1
|
Lizotte F, Rousseau M, Denhez B, Lévesque D, Guay A, Liu H, Moreau J, Higgins S, Sabbagh R, Susztak K, Boisvert FM, Côté AM, Geraldes P. Deletion of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 restores SUMOylation of podocin and reverses the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2023; 104:787-802. [PMID: 37507049 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Both clinical and experimental data suggest that podocyte injury is involved in the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although the mechanisms underlying the development of podocyte loss are not completely understood, critical structural proteins such as podocin play a major role in podocyte survival and function. We have reported that the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 expression increased in podocytes of diabetic mice and glomeruli of patients with diabetes. However, the in vivo contribution of SHP-1 in podocytes is unknown. Conditional podocyte-specific SHP-1-deficient mice (Podo-SHP-1-/-) were generated to evaluate the impact of SHP-1 deletion at four weeks of age (early) prior to the onset of diabetes and after 20 weeks (late) of diabetes (DM; Ins2+/C96Y) on kidney function (albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate) and kidney pathology. Ablation of the SHP-1 gene specifically in podocytes prevented and even reversed the elevated albumin/creatinine ratio, glomerular filtration rate progression, mesangial cell expansion, glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular basement membrane thickening and podocyte foot process effacement induced by diabetes. Moreover, podocyte-specific deletion of SHP-1 at an early and late stage prevented diabetes-induced expression of collagen IV, fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β, transforming protein RhoA, and serine/threonine kinase ROCK1, whereas it restored nephrin, podocin and cation channel TRPC6 expression. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that SHP-1 reduced SUMO2 post-translational modification of podocin while podocyte-specific deletion of SHP-1 preserved slit diaphragm protein complexes in the diabetic context. Thus, our data uncovered a new role of SHP-1 in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and slit diaphragm protein expression/stability, and its inhibition preserved podocyte function preventing DKD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Lizotte
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marina Rousseau
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Denhez
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Lévesque
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Guay
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - HongBo Liu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn/CHOP Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie Moreau
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Higgins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Sabbagh
- Department of Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn/CHOP Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Anne Marie Côté
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hayashi K. Targeting DNA Methylation in Podocytes to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease. Keio J Med 2023; 72:67-76. [PMID: 37271519 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2022-0017-ir] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the rise worldwide, and there is urgent need for the development of effective plans against the increasing incidence of CKD. Podocytes, glomerular epithelial cells, are an integral part of the primary filtration unit of the kidney and form a slit membrane as a barrier to prevent proteinuria. The role of podocytes in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD is now recognized. Podocyte function depends on a specialized morphology with the arranged foot processes, which is directly related to their function. Epigenetic changes responsible for the regulation of gene expression related to podocyte morphology have been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of CKD. Although epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-based regulation, we have focused on DNA methylation changes because they are more stable than other epigenetic modifications. This review summarizes recent literature about the role of altered DNA methylation in the kidney, especially in glomerular podocytes, focusing on transcription factors and DNA damage responses that are closely associated with the formation of DNA methylation changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Son HE, Yun G, Kwon EJ, Park S, Jeong JC, Kim S, Na KY, Paik JH, Chin HJ. Outcomes of minimal change disease without nephrotic range proteinuria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289870. [PMID: 37590275 PMCID: PMC10434851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD) is characterized by edema and nephrotic range proteinuria (NS). However, the fate of MCD without nephrotic proteinuria requires elucidation. We retrospectively reviewed 79 adults diagnosed with primary MCD at their initial renal biopsy at a tertiary hospital between May 2003 and June 2017. Clinicopathologic features were compared between patients with and without NS. The frequency of flaring to nephrotic proteinuria and renal outcomes were assessed during follow-up. There were 20 and 59 patients in the Non-NS and NS groups, respectively. The Non-NS group had a lower frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) during the follow-up period [5.0% vs. 59.3%, p <0.001]. The response rate to steroid treatment was 100% in the Non-NS group and 92.3% in the NS group (p = 1.000). Except for one patient, the Non-NS group was treated with steroids when their proteinuria increased to a nephrotic level. There were no differences in the frequency of the first relapse or the number of relapses among patients with initial remission from nephrotic range proteinuria. At the final visit, the complete remission rate was 73.4%. The estimated glomerular filtration rate during follow-up was significantly better in the NS group than the Non-NS group, given the higher rates of AKI at renal biopsy. The rates of renal events, end-stage renal disease, and mortality did not differ between the groups. Adult MCD patients with nephrotic and non-nephrotic range proteinuria showed similar outcomes. Accordingly, this population must be carefully managed, regardless of the amount of proteinuria at renal biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Giae Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-nam, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-nam, Korea
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-nam, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-nam, Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-nam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-nam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Paik
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-nam, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jun Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-nam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaga H, Matsumura H, Saito A, Saito M, Abe F, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Odaka M, Komatsuda A, Wakui H, Takahashi N. Comparative proteomic analysis of glomerular proteins in IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis with nephritis. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:21. [PMID: 37179321 PMCID: PMC10182656 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN) are related glomerular diseases characterized by marked similarities in immunological and histological findings. We herein performed a comparative proteomic analysis of glomerular proteins in IgAN and IgAVN. METHODS We used renal biopsy specimens from 6 IgAN patients without nephrotic syndrome (NS) (IgAN-I subgroup), 6 IgAN patients with NS (IgAN-II subgroup), 6 IgAVN patients with 0-8.0% of glomeruli with crescent formation (IgAVN-I subgroup), 6 IgAVN patients with 21.2-44.8% of glomeruli with crescent formation (IgAVN-II subgroup), 9 IgAVN patients without NS (IgAVN-III subgroup), 3 IgAVN patients with NS (IgAN-IV subgroup), and 5 control cases. Proteins were extracted from laser microdissected glomeruli and analyzed using mass spectrometry. The relative abundance of proteins was compared between groups. An immunohistochemical validation study was also performed. RESULTS More than 850 proteins with high confidence were identified. A principal component analysis revealed a clear separation between IgAN and IgAVN patients and control cases. In further analyses, 546 proteins that were matched with ≥ 2 peptides were selected. The levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), complements (C3, C4A, C5, and C9), complement factor H-related proteins (CFHR) 1 and 5, vitronectin, fibrinogen chains, and transforming growth factor-β inducible gene-h3 were higher (> 2.6 fold) in the IgAN and IgAVN subgroups than in the control group, whereas hornerin levels were lower (< 0.3 fold). Furthermore, C9 and CFHR1 levels were significantly higher in the IgAN group than in the IgAVN group. The abundance of some podocyte-associated proteins and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) proteins was significantly less in the IgAN-II subgroup than in the IgAN-I subgroup as well as in the IgAVN-IV subgroup than in the IgAVN-III subgroup. Among the IgAN and IgAVN subgroups, talin 1 was not detected in the IgAN-II subgroup. This result was supported by immunohistochemical findings. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest shared molecular mechanisms for glomerular injury in IgAN and IgAVN, except for enhanced glomerular complement activation in IgAN. Differences in the protein abundance of podocyte-associated and GBM proteins between IgAN and IgAVN patients with and without NS may be associated with the severity of proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kaga
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Matsumura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan.
| | - Ayano Saito
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masaya Saito
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Fumito Abe
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Masafumi Odaka
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Komatsuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ogachi Central Hospital, Yuzawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Wakui
- Emeritus Professor, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong F, Cai H, Fu J, Sun Z, Li Z, Bauman D, Wang L, Das B, Lee K, He JC. TYRO3 agonist as therapy for glomerular disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:165207. [PMID: 36454644 PMCID: PMC9870075 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury and loss are key drivers of primary and secondary glomerular diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We previously demonstrated the renoprotective role of protein S (PS) and its cognate tyrosine-protein kinase receptor, TYRO3, in models of FSGS and DKD and that their signaling exerts antiapoptotic and antiinflammatory effects to confer protection against podocyte loss. Among the 3 TAM receptors (TYRO3, AXL, and MER), only TYRO3 expression is largely restricted to podocytes, and glomerular TYRO3 mRNA expression negatively correlates with human glomerular disease progression. Therefore, we posited that the agonistic PS/TYRO3 signaling could serve as a potential therapeutic approach to attenuate glomerular disease progression. As PS function is not limited to TYRO3-mediated signal transduction but includes its anticoagulant activity, we focused on the development of TYRO3 agonists as an optimal therapeutic approach to glomerular disease. Among the small-molecule TYRO3 agonistic compounds screened, compound 10 (C-10) showed a selective activation of TYRO3 without any effects on AXL or MER. We also confirmed that C-10 directly binds to TYRO3, but not the other receptors. In vivo, C-10 attenuated proteinuria, glomerular injury, and podocyte loss in mouse models of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy and a db/db model of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, these renoprotective effects of C-10 were lost in Tyro3-knockout mice, indicating that C-10 is a selective agonist of TYRO3 activity that mitigates podocyte injury and glomerular disease. Therefore, C-10, a TYRO3 agonist, could be potentially developed as a new therapy for glomerular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Bauman
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lois Wang
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martins ALMDS, Bernardes AB, Ferreira VA, Wanderley DC, Araújo SDA, do Carmo Neto JR, da Silva CA, Lira RCP, Araújo LS, Dos Reis MA, Machado JR. In situ assessment of Mindin as a biomarker of podocyte lesions in diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284789. [PMID: 37130106 PMCID: PMC10153717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure worldwide. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, which culminate in morphological changes such as podocyte injury. Despite the complex diagnosis and pathogenesis, limited attempts have been made to establish new biomarkers for DN. The higher concentration of Mindin protein in the urine of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suggests that it plays a role in DN. Therefore, this study investigated whether in situ protein expression of Mindin can be considered a potential DN biomarker. Fifty renal biopsies from patients diagnosed with DN, 57 with nondiabetic glomerular diseases, including 17 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 14 with minimal lesion disease (MLD) and 27 with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), and 23 adult kidney samples from autopsies (control group) were evaluated for Mindin expression by immunohistochemistry. Podocyte density was inferred by Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) immunostaining, while foot process effacement was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the biomarker sensitivity/specificity. Low podocyte density and increased Mindin expression were observed in all cases of DN, regardless of their class. In the DN group, Mindin expression was significantly higher than that in the FSGS, MCD, IgAN and control groups. Higher Mindin expression was significantly positively correlated with foot process effacement only in class III DN cases. Furthermore, Mindin protein presented high specificity in the biopsies of patients with DN (p < 0.0001). Our data suggest that Mindin may play a role in DN pathogenesis and is a promising biomarker of podocyte lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Monteiro Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexia Borges Bernardes
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Verônica Aparecida Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David Campos Wanderley
- Institute of Nephropathology, Center for Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stanley de Almeida Araújo
- Institute of Nephropathology, Center for Electron Microscopy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Crislaine Aparecida da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Régia Caroline Peixoto Lira
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liliane Silvano Araújo
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia Dos Reis
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Jiang L, Liu XQ, Huang YB, Wang AL, Zeng HX, Gao L, Zhu QJ, Xia LL, Wu YG. Paeoniflorin binds to VEGFR2 to restore autophagy and inhibit apoptosis for podocyte protection in diabetic kidney disease through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154400. [PMID: 36049428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniflorin (PF) was found to exhibit renal protection from diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in previous trials, but its specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study furtherly explored the specific mechanism of PF in protect podocyte injury in DKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed the effects of PF on renal tissue and podocytes in DKD by constructing the vitro and vivo models after measuring the pharmacokinetic characteristics of PF. Target proteins of PF were found through target prediction, and verified by molecular docking, CESTA, and SPR, and then furtherly explored the downstream regulation mechanism related to podocyte autophagy and apoptosis by network prediction and co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, by using the target protein inhibitor in vivo and knocking down the target protein gene in vitro, it was verified that PF played a role in regulating autophagy and apoptosis through the target protein in diabetic nephropathy. RESULTS This study found that in STZ-induced mice model, PF could improve the renal biochemical and pathological damage and podocyte injure (p < 0.05), upregulate autophagy activity (p < 0.05), but inhibit apoptosis (p < 0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), predicted as the target of PF, directly bind with PF reflected by molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance detection. Animal studies demonstrated that VEGFR2 inhibitors have a protective effect similar to that of PF on DKD. Network prediction and co-immunoprecipitation further confirmed that VEGFR2 was able to bind PIK3CA to regulate PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, PF downregulated the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT (p < 0.05). In vitro, similarly to autophagy inhibitors, PF was also found to improve podocyte markers (p < 0.05) and autophagy activity (p < 0.05), decrease caspase 3 protein (p < 0.05) and further inhibited VEGFR2-PI3K-AKT activity (p < 0.05). Finally, the results of VEGFR2 knockdown were similar to the effect of PF in HG-stimulated podocytes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PF restores autophagy and inhibits apoptosis by targeting the VEGFR2-mediated PI3K-AKT pathway to improve renal injury in DKD, that provided a theoretical basis for PF treatment in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Yue-Bo Huang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - An-Li Wang
- Department of Infective Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Han-Xu Zeng
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Qi-Jin Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Xia
- Department of Infective Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China..
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Polydatin Ameliorates High Fructose-Induced Podocyte Oxidative Stress via Suppressing HIF-1α/NOX4 Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102202. [PMID: 36297636 PMCID: PMC9609044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term high fructose intake drives oxidative stress, causing glomerular podocyte injury. Polydatin, isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Polygonum cuspidatum, is used as an antioxidant agent that protects kidney function. However, it remains unclear how polydatin prevents oxidative stress-driven podocyte damage. In this study, polydatin attenuated high fructose-induced high expression of HIF-1α, inhibited NOX4-mediated stromal cell-derived factor-1α/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1α/CXCR4) axis activation, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in rat glomeruli and cultured podocytes. As a result, polydatin up-regulated nephrin and podocin, down-regulated transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6) in these animal and cell models. Moreover, the data from HIF-1α siRNA transfection showed that high fructose increased NOX4 expression and aggravated SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis activation in an HIF-1α-dependent manner, whereas polydatin down-regulated HIF-1α to inhibit NOX4 and suppressed SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis activation, ameliorating high fructose-induced podocyte oxidative stress and injury. These findings demonstrated that high fructose-driven HIF-1α/NOX4 pathway controlled podocyte oxidative stress damage. Intervention of this disturbance by polydatin could help the development of the therapeutic strategy to combat podocyte damage associated with high fructose diet.
Collapse
|
9
|
Heyman SN, Raz I, Dwyer JP, Weinberg Sibony R, Lewis JB, Abassi Z. Diabetic Proteinuria Revisited: Updated Physiologic Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182917. [PMID: 36139492 PMCID: PMC9496872 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria, a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy, reflects not only injury and dysfunction of the filtration apparatus, but is also affected by altered glomerular hemodynamics and hyperfiltration, as well as by the inability of renal tubular cells to fully retrieve filtered albumin. Albuminuria further plays a role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and the suppression of glomerular albumin leak is a key factor in its prevention. Although microalbuminuria is a classic manifestation of diabetic nephropathy, often progressing to macroalbuminuria or overt proteinuria over time, it does not always precede renal function loss in diabetes. The various components leading to diabetic albuminuria and their associations are herein reviewed, and the physiologic rationale and efficacy of therapeutic interventions that reduce glomerular hyperfiltration and proteinuria are discussed. With these perspectives, we propose that these measures should be initiated early, before microalbuminuria develops, as substantial renal injury may already be present in the absence of proteinuria. We further advocate that the inhibition of the renin–angiotensin axis or of sodium–glucose co-transport likely permits the administration of a normal recommended or even high-protein diet, highly desirable for sarcopenic diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N. Heyman
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9765422, Israel
- Division of Geriatrics, Herzog Hospital, Jerusalem 9765422, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Itamar Raz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9765422, Israel
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9124001, Israel
| | - Jamie P. Dwyer
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Julia B. Lewis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37011, USA
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lizotte F, Robillard S, Lavoie N, Rousseau M, Denhez B, Moreau J, Higgins S, Sabbagh R, Côté AM, Geraldes P. Enhanced SHP-1 Expression in Podocyturia Is Associated with Kidney Dysfunction in Patients with Diabetes. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1710-1719. [PMID: 36514736 PMCID: PMC9717659 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002152022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of end stage kidney disease worldwide. Despite significant advances in kidney care, there is a need to improve noninvasive techniques to predict the progression of kidney disease better for patients with diabetes. After injury, podocytes are shed in urine and may be used as a biologic tool. We previously reported that SHP-1 is upregulated in the kidney of diabetic mice, leading to podocyte dysfunction and loss. Our objective was to evaluate the expression levels of SHP-1 in urinary podocytes and kidney tissues of patients with diabetes. Methods In this prospective study, patients with and without diabetes were recruited for the quantification of SHP-1 in kidney tissues, urinary podocytes, and peripheral blood monocytes. Immunochemistry and mass spectrometry techniques were applied for kidney tissues. Urinary podocytes were counted, and expression of SHP-1 and podocyte markers were measured by quantitative PCR. Results A total of 66 participants (diabetic n=48, nondiabetic n=18) were included in the analyses. Diabetes was associated with increased SHP-1 expression in kidney tissues (P=0.03). Nephrin and podocin mRNA was not significantly increased in urinary podocytes from patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, whereas levels of SHP-1 mRNA expression significantly correlated with HbA1c and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Additionally, follow-up (up to 2 years post recruitment) evaluation indicated that SHP-1 mRNA expression continued to increase with eGFR decline. Conclusions Levels of SHP-1 in urinary podocytes may serve as an additional marker of glomerular disease progression in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Lizotte
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Robillard
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Lavoie
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marina Rousseau
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Denhez
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Moreau
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Higgins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Sabbagh
- Department of Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Côté
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:493-520. [PMID: 35415751 PMCID: PMC9008595 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, albuminuria is an important feature of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocytes play a key role in maintaining the permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and injury of the podocyte, leading to foot process (FP) effacement and podocyte loss, the unifying underlying mechanism of proteinuric glomerulopathies. The metabolic insult of hyperglycemia is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of DN, while insults leading to podocyte damage are poorly defined in other proteinuric glomerulopathies. However, shared mechanisms of podocyte damage have been identified. Herein, we will review the role of haemodynamic and oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, endocannabinoid (EC) hypertone, and both mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the podocyte damage, focussing particularly on their role in the pathogenesis of DN. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of podocyte injury may provide novel targets for treatment. Moreover, novel strategies for boosting podocyte repair may open the way to podocyte regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang Y, Chen B, Liu Z, Gong AY, Gunning WT, Ge Y, Malhotra D, Gohara AF, Dworkin LD, Gong R. Age-related GSK3β overexpression drives podocyte senescence and glomerular aging. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:141848. [PMID: 35166234 PMCID: PMC8843754 DOI: 10.1172/jci141848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy continues to increase, clinicians are challenged by age-related renal impairment that involves podocyte senescence and glomerulosclerosis. There is now compelling evidence that lithium has a potent antiaging activity that ameliorates brain aging and increases longevity in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. As the major molecular target of lithium action and a multitasking protein kinase recently implicated in a variety of renal diseases, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is overexpressed and hyperactive with age in glomerular podocytes, correlating with functional and histological signs of kidney aging. Moreover, podocyte-specific ablation of GSK3β substantially attenuated podocyte senescence and glomerular aging in mice. Mechanistically, key mediators of senescence signaling, such as p16INK4A and p53, contain high numbers of GSK3β consensus motifs, physically interact with GSK3β, and act as its putative substrates. In addition, therapeutic targeting of GSK3β by microdose lithium later in life reduced senescence signaling and delayed kidney aging in mice. Furthermore, in psychiatric patients, lithium carbonate therapy inhibited GSK3β activity and mitigated senescence signaling in urinary exfoliated podocytes and was associated with preservation of kidney function. Thus, GSK3β appears to play a key role in podocyte senescence by modulating senescence signaling and may be an actionable senostatic target to delay kidney aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yan Ge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and
| | | | | | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Agarwal S, Sudhini YR, Polat OK, Reiser J, Altintas MM. Renal cell markers: lighthouses for managing renal diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F715-F739. [PMID: 34632812 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00182.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys, one of the vital organs in our body, are responsible for maintaining whole body homeostasis. The complexity of renal function (e.g., filtration, reabsorption, fluid and electrolyte regulation, and urine production) demands diversity not only at the level of cell types but also in their overall distribution and structural framework within the kidney. To gain an in depth molecular-level understanding of the renal system, it is imperative to discern the components of kidney and the types of cells residing in each of the subregions. Recent developments in labeling, tracing, and imaging techniques have enabled us to mark, monitor, and identify these cells in vivo with high efficiency in a minimally invasive manner. In this review, we summarize different cell types, specific markers that are uniquely associated with those cell types, and their distribution in the kidney, which altogether make kidneys so special and different. Cellular sorting based on the presence of certain proteins on the cell surface allowed for the assignment of multiple markers for each cell type. However, different studies using different techniques have found contradictions in cell type-specific markers. Thus, the term "cell marker" might be imprecise and suboptimal, leading to uncertainty when interpreting the data. Therefore, we strongly believe that there is an unmet need to define the best cell markers for a cell type. Although the compendium of renal-selective marker proteins presented in this review is a resource that may be useful to researchers, we acknowledge that the list may not be necessarily exhaustive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Onur K Polat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramdin S, Naicker T, Pillay V, Singh SD, Baijnath S, Mkhwanazi BN, Govender N. Physiological characterization of an arginine vasopressin rat model of preeclampsia. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 68:55-69. [PMID: 34743622 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1981486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models have contributed greatly to our understanding of preeclampsia (PE) progression in humans, however to-date no model has been able to effectively replicate the clinical presentation of the disease. This study aimed to provide a thorough physiological characterization of the arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced rat model of PE to determine its applicability in studying the pathophysiology of PE. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were separated into four groups (n = 6 per group) viz., pregnant AVP, pregnant saline, non-pregnant AVP, and non-pregnant saline. All animals received a continuous dose of either AVP (150 ng/h) or saline via subcutaneous mini osmotic pumps for 18 days. Full physiological characterization of the model included measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and collecting urine and blood samples for biochemical analysis. AVP infusion significantly increased blood pressure and urinary protein levels in the pregnant rats (p < 0.05). Biochemical markers measured, differed significantly in the AVP-treated vs the pregnant saline groups (p < 0.05). Placental and individual pup weight decreased significantly in the pregnant AVP vs pregnant saline group (p < 0.05). The physiological and hematological data confirm the usefulness of this rat model in the study of PE, since AVP-induced vasoconstriction increases peripheral resistance and successfully mimics the pathological changes associated with PE development in humans.Abbreviations: PE: preeclampsia; AVP: arginine vasopressin; ISSHP: International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy; ACOG: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; RUPP: reduced uterine perfusion pressure; sFlt-1: soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PlGF: placental growth factor; AVP: arginine vasopressin; PAVP: pregnant AVP-treated; PS: pregnant saline; GD: gestational day; ALT: alanine transaminase; NAVP: non-pregnant AVP-treated; NS: non-pregnant saline; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; RBC: red blood cell; RAAS: renin-angiotensin aldosterone system; HELLP: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Ramdin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Virushka Pillay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sanil D Singh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Blessing N Mkhwanazi
- Discipline of Dietetics and Nutrition, College of Agriculture, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nalini Govender
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sugita E, Hayashi K, Hishikawa A, Itoh H. Epigenetic Alterations in Podocytes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759299. [PMID: 34630127 PMCID: PMC8497789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, epigenetic alterations have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Kidney podocytes, which are glomerular epithelial cells, are important cells that form a slit membrane—a barrier for proteinuria. Podocytes are terminally differentiated cells without cell division or replenishment abilities. Therefore, podocyte damage is suggested to be one of the key factors determining renal prognosis. Recent studies, including ours, suggest that epigenetic changes in podocytes are associated with chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, the association between DNA damage repair and epigenetic changes in diabetic podocytes has been demonstrated. Detection of podocyte DNA damage and epigenetic changes using human samples, such as kidney biopsy and urine-derived cells, may be a promising strategy for estimating kidney damage and renal prognoses in patients with diabetes. Targeting epigenetic podocyte changes and associated DNA damage may become a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and provide a possible prognostic marker in diabetic nephropathy. This review summarizes recent advances regarding epigenetic changes, especially DNA methylation, in podocytes in diabetic nephropathy and addresses detection of these alterations in human samples. Additionally, we focused on DNA damage, which is increased under high-glucose conditions and associated with the generation of epigenetic changes in podocytes. Furthermore, epigenetic memory in diabetes is discussed. Understanding the role of epigenetic changes in podocytes in diabetic nephropathy may be of great importance considering the increasing diabetic nephropathy patient population in an aging society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erina Sugita
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Hishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ren L, Wan R, Chen Z, Huo L, Zhu M, Yang Y, Chen Q, Zhang X, Wang X. Triptolide Alleviates Podocyte Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Kindlin-2 and EMT-Related TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1000-1012. [PMID: 34596829 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced chronic kidney diseases are widespread and decrease the quality of life for millions of affected individuals in China. To date, no therapies effectively alleviate these conditions. Triptolide, a traditionally used Chinese medicine, has shown promise in treating renal diseases. Here, the study aimed to decipher the exact mechanism by which it functions. It was hypothesized that triptolide might prevent the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocytes by activating the kindlin-2 and TGF-β/Smad pathways. Triptolide or telmisartan was intragastrically administered to 9-week-old db/db and dm/dm mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN) for 12 weeks. In addition, biochemical parameters and body weight were detected. WT-1, nephrin, podocin, E-cadherin, and α-SMA were determined by immunohistochemistry in the renal tissues of treated mice. Protein and mRNA expression of podocyte EMT markers, kindlin-2 and TGF-β/Smad, were analyzed to elucidate the underlying mechanism. It was observed that triptolide treatment relieved structural injuries and functional variations in diabetic mice. It also increased the protein and mRNA levels of nephrin, podocin, and E-cadherin and decreased the expression of α-SMA in diabetic mice. The protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, p-SMAD3, and kindlin-2 decreased in diabetic kidneys following triptolide treatment. The findings demonstrated that triptolide might protect podocytes during DN by inhibiting podocyte EMT through inactivation of kindlin-2, combined with the downregulation of P-SMAD3 in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Ren
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Renrui Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Huo
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deleersnijder D, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Sprangers B. Deconvolution of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Pathophysiology Using Transcriptomics Techniques. GLOMERULAR DISEASES 2021; 1:265-276. [PMID: 36751384 PMCID: PMC9677714 DOI: 10.1159/000518404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a histopathological pattern of renal injury and comprises a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions with different pathophysiology, clinical course, prognosis, and treatment. Nevertheless, subtype differentiation in clinical practice often remains challenging, and we currently lack reliable diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. The advent of new transcriptomics techniques in kidney research poses great potential in the identification of gene expression biomarkers that can be applied in clinical practice. Summary Transcriptomics techniques have been completely revolutionized in the last 2 decades, with the evolution from low-throughput reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization techniques to microarrays and next-generation sequencing techniques, including RNA-sequencing and single-cell transcriptomics. The integration of human gene expression profiles with functional in vitro and in vivo experiments provides a deeper mechanistic insight into the candidate genes, which enable the development of novel-targeted therapies. The correlation of gene expression profiles with clinical outcomes of large patient cohorts allows for the development of clinically applicable biomarkers that can aid in diagnosis and predict prognosis and therapy response. Finally, the integration of transcriptomics with other "omics" modalities creates a holistic view on disease pathophysiology. Key Messages New transcriptomics techniques allow high-throughput gene expression profiling of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The integration with clinical outcomes and fundamental mechanistic studies enables the discovery of new clinically useful biomarkers that will finally improve the clinical outcome of patients with FSGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Deleersnijder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,*Ben Sprangers,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Degree of foot process effacement in patients with genetic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a single-center analysis and review of the literature. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12008. [PMID: 34103591 PMCID: PMC8187362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has crucial implications for evaluating the risk of posttransplant recurrence. The degree of foot process effacement (FPE) on electron micrographs (EM) of native kidney biopsies can reportedly differentiate primary FSGS from secondary FSGS. However, no systematic evaluation of FPE in genetic FSGS has been performed. In this study, percentage of FPE and foot process width (FPW) in native kidney biopsies were analyzed in eight genetic FSGS patients and nine primary FSGS patients. All genetic FSGS patients showed segmental FPE up to 38% and FPW below 2000 nm, while all primary FSGS patients showed diffuse FPE above 88% and FPW above 3000 nm. We reviewed the literature which described the degree of FPE in genetic FSGS patients and identified 38 patients with a description of the degree of FPE. The degree of FPE in patients with mutations in the genes encoding proteins associated with slit diaphragm and cytoskeletal proteins was varied, while almost all patients with mutations in other FSGS genes showed segmental FPE. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the degree of FPE in native kidney biopsies may be useful for differentiating some genetic FSGS patients from primary FSGS patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen A, Xu J, Lai H, D'Agati VD, Guan TJ, Badal S, Liles J, He JC, Lee K. Inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 mitigates the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:430-441. [PMID: 33097961 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. Among the HIV-related kidney diseases, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a rapidly progressive renal disease characterized by collapsing focal glomerulosclerosis (GS), microcystic tubular dilation, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Although the incidence of end-stage renal disease due to HIVAN has dramatically decreased with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of CKD continues to increase in HIV-positive individuals. Recent studies have highlighted the role of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in driving kidney disease progression through the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and selective ASK-1 inhibitor GS-444217 was recently shown to reduce kidney injury and disease progression in various experimental models. Therefore we examined the efficacy of ASK1 antagonism by GS-444217 in the attenuation of HIVAN in Tg26 mice. METHODS GS-444217-supplemented rodent chow was administered in Tg26 mice at 4 weeks of age when mild GS and proteinuria were already established. After 6 weeks of treatment, the kidney function assessment and histological analyses were performed and compared between age- and gender-matched control Tg26 and GS-444217-treated Tg26 mice. RESULTS GS-444217 attenuated the development of GS, podocyte loss, tubular injury, interstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis in Tg26 mice. These improvements were accompanied by a marked reduction in albuminuria and improved renal function. Taken together, GS-4442217 attenuated the full spectrum of HIVAN pathology in Tg26 mice. CONCLUSIONS ASK1 signaling cascade is central to the development of HIVAN in Tg26 mice. Our results suggest that the select inhibition of ASK1 could be a potential adjunctive therapy for the treatment of HIVAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Han Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Tian-Jun Guan
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - John Liles
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - John C He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Kidney Center at James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gu TT, Zhang DM, Wan ZY, Li TS, Jiao RQ, Chen TY, Zhao XJ, Kong LD. Polydatin enhances glomerular podocyte autophagy homeostasis by improving Nrf2-dependent antioxidant capacity in fructose-fed rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111079. [PMID: 33189863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High fructose is considered a causative factor for oxidative stress and autophagy imbalance that cause kidney pathogenesis. Antioxidant polydatin isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum has been reported to protect against kidney injury. In this study, polydatin was found to ameliorate fructose-induced podocyte injury. It activated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and suppressed autophagy in glomeruli of fructose-fed rats and in fructose-exposed conditionally immortalized human podocytes (HPCs). Polydatin also enhanced nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant capacity to suppress fructose-induced autophagy activation in vivo and in vitro, with the attenuation of fructose-induced up-regulation of cellular light chain 3 (LC3) II/I protein levels. This effect was abolished by Raptor siRNA in fructose-exposed HPCs. These results demonstrated that polydatin ameliorated fructose-induced autophagy imbalance in an mTORC1-dependent manner via improving Nrf2-dependent antioxidant capacity during podocyte injury. In conclusion, polydatin with anti-oxidation activity suppressed autophagy to protect against fructose-induced podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zi-Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tu-Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chebotareva N, Bobkova I, Lysenko L, Moiseev S. Urinary Markers of Podocyte Dysfunction in Chronic Glomerulonephritis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1306:81-99. [PMID: 33959907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63908-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a disease with a steady progressive course that involves the development of nephrosclerosis, which is especially evident in clinical courses with incidences of high proteinuria (PU). Currently, proteinuria is considered the main laboratory feature (sign) of CGN activity and progression because proteinuria is closely related to the process of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is correlated with the grade of renal insufficiency. The injury to podocytes, which are key components of the filtration barrier, plays a central role in proteinuria development. The detachment of podocytes from the glomerular basement membrane leading to podocytopenia is suggested to induce glomerulosclerosis and hyalinosis with obliteration of capillary loops and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Urinary markers of podocyte dysfunction could serve as useful tools while monitoring the activity and prognosis of CGN. In this chapter, the most important mechanisms of podocyte loss and urinary markers of this process are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chebotareva
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina Bobkova
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia Lysenko
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Moiseev
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yamada N, Doi T, Sato J, Inoue T, Tsuchitani M, Kobayashi Y. Morphological analyses of nephrin expression in progressive glomerulonephropathy of common marmosets. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 34:83-88. [PMID: 33627947 PMCID: PMC7890167 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2020-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we focused on nephrin, one of the key molecules within the slit diaphragm of podocytes, as although there have been reports on its expression in humans and rats, their presence in common marmosets has not been reported. We investigated nephrin expression and changes in glomeruli, depending on the development of spontaneous progressive glomerulonephropathy in common marmosets. Nineteen common marmosets at two to ten years of age were evaluated. The kidney was examined by microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining for nephrin. The lesions were classified into three grades according to a renal lesion grading system reported previously. The nephrin-positive area was measured by morphometric analysis, and the nephrin-positive ratio was calculated. Nephrin expression was observed along the glomerular capillary loop in a continuous linear pattern in renal lesion grades 0 to 2 and either discontinuous linear or coarse granular pattern in grade 3. Nephrin expression tended to decrease significantly depending on the grade of renal lesions. Alteration in nephrin expression has been suggested to play an important role in the progression of renal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Yamada
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratories, LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki, 314-0255, Japan
| | - Takuya Doi
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratories, LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki, 314-0255, Japan
| | - Junko Sato
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratories, LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki, 314-0255, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuchitani
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratories, LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki, 314-0255, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Pathological Science, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arellano-Buendía AS, Castañeda-Lara LG, Loredo-Mendoza ML, García-Arroyo FE, Rojas-Morales P, Argüello-García R, Juárez-Rojas JG, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Osorio-Alonso H. Effects of Allicin on Pathophysiological Mechanisms during the Progression of Nephropathy Associated to Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111134. [PMID: 33203103 PMCID: PMC7697950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of allicin on the course of diabetic nephropathy. Study groups included control, diabetes, and diabetes-treated rats. Allicin treatment (16 mg/kg day/p.o.) started after 1 month of diabetes onset and was administered for 30 days. In the diabetes group, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased, also, the oxidative stress and hypoxia in the kidney cortex were evidenced by alterations in the total antioxidant capacity as well as the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (Epo-R). Moreover, diabetes increased nephrin, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression that correlated with mesangial matrix, the fibrosis index and with the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The insulin levels and glucose transporter protein type-4 (GLUT4) expression were decreased; otherwise, insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) expression was increased. Allicin increased Nrf2 expression and decreased SBP, Keap1, HIF-1α, and VEGF expression. Concurrently, nephrin, KIM-1, the mesangial matrix, fibrosis index, and the fibrotic proteins were decreased. Additionally, allicin decreased hyperglycemia, improved insulin levels, and prevented changes in (GLUT4) and IRSs expression induced by diabetes. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that allicin has the potential to help in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The cellular mechanisms underlying its effects mainly rely on the regulation of antioxidant, antifibrotic, and antidiabetic mechanisms, which can contribute towards delay in the progression of renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Said Arellano-Buendía
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.A.-B.); (L.G.C.-L.); (F.E.G.-A.); (P.R.-M.); (E.T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Luis Gerardo Castañeda-Lara
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.A.-B.); (L.G.C.-L.); (F.E.G.-A.); (P.R.-M.); (E.T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - María L. Loredo-Mendoza
- Histopathology Laboratory, Research Subdivision, School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Donatello 43, Mexico City 03910, Mexico;
| | - Fernando E. García-Arroyo
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.A.-B.); (L.G.C.-L.); (F.E.G.-A.); (P.R.-M.); (E.T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.A.-B.); (L.G.C.-L.); (F.E.G.-A.); (P.R.-M.); (E.T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Raúl Argüello-García
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Juan G. Juárez-Rojas
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez” México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.A.-B.); (L.G.C.-L.); (F.E.G.-A.); (P.R.-M.); (E.T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.A.-B.); (L.G.C.-L.); (F.E.G.-A.); (P.R.-M.); (E.T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.S.A.-B.); (L.G.C.-L.); (F.E.G.-A.); (P.R.-M.); (E.T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
A different perspective on the filtration barrier after kidney stone formation: An immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Urolithiasis 2020; 49:201-210. [PMID: 33155094 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the filtration barrier is affected by experimental kidney stone formation. Thirty-two rats divided into 4 equally groups (n = 8) at random. Group I control; Group II 1% ethylene glycol; Group III 1% Ethylene glycol + 0.25% Ammonium chloride; Group IV 1% Ethylene glycol + 0.5% Ammonium chloride group. Tissues applied hematoxylin-eosin, periodic-acid-Schiff, Pizzolato's staining. Immunohistochemically stained with integrin α3β1, type IV collagen, laminin, nephrin, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) and podocin to show the filtration barrier structure. The TUNEL method was used for apoptosis. The amount of calcium, magnesium, creatinine and uric acid in urine and blood samples, also urine microprotein determined. Stones were formed in all experimental groups. Urine calcium, creatinine, uric acid levels decreased, magnesium levels were not changed. No statistically significant change was observed in blood serum results and TUNEL analysis. Immunohistochemical results showed an increase in nephrin, podocin, CD2AP, laminin and a decrease in integrin α3β1 and type IV collagen. Consequently, there is an increase in the expression densities of the proteins incorporated in the structure to prevent loss of functionality in the cellular part supporting the structure against a weakening of the basement membrane structure in the glomerular structure in which urine is filtered.
Collapse
|
25
|
da Silva CA, Monteiro MLGDR, Araújo LS, Urzedo MG, Rocha LB, dos Reis MA, Machado JR. In situ evaluation of podocytes in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241745. [PMID: 33147279 PMCID: PMC7641434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) results from the imbalance between adaptive responses that maintain homeostasis and cellular dysfunction that can culminate in cell death. Therefore, an in situ analysis was performed to detect morphological changes related to cell death and autophagy in renal biopsies from adult patients with podocytopathies. Forty-nine renal biopsies from patients with FSGS (n = 22) and MCD (n = 27) were selected. In situ expression of Wilms Tumor 1 protein (WT1), light chain microtubule 1-associated protein (LC3) and caspase-3 protein were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The foot process effacement and morphological alterations related to podocyte cell death and autophagy were analyzed with transmission electronic microscopy. Reduction in the density of WT1-labeled podocytes was observed for FSGS and MCD cases as compared to controls. Foot process width (FPW) in control group was lower than in cases of podocytopathies. In FSGS group, FPW was significantly higher than in MCD group and correlated with proteinuria. A density of LC3-labeled podocytes and the number of autophagosomes in podocytes/ pedicels were higher in the MCD group than in the FSGS group. The number of autophagosomes correlated positively with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in cases of MCD. The density of caspase-3-labeled podocytes in FSGS and MCD was higher than control group, and a higher number of podocytes with an evidence of necrosis was detected in FSGS cases than in MCD and control cases. Podocytes from patients diagnosed with FSGS showed more morphological and functional alterations resulting from a larger number of lesions and reduced cell adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crislaine Aparecida da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza Gonçalves dos Reis Monteiro
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liliane Silvano Araújo
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Monise Gini Urzedo
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenaldo Branco Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia dos Reis
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen A, Feng Y, Lai H, Ju W, Li Z, Li Y, Wang A, Hong Q, Zhong F, Wei C, Fu J, Guan T, Liu B, Kretzler M, Lee K, He JC. Soluble RARRES1 induces podocyte apoptosis to promote glomerular disease progression. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5523-5535. [PMID: 32634130 PMCID: PMC7524479 DOI: 10.1172/jci140155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Consortium data set and other publicly available transcriptomic data sets, we identified retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 (RARRES1) as a gene whose expression positively correlated with renal function decline in human glomerular disease. The glomerular expression of RARRES1, which is largely restricted to podocytes, increased in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). TNF-α was a potent inducer of RARRES1 expression in cultured podocytes, and transcriptomic analysis showed the enrichment of cell death pathway genes with RARRES1 overexpression. The overexpression of RARRES1 indeed induced podocyte apoptosis in vitro. Notably, this effect was dependent on its cleavage in the extracellular domain, as the mutation of its cleavage site abolished the apoptotic effect. Mechanistically, the soluble RARRES1 was endocytosed and interacted with and inhibited RIO kinase 1 (RIOK1), resulting in p53 activation and podocyte apoptosis. In mice, podocyte-specific overexpression of RARRES1 resulted in marked glomerular injury and albuminuria, while the overexpression of RARRES1 cleavage mutant had no effect. Conversely, podocyte-specific knockdown of Rarres1 in mice ameliorated glomerular injury in the setting of adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Our study demonstrates an important role and the mechanism of RARRES1 in podocyte injury in glomerular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqun Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ye Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Andrew Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Quan Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tianjun Guan
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bichen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Renal Section, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Z, Tang S, Gui W, Lin X, Zheng F, Wu F, Li H. Liver X receptor activation induces podocyte injury via inhibiting autophagic activity. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:317-328. [PMID: 32328877 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays a key role in the occurrence and development of kidney diseases. Decreased autophagic activity in podocyte is closely related to its injury and the occurrence of proteinuria. Liver X receptors (LXRs), as metabolic nuclear receptors, participate in multiple pathophysiological processes and express in several tissues, including podocytes. Although the functional roles of LXRs in the liver, adipose tissue and intestine are well established; however, the effect of LXRs on podocytes function remains unclear. In this study, we used mouse podocytes cell line to investigate the effects of LXR activation on podocytes autophagy level and related signaling pathway by performing Western blotting, RT-PCR, GFP-mRFP-LC3 transfection, and immunofluorescence staining. Then, we tested this effect in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were employed to explore the effects of LXR activation on podocytes function and autophagic activity. We found that LXR activation could inhibit autophagic flux through blocking the formation of autophagosome in podocytes in vitro which was possibly achieved by affecting AMPK, mTOR, and SIRT1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, LXR activation in vivo induced autophagy suppression in glomeruli, leading to aggravated podocyte injury. In summary, our findings indicated that activation of LXRs induced autophagy suppression, which in turn contributed to the podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Weiwei Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pisarek-Horowitz A, Fan X, Kumar S, Rasouly HM, Sharma R, Chen H, Coser K, Bluette CT, Hirenallur-Shanthappa D, Anderson SR, Yang H, Beck LH, Bonegio RG, Henderson JM, Berasi SP, Salant DJ, Lu W. Loss of Roundabout Guidance Receptor 2 (Robo2) in Podocytes Protects Adult Mice from Glomerular Injury by Maintaining Podocyte Foot Process Structure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:799-816. [PMID: 32220420 PMCID: PMC7217334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Roundabout guidance receptor 2 (ROBO2) plays an important role during early kidney development. ROBO2 is expressed in podocytes, inhibits nephrin-induced actin polymerization, down-regulates nonmuscle myosin IIA activity, and destabilizes kidney podocyte adhesion. However, the role of ROBO2 during kidney injury, particularly in mature podocytes, is not known. Herein, we report that loss of ROBO2 in podocytes [Robo2 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse] is protective from glomerular injuries. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that Robo2 cKO mice display less foot process effacement and better-preserved slit-diaphragm density compared with wild-type littermates injured by either protamine sulfate or nephrotoxic serum (NTS). The Robo2 cKO mice also develop less proteinuria after NTS injury. Further studies reveal that ROBO2 expression in podocytes is up-regulated after glomerular injury because its expression levels are higher in the glomeruli of NTS injured mice and passive Heymann membranous nephropathy rats. Moreover, the amount of ROBO2 in the glomeruli is also elevated in patients with membranous nephropathy. Finally, overexpression of ROBO2 in cultured mouse podocytes compromises cell adhesion. Taken together, these findings suggest that kidney injury increases glomerular ROBO2 expression that might compromise podocyte adhesion and, thus, loss of Robo2 in podocytes could protect from glomerular injury by enhancing podocyte adhesion that helps maintain foot process structure. Our findings also suggest that ROBO2 is a therapeutic target for podocyte injury and podocytopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pisarek-Horowitz
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xueping Fan
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hila M Rasouly
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richa Sharma
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn Coser
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Sarah R Anderson
- Global Pathology, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Hongying Yang
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Laurence H Beck
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramon G Bonegio
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P Berasi
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David J Salant
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kawachi H, Fukusumi Y. New insight into podocyte slit diaphragm, a therapeutic target of proteinuria. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:193-204. [PMID: 32020343 PMCID: PMC7040068 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of slit diaphragm, a cell–cell junction of glomerular podocytes, is involved in the development of proteinuria in several glomerular diseases. Slit diaphragm should be a target of a novel therapy for proteinuria. Nephrin, NEPH1, P-cadherin, FAT, and ephrin-B1 were reported to be extracellular components forming a molecular sieve of the slit diaphragm. Several cytoplasmic proteins such as ZO-1, podocin, CD2AP, MAGI proteins and Par-complex molecules were identified as scaffold proteins linking the slit diaphragm to the cytoskeleton. In this article, new insights into these molecules and the pathogenic roles of the dysfunction of these molecules were introduced. The slit diaphragm functions not only as a barrier but also as a signaling platform transfer the signal to the inside of the cell. For maintaining the slit diaphragm function properly, the phosphorylation level of nephrin is strictly regulated. The recent studies on the signaling pathway from nephrin, NEPH1, and ephrin-B1 were reviewed. Although the mechanism regulating the function of the slit diaphragm had remained unclear, recent studies revealed TRPC6 and angiotensin II-regulating mechanisms play a critical role in regulating the barrier function of the slit diaphragm. In this review, recent investigations on the regulation of the slit diaphragm function were reviewed, and a strategy for the establishment of a novel therapy for proteinuria was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukusumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang W, Ren Y, Li J. Application of miR-193a/WT1/PODXL axis to estimate risk and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Ren Fail 2020; 41:704-717. [PMID: 31352863 PMCID: PMC6711109 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1642210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This investigation was managed to explore whether miR-193a in combination with two podocytes, namely, Wilms tumor type 1 (WT1) and podocalyxin (PODXL), were feasible in estimating onset and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Methods: We recruited a total of 189 healthy controls and 364 IMN patients, whose urine samples were prepared to measure the expression of miR-193a and PODXL. Meanwhile, renal tissues collected from above-mentioned IMN patients (n = 364) and renal cell carcinoma patients (n = 189) were arranged to determine the expression of WT1. Ultimately, receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to appraise the performance of miR-193a, WT1, and PODXL in predicting renal survival of IMN patients. Results: The IMN patients were measured with up-regulated miR-193a expression and down-regulated WT1/PODXL expression, when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, highly expressed miR-193a, lowly expressed WT1/PODXL, elevated amounts of proteinuria (>3.79 g/24 h)/serum creatinine (>174.63 μmol/L), and declined GFR (≤68.13 mL/min/1.73 m2) were implicated as prominent biomarkers for the poor renal survival of IMN patients (all p < 0.05). Notably, miR-193a combined with PODXL and WT1 generated optimal effects in differentiating IMN patients from healthy controls (AUC = 0.994) and also in anticipating the renal survival state of IMN patients (AUC = 0.824), when compared with strategies that merely employed ≤2 of the biomarkers. Conclusion: The combination of miR-193a, WT1, and PODXL might serve as a favorable strategy for expecting IMN prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- a Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Yeping Ren
- a Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Jie Li
- a Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mechanism Underlying Selective Albuminuria in Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome. Int J Nephrol 2019; 2019:5859102. [PMID: 31781392 PMCID: PMC6874928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5859102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As water and solutes are filtered through the slit membrane, it is an a priori concept that a slit membrane is an essential filtration barrier for proteins, including albumin. However, in cases of minimal change nephrotic syndrome, the number of slit membranes is reduced by the foot process effacement and tight junction-like cell adhesion. Furthermore, albumin endocytosis is enhanced in the podocytes under condition of minimal change disease, and albumin is selectively transported by the albumin receptor FcRn. Suppressing the endocytosis of albumin with anti-FcRn antibody decreases the urinary protein level. The expression of motor molecules, such as cytoplasmic dynein 1 and myosin IX, is increased in the podocytes under conditions of minimal change nephrotic syndrome, suggesting the enhanced transport of vesicles containing albumin. Podocyte vesicle transport may play an important role in the pathology of selective albuminuria in cases of nephrotic syndrome.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhong Y, Lee K, Deng Y, Ma Y, Chen Y, Li X, Wei C, Yang S, Wang T, Wong NJ, Muwonge AN, Azeloglu EU, Zhang W, Das B, He JC, Liu R. Arctigenin attenuates diabetic kidney disease through the activation of PP2A in podocytes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4523. [PMID: 31586053 PMCID: PMC6778111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin (ATG) is a major component of Fructus Arctii, a traditional herbal remedy that reduced proteinuria in diabetic patients. However, whether ATG specifically provides renoprotection in DKD is not known. Here we report that ATG administration is sufficient to attenuate proteinuria and podocyte injury in mouse models of diabetes. Transcriptomic analysis of diabetic mouse glomeruli showed that cell adhesion and inflammation are two key pathways affected by ATG treatment, and mass spectrometry analysis identified protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) as one of the top ATG-interacting proteins in renal cells. Enhanced PP2A activity by ATG reduces p65 NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response and high glucose-induced migration in cultured podocytes via interaction with Drebrin-1. Importantly, podocyte-specific Pp2a deletion in mice exacerbates DKD injury and abrogates the ATG-mediated renoprotection. Collectively, our results demonstrate a renoprotective mechanism of ATG via PP2A activation and establish PP2A as a potential target for DKD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yueyi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shumin Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nicholas J Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alecia N Muwonge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Renal Section, James J Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Y, Li MH, Zhang Y, Hu XY, Ma RX. [Relationship between podocyte injury and macrophage infiltration in renal tissues of patients with lupus nephritis]. JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2019; 51:723-727. [PMID: 31420629 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the expression of nephrin and the infiltration of macrophages in renal tissues in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), and to provide the evidence of potential mechanism of podocyte injury in LN. METHODS In the study, 60 patients who were first diagnosed with LN by pathology were selected including 38 active LN patients with r-SLEDAI≥4, and another 10 patients of normal renal tissue were excised as a normal control group. The renal tissue and podocyte injury were observed through light and transmission electron microscope. The expression of nephrin and the infiltration of macrophages (CD68+cells) in the renal tissue of the 60 LN patients and 10 normal cases were detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence method. Different statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the correlation between the variables. Variance analysis was used for comparison among the groups, while LSD test was used for comparison between every two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the variables. RESULTS (1)Of all the LN patients, 24 h urinary protein [(3.94±1.76) vs. (1.56±0.68), P<0.05], erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [(79.83±6.3) vs. (40.1±10.5), P<0.05] and serum creatinine [(106.58±14.9) vs. (79.1±9.89), P<0.05] were significantly increased in active group than those in inactive group, while C3 [(0.34±0.12) vs. (0.78±0.11), P<0.05], C4 [(0.07±0.04) vs. (0.17±0.10), P<0.05 ] and eGFR [(62.42±5.16) vs. (81.33±4.53), P<0.05] were significantly decreased in active group. (2)Compared with the normal control group, the expression of nephrin in renal tissue of the LN patients was significantly decreased, and the expression of nephrin in the active patients was significantly lower than that in inactive group (P<0.05). (3)Compared with the normal control group, the number of infiltrated macrophages in the LN patients was significantly increased, especially in the active patients (P<0.05). Macrophages were mainly found in glomeruli. (4)There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of nephrin and macrophage infiltration in renal tissues of the LN patients (r=0.761, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Macrophage infiltration in renal tissues may be one of the potential mechanisms of podocyte injury in lupus nephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - M H Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Hu
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - R X Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Evaluation of the urinary podocalyxin and nephrin excretion levels to determine a safe time interval between two sessions of SWL for renal stones: a non randomized exploratory study. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1727-1734. [PMID: 31321677 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the role of nephrin and podocalyxin in determining the intervals between shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) sessions and how soon the kidney damage was recovered. METHODS This work was a prospective study that included 30 patients with unilateral kidney stones. The patients' midflow urine samples were collected before SWL and 1 h, 1 day and 1 week after the procedure. Nephrin and podocalyxin levels in the urine samples were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS Among the 30 patients who underwent SWL, 19 were males and 11 were females. The mean age of the SWL group was 34.7 ± 13.2. Both biomarkers did not correlate with age, creatinine values, body mass index, stone side, stone size, energy, frequency and shock numbers. Nephrin and podocalyxin levels were significantly higher at the pre-SWL point (p < 0.05). After the procedure, a significant decrease was observed in both biomarker levels (p < 0.05). At the end of first day, these levels started to increase progressively up to the end of the first week (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nephrin and podocalyxin may help to determine early period kidney damage associated with SWL. Post-SWL podocalyxin and nephrin values may be used to determine the interval between SWL sessions.
Collapse
|
35
|
van Daalen EE, Neeskens P, Zandbergen M, Harper L, Karras A, Vaglio A, de Zoysa J, Bruijn JA, Bajema IM. Podocytes and Proteinuria in ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis: A Case-Control Study. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1405. [PMID: 31297110 PMCID: PMC6607406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria has been identified as prognosticator of renal outcome in patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis, but whether proteinuria is related to podocyte abnormalities in these patients is largely unknown. We here investigate podocyte foot process width and number of podocytes positive for the podocyte marker WT-1 in diagnostic renal biopsies of 25 Caucasian patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis in relation to proteinuria. Control tissue was used from pre-transplantation donor kidney biopsies. Proteinuria at 10 weeks follow-up correlated significantly with foot process width (P = 0.04). Biopsies with foot process width ≥600 nm belonged more often to the crescentic or mixed class, whereas biopsies with a foot process width <600 nm were most often categorized as focal class (P = 0.03). The mean number of podocytes based upon expression of WT-1 was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (15 vs. 34 podocytes per glomerulus; P < 0.0001). The significant decrease in expression of the podocyte WT-1 marker in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis is considered indicative of actual podocyte loss or at least, of a loss of functionality. Furthermore, our study indicates that podocyte foot process width at baseline could be indicative for proteinuria at short term follow up. For prognostic purposes, we therefore suggest to include a description of the foot process width in the diagnostic report of a biopsy with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. van Daalen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Neeskens
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Malu Zandbergen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Harper
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Nephrology Department, HEGP Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Nephrology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital and Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Janak de Zoysa
- Renal Services, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jan A. Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg M. Bajema
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kasinath V, Yilmam OA, Uehara M, Yonar M, Jiang L, Li X, Qiu W, Eskandari S, Ichimura T, Abdi R. Urine podoplanin heralds the onset of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F957-F965. [PMID: 30864839 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00538.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury represents one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury, a serious and often deadly condition that affects up to 20% of all hospitalized patients in the United States. However, the current standard assay used universally for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury, serum creatinine, does not detect renal damage early in its course. Serendipitously, we found that the immunofluorescent signal of the constitutive podocyte marker podoplanin fades in the glomerulus and intensifies in the tubulointerstitial compartment of the kidney shortly after ischemia-reperfusion injury in 8- to 10-wk-old male C57Bl/6j mice. Therefore, we sought to define the appearance and course of the podoplanin-positive signal in the kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury. The tubulointerstitial podoplanin-positive signal increased as early as 2 h but persisted for 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, the strength of this tubulointerstitial signal was directly proportional to the severity of ischemia, and its location shifted from the tubules to interstitial cells over time. Finally, we detected podoplanin in the urine of mice after ischemia, and we observed that an increase in the urine podoplanin-to-creatinine ratio correlated strongly with the onset of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our findings indicate that the measurement of urine podoplanin harbors promising potential for use as a novel biomarker for the early detection of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Osman Arif Yilmam
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Merve Yonar
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siawosh Eskandari
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takaharu Ichimura
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yoshioka T, Kosugi T, Masuda T, Watanabe T, Ryuge A, Nagaya H, Maeda K, Sato Y, Katsuno T, Kato N, Ishimoto T, Yuzawa Y, Maruyama S, Kadomatsu K. CD147/Basigin Deficiency Prevents the Development of Podocyte Injury through FAK Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1338-1350. [PMID: 31014956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes, which are susceptible to injury by various stimuli and stress, are critical regulators of proteinuric kidney diseases, regardless of the primary disease and pathogenesis. We further confirmed a significant correlation between urinary CD147/basigin (Bsg) levels and proteinuria in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanism of podocyte injury involving Bsg is not fully understood. Here, the involvement of Bsg in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury was elucidated. Healthy podocytes rarely express Bsg protein. In two independent mouse models, including adriamycin-induced nephropathy and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name)-induced endothelial dysfunction, Bsg induction in injured podocytes caused podocyte effacement, which led to development of proteinuria. Bsg silencing in cultured podocytes exposed to transforming growth factor-β suppressed focal adhesion rearrangement and cellular motility via the activation of β1 integrin-focal adhesion kinase-matrix metallopeptidase signaling. In addition, induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin-1, which are implicated in podocyte-to-endothelial cross-communication, was lower in the supernatants of cultured Bsg-silenced podocytes stimulated with transforming growth factor-β. In this setting, Bsg may be involved in a physiological positive feedback loop that accelerates podocyte cell motility and depolarization. The current study thus suggests that Bsg silencing via suppression of β1 integrin-focal adhesion kinase-matrix metallopeptidase signaling may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the maintenance of podocytes in patients with proteinuric kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yoshioka
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosugi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Masuda
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ryuge
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagaya
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kayaho Maeda
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukio Yuzawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang XQ, Huang YJ, Zhai WS, Ren XQ, Guo QY, Zhang X, Yang M, Zhang J, Ding Y, Zhu S, Yamamoto T, Sun Y. Correlation between endocapillary proliferative and nephrotic-range proteinuria in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:663-670. [PMID: 30415419 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocapillary proliferative (EP) lesion is not included in the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) pathological classification of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). The main objective of the study was to determine the pathological importance of EP in the development of proteinuria in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). METHODS The pathological features of 148 HSPN children with nephrotic-range proteinuria were investigated retrospectively. Urinary IgG, transferrin, and albumin levels were measured by immunonephelometry. The correlations between EP lesion and 24-h proteinuria, urinary IgG, urinary transferrin, and urinary albumin were analyzed. Renal biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained for nephrin and podocalyxin. RESULTS Of the total 581 cases of children with HSPN who underwent renal biopsy, 148 cases (25.5%) presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria. The pathological types of HSPN with nephrotic-range proteinuria were categorized as IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IIIb with diffuse EP, IVb, pure focal EP type, and pure diffuse EP type. Among these types, pure diffuse EP type accounted for 7.4%. The levels of 24-h proteinuria and urinary albumin were the highest in pure diffuse EP type among all pathological types, and the percentage of EP correlated with 24-h proteinuria and urinary albumin levels. 24-h proteinuria was significantly higher in pure diffuse EP type relative to HSPN IIb type, and significantly higher in IIIb with EP, compared with HSPN IIIb. Nephrin, but not podocalyxin, was downregulated in EP segment. CONCLUSIONS EP is an independent pathogenic factor in HSPN with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Downregulation of nephrin in EP segment is a potential molecular mechanism of nephrotic-range proteinuria. Albumin is the major urinary protein component in HSPN with EP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Jie Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Qing Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Qing-Yin Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 6 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hou XX, Dong HR, Sun LJ, Yang M, Cheng H, Chen YP. Purinergic 2X7 Receptor is Involved in the Podocyte Damage of Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy via Activating Nucleotide-Binding and Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2713-2725. [PMID: 30425198 PMCID: PMC6247604 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.245270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and caspase-1 is engaged in the inflammatory response of many kidney diseases and can be activated by purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R). This study was conducted to explore whether P2X7R plays a pathogenic role in the podocyte damage of obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) and whether this role is mediated by the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods: A mouse model of ORG was established by high-fat diet feeding. The conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured with leptin or with leptin and P2X7R antagonist (KN-62 or A438079). The mRNA and protein expression of the P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome components including NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, as well as the podocyte-associated molecules including nephrin, podocin, and desmin in mouse renal cortex or cultured mouse podocytes were tested by real-time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: The significantly upregulated expression of P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome components and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation were observed in the renal cortex (in fact their location in podocytes was proved by confocal microscopy) of ORG mice in vivo, which were accompanied with the morphological changes of podocyte damage and the expression changes of podocyte-associated molecules. Similar changes in the expression of P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome components as well as in the expression of podocyte-associated molecules were also observed in the cultured podocyte studies treated by leptin in vitro, and all of the above changes were significantly attenuated by the P2X7R antagonist KN-62 or A438079. Conclusions: P2X7R could trigger the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the activated P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome in podocytes might be involved in the podocyte damage of ORG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong-Rui Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li-Jun Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi-Pu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory disorders is well-documented, but conflicting results are reported for its role in diabetic nephropathy. Here we examined the role of IL-17 signalling in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy through IL-17 knockout mice, administration of neutralising monoclonal anti-IL-17 antibody and in vitro examination of gene expression of renal tubular cells and podocytes under high glucose conditions with or without recombinant IL-17. IL-17 deficient mice were protected against progression of diabetic nephropathy, exhibiting reduced albuminuria, glomerular damage, macrophage accumulation and renal fibrosis at 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Administration of anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibody to diabetic wild-type mice was similarly protective. IL-17 deficiency also attenuated up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes including IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CXCL10 and TGF-β in diabetic kidneys. In vitro co-stimulation with recombinant IL-17 and high glucose were synergistic in increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in both cultured renal tubular cells and podocytes. We conclude that absence of IL-17 signalling is protective against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy, thus implying a pro-inflammatory role of IL-17 in its pathogenesis. Targeting the IL-17 axis may represent a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of this disorder.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yuan M, Tan Y, Wang Y, Wang SX, Yu F, Zhao MH. The associations of endothelial and podocyte injury in proliferative lupus nephritis: from observational analysis to in vitro study. Lupus 2019; 28:347-358. [PMID: 30755145 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319828509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our study aims to evaluate the endothelial cell-podocyte crosstalk in proliferative lupus nephritis (LN). The semi-quantification scores of glomerular endothelial cell injury and the foot process width (FPW) were processed in 110 proliferative LN patients. Podocytes were stimulated with LN-derived IgG. Glomerular endothelial cells were treated with podocyte-conditioned medium (PCM), and then podocytes were incubated with endothelial cell-conditioned medium (ECM). The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in PCM and endothelin-1 in ECM were analyzed, and the injury of podocyte and glomerular endothelial cells were further evaluated. The pathological score of glomerular endothelial cell injury was correlated with FPW in LN complicated with thrombotic microangiopathy. In vitro study showed the following: 1. Stimulation of podocytes by IgG from LN led to decline in the expression of nephrin with cytoskeleton rearrangement, and reduction of VEGF-A levels. 2. Exposure of glomerular endothelial cells to PCM incubated with LN-derived IgG (PCM-LN) induced more endothelin-1 secretion and disruption of intercellular tight junction. 3. Exposure of podocytes to ECM stimulated with PCM-LN could induce cytoskeleton redistribution with decrease of nephrin. In conclusion, the pathological glomerular endothelial cell lesions were associated with FPW and the VEGF-endothelin-1 system might play a critical role in the endothelial cell-podocyte crosstalk in LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yuan
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,4 Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Tan
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,4 Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,4 Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - S X Wang
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,4 Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - F Yu
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,4 Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,5 Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - M H Zhao
- 1 Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,4 Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,6 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
First identification of PODXL nonsense mutations in autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:9-21. [PMID: 30523047 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a novel heterozygous missense mutation c.T1421G (p. L474R) in the PODXL gene encoding podocalyxin was identified in an autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (AD-FSGS) pedigree. However, this PODXL mutation appeared not to impair podocalyxin function, and it is necessary to identify new PODXL mutations and determine their causative role for FSGS. In the present study, we report the identification of a heterozygous nonsense PODXL mutation (c.C976T; p. Arg326X) in a Chinese pedigree featured by proteinuria and renal insufficiency with AD inheritance by whole exome sequencing (WES). Total mRNA and PODXL protein abundance were decreased in available peripheral blood cell samples of two affected patients undergoing hemodialysis, compared with those in healthy controls and hemodialysis controls without PODXL mutation. We identified another novel PODXL heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.C1133G; p.Ser378X) in a British-Indian pedigree of AD-FSGS by WES. In vitro study showed that, human embryonic kidney 293T cells transfected with the pEGFP-PODXL-Arg326X or pEGFP-PODXL-Ser378X plasmid expressed significantly lower mRNA and PODXL protein compared with cells transfected with the wild-type plasmid. Blocking nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) significantly restored the amount of mutant mRNA and PODXL proteins, which indicated that the pathogenic effect of PODXL nonsense mutations is likely due to NMD, resulting in podocalyxin deficiency. Functional consequences caused by the PODXL nonsense mutations were inferred by siRNA knockdown in cultured podocytes and podocalyxin down-regulation by siRNA resulted in decreased RhoA and ezrin activities, cell migration and stress fiber formation. Our results provided new data implicating heterozygous PODXL nonsense mutations in the development of FSGS.
Collapse
|
43
|
Khalil R, Koop K, Kreutz R, Spaink HP, Hogendoorn PC, Bruijn JA, Baelde HJ. Increased dynamin expression precedes proteinuria in glomerular disease. J Pathol 2018; 247:177-185. [PMID: 30350425 PMCID: PMC6587474 DOI: 10.1002/path.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Specifically, dynamin regulates the actin cytoskeleton and the turnover of nephrin in podocytes, and knocking down dynamin expression causes proteinuria. Moreover, promoting dynamin oligomerization with Bis-T-23 restores podocyte function and reduces proteinuria in several animal models of chronic kidney disease. Thus, dynamin is a promising therapeutic target for treating chronic kidney disease. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological role of dynamin under proteinuric circumstances in a rat model and in humans. We found that glomerular Dnm2 and Dnm1 mRNA levels are increased prior to the onset of proteinuria in a rat model of spontaneous proteinuria. Also, in zebrafish embryos, we confirm that knocking down dynamin translation results in proteinuria. Finally, we show that the glomerular expression of dynamin and cathepsin L protein is increased in several human proteinuric kidney diseases. We propose that the increased expression of glomerular dynamin reflects an exhausted attempt to maintain and/or restore integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. These results confirm that dynamin plays an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier, and they support the notion that dynamin is a promising therapeutic target in proteinuric kidney disease. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Khalil
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Koop
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan A Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhong F, Chen Z, Zhang L, Xie Y, Nair V, Ju W, Kretzler M, Nelson RG, Li Z, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang A, Lee K, Liu Z, He JC. Tyro3 is a podocyte protective factor in glomerular disease. JCI Insight 2018; 3:123482. [PMID: 30429374 PMCID: PMC6302948 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated a protective role of protein S in early diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Protein S exerts antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through the activation of TYRO3, AXL, and MER (TAM) receptors. Among the 3 TAM receptors, we showed that the biological effects of protein S were mediated largely by TYRO3 in diabetic kidneys. Our data now show that TYRO3 mRNA expression is highly enriched in human glomeruli and that TYRO3 protein is expressed in podocytes. Interestingly, glomerular TYRO3 mRNA expression increased in mild DKD but was suppressed in progressive DKD, as well as in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Functionally, morpholino-mediated knockdown of tyro3 altered glomerular filtration barrier development in zebrafish larvae, and genetic ablation of Tyro3 in murine models of DKD and Adriamycin-induced nephropathy (ADRN) worsened albuminuria and glomerular injury. Conversely, the induction of TYRO3 overexpression specifically in podocytes significantly attenuated albuminuria and kidney injury in mice with DKD, ADRN, and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Mechanistically, TYRO3 expression was suppressed by activation of TNF-α/NF-κB pathway, which may contribute to decreased TYRO3 expression in progressive DKD and FSGS, and TYRO3 signaling conferred antiapoptotic effects through the activation of AKT in podocytes. In conclusion, TYRO3 plays a critical role in maintaining normal podocyte function and may be a potential new drug target to treat glomerular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhaohong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Viji Nair
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Renal Section, James J Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Horne SJ, Vasquez JM, Guo Y, Ly V, Piret SE, Leonardo AR, Ling J, Revelo MP, Bogenhagen D, Yang VW, He JC, Mallipattu SK. Podocyte-Specific Loss of Krüppel-Like Factor 6 Increases Mitochondrial Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes 2018; 67:2420-2433. [PMID: 30115650 PMCID: PMC6198342 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury is uniformly observed in several murine models as well as in individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although emerging evidence has highlighted the role of key transcriptional regulators in mitochondrial biogenesis, little is known about the regulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly in the podocyte under diabetic conditions. We recently reported a critical role of the zinc finger Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) in maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing apoptosis in a proteinuric murine model. In this study, we report that podocyte-specific knockdown of Klf6 increased the susceptibility to streptozotocin-induced DKD in the resistant C57BL/6 mouse strain. We observed that the loss of KLF6 in podocytes reduced the expression of synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 with resultant increased mitochondrial injury, leading to activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under diabetic conditions. Conversely, mitochondrial injury and apoptosis were significantly attenuated with overexpression of KLF6 in cultured human podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. Finally, we observed a significant reduction in glomerular and podocyte-specific expression of KLF6 in human kidney biopsies with progression of DKD. Collectively, these data suggest that podocyte-specific KLF6 is critical to preventing mitochondrial injury and apoptosis under diabetic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Horne
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Jessica M Vasquez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Victoria Ly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sian E Piret
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alexandra R Leonardo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Jason Ling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Monica P Revelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Daniel Bogenhagen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - John C He
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Renal Section, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li H, Zhang W, Zhong F, Das GC, Xie Y, Li Z, Cai W, Jiang G, Choi J, Sidani M, Hyink DP, Lee K, Klotman PE, He JC. Epigenetic regulation of RCAN1 expression in kidney disease and its role in podocyte injury. Kidney Int 2018; 94:1160-1176. [PMID: 30366682 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that epigenetic modification is important in kidney disease pathogenesis. To determine whether epigenetic regulation is involved in HIV-induced kidney injury, we performed genome-wide methylation profiling and transcriptomic profiling of human primary podocytes infected with HIV-1. Comparison of DNA methylation and RNA sequencing profiles identified several genes that were hypomethylated with corresponding upregulated RNA expression in HIV-infected podocytes. Notably, we found only one hypermethylated gene with corresponding downregulated RNA expression, namely regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1). Further, we found that RCAN1 RNA expression was suppressed in glomeruli in human diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and lupus nephritis, and in mouse models of HIV-associated nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. We confirmed that HIV infection or high glucose conditions suppressed RCAN1 expression in cultured podocytes. This suppression was alleviated upon pretreatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, suggesting that RCAN1 expression is epigenetically suppressed in the context of HIV infection and diabetic conditions. Mechanistically, increased expression of RCAN1 decreased HIV- or high glucose-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional activity. Increased RCAN1 expression also stabilized actin cytoskeleton organization, consistent with the inhibition of the calcineurin pathway. In vivo, knockout of RCAN1 aggravated albuminuria and podocyte injury in mice with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Our findings suggest that epigenetic suppression of RCAN1 aggravates podocyte injury in the setting of HIV infection and diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gokul C Das
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yifan Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weijing Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jae Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamad Sidani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah P Hyink
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul E Klotman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Kidney Center at James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sanchez-Niño MD, Perez-Gomez MV, Valiño-Rivas L, Torra R, Ortiz A. Podocyturia: why it may have added value in rare diseases. Clin Kidney J 2018; 12:49-52. [PMID: 30863545 PMCID: PMC6407136 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an inherited lysosomal disease in which defects in the GLA gene lead to α-galactosidase-A deficiency, and accumulation of glycosphingolipids, including lyso-Gb3, a podocyte stressor. Therapy is available as enzyme replacement therapy and, for some patients, the chaperone migalastat. A key decision is when to start therapy, given its costs and potential impact on some aspects of quality of life. The decision is especially difficult in otherwise asymptomatic patients. A delayed start of therapy may allow kidney injury to progress subclinically up to the development of irreversible lesions. Non-invasive tools to monitor subclinical kidney injury are needed. One such tool may be assessment of podocyturia. In this issue of CKJ, [Trimarchi H, Canzonieri R, Costales-Collaguazo C et al. Early decrease in the podocalyxin to synaptopodin ratio in urinary Fabry podocytes. Clin Kidney J 2019; doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfy053] report on podocyturia assessment in Fabry nephropathy. Specifically, they report that podocalyxin may be lost from detached urinary podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Vanessa Perez-Gomez
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Valiño-Rivas
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Torra
- Inherited Renal Disorders, Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, REDINREN, IIB Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu SMW, Nissaisorakarn P, Husain I, Jim B. Proteinuric Kidney Diseases: A Podocyte's Slit Diaphragm and Cytoskeleton Approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:221. [PMID: 30255020 PMCID: PMC6141722 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuric kidney diseases are a group of disorders with diverse pathological mechanisms associated with significant losses of protein in the urine. The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), comprised of the three important layers, the fenestrated glomerular endothelium, the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and the podocyte, dictates that disruption of any one of these structures should lead to proteinuric disease. Podocytes, in particular, have long been considered as the final gatekeeper of the GFB. This specialized visceral epithelial cell contains a complex framework of cytoskeletons forming foot processes and mediate important cell signaling to maintain podocyte health. In this review, we will focus on slit diaphragm proteins such as nephrin, podocin, TRPC6/5, as well as cytoskeletal proteins Rho/small GTPases and synaptopodin and their respective roles in participating in the pathogenesis of proteinuric kidney diseases. Furthermore, we will summarize the potential therapeutic options targeting the podocyte to treat this group of kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mon-Wei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Irma Husain
- Department of Medicine, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Belinda Jim
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.,Renal Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sayanthooran S, Gunerathne L, Abeysekera TDJ, Magana-Arachchi DN. Transcriptome analysis supports viral infection and fluoride toxicity as contributors to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1667-1677. [PMID: 29808448 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu), having epidemic characteristics, is being diagnosed increasingly in certain tropical regions of the world, mainly Latin America and Sri Lanka. They have been observed primarily in farming communities and current hypotheses point toward many environmental and occupational triggers. CKDu does not have common etiologies of chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as hypertension, diabetes, or autoimmune disease. We aimed to understand the molecular processes underlying CKDu in Sri Lanka using transcriptome analysis. METHODS RNA extracted from whole blood was reverse transcribed and used for microarray analysis using the Human HT-12 v.4 array (Illumina). Pathway analysis was carried out using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA-Qiagen). Microarray results were validated using real-time PCR of five selected genes. RESULTS Pathways related to innate immune response, including interferon signaling, inflammasome signaling and TREM1 signaling had the most significant positive activation z scores, where as EIF2 signaling and mTOR signaling had the most significant negative activation z scores. Pathways previously linked to fluoride toxicity; G-protein activation, Cdc42 signaling, Rac signaling and RhoA signaling were activated in CKDu patients. The most significantly activated biological functions were cell death, cell movement and antimicrobial response. Significant toxicological functions were mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the molecular pathway analysis in CKDu patients and review of literature, viral infections and fluoride toxicity appear to be contributing to the molecular mechanisms underlying CKDu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saravanabavan Sayanthooran
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, 20000, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Tilak D J Abeysekera
- Centre for Education, Research and Training on Kidney Diseases (CERTKID), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Dhammika N Magana-Arachchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, 20000, Sri Lanka.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang X, Gao L, Lin H, Song J, Wang J, Yin Y, Zhao J, Xu X, Li Z, Li L. Mangiferin prevents diabetic nephropathy progression and protects podocyte function via autophagy in diabetic rat glomeruli. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|