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Kundrapu DB, Chaitanya AK, Manaswi K, Kumari S, Malla R. Quercetin and taxifolin inhibits TMPRSS2 activity and its interaction with EGFR in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells: An in silico and in vitro study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14600. [PMID: 39075030 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Transmembrane protease/serine (TMPRSS2), a type II transmembrane serine protease, plays a crucial role in different stages of cancer. Recent studies have reported that the triggering epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation through protease action promotes metastasis. However, there are no reports on the interaction of TMPRSS2 with EGFR, especially in triple-negative triple negative (TNBC). The current study investigates the unexplored interaction between TMPRSS2 and EGFR, which are key partners mediating metastasis. This interaction is explored for potential targeting using quercetin (QUE) and taxifolin (TAX). TMPRSS2 expression patterns in breast cancer (BC) tissues and subtypes have been predicted, with the prognostic significance assessed using the GENT2.0 database. Validation of TMPRSS2 expression was performed in normal and TNBC tissues, including drug-resistant cell lines, utilizing GEO datasets. TMPRSS2 was further validated as a predictive biomarker for FDA-approved chemotherapeutics through transcriptomic data from BC patients. The study demonstrated the association of TMPRSS2 with EGFR through in silico analysis and validates the findings in TNBC cohorts using the TIMER2.0 web server and the TCGA dataset through C-Bioportal. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies identified QUE and TAX as best leads targeting TMPRSS2. They inhibited cell-free TMPRSS2 activity like clinical inhibitor of TMPRSS2, Camostat mesylate. In cell-based assays focused on paclitaxel-resistant TNBC (TNBC/PR), QUE and TAX demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against extracellular and membrane-bound TMPRSS2, with low IC50 values. Furthermore, ELISA and cell-based AlphaLISA assays demonstrated that QUE and TAX inhibit the interaction of TMPRSS2 with EGFR. Additionally, QUE and TAX exhibited significant inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle accompanied by notable alterations in the morphology of TNBC/PR cells. This study provides valuable insights into potential of QUE and TAX targeting TMPRSS2 overexpressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Bhavani Kundrapu
- Cancer Biology, Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amajala Krishna Chaitanya
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kothapalli Manaswi
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology, Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology, Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Life Sciences, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Duragkar N, Chikhale R, Piechota M, Danta CC, Gandhale P, Itankar P, Chikhale S, Gurav N, Khan MS, Pokrzywa W, Thapa P, Bryce R, Gurav S. SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory potential of fish oil-derived 2-pyrone compounds by acquiring linoleic acid binding site on the spike protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133634. [PMID: 38964690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Traditional medicines have reportedly treated SARS-CoV-2 infection. Substantial evidence shows that fish oil supplements promote human immune function, suggesting they may lessen susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and suppress viral replication by inducing interferon. Fish oil was subjected to partition chromatography and separated into two compounds (EP01 and DH01). Isolated compounds were purified and characterized using UV, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry to confirm their identity. Molecular docking was studied on the SARS CoV-2 variants of concern; SARS CoV-2 WT (PDB: 6VXX), SARS CoV-2 Alpha variant (PDB: 7LWS), SARS CoV-2 Delta variant (PDB: 7TOU), SARS CoV-2 Gamma variant (PDB: 7V78), SARS CoV-2 Kappa variant (PDB: 7VX9), and SARS CoV-2 Omicron variant (PDB: 7QO7) and TMPRSS2 (PDB: 7Y0E). Further selected protein-ligand complexes were subjected to 100 ns MD simulations to predict their biological potential in the SARS-CoV-2 treatment. In-vitro biological studies were carried out to support in-silico findings. Isolated compounds EP01 and DH01 were identified as 5-Tridecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one and 5-Heptadecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one, respectively. The compound EP01 significantly reduced (93.24 %) the viral RNA copy number with an IC50 of ~8.661 μM. EP01 proved to be a potent antiviral by in-vitro method against the SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate, making it a promising antiviral candidate, with a single dose capable of preventing viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- UCL School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, Brunswick Square, London, UK; Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Malgorzata Piechota
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Pradeep Gandhale
- ICAR- National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal 462 022, India
| | - Prakash Itankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R. T. M. University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonali Chikhale
- School of Life Science, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wojciech Pokrzywa
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pankaj Thapa
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Richard Bryce
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India.
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Ho CY, Wei CY, Zhao RW, Ye YL, Huang HC, Lee JC, Cheng FJ, Huang WC. Artemisia argyi extracts overcome lapatinib resistance via enhancing TMPRSS2 activation in HER2-positive breast cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3389-3399. [PMID: 38445457 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the predominant malignancy and primary cause of cancer-related mortality among females globally. Approximately 25% of breast cancers exhibit HER2 overexpression, imparting a more aggressive tumor phenotype and correlating with poor prognoses. Patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (HER2 TKIs), such as Lapatinib, develop acquired resistance within a year, posing a critical challenge in managing this disease. Here, we explore the potential of Artemisia argyi, a Chinese herbal medicine known for its anti-cancer properties, in mitigating HER2 TKI resistance in breast cancer. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed diminished expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a subfamily of membrane proteolytic enzymes, in breast cancer patients, correlating with unfavorable outcomes. Intriguingly, lapatinib-responsive patients exhibited higher TMPRSS2 expression. Our study unveiled that the compounds from Artemisia argyi, eriodictyol, and umbelliferone could inhibit the growth of lapatinib-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, they suppressed HER2 kinase activation by enhancing TMPRSS2 activity. Our findings propose TMPRSS2 as a critical determinant in lapatinib sensitivity, and Artemisia argyi emerges as a potential agent to overcome lapatinib via activating TMPRSS2 in HER2-positive breast cancer. This study not only unravels the molecular mechanisms driving cell death in HER2-positive breast cancer cells induced by Artemisia argyi but also lays the groundwork for developing novel inhibitors to enhance therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Ho
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Family Medicine, Physical Examination Center, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Wen Zhao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Ye
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chih Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Cheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Naidu AS, Wang CK, Rao P, Mancini F, Clemens RA, Wirakartakusumah A, Chiu HF, Yen CH, Porretta S, Mathai I, Naidu SAG. Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:19. [PMID: 38555403 PMCID: PMC10981760 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is devoid of any metabolic capacity; therefore, it is critical for the viral pathogen to hijack host cellular metabolic machinery for its replication and propagation. This single-stranded RNA virus with a 29.9 kb genome encodes 14 open reading frames (ORFs) and initiates a plethora of virus-host protein-protein interactions in the human body. These extensive viral protein interactions with host-specific cellular targets could trigger severe human metabolic reprogramming/dysregulation (HMRD), a rewiring of sugar-, amino acid-, lipid-, and nucleotide-metabolism(s), as well as altered or impaired bioenergetics, immune dysfunction, and redox imbalance in the body. In the infectious process, the viral pathogen hijacks two major human receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 and/or neuropilin (NRP)-1, for initial adhesion to cell surface; then utilizes two major host proteases, TMPRSS2 and/or furin, to gain cellular entry; and finally employs an endosomal enzyme, cathepsin L (CTSL) for fusogenic release of its viral genome. The virus-induced HMRD results in 5 possible infectious outcomes: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe to fatal episodes; while the symptomatic acute COVID-19 condition could manifest into 3 clinical phases: (i) hypoxia and hypoxemia (Warburg effect), (ii) hyperferritinemia ('cytokine storm'), and (iii) thrombocytosis (coagulopathy). The mean incubation period for COVID-19 onset was estimated to be 5.1 days, and most cases develop symptoms after 14 days. The mean viral clearance times were 24, 30, and 39 days for acute, severe, and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients, respectively. However, about 25-70% of virus-free COVID-19 survivors continue to sustain virus-induced HMRD and exhibit a wide range of symptoms that are persistent, exacerbated, or new 'onset' clinical incidents, collectively termed as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. PASC patients experience several debilitating clinical condition(s) with >200 different and overlapping symptoms that may last for weeks to months. Chronic PASC is a cumulative outcome of at least 10 different HMRD-related pathophysiological mechanisms involving both virus-derived virulence factors and a multitude of innate host responses. Based on HMRD and virus-free clinical impairments of different human organs/systems, PASC patients can be categorized into 4 different clusters or sub-phenotypes: sub-phenotype-1 (33.8%) with cardiac and renal manifestations; sub-phenotype-2 (32.8%) with respiratory, sleep and anxiety disorders; sub-phenotype-3 (23.4%) with skeleto-muscular and nervous disorders; and sub-phenotype-4 (10.1%) with digestive and pulmonary dysfunctions. This narrative review elucidates the effects of viral hijack on host cellular machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensuing detrimental effect(s) of virus-induced HMRD on human metabolism, consequential symptomatic clinical implications, and damage to multiple organ systems; as well as chronic pathophysiological sequelae in virus-free PASC patients. We have also provided a few evidence-based, human randomized controlled trial (RCT)-tested, precision nutrients to reset HMRD for health recovery of PASC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satyanarayan Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA.
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA.
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, No.1, Campus New Village, Longjiang Street, Fuqing City, Fujian, China
| | - Fabrizio Mancini
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President-Emeritus, Parker University, 2540 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX, 75229, USA
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy/D. K. Kim International Center for Regulatory & Quality Sciences, 1540 Alcazar St., CHP 140, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Aman Wirakartakusumah
- International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST), Guelph, ON, Canada
- IPMI International Business School Jakarta; South East Asian Food and Agriculture Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health & Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sebastiano Porretta
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President, Italian Association of Food Technology (AITA), Milan, Italy
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Department of Consumer Science, Viale Tanara 31/a, I-43121, Parma, Italy
| | - Issac Mathai
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- Soukya International Holistic Health Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sreus A G Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA
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Chen Y, Liu P, Zhang Z, Ye Y, Yi S, Fan C, Zhao W, Liu J. Genetic overlap and causality between COVID-19 and multi-site chronic pain: the importance of immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1277720. [PMID: 38633255 PMCID: PMC11022998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1277720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of chronic pain increases susceptibility to virus and is now widely acknowledged as a prominent feature recognized as a major manifestation of long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to explore the genetic associations between chronic pain and predisposition to COVID-19. Methods We conducted genetic analysis at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gene, and molecular levels using summary statistics of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and analyzed the drug targets by summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis (SMR) to alleviate the multi-site chronic pain in COVID-19. Additionally, we performed a latent causal variable (LCV) method to investigate the causal relationship between chronic pain and susceptibility to COVID-19. Results The cross-trait meta-analysis identified 19 significant SNPs shared between COVID-19 and chronic pain. Coloc analysis indicated that the posterior probability of association (PPH4) for three loci was above 70% in both critical COVID-19 and COVID-19, with the corresponding top three SNPs being rs13135092, rs7588831, and rs13135092. A total of 482 significant overlapped genes were detected from MAGMA and CPASSOC results. Additionally, the gene ANAPC4 was identified as a potential drug target for treating chronic pain (P=7.66E-05) in COVID-19 (P=8.23E-03). Tissue enrichment analysis highlighted that the amygdala (P=7.81E-04) and prefrontal cortex (P=8.19E-05) as pivotal in regulating chronic pain of critical COVID-19. KEGG pathway enrichment further revealed the enrichment of pleiotropic genes in both COVID-19 (P=3.20E-03,Padjust=4.77E-02,hsa05171) and neurotrophic pathways (P=9.03E-04,Padjust =2.55E-02,hsa04621). Finally, the latent causal variable (LCV) model was applied to find the genetic component of critical COVID-19 was causal for multi-site chronic pain (P=0.015), with a genetic causality proportion (GCP) of was 0.60. Conclusions In this study, we identified several functional genes and underscored the pivotal role of the inflammatory system in the correlation between the paired traits. Notably, heat shock proteins emerged as potential objective biomarkers for chronic pain symptoms in individuals with COVID-19. Additionally, the ubiquitin system might play a role in mediating the impact of COVID-19 on chronic pain. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the pleiotropy between COVID-19 and chronic pain, offering insights for therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingling Ye
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sijie Yi
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Fan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Mardelle U, Bretaud N, Daher C, Feuillet V. From pain to tumor immunity: influence of peripheral sensory neurons in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335387. [PMID: 38433844 PMCID: PMC10905387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are the primary sensory interfaces of the body, allowing it to recognize, process, and respond to various stimuli from both the external and internal environment. These systems work in concert through various mechanisms of neuro-immune crosstalk to detect threats, provide defense against pathogens, and maintain or restore homeostasis, but can also contribute to the development of diseases. Among peripheral sensory neurons (PSNs), nociceptive PSNs are of particular interest. They possess a remarkable capability to detect noxious stimuli in the periphery and transmit this information to the brain, resulting in the perception of pain and the activation of adaptive responses. Pain is an early symptom of cancer, often leading to its diagnosis, but it is also a major source of distress for patients as the disease progresses. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the mechanisms within tumors that are likely to induce cancer pain, exploring a range of factors from etiological elements to cellular and molecular mediators. In addition to transmitting sensory information to the central nervous system, PSNs are also capable, when activated, to produce and release neuropeptides (e.g., CGRP and SP) from their peripheral terminals. These neuropeptides have been shown to modulate immunity in cases of inflammation, infection, and cancer. PSNs, often found within solid tumors, are likely to play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment, potentially influencing both tumor growth and anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about the degree of sensory innervation in tumors. We also seek to understand whether and how PSNs may influence the tumor growth and associated anti-tumor immunity in different mouse models of cancer. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the tumor is able to influence the development and functions of the PSNs that innervate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Mardelle
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Ninon Bretaud
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Clara Daher
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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Sawicki CM, Janal MN, Gonzalez SH, Wu AK, Schmidt BL, Albertson DG. Measurement of the Association of Pain with Clinical Characteristics in Oral Cancer Patients at Diagnosis and Prior to Cancer Treatment. J Pain Res 2024; 17:501-508. [PMID: 38328017 PMCID: PMC10848821 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s423318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Oral cancer patients suffer pain at the site of the cancer, which degrades quality of life (QoL). The University of California San Francisco Oral Cancer Pain Questionnaire (UCSFOCPQ), the only validated instrument specifically designed for measuring oral cancer pain, measures the intensity and nature of pain and the level of functional restriction due to pain. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare pain reported by untreated oral cancer patients on the UCSFOCPQ with pain they reported on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), an instrument widely used to evaluate cancer and non-cancer pain. Patients and Methods The correlation between pain measured by the two instruments and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Thirty newly diagnosed oral cancer patients completed the UCSFOCPQ and the BPI. Results Pain severity measurements made by the UCSFOCPQ and BPI were concordant; however, the widely used BPI average pain over 24 hours score appeared less sensitive to detect association of oral cancer pain with clinical characteristics of patients prior to treatment (nodal status, depth of invasion, DOI). A BPI average score that includes responses to questions that measure both pain severity and interference with function performs similarly to the UCSFOCPQ in detection of associations with nodal status, pathologic T stage (pT stage), stage and depth of invasion (DOI). Conclusion Pain assessment instruments that measure sensory and interference dimensions of oral cancer pain correlate with biologic features and clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Sawicki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malvin N Janal
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung Hye Gonzalez
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angie K Wu
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna G Albertson
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Kume M, Ahmad A, DeFea KA, Vagner J, Dussor G, Boitano S, Price TJ. Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) Expressed in Sensory Neurons Contributes to Signs of Pain and Neuropathy in Paclitaxel Treated Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1980-1993. [PMID: 37315729 PMCID: PMC10615692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, dose-limiting side effect of cancer therapy. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is implicated in a variety of pathologies, including CIPN. In this study, we demonstrate the role of PAR2 expressed in sensory neurons in a paclitaxel (PTX)-induced model of CIPN in mice. PAR2 knockout/wildtype (WT) mice and mice with PAR2 ablated in sensory neurons were treated with PTX administered via intraperitoneal injection. In vivo behavioral studies were done in mice using von Frey filaments and the Mouse Grimace Scale. We then examined immunohistochemical staining of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hind paw skin samples from CIPN mice to measure satellite cell gliosis and intra-epidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density. The pharmacological reversal of CIPN pain was tested with the PAR2 antagonist C781. Mechanical allodynia caused by PTX treatment was alleviated in PAR2 knockout mice of both sexes. In the PAR2 sensory neuronal conditional knockout (cKO) mice, both mechanical allodynia and facial grimacing were attenuated in mice of both sexes. In the DRG of the PTX-treated PAR2 cKO mice, satellite glial cell activation was reduced compared to control mice. IENF density analysis of the skin showed that the PTX-treated control mice had a reduction in nerve fiber density while the PAR2 cKO mice had a comparable skin innervation as the vehicle-treated animals. Similar results were seen with satellite cell gliosis in the DRG, where gliosis induced by PTX was absent in PAR cKO mice. Finally, C781 was able to transiently reverse established PTX-evoked mechanical allodynia. PERSPECTIVE: Our work demonstrates that PAR2 expressed in sensory neurons plays a key role in PTX-induced mechanical allodynia, spontaneous pain, and signs of neuropathy, suggesting PAR2 as a possible therapeutic target in multiple aspects of PTX CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeno Kume
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | | | | | - Gregory Dussor
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
| | - Scott Boitano
- University of Arizona Bio5 Research Institute
- University of Arizona Heath Sciences, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center
- University of Arizona Heath Sciences, Department of Physiology
| | - Theodore J. Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies
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9
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Zhu C, Wu J, Shelat VG, Sayagués JM, Yamamoto S, Yang L, He X. Transmembrane serine protease 2, a SARS-CoV-2 internalization protease, correlates with clinical outcome, molecular features, and immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2146-2157. [PMID: 37969833 PMCID: PMC10643587 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) mediates the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into host cells. The relevant research indicates the intestine to be a target of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thus we aimed to investigate the correlation between TMPRSS2 expression and the prognosis, molecular features, and immunotherapy response in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used in this study and a total of 1,385 patients were identified. The CIBERSORT algorithms were used to evaluate the relative infiltration levels of immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The correlation between TMPRSS2 expression and immunotherapy response rate was assessed in another 2 independent cohorts. Results TMPRSS2 expression was significantly downregulated in cancer tissue compared to the adjacent normal tissue, and patients with CRC with lower TMPRSS2 expression showed notably poorer prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis found that low TMPRSS2 expression was significantly associated with cancer metastasis-related pathways. Further analysis based on the miRWalk tool and JASPAR database identified a list of microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcriptional factors targeting TMPRSS2. Distinct differences in immune cell infiltration and tumor purity reflected by estimate and mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity score were observed between patients with low and high TMPRSS2 expression levels. Interestingly, patients with a low TMPRSS2 expression level showed a higher response rate to immunotherapy. Conclusions CRC cells may be more resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the decreased expression of TMPRSS2, which could be a newly identified biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response prediction in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Vishal G. Shelat
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - José María Sayagués
- Pathology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Seiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Li Yang
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
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10
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Spinello A, D'Anna L, Bignon E, Miclot T, Grandemange S, Terenzi A, Barone G, Barbault F, Monari A. Mechanism of the Covalent Inhibition of Human Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 as an Original Antiviral Strategy. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37428676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is a human enzyme which is involved in the maturation and post-translation of different proteins. In addition to being overexpressed in cancer cells, TMPRSS2 plays a further fundamental role in favoring viral infections by allowing the fusion of the virus envelope with the cellular membrane, notably in SARS-CoV-2. In this contribution, we resort to multiscale molecular modeling to unravel the structural and dynamical features of TMPRSS2 and its interaction with a model lipid bilayer. Furthermore, we shed light on the mechanism of action of a potential inhibitor (nafamostat), determining the free-energy profile associated with the inhibition reaction and showing the facile poisoning of the enzyme. Our study, while providing the first atomistically resolved mechanism of TMPRSS2 inhibition, is also fundamental in furnishing a solid framework for further rational design targeting transmembrane proteases in a host-directed antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Spinello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Palermo, 90126 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa D'Anna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Palermo, 90126 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Bignon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Tom Miclot
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Palermo, 90126 Palermo, Italy
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Alessio Terenzi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Palermo, 90126 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Palermo, 90126 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Monari
- Université Paris Cité and CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006 Paris, France
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11
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Ye X, Ling X, Wu M, Bai G, Yuan M, Rao L. Improving Soluble Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Priming Protease TMPRSS2 with an Artificial Fusing Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10475. [PMID: 37445653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 relies on the recognition of the spike protein by the host cell receptor ACE2 for cellular entry. In this process, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) plays a pivotal role, as it acts as the principal priming agent catalyzing spike protein cleavage to initiate the fusion of the cell membrane with the virus. Thus, TMPRSS2 is an ideal pharmacological target for COVID-19 therapy development, and the effective production of high-quality TMPRSS2 protein is essential for basic and pharmacological research. Unfortunately, as a mammalian-originated protein, TMPRSS2 could not be solubly expressed in the prokaryotic system. In this study, we applied different protein engineering methods and found that an artificial protein XXA derived from an antifreeze protein can effectively promote the proper folding of TMPRSS2, leading to a significant improvement in the yield of its soluble form. Our study also showed that the fused XXA protein did not influence the enzymatic catalytic activity; instead, it greatly enhanced TMPRSS2's thermostability. Therefore, our strategy for increasing TMPRSS2 expression would be beneficial for the large-scale production of this stable enzyme, which would accelerate aniti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Ling
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Min Wu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Guijie Bai
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lang Rao
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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12
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Zabiegala A, Kim Y, Chang KO. Roles of host proteases in the entry of SARS-CoV-2. ANIMAL DISEASES 2023; 3:12. [PMID: 37128508 PMCID: PMC10125864 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry, thus a major factor for host susceptibility, tissue tropism, virulence and pathogenicity. The S is divided with S1 and S2 region, and the S1 contains the receptor-binding domain (RBD), while the S2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host cell. Numerous host proteases have been implicated in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S through various cleavage sites. In this article, we review host proteases including furin, trypsin, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsins in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S. Many betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 have polybasic residues at the S1/S2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by furin. The S1/S2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2, and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the S2' site to proteases such as type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTPRs) including TMPRSS2. In the presence of TMPRSS2 on the target cells, SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular membrane. In the absence of TMPRSS2, SARS-CoV-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the S for the successful entry. Additional host proteases involved in the cleavage of the S were discussed. This article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of SARS-CoV-2, and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Zabiegala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
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13
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Kume M, Ahmad A, Shiers S, Burton MD, DeFea KA, Vagner J, Dussor G, Boitano S, Price TJ. C781, a β-Arrestin Biased Antagonist at Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR2), Displays in vivo Efficacy Against Protease-Induced Pain in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:605-616. [PMID: 36417966 PMCID: PMC10079573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the limited options and often harmful side effects of current analgesics and the suffering caused by the opioid crisis, new classes of pain therapeutics are needed. Protease-activated receptors (PARs), particularly PAR2, are implicated in a variety of pathologies, including pain. Since the discovery of the role of PAR2 in pain, development of potent and specific antagonists has been slow. In this study, we describe the in vivo characterization of a novel small molecule/peptidomimetic hybrid compound, C781, as a β-arrestin-biased PAR2 antagonist. In vivo behavioral studies were done in mice using von Frey filaments and the Mouse Grimace Scale. Pharmacokinetic studies were done to assess pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship in vivo. We used both prevention and reversal paradigms with protease treatment to determine whether C781 could attenuate protease-evoked pain. C781 effectively prevented and reversed mechanical and spontaneous nociceptive behaviors in response to small molecule PAR2 agonists, mast cell activators, and neutrophil elastase. The ED50 of C781 (intraperitoneal dosing) for inhibition of PAR2 agonist (20.9 ng 2-AT)-evoked nociception was 6.3 mg/kg. C781 was not efficacious in the carrageenan inflammation model. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated limited long-term systemic bioavailability for C781 suggesting that optimizing pharmacokinetic properties could improve in vivo efficacy. Our work demonstrates in vivo efficacy of a biased PAR2 antagonist that selectively inhibits β-arrestin/MAPK signaling downstream of PAR2. Given the importance of this signaling pathway in PAR2-evoked nociception, C781 exemplifies a key pharmacophore for PAR2 that can be optimized for clinical development. PERSPECTIVE: Our work provides evidence that PAR2 antagonists that only block certain aspects of signaling by the receptor can be effective for blocking protease-evoked pain in mice. This is important because it creates a rationale for developing safer PAR2-targeting approaches for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeno Kume
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Michael D Burton
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | | | - Josef Vagner
- University of Arizona Bio5 Institute, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gregory Dussor
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Scott Boitano
- University of Arizona Bio5 Institute, Tucson, Arizona; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Heath Sciences, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Heath Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas.
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14
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Meng M, Gao R, Liu Z, Liu F, Du S, Song Y, He J. Ginsenosides, potential TMPRSS2 inhibitors, a trade-off between the therapeutic combination for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and the treatment of COVID-19 infection of LUAD patients. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1085509. [PMID: 36992839 PMCID: PMC10040610 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1085509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acting as a viral entry for coronavirus to invade human cells, TMPRSS2 has become a target for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Before this, TMPRSS2 has presented biological functions in cancer, but the roles remain controversial and the mechanism remains unelucidated. Some chemicals have been reported to be inhibitors of TMPRSS2 and also demonstrated other pharmacological properties. At this stage, it is important to discover more new compounds targeting TMPRSS2, especially from natural products, for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection.Methods: We analyzed the correlation between TMPRSS2 expression, methylation level, overall survival rate, clinical parameters, biological process, and determined the correlation between TMPRSS2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor and adjacent normal tissue of adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) respectively by using various types of bioinformatics approaches. Moreover, we determined the correlation between TMPRSS2 protein level and the prognosis of LUAD and LUSC cohorts by immunohistochemistry assay. Furthermore, the cancer immunome atlas (TCIA) database was used to predict the relationship between the expression of TMPRSS2 and response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blocker immunotherapy in lung cancer patients. Finally, the putative binding site of ginsenosides bound to TMPRSS2 protein was built from homology modeling to screen high-potency TMPRSS2 inhibitors.Results: We found that TMPRSS2 recruits various types of immunocytes, including CD8+, CD4+ T cells, B cells and DCs both in LUAD and LUSC patients, and the correlation between TMPRSS2 expression and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are stronger in LUAD rather than in LUSC, but excludes macrophages and neutrophils in LUAD patient cohorts. These might be the reason that higher mRNA and protein levels of TMPRSS2 are associated with better prognosis in LUAD cohorts rather than in LUSC cohorts. Furthermore, we found that TMPRSS2 was positively correlated with the prognosis in patient nonresponse to anti-PD-1 therapy. Therefore, we made an inference that increasing the expression level of TMPRSS2 may improve the anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, five ginsenosides candidates with high inhibition potency were screened from the natural chemical library to be used as TMPRSS2 inhibitors.Conclusion: All these may imply that TMPRSS2 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and serve as a potential immunomodulator target of immunotherapy combination therapies in LUAD patients nonresponse to anti-PD-1 therapy. Also, these findings may suggest we should pay more attention to LUAD patients, especially those infected with COVID-19, who should avoid medicating TMPRSS2 inhibitors, such as ginsenosides to gain prophylactic and therapeutic benefits against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Engineering Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
- School of Computer Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jian He, ; Yizhi Song, ; Shiyu Du,
| | - Yizhi Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian He, ; Yizhi Song, ; Shiyu Du,
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian He, ; Yizhi Song, ; Shiyu Du,
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15
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Cheng Y, Clark AE, Yim W, Borum RM, Chang YC, Jin Z, He T, Carlin AF, Jokerst JV. Protease-Responsive Potential-Tunable AIEgens for Cell Selective Imaging of TMPRSS2 and Accurate Inhibitor Screening. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3789-3798. [PMID: 36753444 PMCID: PMC10614162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is a plasma membrane protease that activates both spike protein of coronaviruses for cell entry and oncogenic signaling pathways for tumor progression. TMPRSS2 inhibition can reduce cancer invasion and metastasis and partially prevent the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. Thus, there is an urgent need for both TMPRSS2-selective imaging and precise screening of TMPRSS2 inhibitors. Here, we report a TMPRSS2-responsive surface-potential-tunable peptide-conjugated probe (EGTP) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features for TMPRSS2 selective imaging and accurate inhibitor screening. The amphiphilic EGTP was constructed with tunable surface potential and responsive efficiency with TMPRSS2 and its inhibitor. The rational construction of AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with modular peptides indicated that the cleavage of EGTP led to a gradual aggregation with bright fluorescence in high TMPRSS2-expressing cells. This strategy may have value for selective detection of cancer cells, SARS-CoV-2-target cells, and screening of protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Raina M Borum
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yu-Ci Chang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tengyu He
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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16
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Gunne S, Schwerdtner M, Henke M, Schneider AK, Keutmann L, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Schiffmann S. TMPRSS2 Impacts Cytokine Expression in Murine Dendritic Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020419. [PMID: 36830955 PMCID: PMC9952936 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) proteolytically activates the envelope proteins of several viruses for viral entry via membrane fusion and is therefore an interesting and promising target for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. However, the use of a host protein as a target may lead to potential side effects, especially on the immune system. We examined the effect of a genetic deletion of TMPRSS2 on dendritic cells. METHODS Bone marrow cells from wild-type (WT) and TMPRSS2-deficient mice (TMPRSS2-/-) were differentiated to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and classical DCs (cDCs) and activated with various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. We analyzed the released cytokines and the mRNA expression of chemokine receptors, TLR7, TLR9, IRF7 and TCF4 stimulation. RESULTS In cDCs, the lack of TMPRSS2 led to an increase in IL12 and IFNγ in TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod or TLR 9 agonist ODN 1668-activated cells. Only IL-10 was reduced in TMPRSS2-/- cells in comparison to WT cells activated with ODN 1668. In resiquimod-activated pDCs, the lack of TMPRSS2 led to a decrease in IL-6, IL-10 and INFγ. ODN 1668 activation led to a reduction in IFNα. The effect on receptor expression in pDCs and cDCs was low. CONCLUSION The effect of TMPRSS2 on pDCS and cDCs depends on the activated TLR, and TMPRSS2 seems to affect cytokine release differently in pDCs and cDCs. In cDCs, TMPRSS2 seems to suppress cytokine release, whereas in pDCS TMPRSS2 possibly mediates cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gunne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69870025073
| | - Marie Schwerdtner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucas Keutmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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17
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Peach CJ, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Bunnett NW, Schmidt BL. Protease-activated receptors in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:717-785. [PMID: 35901239 PMCID: PMC9662810 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are signaling molecules that specifically control cellular functions by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs). The four known PARs are members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors. These transmembrane receptors control most physiological and pathological processes and are the target of a large proportion of therapeutic drugs. Signaling proteases include enzymes from the circulation; from immune, inflammatory epithelial, and cancer cells; as well as from commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Advances in our understanding of the structure and function of PARs provide insights into how diverse proteases activate these receptors to regulate physiological and pathological processes in most tissues and organ systems. The realization that proteases and PARs are key mediators of disease, coupled with advances in understanding the atomic level structure of PARs and their mechanisms of signaling in subcellular microdomains, has spurred the development of antagonists, some of which have advanced to the clinic. Herein we review the discovery, structure, and function of this receptor system, highlight the contribution of PARs to homeostatic control, and discuss the potential of PAR antagonists for the treatment of major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Peach
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Laura E Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
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18
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Nirgude S, Desai S, Choudhary B. Genome-wide differential DNA methylation analysis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with curcumin derivatives, ST08 and ST09. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:807. [PMID: 36474139 PMCID: PMC9727864 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ST08 and ST09 are potent curcumin derivatives with antiproliferative, apoptotic, and migrastatic properties. Both ST08 and ST09 exhibit in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties. As reported earlier, these derivatives were highly cytotoxic towards MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells with IC50 values in the nanomolar (40-80nM) range.In this study,we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing(WGBS) of untreated (control), ST08 and ST09 (treated) triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 to unravel epigenetic changes induced by the drug. We identified differentially methylated sites (DMSs) enriched in promoter regions across the genome. Analysis of the CpG island promoter methylation identified 12 genes common to both drugs, and 50% of them are known to be methylated in patient samples that were hypomethylated by drugs belonging to the homeobox family transcription factors.Methylation analysis of the gene body revealed 910 and 952 genes to be hypermethylatedin ST08 and ST09 treated MDA-MB-231 cells respectively. Correlation of the gene body hypermethylation with expression revealed CACNAH1 to be upregulated in ST08 treatment and CDH23 upregulation in ST09.Further, integrated analysis of the WGBS with RNA-seq identified uniquely altered pathways - ST08 altered ECM pathway, and ST09 cell cycle, indicating drug-specific signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Nirgude
- grid.418831.70000 0004 0500 991XInstitute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, 560100 Bangalore, India ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Working at Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104 Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Sagar Desai
- grid.418831.70000 0004 0500 991XInstitute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, 560100 Bangalore, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- grid.418831.70000 0004 0500 991XInstitute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, 560100 Bangalore, India
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19
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Sawicki CM, Janal MN, Nicholson SJ, Wu AK, Schmidt BL, Albertson DG. Oral cancer patients experience mechanical and chemical sensitivity at the site of the cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1165. [PMID: 36368973 PMCID: PMC9650819 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral cancer patients suffer severe chronic and mechanically-induced pain at the site of the cancer. Our clinical experience is that oral cancer patients report new sensitivity to spicy foods. We hypothesized that in cancer patients, mechanical and chemical sensitivity would be greater when measured at the cancer site compared to a contralateral matched normal site. METHODS We determined mechanical pain thresholds (MPT) on the right and left sides of the tongue of 11 healthy subjects, and at the cancer and contralateral matched normal site in 11 oral cancer patients in response to von Frey filaments in the range of 0.008 to 300 g (normally not reported as painful). We evaluated chemical sensitivity in 13 healthy subjects and seven cancer patients, who rated spiciness/pain on a visual analog scale in response to exposure to six paper strips impregnated with capsaicin (0-10 mM). RESULTS Mechanical detection thresholds (MDT) were recorded for healthy subjects, but not MPTs. By contrast, MPTs were measured at the site of the cancer in oral cancer patients (7/11 patients). No MPTs were measured at the cancer patients' contralateral matched normal sites. Measured MPTs were correlated with patients' responses to the University of California Oral Cancer Pain Questionnaire. Capsaicin sensitivity at the site of the cancer was evident in cancer patients by a leftward shift of the cancer site capsaicin dose-response curve compared to that of the patient's contralateral matched normal site. We detected no difference in capsaicin sensitivity on the right and left sides of tongues of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical and chemical sensitivity testing was well tolerated by the majority of oral cancer patients. Sensitivity is greater at the site of the cancer than at a contralateral matched normal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Sawicki
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, Room 301, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Samuel J. Nicholson
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Angie K. Wu
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753NYU Oral Cancer Center, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Donna G. Albertson
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753NYU Oral Cancer Center, New York University College of Dentistry, 421 First Avenue, Room 233W, New York, NY 10010 USA
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20
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Dubeykovskaya ZA, Tu NH, Garcia PDR, Schmidt BL, Albertson DG. Oral Cancer Cells Release Vesicles that Cause Pain. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200073. [PMID: 35802912 PMCID: PMC9474716 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer pain is attributed to the release from cancers of mediators that sensitize and activate sensory neurons. Intraplantar injection of conditioned media (CM) from human tongue cancer cell line HSC-3 or OSC-20 evokes nociceptive behavior. By contrast, CM from noncancer cell lines, DOK, and HaCaT are non-nociceptive. Pain mediators are carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cancer cells. Depletion of EVs from cancer cell line CM reverses mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. CM from non-nociceptive cell lines become nociceptive when reconstituted with HSC-3 EVs. Two miRNAs (hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-221-3p) are identified that are present in increased abundance in EVs from HSC-3 and OSC-20 CM compared to HaCaT CM. The miRNA target genes suggest potential involvement in oral cancer pain of the toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) and 8 (TLR8) pathways, as well as signaling through interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer receptor (gp130, encoded by IL6ST) and colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR, encoded by CSF3R), Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3). These studies confirm the recent discovery of the role of cancer EVs in pain and add to the repertoire of algesic and analgesic cancer pain mediators and pathways that contribute to oral cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida A Dubeykovskaya
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Nguyen Huu Tu
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Paulina D Ramírez Garcia
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Donna G Albertson
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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21
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Zhuo X, Wu Y, Fu X, Liang X, Xiang Y, Li J, Mao C, Jiang Y. The Yin‐Yang roles of protease‐activated receptors in inflammatory signalling and diseases. FEBS J 2022; 289:4000-4020. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhuo
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Yuxin Xiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Jianbin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Canquan Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
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22
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David A, Parkinson N, Peacock TP, Pairo-Castineira E, Khanna T, Cobat A, Tenesa A, Sancho-Shimizu V, Casanova JL, Abel L, Barclay WS, Baillie JK, Sternberg MJ. A common TMPRSS2 variant has a protective effect against severe COVID-19. Curr Res Transl Med 2022; 70:103333. [PMID: 35104687 PMCID: PMC8743599 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human protein transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it is required to activate the virus' spike protein, facilitating entry into target cells. We hypothesized that naturally-occurring TMPRSS2 human genetic variants affecting the structure and function of the TMPRSS2 protein may modulate the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We focused on the only common TMPRSS2 non-synonymous variant predicted to be damaging (rs12329760 C>T, p.V160M), which has a minor allele frequency ranging from 0.14 in Ashkenazi Jewish to 0.38 in East Asians. We analysed the association between the rs12329760 and COVID-19 severity in 2,244 critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 208 UK intensive care units recruited as part of the GenOMICC (Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care) study. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for sex, age and deprivation index. For in vitro studies, HEK293 cells were co-transfected with ACE2 and either TMPRSS2 wild type or mutant (TMPRSS2V160M). A SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry assay was used to investigate the ability of TMPRSS2V160M to promote viral entry. RESULTS We show that the T allele of rs12329760 is associated with a reduced likelihood of developing severe COVID-19 (OR 0.87, 95%CI:0.79-0.97, p = 0.01). This association was stronger in homozygous individuals when compared to the general population (OR 0.65, 95%CI:0.50-0.84, p = 1.3 × 10-3). We demonstrate in vitro that this variant, which causes the amino acid substitution valine to methionine, affects the catalytic activity of TMPRSS2 and is less able to support SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated entry into cells. CONCLUSION TMPRSS2 rs12329760 is a common variant associated with a significantly decreased risk of severe COVID-19. Further studies are needed to assess the expression of TMPRSS2 across different age groups. Moreover, our results identify TMPRSS2 as a promising drug target, with a potential role for camostat mesilate, a drug approved for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and postoperative reflux esophagitis, in the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical trials are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia David
- Centre for Integrative System Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Nicholas Parkinson
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Thomas P Peacock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Tarun Khanna
- Centre for Integrative System Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aurelie Cobat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, EU France
| | - Albert Tenesa
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, EU France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, EU France
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK; Intenstive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 54 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK
| | - Michael Je Sternberg
- Centre for Integrative System Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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23
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Ye Y, Jensen DD, Viet CT, Pan HL, Campana WM, Amit M, Boada MD. Advances in Head and Neck Cancer Pain. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1025-1033. [PMID: 35416080 PMCID: PMC9305840 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221088527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) affects over 890,000 people annually worldwide and has a mortality rate of 50%. Aside from poor survival, HNC pain impairs eating, drinking, and talking in patients, severely reducing quality of life. Different pain phenotype in patients (allodynia, hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain) results from a combination of anatomical, histopathological, and molecular differences between cancers. Poor pathologic features (e.g., perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis) are associated with increased pain. The use of syngeneic/immunocompetent animal models, as well as a new mouse model of perineural invasion, provides novel insights into the pathobiology of HNC pain. Glial and immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment affect not only cancer progression but also pain signaling. For example, Schwann cells promote cancer cell proliferation, migration, and secretion of nociceptive mediators, whereas neutrophils are implicated in sex differences in pain in animal models of HNC. Emerging evidence supports the existence of a functional loop of cross-activation between the tumor microenvironment and peripheral nerves, mediated by a molecular exchange of bioactive contents (pronociceptive and protumorigenic) via paracrine and autocrine signaling. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor necrosis factor α, legumain, cathepsin S, and A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 expressed in the HNC microenvironment have recently been shown to promote HNC pain, further highlighting the importance of proinflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and proteases in mediating HNC-associated pain. Pronociceptive mediators, together with nerve injury, cause nociceptor hypersensitivity. Oncogenic, pronociceptive mediators packaged in cancer cell-derived exosomes also induce nociception in mice. In addition to increased production of pronociceptive mediators, HNC is accompanied by a dampened endogenous antinociception system (e.g., downregulation of resolvins and µ-opioid receptor expression). Resolvin treatment or gene delivery of µ-opioid receptors provides pain relief in preclinical HNC models. Collectively, recent studies suggest that pain and HNC progression share converging mechanisms that can be targeted for cancer treatment and pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ye
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - D D Jensen
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - C T Viet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - H L Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W M Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,San Diego Veterans Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M D Boada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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24
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Rokni M, Heidari Nia M, Sarhadi M, Mirinejad S, Sargazi S, Moudi M, Saravani R, Rahdar S, Kargar M. Association of TMPRSS2 Gene Polymorphisms with COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: a Case-Control Study with Computational Analyses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3507-3526. [PMID: 35386063 PMCID: PMC8986508 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe disease caused by a new variant of beta-coronavirus that first appeared in China. Human genetic factors, including polymorphisms, serve pivotal roles in the high transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the stubbornly progressing sickness seen in a small but significant percentage of infected people; however, but these factors remain ill-defined. A total of 288 COVID-19 patients and 288 controls were genotyped for TMPRSS2 polymorphisms using both restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR techniques. Different genotypes of TMPRSS2 polymorphisms were compared in terms of disease susceptibility and mortality. The statistical analysis showed that minor alleles of all studied variants statistically increased the risk of COVID-19, except for the rs75603675 C > A variant. The T allele of rs12329760 conferred an increased risk of COVID-19. Moreover, the AG/AC/TT/AG combination of genotypes significantly enhanced the risk of COVID-19 in our population. Different haplotypes of rs17854725/rs75603675/rs12329760/rs4303795 polymorphisms, including GACA, GACG, GATG, GATA, AATA, ACCG, ACTG, ACTA, GCCA, and GCTG, were found to be associated with increased risk of the disease (odds ratio > 1). Regarding the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, a statistically significant difference was found between non-severe and severe forms except for gender, platelet, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and underlying diseases. In addition, case genotypes of TMPRSS2 rs17854725 A > G, rs12329760 C > T, and rs4303795 A > G were significantly different regarding severe and non-severe forms of the disease (P-value < 0.001). Specifically, death was more frequent in carriers of the AG genotype of rs17854725 A > G (P-value = 0.022). Patients who carry the minor alleles of the four studied TMPRSS2 variants were rather vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Our findings indicated that rs17854725 A > G (AA vs. AG and AA vs. GG), rs12329760 C > T (CC vs. CT and CC vs. TT), and rs4303795 A > G (AA vs. AG) genotypes of TMPRSS2 variations are associated with a more invasive disorder pattern. More studies on larger populations are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Heidari Nia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran.
| | - Mahdiyeh Moudi
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sara Rahdar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Maryam Kargar
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Schneider MA, Richtmann S, Gründing AR, Wrenger S, Welte T, Meister M, Kriegsmann M, Winter H, Muley T, Janciauskiene S. Transmembrane serine protease 2 is a prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:39. [PMID: 35211754 PMCID: PMC8878627 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) has been intensively investigated during the current Sars-CoV-2 pandemic as a virus activating protease. Furthermore, TMPRSS2 is an oncogenic gene associated with several cancer entities. Co-expression of TMPRSS2 and serpin family A member 1 (SERPINA1) (encoding alpha-1-antitrypsin; AAT) has been reported in the human lung. Recently, AAT was identified as a novel TMPRSS2 inhibitor. We previously reported that lower SERPINA1 expression in tumor tissues and higher levels of plasma AAT are associated with worse survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we sought to examine TMPRSS2 and SERPINA1/AAT expression in tumor and adjacent lung tissues from 347 NSCLC patients. Based on clinical data and gene expression analysis, we performed Cox regression for the survival analysis, and correlated TMPRSS2 and AAT protein levels in tissue samples by immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. We found that lower TMPRSS2 expression in tumor compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues is linked to a poor overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC) and those who are current smokers. IHC staining of TMPRSS2 validated our findings in regard to overall survival while we did not observe a correlation with AAT staining. Based on western blot analyses, we found only a slight negative correlation between full-length TMPRSS2 and AAT in non-tumor tissues, which seems to be related to smoking status. Taken together, we demonstrated that TMPRSS2 is a prognostic factor in patients with lung ADC; however, a link between AAT and TMPRSS2 proteins warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Richtmann
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna R Gründing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Wrenger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Translational Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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26
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Tu NH, Inoue K, Chen E, Anderson BM, Sawicki CM, Scheff NN, Tran HD, Kim DH, Alemu RG, Yang L, Dolan JC, Liu CZ, Janal MN, Latorre R, Jensen DD, Bunnett NW, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Schmidt BL. Cathepsin S Evokes PAR 2-Dependent Pain in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients and Preclinical Mouse Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4697. [PMID: 34572924 PMCID: PMC8466361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) pain is more prevalent and severe than pain generated by any other form of cancer. We previously showed that protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) contributes to oral SCC pain. Cathepsin S is a lysosomal cysteine protease released during injury and disease that can activate PAR2. We report here a role for cathepsin S in PAR2-dependent cancer pain. We report that cathepsin S was more active in human oral SCC than matched normal tissue, and in an orthotopic xenograft tongue cancer model than normal tongue. The multiplex immunolocalization of cathepsin S in human oral cancers suggests that carcinoma and macrophages generate cathepsin S in the oral cancer microenvironment. After cheek or paw injection, cathepsin S evoked nociception in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking PAR2 in Nav1.8-positive neurons (Par2Nav1.8), nor in mice treated with LY3000328 or an endogenous cathepsin S inhibitor (cystatin C). The human oral SCC cell line (HSC-3) with homozygous deletion of the gene for cathepsin S (CTSS) with CRISPR/Cas9 provoked significantly less mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, as did those treated with LY3000328, compared to the control cancer mice. Our results indicate that cathepsin S is activated in oral SCC, and that cathepsin S contributes to cancer pain through PAR2 on neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huu Tu
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Kenji Inoue
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Elyssa Chen
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Bethany M. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Caroline M. Sawicki
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Nicole N. Scheff
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
- Hillman Cancer Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Hung D. Tran
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Dong H. Kim
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Robel G. Alemu
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Lei Yang
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - John C. Dolan
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Cheng Z. Liu
- Pathology Department, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Malvin N. Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (R.L.); (N.W.B.)
| | - Dane D. Jensen
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (R.L.); (N.W.B.)
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (R.L.); (N.W.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Laura E. Edgington-Mitchell
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University (NYU) College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (E.C.); (C.M.S.); (N.N.S.); (H.D.T.); (D.H.K.); (R.G.A.); (L.Y.); (J.C.D.); (D.D.J.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Cascella M, Del Gaudio A, Vittori A, Bimonte S, Del Prete P, Forte CA, Cuomo A, De Blasio E. COVID-Pain: Acute and Late-Onset Painful Clinical Manifestations in COVID-19 - Molecular Mechanisms and Research Perspectives. J Pain Res 2021; 14:2403-2412. [PMID: 34408485 PMCID: PMC8364364 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s313978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 are predominant, signs and symptoms of an extra-pulmonary involvement are usually encompassed among the clinical picture of the disease. Several painful manifestations can occur during the acute phase but also as short- or long-term complications. Myalgia, joint pain, sore throat, abdominal pain, chest pain, and headache usually accompany respiratory symptoms, but they can also occur as isolated clinical findings or can be expressed regardless of the severity of COVID-19. On these premises, given the vast spectrum of clinical manifestations and the complexity of their pathogenesis, it would be more appropriate to refer to "COVID-pain", an umbrella term useful for encompassing all these clinical manifestations in a separate chapter of the disease. In this scenario, we addressed the topic from a molecular perspective, trying to provide explanations for the underlying pathophysiological processes. Consequently, this narrative review is aimed at dissecting the mechanisms of acute and chronic painful manifestations, summarizing fundamental concepts on the matter, controversies, current research gaps, and potential developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Alfredo Del Gaudio
- DSC Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, FG, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vittori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, ARCO, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Paola Del Prete
- Direzione Scientifica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Cira Antonietta Forte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Elvio De Blasio
- DSC Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, FG, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Emergency Unit for COVID-19 Campania, Naples, 80100, Italy
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28
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Heparan Sulfated Glypican-4 Is Released from Astrocytes by Proteolytic Shedding and GPI-Anchor Cleavage Mechanisms. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0069-21.2021. [PMID: 34301723 PMCID: PMC8387153 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0069-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes provide neurons with diffusible factors that promote synapse formation and maturation. In particular, glypican-4/GPC4 released from astrocytes promotes the maturation of excitatory synapses. Unlike other secreted factors, GPC4 contains the C-terminal GPI-anchorage signal. However, the mechanism by which membrane-tethered GPC4 is released from astrocytes is unknown. Using mouse primary astrocyte cultures and a quantitative luciferase-based release assay, we show that GPC4 is expressed on the astrocyte surface via a GPI-anchorage. Soluble GPC4 is robustly released from the astrocytes largely by proteolytic shedding and, to a lesser extent, by GPI-anchor cleavage, but not by vesicular release. Pharmacological, overexpression, and loss of function screens showed that ADAM9 in part mediates the release of GPC4 from astrocytes. The released GPC4 contains the heparan sulfate side chain, suggesting that these release mechanisms provide the active form that promotes synapse maturation and function. Overall, our studies identified the release mechanisms and the major releasing enzyme of GPC4 in astrocytes and will provide insights into understanding how astrocytes regulate synapse formation and maturation.
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29
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Yamamoto T, Mulpuri Y, Izraylev M, Li Q, Simonian M, Kramme C, Schmidt BL, Seltzman HH, Spigelman I. Selective targeting of peripheral cannabinoid receptors prevents behavioral symptoms and sensitization of trigeminal neurons in mouse models of migraine and medication overuse headache. Pain 2021; 162:2246-2262. [PMID: 33534356 PMCID: PMC8277668 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Migraine affects ∼15% of the world's population greatly diminishing their quality of life. Current preventative treatments are effective in only a subset of migraine patients, and although cannabinoids seem beneficial in alleviating migraine symptoms, central nervous system side effects limit their widespread use. We developed peripherally restricted cannabinoids (PRCBs) that relieve chronic pain symptoms of cancer and neuropathies, without appreciable central nervous system side effects or tolerance development. Here, we determined PRCB effectiveness in alleviating hypersensitivity symptoms in mouse models of migraine and medication overuse headache. Long-term glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 10 mg/kg) administration led to increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli and increased expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 proteins in trigeminal ganglia. Peripherally restricted cannabinoid pretreatment, but not posttreatment, prevented behavioral and biochemical correlates of GTN-induced sensitization. Low pH-activated and allyl isothiocyanate-activated currents in acutely isolated trigeminal neurons were reversibly attenuated by PRCB application. Long-term GTN treatment significantly enhanced these currents. Long-term sumatriptan treatment also led to the development of allodynia to mechanical and cold stimuli that was slowly reversible after sumatriptan discontinuation. Subsequent challenge with a previously ineffective low-dose GTN (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) revealed latent behavioral sensitization and increased expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 proteins in trigeminal ganglia. Peripherally restricted cannabinoid pretreatment prevented all behavioral and biochemical correlates of allodynia and latent sensitization. Importantly, long-term PRCB treatment alone did not produce any behavioral or biochemical signs of sensitization. These data validate peripheral cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets in migraine and medication overuse headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yamamoto
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yatendra Mulpuri
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mikhail Izraylev
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Qianyi Li
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Menooa Simonian
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christian Kramme
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Herbert H. Seltzman
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Igor Spigelman
- Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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30
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Subramaniam S, Ruf W, Bosmann M. Advocacy of targeting protease-activated receptors in severe coronavirus disease 2019. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2086-2099. [PMID: 34235728 PMCID: PMC8794588 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying drug targets mitigating vascular dysfunction, thrombo-inflammation and thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 is essential. COVID-19 coagulopathy differs from sepsis coagulopathy. Factors that drive severe lung pathology and coagulation abnormalities in COVID-19 are not understood. Protein-protein interaction studies indicate that the tagged viral bait protein ORF9c directly interacts with PAR2, which modulates host cell IFN and inflammatory cytokines. In addition to direct interaction of SARS-CoV-2 viral protein with PARs, we speculate that activation of PAR by proteases plays a role in COVID-19-induced hyperinflammation. In COVID-19-associated coagulopathy elevated levels of activated coagulation proteases may cleave PARs in association with TMPRSS2. PARs activation enhances the release of cytokines, chemokines and tissue factor expression to propagate IFN-dependent inflammation, leukocyte-endothelial interaction, vascular permeability and coagulation responses. This hypothesis, corroborated by in vitro findings and emerging clinical evidence, will focus targeted studies of PAR1/2 blockers as adjuvant drugs against cytokine release syndrome and COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Subramaniam
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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31
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Müller P, Maus H, Hammerschmidt SJ, Knaff P, Mailänder V, Schirmeister T, Kersten C. Interfering with Host Proteases in SARS-CoV-2 Entry as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:635-665. [PMID: 34042026 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210526111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its fast international spread and substantial mortality, the coronavirus disease COVID-19 evolved to a global threat. Since currently, there is no causative drug against this viral infection available, science is striving for new drugs and approaches to treat the new disease. Studies have shown that the cell entry of coronaviruses into host cells takes place through the binding of the viral spike (S) protein to cell receptors. Priming of the S protein occurs via hydrolysis by different host proteases. The inhibition of these proteases could impair the processing of the S protein, thereby affecting the interaction with the host-cell receptors and preventing virus cell entry. Hence, inhibition of these proteases could be a promising strategy for treatment against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art of developing inhibitors against the entry proteases furin, the transmembrane serine protease type-II (TMPRSS2), trypsin, and cathepsin L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Müller
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Maus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Josef Hammerschmidt
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Knaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Kersten
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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32
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Alamir AH, Patil S. Allicin Could Potentially Alleviate Oral Cancer Pain by Inhibiting "Pain Mediators" TNF-alpha, IL-8, and Endothelin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:187-196. [PMID: 34071008 PMCID: PMC8929120 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of allicin on mediators of pain secreted by oral cancer cells in vitro, single-cell suspensions were prepared by enzymatic method from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer stem cells were isolated by the CD133+ selection method with magnetic cell sorting. Stemness markers were checked in both cancer cells and cancer stem cells by RT-PCR. Comparative analysis of pain mediators TNF-alpha, IL-8, and endothelin at both RNA and protein levels for normal epithelial cells, cancer cells, and cancer stem cells was carried out with and without allicin treatment. CD133 and CD44 expression levels were checked in cancer cells and cancer stem cells flow cytometrically. Allicin inhibited both gene and protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and endothelin in both cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Allicin is more likely to be a promising treatment in alleviating the levels of pain and inflammation in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab H. Alamir
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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33
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Tang Q, Wang Y, Ou L, Li J, Zheng K, Zhan H, Gu J, Zhou G, Xie S, Zhang J, Huang W, Wang S, Wang X. Downregulation of ACE2 expression by SARS-CoV-2 worsens the prognosis of KIRC and KIRP patients via metabolism and immunoregulation. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1925-1939. [PMID: 34131396 PMCID: PMC8193256 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) allow entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into host cells and play essential roles in cancer therapy. However, the functions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in kidney cancer remain unclear, especially as kidneys are targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: UCSC Xena project, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases (GSE30589 and GSE59185) were searched for gene expression in human tissues, gene expression data, and clinical information. Several bioinformatics methods were utilized to analyze the correlation between ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with respect to the prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP). Results: ACE2 expression was significantly upregulated in tumor tissue, while its downregulation was associated with low survival in KIRC and KIRP patients. TMPRSS2 was downregulated in KIRC and KIRP, and its expression was not correlated with patient survival. According to clinical risk factor-based prediction models, ACE2 exhibits predictive accuracy for kidney cancer prognosis and is correlated with metabolism and immune infiltration. In an animal model, ACE2 expression was remarkably downregulated in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells compared to in the control. Conclusion: ACE2 expression is highly correlated with various metabolic pathways and is involved in immune infiltration.it plays a crucial role than TMPRSS2 in diagnosing and prognosis of kidney cancer patients. The overlap in ACE2 expression between kidney cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that patients with KIRC or KIRP are at high risk of developing serious symptoms.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/biosynthesis
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/physiology
- Animals
- COVID-19/complications
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/complications
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Down-Regulation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Kidney Neoplasms/complications
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Animal
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Organ Specificity
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Receptors, Virus/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Serine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/physiology
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Vero Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ling Ou
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jieling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Guibao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
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34
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Peripheral nerve injury and sensitization underlie pain associated with oral cancer perineural invasion. Pain 2021; 161:2592-2602. [PMID: 32658150 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer invading into nerves, termed perineural invasion (PNI), is associated with pain. Here, we show that oral cancer patients with PNI report greater spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia compared with patients without PNI, suggesting that unique mechanisms drive PNI-induced pain. We studied the impact of PNI on peripheral nerve physiology and anatomy using a murine sciatic nerve PNI model. Mice with PNI exhibited spontaneous nociception and mechanical allodynia. Perineural invasion induced afterdischarge in A high-threshold mechanoreceptors (HTMRs), mechanical sensitization (ie, decreased mechanical thresholds) in both A and C HTMRs, and mechanical desensitization in low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Perineural invasion resulted in nerve damage, including axon loss, myelin damage, and axon degeneration. Electrophysiological evidence of nerve injury included decreased conduction velocity, and increased percentage of both mechanically insensitive and electrically unexcitable neurons. We conclude that PNI-induced pain is driven by nerve injury and peripheral sensitization in HTMRs.
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35
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Abstract
Transmembrane serine protease 2 is encoded by the TMPRSS2 gene. The gene is widely conserved and has two isoforms, both being autocatalytically activated from the inactive zymogen form. A fusion gene between the TMPRSS2 gene and ERG (erythroblast-specific-related gene), an oncogenic transcription factor, is the most common chromosomal aberration detected in prostate cancer, responsible for driving carcinogenesis. The other key role of TMPRSS2 is in priming the viral spike protein which facilitates viral entry essential for viral infectivity. The protease activates a diverse range of viruses. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2 to facilitate entry to cells, but with SARS-CoV-2 human-to-human transmission is much higher than SARS-CoV. As TMPRSS2 is expressed outside of the lung, and can therefore contribute to extrapulmonary spread of viruses, it warrants further exploration as a potential target for limiting viral spread and infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Thunders
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Muhanna D, Arnipalli SR, Kumar SB, Ziouzenkova O. Osmotic Adaptation by Na +-Dependent Transporters and ACE2: Correlation with Hemostatic Crisis in COVID-19. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E460. [PMID: 33142989 PMCID: PMC7693583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 symptoms, including hypokalemia, hypoalbuminemia, ageusia, neurological dysfunctions, D-dimer production, and multi-organ microthrombosis reach beyond effects attributed to impaired angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) signaling and elevated concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II). Although both SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and SARS-CoV-2 utilize ACE2 for host entry, distinct COVID-19 pathogenesis coincides with the acquisition of a new sequence, which is homologous to the furin cleavage site of the human epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). This review provides a comprehensive summary of the role of ACE2 in the assembly of Na+-dependent transporters of glucose, imino and neutral amino acids, as well as the functions of ENaC. Data support an osmotic adaptation mechanism in which osmotic and hemostatic instability induced by Ang II-activated ENaC is counterbalanced by an influx of organic osmolytes and Na+ through the ACE2 complex. We propose a paradigm for the two-site attack of SARS-CoV-2 leading to ENaC hyperactivation and inactivation of the ACE2 complex, which collapses cell osmolality and leads to rupture and/or necrotic death of swollen pulmonary, endothelial, and cardiac cells, thrombosis in infected and non-infected tissues, and aberrant sensory and neurological perception in COVID-19 patients. This dual mechanism employed by SARS-CoV-2 calls for combinatorial treatment strategies to address and prevent severe complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.M.); (S.R.A.); (S.B.K.)
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Inhibition of TMPRSS2 by HAI-2 reduces prostate cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:5950-5963. [PMID: 32778768 PMCID: PMC7416816 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TMPRSS2 is an important membrane-anchored serine protease involved in human prostate cancer progression and metastasis. A serine protease physiologically often comes together with a cognate inhibitor for execution of proteolytically biologic function; however, TMPRSS2's cognate inhibitor is still elusive. To identify the cognate inhibitor of TMPRSS2, in this study, we applied co-immunoprecipitation and LC/MS/MS analysis and isolated hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitors (HAIs) to be potential inhibitor candidates for TMPRSS2. Moreover, the recombinant HAI-2 proteins exhibited a better inhibitory effect on TMPRSS2 proteolytic activity than HAI-1, and recombinant HAI-2 proteins had a high affinity to form a complex with TMPRSS2. The immunofluorescence images further showed that TMPRSS2 was co-localized to HAI-2. Both KD1 and KD2 domain of HAI-2 showed comparable inhibitory effects on TMPRSS2 proteolytic activity. In addition, HAI-2 overexpression could suppress the induction effect of TMPRSS2 on pro-HGF activation, extracellular matrix degradation and prostate cancer cell invasion. We further determined that the expression levels of TMPRSS2 were inversely correlated with HAI-2 levels during prostate cancer progression. In orthotopic xenograft animal model, TMPRSS2 overexpression promoted prostate cancer metastasis, and HAI-2 overexpression efficiently blocked TMPRSS2-induced metastasis. In summary, the results together indicate that HAI-2 can function as a cognate inhibitor for TMPRSS2 in human prostate cancer cells and may serve as a potential factor to suppress TMPRSS2-mediated malignancy.
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Chi M, Shi X, Huo X, Wu X, Zhang P, Wang G. Dexmedetomidine promotes breast cancer cell migration through Rab11-mediated secretion of exosomal TMPRSS2. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:531. [PMID: 32411754 PMCID: PMC7214880 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.04.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been reported to increase the malignancy of breast cancer cells in vitro and stimulate tumor growth in mice. Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) demonstrates proteolytic activity, resulting in degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study investigated whether and how TMPRSS2 regulates migration of DEX-treated breast cancer cells. Methods Breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with DEX and scratch assay was performed. Expressions of TMPRSS2, α2-adrenergic receptor, phospho-STAT3Tyr705, Rab11, and ECM components were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA and ultracentrifugation were used to quantify secreted exosomal proteins. Knockdown assay was used to inhibit the expression of TMPRSS2 and Rab11. Results DEX significantly increased the migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, which was accompanied by the upregulation and colocalization of TMPRSS2 and α2-adrenergic receptor. Nuclear phospho-STAT3Tyr705 was increased dramatically following DEX treatment, and TMPRSS2 upregulation was significantly suppressed by the STAT3 inhibitor WP1066. Meanwhile, TMPRSS2 knockdown decreased DEX-induced cellular migration. TMPRSS2 and Rab11 were significantly detected in the media and the isolated exosomes from DEX-treated cells, and their colocalization was also revealed. Rab11 knockdown prevented exosomal TMPRSS2 from increasing in DEX-treated cells. In normal cultured MDA-MB-231, migration was increased by Rab11-positive exosomes isolated from DEX-treated MCF-7. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed that Rab11-positive exosomes enriched more components than Rab11-negative exosomes. Additionally, a reduction in ECM components fibronectin, collagen IV, matrix metallopeptidase 16, and Tenascin C was detected after DEX treatment, but was prohibited when TMPRSS2 or Rab11 were knocked down. Conclusions This study provides evidence that DEX upregulates TMPRSS2 expression via the activation of α2-adrenergic receptor/STAT3 signaling and promotes TMPRSS2 secretion in exosomes through Rab11, thus resulting in degradation of the ECM, which is responsible for DEX-induced migration of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoding Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xing Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Pinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.,Pain Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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Ubuka T, Moriya S, Soga T, Parhar I. Identification of Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 and Forkhead Box A1 As the Potential Bisphenol A Responsive Genes in the Neonatal Male Rat Brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:139. [PMID: 29643838 PMCID: PMC5882795 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure of Bisphenol A (BPA) to rodents modifies their behavior in later life. To understand how BPA modifies their neurodevelopmental process, we first searched for BPA responsive genes from androgen and estrogen receptor signaling target genes by polymerase chain reaction array in the neonatal male rat brain. We used a transgenic strain of Wistar rats carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein tagged to gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) promoter to investigate the possible interaction of BPA responsive genes and GnIH neurons. We found upregulation of transmembrane protease serine 2 (Tmprss2), an androgen receptor signaling target gene, and downregulation of Forkhead box A1 (Foxa1), an ER signaling target gene, in the medial amygdala of male rats that were subcutaneously administered with BPA from day 1 to 3. Tmprss2-immunoreactive (ir) cells were distributed in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus in 3 days old but not in 1-month-old male rats. Density of Tmprss2-ir cells in the medial amygdala was increased by daily administration of BPA from day 1 to 3. Tmprss2 immunoreactivity was observed in 26.5% of GnIH neurons clustered from the ventral region of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus to the dorsal region of the arcuate nucleus of 3-day-old male rat hypothalamus. However, Tmprss2 mRNA expression significantly decreased in the amygdala and hypothalamus of 1-month-old male rats. Foxa1 mRNA expression was higher in the hypothalamus than the amygdala in 3 days old male rats. Intense Foxa1-ir cells were only found in the peduncular part of lateral hypothalamus of 3-day-old male rats. Density of Foxa1-ir cells in the hypothalamus was decreased by daily administration of BPA from day 1 to 3. Foxa1 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus also significantly decreased at 1 month. These results suggest that BPA disturbs the neurodevelopmental process and behavior of rats later in their life by modifying Tmprss2 and Foxa1 expressions in the brain.
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Shen LW, Mao HJ, Wu YL, Tanaka Y, Zhang W. TMPRSS2: A potential target for treatment of influenza virus and coronavirus infections. Biochimie 2017; 142:1-10. [PMID: 28778717 PMCID: PMC7116903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronavirus epidemics or pandemics have occurred in succession worldwide throughout the early 21st century. These epidemics or pandemics pose a major threat to human health. Here, we outline a critical role of the host cell protease TMPRSS2 in influenza virus and coronavirus infections and highlight an antiviral therapeutic strategy targeting TMPRSS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Shen
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hui Juan Mao
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yan Ling Wu
- Lab of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Paice JA, Mulvey M, Bennett M, Dougherty PM, Farrar JT, Mantyh PW, Miaskowski C, Schmidt B, Smith TJ. AAPT Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Cancer Pain Conditions. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:233-246. [PMID: 27884691 PMCID: PMC5439220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cancer pain is a serious complication of malignancy or its treatment. Currently, no comprehensive, universally accepted cancer pain classification system exists. Clarity in classification of common cancer pain syndromes would improve clinical assessment and management. Moreover, an evidence-based taxonomy would enhance cancer pain research efforts by providing consistent diagnostic criteria, ensuring comparability across clinical trials. As part of a collaborative effort between the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) and the American Pain Society (APS), the ACTTION-APS Pain Taxonomy initiative worked to develop the characteristics of an optimal diagnostic system. After the establishment of these characteristics, a working group consisting of clinicians and clinical and basic scientists with expertise in cancer and cancer-related pain was convened to generate core diagnostic criteria for an illustrative sample of 3 chronic pain syndromes associated with cancer (ie, bone pain and pancreatic cancer pain as models of pain related to a tumor) or its treatment (ie, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy). A systematic review and synthesis was conducted to provide evidence for the dimensions that comprise this cancer pain taxonomy. Future efforts will subject these diagnostic categories and criteria to systematic empirical evaluation of their feasibility, reliability, and validity and extension to other cancer-related pain syndromes. PERSPECTIVE The ACTTION-APS chronic cancer pain taxonomy provides an evidence-based classification for 3 prevalent syndromes, namely malignant bone pain, pancreatic cancer pain, and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. This taxonomy provides consistent diagnostic criteria, common features, comorbidities, consequences, and putative mechanisms for these potentially serious cancer pain conditions that can be extended and applied with other cancer-related pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Paice
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Matt Mulvey
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bennett
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M Dougherty
- The Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John T Farrar
- Department of Epidemiology, Neurology, and Anesthesia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick W Mantyh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Brian Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Thomas J Smith
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
Most cancer patients experience severe pain during their disease course, and the management of cancer pain is a major challenge for patients and the healthcare team. Many diverse translational models of cancer pain in recent years have improved our understanding of cancer-related pain. Cancer and associated cells in the cancer microenvironment may release various peripheral mediators, including ATP, formaldehyde, protons, proteases, endothelin, bradykinin, TNF and NGF, that result in the activation and/or sensitization of peripheral and central neurons, that contribute to the clinical manifestations of cancer-related pain. Identification of these mediators and the peripheral and central mechanisms by which they contribute to cancer-related pain may provide novel therapeutic targets to alleviate cancer patient suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Lam
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial & Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wasser Pain Management Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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43
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Chodroff L, Bendele M, Valenzuela V, Henry M, Ruparel S. EXPRESS: BDNF Signaling Contributes to Oral Cancer Pain in a Preclinical Orthotopic Rodent Model. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916666841. [PMID: 27590070 PMCID: PMC5015823 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916666841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with oral cancer report intense pain that is only partially managed by current analgesics. Thus, there is a strong need to study mechanisms as well as develop novel analgesics for oral cancer pain. Current study employed an orthotopic tongue cancer model with molecular and non-reflexive behavioral assays to determine possible mechanisms of oral cancer pain. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells line, HSC2, was injected into the tongue of male athymic mice and tumor growth was observed by day 6. Immunohistological analyses revealed a well-differentiated tumor with a localized immune response and pronounced sensory and sympathetic innervation and vascularization. The tumor expressed TMPRSS2, a protein previously reported with oral squamous cell carcinoma. ATF3 expression in trigeminal ganglia was not altered by tumor growth. Molecular characterization of the model demonstrated altered expression of several pain-related genes, out of which up-regulation of BDNF was most striking. Moreover, BDNF protein expression in trigeminal ganglia neurons was increased and inhibition of BDNF signaling with a tyrosine kinase B antagonist, ANA-12, reversed pain-like behaviors induced by the oral tumor. Oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor growth was also associated with a reduction in feeding, mechanical hypersensitivity in the face, as well as spontaneous pain behaviors as measured by the conditioned place preference test, all of which were reversed by analgesics. Interestingly, injection of HSC2 into the hindpaw did not reproduce this spectrum of pain behaviors; nor did injection of a colonic cancer cell line into the tongue. Taken together, this orthotopic oral cancer pain model reproduces the spectrum of pain reported by oral cancer patients, including higher order cognitive changes, and demonstrates that BDNF signaling constitutes a novel mechanism by which oral squamous cell carcinoma induces pain. Identification of the key role of tyrosine kinase B signaling in oral cancer pain may serve as a novel target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Chodroff
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Michele Bendele
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Cancer Therapy and Research Center
| | | | - Michael Henry
- University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio
| | - Shivani Ruparel
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Cancer Therapy and Research CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioUniversity of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio
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