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Gandikota C, Vaddadi K, Sivasami P, Huang C, Liang Y, Pushparaj S, Deng X, Channappanava R, Metcalf JP, Liu L. The use of human iPSC-derived alveolar organoids to explore SARS-CoV-2 variant infections and host responses. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29579. [PMID: 38572923 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets the respiratory system. Physiologically relevant human lung models are indispensable to investigate virus-induced host response and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolar organoids (AOs) using an established protocol that recapitulates the sequential steps of in vivo lung development. AOs express alveolar epithelial type II cell protein markers including pro-surfactant protein C and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 3. Compared to primary human alveolar type II cells, AOs expressed higher mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) and basigin (CD147). Considering the localization of ACE2 on the apical side in AOs, we used three AO models, apical-in, sheared and apical-out for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All three models of AOs were robustly infected with the SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of ACE2 accessibility. Antibody blocking experiment revealed that ASGR1 was the main receptor for SARS-CoV2 entry from the basolateral in apical-in AOs. AOs supported the replication of SARS-CoV-2 variants WA1, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Zeta and Omicron to a variable degree with WA1 being the highest and Omicron being the least. Transcriptomic profiling of infected AOs revealed the induction of inflammatory and interferon-related pathways with NF-κB signaling being the predominant host response. In summary, iPSC-derived AOs can serve as excellent human lung models to investigate infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host responses from both apical and basolateral sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Gandikota
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kishore Vaddadi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yurong Liang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samuel Pushparaj
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xufang Deng
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rudragouda Channappanava
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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2
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Kumar S, Granados J, Aceves M, Peralta J, Leandro AC, Thomas J, Williams-Blangero S, Curran JE, Blangero J. Pre-Infection Innate Immunity Attenuates SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Viral Load in iPSC-Derived Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cells. Cells 2024; 13:369. [PMID: 38474333 PMCID: PMC10931100 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A large portion of the heterogeneity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity of illness (SOI) remains poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated damage to alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2s) in the distal lung may directly contribute to disease severity and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Our in vitro modeling of SARS-CoV-2 infection in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AT2s from 10 different individuals showed interindividual variability in infection susceptibility and the postinfection cellular viral load. To understand the underlying mechanism of the AT2's capacity to regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection and cellular viral load, a genome-wide differential gene expression analysis between the mock and SARS-CoV-2 infection-challenged AT2s was performed. The 1393 genes, which were significantly (one-way ANOVA FDR-corrected p ≤ 0.05; FC abs ≥ 2.0) differentially expressed (DE), suggest significant upregulation of viral infection-related cellular innate immune response pathways (p-value ≤ 0.05; activation z-score ≥ 3.5), and significant downregulation of the cholesterol- and xenobiotic-related metabolic pathways (p-value ≤ 0.05; activation z-score ≤ -3.5). Whilst the effect of post-SARS-CoV-2 infection response on the infection susceptibility and postinfection viral load in AT2s is not clear, interestingly, pre-infection (mock-challenged) expression of 238 DE genes showed a high correlation with the postinfection SARS-CoV-2 viral load (FDR-corrected p-value ≤ 0.05 and r2-absolute ≥ 0.57). The 85 genes whose expression was negatively correlated with the viral load showed significant enrichment in viral recognition and cytokine-mediated innate immune GO biological processes (p-value range: 4.65 × 10-10 to 2.24 × 10-6). The 153 genes whose expression was positively correlated with the viral load showed significant enrichment in cholesterol homeostasis, extracellular matrix, and MAPK/ERK pathway-related GO biological processes (p-value range: 5.06 × 10-5 to 6.53 × 10-4). Overall, our results strongly suggest that AT2s' pre-infection innate immunity and metabolic state affect their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (J.G.); (M.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Jose Granados
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (J.G.); (M.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Miriam Aceves
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (J.G.); (M.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Juan Peralta
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Ana C. Leandro
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
| | - John Thomas
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (J.G.); (M.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Sarah Williams-Blangero
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
| | - John Blangero
- Division of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA; (J.P.); (A.C.L.); (S.W.-B.); (J.E.C.); (J.B.)
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Sevinc Ozdemir N, Belyaev D, Castro MN, Balakin S, Opitz J, Wihadmadyatami H, Anggraeni R, Yucel D, Kenar H, Beshchasna N, Ana ID, Hasirci V. Advances in In Vitro Blood-Air Barrier Models and the Use of Nanoparticles in COVID-19 Research. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:82-96. [PMID: 37597193 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory infections caused by coronaviruses (CoVs) have become a major public health concern in the past two decades as revealed by the emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. The most severe clinical phenotypes commonly arise from exacerbation of immune response following the infection of alveolar epithelial cells localized at the pulmonary blood-air barrier. Preclinical rodent models do not adequately represent the essential genetic properties of the barrier, thus necessitating the use of humanized transgenic models. However, existing monolayer cell culture models have so far been unable to mimic the complex lung microenvironment. In this respect, air-liquid interface models, tissue engineered models, and organ-on-a-chip systems, which aim to better imitate the infection site microenvironment and microphysiology, are being developed to replace the commonly used monolayer cell culture models, and their use is becoming more widespread every day. On the contrary, studies on the development of nanoparticles (NPs) that mimic respiratory viruses, and those NPs used in therapy are progressing rapidly. The first part of this review describes in vitro models that mimic the blood-air barrier, the tissue interface that plays a central role in COVID-19 progression. In the second part of the review, NPs mimicking the virus and/or designed to carry therapeutic agents are explained and exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neval Sevinc Ozdemir
- Acibadem University (ACU) Biomaterials A&R Center, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, ACU Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- ACU Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dmitry Belyaev
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche Straße 2, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Nieto Castro
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche Straße 2, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Balakin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche Straße 2, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joerg Opitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche Straße 2, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rahmi Anggraeni
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deniz Yucel
- Acibadem University (ACU) Biomaterials A&R Center, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
- ACU Graduate Department of Biomaterials, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, ACU School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halime Kenar
- Acibadem University (ACU) Biomaterials A&R Center, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
- ACU Graduate Department of Biomaterials, Istanbul, Turkey
- ACU Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Natalia Beshchasna
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche Straße 2, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) and Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- Acibadem University (ACU) Biomaterials A&R Center, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
- ACU Graduate Department of Biomaterials, Istanbul, Turkey
- ACU Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- BIOMATEN, METU Ctr. of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Sun YL, Hennessey EE, Heins H, Yang P, Villacorta-Martin C, Kwan J, Gopalan K, James M, Emili A, Cole FS, Wambach JA, Kotton DN. Human pluripotent stem cell modeling of alveolar type 2 cell dysfunction caused by ABCA3 mutations. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e164274. [PMID: 38226623 PMCID: PMC10786693 DOI: 10.1172/jci164274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ATP-binding cassette A3 (ABCA3), a phospholipid transporter critical for surfactant homeostasis in pulmonary alveolar type II epithelial cells (AEC2s), are the most common genetic causes of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). Treatments for patients with pathological variants of ABCA3 mutations are limited, in part due to a lack of understanding of disease pathogenesis resulting from an inability to access primary AEC2s from affected children. Here, we report the generation of AEC2s from affected patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying homozygous versions of multiple ABCA3 mutations. We generated syngeneic CRISPR/Cas9 gene-corrected and uncorrected iPSCs and ABCA3-mutant knockin ABCA3:GFP fusion reporter lines for in vitro disease modeling. We observed an expected decreased capacity for surfactant secretion in ABCA3-mutant iPSC-derived AEC2s (iAEC2s), but we also found an unexpected epithelial-intrinsic aberrant phenotype in mutant iAEC2s, presenting as diminished progenitor potential, increased NFκB signaling, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The ABCA3:GFP fusion reporter permitted mutant-specific, quantifiable characterization of lamellar body size and ABCA3 protein trafficking, functional features that are perturbed depending on ABCA3 mutation type. Our disease model provides a platform for understanding ABCA3 mutation-mediated mechanisms of alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction that may trigger chILD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang L. Sun
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin E. Hennessey
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hillary Heins
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julian Kwan
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krithi Gopalan
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianne James
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F. Sessions Cole
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Wambach
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Toth A, Kannan P, Snowball J, Kofron M, Wayman JA, Bridges JP, Miraldi ER, Swarr D, Zacharias WJ. Alveolar epithelial progenitor cells require Nkx2-1 to maintain progenitor-specific epigenomic state during lung homeostasis and regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8452. [PMID: 38114516 PMCID: PMC10775890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial regeneration after acute injury requires coordination cellular coordination to pattern the morphologically complex alveolar gas exchange surface. During adult lung regeneration, Wnt-responsive alveolar epithelial progenitor (AEP) cells, a subset of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, proliferate and transition to alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells. Here, we report a refined primary murine alveolar organoid, which recapitulates critical aspects of in vivo regeneration. Paired scRNAseq and scATACseq followed by transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) analysis identified two AT1 transition states driven by distinct regulatory networks controlled in part by differential activity of Nkx2-1. Genetic ablation of Nkx2-1 in AEP-derived organoids was sufficient to cause transition to a proliferative stressed Krt8+ state, and AEP-specific deletion of Nkx2-1 in adult mice led to rapid loss of progenitor state and uncontrolled growth of Krt8+ cells. Together, these data implicate dynamic epigenetic maintenance via Nkx2-1 as central to the control of facultative progenitor activity in AEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toth
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paranthaman Kannan
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John Snowball
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Bio-Imaging and Analysis Facility, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A Wayman
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James P Bridges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily R Miraldi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Swarr
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William J Zacharias
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Assou S, Ahmed E, Morichon L, Nasri A, Foisset F, Bourdais C, Gros N, Tieo S, Petit A, Vachier I, Muriaux D, Bourdin A, De Vos J. The Transcriptome Landscape of the In Vitro Human Airway Epithelium Response to SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12017. [PMID: 37569398 PMCID: PMC10418806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway-liquid interface cultures of primary epithelial cells and of induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived airway epithelial cells (ALI and iALI, respectively) are physiologically relevant models for respiratory virus infection studies because they can mimic the in vivo human bronchial epithelium. Here, we investigated gene expression profiles in human airway cultures (ALI and iALI models), infected or not with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), using our own and publicly available bulk and single-cell transcriptome datasets. SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increased the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (IFI44, IFIT1, IFIT3, IFI35, IRF9, MX1, OAS1, OAS3 and ISG15) and inflammatory genes (NFKBIA, CSF1, FOSL1, IL32 and CXCL10) by day 4 post-infection, indicating activation of the interferon and immune responses to the virus. Extracellular matrix genes (ITGB6, ITGB1 and GJA1) were also altered in infected cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection damaged the respiratory epithelium, particularly mature ciliated cells. The expression of genes encoding intercellular communication and adhesion proteins was also deregulated, suggesting a mechanism to promote shedding of infected epithelial cells. These data demonstrate that ALI/iALI models help to explain the airway epithelium response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are a key tool for developing COVID-19 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Assou
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (L.M.); (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.B.); (J.D.V.)
| | - Engi Ahmed
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (L.M.); (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.B.); (J.D.V.)
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.P.); (I.V.)
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Lisa Morichon
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (L.M.); (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.B.); (J.D.V.)
- CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UAR3725, 34090 Montpellier, France; (N.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Amel Nasri
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (L.M.); (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.B.); (J.D.V.)
| | - Florent Foisset
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (L.M.); (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.B.); (J.D.V.)
| | - Carine Bourdais
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (L.M.); (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.B.); (J.D.V.)
| | - Nathalie Gros
- CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UAR3725, 34090 Montpellier, France; (N.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Sonia Tieo
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Aurelie Petit
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.P.); (I.V.)
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.P.); (I.V.)
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UAR3725, 34090 Montpellier, France; (N.G.); (D.M.)
- IRIM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR9004, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.P.); (I.V.)
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (L.M.); (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.B.); (J.D.V.)
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
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7
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Kim MJ, Kim S, Kim H, Gil D, Han HJ, Thimmulappa RK, Choi JH, Kim JH. Reciprocal enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus replication in human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung organoids. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2211685. [PMID: 37161660 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2211685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (FLUAV) coinfections were associated with severe respiratory failure and more deaths. Because of the lack of a relevant lung model system, the pathobiology of co-infections between SARS-CoV-2 and FLUAV remains less understood. Here, we developed a model for studying SARS-CoV-2 and FLUAV coinfection using human pluripotent stem cell-induced alveolar type II organoids (hiAT2). hiAT2 organoids were susceptible to infection by both viruses and had features of severe lung damage. We found that infection with a single virus markedly enhanced the susceptibility to other virus infections and was linked with the upregulation of respective cell entry receptors. SARS-CoV-2 delta variants upregulated α-2-3-linked sialic acid, while FLUAV upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was mediated by the FLUAV infection rather than individual viral proteins. RNA sequencing revealed that coinfection by SARS-CoV-2 and FLUAV caused hyperactivation of proinflammatory and immune-related signaling pathways and cellular damage compared to a respective single virus in hiAT2 organoids. Together, these studies established a relevant lung model system of hiAT2 organoids for understanding the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and FLUAV coinfection. This study also provides insight into molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced infectivity and severity in patients with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and FLUAV, which may aid in the development of newer therapeutics for the prevention and management of such co-infection cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases Research, Department of Chronic Diseases Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
- Korea National Stem Cell Bank, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sumi Kim
- Division of Acute Viral Disease, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- Division of Acute Viral Disease, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dayeon Gil
- Division of Intractable Diseases Research, Department of Chronic Diseases Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
- Korea National Stem Cell Bank, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Han
- Division of Intractable Diseases Research, Department of Chronic Diseases Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
- Korea National Stem Cell Bank, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Rajesh K Thimmulappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Jang-Hoon Choi
- Division of Acute Viral Disease, Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Intractable Diseases Research, Department of Chronic Diseases Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
- Korea National Stem Cell Bank, Cheongju, South Korea
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8
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Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Air-liquid interface (ALI) impact on different respiratory cell cultures. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:62-82. [PMID: 36696943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route has been receiving greater attention from the scientific community not only for systemic drug delivery but also for the treatment of pulmonary and neurological diseases. Along with it, drug transport and permeability studies across the nasal mucosa have exponentially increased. Nevertheless, the translation of data from in vitro cell lines to in vivo studies is not always reliable, due to the difficulty in generating an in vitro model that resembles respiratory human physiology. Among all currently available methodologies, the air-liquid interface (ALI) method is advantageous to promote cell differentiation and optimize the morphological and histological characteristics of airway epithelium cells. Cells grown under ALI conditions, in alternative to submerged conditions, appear to provide relevant input for inhalation and pulmonary toxicology and complement in vivo experiments. Different methodologies and a variety of materials have been used to induce ALI conditions in primary cells and numerous cell lines. Until this day, with only exploratory results, no consensus has been reached regarding the validation of the ALI method, hampering data comparison. The present review describes the most adequate cell models of airway epithelium and how these models are differently affected by ALI conditions. It includes the evaluation of cellular features before and after ALI, and the application of the method in primary cell cultures, commercial 3D primary cells, cell lines and stem-cell derived models. A variety of these models have been recently applied for pharmacological studies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(-2) SARS-CoV(-2), namely primary cultures with alveolar type II epithelium cells and organotypic 3D models. The herein compiled data suggest that ALI conditions must be optimized bearing in mind the type of cells (nasal, bronchial, alveolar), their origin and the objective of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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9
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Karami Z, Moradi S, Eidi A, Soleimani M, Jafarian A. Induced pluripotent stem cells: Generation methods and a new perspective in COVID-19 research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1050856. [PMID: 36733338 PMCID: PMC9887183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) exhibit an unlimited ability to self-renew and produce various differentiated cell types, thereby creating high hopes for both scientists and patients as a great tool for basic research as well as for regenerative medicine purposes. The availability and safety of iPSCs for therapeutic purposes require safe and highly efficient methods for production of these cells. Different methods have been used to produce iPSCs, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Studying these methods would be very helpful in developing an easy, safe, and efficient method for the generation of iPSCs. Since iPSCs can be generated from somatic cells, they can be considered as valuable cellular resources available for important research needs and various therapeutic purposes. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease that has endangered numerous human lives worldwide and currently has no definitive cure. Therefore, researchers have been rigorously studying and examining all aspects of COVID-19 and potential treatment modalities and various drugs in order to enable the treatment, control, and prevention of COVID-19. iPSCs have become one of the most attractive and promising tools in this field by providing the ability to study COVID-19 and the effectiveness of drugs on this disease outside the human body. In this study, we discuss the different methods of generation of iPSCs as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. We also present recent applications of iPSCs in the study and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karami
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- 2Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- 3Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,4Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Jafarian
- 5Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Arefeh Jafarian,
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Kotasová H, Capandová M, Pelková V, Dumková J, Koledová Z, Remšík J, Souček K, Garlíková Z, Sedláková V, Rabata A, Vaňhara P, Moráň L, Pečinka L, Porokh V, Kučírek M, Streit L, Havel J, Hampl A. Expandable Lung Epithelium Differentiated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1033-1050. [PMID: 35670910 PMCID: PMC9478014 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progenitors to lung airway epithelium that are capable of long-term propagation may represent an attractive source of cells for cell-based therapies, disease modeling, toxicity testing, and others. Principally, there are two main options for obtaining lung epithelial progenitors: (i) direct isolation of endogenous progenitors from human lungs and (ii) in vitro differentiation from some other cell type. The prime candidates for the second approach are pluripotent stem cells, which may provide autologous and/or allogeneic cell resource in clinically relevant quality and quantity. METHODS By exploiting the differentiation potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESC), here we derived expandable lung epithelium (ELEP) and established culture conditions for their long-term propagation (more than 6 months) in a monolayer culture without a need of 3D culture conditions and/or cell sorting steps, which minimizes potential variability of the outcome. RESULTS These hESC-derived ELEP express NK2 Homeobox 1 (NKX2.1), a marker of early lung epithelial lineage, display properties of cells in early stages of surfactant production and are able to differentiate to cells exhibitting molecular and morphological characteristics of both respiratory epithelium of airway and alveolar regions. CONCLUSION Expandable lung epithelium thus offer a stable, convenient, easily scalable and high-yielding cell source for applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kotasová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Capandová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Pelková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koledová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Remšík
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Current Address: Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Karel Souček
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Garlíková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Sedláková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anas Rabata
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vaňhara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Moráň
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Pečinka
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Porokh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kučírek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Streit
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Havel
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Herminghaus A, Kozlov AV, Szabó A, Hantos Z, Gylstorff S, Kuebart A, Aghapour M, Wissuwa B, Walles T, Walles H, Coldewey SM, Relja B. A Barrier to Defend - Models of Pulmonary Barrier to Study Acute Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895100. [PMID: 35874776 PMCID: PMC9300899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases represent four out of ten most common causes for worldwide mortality. Thus, pulmonary infections with subsequent inflammatory responses represent a major public health concern. The pulmonary barrier is a vulnerable entry site for several stress factors, including pathogens such as viruses, and bacteria, but also environmental factors e.g. toxins, air pollutants, as well as allergens. These pathogens or pathogen-associated molecular pattern and inflammatory agents e.g. damage-associated molecular pattern cause significant disturbances in the pulmonary barrier. The physiological and biological functions, as well as the architecture and homeostatic maintenance of the pulmonary barrier are highly complex. The airway epithelium, denoting the first pulmonary barrier, encompasses cells releasing a plethora of chemokines and cytokines, and is further covered with a mucus layer containing antimicrobial peptides, which are responsible for the pathogen clearance. Submucosal antigen-presenting cells and neutrophilic granulocytes are also involved in the defense mechanisms and counterregulation of pulmonary infections, and thus may directly affect the pulmonary barrier function. The detailed understanding of the pulmonary barrier including its architecture and functions is crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment strategies of pulmonary diseases. Thus, considering multiple side effects and limited efficacy of current therapeutic treatment strategies in patients with inflammatory diseases make experimental in vitro and in vivo models necessary to improving clinical therapy options. This review describes existing models for studyying the pulmonary barrier function under acute inflammatory conditions, which are meant to improve the translational approaches for outcome predictions, patient monitoring, and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Kozlov
- L Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with AUVA and Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Human Pathology , IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hantos
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Severin Gylstorff
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Septomics Research Centre, Centre for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Walles
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Magdeburg University Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Core Facility Tissue Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Septomics Research Centre, Centre for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Borna Relja,
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12
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Surendran H, Kumar S, Narasimhaiah S, Ananthamurthy A, Varghese PS, D'Souza GA, Medigeshi G, Pal R. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived lung lineage cells evokes inflammatory and chemosensory responses by targeting mitochondrial pathways. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2913-2928. [PMID: 35460571 PMCID: PMC9088312 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the lung, particularly the proximal airway and distal alveolar cells. NKX2.1+ primordial lung progenitors of the foregut (anterior) endoderm are the developmental precursors to all adult lung epithelial lineages and are postulated to play an important role in viral tropism. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 readily infected and replicated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived proximal airway cells, distal alveolar cells, and lung progenitors. In addition to the upregulation of antiviral defense and immune responses, transcriptomics data uncovered a robust epithelial cell-specific response, including perturbation of metabolic processes and disruption in the alveolar maturation program. We also identified spatiotemporal dysregulation of mitochondrial heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), which is associated with defense against antioxidant-induced lung injury. Cytokines, such as TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-13, were upregulated in infected cells sparking mitochondrial ROS production and change in electron transport chain complexes. Increased mitochondrial ROS then activated additional proinflammatory cytokines leading to an aberrant cell cycle resulting in apoptosis. Notably, we are the first to report a chemosensory response resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection similar to that seen in COVID-19 patients. Some of our key findings were validated using COVID-19-affected postmortem lung tissue sections. These results suggest that our in vitro system could serve as a suitable model to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to discover and test therapeutic drugs against COVID-19 or its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Surendran
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C‐CAMP)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI)FaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Swathi Narasimhaiah
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C‐CAMP)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - PS Varghese
- St John's Medical CollegeBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - Guruprasad Medigeshi
- Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI)FaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C‐CAMP)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
- The University of Trans‐disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
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13
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Nchioua R, Schundner A, Kmiec D, Prelli Bozzo C, Zech F, Koepke L, Graf A, Krebs S, Blum H, Frick M, Sparrer KMJ, Kirchhoff F. SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Hijack IFITM2 for Efficient Replication in Human Lung Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0059422. [PMID: 35543509 PMCID: PMC9175628 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00594-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been shown that an early SARS-CoV-2 isolate (NL-02-2020) hijacks interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) for efficient replication in human lung cells, cardiomyocytes, and gut organoids. To date, several "variants of concern" (VOCs) showing increased infectivity and resistance to neutralization have emerged and globally replaced the early viral strains. Here, we determined whether the five current SARS-CoV-2 VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) maintained the dependency on IFITM proteins for efficient replication. We found that depletion of IFITM2 strongly reduces viral RNA production by all VOCs in the human epithelial lung cancer cell line Calu-3. Silencing of IFITM1 had modest effects, while knockdown of IFITM3 resulted in an intermediate phenotype. Strikingly, depletion of IFITM2 generally reduced infectious virus production by more than 4 orders of magnitude. In addition, an antibody directed against the N terminus of IFITM2 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 VOC replication in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolar epithelial type II cells, thought to represent major viral target cells in the lung. In conclusion, endogenously expressed IFITM proteins (especially IFITM2) are critical cofactors for efficient replication of genuine SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, including the currently dominant Omicron variant. IMPORTANCE Recent data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 requires endogenously expressed IFITM proteins for efficient infection. However, the results were obtained with an early SARS-CoV-2 isolate. Thus, it remained to be determined whether IFITMs are also important cofactors for infection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs that outcompeted the original strains in the meantime. This includes the Omicron VOC, which currently dominates the pandemic. Here, we show that depletion of endogenous IFITM2 expression almost entirely prevents productive infection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in human lung cells. In addition, an antibody targeting the N terminus of IFITM2 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 VOC replication in iPSC-derived alveolar epithelial type II cells. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, including the currently dominant Omicron variant, are strongly dependent on IFITM2 for efficient replication, suggesting a key proviral role of IFITMs in viral transmission and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Schundner
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorota Kmiec
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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14
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Rofaani E, He Y, Peng J, Chen Y. Epithelial folding of alveolar cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells on artificial basement membrane. Acta Biomater 2022; 163:170-181. [PMID: 35306184 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial folding depends on mechanical properties of both epithelial cells and underlying basement membrane (BM). While folding is essential for tissue morphogenesis and functions, it is difficult to recapitulate features of a growing epithelial monolayer for in vitro modeling due to lack of in vivo like BM. Herein, we report a method to overcome this difficulty by culturing on an artificial basement membrane (ABM) the primordial lung progenitors (PLPs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The ABM was achieved by self-assembling collagen IV and laminin, the two principal natural BM proteins, in the pores of a monolayer of crosslinked gelatin nanofibers deposited on a honeycomb micro-frame. The hiPSC-PLPs were seeded on the ABM for alveolar differentiation under submerged and air-liquid interface culture conditions. As results, the forces generated by the growing epithelial monolayer led to a geometry-dependent folding. Analysis of strain distribution in a clamped membrane provided instrumental insights into some of the observed phenomena. Moreover, the forces generated by the growing epithelial layer led to a high-level expression of surfactant protein C and a high percentage of aquaporin 5 positive cells compared with the results obtained with a nanofiber-covered bulk substrate. Thus, this work demonstrated the importance of recapitulating natural BM for advanced epithelial modeling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The effort to develop in vitro epithelial models has not been entirely successful to date, due to lack of in vivo like basement membrane (BM). This lack has been overcome by using a microfabricated dense thin and pliable sheet like structure made of natural BM proteins. With such an artificial BM, alveolar epithelial deformation and folding could be studied and date could be correlated to numerical analyses of a plate theory. This method is simple and effective, enabling further developments in epithelial tissue modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrade Rofaani
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France; National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Yong He
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Juan Peng
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Yong Chen
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France.
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15
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Sauler M, McDonough JE, Adams TS, Kothapalli N, Barnthaler T, Werder RB, Schupp JC, Nouws J, Robertson MJ, Coarfa C, Yang T, Chioccioli M, Omote N, Cosme C, Poli S, Ayaub EA, Chu SG, Jensen KH, Gomez JL, Britto CJ, Raredon MSB, Niklason LE, Wilson AA, Timshel PN, Kaminski N, Rosas IO. Characterization of the COPD alveolar niche using single-cell RNA sequencing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:494. [PMID: 35078977 PMCID: PMC8789871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, however our understanding of cell specific mechanisms underlying COPD pathobiology remains incomplete. Here, we analyze single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of explanted lung tissue from subjects with advanced COPD or control lungs, and we validate findings using single-cell RNA sequencing of lungs from mice exposed to 10 months of cigarette smoke, RNA sequencing of isolated human alveolar epithelial cells, functional in vitro models, and in situ hybridization and immunostaining of human lung tissue samples. We identify a subpopulation of alveolar epithelial type II cells with transcriptional evidence for aberrant cellular metabolism and reduced cellular stress tolerance in COPD. Using transcriptomic network analyses, we predict capillary endothelial cells are inflamed in COPD, particularly through increased CXCL-motif chemokine signaling. Finally, we detect a high-metallothionein expressing macrophage subpopulation enriched in advanced COPD. Collectively, these findings highlight cell-specific mechanisms involved in the pathobiology of advanced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - John E McDonough
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neeharika Kothapalli
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Barnthaler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Nouws
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J Robertson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maurizio Chioccioli
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Norihito Omote
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Cosme
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sergio Poli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ehab A Ayaub
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah G Chu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jose L Gomez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Micha Sam B Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Calkovska A, Kolomaznik M, Calkovsky V. Alveolar type II cells and pulmonary surfactant in COVID-19 era. Physiol Res 2021; 70:S195-S208. [PMID: 34913352 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of pulmonary surfactant in the host defense against respiratory pathogens, including novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In the lower respiratory system, the virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in conjunction with serine protease TMPRSS2, expressed by alveolar type II (ATII) cells as one of the SARS-CoV-2 target cells, to enter. ATII cells are the main source of surfactant. After their infection and the resulting damage, the consequences may be severe and may include injury to the alveolar-capillary barrier, lung edema, inflammation, ineffective gas exchange, impaired lung mechanics and reduced oxygenation, which resembles acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of other etiology. The aim of this review is to highlight the key role of ATII cells and reduced surfactant in the pathogenesis of the respiratory form of COVID-19 and to emphasize the rational basis for exogenous surfactant therapy in COVID-19 ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calkovska
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic; Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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17
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Application of the Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genomics in Cardiovascular Research-What We Have Learnt and Not Learnt until Now. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113112. [PMID: 34831333 PMCID: PMC8623147 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized regenerative medicine and biomedical research have been galvanized and revolutionized by human pluripotent stem cells in combination with recent advances in genomics, artificial intelligence, and genome engineering. More recently, we have witnessed the unprecedented breakthrough life-saving translation of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 to contain the global pandemic and the investment in billions of US dollars in space exploration projects and the blooming space-tourism industry fueled by the latest reusable space vessels. Now, it is time to examine where the translation of pluripotent stem cell research stands currently, which has been touted for more than the last two decades to cure and treat millions of patients with severe debilitating degenerative diseases and tissue injuries. This review attempts to highlight the accomplishments of pluripotent stem cell research together with cutting-edge genomics and genome editing tools and, also, the promises that have still not been transformed into clinical applications, with cardiovascular research as a case example. This review also brings to our attention the scientific and socioeconomic challenges that need to be effectively addressed to see the full potential of pluripotent stem cells at the clinical bedside.
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18
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Bluhmki T, Traub S, Müller AK, Bitzer S, Schruf E, Bammert MT, Leist M, Gantner F, Garnett JP, Heilker R. Functional human iPSC-derived alveolar-like cells cultured in a miniaturized 96‑Transwell air-liquid interface model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17028. [PMID: 34426605 PMCID: PMC8382767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to circumvent the limited access and donor variability of human primary alveolar cells, directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into alveolar-like cells, provides a promising tool for respiratory disease modeling and drug discovery assays. In this work, a unique, miniaturized 96-Transwell microplate system is described where hiPSC-derived alveolar-like cells were cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). To this end, hiPSCs were differentiated into lung epithelial progenitor cells (LPCs) and subsequently matured into a functional alveolar type 2 (AT2)-like epithelium with monolayer-like morphology. AT2-like cells cultured at the physiological ALI conditions displayed characteristics of AT2 cells with classical alveolar surfactant protein expressions and lamellar-body like structures. The integrity of the epithelial barriers between the AT2-like cells was confirmed by applying a custom-made device for 96-parallelized transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) measurements. In order to generate an IPF disease-like phenotype in vitro, the functional AT2-like cells were stimulated with cytokines and growth factors present in the alveolar tissue of IPF patients. The cytokines stimulated the secretion of pro-fibrotic biomarker proteins both on the mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) and protein level. Thus, the hiPSC-derived and cellular model system enables the recapitulation of certain IPF hallmarks, while paving the route towards a miniaturized medium throughput approach of pharmaceutical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bluhmki
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Traub
- Trenzyme GmbH, Byk-Gulden-Str. 2, 78467, Constance, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Bitzer
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Eva Schruf
- Department of Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Bammert
- Department of Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In-vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Florian Gantner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, C. H. Boehringer Sohn AG & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - James P Garnett
- Department of Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ralf Heilker
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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19
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Chen KG, Park K, Spence JR. Studying SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and therapeutic responses with complex organoids. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:822-833. [PMID: 34341531 PMCID: PMC8355201 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical management of patients with severe complications of COVID-19 has been hindered by a lack of effective drugs and a failure to capture the extensive heterogeneity of the disease with conventional methods. Here we review the emerging roles of complex organoids in the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection, modelling of COVID-19 disease pathology and in drug, antibody and vaccine development. We discuss opportunities for COVID-19 research and remaining challenges in the application of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kyeyoon Park
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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From Cells to Organs: The Present and Future of Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:135-149. [PMID: 34327664 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine promises a bright future where damaged body parts can be restored, rejuvenated, and replaced. The application of regenerative medicine is interdisciplinary and covers nearly all fields of medical sciences and molecular engineering. This review provides a road map on how regenerative medicine is applied on the levels of cell, tissue, and organ and summarizes the advantages and limitation of human pluripotent stem cells in disease modeling and regenerative application.
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21
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van der Vaart J, Lamers MM, Haagmans BL, Clevers H. Advancing lung organoids for COVID-19 research. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:269286. [PMID: 34219165 PMCID: PMC8272930 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the need to develop effective treatments to combat emerging viruses. Model systems that poorly represent a virus' cellular environment, however, may impede research and waste resources. Collaborations between cell biologists and virologists have led to the rapid development of representative organoid model systems to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We believe that lung organoids, in particular, have advanced our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and have laid a foundation to study future pandemic viruses and develop effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelte van der Vaart
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
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22
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Thacker VV, Sharma K, Dhar N, Mancini G, Sordet‐Dessimoz J, McKinney JD. Rapid endotheliitis and vascular damage characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human lung-on-chip model. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52744. [PMID: 33908688 PMCID: PMC8183417 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection are characterized by hypercoagulopathies and systemic endotheliitis of the lung microvasculature. The dynamics of vascular damage, and whether it is a direct consequence of endothelial infection or an indirect consequence of an immune cell-mediated cytokine storm remain unknown. Using a vascularized lung-on-chip model, we find that infection of alveolar epithelial cells leads to limited apical release of virions, consistent with reports of monoculture infection. However, viral RNA and proteins are rapidly detected in underlying endothelial cells, which are themselves refractory to apical infection in monocultures. Although endothelial infection is unproductive, it leads to the formation of cell clusters with low CD31 expression, a progressive loss of barrier integrity and a pro-coagulatory microenvironment. Viral RNA persists in individual cells generating an inflammatory response, which is transient in epithelial cells but persistent in endothelial cells and typified by IL-6 secretion even in the absence of immune cells. Inhibition of IL-6 signalling with tocilizumab reduces but does not prevent loss of barrier integrity. SARS-CoV-2-mediated endothelial cell damage thus occurs independently of cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek V Thacker
- Global Health InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Kunal Sharma
- Global Health InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Neeraj Dhar
- Global Health InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Gian‐Filippo Mancini
- Histology Core FacilityEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - John D McKinney
- Global Health InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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23
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de Dios-Figueroa GT, Aguilera-Marquez JDR, Camacho-Villegas TA, Lugo-Fabres PH. 3D Cell Culture Models in COVID-19 Times: A Review of 3D Technologies to Understand and Accelerate Therapeutic Drug Discovery. Biomedicines 2021; 9:602. [PMID: 34073231 PMCID: PMC8226796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, emerging viruses have become a worldwide concern. The fast and extensive spread of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has impacted the economy and human activity worldwide, highlighting the human vulnerability to infectious diseases and the need to develop and optimize technologies to tackle them. The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models emulate major tissue characteristics such as the in vivo virus-host interactions. These systems may help to generate a quick response to confront new viruses, establish a reliable evaluation of the pathophysiology, and contribute to therapeutic drug evaluation in pandemic situations such as the one that humanity is living through today. This review describes different types of 3D cell culture models, such as spheroids, scaffolds, organoids, and organs-on-a-chip, that are used in virus research, including those used to understand the new severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Tonantzin de Dios-Figueroa
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico; (G.T.d.D.-F.); (J.d.R.A.-M.)
| | - Janette del Rocío Aguilera-Marquez
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico; (G.T.d.D.-F.); (J.d.R.A.-M.)
| | - Tanya A. Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT-Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico;
| | - Pavel H. Lugo-Fabres
- CONACYT-Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de las Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico;
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24
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Mata-Miranda MM, Sanchez-Brito M, Vazquez-Zapien GJ. Different kinds of stem cells in the development of SARS-CoV-2 treatments. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:439-451. [PMID: 34136074 PMCID: PMC8176846 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i5.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization officially announced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as an emerging recent pandemic illness, which currently has approximately taken the life of two million persons in more than 200 countries. Medical, clinical, and scientific efforts have focused on searching for new prevention and treatment strategies. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering focused on using stem cells (SCs) have become a promising tool, and the regenerative and immunoregulatory capabilities of mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) and their exosomes have been demonstrated. Moreover, it has been essential to establishing models to reproduce the viral life cycle and mimic the pathology of COVID-19 to understand the virus's behavior. The fields of pluripotent SCs (PSCs), induced PSCs (iPSCs), and artificial iPSCs have been used for this purpose in the development of infection models or organoids. Nevertheless, some inconveniences have been declared in SC use; for example, it has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is highly expressed in MSCs, so it is important to continue investigating the employment of SCs in COVID-19, taking into consideration their advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we expose the use of different kinds of SCs and their derivatives for studying the SARS-CoV-2 behavior and develop treatments to counter COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Sanchez-Brito
- Computational Sciences, TecNM/Technological Institute of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20256, Mexico
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25
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Kiener M, Roldan N, Machahua C, Sengupta A, Geiser T, Guenat OT, Funke-Chambour M, Hobi N, Kruithof-de Julio M. Human-Based Advanced in vitro Approaches to Investigate Lung Fibrosis and Pulmonary Effects of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:644678. [PMID: 34026781 PMCID: PMC8139419 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.644678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused considerable socio-economic burden, which fueled the development of treatment strategies and vaccines at an unprecedented speed. However, our knowledge on disease recovery is sparse and concerns about long-term pulmonary impairments are increasing. Causing a broad spectrum of symptoms, COVID-19 can manifest as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the most severely affected patients. Notably, pulmonary infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causing agent of COVID-19, induces diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) followed by fibrotic remodeling and persistent reduced oxygenation in some patients. It is currently not known whether tissue scaring fully resolves or progresses to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The most aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a fatal disease that progressively destroys alveolar architecture by uncontrolled fibroblast proliferation and the deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. It is assumed that micro-injuries to the alveolar epithelium may be induced by inhalation of micro-particles, pathophysiological mechanical stress or viral infections, which can result in abnormal wound healing response. However, the exact underlying causes and molecular mechanisms of lung fibrosis are poorly understood due to the limited availability of clinically relevant models. Recently, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 with the urgent need to investigate its pathogenesis and address drug options, has led to the broad application of in vivo and in vitro models to study lung diseases. In particular, advanced in vitro models including precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), lung organoids, 3D in vitro tissues and lung-on-chip (LOC) models have been successfully employed for drug screens. In order to gain a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and ultimately alveolar tissue regeneration, it will be crucial to optimize the available models for SARS-CoV-2 infection in multicellular systems that recapitulate tissue regeneration and fibrotic remodeling. Current evidence for SARS-CoV-2 mediated pulmonary fibrosis and a selection of classical and novel lung models will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Kiener
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nuria Roldan
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Machahua
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Thierry Guenat
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Funke-Chambour
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hobi
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Alveolix AG, Swiss Organs-on-Chip Innovation, Bern, Switzerland
- Organoid Core, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Kanimozhi G, Pradhapsingh B, Singh Pawar C, Khan HA, Alrokayan SH, Prasad NR. SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, Molecular Targets and Experimental Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638334. [PMID: 33967772 PMCID: PMC8100521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recent pandemic outbreak threatening human beings worldwide. This novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection causes severe morbidity and mortality and rapidly spreading across the countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for basic fundamental research to understand the pathogenesis and druggable molecular targets of SARS-CoV-2. Recent sequencing data of the viral genome and X-ray crystallographic data of the viral proteins illustrate potential molecular targets that need to be investigated for structure-based drug design. Further, the SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogen isolated from clinical samples needs to be cultivated and titrated. All of these scenarios demand suitable laboratory experimental models. The experimental models should mimic the viral life cycle as it happens in the human lung epithelial cells. Recently, researchers employing primary human lung epithelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells, experimental cell lines like Vero cells, CaCo-2 cells, HEK-293, H1299, Calu-3 for understanding viral titer values. The human iPSC-derived lung organoids, small intestinal organoids, and blood vessel organoids increase interest among researchers to understand SARS-CoV-2 biology and treatment outcome. The SARS-CoV-2 enters the human lung epithelial cells using viral Spike (S1) protein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. The laboratory mouse show poor ACE-2 expression and thereby inefficient SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, there was an urgent need to develop transgenic hACE-2 mouse models to understand antiviral agents' therapeutic outcomes. This review highlighted the viral pathogenesis, potential druggable molecular targets, and suitable experimental models for basic fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kanimozhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dharmapuram Gnanambigai Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, India
| | - B. Pradhapsingh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Charan Singh Pawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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Rosa RB, Dantas WM, do Nascimento JCF, da Silva MV, de Oliveira RN, Pena LJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Studying SARS-CoV-2, the Etiological Agent Responsible for COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses 2021; 13:379. [PMID: 33673614 PMCID: PMC7997194 DOI: 10.3390/v13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted the scientific community to rapidly develop in vitro and in vivo models that could be applied in COVID-19 research. In vitro models include two-dimensional (2D) cultures of immortalized cell lines or primary cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures derived from lung, alveoli, bronchi, and other organs. Although cell-based systems are economic and allow strict control of experimental variables, they do not always resemble physiological conditions. Thus, several in vivo models are being developed, including different strains of mice, hamsters, ferrets, dogs, cats, and non-human primates. In this review, we summarize the main models of SARS-CoV-2 infection developed so far and discuss their advantages, drawbacks and main uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B. Rosa
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (R.B.R.); (J.C.F.d.N.)
- Rodents Animal Facilities Complex, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil;
| | - Willyenne M. Dantas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.M.D.); (R.N.d.O.)
| | - Jessica C. F. do Nascimento
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (R.B.R.); (J.C.F.d.N.)
| | - Murilo V. da Silva
- Rodents Animal Facilities Complex, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil;
| | - Ronaldo N. de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.M.D.); (R.N.d.O.)
| | - Lindomar J. Pena
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (R.B.R.); (J.C.F.d.N.)
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28
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Pandamooz S, Jurek B, Meinung CP, Baharvand Z, Shahem-Abadi AS, Haerteis S, Miyan JA, Downing J, Dianatpour M, Borhani-Haghighi A, Salehi MS. Experimental Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Possible Platforms to Study COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Potential Treatments. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:25-53. [PMID: 33606962 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-121120-012309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus crossed species barriers to infect humans and was effectively transmitted from person to person, leading including vaccines and antiviral drugs that could prevent or limit the burden or transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health priority. It is thus of utmost importance to assess possible therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 using experimental models that recapitulate aspects of the human disease. Here, we review available models currently being developed and used to study SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlight their application to screen potential therapeutic approaches, including repurposed antiviral drugs and vaccines. Each identified model provides a valuable insight into SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage that could ultimately enhance understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and protective immunity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Carl-Philipp Meinung
- Department of Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Zahra Baharvand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - James Downing
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, United Kingdom
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | | | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
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29
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Abstract
Currently, there are no specific and efficient vaccines or drugs for COVID-19, particularly in severe cases. A wide range of variations in the clinical symptoms of different patients attributed to genomic differences. Therefore, personalized treatments seem to play a critical role in improving these symptoms and even similar conditions. Prompted by the uncertainties in the area of COVID-19 therapies, we reviewed the published papers and concepts to gather and provide useful information to clinicians and researchers interested in personalized medicine and cell-based therapy. One novel aspect of this study focuses on the potential application of personalized medicine in treating severe cases of COVID-19. However, it is theoretical, as any real-world examples of the use of genuinely personalized medicine have not existed yet. Nevertheless, we know that stem cells, especially MSCs, have immune-modulatory effects and can be stored for future personalized medicine applications. This theory has been conjugated with some evidence that we review in the present study. Besides, we discuss the importance of personalized medicine and its possible aspects in COVID-19 treatment, then review the cell-based therapy studies for COVID-19 with a particular focus on stem cell-based therapies as a primary personalized tool medicine. However, the idea of cell-based therapy has not been accepted by several scientific communities due to some concerns of lack of satisfactory clinical studies; still, the MSCs and their clinical outcomes have been revealed the safety and potency of this therapeutic approach in several diseases, especially in the immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and some incurable diseases. Promising outcomes have resulted in that clinical studies are going to continue.
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30
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Dobrindt K, Hoagland DA, Seah C, Kassim B, O’Shea CP, Iskhakova M, Fernando MB, Deans PM, Powell SK, Javidfar B, Murphy A, Peter C, Møeller R, Garcia MF, Kimura M, Iwasawa K, Crary J, Kotton DN, Takebe T, Huckins LM, tenOever BR, Akbarian S, Brennand KJ. Common genetic variation in humans impacts in vitro susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.09.20.300574. [PMID: 32995783 PMCID: PMC7523109 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.20.300574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The host response to SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrates significant inter-individual variability. In addition to showing more disease in males, the elderly, and individuals with underlying comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2 can seemingly render healthy individuals with profound clinical complications. We hypothesize that, in addition to viral load and host antibody repertoire, host genetic variants also impact vulnerability to infection. Here we apply human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models and CRISPR-engineering to explore the host genetics of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4702), common in the population at large, and located in the 3'UTR of the protease FURIN, impacts alveolar and neuron infection by SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Thus, we provide a proof-of-principle finding that common genetic variation can impact viral infection, and thus contribute to clinical heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2. Ongoing genetic studies will help to better identify high-risk individuals, predict clinical complications, and facilitate the discovery of drugs that might treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Dobrindt
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Daisy A. Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Carina Seah
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Bibi Kassim
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Callan P. O’Shea
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Marina Iskhakova
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Michael B. Fernando
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - P.J. Michael Deans
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Samuel K. Powell
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ben Javidfar
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Aleta Murphy
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Cyril Peter
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Rasmus Møeller
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Meilin Fernandez Garcia
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM); Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwasawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM); Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - John Crary
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM); Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Benjamin R. tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kristen J. Brennand
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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31
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Huang J, Hume AJ, Abo KM, Werder RB, Villacorta-Martin C, Alysandratos KD, Beermann ML, Simone-Roach C, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Olejnik J, Suder EL, Bullitt E, Hinds A, Sharma A, Bosmann M, Wang R, Hawkins F, Burks EJ, Saeed M, Wilson AA, Mühlberger E, Kotton DN. SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Human Lung Alveolar Type 2 Cells Elicits a Rapid Epithelial-Intrinsic Inflammatory Response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32637964 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.30.175695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The most severe and fatal infections with SARS-CoV-2 result in the acute respiratory distress syndrome, a clinical phenotype of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is associated with virions targeting the epithelium of the distal lung, particularly the facultative progenitors of this tissue, alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2s). Little is known about the initial responses of human lung alveoli to SARS-CoV-2 infection due in part to inability to access these cells from patients, particularly at early stages of disease. Here we present an in vitro human model that simulates the initial apical infection of the distal lung epithelium with SARS-CoV-2, using AT2s that have been adapted to air-liquid interface culture after their derivation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iAT2s). We find that SARS-CoV-2 induces a rapid global transcriptomic change in infected iAT2s characterized by a shift to an inflammatory phenotype predominated by the secretion of cytokines encoded by NF-kB target genes, delayed epithelial interferon responses, and rapid loss of the mature lung alveolar epithelial program. Over time, infected iAT2s exhibit cellular toxicity that can result in the death of these key alveolar facultative progenitors, as is observed in vivo in COVID-19 lung autopsies. Importantly, drug testing using iAT2s confirmed an antiviral dose-response to remdesivir and demonstrated the efficacy of TMPRSS2 protease inhibition, validating a putative mechanism used for viral entry in human alveolar cells. Our model system reveals the cell-intrinsic responses of a key lung target cell to infection, providing a physiologically relevant platform for further drug development and facilitating a deeper understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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