1
|
Sun Y, Cheng G, Du L, Gan Y, Li B, Yan S, Shao M, Jin H, Li S. Chuanzhitongluo capsule ameliorates microcirculatory dysfunction in rats: Efficacy evaluation and metabolic profiles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011333. [PMID: 36278210 PMCID: PMC9585327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Microcirculatory dysfunction is the foremost hindrance for a good clinical prognosis in ischemic stroke patients. Clinical researches show that Chuanzhitongluo capsule (CZTL) has a curative effect during the recovery period of ischemic stroke, which contributes to a good prognosis. However, it is not known whether CZTL treats ischemic stroke by ameliorating microcirculation dysfunction. Objective: In this study, we investigated the influence of CZTL on microcirculation and its underlying mechanism. Methods: A rat model of acute microcirculatory dysfunction was established by stimuli of adrenaline and ice water. The microcirculatory damage in model rats and the efficacy of CZTL were assessed by detecting laser speckle contrast imaging, coagulation function, hemorheology, vasomotor factor and microcirculation function. The potential mechanism of CZTL action was explored by the untargeted metabolomic analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Results: Laser speckle contrast imaging showed that model rats suffered low perfusion in ears, feet and tails, and CZTL treatment increased microcirculatory blood flow. Coagulation function detection results showed that CZTL diminished the reduction of thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and the elevated fibrinogen level caused by acute microcirculatory dysfunction. Furthermore, CZTL could recover the increased blood viscosity as well as the abnormal vasomotor and microcirculation function in rats with acute microcirculatory dysfunction. Metabolomics analysis indicated that CZTL might regulate sphingolipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism to exert protective effects on microcirculation. Conclusion: These results elucidated that CZTL was highly effective against microcirculatory dysfunction and its potential mechanisms related with the modulation of sphingolipid and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. The present study provided a new perspective on the clinical application of CZTL, and it contribute to explore novel therapeutic drug against microcirculatory dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Sun
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Du
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
| | - Mingguo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Mingguo Shao, ; Shasha Li,
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mingguo Shao, ; Shasha Li,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park D, Ro M, Lee AJ, Kwak DW, Chung Y, Kim JH. Contributory Role of BLT2 in the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Mol Cells 2021; 44:893-899. [PMID: 34887363 PMCID: PMC8718367 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BLT2 is a low-affinity receptor for leukotriene B4, a potent lipid mediator of inflammation generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BLT2 plays any role in sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection. A murine model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis was used to evaluate the role of BLT2 in septic inflammation. In the present study, we observed that the levels of ligands for BLT2 (LTB4 [leukotriene B4] and 12(S)-HETE [12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid]) were significantly increased in the peritoneal lavage fluid and serum from mice with CLP-induced sepsis. We also observed that the levels of BLT2 as well as 5-LO and 12-LO, which are synthesizing enzymes for LTB4 and 12(S)-HETE, were significantly increased in lung and liver tissues in the CLP mouse model. Blockade of BLT2 markedly suppressed the production of sepsis-associated cytokines (IL-6 [interleukin-6], TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor alpha], and IL-1β [interleukin-1β] as well as IL-17 [interleukin-17]) and alleviated lung inflammation in the CLP group. Taken together, our results suggest that BLT2 cascade contributes to lung inflammation in CLP-induced sepsis by mediating the production of inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that BLT2 may be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - MyungJa Ro
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - A-Jin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yunro Chung
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Sepsis morbidity and mortality exacts a toll on patients and contributes significantly to healthcare costs. Preclinical models of sepsis have been used to study disease pathogenesis and test new therapies, but divergent outcomes have been observed with the same treatment even when using the same sepsis model. Other disorders such as diabetes, cancer, malaria, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases have used standardized, preclinical models that allow laboratories to compare results. Standardized models accelerate the pace of research and such models have been used to test new therapies or changes in treatment guidelines. The National Institutes of Health mandated that investigators increase data reproducibility and the rigor of scientific experiments and has also issued research funding announcements about the development and refinement of standardized models. Our premise is that refinement and standardization of preclinical sepsis models may accelerate the development and testing of potential therapeutics for human sepsis, as has been the case with preclinical models for other disorders. As a first step toward creating standardized models, we suggest standardizing the technical standards of the widely used cecal ligation and puncture model and creating a list of appropriate organ injury and immune dysfunction parameters. Standardized sepsis models could enhance reproducibility and allow comparison of results between laboratories and may accelerate our understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Immunomodulatory activity of hyaluronidase is associated with metabolic adaptations during acute inflammation. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:105-113. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
5
|
Honokiol Increases CD4+ T Cell Activation and Decreases TNF but Fails to Improve Survival Following Sepsis. Shock 2019; 50:178-186. [PMID: 29023360 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol is a biphenolic isolate extracted from the bark of the magnolia tree that has been used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, and has more recently been investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Honokiol has previously been demonstrated to improve survival in sepsis models that have rapid 100% lethality. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Honokiol on the host response in a model of sepsis that more closely approximates human disease. Male and female C57BL/6 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture to induce polymicrobial intra-abdominal sepsis. Mice were then randomized to receive an injection of either Honokiol (120 mg/kg/day) or vehicle and were sacrificed after 24 h for functional studies or followed 7 days for survival. Honokiol treatment after sepsis increased the frequency of CD4 T cells and increased activation of CD4 T cells as measured by the activation marker CD69. Honokiol also increased splenic dendritic cells. Honokiol simultaneously decreased frequency and number of CD8 T cells. Honokiol decreased systemic tumor necrosis factor without impacting other systemic cytokines. Honokiol did not have a detectable effect on kidney function, lung physiology, liver function, or intestinal integrity. In contrast to prior studies of Honokiol in a lethal model of sepsis, Honokiol did not alter survival at 7 days (70% mortality for Honokiol vs. 60% mortality for vehicle). Honokiol is thus effective in modulating the host immune response and inflammation following a clinically relevant model of sepsis but is not sufficient to alter survival.
Collapse
|
6
|
Role of the high-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor signaling in fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0202842. [PMID: 30818366 PMCID: PMC6394974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator that acts as a potent chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes. Kidney fibrosis is caused by migrating inflammatory cells and kidney-resident cells. Here, we examined the role of the high-affinity LTB4 receptor BLT1 during development of kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in wild-type (WT) mice and BLT1 knockout (BLT1-/-) mice. We found elevated expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which generates LTB4, in the renal tubules of UUO kidneys from WT mice and BLT1-/- mice. Accumulation of immunoreactive type I collagen in WT UUO kidneys increased over time; however, the increase was less prominent in BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. Accumulation of S100A4-positive fibroblasts increased temporally in WT UUO kidneys, but was again less pronounced in-BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. The same was true of mRNA encoding transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Finally, accumulation of F4/80-positive macrophages, which secrete TGF-β, increased temporally in WT UUO and BLT1-/- UUO kidneys, but to a lesser extent in the latter. Following LTB4 stimulation in vitro, macrophages showed increased expression of mRNA encoding TGF-β/FGF-2 and Col1a1, whereas L929 fibroblasts showed increased expression of mRNA encoding α smooth muscle actin (SMA). Bone marrow (BM) transplantation studies revealed that the area positive for type I collagen was significantly smaller in BLT1-/—BM→WT than in WT-BM→WT. Thus, LTB4-BLT1 signaling plays a critical role in fibrosis in UUO kidneys by increasing accumulation of macrophages and fibroblasts. Therefore, blocking BLT1 may prevent renal fibrosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Subramanian BC, Majumdar R, Parent CA. The role of the LTB 4-BLT1 axis in chemotactic gradient sensing and directed leukocyte migration. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:16-29. [PMID: 29042024 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Directed leukocyte migration is a hallmark of inflammatory immune responses. Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid and represent a class of potent lipid mediators of leukocyte migration. In this review, we summarize the essential steps leading to the production of LTB4 in leukocytes. We discuss the recent findings on the exosomal packaging and transport of LTB4 in the context of chemotactic gradients formation and regulation of leukocyte recruitment. We also discuss the dynamic roles of the LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, in mediating chemotactic signaling in leukocytes and contrast them to other structurally related leukotrienes that bind to distinct GPCRs. Finally, we highlight the specific roles of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in mediating signal-relay between chemotaxing neutrophils and its potential contribution to a wide variety of inflammatory conditions including tumor progression and metastasis, where LTB4 is emerging as a key signaling component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants SkQ1 and MitoTEMPO Failed to Exert a Long-Term Beneficial Effect in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6412682. [PMID: 29104729 PMCID: PMC5625755 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6412682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species have been deemed an important contributor in sepsis pathogenesis. We investigated whether two mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mtAOX; SkQ1 and MitoTEMPO) improved long-term outcome, lessened inflammation, and improved organ homeostasis in polymicrobial murine sepsis. 3-month-old female CD-1 mice (n = 90) underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and received SkQ1 (5 nmol/kg), MitoTEMPO (50 nmol/kg), or vehicle 5 times post-CLP. Separately, 52 SkQ1-treated CLP mice were sacrificed at 24 h and 48 h for additional endpoints. Neither MitoTEMPO nor SkQ1 exerted any protracted survival benefit. Conversely, SkQ1 exacerbated 28-day mortality by 29%. CLP induced release of 10 circulating cytokines, increased urea, ALT, and LDH, and decreased glucose but irrespectively of treatment. Similar occurred for CLP-induced lymphopenia/neutrophilia and the NO blood release. At 48 h post-CLP, dying mice had approximately 100-fold more CFUs in the spleen than survivors, but this was not SkQ1 related. At 48 h, macrophage and granulocyte counts increased in the peritoneal lavage but irrespectively of SkQ1. Similarly, hepatic mitophagy was not altered by SkQ1 at 24 h. The absence of survival benefit of mtAOX may be due to the extended treatment and/or a relatively moderate-risk-of-death CLP cohort. Long-term effect of mtAOX in abdominal sepsis appears different to sepsis/inflammation models arising from other body compartments.
Collapse
|
9
|
Oi N, Yamamoto H, Langfald A, Bai R, Lee MH, Bode AM, Dong Z. LTA4H regulates cell cycle and skin carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:728-737. [PMID: 28575166 PMCID: PMC6248358 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), a bifunctional zinc metallo-enzyme, is reportedly overexpressed in several human cancers. Our group has focused on LTA4H as a potential target for cancer prevention and/or therapy. In the present study, we report that LTA4H is a key regulator of cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase acting by negatively regulating p27 expression in skin cancer. We found that LTA4H is overexpressed in human skin cancer tissue. Knocking out LTA4H significantly reduced skin cancer development in the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiated/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted two-stage skin cancer mouse model. LTA4H depletion dramatically decreased anchorage-dependent and -independent skin cancer cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, our findings showed that depletion of LTA4H enhanced p27 protein stability, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of CDK2 at Thr160 and inhibition of the CDK2/cyclin E complex, resulting in down-regulated p27 ubiquitination. These findings indicate that LTA4H is critical for skin carcinogenesis and is an important mediator of cell cycle and the data begin to clarify the mechanisms of LTA4H's role in cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Oi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Alyssa Langfald
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ruihua Bai
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave. NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pleiotropic regulations of neutrophil receptors response to sepsis. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:197-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
11
|
Filgueiras LR, Brandt SL, Wang S, Wang Z, Morris DL, Evans-Molina C, Mirmira RG, Jancar S, Serezani CH. Leukotriene B4-mediated sterile inflammation promotes susceptibility to sepsis in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra10. [PMID: 25628460 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and enhanced susceptibility to systemic bacterial infection (sepsis). We hypothesized that low insulin concentrations in T1DM trigger the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) to produce the lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which triggers systemic inflammation that may increase susceptibility to polymicrobial sepsis. Consistent with chronic inflammation, peritoneal macrophages from two mouse models of T1DM had greater abundance of the adaptor MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88) and its direct transcriptional effector STAT-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) than macrophages from nondiabetic mice. Expression of Alox5, which encodes 5-LO, and the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were also increased in peritoneal macrophages and serum from T1DM mice. Insulin treatment reduced LTB4 concentrations in the circulation and Myd88 and Stat1 expression in the macrophages from T1DM mice. T1DM mice treated with a 5-LO inhibitor had reduced Myd88 mRNA in macrophages and increased abundance of IL-1 receptor antagonist and reduced production of IL-β in the circulation. T1DM mice lacking 5-LO or the receptor for LTB4 also produced less proinflammatory cytokines. Compared to wild-type or untreated diabetic mice, T1DM mice lacking the receptor for LTB4 or treated with a 5-LO inhibitor survived polymicrobial sepsis, had reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, and had decreased bacterial counts. These results uncover a role for LTB4 in promoting sterile inflammation in diabetes and the enhanced susceptibility to sepsis in T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Ribeiro Filgueiras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - Stephanie L Brandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Soujuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508, Brazil
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li XJ, Fu HY, Yi WJ, Zhao YJ, Wang J, Li JB, Wang JF, Deng XM. Dual role of leukotriene B4 receptor type 1 in experimental sepsis. J Surg Res 2014; 193:902-8. [PMID: 25439504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The controversial results from different studies suggested that leukocyte recruitment mediated by leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and its receptor might improve pathogen clearance, but might also aggravate organ injury during sepsis. The present study was performed to compare the effect of BLT1 ligand LTB4 and its antagonist U-75302 on the development of sepsis. METHODS Sepsis in mice was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mice were allocated into sham group, CLP group, U-75302 group, and LTB4 group. In the latter three groups, CLP mice were treated by intraperitoneal saline, U-75302, and LTB4, respectively. Their effect on the progression of sepsis were compared by histopathologic tests, level of systemic cytokines, counts of immune cells and bacterial clearance, and survival rate. RESULTS The histopathologic tests showed that U-75302 attenuated lung injury, whereas LTB4 aggravated liver injury. LTB4 increased the plasma levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and U-75302 increased the level of plasma interleukin-10. LTB4 increased whereas U-75302 reduced the neutrophil numbers in the peritoneal lavage fluid. LTB4 also increased the number of peritoneal and splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Bacterial clearance in blood and peritoneal lavage fluid was significantly enhanced in the LTB4 group. Both U-75302 and LTB4 did not change the survival rate significantly compared with vehicle, but mortality in the LTB4 group was significantly higher than in the U-75302 group. Dose response analyses were also performed to compare the effect of U-75302 and LTB4 at different doses. Different doses of both agents did not influence the survival rate of CLP mice. CONCLUSIONS U-75302 attenuates sepsis-induced organ injury, whereas LTB4 increases the leukocyte recruitment toward infection site, but LTB4 showed a more lethal effect than U-75302 during polymicrobial sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-jing Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-jun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-bao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paige M, Wang K, Burdick M, Park S, Cha J, Jeffery E, Sherman N, Shim YM. Role of leukotriene A4 hydrolase aminopeptidase in the pathogenesis of emphysema. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5059-68. [PMID: 24771855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is a bifunctional enzyme with epoxy hydrolase and aminopeptidase activities. We hypothesize that the LTA4H aminopeptidase activity alleviates neutrophilic inflammation, which contributes to cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema by clearing proline-glycine-proline (PGP), a triamino acid chemokine known to induce chemotaxis of neutrophils. To investigate the biological contributions made by the LTA4H aminopeptidase activity in CS-induced emphysema, we exposed wild-type mice to CS over 5 mo while treating them with a vehicle or a pharmaceutical agent (4MDM) that selectively augments the LTA4H aminopeptidase without affecting the bioproduction of leukotriene B4. Emphysematous phenotypes were assessed by premortem lung physiology with a small animal ventilator and by postmortem histologic morphometry. CS exposure acidified the airspaces and induced localization of the LTA4H protein into the nuclei of the epithelial cells. This resulted in accumulation of PGP in the airspaces by suppressing the LTA4H aminopeptidase activity. When the LTA4H aminopeptidase activity was selectively augmented by 4MDM, the levels of PGP in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs were significantly reduced without affecting the levels of leukotriene B4. This protected murine lungs from CS-induced emphysematous alveolar remodeling. In conclusion, CS exposure promotes the development of CS-induced emphysema by suppressing the enzymatic activities of the LTA4H aminopeptidase in lung tissues and accumulating PGP and neutrophils in the airspaces. However, restoring the leukotriene A4 aminopeptidase activity with a pharmaceutical agent protected murine lungs from developing CS-induced emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 22030
| | - Kan Wang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Marie Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Sunhye Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Josiah Cha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Erin Jeffery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Nicholas Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Y Michael Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Combination Therapy of 15-Epi-Lipoxin A4 With Antibiotics Protects Mice From Escherichia coli–Induced Sepsis*. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e288-95. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
15
|
Buckley CD, Gilroy DW, Serhan CN. Proresolving lipid mediators and mechanisms in the resolution of acute inflammation. Immunity 2014; 40:315-27. [PMID: 24656045 PMCID: PMC4004957 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses, like all biological cascades, are shaped by a delicate balance between positive and negative feedback loops. It is now clear that in addition to positive and negative checkpoints, the inflammatory cascade rather unexpectedly boasts an additional checkpoint, a family of chemicals that actively promote resolution and tissue repair without compromising host defense. Indeed, the resolution phase of inflammation is just as actively orchestrated and carefully choreographed as its induction and inhibition. In this review, we explore the immunological consequences of omega-3-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) and discuss their place within what is currently understood of the role of the arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins, lipoxins, and their natural C15-epimers. We propose that treatment of inflammation should not be restricted to the use of inhibitors of the acute cascade (antagonism) but broadened to take account of the enormous therapeutic potential of inducers (agonists) of the resolution phase of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2WD, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bodkin JV, Fernandes ES. TRPV1 and SP: key elements for sepsis outcome? Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1279-92. [PMID: 23145480 PMCID: PMC3838676 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sensory neurons play important roles in many disorders, including inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis. Sepsis is a potentially lethal systemic inflammatory reaction to a local bacterial infection, affecting thousands of patients annually. Although associated with a high mortality rate, sepsis outcome depends on the severity of systemic inflammation, which can be directly influenced by several factors, including the immune response of the patient. Currently, there is a lack of effective drugs to treat sepsis, and thus there is a need to develop new drugs to improve sepsis outcome. Several mediators involved in the formation of sepsis have now been identified, but the mechanisms underlying the pathology remain poorly understood. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor and the neuropeptide substance P (SP) have recently been demonstrated as important targets for sepsis and are located on sensory neurones and non-neuronal cells. Herein, we highlight and review the importance of sensory neurones for the modulation of sepsis, with specific focus on recent findings relating to TRPV1 and SP, with their distinct abilities to alter the transition from local to systemic inflammation and also modify the overall sepsis outcome. We also emphasize the protective role of TRPV1 in this context. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Neuropeptides. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-7.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fullerton JN, O'Brien AJ, Gilroy DW. Lipid mediators in immune dysfunction after severe inflammation. Trends Immunol 2013; 35:12-21. [PMID: 24268519 PMCID: PMC3884129 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant LM levels contribute to immune dysfunction in CI. Aberrance reflects dysregulation of inflammatory resolution pathways or their failure. Targeted manipulation of LMs restores immune competence and outcomes in animal models. Stratified resolution-based immunomodulatory strategies hold therapeutic potential.
Sepsis, trauma, burns, and major surgical procedures activate common systemic inflammatory pathways. Nosocomial infection, organ failure, and mortality in this patient population are associated with a quantitatively different reprioritization of the circulating leukocyte transcriptome to the initial inflammatory insult, greater in both magnitude and duration, and secondary to multiple observed defects in innate and adaptive immune function. Dysregulation of inflammatory resolution processes and associated bioactive lipid mediators (LMs) mechanistically contribute to this phenotype. Recent data indicate the potential efficacy of therapeutic interventions that either reduce immunosuppressive prostaglandins (PGs) or increase specialized proresolving LMs. Here, we reassess the potential for pharmacological manipulation of these LMs as therapeutic approaches for the treatment of critical illness (CI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James N Fullerton
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Alastair J O'Brien
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Sepsis remains a common, serious, and heterogeneous clinical entity that is difficult to define adequately. Despite its importance as a public health problem, efforts to develop and gain regulatory approval for a specific therapeutic agent for the adjuvant treatment of sepsis have been remarkably unsuccessful. One step in the critical pathway for the development of a new agent for adjuvant treatment of sepsis is evaluation in an appropriate animal model of the human condition. Unfortunately, the animal models that have been used for this purpose have often yielded misleading findings. It is likely that there are multiple reasons for the discrepancies between the results obtained in tests of pharmacological agents in animal models of sepsis and the outcomes of human clinical trials. One of important reason may be that the changes in gene expression, which are triggered by trauma or infection, are different in mice, a commonly used species for preclinical testing, and humans. Additionally, many species, including mice and baboons, are remarkably resistant to the toxic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, whereas humans are exquisitely sensitive. New approaches toward the use of animals for sepsis research are being investigated. But, at present, results from preclinical studies of new therapeutic agents for sepsis must be viewed with a degree of skepticism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P Fink
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Los Angeles, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carlos D, Spiller F, Souto FO, Trevelin SC, Borges VF, de Freitas A, Alves-Filho JC, Silva JS, Ryffel B, Cunha FQ. Histamine h2 receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of sepsis: studies in a murine diabetes model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1373-82. [PMID: 23817413 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes enhances susceptibility to infection and favors the sepsis development. In addition, diabetic mice produced higher levels of histamine in several tissues and in the blood after LPS stimulation than nondiabetic mice. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of mast cells (MCs) and histamine in neutrophil migration and, consequently, infection control in diabetic mice with mild sepsis (MS) induced by cecum ligation and puncture. We used female BALB/c, MC-sufficient (WB/B6), MC-deficient (W/W(v)), and NOD mice. Diabetic mice given MS displayed 100% mortality within 24 h, whereas all nondiabetic mice survived for at least 5 d. The mortality rate of diabetic mice was reduced to 57% after the depletion of MC granules with compound 48/80. Moreover, this pretreatment increased neutrophil migration to the focus of infection, which reduced systemic inflammatory response and bacteremia. The downregulation of CXCR2 and upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in neutrophils was prevented by pretreatment of diabetic mice given MS with compound 48/80. In addition, blocking the histamine H2 receptor restored neutrophil migration, enhanced CXCR2 expression, decreased bacteremia, and improved sepsis survival in alloxan-induced diabetic and spontaneous NOD mice. Finally, diabetic W/W(v) mice had neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity, increased CXCR2 expression, and reduced bacteremia compared with diabetic WB/B6 mice. These results demonstrate that histamine released by MCs reduces diabetic host resistance to septic peritonitis in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carlos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor decreases vasopressin release in the early phase of sepsis. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 238:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 regulates pulmonary host defense via neutrophil recruitment during Escherichia coli infection. Infect Immun 2011; 79:2567-77. [PMID: 21518788 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00067-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil accumulation is a critical event to clear bacteria. Since uncontrolled neutrophil recruitment can cause severe lung damage, understanding neutrophil trafficking mechanisms is important to attenuate neutrophil-mediated damage. While monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is known to be a monocyte chemoattractant, its role in pulmonary neutrophil-mediated host defense against Gram-negative bacterial infection is not understood. We hypothesized that MCP-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 is important for neutrophil-mediated host defense. Reduced bacterial clearance in the lungs was observed in MCP-1(-/-) mice following Escherichia coli infection. Neutrophil influx, along with cytokines/chemokines, leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 levels in the lungs, was reduced in MCP-1(-/-) mice after infection. E. coli-induced activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases in the lung was also reduced in MCP-1(-/-) mice. Administration of intratracheal recombinant MCP-1 (rMCP-1) to MCP-1(-/-) mice induced pulmonary neutrophil influx and cytokine/chemokine responses in the presence or absence of E. coli infection. Our in vitro migration experiment demonstrates MCP-1-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis. Notably, chemokine receptor 2 is expressed on lung and blood neutrophils, which are increased upon E. coli infection. Furthermore, our findings show that neutrophil depletion impairs E. coli clearance and that exogenous rMCP-1 after infection improves bacterial clearance in the lungs. Overall, these new findings demonstrate that E. coli-induced MCP-1 causes neutrophil recruitment directly via chemotaxis as well as indirectly via modulation of keratinocyte cell-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and LTB(4).
Collapse
|
22
|
Inhibition of Guanylyl Cyclase Restores Neutrophil Migration and Maintains Bactericidal Activity Increasing Survival in Sepsis. Shock 2011; 35:17-27. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181e37ea8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
23
|
Montelukast, a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 antagonist, reduces cerulein-induced pancreatic injury in rats. Pancreas 2010; 39:1041-6. [PMID: 20467345 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181db2dfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast against pancreatic injury during acute pancreatitis. METHODS Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by 20-μg/kg (intraperitoneal) cerulein given at 1-hour intervals within 4 hours. Montelukast was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg 15 minutes before the first cerulein injection. Six hours after the cerulein or saline injections, the animals were killed by decapitation. Blood samples were collected to analyze amylase, lipase, and the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. Pancreas tissues were taken for the determination of tissue glutathione and malondialdehyde levels and Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities. The extent of tissue injury was analyzed microscopically. RESULTS Acute pancreatitis caused significant decreases in tissue glutathione level and Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase activity, which were accompanied with significant increases in the pancreatic malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity, and plasma cytokine level. On the other hand, montelukast treatment reversed all these biochemical indices and histopathological alterations that were induced by cerulein. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cysteinyl leukotrienes may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and that the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast, might be of therapeutic value for treatment of acute pancreatitis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Coffey M, Phare S, Peters-Golden M. INDUCTION OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE/INTERFERON GAMMA AND SEPSIS DOWN-REGULATES 5-LIPOXYGENASE METABOLISM IN MURINE ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES. Exp Lung Res 2009; 30:615-33. [PMID: 15371096 DOI: 10.1080/01902140490476391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppresses rat alveolar macrophage leukotriene synthesis in a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. The authors examined the effect of NO on alveolar macrophage leukotriene synthesis following in vitro and in vivo models of sepsis. Treatment of alveolar macrophages from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) wild-type but not knock-out mice with LPS inhibited leukotriene synthesis. iNOS was induced early in alveolar macrophages from cecal ligation and puncture rats and mice compared to sham animals with associated reduced leukotriene synthesis. iNOS knock-out mice were protected from the decrease in alveolar macrophage 5-lipoxygenase metabolism. iNOS regulates alveolar macrophage 5-lipoxygenase metabolism following endotoxin exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Coffey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0642, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bruhn FHP, Corrêa PBF, Oliveira-Pelegrin GR, Rocha MJA. Blocking systemic nitric oxide production alters neuronal activation in brain structures involved in cardiovascular regulation during polymicrobial sepsis. Neurosci Lett 2009; 453:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Stover CM, Luckett JC, Echtenacher B, Dupont A, Figgitt SE, Brown J, Männel DN, Schwaeble WJ. Properdin plays a protective role in polymicrobial septic peritonitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:3313-8. [PMID: 18292556 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Properdin is a positive regulator of complement activation so far known to be instrumental in the survival of infections with certain serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis. We have generated a fully backcrossed properdin-deficient mouse line by conventional gene-specific targeting. In vitro, properdin-deficient serum is impaired in alternative pathway-dependent generation of complement fragment C3b when activated by Escherichia coli DH5alpha. Properdin-deficient mice and wild-type littermates compare in their levels of C3 and IgM. In an in vivo model of polymicrobial septic peritonitis induced by sublethal cecal ligation and puncture, properdin-deficient mice appear immunocompromised, because they are significantly impaired in their survival compared with wild-type littermates. We further show that properdin localizes to mast cells and that properdin has the ability to directly associate with E. coli DH5alpha. We conclude that properdin plays a significant role in the outcome of polymicrobial sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cordula M Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
LEUKOTRIENE B4/LEUKOTRIENE B4 RECEPTOR PATHWAY IS INVOLVED IN HEPATIC MICROCIRCULATORY DYSFUNCTION ELICITED BY ENDOTOXIN. Shock 2008; 30:87-91. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31815d06a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
28
|
Ren Y, Xie Y, Jiang G, Fan J, Yeung J, Li W, Tam PKH, Savill J. Apoptotic cells protect mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:4978-85. [PMID: 18354223 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
LPS is a main causative agent of septic shock. There is a lack of effective therapies. In vitro studies have shown that uptake of apoptotic cells actively inhibits the secretion by activated macrophages (Mphi) of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and that such uptake increases the antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-beta. We therefore investigated the protective effect of apoptotic cells against LPS-induced endotoxic shock in mice. The current report is the first study to demonstrate that administration of apoptotic cells can protect mice from LPS-induced death, even when apoptotic cells were administered 24 h after LPS challenge. The beneficial effects of administration of apoptotic cells included 1) reduced circulating proinflammatory cytokines, 2) suppression of polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in target organs, and 3) decreased serum LPS levels. LPS can quickly bind to apoptotic cells and these LPS-coated apoptotic cells can be recognized and cleared by Mphi in a CD14/thrombospondin/vitronectin receptor-dependent manner, accompanied with suppression of TNF-alpha and enhancement of IL-10 expression by LPS-activated Mphi. Apoptotic cells may therefore have therapeutic potential for the treatment of septic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bélanger C, Elimam H, Lefebvre J, Borgeat P, Marleau S. Involvement of endogenous leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor in polymorphonuclear leucocyte recruitment to dermal inflammatory sites in rats. Immunology 2008; 124:295-303. [PMID: 18217950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical role for leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) and/or platelet-activating factor (PAF) in regulating polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) trafficking to inflammatory sites has been reported in a number of experimental inflammatory models. In vitro, newly synthesized LTB(4) and PAF were shown to act in an autocrine/paracrine or intracrine fashion to enhance intracellular arachidonic acid availability and leukotriene biosynthesis. This suggested potentially cooperative effects of these lipid mediators in regulating PMN extravasation. The present study aimed to elucidate whether endogenous LTB(4) and PAF may both act to regulate plasma extravasation and PMN trafficking to inflammatory sites in experimental inflammation. With this aim, we have used selective and potent PAF and LTB(4) receptor antagonist pretreatments in dermal and pulmonary inflammation models in rats. Our results show additive inhibitory effects of dual LTB(4) and PAF receptor blockade in either PAF- or LTB(4)-elicited cutaneous PMN accumulation compared to single-drug administration. Furthermore, the combined administration of the drugs inhibited the PMN accumulation induced by the chemically unrelated soluble agonists tumour necrosis factor-alpha and C5a. Finally, in a model of pulmonary inflammation induced by the intravenous injection of Sephadex beads, lung neutrophilia was reduced by 63% following the administration of LTB(4) and PAF antagonists, in contrast with the lack of effect of single drug administration. Our results strongly support a role of both endogenous LTB(4) and PAF in regulating PMN trafficking to inflammatory sites in various experimental conditions.
Collapse
|
30
|
van Till JWO, van Veen SQ, van Ruler O, Lamme B, Gouma DJ, Boermeester MA. The innate immune response to secondary peritonitis. Shock 2007; 28:504-17. [PMID: 17589378 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318063e6ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Secondary peritonitis continues to cause high morbidity and mortality despite improvements in medical and surgical therapy. This review combines data from published literature, focusing on molecular patterns of inflammation in pathophysiology and prognosis during peritonitis. Orchestration of the innate immune response is essential. To clear the microbial infection, activation and attraction of leukocytes are essential and beneficial, just like the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Exaggeration of these inflammatory systems leads to tissue damage and organ failure. Nonsurvivors have increased proinflammation, complement activation, coagulation, and chemotaxis. In these patients, anti-inflammatory systems are decreased in blood and lungs, whereas the abdominal compartment shows decreased neutrophil activation and decreased or stationary chemokine and cytokine levels. A later down-regulation of proinflammatory mediators with concomitant overexpression of anti-inflammatory mediators leads to immunoparalysis and failure to clear residual bacterial load, resulting in the occurrence of superimposed infections. Thus, in patients with adverse outcome, the inflammatory reaction is no longer contained within the abdomen, and the inflammatory response has shifted to other compartments. For the understanding of the host response to secondary peritonitis, it is essential to realize that the defense systems presumably are expressed differently and, in part, autonomously in different compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Olivier van Till
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Torres-Dueñas D, Celes MRN, Freitas A, Alves-Filho JC, Spiller F, Dal-Secco D, Dalto VF, Rossi MA, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ. Peroxynitrite mediates the failure of neutrophil migration in severe polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:341-52. [PMID: 17641671 PMCID: PMC2042948 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response resulting from the inability of the host to restrict local infection. The failure of neutrophil migration to the infection site is one of the mechanisms involved in this process. Recently, it was demonstrated that this event is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). The present study addresses the possibility that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), a NO-derived powerful oxidizing and nitrating compound, could also be involved in neutrophil migration failure. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to moderate (MSI) or severe (SSI) septic injury, both induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the mesentery was evaluated by intravital microscopy. Cytokines (TNF-alpha and MIP-1alpha) were measured by ELISA and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) by immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS Compared with saline pretreatment of SSI mice, pre-treatment with uric acid, a ONOO(-) scavenger, partially restored the failure of neutrophil rolling, adhesion and migration to the site of infection. These mice also presented low circulating bacterial counts and diminished systemic inflammatory response. Pretreatment with uric acid reduced 3-NT labelling in leukocytes in mesenteric tissues and in neutrophils obtained from peritoneal exudates. Finally, uric acid pretreatment enhanced significantly the survival rate in the SSI mice. Similarly, treatment with FeTPPs, a more specific ONOO(-) scavenger, re-established neutrophil migration and increased mice survival rate. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that ONOO(-) contributed to the reduction of neutrophil/endothelium interaction and the consequent failure of neutrophil migration into infection foci and hence susceptibility to severe sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Torres-Dueñas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Bucaramanga, University Autonoma of Bucaramanga, UNAB Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M R N Celes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Freitas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Dal-Secco
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V F Dalto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rios-Santos F, Alves-Filho JC, Souto FO, Spiller F, Freitas A, Lotufo CMC, Soares MBP, Dos Santos RR, Teixeira MM, Cunha FDQ. Down-regulation of CXCR2 on neutrophils in severe sepsis is mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 175:490-7. [PMID: 17138957 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200601-103oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The failure of neutrophils to migrate to an infection focus during severe sepsis is an important determinant of the inability of a host to deal with an infectious insult. Our laboratory has shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction and NO production contribute to the failure of neutrophils to migrate in the context of sepsis. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We investigated whether CXCR2 expression contributed to the failure of neutrophils to migrate during severe sepsis and the role of NO in modulating CXCR2 expression on neutrophils in mice subjected to nonsevere (NS) or severe (S) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). RESULTS Neutrophil migration to the infection focus was deficient in S-CLP mice, a phenomenon prevented by pharmacologic (aminoguanidine, l-canavanine) or genetic (iNOS gene deletion) inhibition of iNOS. The expression of CXCR2 on neutrophils from S-CLP mice was significantly reduced when compared with neutrophils from NS-CLP or sham-operated mice. CXCR2 expression was reestablished by pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of iNOS. Immunofluorescence and confocal analysis revealed that iNOS blockade reduced neutrophil CXCR2 internalization. Adhesion and emigration of neutrophils in macrophage inflammatory protein-2-stimulated mesentery microcirculation were reduced in S-CLP mice, compared with NS-CLP mice, and reestablished by pretreatment with aminoguanidine or l-canavanine. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine inhibited CXCL8-induced human neutrophil chemotaxis and CXCR2 expression on human and murine neutrophils. CONCLUSION These results highlight evidences that the failure of neutrophils to migrate to an infection focus during severe sepsis is associated with excessive NO production and NO-dependent regulation of the expression of CXCR2 on the neutrophil surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Rios-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moreno SE, Alves-Filho JC, Alfaya TM, da Silva JS, Ferreira SH, Liew FY. IL-12, but not IL-18, is critical to neutrophil activation and resistance to polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:3218-24. [PMID: 16920961 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response resulting from local infection due, at least in part, to impaired neutrophil migration. IL-12 and IL-18 play an important role in neutrophil migration. We have investigated the mechanism and relative role of IL-12 and IL-18 in polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Wild-type (WT) and IL-18(-/-) mice were resistant to sublethal CLP (SL-CLP) sepsis. In contrast, IL-12(-/-) mice were susceptible to SL-CLP sepsis with high bacteria load in peritoneal cavity and systemic inflammation (serum TNF-alpha and lung neutrophil infiltration). The magnitude of these events was similar to those observed in WT mice with lethal CLP sepsis. The inability of IL-12(-/-) mice to restrict the infection was not due to impairment of neutrophil migration, but correlated with decrease of phagocytosis, NO production, and microbicidal activities of their neutrophils, and with reduction of systemic IFN-gamma synthesis. Consistent with this observation, IFN-gamma(-/-) mice were as susceptible to SL-CLP as IL-12(-/-) mice. Moreover, addition of IFN-gamma to cultures of neutrophils from IL-12(-/-) mice restored their phagocytic, microbicidal activities and NO production. Mortality of IL-12(-/-) mice to SL-CLP was prevented by treatment with IFN-gamma. Thus we show that IL-12, but not IL-18, is critical to an efficient host defense in polymicrobial sepsis. IL-12 acts through induction of IFN-gamma and stimulation of phagocytic and microbicidal activities of neutrophils, rather than neutrophil migration per se. Our data therefore provide further insight into the defense mechanism against this critical area of infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana E Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moreno SE, Alves-Filho JC, Rios-Santos F, Silva JS, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, Teixeira MM. Signaling via platelet-activating factor receptors accounts for the impairment of neutrophil migration in polymicrobial sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:1264-71. [PMID: 16818786 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that results from the inability of the immune system to limit bacterial spread during an ongoing infection. Recently, we have documented an impaired neutrophil migration toward the infectious focus in severe sepsis. This impairment seems to be mediated by circulating cytokines, chemokines, and NO. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays an important role in the orchestration of different inflammatory reactions, including the release of cytokines, chemokines, and free radicals. Using a PAFR antagonist, PCA-4248, and PAFR-deficient mice, we investigated whether signaling via PAFR was relevant for the failure of neutrophils to migrate to the site of infection after lethal sepsis caused by cecum ligation and puncture in mice. In PAFR-deficient mice or mice pretreated with PCA-4248 (5 mg/kg) and subjected to lethal sepsis, neutrophil migration failure was prevented, and bacterial clearance was more efficient. There was also reduced systemic inflammation (low serum cytokine levels), lower nitrate levels in plasma, and higher survival rate. Altogether, the results firmly establish a role for PAFR in mediating the early impairment of neutrophil migration toward the infectious focus. Blockade of PAFR may prevent the establishment of severe sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana E Moreno
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alves-Filho JC, de Freitas A, Russo M, Cunha FQ. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling leads to neutrophil migration impairment in polymicrobial sepsis*. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:461-70. [PMID: 16424729 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000198527.71819.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have documented an impaired neutrophil migration toward the infectious focus in severe sepsis. This phenomenon appears to be mediated by nitric oxide, the release of which is stimulated by circulating inflammatory cytokines released by immune cells after stimulation by bacteria and/or their products. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the major recognition receptor for lipopolysaccharide, a component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. In the present study, we investigated whether TLR4 is involved in the failure of neutrophil migration in mice subjected to polymicrobial or Gram-negative sepsis. DESIGN Controlled animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male C3H/HeJ (TLR4-deficient) and C3H/HePas (TLR4-normal) mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were subjected to sublethal or lethal polymicrobial sepsis, both induced by cecal ligation and puncture or intraperitoneal polymicrobial inoculation, and subjected to sublethal Gram-negative sepsis induced by intraperitoneal Salmonella typhimurium inoculation (GNI). Survival was monitored for 5 days. In separate experiments, mice were killed 6 hrs after sepsis induction, and intraperitoneal neutrophil migration, bacteremia, lung neutrophil sequestration, and levels of cytokines, chemokines, and nitrate were evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS TLR4-deficient (C3H/HeJ) mice presented incapacity to promote neutrophil recruitment to the infectious site after sublethal GNI, resulting in high mortality. However, TLR4 signaling is not essential to display neutrophil migration in sublethal polymicrobial sepsis induced by both cecal ligation and puncture and polymicrobial inoculation models, but surprisingly, it is crucial to establish the impairment of neutrophil migration in lethal polymicrobial sepsis, since TLR4-deficient mice that underwent lethal cecal ligation and puncture or polymicrobial inoculation did not present failure of neutrophil migration to infectious focus. As a consequence, these animals presented low bacteremia and a high survival rate and did not display systemic inflammation, determined by high levels of circulating cytokines and lung neutrophil sequestration and chemokine production. CONCLUSION These results highlight the harmful role of TLR4 signaling in polymicrobial severe sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Serio KJ, Reddy KV, Bigby TD. Lipopolysaccharide induces 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein gene expression in THP-1 cells via a NF-κB and C/EBP-mediated mechanism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 288:C1125-33. [PMID: 15625306 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00296.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined induced expression of the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), which is critical for leukotriene synthesis in mononuclear phagocytes. Prolonged exposure to the bacterial component, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), increased FLAP gene transcription, mRNA expression, and protein expression in the human monocyte-like THP-1 cell line. Activation and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway modulated LPS induction of FLAP gene expression. An NF-κB-mediated mechanism of action was supported by overexpression of dominant-negative IκBα and p50/p65 proteins. EMSA/supershift and DNase I footprint analyses revealed that p50 binds to an NF-κB site located in the proximal FLAP promoter, while chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that LPS induced binding of p50 but not of p65. Moreover, EMSA/supershift analyses demonstrated that LPS induced time-dependent binding of THP-1 nuclear extracts (containing p50) to this promoter region. Mutation of the NF-κB site decreased basal promoter activity and abolished the p50- and p65-associated induction. EMSA/supershift analyses also demonstrated that LPS induced binding of THP-1 nuclear extracts [containing CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-α, -δ, and -ε] to a C/EBP site located adjacent to the NF-κB site in the FLAP promoter. We conclude that LPS enhances FLAP gene expression via both NF-κB- and C/EBP-mediated transcriptional mechanisms in mononuclear phagocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Serio
- Dept. of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Leite MS, Pacheco P, Gomes RN, Guedes AT, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Bozza PT, Koatz VLG. MECHANISMS OF INCREASED SURVIVAL AFTER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED ENDOTOXIC SHOCK IN MICE CONSUMING OLIVE OIL-ENRICHED DIET. Shock 2005; 23:173-8. [PMID: 15665734 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000148072.12094.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the impact of dietary fatty acid intake on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. C57Bl/6J mice were fed for 6 weeks with a commercial laboratory chow (CC) or with test chows containing 7% (w/w) canola oil (CO), sesame oil (SeO), soybean oil (SO), or virgin olive oil (OO). The increase in body weight and energy consumption were similar for all diets tested. In the sixth week, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 400 microg of bacterial LPS to induce endotoxic shock. LPS induced a massive neutrophil infiltration into the peritoneal cavity and an increase in lipid body (LB) formation in leukocytes recovered from the peritoneal fluid of mice fed with CC, CO, SeO, or SO. In addition, there were increases in prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), leukotriene B4 (LTB(4)), and cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 in peritoneal lavage, as well as in plasma TNF-alpha. In contrast, mice fed with OO exhibited reduced neutrophil accumulation and LB formation, and also had lower levels of PGE(2), LTB(4), MCP-1, and TNF-alpha. All mice fed with CC, CO, SeO, or SO died within 48 to 72 h after LPS injection. Interestingly, mice fed with the OO diet were resistant to endotoxic shock, with 60% survival at 168 h. These data indicate that intake of OO may have a beneficial role, reducing the magnitude of the inflammatory process triggered by endotoxic shock through modulation of LB formation and of the production of inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milane S Leite
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Benjamim CF, Canetti C, Cunha FQ, Kunkel SL, Peters-Golden M. Opposing and Hierarchical Roles of Leukotrienes in Local Innate Immune versus Vascular Responses in a Model of Sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:1616-20. [PMID: 15661924 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)-derived leukotrienes (LTs) influence both local innate immunity and vascular responses, but the relative importance of effects on these two processes in sepsis is unknown. In a cecal ligation and puncture model of peritonitis with severe sepsis, 5-LO(-/-) mice showed a reduction in peritoneal neutrophil accumulation and an increase in the number of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity. Despite this impairment of local innate immunity, the null mice exhibited a marked improvement in survival, and this protection was also seen in wild-type animals treated with the LT synthesis inhibitor MK 886. A survival advantage in severe sepsis was also observed in mice treated with the cysteinyl-LT receptor antagonist MK 571, but not with the LTB(4) receptor antagonist CP 105, 696. Protection in the 5-LO(-/-) mice was associated with reduced vascular leak and serum lactate levels. Moreover, wild-type mice treated with MK 571 exhibited less sepsis-induced hypotension. These data demonstrate opposing effects of cysteinyl-LTs on innate immune vs hemodynamic responses, demonstrating protective effects on local immunity and deleterious effects on the vasculature. They also suggest the possible therapeutic utility of targeting vascular events in sepsis with cysteinyl-LT blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia F Benjamim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cuschieri J, Bulmus V, Gourlay D, Garcia I, Hoffman A, Stayton P, Maier RV. Modulation of macrophage responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide by IRAK-1 manipulation. Shock 2004; 21:182-8. [PMID: 14752294 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000111828.07309.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Local activation of the macrophage by endotoxin is essential for the eradication of invasive gram-negative infections. Circulating endotoxin at lower concentrations results in immune cell activation at distant sites leading to tissue injury. Although the cellular mechanisms involved in these potentially dissimilar events are incomplete, it appears that the proximal kinase IRAK-1 plays a role. Thus, sense and antisense IRAK-1 oligonucleotides were used to determine the role IRAK-1 plays in macrophage activation by systemic (1-100 ng/mL) and local (1000 ng/mL) concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) within THP-1 cells. Within the sense group, 1-1000 ng/mL of LPS within the sense group resulted in cellular activation of ERK-1/2, p38, and JNK/SAPK and the nuclear activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. This activation was associated with proinflammatory cytokine production and cellular spreading. Systemic concentrations of LPS within the antisense group were associated with significant attenuation of intracellular signaling, cytokine production, and cellular spreading compared with the sense group. Local concentrations of LPS within the antisense group, however, were associated only with a delay in intracellular signaling, with no effect on cytokine production or cell spreading compared with the sense group. Based on these results, it appears that IRAK-1 is essential to macrophage activation at systemic, but not local, concentrations of LPS. These data suggest that redundant pathways exist that are functional at higher concentrations of LPS. Therefore, IRAK-1 appears to be the central kinase involved in the activation of the macrophage at distant sites during septic shock but is not necessary for activation in areas of local infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cuschieri
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|