1
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Clark G, Raniwala H, Koppa M, Chen K, Leenheer A, Zimmermann M, Dong M, Li L, Wen YH, Dominguez D, Trusheim M, Gilbert G, Eichenfield M, Englund D. Nanoelectromechanical Control of Spin-Photon Interfaces in a Hybrid Quantum System on Chip. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1316-1323. [PMID: 38227973 PMCID: PMC10835722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Color centers (CCs) in nanostructured diamond are promising for optically linked quantum technologies. Scaling to useful applications motivates architectures meeting the following criteria: C1 individual optical addressing of spin qubits; C2 frequency tuning of spin-dependent optical transitions; C3 coherent spin control; C4 active photon routing; C5 scalable manufacturability; and C6 low on-chip power dissipation for cryogenic operations. Here, we introduce an architecture that simultaneously achieves C1-C6. We realize piezoelectric strain control of diamond waveguide-coupled tin vacancy centers with ultralow power dissipation necessary. The DC response of our device allows emitter transition tuning by over 20 GHz, combined with low-power AC control. We show acoustic spin resonance of integrated tin vacancy spins and estimate single-phonon coupling rates over 1 kHz in the resolved sideband regime. Combined with high-speed optical routing, our work opens a path to scalable single-qubit control with optically mediated entangling gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Clark
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hamza Raniwala
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Koppa
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Kevin Chen
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Leenheer
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmermann
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Mark Dong
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Linsen Li
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Y. Henry Wen
- The
MITRE Corporation, 202 Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730, United States
| | - Daniel Dominguez
- Sandia
National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Matthew Trusheim
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- DEVCOM,
Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Gerald Gilbert
- The
MITRE Corporation, 200
Forrestal Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Matt Eichenfield
- College of
Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Ali S, Nilsson FA, Manti S, Bertoldo F, Mortensen JJ, Thygesen KS. High-Throughput Search for Triplet Point Defects with Narrow Emission Lines in 2D Materials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21105-21115. [PMID: 37889165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We employ a first-principles computational workflow to screen for optically accessible, high-spin point defects in wide band gap, two-dimensional (2D) crystals. Starting from an initial set of 5388 point defects, comprising both native and extrinsic, single and double defects in ten previously synthesized 2D host materials, we identify 596 defects with a triplet ground state. For these defects, we calculate the defect formation energy, hyperfine (HF) coupling, and zero-field splitting (ZFS) tensors. For 39 triplet transitions exhibiting particularly low Huang-Rhys factors, we calculate the full photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Our approach reveals many spin defects with narrow PL line shapes and emission frequencies covering a broad spectral range. Most of the defects are hosted in hexagonal BN (hBN), which we ascribe to its high stiffness, but some are also found in MgI2, MoS2, MgBr2 and CaI2. As specific examples, we propose the defects vSMoS0 and NiSMoS0 in MoS2 as interesting candidates with potential applications to magnetic field sensors and quantum information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Fredrik Andreas Nilsson
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simone Manti
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabian Bertoldo
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Jørgen Mortensen
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Sommer Thygesen
- CAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Corte E, Andrini G, Nieto Hernández E, Pugliese V, Costa Â, Magchiels G, Moens J, Tunhuma SM, Villarreal R, Pereira LMC, Vantomme A, Correia JG, Bernardi E, Traina P, Degiovanni IP, Moreva E, Genovese M, Ditalia Tchernij S, Olivero P, Wahl U, Forneris J. Magnesium-Vacancy Optical Centers in Diamond. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:101-110. [PMID: 36691430 PMCID: PMC9855000 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We provide the first systematic characterization of the structural and photoluminescence properties of optically active centers fabricated upon implantation of 30-100 keV Mg+ ions in synthetic diamond. The structural configurations of Mg-related defects were studied by the electron emission channeling technique for short-lived, radioactive 27Mg implantations at the CERN-ISOLDE facility, performed both at room temperature and 800 °C, which allowed the identification of a major fraction of Mg atoms (∼30 to 42%) in sites which are compatible with the split-vacancy structure of the MgV complex. A smaller fraction of Mg atoms (∼13 to 17%) was found on substitutional sites. The photoluminescence emission was investigated both at the ensemble and individual defect level in the 5-300 K temperature range, offering a detailed picture of the MgV-related emission properties and revealing the occurrence of previously unreported spectral features. The optical excitability of the MgV center was also studied as a function of the optical excitation wavelength to identify the optimal conditions for photostable and intense emission. The results are discussed in the context of the preliminary experimental data and the theoretical models available in the literature, with appealing perspectives for the utilization of the tunable properties of the MgV center for quantum information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Corte
- Physics
Department, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Greta Andrini
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, Politecnico
di Torino, Torino10129, Italy
| | - Elena Nieto Hernández
- Physics
Department, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Vanna Pugliese
- Physics
Department, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
| | - Ângelo Costa
- KU
Leuven, Quantum Solid State Physics, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Janni Moens
- KU
Leuven, Quantum Solid State Physics, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - André Vantomme
- KU
Leuven, Quantum Solid State Physics, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Guilherme Correia
- Centro
de
Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia
e Ciências e Engenharias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Ettore Bernardi
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Paolo Traina
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Ivo Pietro Degiovanni
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Moreva
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Marco Genovese
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Sviatoslav Ditalia Tchernij
- Physics
Department, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Paolo Olivero
- Physics
Department, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
| | - Ulrich Wahl
- Centro
de
Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia
e Ciências e Engenharias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Jacopo Forneris
- Physics
Department, University of Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino10125, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Torino10135, Italy
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4
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Chen D, Fröch JE, Ru S, Cai H, Wang N, Adamo G, Scott J, Li F, Zheludev N, Aharonovich I, Gao W. Quantum Interference of Resonance Fluorescence from Germanium-Vacancy Color Centers in Diamond. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6306-6312. [PMID: 35913802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Resonance fluorescence from a quantum emitter is an ideal source to extract indistinguishable photons. By using the cross-polarization to suppress the laser scattering, we observed resonance fluorescence from GeV color centers in diamond at cryogenic temperature. The Fourier-transform-limited line width emission with T2/2T1 ∼ 0.86 allows for two-photon interference based on single GeV color center. Under pulsed excitation, the separated photons exhibit a Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference above classical limit, whereas the continuous-wave excitation leads to a coalescence time window of 1.05 radiative lifetime. In addition, we demonstrated a single-shot readout of spin states with a fidelity of 74%. Our experiments lay down the foundation for building a quantum network with GeV color centers in diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disheng Chen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Johannes E Fröch
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Shihao Ru
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Naizhou Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Giorgio Adamo
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - John Scott
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Fuli Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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5
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Is Heralded Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence with Single Absorbers Possible with Current Technology? PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between single or a fixed number of photons with a single absorber is of fundamental interest in quantum technology. The harnessing of light matter interactions at the single particle limit has several potential applications ranging from quantum communication and quantum metrology to quantum imaging. In this perspective, a setup for heralded two-photon excited fluorescence at the single absorber level is proposed. The setup is based on a heralded two-photon source utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion, entanglement swapping and sum frequency generation for joint detection. This perspective aimed at triggering a discussion about the study of TPA and TPEF with only very few photons. The feasibility of the scheme is assessed by estimating the performance based on state-of-the-art technologies and losses, with the conclusion that the realization appears to be very challenging, but not completely impossible.
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6
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Abstract
Multiphoton interference is an important phenomenon in modern quantum mechanics and experimental quantum optics, and it is fundamental for the development of quantum information science and technologies. Over the last three decades, several theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the essential principles underlying such interference and to explore potential applications. Recently, the two-photon interference (TPI) of phase-randomized weak coherent states has played a key role in the realization of long-distance quantum communication based on the use of classical light sources. In this context, we investigated TPI experiments with weak coherent pulses at the single-photon level and quantitatively analyzed the results in terms of the single- and coincidence-counting rates and one- and two-photon interference-fringe shapes. We experimentally examined the Hong–Ou–Mandel-type TPI of phase-randomized weak coherent pulses to compare the TPI effect with that of correlated photons. Further experiments were also performed with two temporally- and spatially separated weak coherent pulses. Although the observed interference results, including the results of visibility and fringe shape, can be suitably explained by classical intensity correlation, the physics underlying the TPI effect needs to be interpreted as the interference between the two-photon states at the single-photon level within the utilized interferometer. The results of this study can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the TPI of coherent light at the single-photon level.
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7
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Bouchard F, Sit A, Zhang Y, Fickler R, Miatto FM, Yao Y, Sciarrino F, Karimi E. Two-photon interference: the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:012402. [PMID: 33232945 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abcd7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 30 years ago, two-photon interference was observed, marking the beginning of a new quantum era. Indeed, two-photon interference has no classical analogue, giving it a distinct advantage for a range of applications. The peculiarities of quantum physics may now be used to our advantage to outperform classical computations, securely communicate information, simulate highly complex physical systems and increase the sensitivity of precise measurements. This separation from classical to quantum physics has motivated physicists to study two-particle interference for both fermionic and bosonic quantum objects. So far, two-particle interference has been observed with massive particles, among others, such as electrons and atoms, in addition to plasmons, demonstrating the extent of this effect to larger and more complex quantum systems. A wide array of novel applications to this quantum effect is to be expected in the future. This review will thus cover the progress and applications of two-photon (two-particle) interference over the last three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bouchard
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alicia Sit
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Robert Fickler
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Filippo M Miatto
- Télécom Paris, LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 19 Place Marguerite Peray, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Yuan Yao
- Télécom Paris, LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 19 Place Marguerite Peray, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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8
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Ditalia Tchernij S, Lühmann T, Corte E, Sardi F, Picollo F, Traina P, Brajković M, Crnjac A, Pezzagna S, Pastuović Ž, Degiovanni IP, Moreva E, Aprà P, Olivero P, Siketić Z, Meijer J, Genovese M, Forneris J. Fluorine-based color centers in diamond. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21537. [PMID: 33298995 PMCID: PMC7726554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the creation and characterization of the luminescence properties of high-purity diamond substrates upon F ion implantation and subsequent thermal annealing. Their room-temperature photoluminescence emission consists of a weak emission line at 558 nm and of intense bands in the 600–750 nm spectral range. Characterization at liquid He temperature reveals the presence of a structured set of lines in the 600–670 nm spectral range. We discuss the dependence of the emission properties of F-related optical centers on different experimental parameters such as the operating temperature and the excitation wavelength. The correlation of the emission intensity with F implantation fluence, and the exclusive observation of the afore-mentioned spectral features in F-implanted and annealed samples provides a strong indication that the observed emission features are related to a stable F-containing defective complex in the diamond lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ditalia Tchernij
- Physics Department, University of Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - T Lühmann
- Applied Quantum Systems, Felix-Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Corte
- Physics Department, University of Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F Sardi
- Physics Department, University of Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - F Picollo
- Physics Department, University of Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - P Traina
- Istituto Nazionale Di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - M Brajković
- Laboratory for Ion Beam Interactions, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Crnjac
- Laboratory for Ion Beam Interactions, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Pezzagna
- Applied Quantum Systems, Felix-Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ž Pastuović
- Centre for Accelerator Science, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - I P Degiovanni
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - E Moreva
- Istituto Nazionale Di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - P Aprà
- Physics Department, University of Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - P Olivero
- Physics Department, University of Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Z Siketić
- Laboratory for Ion Beam Interactions, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Meijer
- Applied Quantum Systems, Felix-Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Genovese
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - J Forneris
- Physics Department, University of Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Di Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale Di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135, Turin, Italy.
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9
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Hoese M, Reddy P, Dietrich A, Koch MK, Fehler KG, Doherty MW, Kubanek A. Mechanical decoupling of quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride from low-energy phonon modes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6038. [PMID: 32998895 PMCID: PMC7527221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride were recently reported to hold unusual narrow homogeneous linewidths of tens of megahertz within the Fourier transform limit at room temperature. This unique observation was traced back to decoupling from in-plane phonon modes. Here, we investigate the origins for the mechanical decoupling. New sample preparation improved spectral diffusion, which allowed us to reveal a gap in the electron-phonon spectral density for low phonon frequencies. This sign for mechanical decoupling persists up to room temperature and explains the observed narrow lines at 300 kelvin. We investigate the dipole emission directionality and reveal preferred photon emission through channels between the layers supporting the claim for out-of-plane distorted defect centers. Our work provides insights into the underlying physics for the persistence of Fourier transform limit lines up to room temperature and gives a guide to the community on how to identify the exotic emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoese
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Prithvi Reddy
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Andreas Dietrich
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael K Koch
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantin G Fehler
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus W Doherty
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Alexander Kubanek
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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10
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Duan ZC, Deng YH, Yu Y, Chen S, Qin J, Wang H, Ding X, Peng LC, Schneider C, Wang DW, Höfling S, Dowling JP, Lu CY, Pan JW. Quantum Beat between Sunlight and Single Photons. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:152-157. [PMID: 31841348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate fourth-order quantum beat between sunlight and single photons from a quantum dot. With a fast time-resolved detection system, we observed high-visibility quantum beat between the independent photons of different frequencies from the two astronomically separated light sources. The temporal dynamics of the beat oscillation indicate the coherent behavior of the interfering photons, and the raw visibility of two-photon interference shows violation of the classical limit with a frequency mismatch of three-times the line width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chen Duan
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yu-Hao Deng
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510275 , China
| | - Si Chen
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Jian Qin
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xing Ding
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institüt and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems , Universitat Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of Physics , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310027 , China
| | - Sven Höfling
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institüt and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems , Universitat Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of St. Andrews , St. Andrews KY16 9SS , United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Dowling
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
- NYU-ECNU Institute for Physics at NYU Shanghai , Shanghai 200062 , China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Shanghai Branch, Department of Modern Physics and National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Shanghai 201315 , China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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11
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Lekavicius I, Wang H. Optical coherence of implanted silicon vacancy centers in thin diamond membranes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31299-31306. [PMID: 31684364 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication and optical characterization of thin diamond membranes implanted with negatively charged silicon vacancy (SiV-) centers. The variations in the membrane thickness enable the experimental study of optical coherence of SiV- centers as the membrane thickness is varied from 100 nm to 1100 nm. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy at low temperature shows that most of the SiV- centers in these membranes feature an optical linewidth ranging between 200 and 300 MHz. Furthermore, there is no discernable dependence of the optical linewidth on the membrane thickness for membranes as thin as 100 nm, indicating the feasibility of incorporating SiV- centers in a varity of diamond nanostructures and still maintaining the excellent optical coherence of these color centers.
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12
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Xia Y, Li Q, Kim J, Bao W, Gong C, Yang S, Wang Y, Zhang X. Room-Temperature Giant Stark Effect of Single Photon Emitter in van der Waals Material. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7100-7105. [PMID: 31518139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single photon emitters (SPEs) are critical building blocks needed for quantum science and technology. For practical applications, room-temperature solid-state platforms are critically demanded. To scale up quantum information processing using, for example, wavelength division multiplexing quantum key distribution, a large tuning range beyond emission line width of single photon energy is required. Stark effect can tune the single photon energy by an electric field. However, it has been achieved only at cryogenic temperature to pursue a shift larger than emission line width. A large Stark tuning beyond emission line width at room temperature still remains elusive. Here we report the first room-temperature Stark effect of SPEs with a giant Stark shift of single photon energy up to 43 meV/(V/nm), largest among all previous color center emitters. Such a giant Stark shift is 4-fold larger than its line width at room temperature, demonstrated by exploiting hBN color centers. Moreover, the intrinsic broken symmetries are determined via angle-resolved Stark effect, for the first time, by the orientation of the electric permanent dipole moment in the solid-state SPE, which is unachievable in traditional optical polarization measurement. The remarkable Stark shift discovered here and the significant advance in understanding its atomic structure pave a way toward the scalable solid-state on-chip quantum communication and computation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) , University of California , 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Quanwei Li
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) , University of California , 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) , University of California , 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Wei Bao
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) , University of California , 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Cheng Gong
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) , University of California , 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Sui Yang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) , University of California , 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) , University of California , 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) , University of California , 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering , University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong , PR China
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13
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Abstract
Diamond hosts optically active color centers with great promise in quantum computation, networking, and sensing. Realization of such applications is contingent upon the integration of color centers into photonic circuits. However, current diamond quantum optics experiments are restricted to single devices and few quantum emitters because fabrication constraints limit device functionalities, thus precluding color center integrated photonic circuits. In this work, we utilize inverse design methods to overcome constraints of cutting-edge diamond nanofabrication methods and fabricate compact and robust diamond devices with unique specifications. Our design method leverages advanced optimization techniques to search the full parameter space for fabricable device designs. We experimentally demonstrate inverse-designed photonic free-space interfaces as well as their scalable integration with two vastly different devices: classical photonic crystal cavities and inverse-designed waveguide-splitters. The multi-device integration capability and performance of our inverse-designed diamond platform represents a critical advancement toward integrated diamond quantum optical circuits. Current diamond quantum optics experiments are restricted to single devices and few quantum emitters due to fabrication constraints. Here, the authors utilize inverse design to overcome constraints of diamond nanofabrication methods and fabricate compact and robust diamond devices with unique specifications.
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14
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Li CH, Li DF, Zheng Y, Sun FW, Du AM, Ge YS. Detecting Axial Ratio of Microwave Field with High Resolution Using NV Centers in Diamond. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:s19102347. [PMID: 31117305 PMCID: PMC6566961 DOI: 10.3390/s19102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polarization property characterization of the microwave (MW) field with high speed and resolution is vitally beneficial as the circularly-polarized MW field plays an important role in the development of quantum technologies and satellite communication technologies. In this work, we propose a scheme to detect the axial ratio of the MW field with optical diffraction limit resolution with a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Firstly, the idea of polarization selective detection of the MW magnetic field is carried out using a single NV center implanted in a type-IIa CVD diamond with a confocal microscope system achieving a sensitivity of 1.7 μ T/ Hz . Then, high speed wide-field characterization of the MW magnetic field at the submillimeter scale is realized by combining wide-field microscopy and ensemble NV centers inherent in a general CVD diamond. The precision axial ratio can be detected by measuring the magnitudes of two counter-rotating circularly-polarized MW magnetic fields. The wide-field detection of the axial ratio and strength parameters of microwave fields enables high speed testing of small-scale microwave devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Deng-Feng Li
- CAS Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- CAS Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Fang-Wen Sun
- CAS Key Lab of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - A M Du
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ya-Song Ge
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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Kim Y, Velizhanin KA, He X, Sarpkaya I, Yomogida Y, Tanaka T, Kataura H, Doorn SK, Htoon H. Photoluminescence Intensity Fluctuations and Temperature-Dependent Decay Dynamics of Individual Carbon Nanotube sp 3 Defects. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1423-1430. [PMID: 30848914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent demonstration of room temperature, telecommunication wavelength single photon generation by sp3 defects of single wall carbon nanotubes established these defects as a new class of quantum materials. However, their practical utilization in development of quantum light sources calls for a significant improvement in their imperfect quantum yield (QY∼10-30%). PL intensity fluctuations observed with some defects also need to be eliminated. Aiming toward attaining fundamental understanding necessary for addressing these critical issues, we investigate PL intensity fluctuation and PL decay dynamics of aryl sp3 defects of (6,5), (7,5), and (10,3) single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) at temperatures ranging from 300 to 4 K. By correlating defect-state PL intensity fluctuations with change (or lack of change) in PL decay dynamics, we identified random variations in the trapping efficiency of E11 band-edge excitons (likely resulting from the existence of a fluctuating potential barrier in the vicinity of the defect) as the mechanism mainly responsible for the defect PL intensity fluctuations. Furthermore, by analyzing the temperature dependence of PL intensity and decay dynamics of individual defects based on a kinetic model involving the trapping and detrapping of excitons by optically allowed and forbidden (bright and dark) defect states, we estimate the height of the potential barrier to be in the 3-22 meV range. Our analysis also provides further confirmation of recent DFT simulation results that the emissive sp3 defect state is accompanied by an energetically higher-lying optically forbidden (dark) exciton state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Application Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Kirill A Velizhanin
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Xiaowei He
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Application Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Ibrahim Sarpkaya
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Application Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Stephen K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Application Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Application Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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16
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Utzat H, Sun W, Kaplan AEK, Krieg F, Ginterseder M, Spokoyny B, Klein ND, Shulenberger KE, Perkinson CF, Kovalenko MV, Bawendi MG. Coherent single-photon emission from colloidal lead halide perovskite quantum dots. Science 2019; 363:1068-1072. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemically made colloidal semiconductor quantum dots have long been proposed as scalable and color-tunable single emitters in quantum optics, but they have typically suffered from prohibitively incoherent emission. We now demonstrate that individual colloidal lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) display highly efficient single-photon emission with optical coherence times as long as 80 picoseconds, an appreciable fraction of their 210-picosecond radiative lifetimes. These measurements suggest that PQDs should be explored as building blocks in sources of indistinguishable single photons and entangled photon pairs. Our results present a starting point for the rational design of lead halide perovskite–based quantum emitters that have fast emission, wide spectral tunability, and scalable production and that benefit from the hybrid integration with nanophotonic components that has been demonstrated for colloidal materials.
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17
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Weber JH, Kambs B, Kettler J, Kern S, Maisch J, Vural H, Jetter M, Portalupi SL, Becher C, Michler P. Two-photon interference in the telecom C-band after frequency conversion of photons from remote quantum emitters. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:23-26. [PMID: 30348956 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient fibre-based long-distance quantum communication via quantum repeaters relies on deterministic single-photon sources at telecom wavelengths, potentially exploiting the existing world-wide infrastructures. For upscaling the experimental complexity in quantum networking, two-photon interference (TPI) of remote non-classical emitters in the low-loss telecom bands is of utmost importance. Several experiments have been conducted regarding TPI of distinct emitters, for example, using trapped atoms1, ions2, nitrogen vacancy centres3,4, silicon vacancy centres5, organic molecules6 and semiconductor quantum dots7,8. However, the spectral range was far from the highly desirable telecom C-band. Here, we exploit quantum frequency conversion to realize TPI at 1,550 nm with single photons stemming from two remote quantum dots. We thereby prove quantum frequency conversion9-11 as a bridging technology and a precise and stable mechanism to erase the frequency difference between independent emitters. On resonance, a TPI visibility of 29 ± 3% has been observed, limited only by the spectral diffusion processes of the individual quantum dots12,13. The local fibre network used covers several rooms between two floors of the building. Even the addition of up to 2 km of fibre channel shows no influence on the TPI visibility, proving the photon wavepacket distortion to be negligible. Our studies pave the way to establish long-distance entanglement distribution between remote solid-state emitters including interfaces with various quantum hybrid systems14-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas H Weber
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kambs
- Fachrichtung Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jan Kettler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon Kern
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Maisch
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Vural
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Jetter
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone L Portalupi
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christoph Becher
- Fachrichtung Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peter Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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18
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Quantum interferometric generation of polarization entangled photons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15733. [PMID: 30356066 PMCID: PMC6200815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum interference, like Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, has played an important role to test fundamental concepts in quantum physics. We experimentally show that the multiple quantum interference effects enable the generation of high-performance polarization entangled photons. These photons have a high-emission rate, are degenerate, have a broadband distribution, and are postselection free. A quantum interferometric scheme, based on a round-trip configuration of a double-pass polarization Sagnac interferometer, makes it possible to use the large generation efficiency of polarization entangled photons in the process of parametric down-conversion and to separate degenerate photon pairs into different optical modes with no requirement of postselection. We demonstrate experimentally that multiple quantum interference is not only an interesting fundamental quantum optical phenomenon but can be used for novel photonic quantum information technologies.
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19
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Hetzl M, Wierzbowski J, Hoffmann T, Kraut M, Zuerbig V, Nebel CE, Müller K, Finley JJ, Stutzmann M. GaN Nanowire Arrays for Efficient Optical Read-Out and Optoelectronic Control of NV Centers in Diamond. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3651-3660. [PMID: 29792713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters embedded in a semiconductor crystal environment are potentially scalable platforms for quantum optical networks operated at room temperature. Prominent representatives are nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond showing coherent entanglement and interference with each other. However, these emitters suffer from inefficient optical outcoupling from the diamond and from fluctuations of their charge state. Here, we demonstrate the implementation of regular n-type gallium nitride nanowire arrays on diamond as photonic waveguides to tailor the emission direction of surface-near NV centers and to electrically control their charge state in a p-i-n nanodiode. We show that the electrical excitation of single NV centers in such a diode can efficiently replace optical pumping. By the engineering of the array parameters, we find an optical read-out efficiency enhanced by a factor of 10 and predict a lateral NV-NV coupling 3 orders of magnitude stronger through evanescently coupled nanowire antennas compared to planar diamond not covered by nanowires, which opens up new possibilities for large-scale on-chip quantum-computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hetzl
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jakob Wierzbowski
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Theresa Hoffmann
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Max Kraut
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Verena Zuerbig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF , 79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Christoph E Nebel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF , 79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martin Stutzmann
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
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20
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Wan NH, Shields BJ, Kim D, Mouradian S, Lienhard B, Walsh M, Bakhru H, Schröder T, Englund D. Efficient Extraction of Light from a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in a Diamond Parabolic Reflector. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2787-2793. [PMID: 29601205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum emitters in solids are being developed for a range of quantum technologies, including quantum networks, computing, and sensing. However, a remaining challenge is the poor photon collection due to the high refractive index of most host materials. Here we overcome this limitation by introducing monolithic parabolic reflectors as an efficient geometry for broadband photon extraction from quantum emitter and experimentally demonstrate this device for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Simulations indicate a photon collection efficiency exceeding 75% across the visible spectrum and experimental devices, fabricated using a high-throughput gray scale lithography process, demonstrating a photon extraction efficiency of (41 ± 5)%. This device enables a raw experimental detection efficiency of (12 ± 1)% with fluorescence detection rates as high as (4.114 ± 0.003) × 106 counts per second (cps) from a single NV center. Enabled by our deterministic emitter localization and fabrication process, we find a high number of exceptional devices with an average count rate of (3.1 ± 0.9) × 106 cps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel H Wan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Brendan J Shields
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Donggyu Kim
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Sara Mouradian
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Benjamin Lienhard
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Michael Walsh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Hassaram Bakhru
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering , SUNY Polytechnic Institute , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
| | - Tim Schröder
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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21
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DFT study of anisotropy effects on the electronic properties of diamond nanowires with nitrogen-vacancy center. J Mol Model 2017; 23:292. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Jungwirth NR, Fuchs GD. Optical Absorption and Emission Mechanisms of Single Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:057401. [PMID: 28949753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the polarization selection rules of sharp zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) from isolated defects in hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) and compare our findings with the predictions of a Huang-Rhys model involving two electronic states. Our survey, which spans the spectral range ∼550-740 nm, reveals that, in disagreement with a two-level model, the absorption and emission dipoles are often misaligned. We relate the dipole misalignment angle (Δθ) of a ZPL to its energy shift from the excitation energy (ΔE) and find that Δθ≈0° when ΔE corresponds to an allowed HBN phonon frequency and that 0°≤Δθ≤90° when ΔE exceeds the maximum allowed HBN phonon frequency. Consequently, a two-level Huang-Rhys model succeeds at describing excitations mediated by the creation of one optical phonon but fails at describing excitations that require the creation of multiple phonons. We propose that direct excitations requiring the creation of multiple phonons are inefficient due to the low Huang-Rhys factors in HBN and that these ZPLs are instead excited indirectly via an intermediate electronic state. This hypothesis is corroborated by polarization measurements of an individual ZPL excited with two distinct wavelengths that indicate a single ZPL may be excited by multiple mechanisms. These findings provide new insight on the nature of the optical cycle of novel defect-based single-photon sources in HBN.
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23
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Wei HR, Long GL. Hybrid quantum gates between flying photon and diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers assisted by optical microcavities. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12918. [PMID: 26271899 PMCID: PMC4536491 DOI: 10.1038/srep12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid quantum gates hold great promise for quantum information processing since they preserve the advantages of different quantum systems. Here we present compact quantum circuits to deterministically implement controlled-NOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates between a flying photon qubit and diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers assisted by microcavities. The target qubits of these universal quantum gates are encoded on the spins of the electrons associated with the diamond NV centers and they have long coherence time for storing information, and the control qubit is encoded on the polarizations of the flying photon and can be easily manipulated. Our quantum circuits are compact, economic, and simple. Moreover, they do not require additional qubits. The complexity of our schemes for universal three-qubit gates is much reduced, compared to the synthesis with two-qubit entangling gates. These schemes have high fidelities and efficiencies, and they are feasible in experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gui Lu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Pingault B, Becker JN, Schulte CHH, Arend C, Hepp C, Godde T, Tartakovskii AI, Markham M, Becher C, Atatüre M. All-optical formation of coherent dark states of silicon-vacancy spins in diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:263601. [PMID: 25615329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spin impurities in diamond can be versatile tools for a wide range of solid-state-based quantum technologies, but finding spin impurities that offer sufficient quality in both photonic and spin properties remains a challenge for this pursuit. The silicon-vacancy center has recently attracted much interest because of its spin-accessible optical transitions and the quality of its optical spectrum. Complementing these properties, spin coherence is essential for the suitability of this center as a spin-photon quantum interface. Here, we report all-optical generation of coherent superpositions of spin states in the ground state of a negatively charged silicon-vacancy center using coherent population trapping. Our measurements reveal a characteristic spin coherence time, T2*, exceeding 45 nanoseconds at 4 K. We further investigate the role of phonon-mediated coupling between orbital states as a source of irreversible decoherence. Our results indicate the feasibility of all-optical coherent control of silicon-vacancy spins using ultrafast laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pingault
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas N Becker
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carsten H H Schulte
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten Arend
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Hepp
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tillmann Godde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Markham
- Element Six Limited, Global Innovation Centre, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Becher
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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25
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Rogers LJ, Jahnke KD, Metsch MH, Sipahigil A, Binder JM, Teraji T, Sumiya H, Isoya J, Lukin MD, Hemmer P, Jelezko F. All-optical initialization, readout, and coherent preparation of single silicon-vacancy spins in diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:263602. [PMID: 25615330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The silicon-vacancy (SiV-) color center in diamond has attracted attention because of its unique optical properties. It exhibits spectral stability and indistinguishability that facilitate efficient generation of photons capable of demonstrating quantum interference. Here we show optical initialization and readout of electronic spin in a single SiV- center with a spin relaxation time of T1=2.4±0.2 ms. Coherent population trapping (CPT) is used to demonstrate coherent preparation of dark superposition states with a spin coherence time of T2⋆=35±3 ns. This is fundamentally limited by orbital relaxation, and an understanding of this process opens the way to extend coherence by engineering interactions with phonons. Hyperfine structure is observed in CPT measurements with the 29Si isotope which allows access to nuclear spin. These results establish the SiV- center as a solid-state spin-photon interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J Rogers
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Kay D Jahnke
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Mathias H Metsch
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Alp Sipahigil
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jan M Binder
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Tokuyuki Teraji
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sumiya
- Advanced Materials R & D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited, Itami, Hyogo 664-0016, Japan
| | - Junichi Isoya
- Research Center for Knowledge Communities, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Philip Hemmer
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
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26
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Sipahigil A, Jahnke KD, Rogers LJ, Teraji T, Isoya J, Zibrov AS, Jelezko F, Lukin MD. Indistinguishable photons from separated silicon-vacancy centers in diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:113602. [PMID: 25259977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond can be used to efficiently generate coherent optical photons with excellent spectral properties. We show that these features are due to the inversion symmetry associated with SiV centers. The generation of indistinguishable single photons from separated emitters at 5 K is demonstrated in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiment. Prospects for realizing efficient quantum network nodes using SiV centers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sipahigil
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - K D Jahnke
- Institute for Quantum Optics, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - L J Rogers
- Institute for Quantum Optics, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - T Teraji
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - J Isoya
- Research Center for Knowledge Communities, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
| | - A S Zibrov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - F Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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27
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Riedrich-Möller J, Arend C, Pauly C, Mücklich F, Fischer M, Gsell S, Schreck M, Becher C. Deterministic coupling of a single silicon-vacancy color center to a photonic crystal cavity in diamond. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5281-7. [PMID: 25111134 DOI: 10.1021/nl502327b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic coupling of single solid-state emitters to nanocavities is the key for integrated quantum information devices. We here fabricate a photonic crystal cavity around a preselected single silicon-vacancy color center in diamond and demonstrate modification of the emitters internal population dynamics and radiative quantum efficiency. The controlled, room-temperature cavity coupling gives rise to a resonant Purcell enhancement of the zero-phonon transition by a factor of 19, coming along with a 2.5-fold reduction of the emitter's lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Riedrich-Möller
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes , Campus E 2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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28
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Rogers LJ, Jahnke KD, Teraji T, Marseglia L, Müller C, Naydenov B, Schauffert H, Kranz C, Isoya J, McGuinness LP, Jelezko F. Multiple intrinsically identical single-photon emitters in the solid state. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4739. [PMID: 25162729 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Emitters of indistinguishable single photons are crucial for the growing field of quantum technologies. To realize scalability and increase the complexity of quantum optics technologies, multiple independent yet identical single-photon emitters are required. However, typical solid-state single-photon sources are inherently dissimilar, necessitating the use of electrical feedback or optical cavities to improve spectral overlap between distinct emitters. Here we demonstrate bright silicon vacancy (SiV(-)) centres in low-strain bulk diamond, which show spectral overlap of up to 91% and nearly transform-limited excitation linewidths. This is the first time that distinct single-photon emitters in the solid state have shown intrinsically identical spectral properties. Our results have impact on the application of single-photon sources for quantum optics and cryptography.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Rogers
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - K D Jahnke
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - T Teraji
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - L Marseglia
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - B Naydenov
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - H Schauffert
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - C Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - J Isoya
- Research Center for Knowledge Communities, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
| | - L P McGuinness
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - F Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
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29
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Dahbashi R, Hübner J, Berski F, Pierz K, Oestreich M. Optical spin noise of a single hole spin localized in an (InGa)As quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:156601. [PMID: 24785063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.156601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We advance spin noise spectroscopy to the ultimate limit of single spin detection. This technique enables the measurement of the spin dynamic of a single heavy hole localized in a flat (InGa)As quantum dot. Magnetic field and light intensity dependent studies reveal even at low magnetic fields a strong magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal heavy hole spin relaxation time with an extremely long T1 of ≥180 μs at 31 mT and 5 K. The wavelength dependence of the spin noise power discloses for finite light intensities an inhomogeneous single quantum dot spin noise spectrum which is explained by charge fluctuations in the direct neighborhood of the quantum dot. The charge fluctuations are corroborated by the distinct intensity dependence of the effective spin relaxation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Dahbashi
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Hübner
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian Berski
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Pierz
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Oestreich
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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30
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Golter DA, Wang H. Optically driven Rabi oscillations and adiabatic passage of single electron spins in diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:116403. [PMID: 24702393 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rabi oscillations and adiabatic passage of single electron spins in a diamond nitrogen vacancy center are demonstrated with two Raman-resonant optical pulses that are detuned from the respective dipole optical transitions. We show that the optical spin control is nuclear-spin selective and can be robust against rapid decoherence, including radiative decay and spectral diffusion, of the underlying optical transitions. A direct comparison between the Rabi oscillation and the adiabatic passage, along with a detailed theoretical analysis, provides significant physical insights into the connections and differences between these coherent spin processes and also elucidates the role of spectral diffusion in these processes. The optically driven coherent spin processes enable the use of nitrogen vacancy excited states to mediate coherent spin-phonon coupling, opening the door to combining optical control of both spin and mechanical degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Andrew Golter
- Department of Physics and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Hailin Wang
- Department of Physics and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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31
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Kumar S, Kristiansen NI, Huck A, Andersen UL. Generation and controlled routing of single plasmons on a chip. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:663-669. [PMID: 24471714 DOI: 10.1021/nl403907w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the excitation of single surface plasmon polaritons on a silver nanowire using a nitrogen vacancy center and the subsequent controlled coupling to a second silver nanowire. The coupling efficiency and thus the splitting ratio between the nanowires is controlled by adjusting the gap size between the wires with an atomic force microscope. By numerical methods, we estimate the splitting ratios for different gap sizes, and the results support the values obtained in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark , Building 309, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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32
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Dorfman KE, Mukamel S. Indistinguishability and correlations of photons generated by quantum emitters undergoing spectral diffusion. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3996. [PMID: 24510121 PMCID: PMC3918844 DOI: 10.1038/srep03996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Photon-based quantum information processing is based on manipulating multi photon interference. We focus on the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) dip in the photon coincidence rate which provides a direct measure of interference of indistinguishable photons linked to their Bose statistics. The effect has been first observed with entangled photons generated by parametric down conversion and then extended to independent emitters. Fluctuations caused by coupling between emitters and a bath can erode the interference which causes the dip. Here we show how the magnitude and shape of the HOM dip is affected by spectral diffusion induced by coupling to a brownian oscillator bath. Conditions for maintaining and controlling the interference are specified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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33
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Chu Y, de Leon NP, Shields BJ, Hausmann B, Evans R, Togan E, Burek MJ, Markham M, Stacey A, Zibrov AS, Yacoby A, Twitchen DJ, Loncar M, Park H, Maletinsky P, Lukin MD. Coherent optical transitions in implanted nitrogen vacancy centers. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1982-6. [PMID: 24588353 DOI: 10.1021/nl404836p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of stable optical transitions in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers created by ion implantation. Using a combination of high temperature annealing and subsequent surface treatment, we reproducibly create NV centers with zero-phonon lines (ZPL) exhibiting spectral diffusion that is close to the lifetime-limited optical line width. The residual spectral diffusion is further reduced by using resonant optical pumping to maintain the NV(-) charge state. This approach allows for placement of NV centers with excellent optical coherence in a well-defined device layer, which is a crucial step in the development of diamond-based devices for quantum optics, nanophotonics, and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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34
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Kennard JE, Hadden JP, Marseglia L, Aharonovich I, Castelletto S, Patton BR, Politi A, Matthews JCF, Sinclair AG, Gibson BC, Prawer S, Rarity JG, O'Brien JL. On-chip manipulation of single photons from a diamond defect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:213603. [PMID: 24313488 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Operating reconfigurable quantum circuits with single photon sources is a key goal of photonic quantum information science and technology. We use an integrated waveguide device containing directional couplers and a reconfigurable thermal phase controller to manipulate single photons emitted from a chromium related color center in diamond. Observation of both a wavelike interference pattern and particlelike sub-Poissionian autocorrelation functions demonstrates coherent manipulation of single photons emitted from the chromium related center and verifies wave particle duality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kennard
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Quantum Photonics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom and National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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35
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Two-photon interference of weak coherent laser pulses recalled from separate solid-state quantum memories. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2386. [PMID: 23985479 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum memories allowing reversible transfer of quantum states between light and matter are central to quantum repeaters, quantum networks and linear optics quantum computing. Significant progress regarding the faithful transfer of quantum information has been reported in recent years. However, none of these demonstrations confirm that the re-emitted photons remain suitable for two-photon interference measurements, such as C-NOT gates and Bell-state measurements, which constitute another key ingredient for all aforementioned applications. Here, using pairs of laser pulses at the single-photon level, we demonstrate two-photon interference and Bell-state measurements after either none, one or both pulses have been reversibly mapped to separate thulium-doped lithium niobate waveguides. As the interference is always near the theoretical maximum, we conclude that our solid-state quantum memories, in addition to faithfully mapping quantum information, also preserve the entire photonic wavefunction. Hence, our memories are generally suitable for future applications of quantum information processing that require two-photon interference.
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36
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Bernien H, Hensen B, Pfaff W, Koolstra G, Blok MS, Robledo L, Taminiau TH, Markham M, Twitchen DJ, Childress L, Hanson R. Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres. Nature 2013; 497:86-90. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Abstract
The study of individual quantum systems in solids, for use as quantum bits (qubits) and probes of decoherence, requires protocols for their initialization, unitary manipulation, and readout. In many solid-state quantum systems, these operations rely on disparate techniques that can vary widely depending on the particular qubit structure. One such qubit, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin in diamond, can be initialized and read out through its special spin-selective intersystem crossing, while microwave electron spin resonance techniques provide unitary spin rotations. Instead, we demonstrate an alternative, fully optical approach to these control protocols in an NV center that does not rely on its intersystem crossing. By tuning an NV center to an excited-state spin anticrossing at cryogenic temperatures, we use coherent population trapping and stimulated Raman techniques to realize initialization, readout, and unitary manipulation of a single spin. Each of these techniques can be performed directly along any arbitrarily chosen quantum basis, removing the need for extra control steps to map the spin to and from a preferred basis. Combining these protocols, we perform measurements of the NV center's spin coherence, a demonstration of this full optical control. Consisting solely of optical pulses, these techniques enable control within a smaller footprint and within photonic networks. Likewise, this unified approach obviates the need for both electron spin resonance manipulation and spin addressability through the intersystem crossing. This method could therefore be applied to a wide range of potential solid-state qubits, including those which currently lack a means to be addressed.
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38
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Siyushev P, Pinto H, Vörös M, Gali A, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J. Optically controlled switching of the charge state of a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond at cryogenic temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:167402. [PMID: 23679637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, the photoinduced switching of the single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center between two different charge states, negative (NV(-)) and neutral (NV(0)), is studied under resonant excitation at liquid helium temperature. We show that resonant conversion of NV(0) to NV(-) significantly improves spectral stability of the NV(-) defect and allows high fidelity initialization of the spin qubit. Based on density functional theory calculations a novel mechanism involving an Auger ionization of NV(-) and charge transfer of an electron from the valence band to NV(0) is discussed. This study provides further insight into the charge dynamics of the NV center, which is relevant for quantum information processing based on an NV(-) defect in diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Siyushev
- 3. Physikalisches Institut and Stuttgart Research Center of Photonic Engineering (SCoPE), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany.
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39
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Nölleke C, Neuzner A, Reiserer A, Hahn C, Rempe G, Ritter S. Efficient teleportation between remote single-atom quantum memories. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:140403. [PMID: 25166964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.140403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate teleportation of quantum bits between two single atoms in distant laboratories. Using a time-resolved photonic Bell-state measurement, we achieve a teleportation fidelity of (88.0 ± 1.5)%, largely determined by our entanglement fidelity. The low photon collection efficiency in free space is overcome by trapping each atom in an optical cavity. The resulting success probability of 0.1% is almost 5 orders of magnitude larger than in previous experiments with remote material qubits. It is mainly limited by photon propagation and detection losses and can be enhanced with a cavity-based deterministic Bell-state measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nölleke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Neuzner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiserer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Carolin Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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40
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Dréau A, Spinicelli P, Maze JR, Roch JF, Jacques V. Single-shot readout of multiple nuclear spin qubits in diamond under ambient conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:060502. [PMID: 23432227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We use the electronic spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond to observe the real-time evolution of neighboring single nuclear spins under ambient conditions. Using a diamond sample with a natural abundance of (13)C isotopes, we first demonstrate high fidelity initialization and single-shot readout of an individual (13)C nuclear spin. By including the intrinsic (14)N nuclear spin of the nitrogen-vacancy defect in the quantum register, we then report the simultaneous observation of quantum jumps linked to both nuclear spin species, providing an efficient initialization of the two qubits. These results open up new avenues for diamond-based quantum information processing including active feedback in quantum error correction protocols and tests of quantum correlations with solid-state single spins at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dréau
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan and CNRS UMR 8537, 94235 Cachan, France
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41
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Wolters J, Sadzak N, Schell AW, Schröder T, Benson O. Measurement of the ultrafast spectral diffusion of the optical transition of nitrogen vacancy centers in nano-size diamond using correlation interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:027401. [PMID: 23383937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.027401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spectral diffusion is the phenomenon of random jumps in the emission wavelength of narrow lines. This phenomenon is a major hurdle for applications of solid state quantum emitters like quantum dots, molecules, or diamond defect centers in an integrated quantum optical technology. Here, we provide further insight into the underlying processes of spectral diffusion of the zero-phonon line of single nitrogen vacancy centers in nano-size diamond by using a novel method based on photon correlation interferometry. The method works although the spectral diffusion rate is several orders of magnitude higher than the photon detection rate and thereby improves the time resolution of previous experiments with nano-size diamond by 6 orders of magnitude. We study the dependency of the spectral diffusion rate on the excitation power, temperature, and excitation wavelength under off-resonant excitation. Our results bring insight into the mechanism of spectral diffusion and suggest a strategy to increase the number of spectrally indistinguishable photons emitted by diamond nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Wolters
- Nano-Optics, Institute of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Ates S, Agha I, Gulinatti A, Rech I, Rakher MT, Badolato A, Srinivasan K. Two-photon interference using background-free quantum frequency conversion of single photons emitted by an InAs quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:147405. [PMID: 23083286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.147405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We show that quantum frequency conversion (QFC) can overcome the spectral distinguishability common to inhomogeneously broadened solid-state quantum emitters. QFC is implemented by combining single photons from an InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) at 980 nm with a 1550 nm pump laser in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide to generate photons at 600 nm with a signal-to-background ratio exceeding 100:1. Photon correlation and two-photon interference measurements confirm that both the single photon character and wave packet interference of individual QD states are preserved during frequency conversion. Finally, we convert two spectrally separate QD transitions to the same wavelength in a single PPLN waveguide and show that the resulting field exhibits nonclassical two-photon interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Ates
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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