1
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Goff JL, Szink EG, Durrence KL, Lui LM, Nielsen TN, Kuehl JV, Hunt KA, Chandonia JM, Huang J, Thorgersen MP, Poole FL, Stahl DA, Chakraborty R, Deutschbauer AM, Arkin AP, Adams MWW. Genomic and environmental controls on Castellaniella biogeography in an anthropogenically disturbed subsurface. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:26. [PMID: 38671539 PMCID: PMC11046850 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Castellaniella species have been isolated from a variety of mixed-waste environments including the nitrate and multiple metal-contaminated subsurface at the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR). Previous studies examining microbial community composition and nitrate removal at ORR during biostimulation efforts reported increased abundances of members of the Castellaniella genus concurrent with increased denitrification rates. Thus, we asked how genomic and abiotic factors control the Castellaniella biogeography at the site to understand how these factors may influence nitrate transformation in an anthropogenically impacted setting. We report the isolation and characterization of several Castellaniella strains from the ORR subsurface. Five of these isolates match at 100% identity (at the 16S rRNA gene V4 region) to two Castellaniella amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), ASV1 and ASV2, that have persisted in the ORR subsurface for at least 2 decades. However, ASV2 has consistently higher relative abundance in samples taken from the site and was also the dominant blooming denitrifier population during a prior biostimulation effort. We found that the ASV2 representative strain has greater resistance to mixed metal stress than the ASV1 representative strains. We attribute this resistance, in part, to the large number of unique heavy metal resistance genes identified on a genomic island in the ASV2 representative genome. Additionally, we suggest that the relatively lower fitness of ASV1 may be connected to the loss of the nitrous oxide reductase (nos) operon (and associated nitrous oxide reductase activity) due to the insertion at this genomic locus of a mobile genetic element carrying copper resistance genes. This study demonstrates the value of integrating genomic, environmental, and phenotypic data to characterize the biogeography of key microorganisms in contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Goff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Szink
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Konnor L Durrence
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lauren M Lui
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Torben N Nielsen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer V Kuehl
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kristopher A Hunt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John-Marc Chandonia
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Thorgersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Farris L Poole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - David A Stahl
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Romy Chakraborty
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Deutschbauer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael W W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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2
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Vulturar DM, Pilmis B, Rouzaud C, Gigandon A, Dauriat G, Feuillet-Soummer S, Moaca LS, Fadel E, Mercier O, Fabre D, Lortholary O, Le Pavec J. Uncovering the Unseen: Bordetella hinzii Emerges in a Lung Transplant Recipient. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4708. [PMID: 38731927 PMCID: PMC11083952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bordetella hinzii (B. hinzii), a Gram-negative bacillus commonly associated with respiratory infections in animals, has garnered attention for its sporadic cases in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Despite its opportunistic nature, there remains limited understanding regarding its pathogenicity, diagnostic challenges, and optimal treatment strategies, especially in the context of immunosuppression. Herein, we present the first documented case of acute bronchitis caused by B. hinzii in an immunocompromised patient following double-lung transplantation. The patient, a former smoker with sarcoidosis stage IV, underwent transplant surgery and subsequently developed a febrile episode, leading to the identification of B. hinzii in broncho-alveolar lavage samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to multiple antibiotics, necessitating tailored treatment adjustments. Our case underscores the importance of heightened awareness among clinicians regarding B. hinzii infections and the imperative for further research to elucidate its epidemiology and optimal management strategies, particularly in immunocompromised populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana-Maria Vulturar
- Pneumology and Lung Transplantation Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J.L.P.)
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Benoît Pilmis
- Mobile Clinical Microbiology Team, Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital Group, 75014 Paris, France
- UMR_1319, Micalis Institute, Paris-Saclay University, INRAe, AgroParisTech, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Claire Rouzaud
- Mobile Clinical Microbiology Team, Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital Group, 75014 Paris, France
- Necker Pasteur Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, IHU Imagine, Necker Enfants Malades, University Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Gigandon
- Microbiology Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Gaëlle Dauriat
- Pneumology and Lung Transplantation Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J.L.P.)
| | - Séverine Feuillet-Soummer
- Pneumology and Lung Transplantation Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J.L.P.)
| | - Liviu-Stefan Moaca
- Pneumology and Lung Transplantation Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J.L.P.)
| | - Elie Fadel
- Pneumology and Lung Transplantation Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J.L.P.)
- UMR_1319, Micalis Institute, Paris-Saclay University, INRAe, AgroParisTech, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Pneumology and Lung Transplantation Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J.L.P.)
- UMR_1319, Micalis Institute, Paris-Saclay University, INRAe, AgroParisTech, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Dominique Fabre
- Pneumology and Lung Transplantation Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J.L.P.)
- UMR_1319, Micalis Institute, Paris-Saclay University, INRAe, AgroParisTech, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Necker Pasteur Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, IHU Imagine, Necker Enfants Malades, University Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Le Pavec
- Pneumology and Lung Transplantation Department, Marie-Lannelongue–Saint Joseph Hospital Group, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France (J.L.P.)
- UMR_1319, Micalis Institute, Paris-Saclay University, INRAe, AgroParisTech, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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3
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Loong SK, Liam CK, Karunakaran R, Tan KK, Mahfodz NH, AbuBakar S. Non-classical Bordetella sp. (closely related to Bordetella hinzii and Bordetella pseudohinzii) lower respiratory tract infection in a patient with extensive bronchiectasis: a case report. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231214464. [PMID: 38216150 PMCID: PMC10787532 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231214464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of reports have described the pathogenic nature of several non-classical Bordetella spp. Among them, Bordetella hinzii and Bordetella pseudohinzii have been implicated in a myriad of respiratory-associated infections in humans and animals. We report the isolation of a genetically close relative of B. hinzii and B. pseudohinzii from the sputum of a woman in her early 60s with extensive bronchiectasis who presented with fever and brown colored sputum. The isolate had initially been identified as Bordetella avium by API 20NE, the identification system for non-enteric Gram-negative rod bacteria. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA, ompA, nrdA, and genes used in the Bordetella multilocus sequence typing scheme could not resolve the identity of this Bordetella isolate. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis positioned the isolate between B. hinzii and B. pseudohinzii in the phylogenetic tree, forming a distinct cluster. Whole-genome sequencing enabled the further identification of this rare organism, and should be considered for wider applications, especially the confirmation of organism identity in the clinical diagnostic microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Kin Liam
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rina Karunakaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayana Mahfodz
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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4
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Badhai J, Das SK. Genomic evidence and virulence properties decipher the extra-host origin of Bordetella bronchiseptica. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad200. [PMID: 37660236 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, members of the classical Bordetella species comprised only pathogenic bacteria that were thought to live exclusively in warm-blooded animals. The close phylogenetic relationship of Bordetella with Achromobacter and Alcaligenes, which include primarily environmental bacteria, suggests that the ancestral Bordetellae were probably free-living. Eventually, the Bordetella species evolved to infect and live within warm-blooded animals. The modern history of pathogens related to the genus Bordetella started towards the end of the 19th century when it was discovered in the infected respiratory epithelium of mammals, including humans. The first identified member was Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough, a fatal disease in young children. In due course, B. bronchiseptica was recovered from the trachea and bronchi of dogs with distemper. Later, a second closely related human pathogen, B. parapertussis, was described as causing milder whooping cough. The classical Bordetellae are strictly host-associated pathogens transmitted via the host-to-host aerosol route. Recently, the B. bronchiseptica strain HT200 has been reported from a thermal spring exhibiting unique genomic features that were not previously observed in clinical strains. Therefore, it advocates that members of classical Bordetella species have evolved from environmental sources. This organism can be transmitted via environmental reservoirs as it can survive nutrient-limiting conditions and possesses a motile flagellum. This study aims to review the molecular basis of origin and virulence properties of obligate host-restricted and environmental strains of classical Bordetella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhasketan Badhai
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Subrata K Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
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5
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Bridel S, Bouchez V, Brancotte B, Hauck S, Armatys N, Landier A, Mühle E, Guillot S, Toubiana J, Maiden MCJ, Jolley KA, Brisse S. A comprehensive resource for Bordetella genomic epidemiology and biodiversity studies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3807. [PMID: 35778384 PMCID: PMC9249784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bordetella includes bacteria that are found in the environment and/or associated with humans and other animals. A few closely related species, including Bordetella pertussis, are human pathogens that cause diseases such as whooping cough. Here, we present a large database of Bordetella isolates and genomes and develop genotyping systems for the genus and for the B. pertussis clade. To generate the database, we merge previously existing databases from Oxford University and Institut Pasteur, import genomes from public repositories, and add 83 newly sequenced B. bronchiseptica genomes. The public database currently includes 2582 Bordetella isolates and their provenance data, and 2085 genomes ( https://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/bordetella/ ). We use core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) to develop genotyping systems for the whole genus and for B. pertussis, as well as specific schemes to define antigenic, virulence and macrolide resistance profiles. Phylogenetic analyses allow us to redefine evolutionary relationships among known Bordetella species, and to propose potential new species. Our database provides an expandable resource for genotyping of environmental and clinical Bordetella isolates, thus facilitating evolutionary and epidemiological research on whooping cough and other Bordetella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bridel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bouchez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bryan Brancotte
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Hauck
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Nathalie Armatys
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Annie Landier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Mühle
- Collection de l´Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guillot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julie Toubiana
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Keith A Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France. .,National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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6
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Ma L, Sedney C, Su Y, Dewan KK, Linz B, Harvill ET. Contribution of a Novel Pertussis Toxin-Like Factor in Mediating Persistent Otitis Media. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:795230. [PMID: 35360099 PMCID: PMC8963424 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.795230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic otitis media (COM) is the long-term infection and inflammation of the middle ears typically caused by upper respiratory tract pathogens that are able to ascend the Eustachian tube. Our understanding of contributing factors is limited because human otopathogens cannot naturally colonize or persist in the middle ears of mice. We recently described a natural COM in mice caused by Bordetella pseudohinzii and proposed this as an experimental system to study bacterial mechanisms of immune evasion that allow persistent infection of the middle ear. Here we describe a novel pertussis toxin (PTx)-like factor unique to B. pseudohinzii, apparently acquired horizontally, that is associated with its particularly efficient persistence and pathogenesis. The catalytic subunit of this toxin, PsxA, has conserved catalytic sites and substantial predicted structural homology to pertussis toxin catalytic subunit PtxA. Deletion of the gene predicted to encode the catalytic subunit, psxA, resulted in a significant decrease in persistence in the middle ears. The defect was not observed in mice lacking T cells, indicating that PsxA is necessary for persistence only when T cells are present. These results demonstrate the role of a novel putative toxin in the persistence of B. pseudohinzii and its generation of COM. This PsxA-mediated immune evasion strategy may similarly be utilized by human otopathogens, via other PTx-like toxins or alternative mechanisms to disrupt critical T cell functions necessary to clear bacteria from the middle ear. This work demonstrates that this experimental system can allow for the detailed study of general strategies and specific mechanisms that otopathogens use to evade host immune responses to persist in the middle ear to cause COM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Colleen Sedney
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kalyan K. Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric T. Harvill,
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7
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Ma L, Linz B, Caulfield AD, Dewan KK, Rivera I, Harvill ET. Natural History and Ecology of Interactions Between Bordetella Species and Amoeba. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:798317. [PMID: 35223538 PMCID: PMC8863592 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.798317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of bacteria have evolved the ability to interact with environmental phagocytic predators such as amoebae, which may have facilitated their subsequent interactions with phagocytes in animal hosts. Our recent study found that the animal pathogen Bordetella bronchiseptica can evade predation by the common soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, survive within, and hijack its complex life cycle as a propagation and dissemination vector. However, it is uncertain whether the mechanisms allowing interactions with predatory amoebae are conserved among Bordetella species, because divergence, evolution, and adaptation to different hosts and ecological niches was accompanied by acquisition and loss of many genes. Here we tested 9 diverse Bordetella species in three assays representing distinct aspects of their interactions with D. discoideum. Several human and animal pathogens retained the abilities to survive within single-celled amoeba, to inhibit amoebic plaque expansion, and to translocate with amoebae to the fruiting body and disseminate along with the fruiting body. In contrast, these abilities were partly degraded for the bird pathogen B. avium, and for the human-restricted species B. pertussis and B. parapertussis. Interestingly, a different lineage of B. parapertussis only known to infect sheep retained the ability to interact with D. discoideum, demonstrating that these abilities were lost in multiple lineages independently, correlating with niche specialization and recent rapid genome decay apparently mediated by insertion sequences. B. petrii has been isolated sporadically from diverse human and environmental sources, has acquired insertion sequences, undergone genome decay and has also lost the ability to interact with amoebae, suggesting some specialization to some unknown niche. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a set of genes that are potentially associated with the ability to interact with D. discoideum. These results suggest that massive gene loss associated with specialization of some Bordetella species to a closed life cycle in a particular host was repeatedly and independently accompanied by loss of the ability to interact with amoebae in an environmental niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amanda D. Caulfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kalyan K. Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Israel Rivera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric T. Harvill,
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8
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Dewan KK, Sedney C, Caulfield AD, Su Y, Ma L, Blas-Machado U, Harvill ET. Probing Immune-Mediated Clearance of Acute Middle Ear Infection in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:815627. [PMID: 35141173 PMCID: PMC8818953 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.815627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is commonly caused by bacterial pathobionts of the nasopharynx that ascend the Eustachian tube to cause disease in the middle ears. To model and study the various complexities of AOM, common human otopathogens are injected directly into the middle ear bullae of rodents or are delivered with viral co-infections which contribute to the access to the middle ears in complex and partially understood ways. Here, we present the novel observation that Bordetella bronchiseptica, a well-characterized respiratory commensal/pathogen of mice, also efficiently ascends their Eustachian tubes to colonize their middle ears, providing a flexible mouse model to study naturally occurring AOM. Mice lacking T and/or B cells failed to resolve infections, highlighting the cooperative role of both in clearing middle ear infection. Adoptively transferred antibodies provided complete protection to the lungs but only partially protected the middle ears, highlighting the differences between respiratory and otoimmunology. We present this as a novel experimental system that can capitalize on the strengths of the mouse model to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in the generation and function of immunity within the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan K. Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kalyan K. Dewan,
| | - Colleen Sedney
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Amanda D. Caulfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Longhuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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9
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Jaeger N, McDonough RT, Rosen AL, Hernandez-Leyva A, Wilson NG, Lint MA, Russler-Germain EV, Chai JN, Bacharier LB, Hsieh CS, Kau AL. Airway Microbiota-Host Interactions Regulate Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Levels and Influence Allergic Airway Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108331. [PMID: 33147448 PMCID: PMC7685510 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic mucosal immune responses are fine-tuned by naturally evolved interactions with native microbes, and integrating these relationships into experimental models can provide new insights into human diseases. Here, we leverage a murine-adapted airway microbe, Bordetella pseudohinzii (Bph), to investigate how chronic colonization impacts mucosal immunity and the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI). Colonization with Bph induces the differentiation of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-secreting T-helper cells that aid in controlling bacterial abundance. Bph colonization protects from AAI and is associated with increased production of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an antimicrobial peptide with anti-inflammatory properties. These findings are additionally supported by clinical data showing that higher levels of upper respiratory SLPI correlate both with greater asthma control and the presence of Haemophilus, a bacterial genus associated with AAI. We propose that SLPI could be used as a biomarker of beneficial host-commensal relationships in the airway. Asthma is known to be modified by airway microbes. Jaeger et al. use a murine-adapted bacterium to show that airway colonization evokes a Th17 response associated with increased SLPI, an antimicrobial peptide, and protection from lung inflammation. In people, SLPI was correlated with airway microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jaeger
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan T McDonough
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne L Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ariel Hernandez-Leyva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naomi G Wilson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael A Lint
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emilie V Russler-Germain
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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10
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Rivera I, Linz B, Harvill ET. Evolution and Conservation of Bordetella Intracellular Survival in Eukaryotic Host Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:557819. [PMID: 33178148 PMCID: PMC7593398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.557819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical bordetellae possess several partially characterized virulence mechanisms that are studied in the context of a complete extracellular life cycle in their mammalian hosts. Yet, classical bordetellae have repeatedly been reported within dendritic cells (DCs) and alveolar macrophages in clinical samples, and in vitro experiments convincingly demonstrate that the bacteria can survive intracellularly within mammalian phagocytic cells, an ability that appears to have descended from ancestral progenitor species that lived in the environment and acquired the mechanisms to resist unicellular phagocytic predators. Many pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Francisella tularensis, and Legionella pneumophila, are known to parasitize and multiply inside eukaryotic host cells. This strategy provides protection, nutrients, and the ability to disseminate systemically. While some work has been dedicated at characterizing intracellular survival of Bordetella pertussis, there is limited understanding of how this strategy has evolved within the genus Bordetella and the contributions of this ability to bacterial pathogenicity, evasion of host immunity as well as within and between-host dissemination. Here, we explore the mechanisms that control the metabolic changes accompanying intracellular survival and how these have been acquired and conserved throughout the evolutionary history of the Bordetella genus and discuss the possible implications of this strategy in the persistence and reemergence of B. pertussis in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Rivera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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11
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Transcriptional Downregulation of a Type III Secretion System under Reducing Conditions in Bordetella pertussis. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00400-20. [PMID: 32817088 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00400-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject virulence proteins into host cells. Although the B. pertussis T3SS was presumed to be involved in host colonization, efficient secretion of type III secreted proteins from B. pertussis has not been observed. To investigate the roles of type III secreted proteins during infection, we attempted to optimize culture conditions for the production and secretion of a type III secreted protein, BteA, in B. pertussis We observed that B. pertussis efficiently secretes BteA in ascorbic acid-depleted (AsA-) medium. When L2 cells, a rat lung epithelial cell line, were infected with B. pertussis cultured in the AsA- medium, BteA-dependent cytotoxicity was observed. We also performed an immunofluorescence assay of L2 cells infected with B. pertussis Clear fluorescence signals of Bsp22, a needle structure of T3SS, were detected on the bacterial surface of B. pertussis cultured in the AsA- medium. Since ascorbic acid is known as a reducing agent, we cultured B. pertussis in liquid medium containing other reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and dithioerythritol. Under these reducing conditions, the production of type III secreted proteins was repressed. These results suggest that in B. pertussis, the production and secretion of type III secreted proteins are downregulated under reducing conditions.IMPORTANCE The type III secretion system (T3SS) of Bordetella pertussis forms a needlelike structure that protrudes from the bacterial cell surface. B. pertussis uses a T3SS to translocate virulence proteins called effectors into host cells. The culture conditions for effector production in B. pertussis have not been investigated. We attempted to optimize culture medium compositions for producing and secreting type III secreted proteins. We found that B. pertussis secretes type III secreted proteins in reducing agent-deprived liquid medium and that BteA-secreting B. pertussis provokes cytotoxicity against cultured mammalian cells. These results suggest that redox signaling is involved in the regulation of B. pertussis T3SS.
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12
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Kamanova J. Bordetella Type III Secretion Injectosome and Effector Proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:466. [PMID: 33014891 PMCID: PMC7498569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a resurging acute respiratory disease of humans primarily caused by the Gram-negative coccobacilli Bordetella pertussis, and less commonly by the human-adapted lineage of B. parapertussis HU. The ovine-adapted lineage of B. parapertussis OV infects only sheep, while B. bronchiseptica causes chronic and often asymptomatic respiratory infections in a broad range of mammals but rarely in humans. A largely overlapping set of virulence factors inflicts the pathogenicity of these bordetellae. Their genomes also harbor a pathogenicity island, named bsc locus, that encodes components of the type III secretion injectosome, and adjacent btr locus with the type III regulatory proteins. The Bsc injectosome of bordetellae translocates the cytotoxic BteA effector protein, also referred to as BopC, into the cells of the mammalian hosts. While the role of type III secretion activity in the persistent colonization of the lower respiratory tract by B. bronchiseptica is well recognized, the functionality of the type III secretion injectosome in B. pertussis was overlooked for many years due to the adaptation of laboratory-passaged B. pertussis strains. This review highlights the current knowledge of the type III secretion system in the so-called classical Bordetella species, comprising B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica, and discusses its functional divergence. Comparison with other well-studied bacterial injectosomes, regulation of the type III secretion on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, and activities of BteA effector protein and BopN protein, homologous to the type III secretion gatekeepers, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kamanova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Genotypic and phenotypic adaptation of pathogens: lesson from the genus Bordetella. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020; 32:223-230. [PMID: 30921085 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To relate genomic changes to phenotypic adaptation and evolution from environmental bacteria to obligate human pathogens, focusing on the examples within Bordetella species. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies showed that animal-pathogenic and human-pathogenic Bordetella species evolved from environmental ancestors in soil. The animal-pathogenic Bordetella bronchiseptica can hijack the life cycle of the soil-living amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, surviving inside single-celled trophozoites, translocating to the fruiting bodies and disseminating along with amoeba spores. The association with amoeba may have been a 'training ground' for bacteria during the evolution to pathogens. Adaptation to an animal-associated life style was characterized by decreasing metabolic versatility and genome size and by acquisition of 'virulence factors' mediating the interaction with the new animal hosts. Subsequent emergence of human-specific pathogens, such as Bordetella pertussis from zoonoses of broader host range progenitors, was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in genome size, marked by the loss of hundreds of genes. SUMMARY The evolution of Bordetella from environmental microbes to animal-adapted and obligate human pathogens was accompanied by significant genome reduction with large-scale gene loss during divergence.
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14
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Perniss A, Liu S, Boonen B, Keshavarz M, Ruppert AL, Timm T, Pfeil U, Soultanova A, Kusumakshi S, Delventhal L, Aydin Ö, Pyrski M, Deckmann K, Hain T, Schmidt N, Ewers C, Günther A, Lochnit G, Chubanov V, Gudermann T, Oberwinkler J, Klein J, Mikoshiba K, Leinders-Zufall T, Offermanns S, Schütz B, Boehm U, Zufall F, Bufe B, Kummer W. Chemosensory Cell-Derived Acetylcholine Drives Tracheal Mucociliary Clearance in Response to Virulence-Associated Formyl Peptides. Immunity 2020; 52:683-699.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Kampmeier S, Rennebaum F, Schmidt H, Riegel A, Herrmann M, Schaumburg F. Peripancreatic abscess supported by Bordetella hinzii. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 34:100650. [PMID: 32025312 PMCID: PMC6997295 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel case of an infection with Bordetella hinzii, a pathogen usually detected in poultry, supporting a peripancreatic abscess formation as a complication of an acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kampmeier
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
- Corresponding author: S. Kampmeier, Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - F. Rennebaum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - H. Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - A. Riegel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M. Herrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
- Section of Medical and Geographical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - F. Schaumburg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
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16
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Rivera I, Linz B, Dewan KK, Ma L, Rice CA, Kyle DE, Harvill ET. Conservation of Ancient Genetic Pathways for Intracellular Persistence Among Animal Pathogenic Bordetellae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2839. [PMID: 31921025 PMCID: PMC6917644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and human pathogens of the genus Bordetella are not commonly considered to be intracellular pathogens, although members of the closely related classical bordetellae are known to enter and persist within macrophages in vitro and have anecdotally been reported to be intracellular in clinical samples. B. bronchiseptica, the species closest to the ancestral lineage of the classical bordetellae, infects a wide range of mammals but is known to have an alternate life cycle, persisting, replicating and disseminating with amoeba. These observations give rise to the hypothesis that the ability for intracellular survival has an ancestral origin and is common among animal-pathogenic and environmental Bordetella species. Here we analyzed the survival of B. bronchiseptica and defined its transcriptional response to internalization by murine macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Although the majority of the bacteria were killed and digested by the macrophages, a consistent fraction survived and persisted inside the phagocytes. Internalization prompted the activation of a prominent stress response characterized by upregulation of genes involved in DNA repair, oxidative stress response, pH homeostasis, chaperone functions, and activation of specific metabolic pathways. Cross species genome comparisons revealed that most of these upregulated genes are highly conserved among both the classical and non-classical Bordetella species. The diverse Bordetella species also shared the ability to survive inside RAW 264.7 cells, with the single exception being the bird pathogen B. avium, which has lost several of those genes. Knock-out mutations in genes expressed intracellularly resulted in decreased persistence inside the phagocytic cells, emphasizing the importance of these genes in this environment. These data show that the ability to persist inside macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells is shared among nearly all Bordetella species, suggesting that resisting phagocytes may be an ancient mechanism that precedes speciation in the genus and may have facilitated the adaptation of Bordetella species from environmental bacteria to mammalian respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Rivera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kalyan K Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Longhuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Christopher A Rice
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Dennis E Kyle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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17
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Ma L, Huang S, Luo Y, Min F, He L, Chen M, Pan J, Zhang Y, Wang J. Isolation and characterization of Bordetella pseudohinzii in mice in China. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:217-221. [PMID: 31773098 PMCID: PMC6762218 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the first detection and isolation of B. pseudohinzii (Bordetella pseudohinzii) in laboratory mice in China. Forty-one B. pseudohinzii strains were isolated from 3094 mice in 33 different laboratory animal facilities in southern China. The isolates were identified through culture and genome sequenceing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of 16S rRNA and OmpA genes demonstrated that these strains were on the same clade as other B. pseudohinzii strains isolated from mice. Experimental infected mice presented an asymptomatic infection. B. pseudohinzii replicated in both the respiratory tract and the digestive tract. Most importantly B. pseudohinzii shed via feces and infected a group of sentinel mice in a separate cage via cage padding contaminated with B. pseudohinzii-positive feces, indicating that B. pseudohinzii could transmit efficiently among mice and contaminate environmental facilities. Our study highlights the importance of routine monitoring of the pathogen in laboratory mice and provides vital insights into the transmission of Brodetellae in rodents and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shuwu Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yinzhu Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Fangui Min
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lifang He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Meiling Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jinchun Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalsGuangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring InstituteGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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18
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Negishi T, Matsumoto T, Shinagawa J, Kasuga E, Horiuchi K, Natori T, Sugano M, Uehara T, Honda T. A case of cervical subcutaneous abscess due to Bordetella hinzii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:114865. [PMID: 31405631 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of subcutaneous infection caused by Bordetella hinzii in a healthy male. The isolate was successfully identified by gyrB gene sequencing. B. hinzii cannot be distinctively identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing or by biochemical methods. The number of cases infected with B. hinzii might be underestimated owing to the difficulty in accurate identification, which can be achieved by gyrB gene sequencing to gain knowledge about the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Negishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsumoto
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Jun Shinagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Eriko Kasuga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuki Horiuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Natori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Sugano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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19
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Dewan KK, Taylor-Mulneix DL, Campos LL, Skarlupka AL, Wagner SM, Ryman VE, Gestal MC, Ma L, Blas-Machado U, Faddis BT, Harvill ET. A model of chronic, transmissible Otitis Media in mice. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007696. [PMID: 30970038 PMCID: PMC6476515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation of the middle ears that characterizes acute and chronic otitis media (OM), is a major reason for doctor visits and antibiotic prescription, particularly among children. Nasopharyngeal pathogens that are commonly associated with OM in humans do not naturally colonize the middle ears of rodents, and experimental models in most cases involve directly injecting large numbers of human pathogens into the middle ear bullae of rodents, where they induce a short-lived acute inflammation but fail to persist. Here we report that Bordetella pseudohinzii, a respiratory pathogen of mice, naturally, efficiently and rapidly ascends the eustachian tubes to colonize the middle ears, causing acute and chronic histopathological changes with progressive decrease in hearing acuity that closely mimics otitis media in humans. Laboratory mice experimentally inoculated intranasally with very low numbers of bacteria consistently have their middle ears colonized and subsequently transmit the bacterium to cage mates. Taking advantage of the specifically engineered and well characterized immune deficiencies available in mice we conducted experiments to uncover different roles of T and B cells in controlling bacterial numbers in the middle ear during chronic OM. The iconic mouse model provides significant advantages for elucidating aspects of host-pathogen interactions in otitis media that are currently not possible using other animal models. This natural model of otitis media permits the study of transmission between hosts, efficient early colonization of the respiratory tract, ascension of the eustachian tube, as well as colonization, pathogenesis and persistence in the middle ear. It also allows the combination of the powerful tools of mouse molecular immunology and bacterial genetics to determine the mechanistic basis for these important processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan K. Dewan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dawn L. Taylor-Mulneix
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Campos
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Skarlupka
- Department of Microbiology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Wagner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Valerie E. Ryman
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Monica C. Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Longhua Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- Department of Pathology, Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Faddis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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20
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Dewan KK, Harvill ET. Did new transmission cycles in anthropogenic, dense, host populations encourage the emergence and speciation of pathogenic Bordetella? PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007600. [PMID: 30921446 PMCID: PMC6438446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan K. Dewan
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric T. Harvill
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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21
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Perniss A, Schmidt N, Gurtner C, Dietert K, Schwengers O, Weigel M, Hempe J, Ewers C, Pfeil U, Gärtner U, Gruber AD, Hain T, Kummer W. Bordetella pseudohinzii targets cilia and impairs tracheal cilia-driven transport in naturally acquired infection in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5681. [PMID: 29632402 PMCID: PMC5890243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of the Gram-negative genus Bordetella are the cause of respiratory infections in mammals and birds, including whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. Very recently, a novel atypical species, Bordetella pseudohinzii, was isolated from laboratory mice. These mice presented no obvious clinical symptoms but elevated numbers of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and inflammatory signs in histopathology. We noted that this species can occur at high prevalence in a mouse facility despite regular pathogen testing according to the FELASA-recommendations. Affected C57BL/6 J mice had, in addition to the reported pulmonary alterations, tracheal inflammation with reduced numbers of ciliated cells, slower ciliary beat frequency, and largely (>50%) compromised cilia-driven particle transport speed on the mucosal surface, a primary innate defence mechanism. In an in vitro-model, Bordetella pseudohinzii attached to respiratory kinocilia, impaired ciliary function within 4 h and caused epithelial damage within 24 h. Regular testing for this ciliotropic Bordetella species and excluding it from colonies that provide mice for lung research shall be recommended. On the other hand, controlled colonization and infection with Bordetella pseudohinzii may serve as an experimental model to investigate mechanisms of mucociliary clearance and microbial strategies to escape from this primary innate defence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Perniss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Schwengers
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bioinformatics and System Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Hempe
- Central Experimental Animal Facility, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Pfeil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kummer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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22
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LOONG SK, CHE-MAT-SERI NAA, ABDULRAZAK O, DOUADI B, AHMAD-NASRAH SN, JOHARI J, MOHD-ZAIN SN, ABUBAKAR S. Recovery of Bordetella bronchiseptica sequence type 82 and B. pseudohinzii from urban rats in Terengganu, Malaysia. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:77-84. [PMID: 29237995 PMCID: PMC5797863 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents have historically been associated with zoonotic pandemics that claimed the lives of large human populations. Appropriate pathogen surveillance initiatives could contribute to early detection of zoonotic infections to prevent future outbreaks. Bordetella species are bacteria known to cause mild to severe respiratory disease in mammals and, some have been described to infect, colonize and spread in rodents. There is a lack of information on the population diversity of bordetellae among Malaysian wild rodents. Here, bordetellae recovered from lung tissues of wild rats were genotypically characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing, MLST and nrdA typing. A novel B. bronchiseptica ST82, closely related to other human-derived isolates, was discovered in three wild rats (n=3) from Terengganu (5.3333° N, 103.1500° E). B. pseudohinzii, a recently identified laboratory mice inhabitant, was also recovered from one rat (n=1). Both bordetellae displayed identical antimicrobial resistance profiles, indicating the close phylogenetic association between them. Genotyping using the 765-bp nrdA locus was shown to be compatible with the MLST-based phylogeny, with the added advantage of being able to genotype non-classical bordetellae. The recovery of B. pseudohinzii from wild rat implied that this bordetellae has a wider host range than previously thought. The findings from this study suggest that bordetellae surveillance among wild rats in Malaysia has to be continued and expanded to other states to ensure early identification of species capable of causing public health disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Keng LOONG
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Asma-Anati CHE-MAT-SERI
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Osama ABDULRAZAK
- Microbial Evolutionary Dynamics Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Benacer DOUADI
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti-Noraisah AHMAD-NASRAH
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jefree JOHARI
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti-Nursheena MOHD-ZAIN
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly ABUBAKAR
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Taylor-Mulneix DL, Hamidou Soumana I, Linz B, Harvill ET. Evolution of Bordetellae from Environmental Microbes to Human Respiratory Pathogens: Amoebae as a Missing Link. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:510. [PMID: 29322035 PMCID: PMC5732149 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bordetella comprises several bacterial species that colonize the respiratory tract of mammals. It includes B. pertussis, a human-restricted pathogen that is the causative agent of Whooping Cough. In contrast, the closely related species B. bronchiseptica colonizes a broad range of animals as well as immunocompromised humans. Recent metagenomic studies have identified known and novel bordetellae isolated from different environmental sources, providing a new perspective on their natural history. Using phylogenetic analysis, we have shown that human and animal pathogenic bordetellae have most likely evolved from ancestors that originated from soil and water. Our recent study found that B. bronchiseptica can evade amoebic predation and utilize Dictyostelium discoideum as an expansion and transmission vector, which suggests that the evolutionary pressure to evade the amoebic predator enabled the rise of bordetellae as respiratory pathogens. Interactions with amoeba may represent the starting point for bacterial adaptation to eukaryotic cells. However, as bacteria evolve and adapt to a novel host, they can become specialized and restricted to a specific host. B. pertussis is known to colonize and cause infection only in humans, and this specialization to a closed human-to-human lifecycle has involved genome reduction and the loss of ability to utilize amoeba as an environmental reservoir. The discoveries from studying the interaction of Bordetella species with amoeba will elicit a better understanding of the evolutionary history of these and other important human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn L Taylor-Mulneix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Illiassou Hamidou Soumana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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24
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Darrah R, Bonfield T, LiPuma JJ, Litman P, Hodges CA, Jacono F, Drumm M. Cystic Fibrosis Mice Develop Spontaneous Chronic Bordetella Airway Infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3. [PMID: 30283824 PMCID: PMC6166652 DOI: 10.16966/2470-3176.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary disease and infection is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Though Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is most commonly found in the airways of individuals with CF, there is increasing appreciation for the diversity of the CF microbiome, including other taxa such as Bordetella. Here we describe the identification and impact of Bordetella pseudohinzii infection in CF mice, which previously have not been thought to develop spontaneous airway infections. We determined that CF mice are more susceptible to the B. pseudohinzii infections, and less able to resolve the infection than non-CF mice. Moreover, in both CF and non-CF mice, B. pseudohinzii infections lead to markedly reduced respiratory rates and a CF-specific immune response. These results establish the CF mouse model as an important tool for the study of CF-relevant infection and highlight the potential contribution of Bordetella to CF clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Darrah
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA
| | - T Bonfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA
| | - J J LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - P Litman
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA
| | - C A Hodges
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA
| | - F Jacono
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Louis Stokes VA Cleveland Medical Center, USA
| | - M Drumm
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA
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25
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Hamidou Soumana I, Linz B, Harvill ET. Environmental Origin of the Genus Bordetella. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:28. [PMID: 28174558 PMCID: PMC5258731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Bordetella include human and animal pathogens that cause a variety of respiratory infections, including whooping cough in humans. Despite the long known ability to switch between a within-animal and an extra-host lifestyle under laboratory growth conditions, no extra-host niches of pathogenic Bordetella species have been defined. To better understand the distribution of Bordetella species in the environment, we probed the NCBI nucleotide database with the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequences from pathogenic Bordetella species. Bacteria of the genus Bordetella were frequently found in soil, water, sediment, and plants. Phylogenetic analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Bordetella recovered from environmental samples are evolutionarily ancestral to animal-associated species. Sequences from environmental samples had a significantly higher genetic diversity, were located closer to the root of the phylogenetic tree and were present in all 10 identified sequence clades, while only four sequence clades possessed animal-associated species. The pathogenic bordetellae appear to have evolved from ancestors in soil and/or water. We show that, despite being animal-adapted pathogens, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Bordetella hinzii have preserved the ability to grow and proliferate in soil. Our data implicate soil as a probable environmental origin of Bordetella species, including the animal-pathogenic lineages. Soil may further constitute an environmental niche, allowing for persistence and dissemination of the bacterial pathogens. Spread of pathogenic bordetellae from an environmental reservoir such as soil may potentially explain their wide distribution as well as frequent disease outbreaks that start without an obvious infectious source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illiassou Hamidou Soumana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA
| | - Bodo Linz
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of GeorgiaAthens, GA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, USA
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26
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Clark SE, Purcell JE, Bi X, Fortman JD. Cross-Foster Rederivation Compared with Antibiotic Administration in the Drinking Water to Eradicate Bordetella pseudohinzii. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2017; 56:47-51. [PMID: 28905714 PMCID: PMC5250494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bordetella pseudohinzii is a microbial agent of potential importance in mice and has confounded pulmonary research at our institution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cross-foster rederivation and antibiotic administration in the drinking water as methods to eradicate B. pseudohinzii. To evaluate the efficacy of cross-foster rederivation, 29 litters representing 16 strains of mice were cross-fostered from cages positive for B. pseudohinzii to B. pseudohinzii-negative Crl:CD1-Elite surrogate dams. To evaluate antibiotic administration, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (TMS; 0.66 and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively) and tetracycline (4.5 mg/mL) were administered in the drinking water. We assessed 3 antibiotic treatment groups with 12 B. pseudohinzii-positive cages per group (6 cages of CD1 and 6 cages of C57BL/6 mice): TMS for 4 wk, TMS for 6 wk, and tetracycline for 6 wk. Of the 29 litters that underwent cross-foster rederivation, 24 were negative for B. pseudohinzii. Five of the 12 cages treated with TMS for 4 wk and 1 of the 12 cages treated with TMS for 6 wk were negative for B. pseudohinzii at 2 wk after treatment. Three of the 12 cages treated with tetracycline were negative for B. pseudohinzii at 2 wk after treatment. Pearson χ2 analysis revealed significant association between the method of eradication (cross-foster rederivation compared with antibiotic administration) and B. pseudohinzii infection, and an odds-ratio estimate from a logistic regression demonstrated that cross-foster rederivation was more successful. Whereas antibiotic administration in the drinking water failed to eradicate B. pseudohinzii, cross-foster rederivation was successful and has been used to establish a B. pseudohinzii-negative barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Jeanette E Purcell
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xuan Bi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Fortman
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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