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Cheng HT, Ngoc Ta YN, Hsia T, Chen Y. A quantitative review of nanotechnology-based therapeutics for kidney diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1953. [PMID: 38500369 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Kidney-specific nanocarriers offer a targeted approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce off-target effects in renal treatments. The nanocarriers can achieve organ or cell specificity via passive targeting and active targeting mechanisms. Passive targeting capitalizes on the unique physiological traits of the kidney, with factors like particle size, charge, shape, and material properties enhancing organ specificity. Active targeting, on the other hand, achieves renal specificity through ligand-receptor interactions, modifying nanocarriers with molecules, peptides, or antibodies for receptor-mediated delivery. Nanotechnology-enabled therapy targets diseased kidney tissue by modulating podocytes and immune cells to reduce inflammation and enhance tissue repair, or by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation to mitigate renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the current reports of the drug delivery systems that have been tested in vivo, identifies the nanocarriers that may preferentially accumulate in the kidney, and quantitatively compares the efficacy of various cargo-carrier combinations to outline optimal strategies and future research directions. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Teng Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Zhu Bei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nhi Ngoc Ta
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tiffaney Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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2
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Lu J, Xu X, Sun X, Du Y. Protein and peptide-based renal targeted drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2024; 366:65-84. [PMID: 38145662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Renal diseases have become an increasingly concerned public health problem in the world. Kidney-targeted drug delivery has profound transformative potential on increasing renal efficacy and reducing extra-renal toxicity. Protein and peptide-based kidney targeted drug delivery systems have garnered more and more attention due to its controllable synthesis, high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. At the same time, the targeting methods based on protein/peptide are also abundant, including passive renal targeting based on macromolecular protein and active targeting mediated by renal targeting peptide. Here, we review the application and the drug loading strategy of different proteins or peptides in targeted drug delivery, including the ferritin family, albumin, low molecular weight protein (LMWP), different peptide sequence and antibodies. In addition, we summarized the factors influencing passive and active targeting in drug delivery system, the main receptors related to active targeting in different kidney diseases, and a variety of nano forms of proteins based on the controllable synthesis of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- College of Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China.
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Innovation Center of Translational Pharmacy, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.
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3
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Poosti F, Bansal R, Yazdani S, Prakash J, Beljaars L, van den Born J, de Borst MH, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Poelstra K. Retraction: Interferon gamma peptidomimetic targeted to interstitial myofibroblasts attenuates renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Oncotarget 2024; 15:35. [PMID: 38275293 PMCID: PMC10812234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Poosti
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Division of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Saleh Yazdani
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Division of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Division of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Beljaars
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Share senior authorship
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Share senior authorship
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Niu X, Meng Y, Cui J, Li R, Ding X, Niu B, Chang G, Xu N, Li G, Wang Y, Wang L. Hepatic Stellate Cell- and Liver Microbiome-Specific Delivery System for Dihydrotanshinone I to Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23608-23625. [PMID: 37995097 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with liver diseases, yet effective treatment options remain limited. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a promising target for hepatic fibrogenesis due to their pivotal role in disease progression. Our previous research has demonstrated the potential of Dihydrotanshinone I (DHI), a lipophilic component derived from the natural herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, in treating liver fibrosis by inhibiting the YAP/TEAD2 interaction in HSCs. However, the clinical application of DHI faces challenges due to its poor aqueous solubility and lack of specificity for HSCs. Additionally, recent studies have implicated the impact of liver microbiota, distinct from gut microbiota, on the pathogenesis of liver diseases. In this study, we have developed an HSC- and microbiome-specific delivery system for DHI by conjugating prebiotic-like cyclodextrin (CD) with vitamin A, utilizing PEG2000 as a linker (VAP2000@CD). Our results demonstrate that VAP2000@CD markedly enhances the cellular uptake in human HSC line LX-2 and enhances the deposition of DHI in the fibrotic liver in vivo. Subsequently, intervention with DHI-VAP2000@CD has shown a notable reduction in bile duct-like structure proliferation, collagen accumulation, and the expression of fibrogenesis-associated genes in rats subjected to bile duct ligation. These effects may be attributed to the regulation of the YAP/TEAD2 interaction. Importantly, the DHI-VAP2000@CD intervention has also restored microbial homeostasis in the liver, promoting the amelioration of liver inflammation. Overall, our findings indicate that DHI-VAP2000@CD represents a promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis by specifically targeting HSCs and restoring the liver microbial balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Niu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanan Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinjin Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bingyu Niu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ge Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Nørregaard R, Mutsaers HAM, Frøkiær J, Kwon TH. Obstructive nephropathy and molecular pathophysiology of renal interstitial fibrosis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2827-2872. [PMID: 37440209 PMCID: PMC10642920 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys play a key role in maintaining total body homeostasis. The complexity of this task is reflected in the unique architecture of the organ. Ureteral obstruction greatly affects renal physiology by altering hemodynamics, changing glomerular filtration and renal metabolism, and inducing architectural malformations of the kidney parenchyma, most importantly renal fibrosis. Persisting pathological changes lead to chronic kidney disease, which currently affects ∼10% of the global population and is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Studies on the consequences of ureteral obstruction date back to the 1800s. Even today, experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) remains the standard model for tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, the model has certain limitations when it comes to studying tubular injury and repair, as well as a limited potential for human translation. Nevertheless, ureteral obstruction has provided the scientific community with a wealth of knowledge on renal (patho)physiology. With the introduction of advanced omics techniques, the classical UUO model has remained relevant to this day and has been instrumental in understanding renal fibrosis at the molecular, genomic, and cellular levels. This review details key concepts and recent advances in the understanding of obstructive nephropathy, highlighting the pathophysiological hallmarks responsible for the functional and architectural changes induced by ureteral obstruction, with a special emphasis on renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Nordbø OP, Landolt L, Eikrem Ø, Scherer A, Leh S, Furriol J, Apeland T, Mydel P, Marti H. Transcriptomic analysis reveals partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation as common pathogenic mechanisms in hypertensive nephrosclerosis and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15825. [PMID: 37813528 PMCID: PMC10562137 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN) and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To explore shared pathogenetic mechanisms, we analyzed transcriptomes of kidney biopsies from patients with HN or T2DN. Total RNA was extracted from 10 μm whole kidney sections from patients with HN, T2DN, and normal controls (Ctrl) (n = 6 for each group) and processed for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed (log2 fold change >1, adjusted p < 0.05) genes (DEG) and molecular pathways were analyzed, and selected results were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ELISA on serum samples was performed on a related cohort consisting of patients with biopsy-proven HN (n = 13) and DN (n = 9), and a normal control group (n = 14). Cluster analysis on RNA sequencing data separated diseased and normal tissues. RNA sequencing revealed that 88% (341 out of 384) of DEG in HN were also altered in T2DN, while gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that over 90% of affected molecular pathways, including those related to inflammation, immune response, and cell-cycle regulation, were similarly impacted in both HN and T2DN samples. The increased expression of genes tied to interleukin signaling and lymphocyte activation was more pronounced in HN, while genes associated with extracellular matrix organization were more evident in T2DN. Both HN and T2DN tissues exhibited significant upregulation of genes connected with inflammatory responses, T-cell activity, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (p-EMT). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) further confirmed T-cell (CD4+ and CD8+ ) infiltration in the diseased tissues. Additionally, IHC revealed heightened AXL protein expression, a key regulator of inflammation and p-EMT, in both HN and T2DN, while serum analysis indicated elevated soluble AXL levels in patients with both conditions. These findings underline the shared molecular mechanisms between HN and T2DN, hinting at the potential for common therapeutic strategies targeting both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Nordbø
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund HospitalHelse FonnaHaugesundNorway
| | - Lea Landolt
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Øystein Eikrem
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Piotr Mydel
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Hans‐Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
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7
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Gong X, Han Z, Fan H, Wu Y, He Y, Fu Y, Zhu T, Li H. The interplay of inflammation and remodeling in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: current understanding and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238673. [PMID: 37771597 PMCID: PMC10523020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common clinical condition characterized by persistent mucosal inflammation and tissue remodeling, has a complex pathogenesis that is intricately linked to innate and adaptive immunity. A number of studies have demonstrated that a variety of immune cells and cytokines that play a vital role in mediating inflammation in CRS are also involved in remodeling of the nasal mucosa and the cells as well as different cytokines involved in remodeling in CRS are also able to exert some influence on inflammation, even though the exact relationship between inflammation and remodeling in CRS has not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, the potential role of immune cells and cytokines in regulating inflammation and remodeling of CRS mucosa has been described, starting with the immune cells and cytokines that act together in inflammation and remodeling. The goal is to aid researchers in understanding intimate connection between inflammation and remodeling of CRS and to offer novel ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Gong
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhoutong Han
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongli Fan
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanqiong He
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yijie Fu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Pandey P, Khan F, Upadhyay TK, Seungjoon M, Park MN, Kim B. New insights about the PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway as a promising target to develop cancer therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114491. [PMID: 37002577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cancers express platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs). By directly stimulating tumour cells in an autocrine manner or by stimulating tumour stromal cells in a paracrine manner, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway is crucial in the growth and spread of several cancers. To combat hypoxia in the tumour microenvironment, it encourages angiogenesis. A growing body of experimental data shows that PDGFs target malignant cells, vascular cells, and stromal cells to modulate tumour growth, metastasis, and the tumour microenvironment. To combat medication resistance and enhance patient outcomes in cancers, targeting the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a viable therapeutic approach. There have been reports of anomalies in the PDGF pathway, including the gain of function point mutations, activating chromosomal translocations, or overexpression or amplification of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs). As a result, it has been shown that targeting the PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway is an effective method for treating cancer. As a result, this study will concentrate on the regulation of the PDGF/PDGFR signaling system, in particular the current methods and inhibitors used in cancer treatment, as well as the associated therapeutic advantages and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP, India.
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Moon Seungjoon
- Chansol Hospital of Korean Medicine, 290, Buheung-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 21390, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Ritter AC, Ricart Arbona RJ, Livingston RS, Monette S, Lipman NS. Effects of Mouse Kidney Parvovirus on Pharmacokinetics of Chemotherapeutics and the Adenine Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Comp Med 2023; 73:153-172. [PMID: 36973002 PMCID: PMC10162380 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) causes inclusion body nephropathy in severely immunocompromised mice and renal interstitial inflammation in immunocompetent mice. Here we sought to determine the effects of MKPV on pre-clinical murine models that depend on renal function. To assess the effects of MKPV infection on the pharmacokinetics of 2 renally excreted chemotherapeutic agents, methotrexate and lenalidomide, we measured drug concentrations in the blood and urine of MKPV-infected or uninfected immunodeficient NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) and immunocompetent C57BL/6NCrl (B6) female mice. No differences in plasma pharmacokinetics were observed for lenalidomide. However, the AUC of methotrexate was 1.5-fold higher in uninfected NSG mice compared with infected NSG mice, 1.9-fold higher in infected B6 mice compared with uninfected B6 mice, and 4.3-fold higher in uninfected NSG mice compared with uninfected B6 mice. MKPV infection did not significantly affect the renal clearance of either drug. To assess effects of MKPV infection on the adenine diet model of chronic kidney disease, MKPV-infected and uninfected B6 female mice were fed a 0.2% adenine diet, and clinical and histopathologic features of disease were assessed over 8 wk. MKPV infection did not significantly alter urine chemistry results, hemogram findings, or serum concentrations of BUN, creatinine, or symmetric dimethylarginine. However, infection did influence histologic outcomes. As compared with uninfected mice, MKPV-infected mice had more interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates after 4 and 8 wk of diet consumption and less interstitial fibrosis at week 8. Macrophage infiltrates and renal tubular injury were similar between in infected and uninfected mice. These findings indicate that MKPV infection had minimal effects on the renal excretion of 2 chemotherapeutics and on serum biomarkers of renal function. However, infection significantly influenced two histologic features of the adenine diet model of chronic renal disease. MKPV-free mice are critically important in studies evaluating renal histology as an experimental outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Ritter
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Rodolfo J Ricart Arbona
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | | | - Sébastien Monette
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Neil S Lipman
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
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10
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Bansal R, Poelstra K. Hepatic Stellate Cell Targeting Using Peptide-Modified Biologicals. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2669:269-284. [PMID: 37247067 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3207-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide and are rising exponentially due to increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are recognized as a key therapeutic target in liver diseases as these cells, upon activation during liver damage and ongoing liver inflammation, secrete excessive amounts of extracellular matrix that leads to liver tissue scarring (fibrosis) responsible for liver dysfunction (end-stage liver disease) and desmoplasia in hepatocellular carcinoma. Targeting of HSCs to reverse fibrosis progression has been realized by several experts in the field, including us. We have developed strategies to target activated HSCs by utilizing the receptors overexpressed on the surface of activated HSCs. One well-known receptor is platelet derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β). Using PDGFR-β recognizing peptides (cyclic PPB or bicyclic PPB), we can deliver biologicals, e.g., interferon gamma (IFNγ) or IFNγ activity domain (mimetic IFNγ), to the activated HSCs that can inhibit their activation and reverse liver fibrosis. In this chapter, we provide the detailed methods and the principles involved in the synthesis of these targeted (mimetic) IFNγ constructs. These methods can be adapted for synthesizing constructs for targeted/cell-specific delivery of peptides/proteins, drugs, and imaging agents useful for various applications including diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Chade AR, Bidwell GL. Novel Drug Delivery Technologies and Targets for Renal Disease. Hypertension 2022; 79:1937-1948. [PMID: 35652363 PMCID: PMC9378601 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.17944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The burden of acute and chronic kidney diseases to the health care system is exacerbated by the high mortality that this disease carries paired with the still limited availability of comprehensive therapies. A reason partially resides in the complexity of the kidney, with multiple potential target cell types and a complex structural environment that complicate strategies to protect and recover renal function after injury. Management of both acute and chronic renal disease, irrespective of the cause, are mainly focused on supportive treatments and renal replacement strategies when needed. Emerging preclinical evidence supports the feasibility of drug delivery technology for the kidney, and recent studies have contributed to building a robust catalog of peptides, proteins, nanoparticles, liposomes, extracellular vesicles, and other carriers that may be fused to therapeutic peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, or small molecule drugs. These fusions can display a precise renal uptake, an enhanced circulating time, and a directed intraorgan biodistribution while protecting their cargo to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, several hurdles that slow the transition towards clinical applications are still in the way, such as solubility, toxicity, and sub-optimal renal targeting. This review will discuss the feasibility and current limitations of drug delivery technologies for the treatment of renal disease, offering an update on their potential and the future directions of these promising strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Gene L. Bidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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12
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Huang R, Sun LJ. Identification of circulating lncRNA in chronic kidney disease based on bioinformatics analysis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1466-1478. [PMID: 35757995 PMCID: PMC9493766 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a high mortality disease and generally remains asymptomatic in the early stages. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is defined as a non-protein-coding transcript more than 200 nucleotides which participate in numerous biological processes and have been identified as novel diagnostic markers for many diseases. Detection of circulating lncRNAs is a rapidly evolving, new area of molecular diagnosis. The purpose of our research was to identify circulating lncRNA expression profiles and possible molecular mechanisms involved in CKD. Blood samples were obtained from patients with CKD and healthy volunteers, and high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs. DE lncRNAs and mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to ensure the reliability and validity of RNA-seq data. Bioinformatics analysis was used to obtain biological functions and key pathways related to the pathogenesis of CKD. The interaction and co-expression functional networks for DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were also constructed. Our data showed that of the 425 DE lncRNAs detected, 196 lncRNAs were upregulated, while that of 229 lncRNAs were downregulated. A total of 433 DE mRNAs were identified in patients with CKD compared to healthy individuals. GO analysis revealed that DE lncRNAs were highly correlated with binding and pathway regulation. KEGG analysis suggested that DE lncRNAs were obviously enriched in regulatory pathways, such as antigen processing and presentation. We successfully constructed a potential DE lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and analyzed the target genes of DE lncRNAs to predict cis- and trans-regulation in CKD. 100 lncRNAs that corresponded to 14 transcription factors (TFs) were identified in the TF-lncRNA binary network. Our findings on the lncRNA expression profiles and functional networks may help to interpret the possible molecular mechanisms implied in the pathogenesis of CKD; the results demonstrated that lncRNAs could potentially to be used as diagnostic biomarkers in CKD.
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Cheng HT, Huang HC, Lee TY, Liao YH, Sheng YH, Jin PR, Huang KW, Chen LH, Chen YT, Liu ZY, Lin TC, Wang HC, Chao CH, Juang IP, Su CT, Huang KH, Lin SL, Wang J, Sung YC, Chen Y. Delivery of sorafenib by myofibroblast-targeted nanoparticles for the treatment of renal fibrosis. J Control Release 2022; 346:169-179. [PMID: 35429575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is an excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix within solid organs in response to injury and a common pathway that leads functional failure. No clinically approved agent is available to reverse or even prevent this process. Herein, we report a nanotechnology-based approach that utilizes a drug carrier to deliver a therapeutic cargo specifically to fibrotic kidneys, thereby improving the antifibrotic effect of the drug and reducing systemic toxicity. We first adopted in vitro-in vivo combinatorial phage display technology to identify peptide ligands that target myofibroblasts in mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced fibrotic kidneys. We then engineered lipid-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) with fibrotic kidney-homing peptides on the surface and sorafenib, a potent antineoplastic multikinase inhibitor, encapsulated in the core. Sorafenib loaded in the myofibroblast-targeted NPs significantly reduced the infiltration of α-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts and deposition of collagen I in UUO-treated kidneys and enhanced renal plasma flow measured by Technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine scintigraphy. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of the newly identified peptide fragments as anchors to target myofibroblasts and represents a strategic advance for selective delivery of sorafenib to treat renal fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Renal fibrosis is a pathological feature accounting for the majority of issues in chronic kidney disease (CKD), which may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This manuscript describes a myofibroblast-targeting drug delivery system modified with phage-displayed fibrotic kidney-homing peptides. By loading the myofibroblast-targeting nanoparticles (NPs) with sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, the NPs could suppress collagen synthesis in cultured human myofibroblasts. When given intravenously to mice with UUO-induced renal fibrosis, sorafenib loaded in myofibroblast-targeting NPs significantly ameliorated renal fibrosis. This approach provides an efficient therapeutic option to renal fibrosis. The myofibroblast-targeting peptide ligands and nanoscale drug carriers may be translated into clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Teng Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Biomedical Park Branch, Zhu Bei City 302, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City 30059, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chien Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Biomedical Park Branch, Zhu Bei City 302, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Biomedical Park Branch, Zhu Bei City 302, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yan Liu
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City 30059, Taiwan
| | - I Pu Juang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City 30059, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Su
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliu City, Taiwan; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jane Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chieh Sung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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14
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Drug Targeting and Nanomedicine: Lessons Learned from Liver Targeting and Opportunities for Drug Innovation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010217. [PMID: 35057111 PMCID: PMC8777931 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug targeting and nanomedicine are different strategies for improving the delivery of drugs to their target. Several antibodies, immuno-drug conjugates and nanomedicines are already approved and used in clinics, demonstrating the potential of such approaches, including the recent examples of the DNA- and RNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 infections. Nevertheless, targeting remains a major challenge in drug delivery and different aspects of how these objects are processed at organism and cell level still remain unclear, hampering the further development of efficient targeted drugs. In this review, we compare properties and advantages of smaller targeted drug constructs on the one hand, and larger nanomedicines carrying higher drug payload on the other hand. With examples from ongoing research in our Department and experiences from drug delivery to liver fibrosis, we illustrate opportunities in drug targeting and nanomedicine and current challenges that the field needs to address in order to further improve their success.
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15
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Xu C, Liu S, Yang F, Zhang K, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Lu T, Lu S, Jiang Y, Qin W, Shi C, Zhang R, Yang AG, Zhao A, Han D, Wen W. Antibody-drug conjugates targeting CD248 + myofibroblasts effectively alleviate renal fibrosis in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22102. [PMID: 34972243 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101441r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts, or activated fibroblasts, play a critical role in the process of renal fibrosis. Targeting myofibroblasts to inhibit their activation or induce specific cell death has been considered to be an effective strategy to attenuate renal fibrosis. However, specific biomarkers for myofibroblasts are needed to ensure the efficacy of these strategies. Here, we verified that CD248 was mainly expressed in myofibroblasts in patients with chronic kidney disease, which was inversely correlated with renal function. The same result was also confirmed in renal fibrotic mice induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction and aristolochic acid nephropathy. By using an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) named IgG78-DM1, in which maytansinoid (DM1) was linked to a fully human antibody IgG78 through an uncleavable SMCC linker, we demonstrated that it could effectively bind with and kill CD248+ fibroblasts in vitro and alleviate renal fibrosis in mice models. Besides, we confirmed that IgG78-DM1 had qualified biosafety in vivo. Our results confirmed that CD248 can be used as a specific marker for myofibroblasts, and specific killing of CD248+ myofibroblasts by IgG78-DM1 has excellent anti-fibrotic effect in renal fibrotic mice. Our study expanded the application of ADC and provided a novel strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Bamias G, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Immunological Regulation of Intestinal Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 28:337-349. [PMID: 34904152 PMCID: PMC8919810 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a late-stage phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which underlies most of the long-term complications and surgical interventions in patients, particularly those with Crohn's disease. Despite these issues, antifibrotic therapies are still scarce, mainly due to the current lack of understanding concerning the pathogenetic mechanisms that mediate fibrogenesis in patients with chronic intestinal inflammation. In the current review, we summarize recent evidence regarding the cellular and molecular factors of innate and adaptive immunity that are considered critical for the initiation and amplification of extracellular matrix deposition and stricture formation. We focus on the role of cytokines by dissecting the pro- vs antifibrotic components of the immune response, while taking into consideration their temporal association to the progressive stages of the natural history of IBD. We critically present evidence from animal models of intestinal fibrosis and analyze inflammation-fibrosis interactions that occur under such experimental scenarios. In addition, we comment on recent findings from large-scale, single-cell profiling of fibrosis-relevant populations in IBD patients. Based on such evidence, we propose future potential targets for antifibrotic therapies to treat patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Bamias
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Third Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Address correspondence to: Fabio Cominelli, MD, PhD, ()
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17
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Staab-Weijnitz CA. Fighting the Fiber: Targeting Collagen in Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:363-381. [PMID: 34861139 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0342tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis is characterized by epithelial injury and aberrant tissue repair, where activated effector cells, mostly fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, excessively deposit collagen into the extracellular matrix. Fibrosis frequently results in organ failure and has been estimated to contribute to at least one third of all global deaths. Also lung fibrosis, in particular idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is a fatal disease with rising incidence worldwide. As current treatment options targeting fibrogenesis are insufficient, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. During the last decade, several studies have proposed to target intra- and extracellular components of the collagen biosynthesis, maturation, and degradation machinery. This includes intra- and extracellular targets directly acting on collagen gene products, but also such that anabolize essential building blocks of collagen, in particular glycine and proline biosynthetic enzymes. Collagen, however, is a ubiquitous molecule in the body and fulfils essential functions as a macromolecular scaffold, growth factor reservoir, and receptor binding site in virtually every tissue. This review summarizes recent advances and future directions in this field. Evidence for the proposed therapeutic targets and where they currently stand in terms of clinical drug development for treatment of fibrotic disease is provided. The drug targets are furthermore discussed in light of (1) specificity for collagen biosynthesis, maturation and degradation, and (2) specificity for disease-associated collagen. As therapeutic success and safety of these drugs may largely depend on targeted delivery, different strategies for specific delivery to the main effector cells and to the extracellular matrix are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt, 9150, Comprehensive Pneumology Center/Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), München, Germany;
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18
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Memi G, Yazgan B. Adropin and spexin hormones regulate the systemic inflammation in adenine-induced chronic kidney failure in rat. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:194-201. [PMID: 34472450 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_13_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the major global health problems. Chronic renal failure is stimulated by many cytokines and chemokines. Adropin and spexin (SPX) are peptides hormones. These peptides could affect inflammatory conditions, but this is unclear. Due to the limited information, we planned to investigate the impact of adropin and SPX hormones on systemic inflammation in adenine induced chronic kidney failure rat model. Chronic kidney failure was induced by administering adenine hemisulfate. Renal functions were measured by an autoanalyzer. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Eotaxin, growth-regulated oncogene-alpha, IP-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, and RANTES levels were determined by Luminex. We observed an increase in 24-h urine volume and serum creatinine. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein levels were also significantly higher in the chronic kidney failure (CKF) group. Urine protein and 24-h urine volume were reduced with adropin and SPX treatments. Furthermore, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, and GRO-α significantly increased by CKF induction; however, these cytokines and chemokines significantly decreased by adropin treatment in the CKF group. Furthermore, adropin increased IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-2 levels. In addition, SPX treatment had a more limited effect, decreasing only G-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-5 levels. The combined adropin + SPX treatment significantly reduced G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IL-17A. Furthermore, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-3, and MIP-2 were significantly increased by these combined treatments. Our findings indicate that renal functions and inflammatory response were modulated by adropin and SPX peptides. These peptides may have protective effects on systemic inflammation and renal failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsun Memi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Burak Yazgan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
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19
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Fibrosis, the Bad Actor in Cardiorenal Syndromes: Mechanisms Involved. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071824. [PMID: 34359993 PMCID: PMC8307805 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome is a term that defines the complex bidirectional nature of the interaction between cardiac and renal disease. It is well established that patients with kidney disease have higher incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities and that renal dysfunction is a significant threat to the prognosis of patients with cardiac disease. Fibrosis is a common characteristic of organ injury progression that has been proposed not only as a marker but also as an important driver of the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndromes. Due to the relevance of fibrosis, its study might give insight into the mechanisms and targets that could potentially be modulated to prevent fibrosis development. The aim of this review was to summarize some of the pathophysiological pathways involved in the fibrotic damage seen in cardiorenal syndromes, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are known to be triggers and mediators of fibrosis.
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20
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Li W, Little N, Park J, Foster CA, Chen J, Lu J. Tumor-Associated Fibroblast-Targeting Nanoparticles for Enhancing Solid Tumor Therapy: Progress and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2889-2905. [PMID: 34260250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though nanoparticle drug delivery systems (nanoDDSs) have improved antitumor efficacy by delivering more drugs to tumor sites compared to free and unencapsulated therapeutics, achieving satisfactory distribution and penetration of nanoDDSs inside solid tumors, especially in stromal fibrous tumors, remains challenging. As one of the most common stromal cells in solid tumors, tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) not only promote tumor growth and metastasis but also reduce the drug delivery efficiency of nanoparticles through the tumor's inherent physical and physiological barriers. Thus, TAFs have been emerging as attractive targets, and TAF-targeting nanotherapeutics have been extensively explored to enhance the tumor delivery efficiency and efficacy of various anticancer agents. The purpose of this Review is to opportunely summarize the underlying mechanisms of TAFs on obstructing nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery into tumors and discuss the current advances of a plethora of nanotherapeutic approaches for effectively targeting TAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpan Li
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nicholas Little
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jonghan Park
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Cole Alexander Foster
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,NCI-designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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21
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Gao M, Wang J, Zang J, An Y, Dong Y. The Mechanism of CD8 + T Cells for Reducing Myofibroblasts Accumulation during Renal Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070990. [PMID: 34356613 PMCID: PMC8301885 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a common manifestation of end-stage renal disease that is associated with multiple types of renal insults and functional loss of the kidney. Unresolved renal inflammation triggers fibrotic processes by promoting the activation and expansion of extracellular matrix-producing fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Growing evidence now indicates that diverse T cells and macrophage subpopulations play central roles in the inflammatory microenvironment and fibrotic process. The present review aims to elucidate the role of CD8+ T cells in renal fibrosis, and identify its possible mechanisms in the inflammatory microenvironment.
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22
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Promyelocytic leukemia protein promotes the phenotypic switch of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques of human coronary arteries. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:887-905. [PMID: 33764440 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a constitutive component of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which function as stress-regulated SUMOylation factories. Since PML can also act as a regulator of the inflammatory and fibroproliferative responses characteristic of atherosclerosis, we investigated whether PML is implicated in this disease. Immunoblotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry showed a stronger expression of PML in segments of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and sections compared with non-atherosclerotic ones. In particular, PML was concentrated in PML-NBs from α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-immunoreactive cells in plaque areas. To identify possible functional consequences of PML-accumulation in this cell type, differentiated human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (dHCASMCs) were transfected with a vector containing the intact PML-gene. These PML-transfected dHCASMCs showed higher levels of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1-dependent SUMOylated proteins, but lower levels of markers for smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and revealed more proliferation and migration activities than dHCASMCs transfected with the vector lacking a specific gene insert or with the vector containing a mutated PML-gene coding for a PML-form without SUMOylation activity. When dHCASMCs were incubated with different cytokines, higher PML-levels were observed only after interferon γ (IFN-γ) stimulation, while the expression of differentiation markers was lower. However, these phenotypic changes were not observed in dHCASMCs treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressing PML-expression prior to IFN-γ stimulation. Taken together, our results imply that PML is a previously unknown functional factor in the molecular cascades associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is positioned in vascular SMCs (VSMCs) between upstream IFN-γ activation and downstream SUMOylation.
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23
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Petreski T, Piko N, Ekart R, Hojs R, Bevc S. Review on Inflammation Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:182. [PMID: 33670423 PMCID: PMC7917900 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major health problems of the modern age. It represents an important public health challenge with an ever-lasting rising prevalence, which reached almost 700 million by the year 2017. Therefore, it is very important to identify patients at risk for CKD development and discover risk factors that cause the progression of the disease. Several studies have tackled this conundrum in recent years, novel markers have been identified, and new insights into the pathogenesis of CKD have been gained. This review summarizes the evidence on markers of inflammation and their role in the development and progression of CKD. It will focus primarily on cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Nevertheless, further large, multicenter studies are needed to establish the role of these markers and confirm possible treatment options in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Petreski
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Piko
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Robert Ekart
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Radovan Hojs
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.P.); (R.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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24
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Zhou J, Li R, Zhang J, Liu Q, Wu T, Tang Q, Huang C, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Huang H, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Mo L, Li Y, He J. Targeting Interstitial Myofibroblast-Expressed Integrin αvβ3 Alleviates Renal Fibrosis. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1373-1385. [PMID: 33544609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final manifestation of various chronic kidney diseases. Interstitial myofibroblasts, which are reported to highly express integrin αvβ3, are the effector cells in renal fibrogenesis. Since current therapies do not efficiently target these cells, there is no effective therapeutic method for preventing or mitigating the disease. Here, we modified sterically stable PEGylated liposomes with the pentapeptide cRGDfC (RGD-Lip), which has a high affinity for αvβ3, to specifically deliver drug to renal interstitial myofibroblasts. Our results showed that attaching cRGDfC to liposomes significantly increased their uptake by activated renal fibroblasts NRK-49F cells, and this effect was greatly abolished by adding excess-free cRGDfC or a knockdown of αvβ3. Systemic administration of RGD-Lip gave rise to significant accumulation in a fibrotic kidney, which is ascribed to the specific recognition with integrin αvβ3 on interstitial myofibroblasts. When loaded with celastrol, RGD-guided liposomes dramatically depressed the proliferation and activation of NRK-49F cells in vitro. Additionally, celastrol-loaded RGD-Lip markedly attenuated renal fibrosis, injury, and inflammation induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice, without inducing significant systemic toxicity. Thus, this liposomal system shows great promise for delivering therapeutic agents to interstitial myofibroblasts for renal fibrosis treatment with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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25
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Hirooka Y, Nozaki Y, Niki K, Inoue A, Sugiyama M, Kinoshita K, Funauchi M, Matsumura I. Foxp3-Positive Regulatory T Cells Contribute to Antifibrotic Effects in Renal Fibrosis via an Interleukin-18 Receptor Signaling Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:604656. [PMID: 33344483 PMCID: PMC7738332 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.604656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common lesion in the process of various progressive renal diseases. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the induction of Th1 responses and is associated with renal interstitial fibrosis, but the mechanism of fibrosis remains unclear. Here we used IL-18 receptor alpha knockout (IL-18Rα KO) mice to investigate the role of an IL-18Rα signaling pathway in renal fibrosis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. IL-18 Rα KO mice showed decreased renal interstitial fibrosis and increased infiltration of CD4+ T cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) compared to wildtype (WT) mice. The expression of renal transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1, which is considered an important cytokine in renal interstitial fibrosis) was not significantly different between WT and IL-18Rα KO mice. The adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells from the splenocytes of IL-18Rα KO mice to WT mice reduced renal interstitial fibrosis and increased the number of Foxp3+ Tregs in WT mice. These results demonstrated that Foxp3+ Tregs have a protective effect in renal interstitial fibrosis via an IL-18R signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Hirooka
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuji Nozaki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Funauchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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26
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van Asbeck AH, Dieker J, Boswinkel M, van der Vlag J, Brock R. Kidney-targeted therapies: A quantitative perspective. J Control Release 2020; 328:762-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Plotkin M, O'Brien CA, Goellner J, Williams J, Carter W, Sharma S, Stone A. A Uromodulin Mutation Drives Autoimmunity and Kidney Mononuclear Phagocyte Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2436-2452. [PMID: 32926855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We identified a family with a UMOD gene mutation (C106F) resulting in glomerular inflammation and complement deposition. To determine if the observed phenotype is due to immune system activation by mutant uromodulin, a mouse strain with a homologous cysteine to phenylalanine mutation (C105F) in the UMOD gene was generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and the effect of this mutation on mononuclear phagocytic cells was examined. Mutant mice developed high levels of intracellular and secreted aggregated uromodulin, resulting in anti-uromodulin antibodies and circulating uromodulin containing immune complexes with glomerular deposition and kidney fibrosis with aging. F4/80+ and CD11c+ kidney cells phagocytize uromodulin. Differential gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing of F4/80+ phagocytic cells revealed activation of the activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5)-mediated stress response pathway in mutant mice. Phagocytosis of mutant uromodulin by cultured dendritic cells resulted in activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway and markers of cell inactivation, an effect not seen with wild-type protein. Mutant mice demonstrate a twofold increase in T-regulatory cells, consistent with induction of immune tolerance, resulting in decreased inflammatory response and improved tissue repair following ischemia-reperfusion injury. The C105F mutation results in autoantibodies against aggregated misfolded protein with immune complex formation and kidney fibrosis. Aggregated uromodulin may induce dendritic cell tolerance following phagocytosis through an unfolded protein/endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway, resulting in decreased inflammation following tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Plotkin
- Renal Division, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
| | - Charles A O'Brien
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Joseph Goellner
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Joshua Williams
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Weleetka Carter
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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28
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Dittrich A, Hansen K, Simonsen MIT, Busk M, Alstrup AKO, Lauridsen H. Intrinsic Heart Regeneration in Adult Vertebrates May be Strictly Limited to Low-Metabolic Ectotherms. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000054. [PMID: 32914411 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The heart has a high-metabolic rate, and its "around-the-clock" vital role to sustain life sets it apart in a regenerative setting from other organs and appendages. The landscape of vertebrate species known to perform intrinsic heart regeneration is strongly biased toward ectotherms-for example, fish, salamanders, and embryonic/neonatal ectothermic mammals. It is hypothesized that intrinsic heart regeneration is exclusively limited to the low-metabolic hearts of ectotherms. The biomedical field of regenerative medicine seeks to devise biologically inspired regenerative therapies to diseased human hearts. Falsification of the ectothermy dependency for heart regeneration hypothesis may be a crucial prerequisite to meaningfully seek inspiration in established ectothermic regenerative animal models. Otherwise, engineering approaches to construct artificial heart components may constitute a more viable path toward regenerative therapies. A more strict definition of regenerative phenomena is generated and several testable sub-hypotheses and experimental avenues are put forward to elucidate the link between heart regeneration and metabolism. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/fZcanaOT5z8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dittrich
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Kasper Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Department of Biology (Zoophysiology), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.,Leicester Royal Infirmary (East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit), University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | | | - Morten Busk
- Department of Oncology (Experimental Clinical Oncology), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
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29
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Xing L, Chang X, Shen L, Zhang C, Fan Y, Cho C, Zhang Z, Jiang H. Progress in drug delivery system for fibrosis therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:47-61. [PMID: 33613729 PMCID: PMC7878446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a necessary process in the progression of chronic disease to cirrhosis or even cancer, which is a serious disease threatening human health. Recent studies have shown that the early treatment of fibrosis is turning point and particularly important. Therefore, how to reverse fibrosis has become the focus and research hotspot in recent years. So far, the considerable progress has been made in the development of effective anti-fibrosis drugs and targeted drug delivery. Moreover, the existing research results will lay the foundation for more breakthrough delivery systems to achieve better anti-fibrosis effects. Herein, this review summaries anti-fibrosis delivery systems focused on three major organ fibrotic diseases such as liver, pulmonary, and renal fibrosis accompanied by the elaboration of relevant pathological mechanisms, which will provide inspiration and guidance for the design of fibrosis drugs and therapeutic systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenglu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yatong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chongsu Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081 China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hulin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors.
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30
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Buhl EM, Djudjaj S, Klinkhammer BM, Ermert K, Puelles VG, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, He C, Borkham‐Kamphorst E, Weiskirchen R, Denecke B, Trairatphisan P, Saez‐Rodriguez J, Huber TB, Olson LE, Floege J, Boor P. Dysregulated mesenchymal PDGFR-β drives kidney fibrosis. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11021. [PMID: 31943786 PMCID: PMC7059015 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is characterized by expansion and activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β)-positive mesenchymal cells. To study the consequences of PDGFR-β activation, we developed a model of primary renal fibrosis using transgenic mice with PDGFR-β activation specifically in renal mesenchymal cells, driving their pathological proliferation and phenotypic switch toward myofibroblasts. This resulted in progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangial sclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis with progressive anemia due to loss of erythropoietin production by fibroblasts. Fibrosis induced secondary tubular epithelial injury at later stages, coinciding with microinflammation, and aggravated the progression of hypertensive and obstructive nephropathy. Inhibition of PDGFR activation reversed fibrosis more effectively in the tubulointerstitium compared to glomeruli. Gene expression signatures in mice with PDGFR-β activation resembled those found in patients. In conclusion, PDGFR-β activation alone is sufficient to induce progressive renal fibrosis and failure, mimicking key aspects of chronic kidney disease in humans. Our data provide direct proof that fibrosis per se can drive chronic organ damage and establish a model of primary fibrosis allowing specific studies targeting fibrosis progression and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Buhl
- Institute of PathologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
- Division of NephrologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
- Electron Microscopy FacilityRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of PathologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | | | - Katja Ermert
- Institute of PathologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Division of NephrologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
- III. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Department of NephrologyMonash Health, and Center for Inflammatory DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological CenterMedical Clinic and Policlinic IVUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Chaoyong He
- Cardiovascular Biology ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesDepartment of PharmacologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Erawan Borkham‐Kamphorst
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical ChemistryRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical ChemistryRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF)RWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Panuwat Trairatphisan
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg University, and Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Julio Saez‐Rodriguez
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg University, and Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Lorin E Olson
- Cardiovascular Biology ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of NephrologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of PathologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
- Division of NephrologyRWTH University of AachenAachenGermany
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31
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Ding H, Xu Y, Jiang N. Upregulation of miR-101a Suppresses Chronic Renal Fibrosis by Regulating KDM3A via Blockade of the YAP-TGF-β-Smad Signaling Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:1276-1289. [PMID: 32092824 PMCID: PMC7033461 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis denotes a common complication of diabetic nephropathy and is a predominant cause of end-stage renal disease. Despite the association between microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and renal fibrosis, miRNAs have been reported to play a vital role in the development of chronic renal fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible function of miR-101a in chronic renal fibrosis. Initially, microarray-based gene expression profiling of renal fibrosis was employed to screen the differentially expressed genes. An in vivo mouse model of chronic renal fibrosis induced by a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and an in vitro cell model induced by aristolochic acid (AA) were constructed. miR-101a expression was examined using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the interaction between miR-101a and KDM3A was identified using an online website combined with a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of miR-101a on the expression of Col1a1, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and YAP-TGF-β (transforming growth factor β)-Smad signaling pathway-related genes, as well as the degree of renal fibrosis. miR-101a was poorly expressed while KDM3A was robustly induced in chronic renal fibrosis tissues and cells. In addition, miR-101a could target and downregulate KDM3A expression, which led to elevated TGIF1, inhibited expression of Collagen I (Col1a1), fibronectin, α-SMA, YAP1, and TGF-β2 along with the extent of Smad2/3 phosphorylation, as well as delayed renal fibrosis degree. Besides, overexpressed YAP/TGF-β2 or inhibited TGIF1 partially restored the inhibitory effect of miR-101a on chronic renal fibrosis. Taken together, miR-101a could potentially slow down chronic renal fibrosis by the inactivation of the YAP-TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway via KDM3A, highlighting the potential of miR-101a as a therapeutic target for chronic renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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32
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Li R, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Wu T, Zhou J, Huang H, Tang Q, Huang C, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Ma L, Feng Y, Mo L, Han M, He J. Targeted delivery of celastrol to renal interstitial myofibroblasts using fibronectin-binding liposomes attenuates renal fibrosis and reduces systemic toxicity. J Control Release 2020; 320:32-44. [PMID: 31931051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis often occurs in chronic kidney disease, and effective treatment is needed. Celastrol (CEL) may attenuate renal fibrosis, but it distributes throughout the body, leading to severe systemic toxicities. Here we designed a system to deliver CEL specifically to interstitial myofibroblasts, which is a key driver of renal fibrogenesis. Fibronectin is highly expressed in fibrotic kidney. The pentapeptide CREKA, which specifically binds fibronectin, was conjugated to PEGylated liposomes (CREKA-Lip). CREKA-coupled liposomes significantly increased the uptake of unmodified liposomes by activated NRK-49F renal fibroblasts. Systemic administration of CREKA-Lip to mice led to their accumulation in fibrotic kidney, where they were specifically internalized by interstitial myofibroblasts. Loading CEL into CREKA-Lip effectively inhibited the activation and proliferation of NRK-49F cells in vitro, and they markedly alleviated renal fibrosis, injury and inflammation induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Besides, CEL-loaded CREKA-Lip was associated with significantly lower toxicity to major organs than free CEL. These results suggest that encapsulating CEL in CREKA-Lip can increase its therapeutic efficacy and reduce its systemic toxicity as a potential treatment for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhuan Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Han
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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33
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Popper B, Rammer MT, Gasparitsch M, Singer T, Keller U, Döring Y, Lange-Sperandio B. Neonatal obstructive nephropathy induces necroptosis and necroinflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18600. [PMID: 31819111 PMCID: PMC6901532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract obstruction during kidney development causes tubular apoptosis, tubular necrosis, and interstitial inflammation. Necroptosis is a subtype of programmed necrosis mediated by the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Necrosis induces inflammation and stimulates cell death in an autoamplification loop named necroinflammation. Here, we studied necroptosis and necroinflammation in obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in neonatal C57Bl/6J mice. Ureteral obstruction induced tubular dilatation, tubular basement membrane thickening, cast formation, and increased expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Morphological investigations showed either apoptotic or necrotic cells in the tubular compartment. Biochemical analysis revealed increased caspase-8 activity and upregulation of RIPK3 as well as phosphorylated-MLKL in UUO-kidneys. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, INF-γ, TNF-α) were upregulated following UUO. Taken together we show that necroptosis and necroinflammation are accompanied phenomena in neonatal kidneys with obstruction. These findings may help to develop novel strategies to treat congenital obstructive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Popper
- Biomedical Center, Core Faciliy Animal Models, Ludwig-Maximilians university, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Theodor Rammer
- Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Mojca Gasparitsch
- Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Singer
- Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Keller
- Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bärbel Lange-Sperandio
- Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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Gonçalves RSG, Pereira MC, Dantas AT, Almeida ARD, Rego MJBM, Lima EA, Pitta IDR, Duarte ALBP, Pitta MGDR. CCL3, IL-7, IL-13 and IFNγ transcripts are increased in skin's biopsy of systemic sclerosis. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1172-1175. [PMID: 31162840 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although several cytokines and chemokines have been investigated as possible mediators of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc), specific correlation between cytokines and organ involvement have not been found yet, and a cytokine profile characteristic of SSc is far to be identified. We studied the profile of antifibrotic and profibrotic transcripts involved in skin of SSc patients. The mRNA expression was detected by fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in skin's biopsies from 14 patients with SSc and 5 healthy controls. PDGF-A, CTGF, CCL3, IL-6, IL-13, IL-7, IFNγ, IL-17, IL-22 and RORc were analysed in these samples. CCL3, IL-7, IL-13 and IFN-γ were more expressed in skin's biopsy of patients with SSc (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0082, P = 0.0243, P = 0.0335, respectively) when compared with healthy controls. We also found a positive correlation between CCL3 and IL-7 transcripts (P = 0.0050 r = 0.7187). Furthermore, we observed that patients with lung involvement had lower expression of PDGF-A (P = 0.0385). We found an increase in IL-7, IFN-γ, CCL3 and IL-13 relative mRNA expressions on the skin's biopsy of patients with SSc, and a positive correlation between IL-7 and CCL3. These molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of SSc, and how their interactions occur should be the subject of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Silva Guimarães Gonçalves
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Michelly Cristiny Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Andréa Tavares Dantas
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigues de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Moacyr J B M Rego
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Emerson Andrade Lima
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Angela Luzia Branco Pinto Duarte
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Co-treatment with interferon-γ and 1-methyl tryptophan ameliorates cardiac fibrosis through cardiac myofibroblasts apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:197-205. [PMID: 31006829 PMCID: PMC6616223 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling characterized by cardiac fibrosis is a pathologic process occurring after acute myocardial infarction. Fibrosis can be ameliorated by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which is a soluble cytokine showing various effects such as anti-fibrosis, apoptosis, anti-proliferation, immunomodulation, and anti-viral activities. However, the role of IFN-γ in cardiac myofibroblasts is not well established. Therefore, we investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of IFN-γ in human cardiac myofibroblasts (hCMs) in vitro and whether indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), induced by IFN-γ and resulting in cell cycle arrest, plays an important role in regulating the biological activity of hCMs. After IFN-γ treatment, cell signaling pathways and DNA contents were analyzed to assess the biological activity of IFN-γ in hCMs. In addition, an IDO inhibitor (1-methyl tryptophan; 1-MT) was used to assess whether IDO plays a key role in regulating hCMs. IFN-γ significantly inhibited hCM proliferation, and IFN-γ-induced IDO expression caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 through tryptophan depletion. Moreover, IFN-γ treatment gradually suppressed the expression of α-smooth muscle actin. When IDO activity was inhibited by 1-MT, marked apoptosis was observed in hCMs through the induction of interferon regulatory factor, Fas, and Fas ligand. Our results suggest that IFN-γ plays key roles in anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic activities in hCMs and further induces apoptosis via IDO inhibition. In conclusion, co-treatment with IFN-γ and 1-MT can ameliorate fibrosis in cardiac myofibroblasts through apoptosis.
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Campeiro JD, Dam W, Monte GG, Porta LC, Oliveira LCGD, Nering MB, Viana GM, Carapeto FC, Oliveira EB, van den Born J, Hayashi MAF. Long term safety of targeted internalization of cell penetrating peptide crotamine into renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3312. [PMID: 30824773 PMCID: PMC6397221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) play a crucial role in progressive tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in native and transplanted kidneys. Targeting PTECs by non-viral delivery vectors might be useful to influence the expression of important genes and/or proteins in order to slow down renal function loss. However, no clinical therapies that specifically target PTECs are available at present. We earlier showed that a cationic cell penetrating peptide isolated from South American rattlesnake venom, named crotamine, recognizes cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and accumulates in cells. In healthy mice, crotamine accumulates mainly in kidneys after intraperitoneal (ip) injection. Herein we demonstrate for the first time, the overall safety of acute or long-term treatment with daily ip administrated crotamine for kidneys functions. Accumulation of ip injected crotamine in the kidney brush border zone of PTECs, and its presence inside these cells were observed. In addition, significant lower in vitro crotamine binding, uptake and reporter gene transport and expression could be observed in syndecan-1 deficient HK-2 PTECs compared to wild-type cells, indicating that the absence of syndecan-1 impairs crotamine uptake into PTECs. Taken together, our present data show the safety of in vivo long-term treatment with crotamine, and its preferential uptake into PTECs, which are especially rich in HSPGs such as syndecan-1. In addition to the demonstrated in vitro gene delivery mediated by crotamine in HK-2 cells, the potential applicability of crotamine as prototypic non-viral (gene) delivery nanocarrier to modulate PTEC gene and/or protein expression was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Darc Campeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Guilherme Monte
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Carvalho Porta
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Bego Nering
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monteiro Viana
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cintra Carapeto
- Departamento de Patologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Brandt Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP-FMRP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Myofibroblast in Kidney Fibrosis: Origin, Activation, and Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:253-283. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hu G, Liang W, Wu M, Lai C, Mei Y, Li Y, Xu J, Luo L, Quan X. Comparison of T1 Mapping and T1rho Values with Conventional Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Assess Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. Acad Radiol 2019; 26:22-29. [PMID: 29705280 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 mapping and T1 relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1rho) for assessment of renal fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). MATERIALS AND METHODS UUO was created in 36 rats. Six rats were scanned at each of the six time points (on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 after UUO). The contralateral kidneys were examined as controls. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody staining assays were performed. MRI data obtained with a 3.0T scanner were analyzed with α-SMA expression and Masson's staining. RESULTS The T1 relaxation times and T1rho values increased, and the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values decreased with time after UUO. Simple regression analysis indicated that the mean ADCs, T1 relaxation times, and T1rho values had strong correlations with the α-SMA expression levels (R2 = 0.34, R2 = 0.66, R2 = 0.71, respectively; P< .001) and positive Masson's staining (R2 = 0.38, R2 = 0.67, R2 = 0.65, respectively; P< .001). CONCLUSIONS The T1 mapping and T1rho parameters had better correlations with α-SMA expression and Masson's staining than ADC values.
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Ding W, Pu W, Jiang S, Ma Y, Liu Q, Wu W, Chu H, Zou H, Jin L, Wang J, Zhou X. Evaluation of the antifibrotic potency by knocking down SPARC, CCR2 and SMAD3. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:238-247. [PMID: 30470612 PMCID: PMC6306344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes of SPARC, CCR2, and SMAD3 are implicated in orchestrating inflammatory response that leads to fibrosis in scleroderma and other fibrotic disorders. The aim of the studies is to evaluate synergistic anti-fibrotic potency of the siRNAs of these genes. METHODS The efficacy of the siRNA-combination was evaluated in bleomycin-induced mouse fibrosis. The pathological changes of skin and lungs of the mice were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains. The expression of inflammation and fibrosis associated genes and proteins in the tissues were assessed by real-time RT-PCR, RNA sequencing, Western blots and ELISA. Non-crosslinked fibrillar collagen was measured by the Sircol colorimetric assay. FINDINGS The applications of the combined siRNAs in bleomycin-induced mice achieved favorable anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Activation of fibroblasts was suppressed in parallel with inhibition of inflammation evidenced by reduced inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the BALF and/or the tissues by the treatment. Aberrant expression of the genes normally expressed in fibroblasts, monocytes/ macrophage, endothelial and epithelial cells were significantly restrained after the treatment. In addition, transcriptome profiles indicated that some bleomycin-induced alterations of multiple biological pathways were recovered to varying degrees by the treatment. INTERPRETATION The application of the combined siRNAs of SPARC, CCR2, and SMAD3 genes ameliorated inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced mice. It systemically reinstated multiple biopathways, probably through controlling on different cell types including fibroblasts, monocytes/macrophages, endothelial cells and others. The multi-target-combined therapeutic approach examined herein may represent a novel and effective therapy for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Texas-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- University of Texas-McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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40
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:16-36. [PMID: 29909119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects more than 10% of world population and for which treatment options are limited. Renal fibrosis is defined by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which disrupts and replaces the functional parenchyma that leads to organ failure. Kidney's histological structure can be divided into three main compartments, all of which can be affected by fibrosis, specifically termed glomerulosclerosis in glomeruli, interstitial fibrosis in tubulointerstitium and arteriosclerosis and perivascular fibrosis in vasculature. In this review, we summarized the different appearance, cellular origin and major emerging processes and mediators of fibrosis in each compartment. We also depicted and discussed the challenges in translation of anti-fibrotic treatment to clinical practice and discuss possible solutions and future directions.
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Decorin-Modified Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Attenuate Radiation-Induced Lung Injuries via Regulating Inflammation, Fibrotic Factors, and Immune Responses. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:945-956. [PMID: 29976507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the therapeutic effects of decorin (DCN)-modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on radiation-induced lung injuries (RILIs) and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND MATERIALS Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were modified with Ad(E1-).DCN to generate DCN-expressing MSCs (DCN-modified MSCs [MSCs.DCN]). In an experimental mouse model of RILI, MSCs.DCN and MSCs.Null [MSCs modified with Ad(E1-).Null] were intravenously engrafted at 6 hours or 28 days after irradiation. The therapeutic effects on lung inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by histopathologic analysis at 28 days and 3 months after irradiation. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were analyzed in both sera and lung tissues, and subtypes of T lymphocytes including regulatory T cells (Tregs) were analyzed in the peripheral blood and spleen. RESULTS Both MSC treatments could alleviate histopathologic injuries by reducing lymphocyte infiltration, decreasing apoptosis, increasing proliferation of epithelial cells, and inhibiting fibrosis in the later phase. However, treatment with MSCs.DCN resulted in much more impressive therapeutic effects. Moreover, we discovered that MSC treatment reduced the expression of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in both the peripheral blood and local pulmonary tissues. An important finding was that MSCs.DCN were much more effective in inducing interferon-γ expression, inhibiting collagen type III α1 expression in pulmonary tissues, and decreasing the proportion of Tregs. Furthermore, our data suggested that treatment during the acute phase (6 hours) after irradiation evoked much stronger responses both in attenuating inflammation and in inhibiting fibrosis than in the later phase (28 days). CONCLUSIONS MSCs.DCN could attenuate acute inflammation after irradiation and significantly inhibit later fibrosis. Likewise, DCN enhanced the functions of MSCs by targeting profibrotic factors and Tregs.
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Abstract
Immune cells infiltrating the tubulointerstitium critically contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease. In this issue of Kidney international, Law et al. provide first evidence for a role of natural killer cells in the perpetuation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in human renal disease. By detailed flow cytometric characterization of leukocytes isolated from kidney biopsies of chronic kidney disease patients, they define accumulation of natural killer cells as a feature of fibrotic kidney tissue and provide insight into potential mechanisms of how these cells might promote chronic kidney inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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43
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Analysis of IL-1α, bFGF, TGF-β1, IFNγ, MMP-1, and CatD Expression in Multinuclea Macrophages In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:456-458. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cho N, Razipour SE, McCain ML. Featured Article: TGF-β1 dominates extracellular matrix rigidity for inducing differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:601-612. [PMID: 29504479 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218761628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts and their activated derivatives, myofibroblasts, play a critical role in wound healing after myocardial injury and often contribute to long-term pathological outcomes, such as excessive fibrosis. Thus, defining the microenvironmental factors that regulate the phenotype of cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts could lead to new therapeutic strategies. Both chemical and biomechanical cues have previously been shown to induce myofibroblast differentiation in many organs and species. For example, transforming growth factor beta 1, a cytokine secreted by neutrophils, and rigid extracellular matrix environments have both been shown to promote differentiation. However, the relative contributions of transforming growth factor beta 1 and extracellular matrix rigidity, two hallmark cues in many pathological myocardial microenvironments, to the phenotype of human cardiac fibroblasts are unclear. We hypothesized that transforming growth factor beta 1 and rigid extracellular matrix environments would potentially have a synergistic effect on the differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. To test this, we seeded primary human adult cardiac fibroblasts onto coverslips coated with polydimethylsiloxane of various elastic moduli, introduced transforming growth factor beta 1, and longitudinally quantified cell phenotype by measuring expression of α-smooth muscle actin, the most robust indicator of myofibroblasts. Our data indicate that, although extracellular matrix rigidity influenced differentiation after one day of transforming growth factor beta 1 treatment, ultimately transforming growth factor beta 1 superseded extracellular matrix rigidity as the primary regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We also measured expression of POSTN, FAP, and FSP1, proposed secondary indicators of fibroblast/myofibroblast phenotypes. Although these genes partially trended with α-smooth muscle actin expression, they were relatively inconsistent. Finally, we demonstrated that activated myofibroblasts incompletely revert to a fibroblast phenotype after they are re-plated onto new surfaces without transforming growth factor beta 1, suggesting differentiation is partially reversible. Our results provide new insights into how microenvironmental cues affect human cardiac fibroblast differentiation in the context of myocardial pathology, which is important for identifying effective therapeutic targets and dictating supporting cell phenotypes for engineered human cardiac disease models. Impact statement Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Many forms of heart disease are associated with fibrosis, which increases extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity and compromises cardiac output. Fibrotic tissue is synthesized primarily by myofibroblasts differentiated from fibroblasts. Thus, defining the cues that regulate myofibroblast differentiation is important for understanding the mechanisms of fibrosis. However, previous studies have focused on non-human cardiac fibroblasts and have not tested combinations of chemical and mechanical cues. We tested the effects of TGF-β1, a cytokine secreted by immune cells after injury, and ECM rigidity on the differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Our results indicate that differentiation is initially influenced by ECM rigidity, but is ultimately superseded by TGF-β1. This suggests that targeting TGF-β signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts may have therapeutic potential for attenuating fibrosis, even in rigid microenvironments. Additionally, our approach can be leveraged to engineer more precise multi-cellular human cardiac tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Cho
- 1 Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shadi E Razipour
- 1 Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- 1 Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,2 Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Poosti F, Bansal R, Yazdani S, Prakash J, Beljaars L, van den Born J, de Borst MH, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Poelstra K. Interferon gamma peptidomimetic targeted to interstitial myofibroblasts attenuates renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54240-54252. [PMID: 27509062 PMCID: PMC5342338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis cannot be adequately treated since anti-fibrotic treatment is lacking. Interferon-γ is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with anti-fibrotic properties. Clinical use of interferon-γ is hampered due to inflammation-mediated systemic side effects. We used an interferon-γ peptidomimetic (mimγ) lacking the extracellular IFNγReceptor recognition domain, and coupled it to the PDGFβR-recognizing peptide BiPPB. Here we tested the efficacy of mimγ-BiPPB (referred to as “Fibroferon”) targeted to PDGFβR-overexpressing interstitial myofibroblasts to attenuate renal fibrosis without inducing inflammation-mediated side effects in the mouse unilateral ureter obstruction model. Unilateral ureter obstruction induced renal fibrosis characterized by significantly increased α-SMA, TGFβ1, fibronectin, and collagens I and III protein and/or mRNA expression. Fibroferon treatment significantly reduced expression of these fibrotic markers. Compared to full-length IFNγ, anti-fibrotic effects of Fibroferon were more pronounced. Unilateral ureter obstruction-induced lymphangiogenesis was significantly reduced by Fibroferon but not full-length IFNγ. In contrast to full-length IFNγ, Fibroferon did not induce IFNγ-related side-effects as evidenced by preserved low-level brain MHC II expression (similar to vehicle), lowered plasma triglyceride levels, and improved weight gain after unilateral ureter obstruction. In conclusion, compared to full-length IFNγ, the IFNγ-peptidomimetic Fibroferon targeted to PDGFβR-overexpressing myofibroblasts attenuates renal fibrosis in the absence of IFNγ-mediated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Poosti
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Division of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Saleh Yazdani
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Division of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Division of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Beljaars
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Sphingolipid signaling in renal fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:230-247. [PMID: 29343457 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, various sphingolipid subspecies have gained increasing attention as important signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation and tissue remodeling. These mediators include ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the cerebroside glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and the gangliosides GM3 and Gb3. These lipids have been shown to accumulate in various chronic kidney diseases that typically end in renal fibrosis and ultimately renal failure. This review will summarize the effects and contributions of those enzymes that regulate the generation and interconversion of these lipids, notably the acid sphingomyelinase, the acid sphingomyelinase-like protein SMPDL3B, the sphingosine kinases, the S1P lyase, the glucosylceramide synthase, the GM3 synthase, and the α-galactosidase A, to renal fibrotic diseases. Strategies of manipulating these enzymes for therapeutic purposes and the impact of existing drugs on renal pathologies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe- University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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47
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Lv W, Booz GW, Wang Y, Fan F, Roman RJ. Inflammation and renal fibrosis: Recent developments on key signaling molecules as potential therapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:65-76. [PMID: 29229532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue. At the histological level, renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of progressive kidney disease irrespective of the initial injury. Considerable evidence now indicates that renal inflammation plays a central role in the initiation and progression of CKD. Some of the inflammatory signaling molecules involved in CKD include: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Multiple antifibrotic factors, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are also downregulated in CKD. Therefore, restoration of the proper balance between pro- and antifibrotic signaling pathways could serve as a guiding principle for the design of new antifibrotic strategies that simultaneously target many pathways. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing body of knowledge regarding activation of cytokine pathways and infiltration of inflammatory cells as a starting point for developing novel antifibrotic therapies to prevent progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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48
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Teekamp N, Van Dijk F, Broesder A, Evers M, Zuidema J, Steendam R, Post E, Hillebrands J, Frijlink H, Poelstra K, Beljaars L, Olinga P, Hinrichs W. Polymeric microspheres for the sustained release of a protein-based drug carrier targeting the PDGFβ-receptor in the fibrotic kidney. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:229-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao Y, Dang Z, Xu S, Chong S. Heat shock protein 47 effects on hepatic stellate cell-associated receptors in hepatic fibrosis of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1357-1366. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe study aimed to explore the regulation of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) on expressions of receptors associated with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) in liver fibrosis mouse models induced bySchistosoma japonicum(S. japonicum). Mouse fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) were transfected with HSP47 shRNA plasmid by lipofectamine transfection, and experimental fibrosis in HSCs was studied inS. japonicummouse models treated with HSP47 shRNAin vivo. HSP47 expression was assessed using Western blot and real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was adopted to determine the expression of cell membrane receptors. HSP47-shRNA could markedly down-regulate the expression of collagen (Col1a1 and Col3a1). The expressions of HSP47, endothelin receptor A (ETAR) and endothelin receptor B (ETBR) significantly increased in the liver tissue of infected mice. However, the expressions of ETAR and HSP47 and ETBR remarkably decreased after the administration of HSP47 shRNAin vitroandin vivo. ETAR and ETBR levels were found to be positively correlated with HSP47 expression. HSP47 might exert influence on liver fibrosis via the regulation of ETAR and ETBR.
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50
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Yazdani S, Bansal R, Prakash J. Drug targeting to myofibroblasts: Implications for fibrosis and cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:101-116. [PMID: 28720422 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are the key players in extracellular matrix remodeling, a core phenomenon in numerous devastating fibrotic diseases. Not only in organ fibrosis, but also the pivotal role of myofibroblasts in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis has recently been highlighted. Myofibroblast targeting has gained tremendous attention in order to inhibit the progression of incurable fibrotic diseases, or to limit the myofibroblast-induced tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we outline the origin of myofibroblasts, their general characteristics and functions during fibrosis progression in three major organs: liver, kidneys and lungs as well as in cancer. We will then discuss the state-of-the art drug targeting technologies to myofibroblasts in context of the above-mentioned organs and tumor microenvironment. The overall objective of this review is therefore to advance our understanding in drug targeting to myofibroblasts, and concurrently identify opportunities and challenges for designing new strategies to develop novel diagnostics and therapeutics against fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Yazdani
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics Division, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; ScarTec Therapeutics BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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