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Sabarathinam S, Satheesh S, Raja A. A computer-aided insight into the identification of significant therapeutic flavone as a promising agent for sarcopenic obesity. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2091-2096. [PMID: 37436875 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2232928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, the important secondary metabolites, consist of multiple phytochemicals and show numerous physiological effects. Flavones play a significant role in various chronic disorders such as diabetes.. In this study, all the flavones were encountered, and it was further filtered based on their drug-likeness properties and pharmacokinetic parameters. Existing literature confirms that flavone-based compounds are suitable as the drug of choice in sarcopenic obesity. A molecular docking study was performed toward the myostatin inhibition profile of the flavones using PDB:3HH2 as a target site. This computer-aided drug design helps select lead molecules in novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Sabarathinam
- Drug Testing Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Clinical Trial Unit, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjana Satheesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arun Raja
- Department of Community Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
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2
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Wang Y, Mu D, Wang Y. Association of low muscle mass with cognitive function and mortality in USA seniors: results from NHANES 1999-2002. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:420. [PMID: 38734596 PMCID: PMC11088051 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment have been linked in prior research, and both are linked to an increased risk of mortality in the general population. Muscle mass is a key factor in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The relationship between low muscle mass and cognitive function in the aged population, and their combined impact on the risk of death in older adults, is currently unknown. This study aimed to explore the correlation between low muscle mass and cognitive function in the older population, and the relationship between the two and mortality in older people. METHODS Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. A total of 2540 older adults aged 60 and older with body composition measures were included. Specifically, 17-21 years of follow-up were conducted on every participant. Low muscle mass was defined using the Foundation for the National Institute of Health and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia definitions: appendicular lean mass (ALM) (< 19.75 kg for males; <15.02 kg for females); or ALM divided by body mass index (BMI) (ALM: BMI, < 0.789 for males; <0.512 for females); or appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (< 7.0 kg/m2 for males; <5.4 kg/m2 for females). Cognitive functioning was assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The follow-up period was calculated from the NHANES interview date to the date of death or censoring (December 31, 2019). RESULTS We identified 2540 subjects. The mean age was 70.43 years (43.3% male). Age-related declines in DSST scores were observed. People with low muscle mass showed lower DSST scores than people with normal muscle mass across all age groups, especially in the group with low muscle mass characterized by ALM: BMI (60-69 years: p < 0.001; 70-79 years: p < 0.001; 80 + years: p = 0.009). Low muscle mass was significantly associated with lower DSST scores after adjusting for covariates (ALM: 43.56 ± 18.36 vs. 47.56 ± 17.44, p < 0.001; ALM: BMI: 39.88 ± 17.51 vs. 47.70 ± 17.51, p < 0.001; ASMI: 41.07 ± 17.89 vs. 47.42 ± 17.55, p < 0.001). At a mean long-term follow-up of 157.8 months, those with low muscle mass were associated with higher all-cause mortality (ALM: OR 1.460, 95% CI 1.456-1.463; ALM: BMI: OR 1.452, 95% CI 1.448-1.457); ASMI: OR 3.075, 95% CI 3.063-3.088). In the ALM: BMI and ASMI-defined low muscle mass groups, participants with low muscle mass and lower DSST scores were more likely to incur all-cause mortality ( ALM: BMI: OR 0.972, 95% CI 0.972-0.972; ASMI: OR 0.957, 95% CI 0.956-0.957). CONCLUSIONS Low muscle mass and cognitive function impairment are significantly correlated in the older population. Additionally, low muscle mass and low DSST score, alone or in combination, could be risk factors for mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dongmei Mu
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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3
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Yang Y, Sun Q, Ma S, Li X, Lang X, Zhang Q. Association of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratios and hypertension: evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1375232. [PMID: 38752178 PMCID: PMC11094208 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1375232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to explore the association between the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference (CCR/WC) and hypertension. Methods The study utilized data extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. In the cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension. By utilizing restricted cubic splines, potential non-linear associations between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension were explored. In the longitudinal analysis, the association between CCR/WC quartiles (Q1-Q4) and the risk of new-onset hypertension was evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards models. Results In total, 7,253 participants were enrolled. The study unveiled an inverse association with hypertension, demonstrating an odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.37, P < 0.001). Among males, an OR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.25-0.58, P < 0.001) was observed, while among females, an OR of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.28-0.60, P < 0.001) was noted. There was an absence of a nonlinear association between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension. Cox regression analysis unveiled a reduced risk of hypertension in Q3 (Hazard ratios [HR]: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58-0.82, P < 0.001) and Q4: (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83, P < 0.001) in compared to the Q1 of the CCR/WC ratio, and sex-specific analysis yielded consistent results. Conclusion This study emphasizes the potential association between an elevated CCR/WC ratio and a reduced risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Nursing Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fujiyoshi A, Kohsaka S, Hata J, Hara M, Kai H, Masuda D, Miyamatsu N, Nishio Y, Ogura M, Sata M, Sekiguchi K, Takeya Y, Tamura K, Wakatsuki A, Yoshida H, Fujioka Y, Fukazawa R, Hamada O, Higashiyama A, Kabayama M, Kanaoka K, Kawaguchi K, Kosaka S, Kunimura A, Miyazaki A, Nii M, Sawano M, Terauchi M, Yagi S, Akasaka T, Minamino T, Miura K, Node K. JCS 2023 Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2024; 88:763-842. [PMID: 38479862 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuhiko Hara
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Wayo Women's University
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume Univeristy Medical Center
| | | | - Naomi Miyamatsu
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Masatsune Ogura
- Department of General Medical Science, Chiba University School of Medicine
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Eastern Chiba Medical Center
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Helath Science, Osaka University Gradiate School of Medicine
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | | | - Osamu Hamada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Takatsuki General Hospital
| | | | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koshiro Kanaoka
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kenjiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | | | | | | - Masaki Nii
- Department of Cardiology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
- Yale New Haven Hospital Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation
| | | | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nishinomiya Watanabe Cardiovascular Cerebral Center
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Meidicine
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
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Lee YJ, Jang YN, Han YM, Kim HM, Seo HS, Kim HJ, Jung TW, Jeong JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Jung KO. Aster glehni Extract, Including Caffeoylquinic Acids as the Main Constituents, Induces PPAR β/δ-Dependent Muscle-Type Change and Myogenesis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38651680 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To probe the functions of Aster glehni (AG) extract containing various caffeoylquinic acids on dyslipidemia, obesity, and skeletal muscle-related diseases focused on the roles of skeletal muscle, we measured the levels of biomarkers involved in oxidative phosphorylation and type change of skeletal muscle in C2C12 cells and skeletal muscle tissues from apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. After AG extract treatment in cell and animal experiments, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to estimate the levels of proteins that participated in skeletal muscle type change and oxidative phosphorylation. AG extract elevated protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), phosphorylated 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ), myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissues. Furthermore, it elevated the ATP concentration. However, protein expression of myostatin was decreased by AG treatment. In C2C12 cells, increments of MyoD, myoglobin, myosin, ATP-producing pathway, and differentiation degree by AG were dependent on PPARβ/δ and caffeoylquinic acids. AG extract can contribute to the amelioration of skeletal muscle inactivity and sarcopenia through myogenesis in skeletal muscle tissues from ApoE KO mice, and function of AG extract may be dependent on PPARβ/δ, and the main functional constituents of AG are trans-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. In addition, in skeletal muscle, AG has potent efficacies against dyslipidemia and obesity through the increase of the type 1 muscle fiber content to produce more ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle tissues from ApoE KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jik Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Na Jang
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Mi Han
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus KUMS Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seog Seo
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ja Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Hong KH. Sex-Specific Effects of Dietary Factors on Sarcopenic Obesity in Korean Elderly: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1175. [PMID: 38674866 PMCID: PMC11054115 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the dietary factors related to sarcopenia and obesity status in 5458 elderly individuals (2391 men and 3076 women) aged ≥65 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2019). Participants were categorized into normal, sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity groups. Sarcopenic obesity showed a higher prevalence of diabetes and lower HDL cholesterol levels compared to obesity. Sarcopenic obesity exhibited a lower total KHEI score and lower adequacy, including meat/fish/eggs/beans, than normal or obesity. In women, sarcopenic obesity scored lower than obesity on the total KHEI, adequacy for most foods, and balance of energy intake, and lower than sarcopenia on the adequacy of breakfast and milk/milk products. Sarcopenic obesity showed no significant difference in energy intake compared to sarcopenia, and less physical activity compared to sarcopenia and obesity, with a BMI/waist circumference comparable to that of obesity. Low total KHEI scores and scores for meat/fish/eggs/beans were most closely associated with sarcopenia in men and with sarcopenic obesity in women. In conclusion, low dietary quality and inadequate protein-rich foods are possibly associated with the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in elderly Koreans, especially in women. Adequate energy intake and dietary diversity may be effective in managing sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojeong Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung Hee Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea
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7
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Cheng E, Caan BJ, Chen WY, Prado CM, Cespedes Feliciano EM. A novel body composition risk score (B-Score) and overall survival among patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:981-987. [PMID: 38471402 PMCID: PMC11009043 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Measurements (amount, distribution, and radiodensity) of muscle and adipose tissue were reported to be individually associated with overall survival in patients with breast cancer. However, they were not typically combined to develop an overall risk score, which can identify patients at high risk of death and prioritize patients in need of dietary and lifestyle interventions. Thus, we aimed to develop a novel composite body composition risk score (B-Score). METHODS We included 3105 patients with stage II or III breast cancer at Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Dana Farber Cancer Institute. From CT scans at diagnosis, we assessed areas and radiodensity of muscle and adipose tissue at the third lumber vertebrae. We considered skeletal muscle index (SMI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) and SAT radiodensity as they were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Each measurement was dichotomized using optimal stratification, with low SMI (<40.1 cm2/m2), high SATI (≥75.7 cm2/m2), and high SAT radiodensity (≥-97.2HU) considered risk factors. We calculated B-Score as the sum of these factors and estimated its association with overall survival using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS Mean (standard deviation) age was 53.9 (11.8) years, 70.3% were Non-Hispanic White, and 60.5% were stage II. Most patients (60.6%) had only one body composition risk factor (B-Score = 1). Compared to those with no risk factors (B-Score = 0), the risk of death increased with more body composition risk factors: the adjusted hazard ratios were 1.10 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.42), 1.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.92), and 2.11 (95% CI: 1.26, 3.53) for B-Scores of 1, 2, and 3, respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS More unfavorable body composition characteristics were associated with increased risks of overall mortality in a dose-response manner. Considering body composition measurements together as a composite score (B-Score) may improve risk stratification and inform dietary and lifestyle interventions following breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Cancer Epidemiology, Prevention and Control Program, Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States.
| | - Bette J Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Wendy Y Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kim S, Kim S, Hong KH. Association of Combining Diet and Physical Activity on Sarcopenia and Obesity in Elderly Koreans with Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:964. [PMID: 38612998 PMCID: PMC11013649 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the combined factors of physical activity and diet associated with non-sarcopenic non-obese status in 1586 diabetic patients aged ≥65 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016 to 2019). Participants were categorized into non-sarcopenic non-obesity (NSNO), sarcopenia non-obesity (SNO), non-sarcopenic obesity (NSO), and sarcopenic obesity (SO) groups. NSNO had lower insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides compared to NSO and SO. NSNO had lower perceived stress, higher nutrition education and dietary supplement intake. As assessed by the Korean Healthy Eating Index, NSNO scored higher total than SNO and SO, in breakfast and energy balance compared to SO, and in the adequacy of vegetables and meat/fish/egg/bean compared to SNO. NSNO had significantly higher energy and protein intake and physical activity, with BMI/waist circumference lower than NSO, SO, and comparable to SNO. Physical activity was positively associated with NSNO. Low Total KHEI score and protein intake level reduced the odds ratio (OR) of NSNO, particularly when physical activity was insufficient, with OR = 0.38 for KHEI Q1 and OR = 0.32 for protein T1. In conclusion, physical activity, diet quality, and protein intake are associated with NSNO prevalence in Korean elderly with diabetes, and energy balance through active intake and expenditure may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohye Kim
- Nutrition Care Services, Seoul National University of Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soojeong Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung Hee Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea
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Cifuentes-Amigo A, Cuevas-Cid R, Maureira Pareja H, Mancilla Solorza E. [Association of grip strength and knee extensors with nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2024; 59:101434. [PMID: 37972498 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2023.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the association of hand grip strength and knee extensor strength with the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational cross-sectional study. Weight and height of 847 older adults were analyzed according to body mass index and classified into four nutritional categories according to the Chilean Ministry of Health. Hand grip and knee extensors strength for both extremities were evaluated. Strength was normalized by body mass. Spearman's correlation between body mass index and muscle strength was used. RESULTS The sample was 582 women, 265 men and an average age of 71.72±7.09. The women had a BMI of 30.03±5.48 and the men of 27.64 ± 4.05, the most numerous category was normal weight (n = 288) and the lowest low weight (n = 74). Hand grip strength presented a higher correlation than knee extensors, specifically, right hand grip strength (r: -0.40). The highest correlation and significance were presented by the obese category for all strength measurements, with right hand grip strength being the highest (r: -0.29). CONCLUSIONS The increase in the nutritional status of older adults has a negative influence on muscle strength. The best association between body mass index and muscle strength was the right hand grip. The finding of the increase in life expectancy as the nutritional status of the sample decreases stands out. Future studies are needed to generate percentiles and normalized values in the Chilean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Cifuentes-Amigo
- Laboratorio de Gerontología, Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Cuevas-Cid
- Laboratorio de Gerontología, Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Hernán Maureira Pareja
- Laboratorio de Biomecánica, Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Eladio Mancilla Solorza
- Laboratorio de Gerontología, Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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10
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Zhou YY, Wang JF, Yao Q, Jian QF, Luo ZP. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in patients with diabetes and adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:128-135. [PMID: 38056996 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO), which refers to the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was first to assess the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes, and second, to evaluate possible adverse outcomes. METHODS This study was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the data were collated by means of meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. We comprehensively and systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Database from the establishment of the database to December 2022, and collected related studies on SO in patients with diabetes. Using Stata 16.0 software to pool the estimates for the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes, and a descriptive systematic review of possible adverse outcomes was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of 20 included studies were pooled by a random-effects model, which showed that the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes was 27%. Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of SO was higher among studies using BIA (24%) to assess muscle mass, and those focused on literature of moderate-quality (29%), being published from 2013 to 2016 (29%), female patients with diabetes (17%), North Americans (30%). SO in patients with diabetes can lead to adverse outcomes including decreased glomerular filtration rate, massive proteinuria, cognitive decline, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION The systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a prevalence of 27% for SO in patients with diabetes, and it is associated with potential serious adverse outcomes. Therefore, we should attach importance to the screening of SO in patients with diabetes and early detection of susceptible groups, then selecting appropriate interventions to reduce the occurrence of it and various adverse outcomes in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan, 610017, China.
| | - Qiu-Feng Jian
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Luo
- The Tibet Autonomous Region People's Government Office in a Hospital in Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
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11
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Marco-Bonilla M, Fresnadillo M, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mediero A. Energy Regulation in Inflammatory Sarcopenia by the Purinergic System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16904. [PMID: 38069224 PMCID: PMC10706580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinergic system has a dual role: the maintenance of energy balance and signaling within cells. Adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are essential for maintaining these functions. Sarcopenia is characterized by alterations in the control of energy and signaling in favor of catabolic pathways. This review details the association between the purinergic system and muscle and adipose tissue homeostasis, discussing recent findings in the involvement of purinergic receptors in muscle wasting and advances in the use of the purinergic system as a novel therapeutic target in the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aránzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (M.F.); (R.L.); (G.H.-B.)
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12
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Ferhi H, Maktouf W. The impact of obesity on static and proactive balance and gait patterns in sarcopenic older adults: an analytical cross-sectional investigation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16428. [PMID: 38025734 PMCID: PMC10676719 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the susceptibility of older adults to falls and related injuries. While existing literature has established a connection between obesity and reduced postural stability during stationary stances, the direct implications of obesity on walking dynamics, particularly among the older adults with sarcopenia, are not yet comprehensively understood. Objective Firstly, to investigate the influence of obesity on steady-state and proactive balance, as well as gait characteristics, among older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO); and secondly, to unearth correlations between anthropometric characteristics and balance and gait parameters in the same demographic. Methods A cohort of 42 participants was categorized into control (CG; n = 22; age = 81.1 ± 4.0 years; BMI = 24.9 ± 0.6 kg/m²) and sarcopenic obese (SOG; n = 20; age = 77.7 ± 2.9 years; BMI = 34.5 ± 3.2 kg/m²) groups based on body mass index (BMI, kg/m²). Participants were assessed for anthropometric data, body mass, fat and lean body mass percentages (%), and BMI. Steady-state balance was gauged using the Romberg Test (ROM). Proactive balance evaluations employed the Functional Reach (FRT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. The 10-m walking test elucidated spatiotemporal gait metrics, including cadence, speed, stride length, stride time, and specific bilateral spatiotemporal components (stance, swing, 1st and 2nd double support, and single support phases) expressed as percentages of the gait cycle. Results The time taken to complete the TUG and ROM tests was significantly shorter in the CG compared to the SOG (p < 0.05). In contrast, the FRT revealed a shorter distance achieved in the SOG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). The CG exhibited a higher gait speed compared to the SOG (p < 0.05), with shorter stride and step lengths observed in the SOG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Regarding gait cycle phases, the support phase was longer, and the swing phase was shorter in the SOG compared to the CG group (p < 0.05). LBM (%) showed the strongest positive correlation with the ROM (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), gait speed (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), TUG (r = -0.80, p < 0.001) and FRT (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Conclusion Obesity induces added complexities for older adults with sarcopenia, particularly during the regulation of steady-state and proactive balance and gait. The percentage of lean body mass has emerged as a crucial determinant, highlighting a significant impact of reduced muscle mass on the observed alterations in static postural control and gait among older adults with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ferhi
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, Tunis, Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Wael Maktouf
- Bioengineering, Tissues and Neuroplasticity, UR 7377, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Est Créteil, France
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Muvhulawa N, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ndwandwe D, Silvestri S, Ziqubu K, Moetlediwa MT, Mthembu SXH, Marnewick JL, Van der Westhuizen FH, Nkambule BB, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Sarcopenia in a type 2 diabetic state: Reviewing literature on the pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation beyond the neutralizing effect of intracellular antioxidants. Life Sci 2023; 332:122125. [PMID: 37769808 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia remains one of the major pathological features of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in older individuals. This condition describes gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that reduces the overall vitality and fitness, leading to increased hospitalizations and even fatalities to those affected. Preclinical evidence indicates that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics, together with impaired activity of the NADPH oxidase system, are the major sources of oxidative stress that drive skeletal muscle damage in T2D. While patients with T2D also display relatively higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers in the serum, including high sensitivity-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α that are independently linked with the deterioration of muscle function and sarcopenia in T2D. In fact, beyond reporting on the pathological consequences of both oxidative stress and inflammation, the current review highlights the importance of strengthening intracellular antioxidant systems to preserve muscle mass, strength, and function in individuals with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Marakiya T Moetlediwa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Jeanine L Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | | | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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Tian M, Yuan J, Yu F, He P, Zhang Q, Zha Y. Decreased intracellular water is associated with sarcopenic obesity in chronic haemodialysis patients. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:630. [PMID: 37803331 PMCID: PMC10559522 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between intracellular water (ICW) and sarcopenic obesity in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis (HD). METHODS A multicentre, cross-sectional study of 3354 adult chronic HD patients was conducted in 20 haemodialysis centres from June 1, 2021, to August 30, 2021. The diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity was made according to the revised Asian Working Group's definition of sarcopenia combined with obesity per the body fat percentage definition. Body composition was evaluated by a body composition monitor using bioimpedance spectroscopy. Multiple logistic regression models, stratified analyses, interactive analyses, and receiver-operating characteristic analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 752 patients were diagnosed with sarcopenic obesity among 3354 participants. The patients were grouped by sex-specific ICW median levels, and the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was significantly higher in the low ICW group than in the high ICW group (41.3%vs 3.0%). Decreased ICW was significantly associated with sarcopenic obesity. The association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for dialysis vintage, age, body mass index, biochemical indicators, and various medical histories. The odds ratios of the low ICW group were much higher than those of the high ICW group in both males and females (P for trend < 0.001). The association was stable across subgroups, and the interaction analysis showed that age, body mass index and history of diabetes had interactive roles in the association between ICW and sarcopenic obesity (P for interaction < 0.05). Furthermore, the ICW cut-off values for identifying sarcopenic obesity were 19.1 kg and 14.5 kg for males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION Decreased ICW was an independent risk factor for sarcopenic obesity in chronic HD patients. The measurement of ICW by bioimpedance spectroscopy might be a non-invasive and valid means for identifying the risk of future sarcopenic obesity in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolu Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, #83, Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, #83, Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Pinghong He
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, #83, Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, China.
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Tarantino G, Sinatti G, Citro V, Santini SJ, Balsano C. Sarcopenia, a condition shared by various diseases: can we alleviate or delay the progression? Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1887-1895. [PMID: 37490203 PMCID: PMC10543607 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a severe condition common to various chronic diseases and it is reckoned as a major health problem. It encompasses many different molecular mechanisms that have been for a while discovered but not definitely clarified. Although sarcopenia is a disability status that leads to serious health consequences, the scarcity of suitable animal models has curtailed research addressing this disorder. Another limitation in the field of clinical investigation of sarcopenic patients is the lack of a generally accepted definition coupled with the difficulty of adopting common diagnostic criteria. In fact, both do not permit to clarify the exact prevalence rate and consequently limit physicians to establish any kind of therapeutical approach or, when possible, to adopt preventive measures. Unfortunately, there is no standardized cure, apart from doing more physical activity and embracing a balanced diet, but newly discovered substances start being considered. In this review, authors try to give an overview addressing principal pathways of sarcopenia and offer critical features of various possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sinatti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences‑MESVA, School of Emergency‑Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, "Umberto I" Hospital, Nocera Inferiore, SA, Italy
| | - Silvano Jr Santini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences‑MESVA, School of Emergency‑Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, Via Giovanni Battista Martini 6, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Balsano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences‑MESVA, School of Emergency‑Urgency Medicine, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
- Francesco Balsano Foundation, Via Giovanni Battista Martini 6, 00198, Rome, Italy.
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Leite MM, de Sousa Neto IV, Dutra MT, Funghetto SS, de Oliveira Silva A, da Silva ICR, Ramos de Lima L, Morato Stival M. Predictive Models of Muscle Strength in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1535-1546. [PMID: 37727449 PMCID: PMC10506670 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s414620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To propose predictive models for absolute muscle strength (AMS) of elderly people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in primary health care. Patients and Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted with 138 elderly diabetics. The AMS was measured by a JAMAR® hydraulic handgrip dynamometer, determined by the sum of both hands. The following indices were evaluated: waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Multiple linear regression was used in the statistical analysis. Results The final regression model indicated 66.4% (R²=0.66) of the variation in AMS. WHtR decreased AMS by 41.1% (β = -0.19; t = -3.70; p < 0.001), while PLR by 11.3% (β = -0.12; t = -2.36; p = 0.020). Male sex increased AMS by 10.6% (β = 0.32; t = 4.16; p < 0.001), and lean mass (LM) by 0.89% (β = 0.46; t = 6.03; p < 0.001). Conclusion WHtR and PLR predicted a decrease, while male sex and LM predicted an increase in AMS. It is suggested that these markers be used as screening measures for variation in AMS in older adults with DM2. These results have relevant practical application in primary health care since the markers are easy to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Medeiros Leite
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Brasilia, Faculty of Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Schwerz Funghetto
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Brasilia, Faculty of Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marina Morato Stival
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Brasilia, Faculty of Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Juby A, Davis C, Minimaana S, Mager D. Observational cohort study of highly functioning community-dwelling older adults to assess their sarcopenic status, leisure physical activity, and quality of life over 12-months. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20078. [PMID: 37809471 PMCID: PMC10559810 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of sarcopenia varies depending on the cohort evaluated, and the diagnostic criteria used. Older adults with sarcopenia report lower quality of life than their non-sarcopenic peers. Leisure physical activity is reported to have a variable effect on sarcopenic status. Most studies to date, have been done in "vulnerable" populations, with fewer done on independent community-dwelling older adults. None have been done in an Alberta, Canada population. Objectives To prospectively evaluate the sarcopenic status of independent community-dwelling older Albertan adults; whether this changed over 12-months; and any association with self-reported leisure activity or quality of life. Methods Independent community-dwelling older adults were invited to participate in a 12-month observational study. Assessments were done at baseline, 6 and 12-months for physical function (TUG, SPPB, gait speed, Tinetti, grip strength), muscle mass (DXA, arm and calf circumference), body fat (skinfold, DXA), reported daily exercise (aerobic, resistance), quality of life (EQ5D), and laboratory parameters. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definitions of sarcopenic status were used. Results All 50 participants (11 male), were independent of all basic activities of daily living at baseline, and most instrumental activities (some needed assistance with driving or finances). They had an average age of 75.8 (67-90) years, with average MMSE and MoCA cognitive scores of 28.1/30 (20-30) and 24.8/30 (14-30) respectively. Eight participants dropped out prior to their first DXA test. Of the remaining 42, 17 participants (5 male) fulfilled the EWGSOP revised criteria for probable, pre-sarcopenia, or sarcopenia, giving a rate of baseline total sarcopenia of 40.5% in this community-dwelling sample. The majority were pre-sarcopenic (28.6%), and sarcopenia was present only in 7.1%. The total sarcopenia group had a lower BMI (25.6 ± 5.1 versus 29 ± 5, p = 0.01), less body fat by skinfold measurement (36.4 ± 6.5 versus 39.3 ± 8.1, p = 0.01) and lower mid-calf (35.6 ± 3.2 versus 37.6 ± 3.4, p = 0.04) and mid-arm (29.1 ± 2.5 versus 31.9 ± 3.5, p = 0.02) circumferences when compared to their non-sarcopenic peers. After 12-months, 39 participants remained in the study. Of these, the sarcopenic status of 7 improved, 10 declined, with the remaining 56% not changing. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline laboratory parameters between the groups, including 25(OH)D status. But, of the status decliners, 40% had suboptimal 25(OH)D at baseline. Self-reported leisure activity (both total time and frequency) was not associated with sarcopenic status at 12-months. EuroQol -5D was not associated with sarcopenic status. Conclusions The rate of sarcopenia was 7.1%, but the total rate of pre, probable and sarcopenia in this highly functioning, community-dwelling older adult cohort was 40.5%. In the majority (75%), there was either no change, or an improvement, in their sarcopenic status over 12-months. There was no association identified with self-reported leisure activity or quality of life in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.G. Juby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C.M.J. Davis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S. Minimaana
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D.R. Mager
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ferhi H, Gaied Chortane S, Durand S, Beaune B, Boyas S, Maktouf W. Effects of Physical Activity Program on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Neuromuscular Strategies during Walking in Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2294. [PMID: 37628492 PMCID: PMC10454246 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential impact of a specific physical activity program on biomechanical gait parameters and neuromuscular strategies around the ankle joint in older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO) remains largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a 24-week posture, strengthening, and motricity (PSM) program on improving neuromuscular strategies and biomechanical gait parameters in older adults with SO. 40 participants were randomly assigned to either the trained group (TG) and the control group (CG). Only the TG received the PSM program. Standardized evaluations were performed before and after the intervention, including walking tests on an instrumented gait analysis treadmill to evaluate biomechanical gait parameters and EMG activity of ankle muscles. After the PSM program, TG exhibited an increase in comfortable walking speed (+80%, p < 0.001) and step length (+38%, p < 0.05). Moreover, TG demonstrated a reduction in CoP velocity (-26%, p < 0.01). These gait modifications were associated with decreased muscle activity during the different gait phases (p < 0.05). The PSM program effectively improved gait and neuromuscular capacities in older adults with SO. Notably, these results shed light on the remarkable trainability of neuromuscular capacities in older adults with SO, despite the adverse effects of aging and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ferhi
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) « Sport Performance, Health & Society », Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of “La Manouba”, Tunis 2010, Tunisia;
| | - Sabri Gaied Chortane
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) « Sport Performance, Health & Society », Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of “La Manouba”, Tunis 2010, Tunisia;
| | - Sylvain Durand
- Laboratory “Movement, Interactions, Performance” (UR 4334), Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France; (S.D.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Bruno Beaune
- Laboratory “Movement, Interactions, Performance” (UR 4334), Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France; (S.D.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sébastien Boyas
- Laboratory “Movement, Interactions, Performance” (UR 4334), Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Le Mans University, 72000 Le Mans, France; (S.D.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Wael Maktouf
- Bioengineering, Tissues and Neuroplasticity, UR 7377, Faculty of Health, University of Paris-Est Créteil, 8 rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France;
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Franco-Obregón A, Tai YK, Wu KY, Iversen JN, Wong CJK. The Developmental Implications of Muscle-Targeted Magnetic Mitohormesis: A Human Health and Longevity Perspective. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:956. [PMID: 37627841 PMCID: PMC10451851 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle function reflects muscular mitochondrial status, which, in turn, is an adaptive response to physical activity, representing improvements in energy production for de novo biosynthesis or metabolic efficiency. Differences in muscle performance are manifestations of the expression of distinct contractile-protein isoforms and of mitochondrial-energy substrate utilization. Powerful contractures require immediate energy production from carbohydrates outside the mitochondria that exhaust rapidly. Sustained muscle contractions require aerobic energy production from fatty acids by the mitochondria that is slower and produces less force. These two patterns of muscle force generation are broadly classified as glycolytic or oxidative, respectively, and require disparate levels of increased contractile or mitochondrial protein production, respectively, to be effectively executed. Glycolytic muscle, hence, tends towards fibre hypertrophy, whereas oxidative fibres are more disposed towards increased mitochondrial content and efficiency, rather than hypertrophy. Although developmentally predetermined muscle classes exist, a degree of functional plasticity persists across all muscles post-birth that can be modulated by exercise and generally results in an increase in the oxidative character of muscle. Oxidative muscle is most strongly correlated with organismal metabolic balance and longevity because of the propensity of oxidative muscle for fatty-acid oxidation and associated anti-inflammatory ramifications which occur at the expense of glycolytic-muscle development and hypertrophy. This muscle-class size disparity is often at odds with common expectations that muscle mass should scale positively with improved health and longevity. Brief magnetic-field activation of the muscle mitochondrial pool has been shown to recapitulate key aspects of the oxidative-muscle phenotype with similar metabolic hallmarks. This review discusses the common genetic cascades invoked by endurance exercise and magnetic-field therapy and the potential physiological differences with regards to human health and longevity. Future human studies examining the physiological consequences of magnetic-field therapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Kwan Yu Wu
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Nikolas Iversen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Craig Jun Kit Wong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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Torres-Costoso A, Zymbal V, Janz KF, Martínez Vizcaíno V, Baptista F. Body composition and musculoskeletal fitness: A cluster analysis for the identification of risk phenotypes for pediatric sarcopenia. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1151-1158. [PMID: 37244754 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sarcopenia is primarily a disease in older people characterized by reduced muscle mass and strength. Nevertheless, sarcopenia may, at least partially, have pediatric origins. The study aimed to identify risk phenotypes for sarcopenia in healthy young people using clustering analysis procedures based on body composition and musculoskeletal fitness. METHODS We conducted a cluster cross-sectional analysis of data from 529 youth aged 10-18 yr. Body composition was assessed using whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), determining: lean body mass index (LBMI, kg/m2), fat body mass index (FBMI, kg/m2), abdominal FBMI (kg/m2), and lean body mass/fat body mass ratio (LBM/FBM); body mass index was also calculated (BMI, kg/m2). Musculoskeletal fitness was assessed using handgrip strength (kg) and vertical jump power (W) tests. Results were presented as absolute values and adjusted by body mass. Plank endurance (s) was also assessed. All variables were sex and age in years standardized (Z-score). LBMI or LBM/FBM ratio ≤ -1 SD were used to identify participants at risk for sarcopenia. Maturity was estimated as the years of distance from the peak height velocity (PHV) age. RESULTS Using the Z-score means for body composition and musculoskeletal fitness and having LBMI or LBM/FBM ratio as the categorical variables (at risk vs. not at risk), the cluster analyses indicated three homogeneous groups (phenotypes, P): P1, risk body composition and unfit; P2, non-risk body composition and non-fit, and P3, non-risk body composition and fit. With the LBMI as a categorical variable, the ANOVA models showed that the body composition and absolute values of musculoskeletal fitness were in P1 < P2 < P3 and the estimated PHV age of P1 > P3 in both sexes (p < 0.001). Having the LBM/FBM as a categorical variable, higher values of BMI, FBMI, and abdominal FBMI, and lower values of handgrip strength and vertical jump power both adjusted for body mass and plank endurance were observed in P1 than in P2 and/or P3 and the P2 than in the P3 in boys and girls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Two risk phenotypes for sarcopenia were identified in apparently healthy young people: I. a low LBMI phenotype with low BMI and II. a low LBM to FBM phenotype with high BMI and FBMI. In both risk phenotypes I and II, musculoskeletal fitness was low. For screening, we suggest using absolute measures of handgrip strength and vertical jump power in phenotype I and body mass adjusted measures of these markers, as well as the plank endurance time in phenotype II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torres-Costoso
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Vera Zymbal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; ESS, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Vicente Martínez Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Fátima Baptista
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ji S, Park SJ, Lee JY, Baek JY, Jung HW, Kim K, Yoo HJ, Jang IY, Kim BJ. Lack of association between serum myonectin levels and sarcopenia in older Asian adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112229. [PMID: 37270069 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myonectin is a muscle-secreted factor that helps maintain homeostasis in the body by regulating several functions, including lipid metabolism. Previous studies suggested that myonectin may play a role in muscle health in an autocrine manner, but its impact on human skeletal muscle is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship of serum myonectin levels with sarcopenia and related muscle parameters. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 142 older adults whose muscle mass, grip strength, gait speed, chair stands, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) were evaluated in the geriatric clinic of a tertiary medical center. Sarcopenia was defined based on Asian-specific cutoff values, and circulating myonectin levels were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Before and after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, the serum myonectin level was not significantly different when the patients were stratified by status of sarcopenia, muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Furthermore, whether given as a continuous variable or divided into quartile groups, the serum myonectin level had no association with the skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, gait speed, chair stand test, or SPPB score. Our findings did not confirm the potential role of myonectin in muscle metabolism observed in experimental research. Thus, serum myonectin levels cannot predict the risk of sarcopenia in older Asian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Ji
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - So Jeong Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Hee-Won Jung
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
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22
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Brunani A, Cancello R, Gobbi M, Lucchetti E, Di Guglielmo G, Maestrini S, Cattaldo S, Piterà P, Ruocco C, Milesi A, Valerio A, Capodaglio P, Nisoli E. Comparison of Protein- or Amino Acid-Based Supplements in the Rehabilitation of Men with Severe Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4257. [PMID: 37445292 PMCID: PMC10342837 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss is associated with a reduction in all body compartments, including muscle mass (MM), and this effect produces a decrease in function and muscle strength. Our objective was to assess the impact of protein or amino acid supplements on MM loss in middle-aged men (age < 65 years) with severe obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) during weight loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-site randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05143398) with 40 in-patient male subjects with severe obesity. Participants underwent an intervention program consisting of a low-calorie balanced diet and structured physical activity. They were randomly assigned to 4-week treatment groups: (1) control (CTR, N = 10), (2) protein (P, N = 10), (3) branched-chain amino acid (BCAA, N = 10), and (4) essential amino acid mixture with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (PD-E07, N = 10) supplementation. RESULTS Following 4 weeks of intervention, all groups showed similar reductions in body weight compared to baseline. When examining the delta values, a notable increase in muscle mass (MM) was observed in the PD-E07 intervention group [MM (kg): 2.84 ± 3.57; MM (%): 3.63 ± 3.14], in contrast to the CTR group [MM (kg): -2.46 ± 3.04; MM (%): -0.47 ± 2.28], with a statistical significance of p = 0.045 and p = 0.023, respectively. However, the MM values for the P group [MM (kg): -2.75 ± 5.98, p = 0.734; MM (%): -0.44 ± 4.02, p = 0.990] and the BCAA group [MM (kg): -1 ± 3.3, p = 0.734; MM (%): 0.34 ± 2.85, p = 0.956] did not exhibit a statistically significant difference when compared to the CTR group. CONCLUSIONS Amino acid-based supplements may effectively mitigate the loss of MM typically observed during weight reduction. Further validation through large-scale studies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Brunani
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Raffaella Cancello
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michele Gobbi
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisa Lucchetti
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Giulia Di Guglielmo
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefania Cattaldo
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Paolo Piterà
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (C.R.)
| | - Alessandra Milesi
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (C.R.)
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Kawasaki Y, Kitamura E, Kasai T. Impact of Body Composition on Sleep and Its Relationship with Sleep Disorders: Current Insights. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:375-388. [PMID: 37220427 PMCID: PMC10200107 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s340946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is involved in many physiological processes and is essential for both physical and mental health. Obesity and sleep deprivation due to sleep disorders are major public health issues. Their incidence is increasing, and they have a wide range of adverse health-related consequences, including life-threatening cardiovascular disease. The impact of sleep on obesity and body composition is well-known, and many studies have shown an association between insufficient or excessive sleep duration and obesity, body fat percentage, and weight gain. However, there is growing evidence of the effects of body composition on sleep and sleep disorders (particularly sleep disordered breathing) through anatomical and physiological mechanisms (nocturnal fluid shift, core body temperature, or diet). Although some research has been conducted on the bidirectional effects of sleep-disordered breathing and body composition, the specific effects of obesity and body composition on sleep and the underlying mechanisms that explain these effects remain unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the findings on the effects of body composition on sleep and draws conclusions and proposals for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kawasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Kitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sleep and Sleep-Disordered Breathing Center, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Management and Remote Monitoring, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Zupo R, Moroni A, Castellana F, Gasparri C, Catino F, Lampignano L, Perna S, Clodoveo ML, Sardone R, Rondanelli M. A Machine-Learning Approach to Target Clinical and Biological Features Associated with Sarcopenia: Findings from Northern and Southern Italian Aging Populations. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040565. [PMID: 37110223 PMCID: PMC10142879 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and public health resonance of sarcopenia in late life requires further research to identify better clinical markers useful for seeking proper care strategies in preventive medicine settings. Using a machine-learning approach, a search for clinical and fluid markers most associated with sarcopenia was carried out across older populations from northern and southern Italy. A dataset of adults >65 years of age (n = 1971) made up of clinical records and fluid markers from either a clinical-based subset from northern Italy (Pavia) and a population-based subset from southern Italy (Apulia) was employed (n = 1312 and n = 659, respectively). Body composition data obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, given by the presence of either low muscle mass (i.e., an SMI < 7.0 kg/m2 for males or <5.5 kg/m2 for females) and of low muscle strength (i.e., an HGS < 27 kg for males or <16 kg for females) or low physical performance (i.e., an SPPB ≤ 8), according to the EWGSOP2 panel guidelines. A machine-learning feature-selection approach, the random forest (RF), was used to identify the most predictive features of sarcopenia in the whole dataset, considering every possible interaction among variables and taking into account nonlinear relationships that classical models could not evaluate. Then, a logistic regression was performed for comparative purposes. Leading variables of association to sarcopenia overlapped in the two population subsets and included SMI, HGS, FFM of legs and arms, and sex. Using parametric and nonparametric whole-sample analysis to investigate the clinical variables and biological markers most associated with sarcopenia, we found that albumin, CRP, folate, and age ranked high according to RF selection, while sex, folate, and vitamin D were the most relevant according to logistics. Albumin, CRP, vitamin D, and serum folate should not be neglected in screening for sarcopenia in the aging population. Better preventive medicine settings in geriatrics are urgently needed to lessen the impact of sarcopenia on the general health, quality of life, and medical care delivery of the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zupo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Moroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Feliciana Catino
- Department of Innovation and Smart City, Municipality of Taranto, 74121 Taranto, Italy
| | - Luisa Lampignano
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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25
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Bahat G, Ilhan B, Catikkas NM, Tufan A, Ozturk S, Dogan H, Karan MA. Associations between obesity, self-reported weakness and their combinations with mortality in nursing home residents. Acta Clin Belg 2023; 78:112-121. [PMID: 35575752 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2022.2075180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are studies on associations between obesity and mortality in nursing home (NH) residents, but the presence of concomitant muscle weakness has not been examined. We considered that self-reported weakness might be a low muscle strength proxy marker. We aimed to examine associations of obesity alone, self-reported muscle weakness alone, and their combination with mortality in NH residents. METHODS This is a retrospective longitudinal follow-up study. We noted age, sex, nutritional status, functionality, number of chronic diseases, and regular medication. Obesity was assessed by the body fat-percentage method estimated by bioimpedance analysis. Weakness was identified by self-reported muscle weakness. Survival was evaluated with a univariate log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS We included 214 participants. In a median follow-up time of 46 months, mortality occurred in 37.4%. In multivariate analysis adjusted by age, sex, undernutrition, number of chronic diseases, and regular medication, functional scores; 'non-weak non-obese' participants or 'weak alone' participants or 'weak+obese' participants had higher mortality risk when compared with the 'obesity alone' participants [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-5.5, p = 0.01; HR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-5.9, p = 0.02; HR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2-7.7, p = 0.02]. CONCLUSION This is the first report showing that obesity was associated with lower mortality risk if the weakness was not present in NH residents. However, obesity with concomitant weakness was associated with mortality risk similar to non-weak non-obese or weak alone participants. Our study suggests a simple consideration of weakness that can easily be integrated into everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Bahat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birkan Ilhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Muge Catikkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Tufan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Savaş Ozturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Dogan
- Department of General Practitioner, Istanbul Kayisdagi Nursing Home, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Rodrigues RG, Dalboni MA, Correia MDA, Dos Reis LM, Moyses RMA, Elias RM. Calf Circumference Predicts Falls in Older Adults on Hemodialysis. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:363-367. [PMID: 36155086 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are at a higher risk of falling. However, there is no standard method to screen patients at higher risk. We have evaluated whether calf circumference (CC) measurement would be able to predict falls in this population. METHODS This is a prospective study that enrolled patients aged ≥65 years on conventional hemodialysis, followed for 6 months. The presence of falls was associated with demographical, clinical, and biochemical data. Reduced CC was set at <34 cm for men and <33 cm for women. We evaluated physical status using Duke activity status index (DASI) and hand grip strength (HGS). RESULTS Ninety-one patients were included (age 73.7 ± 5.4 years, 69.2% men, 56% with diabetes). Mean CC was 32.6 ± 3.7 cm, with a high prevalence of reduced CC (61.5%). During the follow-up, 13 falls were identified (1 had a fracture and died). These patients were older and heavier (P = .017 and P = .025, respectively). Most falls occurred in patients with sarcopenic obesity (BMI >27 kg/m2 plus reduced HGS or reduced CC). In a logistic regression model, reduced CC (hazard ratio (HR) 7.81, confidence interval (CI): 1.13-53.86, P = .037), higher age (HR 1.19, CI: 1.04-1.36, P = .011), and higher body weight (relative risk (RR) 1.13, CI: 1.04-1.22, P = .003) were independently associated with falls in a fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION CC measurement, an easy and nonexpensive tool, was able to predict falls in older patients on HD. Further studies should test the inclusion of CC in a fall risk assessment in older patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciene M Dos Reis
- LIM-16, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa M A Moyses
- LIM-16, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosilene M Elias
- Post Graduation, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Brazil; LIM-16, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Zhang JZ, Shi W, Zou M, Zeng QS, Feng Y, Luo ZY, Gan HT. Diagnosis, prevalence, and outcomes of sarcopenia in kidney transplantation recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:17-29. [PMID: 36403578 PMCID: PMC9891953 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenia and its clinical predictors and clinical impact vary among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), in part because of different diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to assess the reported diagnosis criteria of sarcopenia and compare them in terms of prevalence, clinical predictors, and impact of sarcopenia. The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for the full-length reports published until 28 January 2022. The subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 . A total of 681 studies were retrieved, among which only 23 studies (including 2535 subjects, 59.7% men, mean age 49.8 years) were eventually included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence in these included studies was 26% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 20-34%, I2 = 93.45%], including 22% (95% CI: 14-32%, I2 = 88.76%) in men and 27% (95% CI: 14-41%, I2 = 90.56%) in women (P = 0.554 between subgroups). The prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed using low muscle mass was 34% (95% CI: 21-48%, I2 = 95.28%), and the prevalence of using low muscle mass in combination with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance was 21% (95% CI: 15-28%, I2 = 90.37%) (P = 0.08 between subgroups). In meta-regression analyses, the mean age (regression coefficient: 1.001, 95% CI: 0.991-1.011) and percentage male (regression coefficient: 0.846, 95% CI: 0.367-1.950) could not predict the effect size. Lower body mass index (odds ratio (OR): 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.84, I2 = 61.5%), female sex (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16-0.61, I2 = 0.0%), and higher age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, I2 = 10.1%) were significantly associated with a higher risk for sarcopenia in KTRs, but phase angle (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.16-4.26, I2 = 84.5%) was not associated with sarcopenia in KTRs. Sarcopenia was not associated with rejections (risk ratio (RR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.23-1.92, I2 = 12.1%), infections (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.34-3.12, I2 = 87.4%), delayed graft functions (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.46-1.43, I2 = 0.0%), and death (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.32-2.82, I2 = 0.0%) in KRTs. Sarcopenia was found to be very common in KRTs. However, we have not found that sarcopenia had a negative impact on clinical health after kidney transplantation. Large study cohorts and multicentre longitudinal studies in the future are urgently needed to explore the prevalence and prognosis of sarcopenia in kidney transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zou
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi-Shan Zeng
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Luo
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-Tian Gan
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, The Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Two-year changes in body composition and future cardiovascular events: a longitudinal community-based study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:4. [PMID: 36721154 PMCID: PMC9890690 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of cardiovascular diseases has rapidly increased among middle-aged and elderly. However, little is known about the relationship of body composition changes with the risk of cardiovascular events among this population in China. We explored the associations of 2-year changes in fat percentage (fat%) and fat-free mass percentage (FFM%) with subsequent cardiovascular events in a middle-aged and elderly community-based cohort. METHODS This study included 1048 participants (456 men [43.51%], aged 50-80 years) without overt cardiovascular disease, who underwent two examinations during 2013-2014 and 2015-2016. All participants were followed up until 2022 for cardiovascular events. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to calculate fat% and FFM% change. RESULTS At baseline, the median body mass index (BMI), fat%, and FFM% were 23.9 (22.1-25.9) kg/m2, 27.2 (20.8-33.6)%, and 72.8 (66.4-79.2)%, respectively. Two-year changes in fat% and FFM% were 0.31 (- 5.53 to 6.87)% and - 0.12 (- 2.36 to 2.06)%. During an average follow-up of 5.5 years, 86 cardiovascular events (8.21%) occurred. Cox regression models showed that hazard ratios (HRs) of every 2% change in fat% and FFM% for cardiovascular events were 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.07) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.74-0.95), respectively. Compared with participants with stable fat% (-2% ≤ ⊿fat% < 2%), those with fat% gain ≥ 2% had an increased risk of cardiovascular events (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.08-3.97). FFM% loss > 8% was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (HR 3.83, 95% CI 1.29-11.4). CONCLUSIONS In a middle-aged and elderly community-based Chinese population, fat% gain or FFM% loss was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
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Chang CL, Li YR, Wang ZY, Li ML, Jia KY, Sun HX, Wang Q, Zhao C, Lu X, Gao W. Serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 as a Potential Biomarker for Sarcopenia in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:34-41. [PMID: 35857418 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function due to aging. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine with pro-inflammatory effects. However, the change of RBP4 concentration and its role in sarcopenia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum RBP4 level with sarcopenia in the older adults. A total of 816 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years were enrolled. Serum RBP4 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), grip strength, and gait speed were measured. We found that serum RBP4 levels were higher in patients with sarcopenia when compared with those without sarcopenias (44.3 [33.9-57.7] vs 38.0 [28.0-48.4] μg/mL). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the optimal cutoff value of serum RBP4 level that predicted sarcopenia was 38.79 μg/mL with a sensitivity of 67.8% and a specificity of 53.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the subjects with a higher level of RBP4 had a higher risk of sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.036, 95% CI = 1.449-2.861). Serum RBP4 concentration was negatively correlated with grip strength (r = -.098), gait speed (r = -.186), and AMSI (r = -.096). Moreover, serum RBP4 levels were higher in patients with severe sarcopenia when compared with those with moderate sarcopenia (49.0 [37.3-61.2] vs 40.4 [31.3-51.2] μg/mL). Taken together, our results demonstrate that serum RBP4 level is correlated with the risk and severity of sarcopenia in the older adults, indicating that RBP4 might serve as a surrogate biomarker for the screening and evaluation of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lu Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ru Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Yue Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Lin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai-Yue Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Xian Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ferriolli E, Roschel H. Editorial: Body Composition and Frailty: The Role of Adiposity. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:401-402. [PMID: 37357321 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Ferriolli
- Eduardo Ferriolli, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Serviço de Geriatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
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El Ghoch M, Rossi AP, Verde L, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Understanding sarcopenic obesity in young adults in clinical practice: a review of three unsolved questions. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:537-547. [PMID: 36533664 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.22.04784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to summarize the available literature on three yet unsolved questions, namely: 1) the dilemma surrounding definition of sarcopenic obesity (SO), especially in young adults; 2) the potential impact of this phenotype on weight-loss programme outcomes; and 3) the strategies for optimum management (prevention/treatment) of SO in clinical practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review using the PubMed/Medline database was conducted, and data were summarized based on a narrative approach. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Firstly, SO can be screened by the 30-sec sit-to-stand test; ≤25 and ≤21; and confirmed by the ratio of (appendicular lean mass/Body Mass Index) ≤0.789 and 0.512 in males and females, respectively. Secondly, SO is associated with impaired physical fitness, reduced resting energy expenditure and an inactive lifestyle, that seems to negatively impact on weight-management outcomes, namely increasing early dropout and difficulty in maintaining weight loss in the long term. Finally, prevention/treatment of SO in young adults must be realized through tailored lifestyle intervention (diet+exercise) to preserve and improve strength and muscle mass, even where weight loss is necessary. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have clinical implications since they may help in screening, managing and improving the weight-loss outcomes of patients with SO in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Arab University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Ca' Foncello ULSS2 Treviso, Treviso, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy -
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Santos MO, Alves MDC, Lins Neto MADF, Moura FA. MUSCLE DEPLETED OBESITY IN INDIVIDUALS SCREENED FOR COLORECTAL CÂNCER. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2022; 59:450-455. [PMID: 36515341 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202204000-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most incident cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death. Significant decreases in incidence and mortality can be achieved by reducing risk factors and adhering to healthy lifestyle recommendations, as well as screening for the disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical nutritional profile of individuals at medium risk screened for CRC residing in the city of Piranhas/Alagoas. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted from September to October 2020, with individuals at medium risk for CRC, of both sexes and aged between 50 and 70 years old. Participants were screened for CRC with fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and colonoscopy. Personal, socioeconomic, clinical, lifestyle and nutritional assessment data were collected. The latter was performed using anthropometric data (weight, height, arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness), body composition (bioimpedance) and physical examination. Descriptive analysis of data frequencies and dichotomization according to the presence or absence of overweight was performed, followed by comparison of means and medians and frequencies by chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS In total, 82 people agreed to undergo the clinical nutritional assessment, most of them female (56.1%; n=46), adults (56.1%; n=46), with a mean age of 59.02 years (±6.30 SD). Pre-cancerous lesions were identified in 54.5% (n=42) of those screened, 52.4% (n=43) were smokers or former smokers, and 65.9% (n=54) did not practice scheduled physical activity. Nutritional assessment showed that 64.6% (n=53) were overweight according to body mass index. On the other hand, the muscle mass, % arm muscle circumference adequacy and body muscle mass (kg) markers showed that 32.9% (n=27) and 47.6% (n=39) of the subjects were muscle depleted, respectively. Above all, overweight participants had, in parallel, lower muscle mass (P<0.05), suggesting sarcopenic obesity in this population. CONCLUSION Obesity is one of the main risk factors for CRC; when concomitant with sarcopenia, it favors worse health outcomes. In this context, evidence shows the need to assess muscle composition in people with obesity, especially through other methods of assessing body composition. Our results add to the evidence on the importance of the population being guided about screening and adherence to healthy lifestyle recommendations, especially strategies aimed at weight control and the practice of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monise Oliveira Santos
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição (PPGNUT), Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - Marla de Cerqueira Alves
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição (PPGNUT), Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | | | - Fabiana Andréa Moura
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição (PPGNUT), Maceió, AL, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Maceió, AL, Brasil
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Liang Z, Zhang T, Liu H, Li Z, Peng L, Wang C, Wang T. Inflammaging: The ground for sarcopenia? Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111931. [PMID: 35985553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease that occurs most commonly in the elderly population, contributing to increased costs and hospitalization. Exercise and nutritional therapy have been proven to be effective for sarcopenia, and some drugs can also alleviate declines in muscle mass and function due to sarcopenia. However, there is no specific pharmacological treatment for sarcopenia at present. This review will mainly discuss the relationship between inflammaging and sarcopenia. The increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines with aging may be because of cellular senescence, immunosenescence, alterations in adipose tissue, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and gut microbes due to aging. These sources of inflammaging can impact the sarcopenia process through direct or indirect pathways. Conversely, sarcopenia can also aggravate the process of inflammaging, creating a vicious cycle. Targeting sources of inflammaging can influence muscle function, which could be considered a therapeutic target for sarcopenia. Moreover, not only proinflammatory cytokines but also anti-inflammatory cytokines can influence muscle and inflammation and participate in the progression of sarcopenia. This review focuses on the effects of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, which can be detected in plasma. Therefore, clearing chronic inflammation by targeting proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) and the inflammatory pathway (JAK/STAT, autophagy, NF-κB) may be effective in treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Liang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Health Park, CF14 4XN Wales, UK
| | - Honghong Liu
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO.37 Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lihong Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Lyu Q, Wen Y, He B, Zhang X, Chen J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Xu L, Xiao Q, Deng H. The ameliorating effects of metformin on disarrangement ongoing in gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic and obese sarcopenic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166508. [PMID: 35905940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and obese sarcopenia are increasingly prevalent chronic diseases with multifactorial pathogenesis, and no approved therapeutic drug to date. In the established sarcopenic mice models, muscle weakness, ectopic lipid deposition, and inflammatory responses in both serum and gastrocnemius muscle were observed, which were even deteriorated in obese sarcopenic models. With metformin intervention for 5 months, metformin exhibited benefits and restoring effects on gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic mice, but less effective on that of obese sarcopenic mice, as reflected in the increased percentage of muscle mass and enlarged fiber cross-sectional area, enhanced grip strength and exercise capacities, as well as the ameliorated ectopic lipid deposition and partially restored level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1α, which may be via the activation of phospho-AMPKα (Thr172). The significant up-regulated mRNA and protein level of lipolysis related proteins like hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) may contribute to the ameliorated ectopic lipid deposition with metformin intervention. The uptake of free fatty acid may be also inhibited in obese sarcopenic mice with metformin administration, as reflected in down-regulated mRNA and protein level of fatty acid transporter CD36. Furthermore, NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of metformin. These findings suggest that metformin treatment may be conducive to the prevention of age-related sarcopenia by regulating lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, i.e. enhanced lipolysis and attenuated hyper-inflammatory responses, which may be AMPK-dependent processes. Moreover, high-fat diet would aggravate the damage to ageing in skeletal muscles and reduced their reactivity to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lyu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclinicum, J8:30, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclinicum, J8:30, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingjie Xu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huisheng Deng
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
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Kim YJ, Moon S, Yu JM, Chung HS. Implication of diet and exercise on the management of age‐related sarcopenic obesity in Asians. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:695-704. [PMID: 35871525 PMCID: PMC9544230 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of sarcopenic obesity among adults aged ≥65 years is rising worldwide. Sarcopenic obesity is a high‐risk geriatric syndrome defined as a gain in the amount of adipose tissue along with the age‐related loss of muscle mass and strength or physical performance. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with increased risks of falls, physical limitations, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and/or mortality. Thus, the identification of preventive and treatment strategies against sarcopenic obesity is important for healthy aging. Diet and exercise are the reasons for the development of sarcopenic obesity and are key targets in its prevention and treatment. Regarding weight reduction alone, it is most effective to maintain a negative energy balance with dietary calorie restriction and aerobic exercise. However, it is important to preserve skeletal muscle mass while reducing fat mass. Resistance exercise and appropriate protein supply are the main ways of preserving skeletal muscle mass, as well as muscle function. Therefore, in order to improve sarcopenic obesity, a complex treatment strategy is needed to limit energy ingestion with proper nutrition and to increase multimodal exercises. In this review, we focus on recently updated interventions for diet and exercise and potential future management strategies for Asian individuals with aging‐related sarcopenic obesity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 695–704.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University Seoul South Korea
| | - Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae Myung Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University Seoul South Korea
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Conti C, Turri G, Gecchele G, Conci S, Zamboni GA, Ruzzenente A, Guglielmi A, Pedrazzani C. Sarcobesity Index Predicts Poor Disease-Specific Survival After Resection for Colorectal Cancer. J Surg Res 2022; 279:398-408. [PMID: 35835033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcobesity (SO) is traditionally defined as the association between low muscle mass and obesity and has been reported to worsen prognosis after curative resection for colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to propose a new definition of SO based on computed tomography measurements of the skeletal muscle area (SMA) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and to assess its implications on long-term survival after curative resection for stage I-III CRC. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 506 patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent surgery between January 2010 and December 2019. Preoperative computed tomography images were analyzed and the sarcobesity index (SI) was calculated for each patient as the VAT/SMA ratio. The optimal cutoff value for predicting survival was determined using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis. Overall survival and disease-specific survival (DSS) were compared between SO (SI > 1.25) and non-SO (SI ≤ 1.25) patients. The rates and modes of recurrence were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS Three hundred (59.3%) patients were identified to be sarcobese. No differences in short-term outcomes and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy were found, except for a longer length of stay in patients with SO. In a univariable analysis, SO was associated with a worse 5-y overall survival and DSS, considering the whole population and stages II and III separately. A multivariable analysis confirmed SO to be an independent risk factor for DSS (hazard ratio 2.29; 95% confidence interval 1.13-4.62, P = 0.02). Although the overall recurrence rate did not differ between the groups, a significantly higher rate of recurrence at multiple sites was observed in patients with SO (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The SI, defined as per the VAT/SMA ratio, seems to be a reliable tool for identifying patients with worse DSS after potentially curative surgery for stage I-III CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Conti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Unit of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Turri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Unit of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gecchele
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Unit of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Conci
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Unit of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia A Zamboni
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Radiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruzzenente
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Unit of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guglielmi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Unit of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Corrado Pedrazzani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Unit of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Kalinkovich A, Becker M, Livshits G. New Horizons in the Treatment of Age-Associated Obesity, Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis. Drugs Aging 2022; 39:673-683. [PMID: 35781216 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-022-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults in developed countries is accompanied by the dramatic growth of age-associated chronic diseases, including obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. Hence, prevention and treatment of age-associated chronic diseases has become increasingly urgent. The key to achieving this goal is a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pathophysiology, some aspects of which, despite extensive investigation, are still not fully understood. Aging, obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis are characterized by the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). The common mechanisms that govern the development of these chronic conditions include a failed resolution of inflammation. Physiologically, the process of inflammation resolution is provided mainly by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) acting via cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Noteworthy, SPM levels and the expression of their receptors are significantly reduced in aging and the associated chronic disorders. In preclinical studies, supplementation of SPMs or their stable, small-molecule SPM mimetics and receptor agonists reveals clear beneficial effects in inflammation-related obesity and sarcopenic and osteoporotic conditions, suggesting a translational potential. Age-associated chronic disorders are also characterized by gut dysbiosis and the accumulation of senescent cells in the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and bones. Based on these findings, we propose SCLGI resolution as a novel strategy for the prevention/treatment of age-associated obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. Our approach entails the enhancement of inflammation resolution by SPM mimetics and receptor agonists in concert with probiotics/prebiotics and compounds that eliminate senescent cells and their pro-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6905126, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria Becker
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6905126, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, 4077625, Ariel, Israel.
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Yang JM, Luo Y, Zhang JH, Liu QQ, Zhu Q, Ye H, Niu YL, Huang H, Xie HY, Long Y, Wang MY. Effects of WB-EMS and protein supplementation on body composition, physical function, metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged and elderly patients with sarcopenic obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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González-Islas D, Sánchez-Moreno C, Orea-Tejeda A, Hernández-López S, Salgado-Fernández F, Keirns-Davis C, Galicia-Amor S, Trejo-Mellado E, Gochicoa-Rangel L, Castorena-Maldonado A. Body composition and risk factors associated with sarcopenia in post-COVID patients after moderate or severe COVID-19 infections. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:223. [PMID: 35676657 PMCID: PMC9175169 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by diverse symptoms and abnormalities that persist beyond 12 weeks from the onset of acute COVID-19. Severity disease has been associated with more musculoskeletal alterations such as muscle weakness, dyspnea, and distance walking. The aim was to evaluate the impact of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) on body composition and investigate risk factors associated with sarcopenia in post-COVID-19 patients three months after moderate or severe COVID-19 infections. Methods Cross-sectional study. 530 patients with PCR-confirmed diagnoses of moderate to severe COVID-19, > 18 years old, oxygen saturation ≤ 93%, PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 300, who required hospitalization and were discharged were included. We excluded those who died before the follow-up visit, declined to participate, or could not be contacted. Results The mean age was 53.79 ± 12.90 years. IMV subjects had lower phase angle and handgrip strength and higher impedance index, frequency of low muscle mass, and low muscle strength than those without IMV. The risk factors of sarcopenia were > 60 years of age, diabetes, obesity, IMV, and prolonged hospital stay. The multivariate model showed that age > 60 years (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 2.26–10.63), obesity (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.21–11.54), and interaction between prolonged length of hospital stay and IMV (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.21–7.02) were related to a higher risk of sarcopenia. Conclusion Obesity and the interaction between prolonged length of hospital stay and IMV are associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia at 3 months after severe or moderate COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce González-Islas
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502 Col Sec XVI CP 14080 Del Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Moreno
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502 Col Sec XVI CP 14080 Del Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Orea-Tejeda
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502 Col Sec XVI CP 14080 Del Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Samantha Hernández-López
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502 Col Sec XVI CP 14080 Del Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Salgado-Fernández
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502 Col Sec XVI CP 14080 Del Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Candace Keirns-Davis
- Heart Failure and Respiratory Distress Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502 Col Sec XVI CP 14080 Del Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Galicia-Amor
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Trejo-Mellado
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Gochicoa-Rangel
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Castorena-Maldonado
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Bellafronte NT, Govêia TR, Chiarello PG. Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: prevalence by different definitions and relationship with adiposity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:915-925. [PMID: 35658617 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This was a cross-sectional study with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients under non-dialysis-dependent (NDD), hemodialysis (HD) and kidney transplant (KTx) treatment aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and the Foundation of the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) guidelines; also analyze the relationship between sarcopenia and its components with body adiposity. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometry. Bioelectrical impedance provided data of phase angle and body water. The prevalence of sarcopenia in total sample (n=243; 53% men, 48±10 y) was 7% by FNIH and 5% by EWGSOP2 criteria; and was low in each CKD group independently of the criteria applied (max 11% prevalence). Low muscle mass was present in 39% (FNIH) and 36% (EWGSOP2) and dynapenia in 10% of patients. Sarcopenic patients by EWGSOP2 criteria presented low body adiposity. Conversely, sarcopenic patients by FNIH presented high adiposity. This study suggests that in CKD (i) sarcopenia and low muscle mass prevalence varies according to the diagnostic criteria, (ii) are common conditions, (iii) association with body adiposity depends on the criteria used to define low muscle mass, (iv) FNIH criteria detected high adiposity in individuals with sarcopenia. Novelty bullets: Prevalence of sarcopenia and low muscle mass in CKD varied according to the diagnostic criteria; association of excess adiposity with sarcopenia and low muscle mass depends on muscle mass index applied; FNIH criteria detected higher adiposity in individuals with sarcopenia. NOVELTY BULLETS Prevalence of sarcopenia and low muscle mass in CKD varied according to the diagnostic criteria; Association of excess adiposity with sarcopenia and low muscle mass depends on muscle mass index applied; FNIH criteria detected higher adiposity in individuals with sarcopenia and low muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaísa Ribeiro Govêia
- University of São Paulo, Nutrition and Metabolism Undergraduate Course, Ribeirão Preto City, São Paulo State, Brazil;
| | - Paula Garcia Chiarello
- University of São Paulo, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto City, São Paulo State, Brazil;
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Effects of resistance training on body composition and physical function in elderly patients with osteosarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:82. [PMID: 35654981 PMCID: PMC9163017 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is a complex disease commonly seen in the elderly. We found that resistance training may improve bone mineral density, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat percentage in patients with OSO. Therefore, resistance training is beneficial for elderly OSO patients and is worth being promoted. PURPOSE Investigate effects of resistance training on body composition and physical function in elderly osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) patients. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were searched from inception until October 13, 2021.Two independent researchers extracted the key information from each eligible study. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of the outcomes. Sensitivity analysis indicated the stability of the results. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Four randomized controlled studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included, with 182 participants. Twelve weeks of resistance training improved bone mineral density (BMD, mean difference (MD) = 0.01 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001, 0.02, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%), skeletal muscle mass (SMM, MD = 1.19 kg, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.89, P = 0.0007, I2 = 0%), Z score, timed chair rise test (TCR), and body fat percentage (BFP, MD = - 1.61%, 95% CI: - 2.94, - 0.28, P = 0.02, I2 = 50%) but did not significantly affect skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, MD = 0.20 kg/m2, 95% CI: - 0.25, 0.64, P = 0.38, I2 = 0%) or gait speed (GS). CONCLUSIONS Resistance training is a safe and effective intervention that can improve many parameters, including BFP, SMM, and Z score, among OSO patients and is a good option for elderly individuals to improve their physical fitness.
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Buzza AFB, Machado CA, Pontes F, Sampaio LG, Contador JS, Sampaio CL, Radominski RB, Boguszewski CL, Borba VZC. Prevalence of sarcopenia in women at stable weight phase after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:2359-3997000000494. [PMID: 35657128 PMCID: PMC9832848 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluating the prevalence of sarcopenia in women submitted to bariatric surgery - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Design: Observational, cross-sectional study. Subjects and methods Women (18-65 years old) who underwent bariatric surgery (BG) ≥ 2 years and reached stable weight ≥ 6 months, were investigated. Control group (CG) comprised non-operated matched women with obesity. Body composition was determined through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low lean mass (LLM) was defined as appendicular lean mass index (ALM kg/height m2) < 5.5 kg/m2. Physical strength was assessed through dynamometer and sit-to-stand test (SST), whereas performance was assessed through 4-m gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery Tests (SPPB). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in the presence of LLM and low strength. Results One-hundred and twenty women (60 in each group, 50 ± 9.7 years old) were investigated. All anthropometric and body composition parameters were lower in BG than in CG, whereas strength and performance were similar between groups. Women with reduced strength presented high total fat mass and low physical activity level (p < 0.005). LLM was observed in 35% of BG and in 18.3% of CG (p = 0.04), whereas sarcopenia was diagnosed in 28.3% of BG and in 16.6% of CG (p = 0.12). Sarcopenic women in BG had better performance both in SST (p = 0.001) and SPPB (p = 0.004). Total lean mass (OR:1.41, 95% CI [1.18; 1.69], p < 0.001) and obesity (OR: 38.2 [2.27; 644.12], p < 0.001) were associated with sarcopenia in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Despite great weight loss, sarcopenia prevalence did not increase in BG and its presence was influenced by total lean mass and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fabiana Bueno Buzza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (SEMPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil,
| | - Cristina Aquino Machado
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Felipe Pontes
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Letícia Guadanhim Sampaio
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Carolina Labigalini Sampaio
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Rosana Bento Radominski
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (SEMPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Cesar Luiz Boguszewski
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (SEMPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Victoria Zeghbi Cochenski Borba
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (SEMPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Choi S, Chon J, Lee SA, Yoo MC, Yun Y, Chung SJ, Kim M, Lee ET, Kyu Choi M, Won CW, Soh Y. Central obesity is associated with lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older women, but not in men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:406. [PMID: 35534812 PMCID: PMC9082840 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a chronic disease that causes various medical health problems, increases morbidity, and reduces the quality of life. Obesity (especially central obesity) in older adults is expected to act with the development of sarcopenia. However, the relationship between obesity, central obesity, and sarcopenia remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on sarcopenia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study; 1,827 community-dwelling older adults (883 men and 944 women) aged 70–84 years were recruited. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria were used to evaluate sarcopenia. Subjects with a low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI; men: < 7.0 kg/m2, women: < 5.4 kg/m2) and either low handgrip strength (HGS; men: < 28 kg, women: < 18 kg) or low Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; ≤ 9) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 25 kg/m2, while central obesity was defined as WC measurements of ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of obesity and central obesity on sarcopenia and the parameters of sacropenia. Results In both sexes, the obese group, defined based on the BMI, had a significantly low prevalence of low ASMI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.14, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.10–0.20 in men, OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.12–0.25 in women) and sarcopenia (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.16–0.50 in men, OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.08–0.35 in women) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. In women, the central obese group had a low prevalence of sarcopenia (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27–0.77) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Meanwhile, the obese group had a significantly higher prevalence of low SPPB in women (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.18–2.59). Conclusions Obesity may have a protective effect on low ASMI and sarcopenia, as defined by the AWGS criteria. Central obesity was associated with a low prevalence of sarcopenia in women only. However, obesity did not have a positive impact on functional parameters of sarcopenia including muscle strength and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmann Chon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ah Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeocheon Yun
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Taek Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunsoo Soh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Slow gait speed is associated with dynapenic obesity in Mexican ambulatory older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 45:125-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shin JE, Jeon SH, Lee SJ, Choung SY. The Administration of Panax Ginseng Berry Extract Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Sarcopenic Obesity in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091747. [PMID: 35565712 PMCID: PMC9099595 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and obesity are serious health problems that are highly related to several metabolic diseases. Sarcopenic obesity, a combined state of sarcopenia and obesity, results in higher risks of metabolic diseases and even mortality than sarcopenia or obesity alone. Therefore, the development of therapeutic agents for sarcopenic obesity is crucial. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks. Then, mice were administered with Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) for an additional 4 weeks, with continuous HFD intake. GBE significantly decreased the food efficiency ratio, serum lipid and insulin levels, adipose tissue weights, and adipocyte size. It significantly increased the grip strength, muscle masses, and myofiber cross-sectional area. It deactivated the protein kinase C (PKC) theta and zeta, resulting in activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, which is known to regulate muscle synthesis and degradation. Furthermore, it inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in the muscle tissue. GBE attenuated both obesity and sarcopenia. Thus, GBE is a potential agent to prevent or treat sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Shin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - So-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | | | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-9198; Fax: +82-2-961-0372
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Visceral Adipose Tissue Influence on Health Problem Development and Its Relationship with Serum Biochemical Parameters in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Literature Review. J Aging Res 2022; 2022:8350527. [PMID: 35492380 PMCID: PMC9042620 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8350527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) tends to increase with age and is associated with several health problems, such as cardiometabolic diseases, increased infections, and overall mortality. Objectives This review provides a general assessment of how visceral adiposity correlates with the development of health problems and changes in serum biochemical parameters in middle-aged and older adults. Methods We searched specific terms in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases for VAT articles published in the English language between 2009 and 2019 related to older adults. Results The search found twenty-three publications in this period, of which nine were excluded. The publications had a population aged between 42 and 83 years and correlated the VAT area ratio with several comorbidities (such as pancreatitis, depression, cancer, and coronary heart disease) and serum biochemical parameters. Conclusion Further research on the association between visceral obesity and the emergence of health problems and the relationship between VAT and changes in serum biochemical parameters in older individuals should deepen the understanding of this connection and develop preventive actions.
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Scafoglieri A, Van den Broeck J, Cattrysse E, Bautmans I, Heymsfield SB. Non-linear Associations Between Visceral Adipose Tissue Distribution and Anthropometry-Based Estimates of Visceral Adiposity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:825630. [PMID: 35399665 PMCID: PMC8987197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.825630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with future loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skeletal muscle (SM) with aging. In clinical settings (abdominal) circumferences are commonly used to estimate body composition (BC). We aimed to study the linearity of VAT distribution ratios (i.e., VAT/SAT ratio and VAT/SM ratio), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) with age and the relationship of VAT distribution ratios with anthropometry (i.e., WHR and WC).Materials and MethodsBC was determined using whole body magnetic resonance imaging in a large multi-ethnic group of 419 adults (42% white, 30% black, 15% Hispanic, 13% Asian, 1% other) with a BMI ranging from 15.9 to 40.8kg/m2. Linear and non-linear regression analysis was used to examine the linearity of VAT distribution ratios and anthropometry from 18 to 88 years. The relation between VAT distribution ratios and anthropometry was assessed separately.ResultsIn both sexes non-linear relationships were found between BC estimates and age, and between BC measures mutually. The ratios of VAT/SAT and VAT/SM showed quadratic relationships with age. VAT distribution ratios showed exponential or quadratic relationships with anthropometry with coefficients of determination ranging between 18 and 55%.ConclusionIn both sexes, VAT distribution ratios showed curvilinear relationships with age and with anthropometry. Given the sex differences in VAT distribution ratios, WHR and WC represent different BC proportions in men and women. These results emphasize the challenge when interpreting changes in BC based upon linear extrapolations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Scafoglieri
- Experimental Anatomy Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Frailty in Aging Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Aldo Scafoglieri,
| | - Jona Van den Broeck
- Experimental Anatomy Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erik Cattrysse
- Experimental Anatomy Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Aging Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Preservation of Fat-free Mass in the first year after Bariatric Surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 122 studies and 10758 participants. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022; 18:964-982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dowling L, Duseja A, Vilaca T, Walsh JS, Goljanek-Whysall K. MicroRNAs in obesity, sarcopenia, and commonalities for sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:68-85. [PMID: 34984856 PMCID: PMC8818592 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is a distinct condition of sarcopenia in the context of obesity, with the cumulative health risks of both phenotypes. Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported separately in people with obesity and sarcopenia and may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. However, this has not been explored to date. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs reported in serum, plasma, and skeletal muscle of people with obesity and sarcopenia and whether there are any commonalities between these conditions. We performed a systematic review on Embase and MEDLINE (PROSPERO, CRD42020224486) for differentially expressed miRNAs (fold change >1.5 or P-value <0.05) in (i) sarcopenia or frailty and (ii) obesity or metabolic syndrome. The functions and targets of miRNAs commonly changed in both conditions, in the same direction, were searched using PubMed. Following deduplication, 247 obesity and 42 sarcopenia studies were identified for full-text screening. Screening identified 36 obesity and 6 sarcopenia studies for final inclusion. A total of 351 miRNAs were identified in obesity and 157 in sarcopenia. Fifty-five miRNAs were identified in both obesity and sarcopenia-by sample type, 48 were found in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle. Twenty-four miRNAs were identified from 10 of the included studies as commonly changed in the same direction (22 in plasma and one each in serum and skeletal muscle) in obesity and sarcopenia. The majority of miRNA-validated targets identified in the literature search were members of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and transforming growth factor-β signalling pathways. The most common targets identified were insulin-like growth factor 1 (miR-424-5p, miR-483-3p, and miR-18b-5p) and members of the SMAD family (miR-483-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-424-5p). The majority of commonly changed miRNAs were involved in protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, determination of muscle fibre type, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis. Twenty-four miRNAs were identified as commonly dysregulated in obesity and sarcopenia with functions and targets implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity. Given the adverse health outcomes associated with sarcopenic obesity, understanding the pathogenesis underlying this phenotype has the potential to lead to effective screening, monitoring, or treatment strategies. Further research is now required to confirm whether these miRNAs are differentially expressed in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Mo YH, Yang C, Su YD, Dong X, Deng WY, Liu BB, Yao XM, Wang XH. Prevalence and diagnostic agreement of sarcopenic obesity with different definitions among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6514238. [PMID: 35077561 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE this retrospective study aims to compare the prevalence and diagnostic agreement of sarcopenic obesity (SO) using different obesity diagnostic methods among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS SO was diagnosed with sarcopenia and obesity diagnostic methods. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria 2019 (AWGS2019). Four widely used indicators were used to define obesity: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent of body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA). Cohen's kappa was used to analyse the diagnosis agreement of SO between different diagnostic methods. RESULTS a total of 1,050 participants were included, including 347 men (71.3 ± 7.4 years) and 703 women (69.9 ± 7.5 years). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 25% in total participants, there was no difference between men (24.2%) and women (25.5%), (P = 0.705). With different obesity diagnostic methods, the obesity prevalence ranged from 4.1 to 42.2%, the SO prevalence was 0.1-7.9%. The diagnosis agreement of SO was poor-to-moderate (κ ranged from -0.002 to 0.682). Among the four diagnostic methods, AWGS combined with BMI had the poorest agreement (κ = -0.002 with other methods), AWGS combined with VFA had the best agreement (κ = 0.641 and 0.682 with AWGS combined with PBF and with AWGS combined with WC, respectively). CONCLUSION the prevalence of SO vary considerably and the diagnostic agreement is poor-to-moderate with non-uniform diagnostic methods. BMI has the lowest sensitivity, whereas VFA has the highest sensitivity in diagnosis of SO, and VFA has a relatively good diagnostic agreement with other diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Mo
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chen Yang
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Dong Su
- Xiangya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Dong
- The School of Nursing, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Yu Deng
- Xiangya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yao
- Xiangya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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