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Kupferschmidt K. Stem cells hint at how bats live with viruses. Science 2023; 379:746. [PMID: 36821670 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Research team hits on formula to create stem cells from tissue of adult bats.
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Surendran H, Kumar S, Narasimhaiah S, Ananthamurthy A, Varghese PS, D'Souza GA, Medigeshi G, Pal R. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived lung lineage cells evokes inflammatory and chemosensory responses by targeting mitochondrial pathways. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2913-2928. [PMID: 35460571 PMCID: PMC9088312 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the lung, particularly the proximal airway and distal alveolar cells. NKX2.1+ primordial lung progenitors of the foregut (anterior) endoderm are the developmental precursors to all adult lung epithelial lineages and are postulated to play an important role in viral tropism. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 readily infected and replicated in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived proximal airway cells, distal alveolar cells, and lung progenitors. In addition to the upregulation of antiviral defense and immune responses, transcriptomics data uncovered a robust epithelial cell-specific response, including perturbation of metabolic processes and disruption in the alveolar maturation program. We also identified spatiotemporal dysregulation of mitochondrial heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), which is associated with defense against antioxidant-induced lung injury. Cytokines, such as TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6, and IL-13, were upregulated in infected cells sparking mitochondrial ROS production and change in electron transport chain complexes. Increased mitochondrial ROS then activated additional proinflammatory cytokines leading to an aberrant cell cycle resulting in apoptosis. Notably, we are the first to report a chemosensory response resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection similar to that seen in COVID-19 patients. Some of our key findings were validated using COVID-19-affected postmortem lung tissue sections. These results suggest that our in vitro system could serve as a suitable model to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to discover and test therapeutic drugs against COVID-19 or its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Surendran
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C‐CAMP)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI)FaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Swathi Narasimhaiah
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C‐CAMP)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - PS Varghese
- St John's Medical CollegeBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - Guruprasad Medigeshi
- Clinical and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI)FaridabadHaryanaIndia
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C‐CAMP)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
- The University of Trans‐disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU)BengaluruKarnatakaIndia
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Hume AJ, Heiden B, Olejnik J, Suder EL, Ross S, Scoon WA, Bullitt E, Ericsson M, White MR, Turcinovic J, Thao TTN, Hekman RM, Kaserman JE, Huang J, Alysandratos KD, Toth GE, Jakab F, Kotton DN, Wilson AA, Emili A, Thiel V, Connor JH, Kemenesi G, Cifuentes D, Mühlberger E. Recombinant Lloviu virus as a tool to study viral replication and host responses. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010268. [PMID: 35120176 PMCID: PMC8849519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing has revealed the presence of numerous RNA viruses in animal reservoir hosts, including many closely related to known human pathogens. Despite their zoonotic potential, most of these viruses remain understudied due to not yet being cultured. While reverse genetic systems can facilitate virus rescue, this is often hindered by missing viral genome ends. A prime example is Lloviu virus (LLOV), an uncultured filovirus that is closely related to the highly pathogenic Ebola virus. Using minigenome systems, we complemented the missing LLOV genomic ends and identified cis-acting elements required for LLOV replication that were lacking in the published sequence. We leveraged these data to generate recombinant full-length LLOV clones and rescue infectious virus. Similar to other filoviruses, recombinant LLOV (rLLOV) forms filamentous virions and induces the formation of characteristic inclusions in the cytoplasm of the infected cells, as shown by electron microscopy. Known target cells of Ebola virus, including macrophages and hepatocytes, are permissive to rLLOV infection, suggesting that humans could be potential hosts. However, inflammatory responses in human macrophages, a hallmark of Ebola virus disease, are not induced by rLLOV. Additional tropism testing identified pneumocytes as capable of robust rLLOV and Ebola virus infection. We also used rLLOV to test antivirals targeting multiple facets of the replication cycle. Rescue of uncultured viruses of pathogenic concern represents a valuable tool in our arsenal for pandemic preparedness. Due to increasing utilization of high-throughput sequencing technologies, RNA sequences of many unknown viruses have been discovered in bats and other animal species. Research on the pathogenic potential of these viruses is hampered by incomplete viral genome sequences and difficulties in isolating infectious virus from the animal hosts. One example of these potentially zoonotic pathogens is Lloviu virus (LLOV), a filovirus which is closely related to Ebola virus. Here we applied molecular virological approaches, including minigenome assays, to complement the incomplete LLOV genome ends with sequences from related viruses and identify cis-acting elements required for LLOV replication and transcription that were missing in the published LLOV sequence. The resulting full-length clones were used to generate infectious recombinant LLOV. We used this virus for electron microscopic analyses, infection studies in human cells, host response analysis, and antiviral drug testing. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenic potential of LLOV and delineate a roadmap for studying uncultured viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Hume
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJH); (EM)
| | - Baylee Heiden
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Judith Olejnik
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ellen L. Suder
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen Ross
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Whitney A. Scoon
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mitchell R. White
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tran T. N. Thao
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI); Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern; Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ryan M. Hekman
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Kaserman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessie Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabor E. Toth
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs; Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs; Pécs, Hungary
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI); Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern; Bern, Switzerland
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabor Kemenesi
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs; Pécs, Hungary
| | - Daniel Cifuentes
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJH); (EM)
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Siddiq MM, Chan AT, Miorin L, Yadaw AS, Beaumont KG, Kehrer T, Cupic A, White KM, Tolentino RE, Hu B, Stern AD, Tavassoly I, Hansen J, Sebra R, Martinez P, Prabha S, Dubois N, Schaniel C, Iyengar-Kapuganti R, Kukar N, Giustino G, Sud K, Nirenberg S, Kovatch P, Albrecht RA, Goldfarb J, Croft L, McLaughlin MA, Argulian E, Lerakis S, Narula J, García-Sastre A, Iyengar R. Functional Effects of Cardiomyocyte Injury in COVID-19. J Virol 2022; 96:e0106321. [PMID: 34669512 PMCID: PMC8791272 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01063-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 affects multiple organs. Clinical data from the Mount Sinai Health System show that substantial numbers of COVID-19 patients without prior heart disease develop cardiac dysfunction. How COVID-19 patients develop cardiac disease is not known. We integrated cell biological and physiological analyses of human cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the presence of interleukins (ILs) with clinical findings related to laboratory values in COVID-19 patients to identify plausible mechanisms of cardiac disease in COVID-19 patients. We infected hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from healthy human subjects with SARS-CoV-2 in the absence and presence of IL-6 and IL-1β. Infection resulted in increased numbers of multinucleated cells. Interleukin treatment and infection resulted in disorganization of myofibrils, extracellular release of troponin I, and reduced and erratic beating. Infection resulted in decreased expression of mRNA encoding key proteins of the cardiomyocyte contractile apparatus. Although interleukins did not increase the extent of infection, they increased the contractile dysfunction associated with viral infection of cardiomyocytes, resulting in cessation of beating. Clinical data from hospitalized patients from the Mount Sinai Health System show that a significant portion of COVID-19 patients without history of heart disease have elevated troponin and interleukin levels. A substantial subset of these patients showed reduced left ventricular function by echocardiography. Our laboratory observations, combined with the clinical data, indicate that direct effects on cardiomyocytes by interleukins and SARS-CoV-2 infection might underlie heart disease in COVID-19 patients. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 infects multiple organs, including the heart. Analyses of hospitalized patients show that a substantial number without prior indication of heart disease or comorbidities show significant injury to heart tissue, assessed by increased levels of troponin in blood. We studied the cell biological and physiological effects of virus infection of healthy human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in culture. Virus infection with interleukins disorganizes myofibrils, increases cell size and the numbers of multinucleated cells, and suppresses the expression of proteins of the contractile apparatus. Viral infection of cardiomyocytes in culture triggers release of troponin similar to elevation in levels of COVID-19 patients with heart disease. Viral infection in the presence of interleukins slows down and desynchronizes the beating of cardiomyocytes in culture. The cell-level physiological changes are similar to decreases in left ventricular ejection seen in imaging of patients' hearts. These observations suggest that direct injury to heart tissue by virus can be one underlying cause of heart disease in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M. Siddiq
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angel T. Chan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arjun S. Yadaw
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristin G. Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Kehrer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anastasija Cupic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kris M. White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosa E. Tolentino
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan D. Stern
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iman Tavassoly
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jens Hansen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Som Prabha
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Cell Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Black Family Stem Cell Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rupa Iyengar-Kapuganti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Kukar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gennaro Giustino
- Black Family Stem Cell Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karan Sud
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon Nirenberg
- Department of Scientific Computing and Data Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patricia Kovatch
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Scientific Computing and Data Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Goldfarb
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lori Croft
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maryann A. McLaughlin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edgar Argulian
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stamatios Lerakis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Chailangkarn T, Tanwattana N, Jaemthaworn T, Sriswasdi S, Wanasen N, Tangphatsornruang S, Leetanasaksakul K, Jantraphakorn Y, Nawae W, Chankeeree P, Lekcharoensuk P, Lumlertdacha B, Kaewborisuth C. Establishment of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons-A Promising In Vitro Model for a Molecular Study of Rabies Virus and Host Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111986. [PMID: 34769416 PMCID: PMC8584829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a deadly viral disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV), transmitted through a bite of an infected host, resulting in irreversible neurological symptoms and a 100% fatality rate in humans. Despite many aspects describing rabies neuropathogenesis, numerous hypotheses remain unanswered and concealed. Observations obtained from infected primary neurons or mouse brain samples are more relevant to human clinical rabies than permissive cell lines; however, limitations regarding the ethical issue and sample accessibility become a hurdle for discovering new insights into virus-host interplays. To better understand RABV pathogenesis in humans, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons to offer the opportunity for an inimitable study of RABV infection at a molecular level in a pathologically relevant cell type. This study describes the characteristics and detailed proteomic changes of hiPSC-derived neurons in response to RABV infection using LC-MS/MS quantitative analysis. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) reveals temporal changes of proteins related to metabolic process, immune response, neurotransmitter transport/synaptic vesicle cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and cell stress response, demonstrating fundamental underlying mechanisms of neuropathogenesis in a time-course dependence. Lastly, we highlighted plausible functions of heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70 or HSPA8) that might play a pivotal role in regulating RABV replication and pathogenesis. Our findings acquired from this hiPSC-derived neuron platform help to define novel cellular mechanisms during RABV infection, which could be applicable to further studies to widen views of RABV-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanathom Chailangkarn
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.W.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (C.K.)
| | - Nathiphat Tanwattana
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Thanakorn Jaemthaworn
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Sira Sriswasdi
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.J.); (S.S.)
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nanchaya Wanasen
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.T.); (W.N.)
| | - Kantinan Leetanasaksakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Yuparat Jantraphakorn
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Wanapinun Nawae
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.T.); (W.N.)
| | - Penpicha Chankeeree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advance Studies in Agriculture and Food, KU Institute Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Boonlert Lumlertdacha
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training Prophylaxis on Rabies, 1871 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Challika Kaewborisuth
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.W.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (C.K.)
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6
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Perez-Bermejo JA, Kang S, Rockwood SJ, Simoneau CR, Joy DA, Silva AC, Ramadoss GN, Flanigan WR, Fozouni P, Li H, Chen PY, Nakamura K, Whitman JD, Hanson PJ, McManus BM, Ott M, Conklin BR, McDevitt TC. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPSC-derived cardiac cells reflects cytopathic features in hearts of patients with COVID-19. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf7872. [PMID: 33723017 PMCID: PMC8128284 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes cardiac dysfunction in up to 25% of patients, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Exposure of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived heart cells to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed productive infection and robust transcriptomic and morphological signatures of damage, particularly in cardiomyocytes. Transcriptomic disruption of structural genes corroborates adverse morphologic features, which included a distinct pattern of myofibrillar fragmentation and nuclear disruption. Human autopsy specimens from patients with COVID-19 reflected similar alterations, particularly sarcomeric fragmentation. These notable cytopathic features in cardiomyocytes provide insights into SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac damage, offer a platform for discovery of potential therapeutics, and raise concerns about the long-term consequences of COVID-19 in asymptomatic and severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serah Kang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Camille R Simoneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David A Joy
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ana C Silva
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gokul N Ramadoss
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Will R Flanigan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Parinaz Fozouni
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Huihui Li
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Whitman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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7
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He DD, Zhang XK, Zhu XY, Huang FF, Wang Z, Tu JC. Network pharmacology and RNA-sequencing reveal the molecular mechanism of Xuebijing injection on COVID-19-induced cardiac dysfunction. Comput Biol Med 2021; 131:104293. [PMID: 33662681 PMCID: PMC7899014 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Up to 20%-30% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Xuebijing injection is a compound injection containing five traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, which can protect cells from SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death and improve cardiac function. However, the specific protective mechanism of Xuebijing injection on COVID-19-induced cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. METHODS The therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection on COVID-19 was validated by the TCM Anti COVID-19 (TCMATCOV) platform. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from GSE150392 was used to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data from GSE151879 was used to verify the expression of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and central hub genes in both human embryonic-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and adult human CMs with SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS A total of 97 proteins were identified as the therapeutic targets of Xuebijing injection for COVID-19. There were 22 DEGs in SARS-CoV-2 infected hiPSC-CMs overlapped with the 97 therapeutic targets, which might be the therapeutic targets of Xuebijing injection on COVID-19-induced cardiac dysfunction. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, 7 genes (CCL2, CXCL8, FOS, IFNB1, IL-1A, IL-1B, SERPINE1) were identified as central hub genes and enriched in pathways including cytokines, inflammation, cell senescence and oxidative stress. ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and the 7 central hub genes were differentially expressed in at least two kinds of SARS-CoV-2 infected CMs. Besides, FOS and quercetin exhibited the tightest binding by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSION Our study indicated the underlying protective effect of Xuebijing injection on COVID-19, especially on COVID19-induced cardiac dysfunction, which provided the theoretical basis for exploring the potential protective mechanism of Xuebijing injection on COVID19-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Dong He
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xiao-Kang Zhang
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhu
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Fang-Fang Huang
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jian-Cheng Tu
- Department & Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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8
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Dobrindt K, Hoagland DA, Seah C, Kassim B, O'Shea CP, Murphy A, Iskhakova M, Fernando MB, Powell SK, Deans PJM, Javidfar B, Peter C, Møller R, Uhl SA, Garcia MF, Kimura M, Iwasawa K, Crary JF, Kotton DN, Takebe T, Huckins LM, tenOever BR, Akbarian S, Brennand KJ. Common Genetic Variation in Humans Impacts In Vitro Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:505-518. [PMID: 33636110 PMCID: PMC7881728 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The host response to SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrates significant interindividual variability. In addition to showing more disease in males, the elderly, and individuals with underlying comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2 can seemingly afflict healthy individuals with profound clinical complications. We hypothesize that, in addition to viral load and host antibody repertoire, host genetic variants influence vulnerability to infection. Here we apply human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models and CRISPR engineering to explore the host genetics of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs4702), common in the population and located in the 3' UTR of the protease FURIN, influences alveolar and neuron infection by SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Thus, we provide a proof-of-principle finding that common genetic variation can have an impact on viral infection and thus contribute to clinical heterogeneity in COVID-19. Ongoing genetic studies will help to identify high-risk individuals, predict clinical complications, and facilitate the discovery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Dobrindt
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daisy A Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carina Seah
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bibi Kassim
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Callan P O'Shea
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aleta Murphy
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marina Iskhakova
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael B Fernando
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samuel K Powell
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - P J Michael Deans
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ben Javidfar
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cyril Peter
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rasmus Møller
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Skyler A Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meilin Fernandez Garcia
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kentaro Iwasawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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9
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Marchiano S, Hsiang TY, Khanna A, Higashi T, Whitmore LS, Bargehr J, Davaapil H, Chang J, Smith E, Ong LP, Colzani M, Reinecke H, Yang X, Pabon L, Sinha S, Najafian B, Sniadecki NJ, Bertero A, Gale M, Murry CE. SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes, Impairing Electrical and Mechanical Function. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:478-492. [PMID: 33657418 PMCID: PMC7881699 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients often develop severe cardiovascular complications, but it remains unclear if these are caused directly by viral infection or are secondary to a systemic response. Here, we examine the cardiac tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) and smooth muscle cells (hPSC-SMCs). We find that that SARS-CoV-2 selectively infects hPSC-CMs through the viral receptor ACE2, whereas in hPSC-SMCs there is minimal viral entry or replication. After entry into cardiomyocytes, SARS-CoV-2 is assembled in lysosome-like vesicles and egresses via bulk exocytosis. The viral transcripts become a large fraction of cellular mRNA while host gene expression shifts from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism and upregulates chromatin modification and RNA splicing pathways. Most importantly, viral infection of hPSC-CMs progressively impairs both their electrophysiological and contractile function, and causes widespread cell death. These data support the hypothesis that COVID-19-related cardiac symptoms can result from a direct cardiotoxic effect of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marchiano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tien-Ying Hsiang
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Akshita Khanna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ty Higashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Leanne S Whitmore
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Johannes Bargehr
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Box 110, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hongorzul Davaapil
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Box 110, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Chang
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Elise Smith
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lay Ping Ong
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Box 110, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maria Colzani
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Box 110, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hans Reinecke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lil Pabon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Sana Biotechnology, 188 E Blaine Street, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Box 110, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Behzad Najafian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Brotman Building, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Sana Biotechnology, 188 E Blaine Street, Seattle, WA 98102, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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10
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Tiwari SK, Wang S, Smith D, Carlin AF, Rana TM. Revealing Tissue-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Host Responses using Human Stem Cell-Derived Lung and Cerebral Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:437-445. [PMID: 33631122 PMCID: PMC7879814 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a transmissible respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and has become a global health emergency. There is an urgent need for robust and practical in vitro model systems to investigate viral pathogenesis. Here, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived lung organoids (LORGs), cerebral organoids (CORGs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), neurons, and astrocytes. LORGs containing epithelial cells, alveolar types 1 and 2, highly express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces interferons, cytokines, and chemokines and activates critical inflammasome pathway genes. Spike protein inhibitor, EK1 peptide, and TMPRSS2 inhibitors (camostat/nafamostat) block viral entry in LORGs. Conversely, CORGs, NPCs, astrocytes, and neurons express low levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and correspondingly are not highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infection in neuronal cells activates TLR3/7, OAS2, complement system, and apoptotic genes. These findings will aid in understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and facilitate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Davey Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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11
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Böhnke J, Pinkert S, Schmidt M, Binder H, Bilz NC, Jung M, Reibetanz U, Beling A, Rujescu D, Claus C. Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Human iPSC Lines and Derived Primary Germ-Layer Cells Regarding Receptor Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1220. [PMID: 33513663 PMCID: PMC7865966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of members of the enterovirus family with pregnancy complications up to miscarriages is under discussion. Here, infection of two different human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and iPSC-derived primary germ-layer cells with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was characterized as an in vitro cell culture model for very early human development. Transcriptomic analysis of iPSC lines infected with recombinant CVB3 expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) revealed a reduction in the expression of pluripotency genes besides an enhancement of genes involved in RNA metabolism. The initial distribution of CVB3-EGFP-positive cells within iPSC colonies correlated with the distribution of its receptor coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Application of anti-CAR blocking antibodies supported the requirement of CAR, but not of the co-receptor decay-accelerating factor (DAF) for infection of iPSC lines. Among iPSC-derived germ-layer cells, mesodermal cells were especially vulnerable to CVB3-EGFP infection. Our data implicate further consideration of members of the enterovirus family in the screening program of human pregnancies. Furthermore, iPSCs with their differentiation capacity into cell populations of relevant viral target organs could offer a reliable screening approach for therapeutic intervention and for assessment of organ-specific enterovirus virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Böhnke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
| | - Sandra Pinkert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (A.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Nicole Christin Bilz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
| | - Matthias Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.J.); (D.R.)
| | - Uta Reibetanz
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Antje Beling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.P.); (A.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.J.); (D.R.)
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.B.); (N.C.B.)
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12
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Hekman RM, Hume AJ, Goel RK, Abo KM, Huang J, Blum BC, Werder RB, Suder EL, Paul I, Phanse S, Youssef A, Alysandratos KD, Padhorny D, Ojha S, Mora-Martin A, Kretov D, Ash PEA, Verma M, Zhao J, Patten JJ, Villacorta-Martin C, Bolzan D, Perea-Resa C, Bullitt E, Hinds A, Tilston-Lunel A, Varelas X, Farhangmehr S, Braunschweig U, Kwan JH, McComb M, Basu A, Saeed M, Perissi V, Burks EJ, Layne MD, Connor JH, Davey R, Cheng JX, Wolozin BL, Blencowe BJ, Wuchty S, Lyons SM, Kozakov D, Cifuentes D, Blower M, Kotton DN, Wilson AA, Mühlberger E, Emili A. Actionable Cytopathogenic Host Responses of Human Alveolar Type 2 Cells to SARS-CoV-2. Mol Cell 2020; 80:1104-1122.e9. [PMID: 33259812 PMCID: PMC7674017 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic, exerts a massive health and socioeconomic crisis. The virus infects alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2s), leading to lung injury and impaired gas exchange, but the mechanisms driving infection and pathology are unclear. We performed a quantitative phosphoproteomic survey of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AT2s (iAT2s) infected with SARS-CoV-2 at air-liquid interface (ALI). Time course analysis revealed rapid remodeling of diverse host systems, including signaling, RNA processing, translation, metabolism, nuclear integrity, protein trafficking, and cytoskeletal-microtubule organization, leading to cell cycle arrest, genotoxic stress, and innate immunity. Comparison to analogous data from transformed cell lines revealed respiratory-specific processes hijacked by SARS-CoV-2, highlighting potential novel therapeutic avenues that were validated by a high hit rate in a targeted small molecule screen in our iAT2 ALI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Hekman
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam J Hume
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristine M Abo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessie Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blum
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhiannon B Werder
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen L Suder
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indranil Paul
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sadhna Phanse
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Youssef
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantinos D Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dzmitry Padhorny
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sandeep Ojha
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dmitry Kretov
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter E A Ash
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J J Patten
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dante Bolzan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos Perea-Resa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Hinds
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Tilston-Lunel
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Farhangmehr
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Julian H Kwan
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark McComb
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avik Basu
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Burks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Davey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Institute of Data Science and Computing, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shawn M Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Cifuentes
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Blower
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Qiao H, Guo M, Shang J, Zhao W, Wang Z, Liu N, Li B, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Chen P. Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection leads to neurodevelopmental disorder-associated neuropathological changes. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008899. [PMID: 33091073 PMCID: PMC7580908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections contribute to various neurodevelopmental disabilities and the subsequent long-term neurological sequelae into the adulthood. However, further understanding of fetal brain development and the potential neuropathological effects of the HSV-1 infection are hampered by the limitations of existing neurodevelopmental models due to the dramatic differences between humans and other mammalians. Here we generated in vitro neurodevelopmental disorder models including human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based monolayer neuronal differentiation, three-dimensional (3D) neuroepithelial bud, and 3D cerebral organoid to study fetal brain development and the potential neuropathological effects induced by the HSV-1 infections. Our results revealed that the HSV-1-infected neural stem cells (NSCs) exhibited impaired neural differentiation. HSV-1 infection led to dysregulated neurogenesis in the fetal neurodevelopment. The HSV-1-infected brain organoids modelled the pathological features of the neurodevelopmental disorders in the human fetal brain, including the impaired neuronal differentiation, and the dysregulated cortical layer and brain regionalization. Furthermore, the 3D cerebral organoid model showed that HSV-1 infection promoted the abnormal microglial activation, accompanied by the induction of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4. Overall, our in vitro neurodevelopmental disorder models reconstituted the neuropathological features associated with HSV-1 infection in human fetal brain development, providing the causal relationships that link HSV biology with the neurodevelopmental disorder pathogen hypothesis. HSV-1 is one of the most prevalent human pathogens that can spread into the fetal central nervous system by maternal-fetal transmission, and thus resulting in long-term neurological sequelae in adult, including cognitive dysfunction and learning disabilities. However, there is a very limited progress in understanding the role of HSV-1 on human fetal brain development due to limited access to fetal human brain tissue as well as the limitations of existing neurodevelopmental and infection models. Here, we generated the in vitro neurodevelopmental disorder models including hiPSC-based monolayer neuronal differentiation, three-dimensional (3D) neuroepithelial bud, and 3D cerebral organoid to study the neurodevelopmental disorder-associated neuropathological changes with HSV-1 infection in human fetal brain development. Our results revealed that HSV-1 infection led to impaired neural differentiation and dysregulated neurogenesis in the fetal neurodevelopment. Additionally, HSV-1 infection impaired neuronal differentiation and dysregulated brain regionalization in our cerebral organoid model. Furthermore, the cerebral organoid model showed that HSV-1 infection led to the abnormal microglial proliferation and activation, accompanied by the induction of inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4. Taken together, our study provides novel evidence that HSV-1 infection impaired human brain development and contributed to neurodevelopmental disorder pathogen hypothesis, and would have implications for raising the therapeutic opportunities for targeting of viral reservoirs relevant to neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Moujian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Research Center for Medicine and Structural Biology of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (PC)
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (PC)
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14
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Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a severe public health problem with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. A mounting number of clinical investigations illustrate that COVID-19 patients suffer from neurologic conditions in addition to respiratory symptoms. In a recent article, Yuen and colleagues present the first experimental evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human central nervous system using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived platform including human neural progenitor cells, neurospheres, and three-dimensional brain organoids (Yuen, K.Y., and Huang, J.D. et al. (2020) Cell Res. DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0390-x).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry
of Education, 110 Xiangya
Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
- National
Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute
of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Center for
Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument
Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication
Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information
and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National
Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center
for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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15
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Yang L, Han Y, Nilsson-Payant BE, Gupta V, Wang P, Duan X, Tang X, Zhu J, Zhao Z, Jaffré F, Zhang T, Kim TW, Harschnitz O, Redmond D, Houghton S, Liu C, Naji A, Ciceri G, Guttikonda S, Bram Y, Nguyen DHT, Cioffi M, Chandar V, Hoagland DA, Huang Y, Xiang J, Wang H, Lyden D, Borczuk A, Chen HJ, Studer L, Pan FC, Ho DD, tenOever BR, Evans T, Schwartz RE, Chen S. A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-based Platform to Study SARS-CoV-2 Tropism and Model Virus Infection in Human Cells and Organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:125-136.e7. [PMID: 32579880 PMCID: PMC7303620 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an urgent need for physiological models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection using human disease-relevant cells. COVID-19 pathophysiology includes respiratory failure but involves other organ systems including gut, liver, heart, and pancreas. We present an experimental platform comprised of cell and organoid derivatives from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). A Spike-enabled pseudo-entry virus infects pancreatic endocrine cells, liver organoids, cardiomyocytes, and dopaminergic neurons. Recent clinical studies show a strong association with COVID-19 and diabetes. We find that human pancreatic beta cells and liver organoids are highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, further validated using adult primary human islets and adult hepatocyte and cholangiocyte organoids. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused striking expression of chemokines, as also seen in primary human COVID-19 pulmonary autopsy samples. hPSC-derived cells/organoids provide valuable models for understanding the cellular responses of human tissues to SARS-CoV-2 infection and for disease modeling of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Yang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuling Han
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin E Nilsson-Payant
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Xuming Tang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zeping Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fabrice Jaffré
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Oliver Harschnitz
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sean Houghton
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriele Ciceri
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sudha Guttikonda
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Duc-Huy T Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daisy A Hoagland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the Ben May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fong Cheng Pan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1468 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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16
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Ryan SK, Gonzalez MV, Garifallou JP, Bennett FC, Williams KS, Sotuyo NP, Mironets E, Cook K, Hakonarson H, Anderson SA, Jordan-Sciutto KL. Neuroinflammation and EIF2 Signaling Persist despite Antiretroviral Treatment in an hiPSC Tri-culture Model of HIV Infection. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:703-716. [PMID: 32220329 PMCID: PMC7160309 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) affect over half of HIV-infected individuals, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therapeutically targetable mechanisms underlying HAND remain elusive, partly due to a lack of a representative model. We developed a human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based model, independently differentiating hiPSCs into neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and systematically combining to generate a tri-culture with or without HIV infection and ART. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on tri-cultures with HIV-infected microglia revealed inflammatory signatures in the microglia and EIF2 signaling in all three cell types. Treatment with the antiretroviral compound efavirenz (EFZ) mostly resolved these signatures. However, EFZ increased RhoGDI and CD40 signaling in the HIV-infected microglia. This activation was associated with a persistent increase in transforming growth factor α production by microglia. This work establishes a tri-culture that recapitulates key features of HIV infection in the CNS and provides a new model to examine the effects of infection, its treatment, and other co-morbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean K Ryan
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael V Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James P Garifallou
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederick C Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly S Williams
- Environmental and Health Sciences Program, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Sotuyo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eugene Mironets
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kieona Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Kelly L Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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17
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Ledur PF, Karmirian K, Pedrosa CDSG, Souza LRQ, Assis-de-Lemos G, Martins TM, Ferreira JDCCG, de Azevedo Reis GF, Silva ES, Silva D, Salerno JA, Ornelas IM, Devalle S, Madeiro da Costa RF, Goto-Silva L, Higa LM, Melo A, Tanuri A, Chimelli L, Murata MM, Garcez PP, Filippi-Chiela EC, Galina A, Borges HL, Rehen SK. Zika virus infection leads to mitochondrial failure, oxidative stress and DNA damage in human iPSC-derived astrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1218. [PMID: 31988337 PMCID: PMC6985105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been extensively studied since it was linked to congenital malformations, and recent research has revealed that astrocytes are targets of ZIKV. However, the consequences of ZIKV infection, especially to this cell type, remain largely unknown, particularly considering integrative studies aiming to understand the crosstalk among key cellular mechanisms and fates involved in the neurotoxicity of the virus. Here, the consequences of ZIKV infection in iPSC-derived astrocytes are presented. Our results show ROS imbalance, mitochondrial defects and DNA breakage, which have been previously linked to neurological disorders. We have also detected glial reactivity, also present in mice and in post-mortem brains from infected neonates from the Northeast of Brazil. Given the role of glia in the developing brain, these findings may help to explain the observed effects in congenital Zika syndrome related to neuronal loss and motor deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Karmirian
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Assis-de-Lemos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Martino Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Ferreira de Azevedo Reis
- Insitute of Biology, Department of Biophysics and Biometrics, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Santos Silva
- Insitute of Biology, Department of Biophysics and Biometrics, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Débora Silva
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, State Institute of Brain Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Salerno
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Sylvie Devalle
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Goto-Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza Mendonça Higa
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Melo
- Research Institute Prof. Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, State Institute of Brain Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Massao Murata
- Insitute of Biology, Department of Biophysics and Biometrics, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pestana Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Galina
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Lobo Borges
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stevens Kastrup Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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18
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Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are important tools for studying differentiation and for use in patient-specific disease modeling. We present a detailed method for the reprogramming of primary human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells using Sendai virus. These procedures allow for the efficient generation of multiple high-quality feeder-independent iPS cell lines for a given human fibroblast line. The iPS cell lines generated by this protocol can be used in a variety of differentiation and gene expression studies, as well as in genetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Draper
- Transgenic and Gene-Targeting Institutional Facility, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Transgenic and Gene-Targeting Institutional Facility, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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19
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D'Aiuto L, Bloom DC, Naciri JN, Smith A, Edwards TG, McClain L, Callio JA, Jessup M, Wood J, Chowdari K, Demers M, Abrahamson EE, Ikonomovic MD, Viggiano L, De Zio R, Watkins S, Kinchington PR, Nimgaonkar VL. Modeling Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infections in Human Central Nervous System Neuronal Cells Using Two- and Three-Dimensional Cultures Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:e00111-19. [PMID: 30787148 PMCID: PMC6475775 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00111-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in both peripheral nerve ganglia and the central nervous system (CNS). The outcomes of acute and latent infections in these different anatomic sites appear to be distinct. It is becoming clear that many of the existing culture models using animal primary neurons to investigate HSV-1 infection of the CNS are limited and not ideal, and most do not recapitulate features of CNS neurons. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and neurons derived from them are documented as tools to study aspects of neuropathogenesis, but few have focused on modeling infections of the CNS. Here, we characterize functional two-dimensional (2D) CNS-like neuron cultures and three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids made from hiPSCs to model HSV-1-human-CNS interactions. Our results show that (i) hiPSC-derived CNS neurons are permissive for HSV-1 infection; (ii) a quiescent state exhibiting key landmarks of HSV-1 latency described in animal models can be established in hiPSC-derived CNS neurons; (iii) the complex laminar structure of the organoids can be efficiently infected with HSV, with virus being transported from the periphery to the central layers of the organoid; and (iv) the organoids support reactivation of HSV-1, albeit less efficiently than 2D cultures. Collectively, our results indicate that hiPSC-derived neuronal platforms, especially 3D organoids, offer an extraordinary opportunity for modeling the interaction of HSV-1 with the complex cellular and architectural structure of the human CNS.IMPORTANCE This study employed human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model acute and latent HSV-1 infections in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) CNS neuronal cultures. We successfully established acute HSV-1 infections and infections showing features of latency. HSV-1 infection of the 3D organoids was able to spread from the outer surface of the organoid and was transported to the interior lamina, providing a model to study HSV-1 trafficking through complex neuronal tissue structures. HSV-1 could be reactivated in both culture systems; though, in contrast to 2D cultures, it appeared to be more difficult to reactivate HSV-1 in 3D cultures, potentially paralleling the low efficiency of HSV-1 reactivation in the CNS of animal models. The reactivation events were accompanied by dramatic neuronal morphological changes and cell-cell fusion. Together, our results provide substantive evidence of the suitability of hiPSC-based neuronal platforms to model HSV-1-CNS interactions in a human context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D'Aiuto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Bloom
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer N Naciri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Terri G Edwards
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lora McClain
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason A Callio
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Morgan Jessup
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joel Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kodavali Chowdari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Demers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric E Abrahamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta De Zio
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul R Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Kono K, Sawada R, Kuroda T, Yasuda S, Matsuyama S, Matsuyama A, Mizuguchi H, Sato Y. Development of selective cytotoxic viral vectors for concentration of undifferentiated cells in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3630. [PMID: 30842516 PMCID: PMC6403330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-processed therapeutic products (CTPs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have innovative applications in regenerative medicine. However, undifferentiated hPSCs possess tumorigenic potential; thus, sensitive methods for the detection of residual undifferentiated hPSCs are essential for the clinical use of hPSC-derived CTPs. The detection limit of the methods currently available is 1/105 (0.001%, undifferentiated hPSCs/differentiated cells) or more, which could be insufficient for the detection of residual hPSCs when CTPs contain more than 1 × 105 cells. In this study, we developed a novel approach to overcome this challenge, using adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (AdV and AAV)-based selective cytotoxic vectors. We constructed AdV and AAV vectors that possess a suicide gene, iCaspase 9 (iCasp9), regulated by the CMV promoter, which is dormant in hPSCs, for the selective expression of iCasp9 in differentiated cells. As expected, AdV/CMV-iCasp9 and AAV/CMV-iCasp9 exhibited cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes but not in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The vectors also induced apoptosis in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and the surviving cells exhibited higher levels of hPSC marker expression. These results indicate that the AdV- and AAV-based cytotoxic vectors concentrate cells expressing the undifferentiated cell markers in hiPSC-derived products and are promising biological tools for verifying the quality of CTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kono
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rumi Sawada
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuroda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsuyama
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Quality Assurance Science for Pharmaceuticals, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan.
- Department of Cellular and Gene Therapy Products, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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21
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Kim J, Koo BK, Yoon KJ. Modeling Host-Virus Interactions in Viral Infectious Diseases Using Stem-Cell-Derived Systems and CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020124. [PMID: 30704043 PMCID: PMC6409779 DOI: 10.3390/v11020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologies induced by viral infections have undergone extensive study, with traditional model systems such as two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and in vivo mouse models contributing greatly to our understanding of host-virus interactions. However, the technical limitations inherent in these systems have constrained efforts to more fully understand such interactions, leading to a search for alternative in vitro systems that accurately recreate in vivo physiology in order to advance the study of viral pathogenesis. Over the last decade, there have been significant technological advances that have allowed researchers to more accurately model the host environment when modeling viral pathogenesis in vitro, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), adult stem-cell-derived organoid culture systems and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Such technological breakthroughs have ushered in a new era in the field of viral pathogenesis, where previously challenging questions have begun to be tackled. These include genome-wide analysis of host-virus crosstalk, identification of host factors critical for viral pathogenesis, and the study of viral pathogens that previously lacked a suitable platform, e.g., noroviruses, rotaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and Zika virus. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the study of viral pathogenesis and host-virus crosstalk arising from the use of iPSC, organoid, and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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22
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Abstract
Terminally differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into an embryonic stem cell-like state by the forced expression of four transcription factors: Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc (OKSM). These so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can give rise to any cell type of the body and thus have tremendous potential for many applications in research and regenerative medicine. Herein, we describe (1) a protocol for the generation of iPS cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) using a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible lentiviral transduction system; (2) the derivation of clonal iPS cell lines; and (3) the characterization of the pluripotent potential of iPS cell lines using alkaline phosphatase staining, flow cytometry, and the teratoma formation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaber Firas
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacob M Paynter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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23
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Simonin Y, Erkilic N, Damodar K, Clé M, Desmetz C, Bolloré K, Taleb M, Torriano S, Barthelemy J, Dubois G, Lajoix AD, Foulongne V, Tuaillon E, Van de Perre P, Kalatzis V, Salinas S. Zika virus induces strong inflammatory responses and impairs homeostasis and function of the human retinal pigment epithelium. EBioMedicine 2019; 39:315-331. [PMID: 30579862 PMCID: PMC6354710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently re-emerged as a pathogenic agent with epidemic capacities as was well illustrated in South America. Because of the extent of this health crisis, a number of more serious symptoms have become associated with ZIKV infection than what was initially described. In particular, neuronal and ocular disorders have been characterized, both in infants and in adults. Notably, the macula and the retina can be strongly affected by ZIKV, possibly by a direct effect of the virus. This is supported by the detection of replicative and infectious virus in lachrimal fluid in human patients and mouse models. METHODS Here, we used an innovative, state-of-the-art iPSC-derived human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) model to study ZIKV retinal impairment. FINDINGS We showed that the human RPE is highly susceptible to ZIKV infection and that a ZIKV African strain was more virulent and led to a more potent epithelium disruption and stronger anti-viral response than an Asian strain, suggesting lineage differences. Moreover, ZIKV infection led to impaired membrane dynamics involved in endocytosis, organelle biogenesis and potentially secretion, key mechanisms of RPE homeostasis and function. INTERPRETATION Taken together, our results suggest that ZIKV has a highly efficient ocular tropism, which creates a strong inflammatory environment that could have acute or chronic adverse effects. FUND: This work was funded by Retina France, REACTing and La Région Languedoc-Roussillon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nejla Erkilic
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Krishna Damodar
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Clé
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Desmetz
- BioCommunication en CardioMétabolique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Bolloré
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mehdi Taleb
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Simona Torriano
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Barthelemy
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégor Dubois
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Dominique Lajoix
- BioCommunication en CardioMétabolique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Foulongne
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections. INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections. INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections. INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sara Salinas
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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24
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Alimonti JB, Ribecco-Lutkiewicz M, Sodja C, Jezierski A, Stanimirovic DB, Liu Q, Haqqani AS, Conlan W, Bani-Yaghoub M. Zika virus crosses an in vitro human blood brain barrier model. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:15. [PMID: 29759080 PMCID: PMC5952854 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that is highly neurotropic causing congenital abnormalities and neurological damage to the central nervous systems (CNS). In this study, we used a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived blood brain barrier (BBB) model to demonstrate that ZIKV can infect brain endothelial cells (i-BECs) without compromising the BBB barrier integrity or permeability. Although no disruption to the BBB was observed post-infection, ZIKV particles were released on the abluminal side of the BBB model and infected underlying iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (i-NPs). AXL, a putative ZIKV cellular entry receptor, was also highly expressed in ZIKV-susceptible i-BEC and i-NPs. This iPSC-derived BBB model can help elucidate the mechanism by which ZIKV can infect BECs, cross the BBB and gain access to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judie B. Alimonti
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Maria Ribecco-Lutkiewicz
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Caroline Sodja
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Qing Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Arsalan S. Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Wayne Conlan
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Mahmud Bani-Yaghoub
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Bldg M54-1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada
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25
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Karve SS, Pradhan S, Ward DV, Weiss AA. Intestinal organoids model human responses to infection by commensal and Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178966. [PMID: 28614372 PMCID: PMC5470682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 can cause the potentially fatal complication hemolytic uremic syndrome, and currently only supportive therapy is available. Lack of suitable animal models has hindered study of this disease. Induced human intestinal organoids (iHIOs), generated by in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, represent differentiated human intestinal tissue. We show that iHIOs with addition of human neutrophils can model E. coli intestinal infection and innate cellular responses. Commensal and O157:H7 introduced into the iHIO lumen replicated rapidly achieving high numbers. Commensal E. coli did not cause damage, and were completely contained within the lumen, suggesting defenses, such as mucus production, can constrain non-pathogenic strains. Some O157:H7 initially co-localized with cellular actin. Loss of actin and epithelial integrity was observed after 4 hours. O157:H7 grew as filaments, consistent with activation of the bacterial SOS stress response. SOS is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and O157:H7 infection increased ROS production. Transcriptional profiling (RNAseq) demonstrated that both commensal and O157:H7 upregulated genes associated with gastrointestinal maturation, while infection with O157:H7 upregulated inflammatory responses, including interleukin 8 (IL-8). IL-8 is associated with neutrophil recruitment, and infection with O157:H7 resulted in recruitment of human neutrophils into the iHIO tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali S. Karve
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suman Pradhan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Center for Microbiome Research and Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alison A. Weiss
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Abstract
Genome editing in eukaryotes became easier in the last years with the development of nucleases that induce double strand breaks in DNA at user-defined sites. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing is currently one of the most powerful strategies. In the easiest case, a nuclease (e.g. Cas9) and a target defining guide RNA (gRNA) are transferred into a target cell. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of the DNA break following Cas9 cleavage can lead to inactivation of the target gene. Specific repair or insertion of DNA with Homology Directed Repair (HDR) needs the simultaneous delivery of a repair template. Recombinant Lentivirus or Adenovirus genomes have enough capacity for a nuclease coding sequence and the gRNA but are usually too small to also carry large targeting constructs. We recently showed that a baculovirus-based multigene expression system (MultiPrime) can be used for genome editing in primary cells since it possesses the necessary capacity to carry the nuclease and gRNA expression constructs and the HDR targeting sequences. Here we present new Acceptor plasmids for MultiPrime that allow simplified cloning of baculoviruses for genome editing and we show their functionality in primary cells with limited life span and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysam Mansouri
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Biomolecular Research, Molecular Cell Biology, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Department of Biology, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zahra Ehsaei
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verdon Taylor
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Berger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Biomolecular Research, Molecular Cell Biology, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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Tang H, Hammack C, Ogden SC, Wen Z, Qian X, Li Y, Yao B, Shin J, Zhang F, Lee EM, Christian KM, Didier RA, Jin P, Song H, Ming GL. Zika Virus Infects Human Cortical Neural Progenitors and Attenuates Their Growth. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:587-90. [PMID: 26952870 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 917] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The suspected link between infection by Zika virus (ZIKV), a re-emerging flavivirus, and microcephaly is an urgent global health concern. The direct target cells of ZIKV in the developing human fetus are not clear. Here we show that a strain of the ZIKV, MR766, serially passaged in monkey and mosquito cells efficiently infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Infected hNPCs further release infectious ZIKV particles. Importantly, ZIKV infection increases cell death and dysregulates cell-cycle progression, resulting in attenuated hNPC growth. Global gene expression analysis of infected hNPCs reveals transcriptional dysregulation, notably of cell-cycle-related pathways. Our results identify hNPCs as a direct ZIKV target. In addition, we establish a tractable experimental model system to investigate the impact and mechanism of ZIKV on human brain development and provide a platform to screen therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Christy Hammack
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Sarah C Ogden
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA
| | - Xuyu Qian
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jaehoon Shin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Emily M Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA
| | - Ruth A Didier
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA.
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA.
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28
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Trevisan M, Sinigaglia A, Desole G, Berto A, Pacenti M, Palù G, Barzon L. Modeling Viral Infectious Diseases and Development of Antiviral Therapies Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Systems. Viruses 2015; 7:3835-56. [PMID: 26184286 PMCID: PMC4517129 DOI: 10.3390/v7072800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent biotechnology breakthrough of cell reprogramming and generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which has revolutionized the approaches to study the mechanisms of human diseases and to test new drugs, can be exploited to generate patient-specific models for the investigation of host–pathogen interactions and to develop new antimicrobial and antiviral therapies. Applications of iPSC technology to the study of viral infections in humans have included in vitro modeling of viral infections of neural, liver, and cardiac cells; modeling of human genetic susceptibility to severe viral infectious diseases, such as encephalitis and severe influenza; genetic engineering and genome editing of patient-specific iPSC-derived cells to confer antiviral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trevisan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanna Desole
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Berto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | - Monia Pacenti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, Padova 35121, Italy.
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
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29
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Hildebrand L, Seemann P, Kurtz A, Hecht J, Contzen J, Gossen M, Stachelscheid H. Selective cell targeting and lineage tracing of human induced pluripotent stem cells using recombinant avian retroviruses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4671-80. [PMID: 26109426 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) differentiate into multiple cell types. Selective cell targeting is often needed for analyzing gene function by overexpressing proteins in a distinct population of hiPSC-derived cell types and for monitoring cell fate in response to stimuli. However, to date, this has not been possible, as commonly used viruses enter the hiPSC via ubiquitously expressed receptors. Here, we report for the first time the application of a heterologous avian receptor, the tumor virus receptor A (TVA), to selectively transduce TVA(+) cells in a mixed cell population. Expression of the TVA surface receptor via genetic engineering renders cells susceptible for infection by avian leucosis virus (ALV). We generated hiPSC lines with this stably integrated, ectopic TVA receptor gene that expressed the receptor while retaining pluripotency. The undifferentiated hiPSC(TVA+) as well as their differentiating progeny could be infected by recombinant ALV (so-called RCAS virus) with high efficiency. Due to incomplete receptor blocking, even sequential infection of differentiating or undifferentiated TVA(+) cells was possible. In conclusion, the TVA/RCAS system provides an efficient and gentle gene transfer system for hiPSC and extends our possibilities for selective cell targeting and lineage tracing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hildebrand
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Seemann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Contzen
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Institute of Biomaterial Science, Teltow, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Institute of Biomaterial Science, Teltow, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health-Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Eggenschwiler R, Loya K, Wu G, Sharma AD, Sgodda M, Zychlinski D, Herr C, Steinemann D, Teckman J, Bals R, Ott M, Schambach A, Schöler HR, Cantz T. Sustained knockdown of a disease-causing gene in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells using lentiviral vector-based gene therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:641-54. [PMID: 23926210 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for studies on disease-related developmental processes and may serve as an autologous cell source for future treatment of many hereditary diseases. New genetic engineering tools such as zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nuclease allow targeted correction of monogenetic disorders but are very cumbersome to establish. Aiming at studies on the knockdown of a disease-causing gene, lentiviral vector-mediated expression of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) is a valuable option, but it is limited by silencing of the knockdown construct upon epigenetic remodeling during differentiation. Here, we propose an approach for the expression of a therapeutic shRNA in disease-specific iPSCs using third-generation lentiviral vectors. Targeting severe α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency, we overexpressed a human microRNA 30 (miR30)-styled shRNA directed against the PiZ variant of A1AT, which is known to cause chronic liver damage in affected patients. This knockdown cassette is traceable from clonal iPSC lines to differentiated hepatic progeny via an enhanced green fluorescence protein reporter expressed from the same RNA-polymerase II promoter. Importantly, the cytomegalovirus i/e enhancer chicken β actin (CAG) promoter-driven expression of this construct is sustained without transgene silencing during hepatic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. At low lentiviral copy numbers per genome we confirmed a functional relevant reduction (-66%) of intracellular PiZ protein in hepatic cells after differentiation of patient-specific iPSCs. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that lentiviral vector-mediated expression of shRNAs can be efficiently used to knock down and functionally evaluate disease-related genes in patient-specific iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Eggenschwiler
- Research Group Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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31
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Lee KS, Zhou W, Scott-McKean JJ, Emmerling KL, Cai GY, Krah DL, Costa AC, Freed CR, Levin MJ. Human sensory neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells support varicella-zoster virus infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53010. [PMID: 23285249 PMCID: PMC3532467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After primary infection, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) establishes latency in neurons of the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. Many questions concerning the mechanism of VZV pathogenesis remain unanswered, due in part to the strict host tropism and inconsistent availability of human tissue obtained from autopsies and abortions. The recent development of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells provides great potential for the study of many diseases. We previously generated human iPS cells from skin fibroblasts by introducing four reprogramming genes with non-integrating adenovirus. In this study, we developed a novel protocol to generate sensory neurons from iPS cells. Human iPS cells were exposed to small molecule inhibitors for 10 days, which efficiently converted pluripotent cells into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The NPCs were then exposed for two weeks to growth factors required for their conversion to sensory neurons. The iPS cell-derived sensory neurons were characterized by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and electrophysiology. After differentiation, approximately 80% of the total cell population expressed the neuron-specific protein, βIII-tubulin. Importantly, 15% of the total cell population co-expressed the markers Brn3a and peripherin, indicating that these cells are sensory neurons. These sensory neurons could be infected by both VZV and herpes simplex virus (HSV), a related alphaherpesvirus. Since limited neuronal populations are capable of supporting the entire VZV and HSV life cycles, our iPS-derived sensory neuron model may prove useful for studying alphaherpesvirus latency and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
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32
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D'Aiuto L, Di Maio R, Heath B, Raimondi G, Milosevic J, Watson AM, Bamne M, Parks WT, Yang L, Lin B, Miki T, Mich-Basso JD, Arav-Boger R, Sibille E, Sabunciyan S, Yolken R, Nimgaonkar V. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived models to investigate human cytomegalovirus infection in neural cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49700. [PMID: 23209593 PMCID: PMC3507916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is one of the leading prenatal causes of congenital mental retardation and deformities world-wide. Access to cultured human neuronal lineages, necessary to understand the species specific pathogenic effects of HCMV, has been limited by difficulties in sustaining primary human neuronal cultures. Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells now provide an opportunity for such research. We derived iPS cells from human adult fibroblasts and induced neural lineages to investigate their susceptibility to infection with HCMV strain Ad169. Analysis of iPS cells, iPS-derived neural stem cells (NSCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons suggests that (i) iPS cells are not permissive to HCMV infection, i.e., they do not permit a full viral replication cycle; (ii) Neural stem cells have impaired differentiation when infected by HCMV; (iii) NPCs are fully permissive for HCMV infection; altered expression of genes related to neural metabolism or neuronal differentiation is also observed; (iv) most iPS-derived neurons are not permissive to HCMV infection; and (v) infected neurons have impaired calcium influx in response to glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D'Aiuto
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wu C, Dunbar CE. Stem cell gene therapy: the risks of insertional mutagenesis and approaches to minimize genotoxicity. Front Med 2011; 5:356-71. [PMID: 22198747 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-011-0159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Virus-based vectors are widely used in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy, and have the ability to integrate permanently into genomic DNA, thus driving long-term expression of corrective genes in all hematopoietic lineages. To date, HSC gene therapy has been successfully employed in the clinic for improving clinical outcomes in small numbers of patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA-SCID), adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), thalassemia, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). However, adverse events were observed during some of these HSC gene therapy clinical trials, linked to insertional activation of proto-oncogenes by integrated proviral vectors leading to clonal expansion and eventual development of leukemia. Numerous studies have been performed to understand the molecular basis of vector-mediated genotoxicity, with the aim of developing safer vectors and lower-risk gene therapy protocols. This review will summarize current information on the mechanisms of insertional mutagenesis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells due to integrating gene transfer vectors, discuss the available assays for predicting genotoxicity and mapping vector integration sites, and introduce newly-developed approaches for minimizing genotoxicity as a way to further move HSC gene therapy forward into broader clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kawasaki H, Kosugi I, Arai Y, Iwashita T, Tsutsui Y. Mouse embryonic stem cells inhibit murine cytomegalovirus infection through a multi-step process. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17492. [PMID: 21407806 PMCID: PMC3047572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most significant infectious cause of intrauterine infections that cause congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. Currently, it is not known how this process is affected by the timing of infection and the susceptibility of early-gestational-period cells. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are more resistant to CMV than most other cell types, although the mechanism responsible for this resistance is not well understood. Using a plaque assay and evaluation of immediate-early 1 mRNA and protein expression, we found that mouse ES cells were resistant to murine CMV (MCMV) at the point of transcription. In ES cells infected with MCMV, treatment with forskolin and trichostatin A did not confer full permissiveness to MCMV. In ES cultures infected with elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) promoter-green fluorescent protein (GFP) recombinant MCMV at a multiplicity of infection of 10, less than 5% of cells were GFP-positive, despite the fact that ES cells have relatively high EF-1α promoter activity. Quantitative PCR analysis of the MCMV genome showed that ES cells allow approximately 20-fold less MCMV DNA to enter the nucleus than mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) do, and that this inhibition occurs in a multi-step manner. In situ hybridization revealed that ES cell nuclei have significantly less MCMV DNA than MEF nuclei. This appears to be facilitated by the fact that ES cells express less heparan sulfate, β1 integrin, and vimentin, and have fewer nuclear pores, than MEF. This may reduce the ability of MCMV to attach to and enter through the cellular membrane, translocate to the nucleus, and cross the nuclear membrane in pluripotent stem cells (ES/induced pluripotent stem cells). The results presented here provide perspective on the relationship between CMV susceptibility and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Second Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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