1
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Gandhi PJ, Murthy ZVP, Pati RK. Optimization of process parameters by Taguchi robust design method for the development of nano-crystals of sirolimus using sonication based crystallization. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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2
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Mei L, Sun H, Song C. Local delivery of modified paclitaxel-loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/pluronic F68 nanoparticles for long-term inhibition of hyperplasia. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:2040-50. [PMID: 18855915 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to test the possibility of localized intravascular infusion of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DMAB)-modified paclitaxel-loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/Pluronic F68 (PCL/F68) nanoparticles to achieve long-term inhibition of hyperplasia in a balloon-injured rabbit carotid artery model. Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by modified solvent displacement method using commercial poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and self-synthesized PCL/F68, respectively. DMAB was adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges to enhance arterial retention. Nanoparticles were found to be of spherical shape with a mean size of around 300 nm and polydispersity of less than 0.150. The surface charge was changed to positive values after the DMAB modification. The in vitro drug release profile of all nanoparticle formulation showed a biphasic release pattern. Drug release from DMAB-modified PCL/F68 nanoparticles (DPNP) was significantly slower than DMAB-modified PLGA nanoparticles (PGNP). After 90 days, DPNP group showed very significant inhibition of neointimal proliferation (p < 0.01), and PGNP group yielded significant inhibition of neointimal proliferation (p < 0.05), when compared with drug-free nanoparticles group. In conclusion, local delivery of paclitaxel-loaded DMAB-modified PCL/F68 nanoparticles was proven an effective means of long-term inhibition of hyperplasia in the rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mei
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
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3
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Mei L, Sun H, Jin X, Zhu D, Sun R, Zhang M, Song C. Modified Paclitaxel-loaded Nanoparticles for Inhibition of Hyperplasia in a Rabbit Arterial Balloon Injury Model. Pharm Res 2007; 24:955-62. [PMID: 17372684 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the possibility of localized intravascular infusion of positive charged paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to better prevent neointimal formation in a rabbit carotid artery injury model. MATERIALS AND METHODS NPs were prepared by oil-water emulsion/solvent evaporation technique using biodegradable poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). A cationic surfactant, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DMAB), was absorbed on the NP surface by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges. NPs were characterized in such aspects as size, surface morphology, surface charges as well as in vitro drug release profile. Balloon injured rabbit carotid arteries were treated with single infusion of paclitaxel-loaded NP suspension and observed for 28 days. The inhibitory effects of NPs on neointima formation were evaluated as end-point. RESULTS NPs showed spherical shape with a diameter ranging from 200 to 500 nm. Negatively charged PLGA NPs shifted to positive after the DMAB modification. The in vitro drug release profile showed a biphasic release pattern. Morphometric analyses on the retrieved artery samples revealed that the inhibitory effect of intima proliferation was dose-dependent. At a concentration of 30 mg ml(-1), NP infusion completely inhibited intima proliferation in a rabbit vascular injury model. CONCLUSIONS Paclitaxel-loaded NPs with DMAB modification were proven an effective means of inhibiting proliferative response to vascular injury in a rabbit model.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carotid Artery Injuries/etiology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/prevention & control
- Catheterization/adverse effects
- Catheterization/methods
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Diffusion
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/injuries
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Hyperplasia/etiology
- Hyperplasia/pathology
- Hyperplasia/prevention & control
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/ultrastructure
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Particle Size
- Polyglactin 910/chemistry
- Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry
- Rabbits
- Solubility
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/injuries
- Tunica Intima/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mei
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
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4
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Westedt U, Barbu-Tudoran L, Schaper AK, Kalinowski M, Alfke H, Kissel T. Effects of different application parameters on penetration characteristics and arterial vessel wall integrity after local nanoparticle delivery using a porous balloon catheter. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 58:161-8. [PMID: 15207550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2003] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-based local delivery of drug loaded nanoparticles agents offers a potential therapeutic approach to reducing restenosis. However, high delivery pressures and large volumes of infusates may cause severe vascular damage and increase intimal thickening. Therefore, we investigated the penetration pattern and vessel wall integrity of fluorescence-labelled nanoparticles (217 nm in diameter) into the non-atherosclerotic aorta abdominalis of New Zealand white rabbits in dependence of the volume (2.5 and 5 ml) and concentration (0.5 and 1 mg/ml) of the nanoparticle suspension, as well as the infusion pressure (2 and 4 atm) using a channelled balloon catheter (SCIMED REMEDY model RC 20/2.5). The location and penetration characteristics of nanoparticles in the arterial vessel wall were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Catheter design and infusion pressure form a radial particle stream through intima and media into the adventitial layer of the aorta abdominalis. Infusion pressures of 4 atm in combination with high particle concentrations lead to effective nanoparticle delivery without severe vessel wall disruptions. Endothelium of the treated vessel segments was slightly affected during catheter insertion showing partly denudation of the innermost cell layer. TEM micrographs underlines transport functional properties of the vasa vasorum inside the vessel wall. Consequently, local delivery efficiency of nanoparticulate carriers is critically affected by infusion pressure, and concentration of carrier suspensions. These factors need to be taken into consideration for the design of in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Westedt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Lanza GM, Yu X, Winter PM, Abendschein DR, Karukstis KK, Scott MJ, Chinen LK, Fuhrhop RW, Scherrer DE, Wickline SA. Targeted antiproliferative drug delivery to vascular smooth muscle cells with a magnetic resonance imaging nanoparticle contrast agent: implications for rational therapy of restenosis. Circulation 2002; 106:2842-7. [PMID: 12451012 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000044020.27990.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restenosis is a serious complication of coronary angioplasty that involves the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to the intima, synthesis of extracellular matrix, and remodeling. We have previously demonstrated that tissue factor-targeted nanoparticles can penetrate and bind stretch-activated vascular smooth muscles in the media after balloon injury. In the present study, the concept of VSMC-targeted nanoparticles as a drug-delivery platform for the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty is studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue factor-targeted nanoparticles containing doxorubicin or paclitaxel at 0, 0.2, or 2.0 mole% of the outer lipid layer were targeted for 30 minutes to VSMCs and significantly inhibited their proliferation in culture over the next 3 days. Targeting of the nanoparticles to VSMC surface epitopes significantly increased nanoparticle antiproliferative effectiveness, particularly for paclitaxel. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that nanoparticle drug release persisted over one week. Targeted antiproliferative results were dependent on the hydrophobic nature of the drug and noncovalent interactions with other surfactant components. Molecular imaging of nanoparticles adherent to the VSMC was demonstrated with high-resolution T1-weighted MRI at 4.7T. MRI 19F spectroscopy of the nanoparticle core provided a quantifiable approach for noninvasive dosimetry of targeted drug payloads. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles may provide a novel, MRI-visualizable, and quantifiable drug delivery system for the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Count
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Contrast Media/chemistry
- Contrast Media/pharmacology
- Coronary Restenosis/prevention & control
- Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
- Delayed-Action Preparations/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Carriers/chemistry
- Drug Carriers/pharmacology
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Fluorine Compounds/chemistry
- Fluorocarbons/chemistry
- Fluorocarbons/pharmacology
- Gadolinium DTPA/analogs & derivatives
- Gadolinium DTPA/chemistry
- Gadolinium DTPA/pharmacology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Oleic Acid/chemistry
- Oleic Acid/pharmacology
- Oleic Acids
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Particle Size
- Swine
- Thromboplastin/immunology
- Thromboplastin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, Mo 63110, USA.
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Westedt U, Barbu-Tudoran L, Schaper AK, Kalinowski M, Alfke H, Kissel T. Deposition of nanoparticles in the arterial vessel by porous balloon catheters: localization by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. AAPS PHARMSCI 2002; 4:E41. [PMID: 12646012 PMCID: PMC2751330 DOI: 10.1208/ps040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Restenosis remains the major limitation of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting in the treatment of patients with atherosclerotic disease. Catheter-based local delivery of pharmacologic agents offers a potential therapeutic approach to reducing restenosis and minimizing undesirable systemic side effects. However, the intramural retention of liquid agents is low. Therefore, to achieve a sustained and regional release of the therapeutic agent it must be encapsulated in nanoparticle carrier systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the size dependence of the penetration of nanoparticles after local delivery into the vessel wall of the aorta abdominalis of New Zealand white rabbits. Two milliliters of a 0.025% fluorescence-labeled polystyrene nanoparticle suspension with diameters ranging from 110 to 514 nm were infused at 2 atm and at constant PTA pressure of 8 atm into the aorta abdominalis. After the infused segments were removed, the location of nanoparticles was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The study demonstrates a size-dependent nanoparticle penetration into the intact vessel wall. While nanoparticles of about 100 and 200 nm were deposited in the inner regions of the vessel wall, 514-nm nanoparticles accumulated primarily at the luminal surface of the aorta. The observations confirm that size plays a critical role in the distribution of particles in the arterial vessel wall. It is additionally influenced by the formation of pressure-induced infusion channels, as well as by the existence of anatomic barriers, such as plaques, at the luminal surface of the aorta or the connective elastic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Westedt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marc Kalinowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Philipps-University, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Alfke
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Philipps-University, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kissel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Chamberlain J. Transforming growth factor-beta: a promising target for anti-stenosis therapy. CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG REVIEWS 2002; 19:329-44. [PMID: 11830751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2001.tb00074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is the general name for a family of cytokines which have widespread effects on many aspects of growth and development. The TGF-beta isoforms are produced by most cell types and exert a wide range of effects in a context-dependent autocrine, paracrine or endocrine fashion via interactions with distinct receptors on the cell surface. TGF-beta is involved in the wound healing process and, thus plays a significant role in the formation of a restenotic lesion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or stenting. Perhaps because of its wide-ranging effects, TGF-beta is usually released from cells in a latent form, and its activation and signaling are complex. Manipulation of the TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3 isoforms by inhibiting their expression, activation, or signaling reduces scarring and fibrosis in animal models. However, to date, few have reached clinical trial. This review summarizes current knowledge on the activation and signaling of TGF-beta, and focuses on the anti-TGF-beta strategies which may lead to clinical applications in the prevention of restenosis following PTCA or stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chamberlain
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Section of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK.
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8
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Fishbein I, Chorny M, Banai S, Levitzki A, Danenberg HD, Gao J, Chen X, Moerman E, Gati I, Goldwasser V, Golomb G. Formulation and delivery mode affect disposition and activity of tyrphostin-loaded nanoparticles in the rat carotid model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:1434-9. [PMID: 11557668 DOI: 10.1161/hq0901.095567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poor drug residence in the arterial wall hinders clinical implementation of local drug delivery strategies for the treatment of restenosis. A rat carotid model of vascular injury and intraluminal delivery of tyrphostin-containing polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) were used to determine the relationship between residence properties and biological activity of different formulations and administration modes. The effects of delivery modes (denudation and delivery time) and formulation variables (adsorbed vs encapsulated drug, and NP size) on arterial drug/NP retention were examined. Antirestenotic effects of large (160 nm) and small (90 nm) tyrphostin-containing NPs, surface-absorbed tyrphostin, and systemic treatment were compared. Fluorescent NPs were used to study the spatial distribution of the carrier in the arterial wall. The decrease in arterial tyrphostin level over time fitted a biexponential model. Delivery time and pressure, endothelium integrity, particle size, and drug-polymer association affected local pharmacokinetics and the antirestenotic results after 14 days. The PLA-based tyrphostin NP formulation ensured a prolonged drug residence at the angioplasty site after single intraluminal application. Several readily adjustable formulation and procedural factors considerably modified arterial ingress of the drug-loaded NPs and governed their subsequent redistribution, tissue binding, elimination, and ensuing antirestenotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fishbein
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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9
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Dickerson JB, Blackwell JE, Ou JJ, Shinde Patil VR, Goetz DJ. Limited adhesion of biodegradable microspheres to E- and P-selectin under flow. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 73:500-9. [PMID: 11344455 DOI: 10.1002/bit.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In a variety of disease settings the expression of the endothelial selectins E- and P-selectin appears to be increased. This feature makes these molecules attractive targets around which to design directed drug-delivery schemes. One possible approach for achieving such delivery is to use polymeric biodegradable microspheres bearing a humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb) for E- and P-selectin, MAb HuEP5C7.g2. Perhaps the simplest technique for "coupling" HuEP5C7.g2 to the microspheres is via nonspecific adsorption. Previous studies suggest, however, that the adsorption of proteins onto microspheres fabricated in the presence of a stabilizer such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is limited. It is unclear to what extent this limited level of adsorbed HuEP5C7.g2 would be able to support adhesion to E- and P-selectin under flow conditions. To explore this issue, we prepared microspheres from the biodegradable polymer, poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), using a single emulsion process and PVA as a stabilizer. We then incubated the PCL microspheres with HuEP5C7.g2 and studied the adhesion of the resulting HuEP5C7.g2 microspheres to E- and P-selectin under in vitro flow conditions. We found that the HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit specific adhesion to Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing P-selectin (CHO-P) and 4-h IL-1beta-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In contrast, HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit little adhesion to parental CHO cells or unactivated HUVEC. The attachment efficiency to the selectin substrates was quite low, with appreciable attachment occurring only at low shear (0.3 dyn/cm(2)). Other supporting data strongly suggest that the limited attachment efficiency is due to a low level of HuEP5C7.g2 adsorbed to the PCL microspheres. Although the attachment was limited, a significant percentage of the HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres were able to remain adherent at relatively high shear (8 dyn/cm(2)). Combined, our data suggest that HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit selective limited adhesion to cellular substrate expressing E- and P-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Dickerson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Abstract
Very limited success has been demonstrated with systemic pharmacological treatment to reduce the incidence of restenosis following angioplasty in patients. The lack of success of many of the pharmacotherapeutic agents in reducing the restenosis rates post-angioplasty and following stent implementation is believed to arise from inadequate concentrations of the agents at the lesion site. This has led to the development of various local delivery devices that would ideally deliver and retain adequate amounts of drug to the vessel wall for sufficient periods of time to ensure a therapeutic effect without inducing further injury or compromising blood flow. Local dosing would avoid systemic toxicity, and the use of modified balloon catheters or coated stents might enable percutaneous approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Ettenson
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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11
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Fishbein I, Chorny M, Rabinovich L, Banai S, Gati I, Golomb G. Nanoparticulate delivery system of a tyrphostin for the treatment of restenosis. J Control Release 2000; 65:221-9. [PMID: 10699282 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Restenosis, the principal complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is responsible for the 35-40% long-term failure rate following coronary revascularization. The neointimal formation, a morphological substrate of restenosis, is dependent on smooth muscle cells (SMC) proliferation and migration. Signal transduction through the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/PDGF receptors system is involved in the process of post-angioplasty restenosis. The unsuccessful attempts to control restenosis by systemic pharmacological interventions have prompted many researchers to look for more promising therapeutic approaches such as local drug delivery. Tyrphostins are low molecular weight inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases. We assessed the release kinetics and in vivo effects of nanoparticles containing PDGF-Receptor beta (PDGFRbeta) tyrphostin inhibitor, AG-1295. AG-1295-loaded poly(DL-lactide) (PLA) nanoparticles were prepared by spontaneous emulsification/solvent displacement technique. In vitro release rate and the impact of drug/polymer ratio on the nanoparticle size were determined. The degree of tyrosine phosphorylation was assessed by Western blot with phosphotyrosine-specific antibody in rat SMC extracts. Several bands characteristic of PDGF BB-stimulated SMC disappeared or weakened following tyrphostin treatment. Local intraluminal delivery of AG-1295-loaded PLA nanoparticles to the injured rat carotid artery had no effect on proliferative activity in medial and neointimal compartments of angioplastisized arteries, indicating a primary antimigration effect of AG-1295 on medial SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fishbein
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12065, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Bray PJ, Du B, Mejia VM, Hao SC, Deutsch E, Fu C, Wilson RC, Hanauske-Abel H, McCaffrey TA. Glucocorticoid resistance caused by reduced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in cells from human vascular lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:1180-9. [PMID: 10323768 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.5.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that control the balance between cell proliferation and death are important in the development of vascular lesions. Rat primary smooth muscle cells were 80% inhibited by low microgram doses of hydrocortisone (HC) and 50% inhibited by nanogram concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), although some lines acquired resistance in late passage. However, comparable doses of HC, or TGF-beta1, failed to inhibit most human lesion-derived cell (LDC) lines. In sensitive LDC, HC (10 microg/mL) inhibited proliferation by up to 50%, with obvious apoptosis in some lines, and TGF-beta1 inhibited proliferation by more than 90%. Collagen production, as measured by [3H]proline incorporation or RIA for type III pro-collagen, was either unaffected or increased in the LDCs by HC. These divergent responses between LDC lines were partially explained by the absence of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and heat shock protein 90 mRNA in 10 of 12 LDC lines, but the presence of the mineralocorticoid receptor and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II. Western blot analysis confirmed the absence of the GR protein in cells lacking GR mRNA. Immunohistochemistry of human carotid lesions showed high levels of GR in the tunica media, but large areas lacking GR in the fibrous lesion. Considering the absence of the GR in most lines, the effects of HC may be elicited through the mineralocorticoid receptor. Functional resistance to the antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects of HC may contribute to excessive wound repair in atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arteriosclerosis/metabolism
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Arteriosclerosis/surgery
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Carotid Artery Injuries
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Replication/drug effects
- Down-Regulation
- Drug Resistance
- Endarterectomy
- Enzyme Induction
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Femoral Artery/surgery
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/deficiency
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone/pharmacology
- Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/analysis
- Iliac Artery/injuries
- Iliac Artery/pathology
- Iliac Artery/surgery
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Procollagen/biosynthesis
- Procollagen/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/deficiency
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/analysis
- Recurrence
- Species Specificity
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Bray
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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LITERATURE ALERTS. J Microencapsul 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/026520499289383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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