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Magoulick KM, Hull V, Liu J. Mammal recovery inside and outside terrestrial protected areas. AMBIO 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7. [PMID: 38600245 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Protected areas are a key component of global conservation, and the world is aiming to increase protected areas to cover 30% of land and water through the 30 × 30 Initiative under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. However, factors affecting their success or failure in regard to promoting mammal population recovery are not well studied, particularly using quantitative approaches comparing across diverse taxa, biomes, and countries. To better understand how protected areas contribute to mammalian recovery, we conducted an analysis of 2706 mammal populations both inside and outside of protected areas worldwide. We calculated the annual percent change of mammal populations within and outside of terrestrial protected areas and examined the relationship between the percent change and a suite of human and natural characteristics including biome, region, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protected area category, IUCN Red List classification, and taxonomic order. Our results show that overall mammal populations inside and outside of protected areas are relatively stable. It appears that Threatened mammals are doing better inside of protected areas than outside, whereas the opposite is true for species of least concern and Near Threatened species. We also found significant population increases in protected areas classified as category III and significant population decreases in protected and unprotected areas throughout Oceania. Our results demonstrate that terrestrial protected areas can be an important approach for mammalian recovery and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Magoulick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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2
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Sanders E, Wassens S, Michael DR, Nimmo DG, Turner JM. Extinction risk of the world's freshwater mammals. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14168. [PMID: 37563953 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The continued loss of freshwater habitats poses a significant threat to global biodiversity. We reviewed the extinction risk of 166 freshwater aquatic and semiaquatic mammals-a group rarely documented as a collective. We used the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species categories as of December 2021 to determine extinction risk. Extinction risk was then compared among taxonomic groups, geographic areas, and biological traits. Thirty percent of all freshwater mammals were listed as threatened. Decreasing population trends were common (44.0%), including a greater rate of decline (3.6% in 20 years) than for mammals or freshwater species as a whole. Aquatic freshwater mammals were at a greater risk of extinction than semiaquatic freshwater mammals (95% CI -7.20 to -1.11). Twenty-nine species were data deficient or not evaluated. Large species (95% CI 0.01 to 0.03) with large dispersal distances (95% CI 0.03 to 0.15) had a higher risk of extinction than small species with small dispersal distances. The number of threatening processes associated with a species compounded their risk of extinction (95% CI 0.28 to 0.77). Hunting, land clearing for logging and agriculture, pollution, residential development, and habitat modification or destruction from dams and water management posed the greatest threats to these species. The basic life-history traits of many species were poorly known, highlighting the need for more research. Conservation of freshwater mammals requires a host of management actions centered around increased protection of riparian areas and more conscientious water management to aid the recovery of threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmalie Sanders
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Skye Wassens
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and Environment, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Damian R Michael
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and Environment, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dale G Nimmo
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and Environment, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James M Turner
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, UK
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3
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Luedtke JA, Chanson J, Neam K, Hobin L, Maciel AO, Catenazzi A, Borzée A, Hamidy A, Aowphol A, Jean A, Sosa-Bartuano Á, Fong G A, de Silva A, Fouquet A, Angulo A, Kidov AA, Muñoz Saravia A, Diesmos AC, Tominaga A, Shrestha B, Gratwicke B, Tjaturadi B, Martínez Rivera CC, Vásquez Almazán CR, Señaris C, Chandramouli SR, Strüssmann C, Cortez Fernández CF, Azat C, Hoskin CJ, Hilton-Taylor C, Whyte DL, Gower DJ, Olson DH, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Santana DJ, Nagombi E, Najafi-Majd E, Quah ESH, Bolaños F, Xie F, Brusquetti F, Álvarez FS, Andreone F, Glaw F, Castañeda FE, Kraus F, Parra-Olea G, Chaves G, Medina-Rangel GF, González-Durán G, Ortega-Andrade HM, Machado IF, Das I, Dias IR, Urbina-Cardona JN, Crnobrnja-Isailović J, Yang JH, Jianping J, Wangyal JT, Rowley JJL, Measey J, Vasudevan K, Chan KO, Gururaja KV, Ovaska K, Warr LC, Canseco-Márquez L, Toledo LF, Díaz LM, Khan MMH, Meegaskumbura M, Acevedo ME, Napoli MF, Ponce MA, Vaira M, Lampo M, Yánez-Muñoz MH, Scherz MD, Rödel MO, Matsui M, Fildor M, Kusrini MD, Ahmed MF, Rais M, Kouamé NG, García N, Gonwouo NL, Burrowes PA, Imbun PY, Wagner P, Kok PJR, Joglar RL, Auguste RJ, Brandão RA, Ibáñez R, von May R, Hedges SB, Biju SD, Ganesh SR, Wren S, Das S, Flechas SV, Ashpole SL, Robleto-Hernández SJ, Loader SP, Incháustegui SJ, Garg S, Phimmachak S, Richards SJ, Slimani T, Osborne-Naikatini T, Abreu-Jardim TPF, Condez TH, De Carvalho TR, Cutajar TP, Pierson TW, Nguyen TQ, Kaya U, Yuan Z, Long B, Langhammer P, Stuart SN. Ongoing declines for the world's amphibians in the face of emerging threats. Nature 2023; 622:308-314. [PMID: 37794184 PMCID: PMC10567568 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Systematic assessments of species extinction risk at regular intervals are necessary for informing conservation action1,2. Ongoing developments in taxonomy, threatening processes and research further underscore the need for reassessment3,4. Here we report the findings of the second Global Amphibian Assessment, evaluating 8,011 species for the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. We find that amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class (40.7% of species are globally threatened). The updated Red List Index shows that the status of amphibians is deteriorating globally, particularly for salamanders and in the Neotropics. Disease and habitat loss drove 91% of status deteriorations between 1980 and 2004. Ongoing and projected climate change effects are now of increasing concern, driving 39% of status deteriorations since 2004, followed by habitat loss (37%). Although signs of species recoveries incentivize immediate conservation action, scaled-up investment is urgently needed to reverse the current trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Luedtke
- Re:wild, Austin, TX, USA.
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Janice Chanson
- Re:wild, Austin, TX, USA
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsey Neam
- Re:wild, Austin, TX, USA
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise Hobin
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alessandro Catenazzi
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Lima, Peru
| | - Amaël Borzée
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Amir Hamidy
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anderson Jean
- Action Pour la Sauvegarde de l'Ecologie en Haïti (ACSEH), Les Cayes, Haiti
- Environmental Protection In the Caribbean (EPIC), Maho, Sint Maarten
| | | | - Ansel Fong G
- Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO), Museo de Historia Natural "Tomás Romay", Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Anslem de Silva
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Sri Lanka, Gampola, Sri Lanka
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ariadne Angulo
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Artem A Kidov
- Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arturo Muñoz Saravia
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia
- Animal Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arvin C Diesmos
- ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- HerpWatch Pilipinas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Atsushi Tominaga
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Biraj Shrestha
- SAVE THE FROGS!, Laguna Beach, CA, USA
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Brian Gratwicke
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Burhan Tjaturadi
- Center for Environmental Studies, Sanata Dharma University (CESSDU), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Carlos C Martínez Rivera
- Pinelands Preservation Alliance, Southampton Township, NJ, USA
- Centro de Conservación de Anfibios, Amaru Bioparque, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Carlos R Vásquez Almazán
- Museo de Historia Natural, Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- FUNDAECO, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Celsa Señaris
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - S R Chandramouli
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Claudio Azat
- Sustainability Research Center & PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Conrad J Hoskin
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Damion L Whyte
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Deanna H Olson
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Diego F Cisneros-Heredia
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego José Santana
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Elizah Nagombi
- The New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Elnaz Najafi-Majd
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Evan S H Quah
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Bolaños
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- CIBET (Museo de Zoología), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Feng Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Frank Glaw
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Fred Kraus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriela Parra-Olea
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Chaves
- CIBET (Museo de Zoología), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Guido F Medina-Rangel
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - H Mauricio Ortega-Andrade
- Biogeography and Spatial Ecology Research Group, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, Tena, Ecuador
- Herpetology Division, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Iberê F Machado
- Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Iuri Ribeiro Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - J Nicolas Urbina-Cardona
- Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jian-Huan Yang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Jianping
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jigme Tshelthrim Wangyal
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- Bhutan Ecological Society, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Jodi J L Rowley
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Karthikeyan Vasudevan
- Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kin Onn Chan
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kotambylu Vasudeva Gururaja
- Srishti Manipal Institute of Art, Design and Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kristiina Ovaska
- Biolinx Environmental Research, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Luis Canseco-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis M Díaz
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba, La Habana, Cuba
| | - M Monirul H Khan
- Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Madhava Meegaskumbura
- Key Laboratory in Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Manuel E Acevedo
- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural "Jorge A. Ibarra", Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Marcelo Felgueiras Napoli
- Instituto de Biologia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Vaira
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA, UNJu-Conicet), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Margarita Lampo
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Miranda, Venezuela
- Fundación para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales (FUDECI), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mario H Yánez-Muñoz
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mark D Scherz
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maxon Fildor
- Action Pour la Sauvegarde de l'Ecologie en Haïti (ACSEH), Les Cayes, Haiti
| | - Mirza D Kusrini
- Faculty of Forestry & Environment, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Rais
- Herpetology Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - N'Goran G Kouamé
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale, UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nieves García
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Nono Legrand Gonwouo
- Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Paul Y Imbun
- Zoology Unit, Research and Education Section, Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Allwetterzoo, Münster, Germany
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Philippe J R Kok
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Rafael L Joglar
- Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Proyecto Coqui, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Renoir J Auguste
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Roberto Ibáñez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, República de Panamá
| | - Rudolf von May
- California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S D Biju
- Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sally Wren
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandeep Das
- Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India
- EDGE of Existence programme, Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | | | - Sara L Ashpole
- Environmental Studies, St Lawrence University, Canton, NY, USA
- , Prescott, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sonali Garg
- Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Somphouthone Phimmachak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Stephen J Richards
- Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tahar Slimani
- Faculty of Sciences Sremlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Tamara Osborne-Naikatini
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Thais H Condez
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Timothy P Cutajar
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Todd W Pierson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Truong Q Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Uğur Kaya
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Penny Langhammer
- Re:wild, Austin, TX, USA
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Simon N Stuart
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland
- A Rocha International, London, UK
- Synchronicity Earth, London, UK
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Mendez Angarita VY, Maiorano L, Dragonetti C, Di Marco M. Implications of exceeding the Paris Agreement for mammalian biodiversity. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Chiara Dragonetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Italy
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Kamaludin R, Othman MHD, Kadir SHSA, Khan J, Ismail AF, Rahman MA, Jaafar J. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic dual-layer hollow fibre membrane ameliorates the changes of bisphenol A exposure in gastrointestinal tract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:259-273. [PMID: 35902521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Various treatments of choice are available to overcome contamination of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment including membrane technologies; however, the treatment still releases contaminants that threaten the human being. Therefore, the present study is conducted to investigate the degradation of BPA by recently developed visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen-doping titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO2) dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane and its efficiency in reducing the level of BPA in contaminated water. Fabricated with suitable polymer/photocatalyst (15/7.5 wt.%) via co-extrusion spinning method, the DLHF was characterized morphologically, evaluated for BPA degradation by using submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor under visible light irradiations followed by the investigation of intermediates formed. BPA exposure effects were accessed by immunohistochemistry staining of gastrointestinal sample obtained from animal model. BPA has been successfully degraded up to 72.5% with 2 intermediate products, B1 and B2, being identified followed by total degradation of BPA. BPA exposure leads to the high-intensity IHC staining of Claudin family which indicated the disruption of small intestinal barrier (SIB) integrity. Low IHC staining intensity of Claudin family in treated BPA group demonstrated that reducing the level of BPA by N-doped TiO2 DLHF is capable of protecting the important component of SIB. Altogether, the fabricated photocatalytic DLHF membrane is expected to have an outstanding potential in removing BPA and its health effect for household water treatment to fulfil the public focus on the safety of their household water and their need to consume clean water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roziana Kamaludin
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000, Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Jesmine Khan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Hospital, 47000, Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mukhlis A Rahman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Conservation status of the world’s carnivorous mammals (order Carnivora). Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe conservation of carnivores (order Carnivora) can lead to the conservation of other species as well as entire ecosystems since they play an important ecosystemic role. However, their predatory behaviour has caused many of these species to experience marked population declines worldwide and they may therefore face greater anthropogenic threats than other animal groups. To examine the conservation status, population trends, distribution patterns, habitats and threats of all extant species belonging to this order (N = 290), we collected data from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List. In addition, we calculated the Red List Index (RLI) to measure the change in extinction risk of species over time. Carnivores are more threatened than mammals in general (26.9% of endangered species vs. 22.7%) and have a significantly higher proportion of species with declining populations (48.3% vs. 31.9%). Eupleridae, Ursidae and Felidae families have the worst conservation status. Between the 1990s and 2000s, most families suffered a considerable decline in their RLI value, the most notable being Felidae. The greatest numbers of threatened carnivore species are found in forest, shrubland and grassland habitats. East and South Asia hold great numbers of carnivore species as well as the highest proportion of threatened and declining species. Hunting and trapping of terrestrial animals, along with habitat loss (caused by deforestation and agricultural expansion), pose the main threats to the Carnivora order. Our findings indicate that, within mammals, the conservation of carnivores should be a priority, and conservation measures directed at this group should be undertaken or increased as a matter of urgency.
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Evans BE, Mortelliti A. Forest disturbance and occupancy patterns of American ermine ( Mustela richardsonii) and long-tailed weasel ( Neogale frenata): results from a large-scale natural experiment in Maine, United States. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Weasels are small mustelid carnivores that play an important role as predators of small mammals in a wide array of ecosystems. However, their response to land use, such as forest harvest for timber products, is seldom the subject of focused research and management projects. Both the American ermine, also known as the short-tailed weasel (Mustela richardsonii), and the long-tailed weasel (Neogale frenata) are native to Maine, United States, where commercial timber harvesting is widespread. The effects of this forest disturbance on weasels are poorly understood, so to contribute toward filling this knowledge gap, we conducted a 4-year, large-scale field study: specifically, our objective was to assess the effects of forest disturbance caused by timber harvest on occupancy patterns of ermines and long-tailed weasels occupancy patterns in Maine. We collected data from 197 survey sites (three camera traps each) over 4 years and analyzed over 7,000 images of weasels using dynamic false-positive occupancy models. We found that American ermines were widely distributed across the state (naïve occupancy at 54% of sites), while long-tailed weasels were rarer (naïve occupancy at 16% of sites). Both species responded positively to forest disturbance, with higher occupancy probabilities as disturbance increased, especially at the larger scales. American ermines were more likely to occupy stands with a higher percentage of conifer trees, while no such relationship was found for long-tailed weasels. We conclude that current forest harvest practices in Maine are not detrimental to weasel populations, but that the two species warrant continued monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn E Evans
- Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Conservation Biology, University of Maine , Orono, Maine , USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Conservation Biology, University of Maine , Orono, Maine , USA
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8
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Lukesova G, Voslarova E, Vecerek V. Mammals at rescue centres in the Czech Republic: Trends in intake and outcome, causes of admission, length of stay and release rate. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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The impacts of human activity on mammals in a community forest near the Dja Biosphere Reserve in Cameroon. ORYX 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605321000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Human activity in African tropical rainforests continues to threaten wild mammals. Many rural communities are dependent on hunting, yet there is a widespread lack of baseline data on ecology and the sustainability of hunting. We investigated the impacts of human activity on mammal species composition and distributions within a community forest surrounding a village in the buffer zone of the Dja Biosphere Reserve in south-east Cameroon. We conducted a camera-trap survey in August–November 2017 and detected 24 mammal species, including Critically Endangered western lowland gorilla Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Endangered central African chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes and Endangered tree pangolin Phataginus tricuspis. We used occupancy analysis to explore relationships between indicators of human activity (distance to a road and the Reserve), habitat quality (distance to the river and tree cover) and the distributions of species. We found that the local distribution of threatened mammals was not apparently limited by human activity, and proximity to the road did not negatively influence occupancy for any species. However, most of the Reserve's large species were not detected, including the African forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis and the largest ungulates, and the occupancy of two species commonly hunted for wild meat was positively correlated with distance from the village, indicating hunting may be unsustainable. Our results show that the community forest provides habitat for threatened species outside the Reserve and in close proximity to people. However, effective conservation management will require continued monitoring and research to determine whether current rates of hunting are sustainable.
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Temporal activity patterns suggesting niche partitioning of sympatric carnivores in Borneo, Malaysia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19819. [PMID: 34615956 PMCID: PMC8494825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To propose proper conservation measures and to elucidate coexistence mechanisms of sympatric carnivore species, we assessed temporal activity patterns of the sympatric carnivore species using 37,379 photos collected for more than 3 years at three study sites in Borneo. We categorized activity patterns of nine carnivore species (one bear, three civets, two felids, one skunk, one mustelid, one linsang) by calculating the photo-capturing proportions at each time period (day, night, twilight). We then evaluated temporal activity overlaps by calculating the overlap coefficients. We identified six nocturnal (three civets, one felid, one skunk, one linsang), two diurnal (one felid, one mustelid), and one cathemeral (bear) species. Temporal activity overlaps were high among the nocturnal species. The two felid species possessing morphological and ecological similarities exhibited clear temporal niche segregation, but the three civet species with similar morphology and ecology did not. Broad dietary breadth may compensate for the high temporal niche overlaps among the nocturnal species. Despite the high species richness of Bornean carnivores, almost half are threatened with extinction. By comparing individual radio-tracking and our data, we propose that a long-term study of at least 2 or 3 years is necessary to understand animals’ temporal activity patterns, especially for sun bears and civets, by camera-trapping and to establish effective protection measures.
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11
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Ruppert KA, Sponarski CC, Davis EO, Masiaine S, Larpei L, Lekalgitele J, Lekupanai R, Lekushan J, Lemirgishan J, Lenaipa D, Lenyakopiro J, Lerapayo S, Lororua M, Stacy-Dawes J, Glikman JA. Use of specialized questioning techniques to detect decline in giraffe meat consumption. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Walls RHL, Dulvy NK. Tracking the rising extinction risk of sharks and rays in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15397. [PMID: 34321530 PMCID: PMC8319307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of biodiversity is increasingly well understood on land, but trajectories of extinction risk remain largely unknown in the ocean. We present regional Red List Indices (RLIs) to track the extinction risk of 119 Northeast Atlantic and 72 Mediterranean shark and ray species primarily threatened by overfishing. We combine two IUCN workshop assessments from 2003/2005 and 2015 with a retrospective backcast assessment for 1980. We incorporate predicted categorisations for Data Deficient species from our previously published research. The percentage of threatened species rose from 1980 to 2015 from 29 to 41% (Northeast Atlantic) and 47 to 65% (Mediterranean Sea). There are as many threatened sharks and rays in Europe as there are threatened birds, but the threat level is nearly six times greater by percentage (41%, n = 56 of 136 vs. 7%, n = 56 of 792). The Northeast Atlantic RLI declined by 8% from 1980 to 2015, while the higher-risk Mediterranean RLI declined by 13%. Larger-bodied, shallow-distributed, slow-growing species and those with range boundaries within the region are more likely to have worsening status in the Northeast Atlantic. Conversely, long-established, severe threat levels obscure any potential relationships between species' traits and the likelihood of worsening IUCN status in the Mediterranean Sea. These regional RLIs provide the first widespread evidence for increasing trends in regional shark and ray extinction risk and underscore that effective fisheries management is necessary to recover the ecosystem function of these predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H L Walls
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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13
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Influence of invasive Prosopis juliflora on the distribution and ecology of native blackbuck in protected areas of Tamil Nadu, India. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Elliott TF, Travouillon KJ, Warburton NM, Danks MA, Vernes K. New Guinean bandicoots: new insights into diet, dentition and digestive tract morphology and a dietary review of all extant non-Australian Peramelemorphia. AUSTRALIAN MAMMALOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/am21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Halbwax M. Addressing the illegal wildlife trade in the European Union as a public health issue to draw decision makers attention. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2020; 251:108798. [PMID: 33071292 PMCID: PMC7550130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The European Union is one of the most important markets for the trafficking of endangered species and a major transit point for illegal wildlife trade. The latter is not only one of the most important anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity loss, it also represents a growing risk for public health. Indeed, wildlife trade exposes humans to a plethora of severe emerging infectious diseases, some of which have contributed to the most dramatic global pandemics humankind has endured. Illegal wildlife trade is often considered as a problem of developing countries but it is first and foremost an international global business with a trade flow from developing to developed countries. The devastating effects of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak should thus be an unassailable argument for European decision makers to change paradigm. Rather than deploying efforts and money to combat novel pathogens, mitigating the risk of spreading emerging infectious diseases should be addressed and be part of any sustainable socioeconomic development plan. Stricter control procedures at borders and policies should be enforced. Additionally, strengthening research in wildlife forensic science and developing a network of forensic laboratories should be the cornerstone of the European Union plan to tackle the illegal wildlife trade. Such proactive approach, that should further figure in the EU-Wildlife Action Plan, could produce a win-win situation: the curb of illegal wildlife trade would subsequently diminish the likelihood of importing new zoonotic diseases in the European Union.
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de Matos Dias D, Ferreguetti ÁC, Rodrigues FHG. Using an occupancy approach to identify poaching hotspots in protected areas in a seasonally dry tropical forest. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2020; 251:108796. [PMID: 33041345 PMCID: PMC7536534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Poaching activity has been described in the literature as harmful due to impacts on biodiversity, especially in protected areas. Although the main reason for this activity is subsistence, in many regions motivation goes beyond the limits of food necessity. We applied single-species, single season occupancy models to evaluate the spatial distribution of poachers and identify potential poaching hotspots in a mosaic of protected areas in the Caatinga domain, northeastern Brazil. We used camera-traps over a period of 200 days at 60 sites randomly selected. We used distances from human settlements, roads and the nearest water holes, frequency of game species and sampling effort as covariables that could influence poachers' occupancy and detectability and to identify potential poaching areas. Occupancy poachers were higher in sites with higher frequency of game species. Frequency of game species and distance from roads had a negative effect on the detectability of poachers. Spatial analysis indicated three critical poaching areas within and around the Boqueirão da Onça National Park, associated with roads and some isolated cattle and goat farms. In this study, we provided an assessment of poaching spatial patterns in relation to different landscape elements and biotic influences, indicating critical areas where enforcement efforts should be focused. Hotspots are clearly concentrated within and on the edge of National Park. The approach presented here to identify poaching hotspots is effective and economical, and therefore may be applied in other protected and non-protected areas throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas de Matos Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP: 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Átilla Colombo Ferreguetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n° 524, PHLC, sala 220. Maracanã, CEP: 20550-019 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 3127-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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17
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Oberosler V, Tenan S, Zipkin EF, Rovero F. When parks work: Effect of anthropogenic disturbance on occupancy of tropical forest mammals. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3881-3894. [PMID: 32489618 PMCID: PMC7244893 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) in the tropics are vulnerable to human encroachment, and, despite formal protection, they do not fully mitigate anthropogenic threats to habitats and biodiversity. However, attempts to quantify the effectiveness of PAs and to understand the status and changes of wildlife populations in relation to protection efficiency remain limited. Here, we used camera-trapping data collected over 8 consecutive years (2009-2016) to investigate the yearly occurrences of medium-to-large mammals within the Udzungwa Mountains National Park (Tanzania), an area of outstanding importance for biological endemism and conservation. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of habitat and proxies of human disturbance, namely illegal hunting with snares and firewood collection (a practice that was banned in 2011 in the park), on species' occurrence probabilities. Our results showed variability in species' responses to disturbance: The only species that showed a negative effect of the number of snares found on occurrence probability was the Harvey's duiker, a relatively widespread forest antelope. Similarly, we found a moderate positive effect of the firewood collection ban on only the suni, another common antelope, and a negative effect on a large opportunistic rodent, the giant-pouched rat. Importantly, we found evidence of temporal stability in occurrence probability for all species over the 8-year study period. Our findings suggest that well-managed PAs can sustain mammal populations in tropical forests. However, variability among species in their responses to anthropogenic disturbance necessitates consideration in the design of conservation action plans for multiple taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oberosler
- Tropical Biodiversity SectionMUSE – Museo delle ScienzeTrentoItaly
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Simone Tenan
- Vertebrate Zoology SectionMUSE – Museo delle ScienzeTrentoItaly
| | - Elise F. Zipkin
- Department of Integrative Biology and EcologyEvolutionary Biology and Behavior ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Tropical Biodiversity SectionMUSE – Museo delle ScienzeTrentoItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoItaly
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18
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Henriques S, Böhm M, Collen B, Luedtke J, Hoffmann M, Hilton‐Taylor C, Cardoso P, Butchart SHM, Freeman R. Accelerating the monitoring of global biodiversity: Revisiting the sampled approach to generating Red List Indices. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Henriques
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College London London UK
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College London London UK
| | | | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy ProgrammesZoological Society of London London UK
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Stuart H. M. Butchart
- BirdLife InternationalDavid Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London Regent's Park London UK
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19
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Enquist BJ, Abraham AJ, Harfoot MBJ, Malhi Y, Doughty CE. The megabiota are disproportionately important for biosphere functioning. Nat Commun 2020; 11:699. [PMID: 32019918 PMCID: PMC7000713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent signal of the Anthropocene is the extinction and population reduction of the megabiota—the largest animals and plants on the planet. However, we lack a predictive framework for the sensitivity of megabiota during times of rapid global change and how they impact the functioning of ecosystems and the biosphere. Here, we extend metabolic scaling theory and use global simulation models to demonstrate that (i) megabiota are more prone to extinction due to human land use, hunting, and climate change; (ii) loss of megabiota has a negative impact on ecosystem metabolism and functioning; and (iii) their reduction has and will continue to significantly decrease biosphere functioning. Global simulations show that continued loss of large animals alone could lead to a 44%, 18% and 92% reduction in terrestrial heterotrophic biomass, metabolism, and fertility respectively. Our findings suggest that policies that emphasize the promotion of large trees and animals will have disproportionate impact on biodiversity, ecosystem processes, and climate mitigation. Human-driven losses of megafauna and megaflora may have disproportionate ecological consequences. Here, the authors combine metabolic scaling theory and global simulation models to show that past and continued reduction of megabiota have and will continue to decrease ecosystem and biosphere functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Arizona, AZ 85721, USA. .,The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
| | - Andrew J Abraham
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Michael B J Harfoot
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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20
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Roshier DA, Hotellier FL, Carter A, Kemp L, Potts J, Hayward MW, Legge SM. Long-term benefits and short-term costs: small vertebrate responses to predator exclusion and native mammal reintroductions in south-western New South Wales, Australia. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/wr19153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextThe success of conservation fences at protecting reintroduced populations of threatened mammals from introduced predators has prompted an increase in the number and extent of fenced exclosures. Excluding introduced species from within conservation fences could also benefit components of insitu faunal assemblages that are prey for introduced predators, such as reptiles and small mammals. Conversely, reintroduced mammals may compete with smaller mammals and reptiles for resources, or even prey on them.
AimsIn a 10-year study from 2008, we examine how small terrestrial vertebrates respond to the exclusion of introduced predators, the feral cat (Felis catus) and red fox (Vulpes Vulpes), introduced herbivores and the reintroduction of regionally extinct mammal species.
MethodsDifferences in the yearly relative abundance of reptiles and mammals according to habitat type and whether sites were fenced or not, were tested using multivariate generalised linear models. Next, we calculated univariate P-values to identify individual species that showed significant relationships, positive and negative, with any of the explanatory variables.
Key resultsTotal captures of reptiles were lower inside the conservation fence in all years, whereas total captures of small mammals were markedly higher inside the fenced area, notably in dasyurids.
ConclusionOur results showed that conservation fences can deliver benefits for some fauna (but not all) beyond facilitating the reintroduction of highly threatened mammals.
ImplicationsOur results demonstrated the consequential impacts of introduced predators on the Australian small mammal fauna, and showed that predator-exclusion fences can be an effective conservation intervention for this guild.
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Berris KK, Cooper SJB, Breed WG, Berris JR, Carthew SM. A comparative study of survival, recruitment and population growth in two translocated populations of the threatened greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis). WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/wr19194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context Translocations have been widely used to re-establish populations of threatened Australian mammalian species. However, they are limited by the availability of sites where key threats can be effectively minimised or eliminated. Outside of ‘safe havens’, threats such as exotic predators, introduced herbivores and habitat degradation are often unable to be completely eliminated. Understanding how different threats affect Australian mammal populations can assist in prioritising threat-management actions outside of safe havens.
AimsWe sought to determine whether translocations of the greater bilby to two sites in the temperate zone of South Australia could be successful when human-induced threats, such as prior habitat clearance, historic grazing, the presence of feral cats and European rabbits, could not be completely eliminated.
Methods Greater bilbies were regularly cage trapped at two translocation sites and a capture–mark–recapture study was used to determine survival, recruitment and population growth at both sites.
Key results Our study showed that bilbies were successfully translocated to an offshore island with a previous history of grazing and habitat clearance, but which was free of exotic predators. At a second site, a mainland exclosure with feral cats and European rabbits present, the bilby population declined over time. Adult bilbies had similar survival rates in both populations; however, the mainland bilby population had low recruitment rates and low numbers of subadults despite high adult female fecundity.
ConclusionsThe results indicated that past grazing and habitat clearance did not prevent the bilby population on the offshore island establishing and reaching a high population density. In the mainland exclosure, the low recruitment is probably due to feral cats predating on subadult bilbies following pouch emergence.
Implications The results demonstrated that the bilby, an ecologically flexible Australian marsupial, can be successfully translocated to sites with a history of habitat degradation if exotic predators are absent. At the mainland exclosure site, threat mitigation for bilbies should focus on control or eradication of the feral cats. The control of European rabbits without control of feral cats could lead to prey-switching by feral cats, further increasing predation pressure on the small bilby population.
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Simmonds JS, Reside AE, Stone Z, Walsh JC, Ward MS, Maron M. Vulnerable species and ecosystems are falling through the cracks of environmental impact assessments. Conserv Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Simmonds
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| | - April E. Reside
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| | - Zoe Stone
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| | - Jessica C. Walsh
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Australia
| | - Michelle S. Ward
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
| | - Martine Maron
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia
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Petracca LS, Funston PJ, Henschel P, Cohen JB, Maclennan S, Frair JL. Modeling community occupancy from line transect data: a case study with large mammals in post‐war Angola. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Petracca
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
- Panthera New York NY USA
| | | | | | - J. B. Cohen
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | | | - J. L. Frair
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
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McCain CM. Assessing the risks to United States and Canadian mammals caused by climate change using a trait-mediated model. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A set of 182 populations of 76 mammal species in the United States and Canada, examined in natural conditions with minimized disturbances or management effects, shows that responses to climate change include negative responses, such as elevational range contractions, upward shifts and decreases in abundance, positive responses, such as range expansions, and no detectable responses. Responses vary among and within mammal species but many are correlated with species traits, particularly the responses linked to high extinction risks (= climate change risk: decreases in population sizes, range contractions, local extirpations). The traits showing the strongest links to differential responses to climate change are 1) body size—large mammals respond more often and most negatively to climate change, 2) activity times—few mammals with flexible active times respond to climate change, and 3) spatial distribution—high-latitude and high-elevation mammals responded more often to climate change. Using these traits and two approaches to trait weighting, I modeled the relative climate change risk for all 328 terrestrial, nonvolant mammal species in the United States and Canada across 10 levels of risk (low = 1–2, moderate = 3–4, moderate-high = 5–6, high = 7–8, very high = 9–10). The models predicted that 15% of these mammalian species are in the high- and very high-risk categories, including species from most orders. Many mammal populations and species listed as of conservation concern due to other human impacts by national or international agencies are also predicted by my models to be in the higher categories of climate change risk. My intention for these models is to clarify for managers and researchers which, where, and how mammals are responding to climate change relatively independent of other anthropogenic stressors (e.g., large-scale habitat change, overhunting) and to provide a preliminary assessment of species most in need of careful monitoring for climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M McCain
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and CU Museum of Natural History, 265 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Hayward MW, Callen A, Allen BL, Ballard G, Broekhuis F, Bugir C, Clarke RH, Clulow J, Clulow S, Daltry JC, Davies-Mostert HT, Fleming PJS, Griffin AS, Howell LG, Kerley GIH, Klop-Toker K, Legge S, Major T, Meyer N, Montgomery RA, Moseby K, Parker DM, Périquet S, Read J, Scanlon RJ, Seeto R, Shuttleworth C, Somers MJ, Tamessar CT, Tuft K, Upton R, Valenzuela-Molina M, Wayne A, Witt RR, Wüster W. Deconstructing compassionate conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:760-768. [PMID: 31206825 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compassionate conservation focuses on 4 tenets: first, do no harm; individuals matter; inclusivity of individual animals; and peaceful coexistence between humans and animals. Recently, compassionate conservation has been promoted as an alternative to conventional conservation philosophy. We believe examples presented by compassionate conservationists are deliberately or arbitrarily chosen to focus on mammals; inherently not compassionate; and offer ineffective conservation solutions. Compassionate conservation arbitrarily focuses on charismatic species, notably large predators and megaherbivores. The philosophy is not compassionate when it leaves invasive predators in the environment to cause harm to vastly more individuals of native species or uses the fear of harm by apex predators to terrorize mesopredators. Hindering the control of exotic species (megafauna, predators) in situ will not improve the conservation condition of the majority of biodiversity. The positions taken by so-called compassionate conservationists on particular species and on conservation actions could be extended to hinder other forms of conservation, including translocations, conservation fencing, and fertility control. Animal welfare is incredibly important to conservation, but ironically compassionate conservation does not offer the best welfare outcomes to animals and is often ineffective in achieving conservation goals. Consequently, compassionate conservation may threaten public and governmental support for conservation because of the limited understanding of conservation problems by the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt W Hayward
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, 6019, South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alex Callen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Guy Ballard
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Northern Ring Road, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Government, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Femke Broekhuis
- WildCRU, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abington Road, Oxford, OX135QL, U.K
| | - Cassandra Bugir
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Rohan H Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - John Clulow
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Simon Clulow
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balclava Road, Sydney, NSWs, 2019, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Daltry
- Fauna & Flora International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB23QZ, U.K
| | - Harriet T Davies-Mostert
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
- Endangered Wildlife Trust, Pinelands Office Park, Building K2, Ardeer Road, Modderfontein 1609, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter J S Fleming
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Northern Ring Road, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Government, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Andrea S Griffin
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Lachlan G Howell
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Graham I H Kerley
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, 6019, South Africa
| | - Kaya Klop-Toker
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Sarah Legge
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation Science, University of Queensland, University Drive, Saint Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Tom Major
- College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, College Road, Gwynedd, LL572DG, U.K
| | - Ninon Meyer
- Fondation Yaguara Panama, Ciudad del Saber, calle Luis Bonilla, Panama City, 0843-03081, Panama
| | - Robert A Montgomery
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 220 Trowbridge Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - Katherine Moseby
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, ANZAC Parade, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Arid Recovery, Roxby Downs, SA, 5725, Australia
| | - Daniel M Parker
- Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Drosty Road, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, D725 Roads, Mbombela, 1200, South Africa
| | | | - John Read
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Robert J Scanlon
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Rebecca Seeto
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Craig Shuttleworth
- College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, College Road, Gwynedd, LL572DG, U.K
| | - Michael J Somers
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cottrell T Tamessar
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Rose Upton
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Marcia Valenzuela-Molina
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Adrian Wayne
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Brain Street, Manjimup, WA, 6258, Australia
| | - Ryan R Witt
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Wüster
- College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, College Road, Gwynedd, LL572DG, U.K
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26
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Lyons SK, Smith FA, Ernest SKM. Macroecological patterns of mammals across taxonomic, spatial, and temporal scales. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Kathleen Lyons
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lincoln, NE
| | - Felisa A Smith
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Albuquerque, NM
| | - S K Morgan Ernest
- University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Gainesville, FL
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27
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Bowyer RT, Boyce MS, Goheen JR, Rachlow JL. Conservation of the world’s mammals: status, protected areas, community efforts, and hunting. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Terry Bowyer
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Mark S Boyce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacob R Goheen
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Janet L Rachlow
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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28
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Legge S, Smith JG, James A, Tuft KD, Webb T, Woinarski JCZ. Interactions among threats affect conservation management outcomes: Livestock grazing removes the benefits of fire management for small mammals in Australian tropical savannas. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Legge
- Australian Wildlife ConservancyMornington Sanctuary Derby Western Australia Australia
- Fenner School of Environment & SocietyThe Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceUniversity of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Research Institute of Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin University Casuarina Northwest Territories Australia
| | - James G. Smith
- Australian Wildlife ConservancyMornington Sanctuary Derby Western Australia Australia
| | - Alex James
- Australian Wildlife ConservancyMornington Sanctuary Derby Western Australia Australia
| | - Katherine D. Tuft
- Australian Wildlife ConservancyMornington Sanctuary Derby Western Australia Australia
- Arid Recovery Roxby Downs South Australia Australia
| | - Terry Webb
- Australian Wildlife ConservancyMornington Sanctuary Derby Western Australia Australia
| | - John C. Z. Woinarski
- Research Institute of Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin University Casuarina Northwest Territories Australia
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29
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Suarez E, Zapata‐Ríos G. Managing subsistence hunting in the changing landscape of Neotropical rain forests. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Suarez
- Instituto BiósferaColegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador
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30
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Abstract
AbstractThe mammal family Tenrecidae (Afrotheria: Afrosoricida) is endemic to Madagascar. Here we present the conservation priorities for the 31 species of tenrec that were assessed or reassessed in 2015–2016 for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Six species (19.4%) were found to be threatened (4 Vulnerable, 2 Endangered) and one species was categorized as Data Deficient. The primary threat to tenrecs is habitat loss, mostly as a result of slash-and-burn agriculture, but some species are also threatened by hunting and incidental capture in fishing traps. In the longer term, climate change is expected to alter tenrec habitats and ranges. However, the lack of data for most tenrecs on population size, ecology and distribution, together with frequent changes in taxonomy (with many cryptic species being discovered based on genetic analyses) and the poorly understood impact of bushmeat hunting on spiny species (Tenrecinae), hinders conservation planning. Priority conservation actions are presented for Madagascar's tenrecs for the first time since 1990 and focus on conserving forest habitat (especially through improved management of protected areas) and filling essential knowledge gaps. Tenrec research, monitoring and conservation should be integrated into broader sustainable development objectives and programmes targeting higher profile species, such as lemurs, if we are to see an improvement in the conservation status of tenrecs in the near future.
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31
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Frick WF, Kingston T, Flanders J. A review of the major threats and challenges to global bat conservation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1469:5-25. [PMID: 30937915 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bats are an ecologically and taxonomically diverse group accounting for roughly a fifth of mammalian diversity worldwide. Many of the threats bats face (e.g., habitat loss, bushmeat hunting, and climate change) reflect the conservation challenges of our era. However, compared to other mammals and birds, we know significantly less about the population status of most bat species, which makes prioritizing and planning conservation actions challenging. Over a third of bat species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are considered threatened or data deficient, and well over half of the species have unknown or decreasing population trends. That equals 988 species, or 80% of bats assessed by IUCN, needing conservation or research attention. Delivering conservation to bat species will require sustained efforts to assess population status and trends and address data deficiencies. Successful bat conservation must integrate research and conservation to identify stressors and their solutions and to test the efficacy of actions to stabilize or increase populations. Global and regional networks that connect researchers, conservation practitioners, and local stakeholders to share knowledge, build capacity, and prioritize and coordinate research and conservation efforts, are vital to ensuring sustainable bat populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred F Frick
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, Texas.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Jon Flanders
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, Texas.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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32
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Simmons BI, Balmford A, Bladon AJ, Christie AP, De Palma A, Dicks LV, Gallego‐Zamorano J, Johnston A, Martin PA, Purvis A, Rocha R, Wauchope HS, Wordley CFR, Worthington TA, Finch T. Worldwide insect declines: An important message, but interpret with caution. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3678-3680. [PMID: 31015957 PMCID: PMC6467851 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent paper claiming evidence of global insect declines achieved huge media attention, including claims of "insectaggedon" and a "collapse of nature." Here, we argue that while many insects are declining in many places around the world, the study has important limitations that should be highlighted. We emphasise the robust evidence of large and rapid insect declines present in the literature, while also highlighting the limitations of the original study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno I. Simmons
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew J. Bladon
- Department of Zoology, Insect Ecology GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alec P. Christie
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Lynn V. Dicks
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Juan Gallego‐Zamorano
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alison Johnston
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
| | - Philip A. Martin
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Hannah S. Wauchope
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Claire F. R. Wordley
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Tom Finch
- Department of Zoology, Conservation Science GroupUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceThe Royal Society for the Protection of BirdsSandyUK
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33
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Dias DDM, Lima Massara R, de Campos CB, Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues F. Human activities influence the occupancy probability of mammalian carnivores in the Brazilian Caatinga. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas de Matos Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia; Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lima Massara
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Instituto SerraDiCal de Pesquisa e Conservação; Rua José Hemetério de Andrade; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Claudia Bueno de Campos
- Instituto para a Conservação dos Carnívoros Neotropicais - Pró-Carnívoros; Atibaia, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Guimarães Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia; Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre; Departamento de Biologia Geral; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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34
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Soultan A, Wikelski M, Safi K. Risk of biodiversity collapse under climate change in the Afro-Arabian region. Sci Rep 2019; 9:955. [PMID: 30700855 PMCID: PMC6353965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For 107 endemic mammal species in the Afro-Arabian region, Sahara-Sahel and Arabian Desert, we used ensemble species distribution models to: (1) identify the hotspot areas for conservation, (2) assess the potential impact of the projected climate change on the distribution of the focal species, and (3) assign IUCN threat categories for the focal species according to the predicted changes in their potential distribution range. We identified two main hotspot areas for endemic mammals: the Sinai and its surrounding coastal area in the East, and the Mediterranean Coast around Morocco in the West. Alarmingly, our results indicate that about 17% of the endemic mammals in the Afro-Arabian region under the current climate change scenarios could go extinct before 2050. Overall, a substantial number of the endemic species will change from the IUCN threat category “Least Concern” to “Critically Endangered” or “Extinct” in the coming decades. Accordingly, we call for implementing an urgent proactive conservation action for these endemic species, particularly those that face a high risk of extinction in the next few years. The results of our study provide conservation managers and practitioners with the required information for implementing an effective conservation plan to protect the biodiversity of the Afro-Arabian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Soultan
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany. .,University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kamran Safi
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
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35
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Castillo DF, Luengos Vidal EM, Caruso NC, Manfredi C, Lucherini M, Casanave EB. Spatial organization and habitat selection of Geoffroy’s cat in the Espinal of central Argentina. Mamm Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Seppälä S, Henriques S, Draney ML, Foord S, Gibbons AT, Gomez LA, Kariko S, Malumbres-Olarte J, Milne M, Vink CJ, Cardoso P. Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders IV: Scytodidae to Zoropsidae. Biodivers Data J 2018:e30842. [PMID: 30588164 PMCID: PMC6303285 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the final in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world. New information A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The selected species were classified taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 50 species belonging to the families alphabetically arranged between Scytodidae and Zoropsidae, which encompassed Scytodidae, Selenopidae, Sicariidae, Sparassidae, Tetrablemmidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Thomisidae, Trochanteriidae, Zodariidae and Zoropsidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Seppälä
- LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Sérgio Henriques
- University College London, London, United Kingdom University College London London United Kingdom.,LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Michael L Draney
- University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, United States of America University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Green Bay United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Stefan Foord
- University of Venda, Thohyandou, South Africa University of Venda Thohyandou South Africa.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Alastair T Gibbons
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Luz A Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Sarah Kariko
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of America Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University Cambridge United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of the Azores Angra do Heroísmo Portugal.,LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marc Milne
- University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States of America University of Indianapolis Indianapolis United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Cor J Vink
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand Canterbury Museum Christchurch New Zealand.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
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37
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Conservation of grasslands and savannas: A meta-analysis on mammalian responses to anthropogenic disturbance. J Nat Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Seppälä S, Henriques S, Draney ML, Foord S, Gibbons AT, Gomez LA, Kariko S, Malumbres-Olarte J, Milne M, Vink CJ, Cardoso P. Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders III: Oecobiidae to Salticidae. Biodivers Data J 2018; 6:e27004. [PMID: 30393455 PMCID: PMC6086925 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e27004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the third in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world. NEW INFORMATION A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognized species names for the group. The 200 selected species where divided taxonomically at the family level, and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 58 species belonging to the famillies alphabetically arranged between Oecobiidae and Salticidae, which encompassed Oecobiidae, Oonopidae, Orsolobidae, Oxyopidae, Palpimanidae, Philodromidae, Pholcidae, Pisauridae, Prodidomidae and Salticidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Seppälä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Museum of Natural History, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sérgio Henriques
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- University College London, London, United KingdomUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael L Draney
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, United States of AmericaUniversity of Wisconsin-Green BayGreen BayUnited States of America
| | - Stefan Foord
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- University of Venda, Venda, South AfricaUniversity of VendaVendaSouth Africa
| | - Alastair T Gibbons
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United KingdomUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Luz A Gomez
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia
| | - Sarah Kariko
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of AmericaMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States of America
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marc Milne
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States of AmericaUniversity of IndianapolisIndianapolisUnited States of America
| | - Cor J Vink
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New ZealandCanterbury MuseumChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Museum of Natural History, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, FinlandIUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist GroupHelsinkiFinland
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McDonald PJ, Brim-Box J, Nano CEM, Macdonald DW, Dickman CR. Diet of dingoes and cats in central Australia: does trophic competition underpin a rare mammal refuge? J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J McDonald
- Flora and Fauna Division, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jayne Brim-Box
- Flora and Fauna Division, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Catherine E M Nano
- Flora and Fauna Division, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - David W Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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40
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Seppälä S, Henriques S, Draney ML, Foord S, Gibbons AT, Gomez LA, Kariko S, Malumbres-Olarte J, Milne M, Vink CJ, Cardoso P. Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders II: Gnaphosidae to Nemesiidae. Biodivers Data J 2018:e26203. [PMID: 30065606 PMCID: PMC6065607 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e26203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the second in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world. New information A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The 200 selected species where divided taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 45 species belonging to the families alphabetically arranged between Gnaphosidae and Nemesiidae, which encompassed Gnaphosidae, Idiopidae, Linyphiidae, Liocranidae, Lycosidae, Micropholcommatidae, Mysmenidae and Nemesiidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Seppälä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sérgio Henriques
- University College London, London, United Kingdom.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael L Draney
- University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Foord
- University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alastair T Gibbons
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luz A Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Kariko
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Milne
- University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cor J Vink
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
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41
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McGowan PJ, Mair L, Symes A, Westrip JR, Wheatley H, Brook S, Burton J, King S, McShea WJ, Moehlman PD, Smith AT, Wheeler JC, Butchart SH. Tracking trends in the extinction risk of wild relatives of domesticated species to assess progress against global biodiversity targets. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J.K. McGowan
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Louise Mair
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Andrew Symes
- BirdLife International; David Attenborough Building; Cambridge UK
| | | | - Hannah Wheatley
- BirdLife International; David Attenborough Building; Cambridge UK
| | - Sarah Brook
- IUCN/SSC Deer Specialist Group; c/o Wildlife Conservation Society; Phenom Penh Cambodia
| | - James Burton
- IUCN/SSC Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group; c/o Chester Zoo; Chester UK
| | - Sarah King
- IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Warner College of Natural Resources; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - William J. McShea
- IUCN/SSC Deer Specialist Group, c/o Conservation Ecology Center; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal Virginia
| | - Patricia D. Moehlman
- IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group; EcoHealth Alliance; New York New York
- Consortium for Environmental Research and Conservation; Columbia University; New York New York
| | - Andrew T. Smith
- IUCN/SSC Lagomorph Specialist Group, c/o School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| | - Jane C. Wheeler
- IUCN/SSC South American Camelid Specialist Group; c/o CONOPA-Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos; Salamanca Lima Peru
| | - Stuart H.M. Butchart
- BirdLife International; David Attenborough Building; Cambridge UK
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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42
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Gariano P, Balestrieri A. ‘Otter, come out!’: taking away the stone on the southernmost Italian Lutra lutra population. ECOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2018.1482699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Gariano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- ProGen Soc. Coop. p.a., Gioiosa Ionica, Italy
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43
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Seppälä S, Henriques S, Draney ML, Foord S, Gibbons AT, Gomez LA, Kariko S, Malumbres-Olarte J, Milne M, Vink CJ, Cardoso P. Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders I: Agelenidae to Filistatidae. Biodivers Data J 2018; 6:e23555. [PMID: 29725239 PMCID: PMC5932090 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e23555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). With the current contribution and the three following papers, we intend to create the first point in time of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world. NEW INFORMATION A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The 200 selected species where divided taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 46 species belonging to the famillies alphabetically arranged between Agelenidae and Filistatidae, which encompassed Agelenidae, Amaurobiidae, Anyphaenidae, Araneidae, Archaeidae, Barychelidae, Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Ctenidae, Ctenizidae, Cyatholipidae, Dictynidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae and Filistatidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Seppälä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sérgio Henriques
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Draney
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, United States of America
| | - Stefan Foord
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Alastair T Gibbons
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luz A Gomez
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sarah Kariko
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Milne
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Cor J Vink
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland
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44
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Farashi A, Shariati M, Hosseini M. Identifying biodiversity hotspots for threatened mammal species in Iran. Mamm Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Derhé MA, Murphy HT, Preece ND, Lawes MJ, Menéndez R. Recovery of mammal diversity in tropical forests: a functional approach to measuring restoration. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia A. Derhé
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ U.K
- Tropical Forest Research Centre; CSIRO; PO Box 780, Atherton Queensland 4883 Australia
- Present address: Karisoke Research Centre, The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International; NR 4 RD 58, B.P. 105, Ruhengeri/Musanze Rwanda
| | - Helen T. Murphy
- Tropical Forest Research Centre; CSIRO; PO Box 780, Atherton Queensland 4883 Australia
| | - Noel D. Preece
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science; College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
- Biome5 Pty Ltd.; PO Box 1200, Atherton Queensland 4883 Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Darwin Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - Michael J. Lawes
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Darwin Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - Rosa Menéndez
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ U.K
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48
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Turvey ST, Kennerley RJ, Nuñez-Miño JM, Young RP. The Last Survivors: current status and conservation of the non-volant land mammals of the insular Caribbean. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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49
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Global forest loss disproportionately erodes biodiversity in intact landscapes. Nature 2017; 547:441-444. [PMID: 28723892 DOI: 10.1038/nature23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Global biodiversity loss is a critical environmental crisis, yet the lack of spatial data on biodiversity threats has hindered conservation strategies. Theory predicts that abrupt biodiversity declines are most likely to occur when habitat availability is reduced to very low levels in the landscape (10-30%). Alternatively, recent evidence indicates that biodiversity is best conserved by minimizing human intrusion into intact and relatively unfragmented landscapes. Here we use recently available forest loss data to test deforestation effects on International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List categories of extinction risk for 19,432 vertebrate species worldwide. As expected, deforestation substantially increased the odds of a species being listed as threatened, undergoing recent upgrading to a higher threat category and exhibiting declining populations. More importantly, we show that these risks were disproportionately high in relatively intact landscapes; even minimal deforestation has had severe consequences for vertebrate biodiversity. We found little support for the alternative hypothesis that forest loss is most detrimental in already fragmented landscapes. Spatial analysis revealed high-risk hot spots in Borneo, the central Amazon and the Congo Basin. In these regions, our model predicts that 121-219 species will become threatened under current rates of forest loss over the next 30 years. Given that only 17.9% of these high-risk areas are formally protected and only 8.9% have strict protection, new large-scale conservation efforts to protect intact forests are necessary to slow deforestation rates and to avert a new wave of global extinctions.
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50
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Canopy structure drives orangutan habitat selection in disturbed Bornean forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8307-8312. [PMID: 28720703 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706780114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conservation of charismatic and functionally important large species is becoming increasingly difficult. Anthropogenic pressures continue to squeeze available habitat and force animals into degraded and disturbed areas. Ensuring the long-term survival of these species requires a well-developed understanding of how animals use these new landscapes to inform conservation and habitat restoration efforts. We combined 3 y of highly detailed visual observations of Bornean orangutans with high-resolution airborne remote sensing (Light Detection and Ranging) to understand orangutan movement in disturbed and fragmented forests of Malaysian Borneo. Structural attributes of the upper forest canopy were the dominant determinant of orangutan movement among all age and sex classes, with orangutans more likely to move in directions of increased canopy closure, tall trees, and uniform height, as well as avoiding canopy gaps and moving toward emergent crowns. In contrast, canopy vertical complexity (canopy layering and shape) did not affect movement. Our results suggest that although orangutans do make use of disturbed forest, they select certain canopy attributes within these forests, indicating that not all disturbed or degraded forest is of equal value for the long-term sustainability of orangutan populations. Although the value of disturbed habitats needs to be recognized in conservation plans for wide-ranging, large-bodied species, minimal ecological requirements within these habitats also need to be understood and considered if long-term population viability is to be realized.
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