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Quintero Barbosa JS, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Pérez SE, Gutierrez MF. Humoral Immune Response of Mice against a Vaccine Candidate Composed of a Chimera of gB of Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1173. [PMID: 37514988 PMCID: PMC10386439 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine meningoencephalitis are caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus (BoHV) types 1 and 5, which seriously threaten the global cattle industry. Vaccination to improve immunity is the most direct and effective means to prevent these conditions. Glycoprotein B (gB) is essential for the attachment of both viruses to permissive cells, and is a major target of the host immune system, inducing a strong humoral response. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a murine model, the immune response of a candidate vaccine formulation composed of a chimeric BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 gB (DgB), expressed in Komagataella phaffii. The chimeric DgB vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide 50 ISA V2 or aluminum hydroxide was administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. A control group and a group that received a commercial vaccine were inoculated subcutaneously. Higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1, BoHV-5, and a natural BoHV-1/5 recombinant strain were obtained with the oil-based candidate vaccine formulation administered intramuscularly. The results demonstrated that the chimeric DgB conserved important epitopes that were able to stimulate a humoral immune response capable of neutralizing BoHV-1, BoHV-5, and the recombinant strain, suggesting that the vaccine antigen is a promising candidate to be further evaluated in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Quintero Barbosa
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Group, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Sandra E Pérez
- Tandil Veterinary Research Center (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Tandil B7000GHG, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Gutierrez
- Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Group, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
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2
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Immune responses of mice against recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 glycoprotein D. Vaccine 2014; 32:2413-9. [PMID: 24657716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein D (gD) is essential for attachment and penetration of Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) into permissive cells, and is a major target of the host immune system, inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate in mice the immunogenicity of recombinant BoHV-5 gD (rgD5) expressed in Pichia pastoris. Vaccines formulated with rgD5 alone or adjuvanted with Montanide 50 ISA V2; Emulsigen or Emulsigen-DDA was administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Almost all formulations stimulated a humoral immune response after the first inoculation. The only exception was observed when the rgD5 was administered subcutaneously without adjuvant, in this case, the antibodies were observed after three doses. Higher titers of neutralizing antibodies were obtained with the three oil-based adjuvant formulations when compared to non-adjuvanted vaccine formulations. The rgD5 vaccine stimulated high mRNA expression levels of Th1 (INF-γ) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, GM-CSF). The results demonstrated that the recombinant gD from BoHV-5 conserved important epitopes for viral neutralization from native BoHV-5 gD and was able to elicit mixed Th1/Th2 immune response in mice.
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3
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van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Cell-mediated immune responses induced by BHV-1: rational vaccine design. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 6:369-80. [PMID: 17542752 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.6.3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Although antibodies have been correlated with protection and recovery from BHV-1 infection, the cell-mediated immune response is also a critical defense mechanism because cell-to-cell spread occurs before hematogenous spread. Furthermore, induction of robust T-cell memory is critical for the long-term duration of immunity. Among current commercial vaccines, the attenuated conventional vaccines induce a balanced immune response and long-term memory but may result in viral shedding. By contrast, inactivated vaccines primarily elicit a humoral immune response and relative short-term memory. These vaccines do not allow differentiation of vaccinated from infected cattle. Recent efforts are focusing on the development of vaccines that induce a balanced immune response and long-term memory, as well as having differentiation markers. This includes well-defined genetically engineered gene-deleted, subunit and vectored vaccines.
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Liu FY, Guo RM, Zheng L, Lu YM, You H, Shuxia S, Wang JX, Sun SH. Safety evaluation of a canine hepatitis DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2008; 26:6925-8. [PMID: 18951942 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines are a novel disease prevention methodology, however their safety has not been well described. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the DNA vaccine pVAX1-CpG-Loop against infectious canine hepatitis. We demonstrated that pVAX1-CpG-Loop could not be recovered from tissues of vaccinated mice nor from F1 progeny and following vaccination there were no apparent changes in hematologic markers compared to unvaccinated controls. Most important, vaccinated mice were protected from viral challenge. The only detectable effects of the vaccination were elevated AST levels 4 weeks post vaccination and liver lymphocyte infiltration and hydropic degeneration which normalized 6 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Ying Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
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5
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Letellier C, Boxus M, Rosar L, Toussaint JF, Walravens K, Roels S, Meyer G, Letesson JJ, Kerkhofs P. Vaccination of calves using the BRSV nucleocapsid protein in a DNA prime-protein boost strategy stimulates cell-mediated immunity and protects the lungs against BRSV replication and pathology. Vaccine 2008; 26:4840-8. [PMID: 18644416 PMCID: PMC7115630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in both cattle and young children. Despite the development of vaccines against bovine (B)RSV, incomplete protection and exacerbation of subsequent RSV disease have occurred. In order to circumvent these problems, calves were vaccinated with the nucleocapsid protein, known to be a major target of CD8+ T cells in cattle. This was performed according to a DNA prime–protein boost strategy. The results showed that DNA vaccination primed a specific T-cell-mediated response, as indicated by both a lymphoproliferative response and IFN-γ production. These responses were enhanced after protein boost. After challenge, mock-vaccinated calves displayed gross pneumonic lesions and viral replication in the lungs. In contrast, calves vaccinated by successive administrations of plasmid DNA and protein exhibited protection against the development of pneumonic lesions and the viral replication in the BAL fluids and the lungs. The protection correlated to the cell-mediated immunity and not to the antibody response.
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6
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Wang JX, Zheng L, Song SX, Zhang X, Li LM, Wang F, Liu YF, Sun SH. Augmented Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Induced by Canine Adenovirus Type 1 DNA Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Viral Immunol 2007; 20:461-8. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2007.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xia Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Han Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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7
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Huang Y, Babiuk LA, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. The cell-mediated immune response induced by plasmid encoding bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein B is enhanced by plasmid encoding IL-12 when delivered intramuscularly or by gene gun, but not after intradermal injection. Vaccine 2006; 24:5349-59. [PMID: 16714071 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) causes respiratory and genital infections in cattle. Previously we demonstrated that a DNA vaccine encoding a truncated, secreted form of BHV-1 glycoprotein B (tgB) induces cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in C3H mice. In this study we investigated the potential of interleukin 12 (IL-12) to further enhance the CTL response. C3H mice were immunized with a plasmid encoding tgB or with plasmids encoding tgB and murine IL-12. When the plasmid encoding tgB was delivered intramuscularly or epidermally by a gene gun, co-administration with IL-12 plasmid stimulated the synthesis of more IgG2a, the production of higher levels of IFN-gamma, and more effective killing by CTLs. In contrast, after intradermal delivery no effect of co-administration of IL-12 encoding plasmid was observed. Further investigation suggested that antigen and IL-12 need to be expressed in the draining lymph nodes, where IL-12 can have a direct effect on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E3
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8
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Toussaint JF, Letellier C, Paquet D, Dispas M, Kerkhofs P. Prime-boost strategies combining DNA and inactivated vaccines confer high immunity and protection in cattle against bovine herpesvirus-1. Vaccine 2005; 23:5073-81. [PMID: 16024138 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have frequently been associated with poor efficacy in large animals. In the present study, one administration of an inactivated marker vaccine to cattle considerably boosted both humoral and cellular arms of the immune response primed with Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) DNA vaccines encoding glycoprotein D (gD) or gC+gD. Calves vaccinated according to the DNA prime-inactivated boost also showed significantly enhanced virological protection as compared to controls. The 4-logarithms reduction of virus shedding observed in primed-boosted animals was comparable to the one previously reported in calves immunized twice with marker vaccines. Intradermal immunization of cattle with DNA vaccines promoted a Th2-biased immune response but also primed a cellular component that was further boosted by the inactivated vaccine. Individual IgG2 titers of vaccinated calves were significantly correlated to IFN-gamma production. The immunization protocol described in the present study demonstrates the complementarity between DNA and conventional marker vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Toussaint
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Department of Virology, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
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9
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Zheng C, Babiuk LA, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Bovine herpesvirus 1 VP22 enhances the efficacy of a DNA vaccine in cattle. J Virol 2005; 79:1948-53. [PMID: 15650221 PMCID: PMC544085 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.3.1948-1953.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For this study, the intercellular trafficking ability of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) VP22 was applied to improve the efficacy of a DNA vaccine in calves. A plasmid encoding a truncated version of glycoprotein D (tgD) fused to VP22 was constructed. The plasmid encoding tgD-VP22 elicited significantly enhanced and more balanced immune responses than those induced by a plasmid encoding tgD. Furthermore, protection against a BHV-1 challenge was obtained in calves immunized with the plasmid encoding tgD-VP22, as shown by significant reductions in viral excretion. However, less significant protection was observed for animals vaccinated with the tgD-expressing plasmid, correlating with the lower level of immunity observed prechallenge. This is the first report of the use of VP22 as a transport molecule in the context of a DNA vaccine for a large animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfu Zheng
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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10
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DNA Vaccines for Mucosal Immunity to Infectious Diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012491543-5/50064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Manoj S, Babiuk LA, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Approaches to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2004; 41:1-39. [PMID: 15077722 DOI: 10.1080/10408360490269251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines consist of antigen-encoding bacterial plasmids that are capable of inducing antigen-specific immune responses upon inoculation into a host. This method of immunization is advantageous in terms of simplicity, adaptability, and cost of vaccine production. However, the entry of DNA vaccines and expression of antigen are subjected to physical and biochemical barriers imposed by the host. In small animals such as mice, the host-imposed impediments have not prevented DNA vaccines from inducing long-lasting, protective humoral, and cellular immune responses. In contrast, these barriers appear to be more difficult to overcome in large animals and humans. The focus of this article is to summarize the limitations of DNA vaccines and to provide a comprehensive review on the different strategies developed to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines. Several of these strategies, such as altering codon bias of the encoded gene, changing the cellular localization of the expressed antigen, and optimizing delivery and formulation of the plasmid, have led to improvements in DNA vaccine efficacy in large animals. However, solutions for increasing the amount of plasmid that eventually enters the nucleus and is available for transcription of the transgene still need to be found. The overall conclusions from these studies suggest that, provided these critical improvements are made, DNA vaccines may find important clinical and practical applications in the field of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Manoj
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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12
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Manoj S, Griebel PJ, Babiuk LA, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Modulation of immune responses to bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle by immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein D as a fusion protein with bovine CD154. Immunology 2004; 112:328-38. [PMID: 15147576 PMCID: PMC1782479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a DNA vaccine encoding bovine CD154 linked to a truncated version of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (tgD-CD154) induces enhanced tgD-specific immune responses in cattle. In vitro characterization demonstrated that tgD and tgD-CD154 both bind to cultured bovine B cells, whereas only tgD-CD154 induces interleukin-4-dependent proliferation, suggesting that tgD-CD154 specifically binds the CD40 receptor and induces receptor signalling. Calves were immunized with plasmid encoding either tgD or tgD-CD154 by intradermal injection with a needle-free device. After two immunizations, tgD-specific immune responses were observed in both vaccinated groups and after challenge with BHV-1 these responses further increased. Animals immunized with plasmid encoding tgD-CD154 had significantly higher tgD-specific serum titres of immunoglobulins G and A but significantly lower numbers of tgD-specific interferon-gamma-secreting cells than animals immunized with plasmid encoding tgD after BHV-1 challenge. This suggests that the expression of an antigen as a chimeric protein with CD154 can qualitatively alter immune responses in cattle. Since we previously showed that plasmid encoding tgD-CD154 induces significantly enhanced secondary tgD-specific antibody responses in sheep, there appear to be interspecies differences in the immune responses induced by tgD-CD154, which suggests that both proteins in the chimeric molecule may influence protein targeting and the induction of an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Manoj
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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13
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König P, Beer M, Makoschey B, Teifke JP, Polster U, Giesow K, Keil GM. Recombinant virus-expressed bovine cytokines do not improve efficacy of a bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine strain. Vaccine 2004; 22:202-12. [PMID: 14615147 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play a key role as regulators of the immune response. To elucidate whether the efficacy of a live virus vaccine can be improved by co-expression of cytokines, expression cassettes for bovine interleukins (boIL)-2, -4, -6, and -12 and bovine interferon-gamma (boIFN-gamma) were integrated into the glycoprotein E (gE)-locus of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) vaccine virus strain GK/D. Cell culture analyses demonstrated that expression of the cytokines did not impair the replication of the recombinant viruses. To test safety and efficacy, groups of 4-6 months old BHV-1 seronegative calves were vaccinated intranasally with the parental virus strain GK/D or the recombinants, and challenged intranasally 3 weeks later with virulent BHV-1. The animals were monitored for clinical signs, virus excretion and antibody status after vaccination and challenge. All vaccines were well tolerated and protected the immunised calves from clinical disease following challenge, and reduced duration and titres of challenge virus shedding. Calves inoculated with the boIL-6, boIL-12 and boIFN-gamma expressing recombinants showed a significant reduction in vaccine virus shedding but secreted more challenge virus than the other vaccinees. These findings indicate that expression of these cytokines mediates a better control of the vaccine virus replication which, however, interferes with the immunogenicity of the vaccine. In summary, all recombinant viruses were safe and effective, but protection afforded by the recombinants was not improved as compared to vaccination with the parental virus strain GK/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia König
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institutes, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, 17493 Greifswald-Insel, Riems, Germany
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Smooker PM, Rainczuk A, Kennedy N, Spithill TW. DNA vaccines and their application against parasites--promise, limitations and potential solutions. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2004; 10:189-236. [PMID: 15504707 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(04)10007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA or nucleic acid vaccines are being evaluated for efficacy against a range of parasitic diseases. Data from studies in rodent model systems have provided proof of principle that DNA vaccines are effective at inducing both humoral and T cell responses to a variety of candidate vaccine antigens. In particular, the induction of potent cellular responses often gives DNA vaccination an immunological advantage over subunit protein vaccination. Protection against parasite challenge has been demonstrated in a number of systems. However, application of parasite DNA vaccines in large animals including ruminants, primates and humans has been compromised by the relative lack of immune responsiveness to the vaccines, but the reasons for this hyporesponsiveness are not clear. Here, we review DNA vaccines against protozoan parasites, in particular vaccines for malaria, and the use of genomic approaches such as expression library immunization to generate novel vaccines. The application of DNA vaccines in ruminants is reviewed. We discuss some of the approaches being evaluated to improve responsiveness in large animals including the use of cytokines as adjuvants, targeting molecules as delivery ligands, electroporation and CpG oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Smooker
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
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15
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Griot C, Moser C, Cherpillod P, Bruckner L, Wittek R, Zurbriggen A, Zurbriggen R. Early DNA vaccination of puppies against canine distemper in the presence of maternally derived immunity. Vaccine 2004; 22:650-4. [PMID: 14741156 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is a disease in carnivores caused by CD virus (CDV), a member of the morbillivirus genus. It still is a threat to the carnivore and ferret population. The currently used modified attenuated live vaccines have several drawbacks of which lack of appropriate protection from severe infection is the most outstanding one. In addition, puppies up to the age of 6-8 weeks cannot be immunized efficiently due to the presence of maternal antibodies. In this study, a DNA prime modified live vaccine boost strategy was investigated in puppies in order to determine if vaccinated neonatal dogs induce a neutralizing immune response which is supposed to protect animals from a CDV challenge. Furthermore, a single DNA vaccination of puppies, 14 days after birth and in the presence of high titers of CDV neutralizing maternal antibodies, induced a clear and significant priming effect observed as early as 3 days after the subsequent booster with a conventional CDV vaccine. It was shown that the priming effect develops faster and to higher titers in puppies preimmunized with DNA 14 days after birth than in those vaccinated 28 days after birth. Our results demonstrate that despite the presence of maternal antibodies puppies can be vaccinated using the CDV DNA vaccine, and that this vaccination has a clear priming effect leading to a solid immune response after a booster with a conventional CDV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griot
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, PO Box 17, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
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16
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Manoj S, Babiuk LA, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Immunization with a dicistronic plasmid expressing a truncated form of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D and the amino-terminal subunit of glycoprotein B results in reduced gB-specific immune responses. Virology 2003; 313:296-307. [PMID: 12951041 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As an approach to create a divalent DNA vaccine, a truncated secreted version of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (tgD) and the amino-terminal subunit of glycoprotein B (gBb) were expressed from a dicistronic plasmid, designated pSLIAtgD-IRES-gBb. Intradermal immunization of mice with pSLIAtgD-IRES-gBb or a mixture of plasmids encoding tgD (pSLIAtgD) and gBb (pSLIAgBb) by needle injection or gene gun elicited strong tgD-specific immune responses. However, a significant reduction in gBb-specific immune responses was observed upon immunization of mice with pSLIAtgD-IRES-gBb or a mixture of pSLIAtgD and pSLIAgBb in comparison to immunization with pSLIAgBb alone. This reduction in gBb-specific immune responses induced by pSLIAtgD-IRES-gBb was due to production of low amounts of gBb from pSLIAtgD-IRES-gBb, inefficient processing and transport of gBb, and possibly competition for antigen-presenting cells by tgD and gBb. These results indicate that, although divalent plasmids may be used to express different antigens, the efficacy of vaccination with such plasmids may be influenced by the plasmid design and the characteristics of the expressed antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Manoj
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada
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17
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Pontarollo RA, Babiuk LA, Hecker R, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Augmentation of cellular immune responses to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D by vaccination with CpG-enhanced plasmid vectors. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2973-2981. [PMID: 12466473 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-12-2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of CpG-enhanced plasmid DNA vectors encoding a truncated secreted form of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D (tgD) to induce enhanced immune responses in cattle was investigated. We created tgD expression plasmids containing 0, 40 or 88 copies of the hexamer 5' GTCGTT 3', a known pan-activating CpG motif in several species. The total tgD-specific IgG titre of calves immunized with these plasmids did not correlate with the CpG content of the plasmid backbone. However, the pBISIA88-tgD-vaccinated group showed a significantly lower IgG1:IgG2 ratio than calves immunized with pBISIA40-tgD or pMASIA-tgD, which has no CpG motifs inserted. Antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated positively with the CpG content of the vectors. In contrast, calves that received a killed BHV-1 vaccine had an IgG1-predominant isotype and low lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma levels. Following challenge, the pBISIA88-tgD-immunized group developed the greatest anamnestic response, the highest BHV-1 neutralization titres in serum and a significantly lower level of virus shedding than the saline control group. However, there were no significant differences in clinical symptoms of infection between the DNA-immunized groups and the saline control group. These data indicate that CpG-enhanced plasmids induce augmented immune responses and could be used to vaccinate against pathogens requiring a strong cellular response for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pontarollo
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaS7N 5E31
| | - L A Babiuk
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaS7N 5E31
| | - R Hecker
- Qiagen GmbH, 40724 Hilden, Germany2
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Ioannou XP, Griebel P, Hecker R, Babiuk LA, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D plus Emulsigen are increased by formulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Virol 2002; 76:9002-10. [PMID: 12186884 PMCID: PMC136463 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.18.9002-9010.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2002] [Accepted: 06/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subunit vaccine formulated with Emulsigen (Em) and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN) was determined in cattle. A truncated, secreted version of BHV-1 glycoprotein D (tgD) formulated with Em and CpG ODN at concentrations of 25, 2.5, or 0.25 mg/dose produced a more balanced immune response, higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, and greater protection after BHV-1 challenge compared to tgD adjuvanted with either Em or CpG ODN alone. In contrast, tgD formulated with Em and either 25 mg of a non-CpG ODN or another immunostimulatory compound, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, induced similar immunity and protection compared to tgD formulated with Em alone, a finding which confirms the immunostimulatory effect of ODN to be CpG motif mediated. Our results demonstrate the ability of CpG ODN to induce a strong and balanced immune response in a target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Ioannou
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3 Canada
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