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Srivastava PK, Hassan Y, Lee S, Joe M, Abbas MS, Ahn H, Tiwari A, Ghosh S, Yoo WJ, Singh B, Low T, Lee C. Unusual Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Graphene/Fe 3GeTe 2 Van der Waals Heterostructure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402604. [PMID: 38898739 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is shown to induce a topologically protected chiral spin texture in magnetic/nonmagnetic heterostructures. In the context of van der Waals spintronic devices, graphene emerges as an excellent candidate material. However, due to its negligible spin-orbit interaction, inducing DMI to stabilize topological spins when coupled to 3d-ferromagnets remains challenging. Here, it is demonstrated that, despite these challenges, a sizeable Rashba-type spin splitting followed by significant DMI is induced in graphene/Fe3GeTe2. This is made possible due to an interfacial electric field driven by charge asymmetry together with the broken inversion symmetry of the heterostructure. These findings reveal that the enhanced DMI energy parameter, resulting from a large effective electron mass in Fe3GeTe2, remarkably contributes to stabilizing non-collinear spins below the Curie temperature, overcoming the magnetic anisotropy energy. These results are supported by the topological Hall effect, which coexists with the non-trivial breakdown of Fermi liquid behavior, confirming the interplay between spins and non-trivial topology. This work paves the way toward the design and control of interface-driven skyrmion-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasir Hassan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34143, South Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Minwoong Joe
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34143, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Sabbtain Abbas
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hyobin Ahn
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Ankita Tiwari
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subhasis Ghosh
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Budhi Singh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Changgu Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
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2
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Liu L, Wang D, Wang D, Sun Y, Lin H, Gong X, Zhang Y, Tang R, Mai Z, Hou Z, Yang Y, Li P, Wang L, Luo Q, Li L, Xing G, Liu M. Domain wall magnetic tunnel junction-based artificial synapses and neurons for all-spin neuromorphic hardware. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4534. [PMID: 38806482 PMCID: PMC11133408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a breakthrough in the hardware implementation of energy-efficient all-spin synapse and neuron devices for highly scalable integrated neuromorphic circuits. Our work demonstrates the successful execution of all-spin synapse and activation function generator using domain wall-magnetic tunnel junctions. By harnessing the synergistic effects of spin-orbit torque and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in selectively etched spin-orbit coupling layers, we achieve a programmable multi-state synaptic device with high reliability. Our first-principles calculations confirm that the reduced atomic distance between 5d and 3d atoms enhances Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, leading to stable domain wall pinning. Our experimental results, supported by visualizing energy landscapes and theoretical simulations, validate the proposed mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate a spin-neuron with a sigmoidal activation function, enabling high operation frequency up to 20 MHz and low energy consumption of 508 fJ/operation. A neuron circuit design with a compact sigmoidal cell area and low power consumption is also presented, along with corroborated experimental implementation. Our findings highlight the great potential of domain wall-magnetic tunnel junctions in the development of all-spin neuromorphic computing hardware, offering exciting possibilities for energy-efficient and scalable neural network architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430206, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huai Lin
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiliang Gong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruifeng Tang
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihong Mai
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430206, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Lab of Low Dimensional Magnetism and Spintronic Devices, School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guozhong Xing
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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3
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Zhang C, Jiang Z, Jiang J, He W, Zhang J, Hu F, Zhao S, Yang D, Liu Y, Peng Y, Yang H, Yang H. Above-room-temperature chiral skyrmion lattice and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 3-xGaTe 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4472. [PMID: 38796498 PMCID: PMC11127993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skyrmions in existing 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials have primarily been limited to cryogenic temperatures, and the underlying physical mechanism of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), a crucial ingredient for stabilizing chiral skyrmions, remains inadequately explored. Here, we report the observation of Néel-type skyrmions in a vdW ferromagnet Fe3-xGaTe2 above room temperature. Contrary to previous assumptions of centrosymmetry in Fe3-xGaTe2, the atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that the off-centered FeΙΙ atoms break the spatial inversion symmetry, rendering it a polar metal. First-principles calculations further elucidate that the DMI primarily stems from the Te sublayers through the Fert-Lévy mechanism. Remarkably, the chiral skyrmion lattice in Fe3-xGaTe2 can persist up to 330 K at zero magnetic field, demonstrating superior thermal stability compared to other known skyrmion vdW magnets. This work provides valuable insights into skyrmionics and presents promising prospects for 2D material-based skyrmion devices operating beyond room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Ze Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy and Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wa He
- School of Materials and Energy and Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy and Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fanrui Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Shishun Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yong Peng
- School of Materials and Energy and Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hongxin Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- Center for Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Hyunsoo Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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Cui Q, Zhu Y, Jiang J, Cui P, Yang H, Chang K, Wang K. Anatomy of Hidden Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions and Topological Spin Textures in Centrosymmetric Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38739551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is understood to be forbidden by the symmetry of centrosymmetric systems, thus restricting the candidate types for investigating many correlated physical phenomena. Here, we report the hidden DMI existing in centrosymmetric magnets driven by the local inversion symmetry breaking of specific spin sublattices. The opposite DMI spatially localized on the inverse spin sublattice favors the separated spin spiral with opposite chirality. Furthermore, we elucidate that hidden DMI widely exists in many potential candidates, from the first-principles calculations on the mature crystal database. Interestingly, novel topological spin configurations, such as the anti-chirality-locked merons and antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic meron chains, are stabilized as a consequence of hidden DMI. Our understanding enables the effective control of DMI by symmetry operations at the atomic level and enlarges the range of currently useful magnets for topological magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Cui
- Center for Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yingmei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spintronics Materials, Devices and Systems of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311305, China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Center for Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Yongjiang Laboratory, Ningbo 315202, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- Center for Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Center for Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Li Z, Yin Q, Lv W, Shen J, Wang S, Zhao T, Cai J, Lei H, Lin SZ, Zhang Y, Shen B. Electron-Assisted Generation and Straight Movement of Skyrmion Bubble in Kagome TbMn 6Sn 6. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309538. [PMID: 38366361 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Topological magnetic textures are promising candidates as binary data units for the next-generation memory device. The precise generation and convenient control of nontrivial spin topology at zero field near room temperature endows the critical advantages in skyrmionic devices but is not simultaneously integrated into one material. Here, in the Kagome plane of quantum TbMn6Sn6, the expedient generation of the skyrmion bubbles in versatile forms of lattice, chain, and isolated one by converging the electron beam, where the electron intensity gradient contributes to the dynamic generation from local anisotropy variation near spin reorientation transition (SRT) is reported. Encouragingly, by utilizing the dynamic shift of the SRT domain interface, the straight movement is actualized with the skyrmion bubble slave to the SRT domain interface forming an elastic composite object, avoiding the usual deflection from the skyrmion Hall effect. The critical contribution of the SRT domain interface via conveniently electron-assisted heating is further theoretically validated in micromagnetic simulation, highlighting the compatible application possibility in advanced devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Qiangwei Yin
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Wenxin Lv
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Tongyun Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jianwang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Hechang Lei
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shi-Zeng Lin
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Open Access Research Infrastrucure, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Baogen Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
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6
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Chen Z, Hu H, Feng D, Guan Z, Zhong T, Wu X, Song C. Intrinsic edge states and strain-tunable spin textures in the Janus 1T-VTeCl monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8623-8630. [PMID: 38426271 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05744e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations and micro-magnetic simulations, we investigate the electronic structures, the effect of biaxial strain on the topological characteristics, magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE), Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and spin textures in the Janus 1T phase VTeCl (1T-VTeCl) monolayer. Our results show that 1T-VTeCl has an intrinsic edge state, and a topological phase transition with a sizeable band gap is achieved by applying biaxial strain. Interestingly, the MAE can be switched from the in-plane to the off-plane with a compressive strain of -5%. Microscopically, the origin of MAE is mainly associated with the large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) from the heavy nonmagnetic Te atoms rather than that from the V atoms. Furthermore, the induced DMI (0.09 meV) can occur stabilizing magnetic merons without applying temperatures and magnetic fields. Then, the skyrmions, frustrated antiferromagnetism and vortex are induced after applying a suitable compressive strain. Our study provides compelling evidence that the 1T-VTeCl monolayer with topological properties holds great potential for application in spintronic devices, as well as information storage devices based on different magnetic phases achievable through strain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Hongliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Dushuo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zhihao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Changsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Longgang Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Wenzhou 325802, China
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7
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Meng Y, Meng F, Hou M, Zheng Q, Wang B, Zhu R, Feng C, Yu G. Regulation of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in ferromagnetic multilayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:193001. [PMID: 38286006 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (i-DMI) exists in the film materials with inversion symmetry breaking, which can stabilize a series of nonlinear spin structures and control their chirality, such as Néel-type domain wall, magnetic skyrmion and spin spiral. In addition, the strength and chirality of i-DMI are directly related to the dynamic behavior of these nonlinear spin structures. Therefore, regulating the strength and chirality of i-DMI not only has an important scientific significance for enriching spintronics and topological physics, but also has a significant practical value for constructing a new generation of memorizer, logic gate, and brain-like devices with low-power. This review summarizes the research progress on the regulation of i-DMI in ferromagnetic films and provides some prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqi Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronggui Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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8
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Li Z, Zhang H, Li G, Guo J, Wang Q, Deng Y, Hu Y, Hu X, Liu C, Qin M, Shen X, Yu R, Gao X, Liao Z, Liu J, Hou Z, Zhu Y, Fu X. Room-temperature sub-100 nm Néel-type skyrmions in non-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 3-xGaTe 2 with ultrafast laser writability. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1017. [PMID: 38310096 PMCID: PMC10838308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Realizing room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnets offers unparalleled prospects for future spintronic applications. However, due to the intrinsic spin fluctuations that suppress atomic long-range magnetic order and the inherent inversion crystal symmetry that excludes the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, achieving room-temperature skyrmions in 2D magnets remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we target room-temperature 2D magnet Fe3GaTe2 and unveil that the introduction of iron-deficient into this compound enables spatial inversion symmetry breaking, thus inducing a significant Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that brings about room-temperature Néel-type skyrmions with unprecedentedly small size. To further enhance the practical applications of this finding, we employ a homemade in-situ optical Lorentz transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate ultrafast writing of skyrmions in Fe3-xGaTe2 using a single femtosecond laser pulse. Our results manifest the Fe3-xGaTe2 as a promising building block for realizing skyrmion-based magneto-optical functionalities.
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Grants
- This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China at grant No. 2020YFA0309300, Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou (grant No. 202201000008), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) at grant No. 12304146, 11974191, 12127803, 52322108, 52271178, U22A20117 and 12241403, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741828), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (grant No. 2021B1515120047 and 2023B1515020112), the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin at grant No. 20JCJQJC00210, the 111 Project at grant No. B23045, and the “Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”, Nankai University (grant No. 63213040, C029211101, C02922101, ZB22000104 and DK2300010207). This work was supported by the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefang Li
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqi Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangteng Guo
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingping Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuange Hu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Can Liu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghui Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richeng Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA.
| | - Xuewen Fu
- Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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9
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Zhao GD, Fu W, Li Y, Liu X, Jia F, Hu T, Ren W. Hidden Valley Polarization, Piezoelectricity, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions of Janus Vanadium Dichalcogenides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1268-1275. [PMID: 38113122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of inversion symmetry and the discovery of room-temperature ferromagnetism, two-dimensional semiconducting vanadium-based van der Waals transition-metal dichalcogenides (V-TMDs) are drawing attention for their possible application in spintronics and valleytronics. Here, we show the functional properties enriched by the broken inversion, out-of-plane mirror, and time-reversal symmetries of Janus H-VXY TMDs (X, Y = S, Se, Te). By first-principles calculations, we reveal the intrinsic xy easy-plane magnetism of the Janus vanadium-based TMD monolayers and systematically study their hidden valley polarization and giant magneto band structure. Their strong nearest-neighbor exchange strengths lead to near-room-temperature magnetic phase transitions. The Janus H-VXY system also exhibits piezoelectricity with nonzero e31 and e21. Interestingly, it is found that the right-handed Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction has nonzero in-plane components in our Janus system, with fluctuating magnitudes determined by competence between relaxed bond-angle and atomic index of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Zhao
- Department of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weida Fu
- Department of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongchang Li
- Department of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xingen Liu
- Department of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- School of Mathematical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Fanhao Jia
- Department of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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10
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McLaughlin N, Li S, Brock JA, Zhang S, Lu H, Huang M, Xiao Y, Zhou J, Tserkovnyak Y, Fullerton EE, Wang H, Du CR. Local Control of a Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center by Nanoscale Engineered Magnetic Domain Wall Motion. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25689-25696. [PMID: 38050827 PMCID: PMC10753891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective control and readout of qubits form the technical foundation of next-generation, transformative quantum information sciences and technologies. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, an intrinsic three-level spin system, is naturally relevant in this context due to its excellent quantum coherence, high fidelity of operations, and remarkable functionality over a broad range of experimental conditions. It is an active contender for the development and implementation of cutting-edge quantum technologies. Here, we report magnetic domain wall motion driven local control and measurements of the NV spin properties. By engineering the local magnetic field environment of an NV center via nanoscale reconfigurable domain wall motion, we show that NV photoluminescence, spin level energies, and coherence time can be reliably controlled and correlated to the magneto-transport response of a magnetic device. Our results highlight the electrically tunable dipole interaction between NV centers and nanoscale magnetic structures, providing an attractive platform to realize interactive information transfer between spin qubits and nonvolatile magnetic memory in hybrid quantum spintronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
J. McLaughlin
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Senlei Li
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Brock
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Shu Zhang
- Max Planck
Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Hanyi Lu
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mengqi Huang
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yaroslav Tserkovnyak
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eric E. Fullerton
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chunhui Rita Du
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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11
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Yun C, Liang Z, Hrabec A, Liu Z, Huang M, Wang L, Xiao Y, Fang Y, Li W, Yang W, Hou Y, Yang J, Heyderman LJ, Gambardella P, Luo Z. Electrically programmable magnetic coupling in an Ising network exploiting solid-state ionic gating. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6367. [PMID: 37821464 PMCID: PMC10567909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional arrays of magnetically coupled nanomagnets provide a mesoscopic platform for exploring collective phenomena as well as realizing a broad range of spintronic devices. In particular, the magnetic coupling plays a critical role in determining the nature of the cooperative behavior and providing new functionalities in nanomagnet-based devices. Here, we create coupled Ising-like nanomagnets in which the coupling between adjacent nanomagnetic regions can be reversibly converted between parallel and antiparallel through solid-state ionic gating. This is achieved with the voltage-control of the magnetic anisotropy in a nanosized region where the symmetric exchange interaction favors parallel alignment and the antisymmetric exchange interaction, namely the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, favors antiparallel alignment of the nanomagnet magnetizations. Applying this concept to a two-dimensional lattice, we demonstrate a voltage-controlled phase transition in artificial spin ices. Furthermore, we achieve an addressable control of the individual couplings and realize an electrically programmable Ising network, which opens up new avenues to design nanomagnet-based logic devices and neuromorphic computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Aleš Hrabec
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Magnetism and Interface Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Mantao Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Xiao
- Division of Functional Materials, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Group, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yikun Fang
- Division of Functional Materials, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Group, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Functional Materials, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Group, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Laura J Heyderman
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Pietro Gambardella
- Laboratory for Magnetism and Interface Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zhaochu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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12
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Liang S, Chen R, Cui Q, Zhou Y, Pan F, Yang H, Song C. Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-Type Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Synthetic Magnets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8690-8696. [PMID: 37695701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Conduction electron spins interacting with magnetic impurity spins can mediate an interlayer exchange interaction, namely, the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction. This discovery opened the way to significant technological developments in the field of magnetic storage and spintronics. So far, the RKKY-type interlayer interaction has been found to construct symmetric coupling of magnetism; however, the asymmetric counterpart remains unexplored. Here we report unprecedented RKKY-type interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in synthetic magnets, exhibiting a damped oscillatory feature. This asymmetric interlayer interaction is found to be dramatically dependent on the intermediate coupling layer. By introducing the Fert-Lévy model to the trilayer system, we reveal that the in-plane inversion symmetry breaking plays a pivotal role for generating interlayer DMI and the RKKY oscillation is an intrinsic behavior in metallic multilayers. Our finding fills up the empty block for RKKY-type asymmetric interlayer exchange coupling in comparison to the well-known (symmetric) RKKY-type interlayer exchange coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qirui Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Cho J, Jung J, Kim SB, Ju WR, Kim DH, Byun M, Kim JS. The Stack Optimization of Magnetic Heterojunction Structures for Next-Generation Spintronic Logic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6418. [PMID: 37834555 PMCID: PMC10573172 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic heterojunction structures with a suppressed interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and a sustainable long-range interlayer exchange coupling are achieved with an ultrathin platinum insertion layer. The systematic inelastic light scattering spectroscopy measurements indicate that the insertion layer restores the symmetry of the system and, then, the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, which can prevent the identical magnetic domain wall motions, is obviously minimized. Nevertheless, the strong interlayer exchange coupling of the system is maintained. Consequently, synthetic ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange couplings as a function of the ruthenium layer thickness are observed as well. Therefore, these optimized magnetic multilayer stacks can avoid crucial issues, such as domain wall tilting and position problems, for next-generation spintronic logic applications. Moreover, the synthetic antiferromagnetic coupling can open a new path to develop a radically different NOT gate via current-induced magnetic domain wall motions and inversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehun Cho
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyong Jung
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bok Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ri Ju
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyeon Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Byun
- Department of Materials Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Seo Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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14
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Guan Z, Shen Z, Xue Y, Zhong T, Wu X, Song C. Electronic properties, skyrmions and bimerons in Janus CrXY (X, Y = S, Se, Te, Cl, Br, I, and X ≠ Y) monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24968-24975. [PMID: 37697805 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the electronic properties, chiral skyrmions and bimerons in two-dimensional (2D) Janus CrXY (X, Y = S, Se, Te, Cl, Br, I, and X ≠ Y) monolayers. We found that the categories of nonmagnetic atoms (X and Y in CrXY) determine whether CrXY is a ferromagnetic metal or a semiconductor. Unexpectedly, the CrBrS monolayer of these CrXY materials is a room temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature of 303 K, and it possesses an off-plane magnetic anisotropy energy of 0.06 meV. Besides, a strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) of 3.10 meV is found in CrTeI and is mainly induced by the strong spin-orbit coupling of the nonmagnetic atoms Te(I) rather than that of the magnetic Cr atoms. Furthermore, using micromagnetic simulations, skyrmions can be stabilized in CrSeBr without external magnetic fields. More importantly, the bimerons in CrSeCl with in-plane magnetic anisotropy can be transformed into skyrmions or a ferromagnetic state by controlling the direction of external magnetic fields. Our work investigates fourteen kinds of Janus monolayers, serving as guidelines for materials research on DMI, skyrmions and bimerons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yufei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Changsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Longgang Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Wenzhou, 325802, China
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15
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Liu C, Jiang J, Zhang C, Wang Q, Zhang H, Zheng D, Li Y, Ma Y, Algaidi H, Gao X, Hou Z, Mi W, Liu J, Qiu Z, Zhang X. Controllable Skyrmionic Phase Transition between Néel Skyrmions and Bloch Skyrmionic Bubbles in van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe 3-δ GeTe 2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303443. [PMID: 37505392 PMCID: PMC10520623 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet Fe3-δ GeTe2 has garnered significant research interest as a platform for skyrmionic spin configurations, that is, skyrmions and skyrmionic bubbles. However, despite extensive efforts, the origin of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in Fe3-δ GeTe2 remains elusive, making it challenging to acquire these skyrmionic phases in a controlled manner. In this study, it is demonstrated that the Fe content in Fe3-δ GeTe2 has a profound effect on the crystal structure, DMI, and skyrmionic phase. For the first time, a marked increase in Fe atom displacement with decreasing Fe content is observed, transforming the original centrosymmetric crystal structure into a non-centrosymmetric symmetry, leading to a considerable DMI. Additionally, by varying the Fe content and sample thickness, a controllable transition between Néel-type skyrmions and Bloch-type skyrmionic bubbles is achieved, governed by a delicate interplay between dipole-dipole interaction and the DMI. The findings offer novel insights into the variable skyrmionic phases in Fe3-δ GeTe2 and provide the impetus for developing vdW ferromagnet-based spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low‐Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300354China
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingping Wang
- College of Electronic Information and AutomationAba Teachers UniversityPixian StreetSichuan623002China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Huai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Dongxing Zheng
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Yinchang Ma
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Algaidi
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low‐Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300354China
| | - Jun‐ming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing211102China
| | - Ziqiang Qiu
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
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16
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He Z, Du W, Dou K, Dai Y, Huang B, Ma Y. Ferroelectrically tunable magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional multiferroics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3450-3457. [PMID: 37345913 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected entities that are promising for information storage and processing. Currently, an essential challenge for future advances of skyrmionic devices lies in achieving effective control of skyrmion properties. Here, through first-principles and Monte-Carlo simulations, we report the identification of nontrivial topological magnetism in two-dimensional multiferroics of Co2NF2. Because of ferroelectricity, monolayer Co2NF2 exhibits a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This together with exchange interaction can stabilize magnetic skyrmions with the size of sub-10 nm under a moderate magnetic field. Importantly, arising from the magnetoelectric coupling effect, the chirality of magnetic skyrmions is ferroelectrically tunable, producing the four-fold degenerate skyrmions. When interfacing with monolayer MoSe2, the creation and annihilation of magnetic skyrmions, as well as phase transition between skyrmion and skyrmion lattice, can be realized in a ferroelectrically controllable fashion. A dimensionless parameter κ' is further proposed as the criterion for stabilizing magnetic skyrmions in such multiferroic lattices. Our work greatly enriches the two-dimensional skyrmionics and multiferroics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin He
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Wenhui Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Kaiying Dou
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Baibiao Huang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Yandong Ma
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China.
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17
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Zelent M, Moalic M, Mruczkiewicz M, Li X, Zhou Y, Krawczyk M. Stabilization and racetrack application of asymmetric Néel skyrmions in hybrid nanostructures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13572. [PMID: 37604926 PMCID: PMC10442414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions, topological quasiparticles, are small stable magnetic textures that possess intriguing properties and potential for data storage applications. Hybrid nanostructures comprised of skyrmions and soft magnetic material can offer additional advantages for developing skyrmion-based spintronic and magnonic devices. We show that a Néel-type skyrmion confined within a nanodot placed on top of a ferromagnetic in-plane magnetized stripe produces a unique and compelling platform for exploring the mutual coupling between magnetization textures. The skyrmion induces an imprint upon the stripe, which, in turn, asymmetrically squeezes the skyrmion in the dot, increasing their size and the range of skyrmion stability at small values of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, as well as introducing skyrmion bi-stability. Finally, by exploiting the properties of the skyrmion in a hybrid system, we demonstrate unlimited skyrmion transport along a racetrack, free of the skyrmion Hall effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Zelent
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mathieu Moalic
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Mruczkiewicz
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 841-04, Slovakia
- Centre For Advanced Materials Application CEMEA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 11, Slovakia
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Maciej Krawczyk
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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18
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Burgos-Parra E, Sassi Y, Legrand W, Ajejas F, Léveillé C, Gargiani P, Valvidares M, Reyren N, Cros V, Jaouen N, Flewett S. Probing of three-dimensional spin textures in multilayers by field dependent X-ray resonant magnetic scattering. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11711. [PMID: 37474533 PMCID: PMC10359410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In multilayers of magnetic thin films with perpendicular anisotropy, domain walls can take on hybrid configurations in the vertical direction which minimize the domain wall energy, with Néel walls in the top or bottom layers and Bloch walls in some central layers. These types of textures are theoretically predicted, but their observation has remained challenging until recently, with only a few techniques capable of realizing a three dimensional characterization of their magnetization distribution. Here we perform a field dependent X-ray resonant magnetic scattering measurements on magnetic multilayers exploiting circular dichroism contrast to investigate such structures. Using a combination of micromagnetic and X-ray resonant magnetic scattering simulations along with our experimental results, we characterize the three-dimensional magnetic texture of domain walls, notably the thickness resolved characterization of the size and position of the Bloch part in hybrid walls. We also take a step in advancing the resonant scattering methodology by using measurements performed off the multilayer Bragg angle in order to calibrate the effective absorption of the X-rays, and permitting a quantitative evaluation of the out of plane (z) structure of our samples. Beyond hybrid domain walls, this approach can be used to characterize other periodic chiral structures such as skyrmions, antiskyrmions or even magnetic bobbers or hopfions, in both static and dynamic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Burgos-Parra
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France.
- University of Santiago de Chile, Avenida Víctor Jara 3493, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Yanis Sassi
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - William Legrand
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Fernando Ajejas
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Cyril Léveillé
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierluigi Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Reyren
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Vincent Cros
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicolas Jaouen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Samuel Flewett
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaiso, Chile
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19
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Carvalho PC, Miranda IP, Brandão J, Bergman A, Cezar JC, Klautau AB, Petrilli HM. Correlation of Interface Interdiffusion and Skyrmionic Phases. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37235539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are prime candidates for the next generation of spintronic devices. Skyrmions and other topological magnetic structures are known to be stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) that occurs when the inversion symmetry is broken in thin films. Here, we show by first-principles calculations and atomistic spin dynamics simulations that metastable skyrmionic states can also be found in nominally symmetric multilayered systems. We demonstrate that this is correlated with the large enhancement of the DMI strength due to the presence of local defects. In particular, we find that metastable skyrmions can occur in Pd/Co/Pd multilayers without external magnetic fields and can be stable even near room temperature conditions. Our theoretical findings corroborate with magnetic force microscopy images and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements and highlight the possibility of tuning the intensity of DMI by using interdiffusion at thin film interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela C Carvalho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Rua do Matão, 1371, São Paulo 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan P Miranda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Jeovani Brandão
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anders Bergman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Júlio C Cezar
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela B Klautau
- Faculdade de Física, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110 , Pará, Brazil
- Departamento de Física da Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-183, Portugal
| | - Helena M Petrilli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Rua do Matão, 1371, São Paulo 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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El-Kerdi B, Thiaville A, Rohart S, Panigrahy S, Brás N, Sampaio J, Mougin A. Evidence of Strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction at the Cobalt/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Interface. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3202-3208. [PMID: 37053437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) were measured on four series of Co films (1-2.2 nm thick) grown on Pt or Au and covered with h-BN or Cu. Clean h-BN/Co interfaces were obtained by exfoliating h-BN and transferring it onto the Co film in situ in the ultra-high-vacuum evaporation chamber. By comparing h-BN and Cu-covered samples, the DMI induced by the Co/h-BN interface was extracted and found to be comparable in strength to that of the Pt/Co interface, one of the largest known values. The strong observed DMI despite the weak spin-orbit interaction in h-BN supports a Rashba-like origin in agreement with recent theoretical results. Upon combination of it with Pt/Co in Pt/Co/h-BN heterostructures, even stronger PMA and DMI are found which stabilizes skyrmions at room temperature and a low magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banan El-Kerdi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - André Thiaville
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Stanislas Rohart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sujit Panigrahy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nuno Brás
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - João Sampaio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alexandra Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
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21
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Xu T, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Bai H, Song C, Liu J, Zhou Y, Je SG, N'Diaye AT, Im MY, Yu R, Chen Z, Jiang W. Systematic Control of Ferrimagnetic Skyrmions via Composition Modulation in Pt/Fe 1-xTb x/Ta Multilayers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7920-7928. [PMID: 37010987 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin textures that can be used as memory and logic components for advancing the next generation spintronics. In this regard, control of nanoscale skyrmions, including their sizes and densities, is of particular importance for enhancing the storage capacity of skyrmionic devices. Here, we propose a viable route for engineering ferrimagnetic skyrmions via tuning the magnetic properties of the involved ferrimagnets Fe1-xTbx. Via tuning the composition of Fe1-xTbx that alters the magnetic anisotropy and the saturation magnetization, the size of the ferrimagnetic skyrmion (ds) and the average density (ηs) can be effectively tailored in [Pt/Fe1-xTbx/Ta]10 multilayers. In particular, a stabilization of sub-50 nm skyrmions with a high density is demonstrated at room temperature. Our work provides an effective approach for designing ferrimagnetic skyrmions with the desired size and density, which could be useful for enabling high-density ferrimagnetic skyrmionics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengkun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Soong-Geun Je
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alpha T N'Diaye
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mi-Young Im
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Han YT, Ji WX, Wang PJ, Li P, Zhang CW. Strain-tunable skyrmions in two-dimensional monolayer Janus magnets. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6830-6837. [PMID: 36960752 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), which only exists in noncentrosymmetric systems, plays an important role in the formation of exotic chiral magnetic states. However, the absence of the DMI occurs in most two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials due to their intrinsic inversion symmetry. Here, by using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that a significant DMI can be obtained in a series of Janus monolayers of dichalcogenides XSeTe (X = Nb, Re) in which the difference between Se and Te on the opposite sides of X breaks the inversion symmetry. Remarkably, the DMI amplitudes of NbSeTe (1.78 meV) and ReSeTe (4.82 meV) are larger than the experimental value of Co/graphene (0.16 meV), and NbSeTe and ReSeTe monolayers have a high Curie temperature of 1023 K and 689 K, respectively. Through the micromagnetic simulation of XSeTe (X= Nb, Re) simulations, we also find that the ReSeTe monolayer can performance for skyrmion states by applying an external magnetic field, and importantly, the skyrmion states can be regulated and controlled under external strain. The findings pave the way for device concepts using chiral magnetic structures in specially designed 2D ferromagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Tong Han
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Xiao Ji
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Ji Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Li
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Wen Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhang D, Li A, Zhang B, Zhou W, Duan H, Ouyang F. Combined piezoelectricity, valley splitting and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Janus GdXY (X, Y = Cl, Br, I) magnetic semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8600-8607. [PMID: 36891810 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04482j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Janus materials, as a family of multifunctional materials with broken mirror symmetry, have played a great role in piezoelectric, valley-related, and Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) applications. Using first-principles calculations, it is predicted that monolayer 2H-GdXY (X, Y = Cl, Br, I) will combine giant piezoelectricity, intrinsic valley splitting and a strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), resulting from the intrinsic electric polarization, spontaneous spin polarization and strong spin-orbit coupling. Opposite Berry curvatures and unequal Hall conductivities at the K- and K'-valleys of monolayer GdXY are promising for storing information through the anomalous valley Hall effect (AVHE). Through construction of the spin Hamiltonian and micromagnetic model, we obtained the primary magnetic parameters of monolayer GdXY as a function of the biaxial strain. Due to the dimensionless parameter κ having strong tunability, monolayer GdClBr is promising to host isolated skyrmions. The present results are expected to enable the application of Janus materials in piezoelectricity, spin- and valley-tronics and the formation of chiral magnetic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehe Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Aolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, and Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenzhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, and Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Physics and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangping Ouyang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, and Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Physics and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Volkov OM, Wolf D, Pylypovskyi OV, Kákay A, Sheka DD, Büchner B, Fassbender J, Lubk A, Makarov D. Chirality coupling in topological magnetic textures with multiple magnetochiral parameters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1491. [PMID: 36932066 PMCID: PMC10023801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral effects originate from the lack of inversion symmetry within the lattice unit cell or sample's shape. Being mapped onto magnetic ordering, chirality enables topologically non-trivial textures with a given handedness. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a static 3D texture characterized by two magnetochiral parameters being magnetic helicity of the vortex and geometrical chirality of the core string itself in geometrically curved asymmetric permalloy cap with a size of 80 nm and a vortex ground state. We experimentally validate the nonlocal chiral symmetry breaking effect in this object, which leads to the geometric deformation of the vortex string into a helix with curvature 3 μm-1 and torsion 11 μm-1. The geometric chirality of the vortex string is determined by the magnetic helicity of the vortex texture, constituting coupling of two chiral parameters within the same texture. Beyond the vortex state, we anticipate that complex curvilinear objects hosting 3D magnetic textures like curved skyrmion tubes and hopfions can be characterized by multiple coupled magnetochiral parameters, that influence their statics and field- or current-driven dynamics for spin-orbitronics and magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii M Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, 03142, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Attila Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis D Sheka
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Lubk
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
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25
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Jiang J, Mi W. Two-dimensional magnetic Janus monolayers and their van der Waals heterostructures: a review on recent progress. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:788-807. [PMID: 36594899 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01362b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic Janus monolayer, a special type of material which has asymmetric arrangements of its surface at the nanoscale, has been shown to present rather exotic properties for applications in spintronics and its intersections. This review aims to offer a comprehensive review of the emergent physical properties of magnetic Janus monolayers and their van der Waals heterostructures from a theoretical point of view. The review starts by introducing the theoretical methodologies composed of the state-of-the-art methods and the challenges and limitations in validations for the descriptions of the magnetic ground states and thermodynamic properties in magnetic materials. The built-in polarization field induced physical phenomena of magnetic Janus monolayers are then presented. The tunable electronic and magnetic properties of magnetic Janus monolayer-based van der Waals heterostructures are discussed. Finally, the conclusions and future challenges in this field are prospected. This review serves as a complete summary of the two-dimensional magnetic Janus library and emergent electronic and magnetic properties in magnetic Janus monolayers and their heterostructures, and provides guidelines for the design of electronic and spintronic devices based on Janus materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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26
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Yu D, Ga Y, Liang J, Jia C, Yang H. Voltage-Controlled Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:056701. [PMID: 36800473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.056701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetization switching is the most important operation in spintronic devices. In modern nonvolatile magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), it is usually realized by spin-transfer torque (STT) or spin-orbit torque (SOT). However, both STT and SOT MRAM require current to drive magnetization switching, which will cause Joule heating. Here, we report an alternative mechanism, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) torque, that can realize magnetization switching fully controlled by voltage pulses. We find that a consequential voltage-controlled reversal of DMI chirality in multiferroics can lead to continued expansion of a skyrmion thanks to the DMI torque. Enough DMI torque will eventually make the skyrmion burst into a quasiuniform ferromagnetic state with reversed magnetization, thus realizing the switching of a perpendicular magnet. The discovery is demonstrated in two-dimensional multiferroics, CuCrP_{2}Se_{6} and CrN, using first-principles calculations and micromagnetic simulations. As an example, we applied the DMI torque for simulating leaky-integrate-fire functionality of biological neurons. Our discovery of DMI torque switching of perpendicular magnetization provides tremendous potential toward magnetic-field-free and current-free spintronic devices, and neuromorphic computing as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yonglong Ga
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jinghua Liang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chenglong Jia
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of MOE and Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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27
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Chiral Magnetic Interactions in Small Fe Clusters Triggered by Symmetry-Breaking Adatoms. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chirality of the interaction between the local magnetic moments in small transition-metal alloy clusters is investigated in the framework of density-functional theory. The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) coupling vectors Dij between the Fe atoms in Fe2X and Fe3X with X = Cu, Pd, Pt, and Ir are derived from independent ground-state energy calculations for different noncollinear orientations of the local magnetic moments. The local-environment dependence of Dij and the resulting relative stability of different chiral magnetic orders are analyzed by contrasting the results for different adatoms X and by systematically varying the distance between the adatom X and the Fe clusters. One observes that the adatoms trigger most significant DM couplings in Fe2X, often in the range of 10–30 meV. Thus, the consequences of breaking the inversion symmetry of the Fe dimer are quantified. Comparison between the symmetric and antisymmetric Fe-Fe couplings shows that the DM couplings are about two orders of magnitude weaker than the isotropic Heisenberg interactions. However, they are in general stronger than the anisotropy of the symmetric couplings. In Fe3X, alloying induces interesting changes in both the direction and strength of the DM couplings, which are the consequence of breaking the reflection symmetry of the Fe trimer and which depend significantly on the adatom-trimer distance. A local analysis of the chirality of the electronic energy shows that the DM interactions are dominated by the spin-orbit coupling at the adatoms and that the contribution of the Fe atoms is small but not negligible.
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28
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Qi J, Zhao Y, Huang H, Zhang Y, Lyu H, Yang G, Zhang J, Shao B, Jin K, Zhang Y, Wei H, Shen B, Wang S. Tailoring of the Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Perpendicularly Magnetized Epitaxial Multilayers by Crystal Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:637-644. [PMID: 36634038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between the interfacial crystalline structure and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) was investigated by Fe insertion in epitaxial Pt/Co/Ir perpendicular magnetized multilayers. The experimental results with the support of first-principles calculation indicate that the Fe/Ir interface exhibits a positive interfacial DMI (iDMI) originating from the fcc crystalline structure inserted by 2 monolayers (ML) Fe, while a negative one from the structure with a layer shifting of 1-ML Fe insertion. The total iDMI of the multilayers increases (decreases) due to the additive enhancement (competitive counteraction) between the iDMI of Fe/Ir and Pt/Co interfaces. Comparing the iDMI of single-crystalline and textured multilayers, the iDMI of multilayers is found to be particularly sensitive to the crystallinity nearby the heterointerfaces. This work is of vital importance to reveal a deeper insight into the physical mechanism of the iDMI and provides a viable strategy for tailoring the iDMI of the multilayers by crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Yunchi Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - He Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Haochang Lyu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Bokai Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Kui Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong523808, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong523808, China
| | - Hongxiang Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Baogen Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
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29
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Mellado P, Concha A, Hofhuis K, Tapia I. Intrinsic chiral field as vector potential of the magnetic current in the zig-zag lattice of magnetic dipoles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1245. [PMID: 36690858 PMCID: PMC9870917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral magnetic insulators manifest novel phases of matter where the sense of rotation of the magnetization is associated with exotic transport phenomena. Effective control of such phases and their dynamical evolution points to the search and study of chiral fields like the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Here we combine experiments, numerics, and theory to study a zig-zag dipolar lattice as a model of an interface between magnetic in-plane layers with a perpendicular magnetization. The zig-zag lattice comprises two parallel sublattices of dipoles with perpendicular easy plane of rotation. The dipolar energy of the system is exactly separable into a sum of symmetric and antisymmetric long-range exchange interactions between dipoles, where the antisymmetric coupling generates a nonlocal Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya field which stabilizes winding textures with the form of chiral solitons. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction acts as a vector potential or gauge field of the magnetic current and gives rise to emergent magnetic and electric fields that allow the manifestation of the magnetoelectric effect in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mellado
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrés Concha
- grid.440617.00000 0001 2162 5606Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kevin Hofhuis
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Ignacio Tapia
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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30
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He Z, Dou K, Du W, Dai Y, Huang B, Ma Y. Multiple Topological Magnetism in van der Waals Heterostructure of MnTe 2/ZrS 2. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:312-318. [PMID: 36576995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Topological magnetism in low-dimensional systems is of fundamental and practical importance in condensed-matter physics and material science. Here, using first-principles and Monte Carlo simulations, we present that multiple topological magnetism (i.e., skyrmion and bimeron) can survive in van der Waals heterostructure MnTe2/ZrS2. Arising from interlayer coupling, MnTe2/ZrS2 can harbor a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This, combined with exchange interaction, yields an intriguing skyrmion phase under a tiny magnetic field of 75 mT. Meanwhile, upon harnessing a small electric field, magnetic bimeron can be observed in MnTe2/ZrS2, suggesting the existence of multiple topological magnetism. Through interlayer sliding, both topological magnetisms can be switched on-off. In addition, the impacts of d∥ and Keff on these spin textures are revealed, and a dimensionless parameter κ is utilized to describe their joint effect. These explored phenomena and insights not only are useful for fundamental research in topological magnetism but also enable novel applications in nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin He
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan250100, China
| | - Kaiying Dou
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan250100, China
| | - Wenhui Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan250100, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan250100, China
| | - Yandong Ma
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan250100, China
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31
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Liang J, Chshiev M, Fert A, Yang H. Gradient-Induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:10128-10133. [PMID: 36520645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) that arises in the magnetic systems with broken inversion symmetry plays an essential role in topological spintronics. Here, by means of atomistic spin calculations, we study an intriguing type of DMI (g-DMI) that emerges in the films with composition gradient. We show that both the strength and chirality of g-DMI can be controlled by the composition gradient even in the disordered system. The layer-resolved analysis of g-DMI unveils its additive nature inside the bulk layers and clarifies the linear thickness dependence of g-DMI observed in experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate the g-DMI-induced chiral magnetic structures, such as spin spirals and skyrmions, and the g-DMI driven field-free spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching, both of which are crucial toward practical device application. These results elucidate the underlying mechanisms of g-DMI and open up a new way to engineer the topological magnetic textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
| | - Albert Fert
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Hongxin Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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32
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Wu Z, Xue Y, Shen Z, Song C. Topological phase transition and skyrmions in a Janus MnSbBiSe 2Te 2 monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 25:96-105. [PMID: 36468581 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03860a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations and micro-magnetic simulations, we propose a Janus MnSbBiSe2Te2 (MSBST) monolayer derived from the MnBi2Te4 (MBT) ferromagnet and investigate the influence of biaxial strain on the electronic structures, topological characteristics and spin textures. Different from pristine MBT with an out-of-plane easy axis, the anisotropy of MSBST prefers an in-plane direction. Intriguingly, switching the easy axis direction of MSBST will significantly modify the band structure. Topological phase transition can be achieved by applying a compressive strain, making MSBST become a topological insulator with . Moreover, due to the inherent inversion asymmetry of Janus MSBST, a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is induced for generating and stabilizing skyrmions. By micro-magnetic simulations, the results of spin textures show that the skyrmions phase can be achieved in MSBST with an external magnetic field of 0.8 T. Our findings provide guidelines for the development and application of spintronic devices with nontrivial topological properties and a large DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China. .,School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yufei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Changsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China. .,Longgang Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Wenzhou, 325802, China
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33
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Dou K, Du W, He Z, Dai Y, Huang B, Ma Y. Theoretical Prediction of Antiferromagnetic Skyrmion Crystal in Janus Monolayer CrSi 2N 2As 2. ACS NANO 2022; 17:1144-1152. [PMID: 36448916 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An antiferromagnetic skyrmion crystal (AF-SkX), a regular array of antiferromagnetic skyrmions, is a fundamental phenomenon in the field of condensed-matter physics. So far, very few proposals have been made to realize the AF-SkX, and most have been based on three-dimensional (3D) materials. Herein, using first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, we report the identification of AF-SkX in a two-dimensional lattice of the Janus monolayer CrSi2N2As2. Arising from the broken inversion symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling, a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is obtained in the Janus monolayer CrSi2N2As2. This, combined with the geometric frustration of its triangular lattice, gives rise to the skyrmion physics and long-sought AF-SkX in the presence of an external magnetic field. More intriguingly, this system presents two different antiferromagnetic skyrmion phases, and such a phenomenon is distinct from those reported in 3D systems. Furthermore, by contacting with Sc2CO2, the creation and annihilation of AF-SkX in Janus monolayer CrSi2N2As2 can be achieved through ferroelectricity. These findings greatly enrich the research on antiferromagnetic skyrmions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Dou
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin He
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandong Ma
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan250100, People's Republic of China
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34
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Olleros-Rodríguez P, Strungaru M, Ruta S, Gavriloaea PI, Gudín A, Perna P, Chantrell R, Chubykalo-Fesenko O. Non-equilibrium heating path for the laser-induced nucleation of metastable skyrmion lattices. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15701-15712. [PMID: 36124690 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03903f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding formation of metastable phases by rapid energy pumping and quenching has been intriguing scientists for a long time. This issue is crucial for technologically relevant systems such as magnetic skyrmions which are frequently metastable at zero field. Using Atomistic Spin Dynamics simulations, we show the possibility of creating metastable skyrmion lattices in cobalt-based trilayers by femtosecond laser heating. Similar to the formation of supercooled ice droplets in the gas phase, high temperature ultrafast excitation creates magnon drops and their fast relaxation leads to acquisition and quenching of the skyrmion topological protection. The interplay between different processes corresponds to a specific excitation window which can be additionally controlled by external fields. The results are contrasted with longer-scale heating leading to a phase transition to the stable states. Our results provide insight into the dynamics of the highly non-equilibrium pathway for spin excitations and pave additional routes for skyrmion-based information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mara Strungaru
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Sergiu Ruta
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Paul-Iulian Gavriloaea
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK
- Materials Science Institute ICMM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Gudín
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paolo Perna
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roy Chantrell
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK
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35
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Jiang J, Li R, Mi W. Exchange interactions in the 1T-VSe 2 monolayer and their modulation via electron doping using alkali metal adsorption and the electride substrate. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2785-2796. [PMID: 36040428 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00888b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of exchange interactions in layered magnets has fundamental research value and potential applications in spintronics. Based on first-principles calculations, the exchange interactions in the experimentally controversial room-temperature ferromagnetic 1T-VSe2 monolayer are systematically studied. It is found that three shells of nearest-neighbor Heisenberg exchange interactions and higher-order interactions are crucial for an accurate description of the magnetism and its thermal stability in the 1T-VSe2 monolayer. Based on our understanding of tuning the magnetic interactions and the magnetic ground state in the 1T-VSe2 monolayer via external factors, two modulation methods, involving adsorption of the alkali metal lithium and the electride Ca2N substrate, are proposed. In both Li-VSe2 and VSe2/Ca2N systems, the strongly frustrated Heisenberg exchange interaction competes with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, leading to complex magnetic ground states, such as antiferromagnetic spin spiral and periodic antiferromagnetic cycloidal states. Moreover, the higher-order exchange interactions play a crucial role in the stabilization of long-range double-row-wise antiferromagnetic states in Li-VSe2 and VSe2/Ca2N. These results highlight the effective manipulation of exchange interactions in two-dimensional magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China.
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China.
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36
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Li D, Haldar S, Heinze S. Strain-Driven Zero-Field Near-10 nm Skyrmions in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7706-7713. [PMID: 36121771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions─localized chiral spin structures─show great promise for spintronic applications. The recent discovery of two-dimensional (2D) magnets opened new opportunities for topological spin structures in atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) materials. Despite recent progress in stabilizing metastable skyrmions in 2D magnets, their lifetime, essential for applications, has not been explored yet. Here, using first-principles calculations and atomistic spin simulations, we predict that compressive strain leads to stabilizing zero-field skyrmions with diameters close to 10 nm in a Fe3GeTe2/germanene vdW heterostructure. The origin of these unique skyrmions is attributed to the high tunability of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy by strain, which generally holds for Fe3GeTe2 heterostructures with buckled substrates. Furthermore, we calculate the energy barriers protecting skyrmions against annihilation and their lifetimes using transition-state theory. We show that nanoscale skyrmions in strained Fe3GeTe2/germanene can be stable for hours at temperatures up to 20 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhe Li
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Soumyajyoti Haldar
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinze
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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37
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Nucleation and manipulation of single skyrmions using spin-polarized currents in antiferromagnetic skyrmion-based racetrack memories. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15225. [PMID: 36076059 PMCID: PMC9458664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, an ultrafast nucleation of an isolated anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmion was reported in an AFM layer with DMi strengths of 0.47\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{mJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$$\end{document}mJ/m2 using spin-transfer torque by locally injecting pure spin currents into magnetic tracks. Besides, we revealed the key advantages of AFM skyrmion-based racetrack memories by comparing the motion of AFM and FM skyrmions driven by spin–orbit torques (SOTs) for different skyrmion sizes along racetrack memories with various notch sizes. Our results indicate that for AFM skyrmion, the skyrmion Hall effect does not exist during the skyrmion motion, therefore at small skyrmion sizes, we succeeded to overcome the repulsive forces developed in the notch area for low and large SOTs. The obtained findings were carefully analyzed by computing the variation of energy barriers associated with the notch for different skyrmion sizes using minimum energy path (MEP) calculations. We showed that the larger the skyrmion size, the harder it is to shrink the skyrmion in the notch which produces a high energy barrier (Eb) for large skyrmion sizes. Moreover, as the notch size increases, the skyrmion size shrinks further, and hence Eb increases proportionally. Nevertheless, we proved that AFM skyrmions are more efficient and flexible than FM skyrmions against boundary forces.
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38
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Fillion CE, Fischer J, Kumar R, Fassatoui A, Pizzini S, Ranno L, Ourdani D, Belmeguenai M, Roussigné Y, Chérif SM, Auffret S, Joumard I, Boulle O, Gaudin G, Buda-Prejbeanu L, Baraduc C, Béa H. Gate-controlled skyrmion and domain wall chirality. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5257. [PMID: 36071049 PMCID: PMC9452545 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are localized chiral spin textures, which offer great promise to store and process information at the nanoscale. In the presence of asymmetric exchange interactions, their chirality, which governs their dynamics, is generally considered as an intrinsic parameter set during the sample deposition. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that a gate voltage can control this key parameter. We probe the chirality of skyrmions and chiral domain walls by observing the direction of their current-induced motion and show that a gate voltage can reverse it. This local and dynamical reversal of the chirality is due to a sign inversion of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that we attribute to ionic migration of oxygen under gate voltage. Micromagnetic simulations show that the chirality reversal is a continuous transformation, in which the skyrmion is conserved. This control of chirality with 2-3 V gate voltage can be used for skyrmion-based logic devices, yielding new functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Fischer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Raj Kumar
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Aymen Fassatoui
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefania Pizzini
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Ranno
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Néel Institute, Grenoble, France
| | - Djoudi Ourdani
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Villetaneuse, France
| | - Mohamed Belmeguenai
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Villetaneuse, France
| | - Yves Roussigné
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Villetaneuse, France
| | - Salim-Mourad Chérif
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Villetaneuse, France
| | - Stéphane Auffret
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Joumard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Boulle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Gaudin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Claire Baraduc
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Béa
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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39
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Wang K, Ren K, Cheng Y, Chen S, Zhang G. The impacts of molecular adsorption on antiferromagnetic MnPS 3 monolayers: enhanced magnetic anisotropy and intralayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2384-2392. [PMID: 35781317 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00462c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In two-dimensional (2D) magnetic systems, significant magnetic anisotropy is required to protect magnetic ordering against thermal fluctuation. In this paper, we explored the effect of molecular adsorption on the magnetic anisotropy and intralayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) of monolayer MnPS3, combining the first-principles calculation and theoretical analysis. We find that molecular adsorption can break the spatial inversion symmetry in a 2D magnet, and results in a significant DMI, which is rare in pristine 2D magnets. For example, in an MPS-NO system, the magnitude of the asymmetric DMI vector increases 9 times, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy increases 600 times compared with the pristine MPS monolayer. It is found the DMI mainly comes from the structural deformation after adsorption, whereas the increase of magnetocrystalline anisotropy mainly originates from a new 'bridge' super-exchange interaction between Mn ions and NO gas molecules. The calculated Mn-NO-Mn 'bridge' super-exchange coupling strength is much higher than the Mn-S-Mn coupling strength. Our findings offer a new strategy to increase the magnetic anisotropy and induce chiral magnetic structures in 2D magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Shaanxi, 710121, China
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Ren
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215000, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shuai Chen
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore.
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40
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Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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41
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Wu B, Jin M, Luo Y, Xu X, Fan H, Huang H, Feng Z, Zhuang Y, Yu C, Zhou T. Enhancement of Damping-Like Field and Field-Free Switching in Pt/(Co/Pt)/PtMn Trilayer Films Prepared in the Presence of an In Situ Magnetic Field. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21668-21676. [PMID: 35471960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current-induced magnetization switching and damping-like field in Pt/(Co/Pt)/PtMn trilayer films prepared with and without an in situ in-plane field of 600 Oe have been studied systematically. In the presence of the in situ field, a small in-plane bias field (HEB) is observed for films with PtMn thickness ≥5 nm, while there is no observable HEB for PtMn thickness ≤3 nm. Nevertheless, a field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization of Co/Pt is observed for all the films with the PtMn thickness of 1-7 nm. On the other hand, without the presence of the in situ field, HEB and field-free switching are not seen. Furthermore, the damping-like fields (HDL) are much enhanced in the presence of the in situ field, and the increasement can be up to 47%. We further revealed that the spin current is mainly from the Pt layer, while the noncollinear spin configuration at the interface caused by the in situ in-plane field may play a role in the HDL enhancement. Micromagnetic simulations indicate that the canting of antiferromagnet PtMn spins plays an important role in the field-free switching. Our findings clarify the source of spin current in the trilayer films and provide an easier approach to field-free switching and HDL enhancement for future low-power spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birui Wu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
- College of Information and Mechanical Electrical Engineering, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Menghao Jin
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xiuyuan Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 8LG, UK
| | - Haodong Fan
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Haixia Huang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zhongshu Feng
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yanshan Zhuang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Changqiu Yu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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42
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Huang K, Shao DF, Tsymbal EY. Ferroelectric Control of Magnetic Skyrmions in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3349-3355. [PMID: 35380845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are chiral nanoscale spin textures which are usually induced by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Recently, magnetic skyrmions have been observed in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic materials, such as Fe3GeTe2. The electric control of skyrmions is important for their potential application in low-power memory technologies. Here, we predict that DMI and magnetic skyrmions in a Fe3GeTe2 monolayer can be controlled by ferroelectric polarization of an adjacent 2D vdW ferroelectric In2Se3. Based on density functional theory and atomistic spin-dynamics modeling, we find that the interfacial symmetry breaking produces a sizable DMI in a Fe3GeTe2/In2Se3 vdW heterostructure. We show that the magnitude of DMI can be controlled by ferroelectric polarization reversal, leading to creation and annihilation of skyrmions. Furthermore, we find that the sign of DMI in a In2Se3/Fe3GeTe2/In2Se3 heterostructure changes with ferroelectric switching reversing the skyrmion chirality. The predicted electrically controlled skyrmion formation may be interesting for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Ding-Fu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Evgeny Y Tsymbal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
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43
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Zhang Q, Liang J, Bi K, Zhao L, Bai H, Cui Q, Zhou HA, Bai H, Feng H, Song W, Chai G, Gladii O, Schultheiss H, Zhu T, Zhang J, Peng Y, Yang H, Jiang W. Quantifying the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction Induced by the Bulk Magnetic Asymmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:167202. [PMID: 35522502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A broken interfacial inversion symmetry in ultrathin ferromagnet/heavy metal (FM/HM) bilayers is generally believed to be a prerequisite for accommodating the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and for stabilizing chiral spin textures. In these bilayers, the strength of the DMI decays as the thickness of the FM layer increases and vanishes around a few nanometers. In the present study, through synthesizing relatively thick films of compositions CoPt or FePt, CoCu or FeCu, FeGd and FeNi, contributions to DMI from the composition gradient-induced bulk magnetic asymmetry (BMA) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are systematically examined. Using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, both the sign and amplitude of DMI in films with controllable direction and strength of BMA, in the presence and absence of SOC, are experimentally studied. In particular, we show that a sizable amplitude of DMI (±0.15 mJ/m^{2}) can be realized in CoPt or FePt films with BMA and strong SOC, whereas negligible DMI strengths are observed in other thick films with BMA but without significant SOC. The pivotal roles of BMA and SOC are further examined based on the three-site Fert-Lévy model and first-principles calculations. It is expected that our findings may help to further understand the origin of chiral magnetism and to design novel noncollinear spin textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinghua Liang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Kaiqi Bi
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Le Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Bai
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Qirui Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Heng-An Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongmei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guozhi Chai
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - O Gladii
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Schultheiss
- Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tao Zhu
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong Peng
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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44
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Samardak AS, Ognev AV, Kolesnikov AG, Stebliy ME, Samardak VY, Iliushin IG, Pervishko AA, Yudin D, Platunov M, Ono T, Wilhelm F, Rogalev A. XMCD and ab initio study of interface-engineered ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8225-8232. [PMID: 35319030 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of recently discovered spin-orbital induced phenomena and a definition of a general approach for "ferromagnet/heavy-metal" layered systems to enhance and manipulate spin-orbit coupling, spin-orbit torque, and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) assisted by atomic-scale interface engineering are essential for developing spintronics and spin-orbitronics. Here, we exploit X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy at the L2,3-edges of 5d and 4d non-magnetic heavy metals (W and Ru, respectively) in ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru films to determine their induced magnetic moments due to the proximity to the ferromagnetic layer of Co. The deduced orbital and spin magnetic moments agree well with the theoretically predicted values, highlighting the drastic effect of constituting layers on the system's magnetic properties and the strong interfacial DMI in Ru/Co/W/Ru films. As a result, we demonstrate the ability to simultaneously control the strength of magnetic anisotropy and intermixing-enhanced DMI through the interface engineered inversion asymmetry in thin-film chiral ferromagnets, which are a potential host for stable magnetic skyrmions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Samardak
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Ognev
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Alexander G Kolesnikov
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Maksim E Stebliy
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Vadim Yu Samardak
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Ilia G Iliushin
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | | | - Dmitry Yudin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Platunov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Synchrotron radiation facility SKIF, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Kol'tsovo, Russia.
| | - Teruo Ono
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia. .,Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fabrice Wilhelm
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andrey Rogalev
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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45
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Cui Q, Zhu Y, Ga Y, Liang J, Li P, Yu D, Cui P, Yang H. Anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction and Topological Magnetism in Two-Dimensional Magnets Protected by P4̅ m2 Crystal Symmetry. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2334-2341. [PMID: 35266723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a fundamental magnetic parameter, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), has gained a great deal of attention in the last two decades due to its critical role in formation of magnetic skyrmions. Recent discoveries of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets has also gained a great deal of attention due to appealing physical properties, such as gate tunability, flexibility, and miniaturization. Intensive studies have shown that isotropic DMI stabilizes ferromagnetic (FM) topological spin textures in 2D magnets or their corresponding heterostructures. However, the investigation of anisotropic DMI and antiferromagnetic (AFM) topological spin configurations remains elusive. Here, we propose and demonstrate a family of 2D magnets with P4m2 symmetry-protected anisotropic DMI. More interestingly, various topological spin configurations, including FM/AFM antiskyrmion and AFM vortex-antivortex pair, emerge in this family. These results give a general method to design anisotropic DMI and pave the way toward topological magnetism in 2D materials using crystal symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yingmei Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yonglong Ga
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jinghua Liang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Peng Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Dongxing Yu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hongxin Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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46
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Yu Z, Gong B, Xiong L, Du X, Wei C, Xiong R, Lu Z, Zhang Y. Domain wall motion driven by a wide range of current in coupled soft/hard ferromagnetic nanowires. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1545-1550. [PMID: 36134365 PMCID: PMC9417525 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00540e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Racetrack memory with the advantages of small size and high reading speed is proposed based on current-induced domain wall (DW) motion in a ferromagnetic (FM) nanowire. Walker breakdown that restricts the enhancement of DW velocity in a single FM nanowire can be depressed by inter-wire magnetostatic coupling in a double FM nanowire system. However, this magnetostatic coupling also limits the working current density in a small range. In the present work, based on micromagnetic calculation, we have found that when there is a moderate difference of magnetic anisotropy constant between two FM nanowires, the critical current density for triggering the DW motion can be reduced while that for breaking the inter-wire coupling can be enhanced significantly to a magnitude of 1013 A m-2, which is far above the working current density in current electronic devices. The manipulation of working current density is relevant to the modification of DW structure and inter-wire magnetostatic coupling due to the difference of the anisotropy constants between the two nanowires and paves a way to develop racetrack memory that can work in a wide range of current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, School of Optical Information and Energy Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 P. R. China
| | - Bin Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, School of Optical Information and Energy Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 P. R. China
| | - Lun Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, School of Optical Information and Energy Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 P. R. China
| | - Xinran Du
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Chenhuinan Wei
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zhihong Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
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47
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Jiang L, Huang C, Zhu Y, Pan Y, Fan J, Zhang K, Ma C, Shi D, Zhang H. Tuning the size of skyrmion by strain at the Co/Pt3 Interfaces. iScience 2022; 25:104039. [PMID: 35330683 PMCID: PMC8938285 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on density functional theory calculations, we elucidated the tunability of the atomic structures and magnetic interactions of Co/Pt3 interface (one layer of hcp(0001) Co and three layers of fcc(111) Pt) and thus the skyrmion sizes using strain. The dispersion relations of the spin spiral in the opposite directions, E(q) and E(-q), were evaluated based on generalized Bloch equations. Effective exchange coupling (EC) and Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction (DMI) parameters between different neighbors Ji and di at different lattice constants were derived by fitting the resulting spin spiral dispersion E(q) to EC model with DMI and E(q)-E(-q) formula, respectively. We observed an increase in DMI and a significant decrease in EC with an increase in strain. Hence, the size of Néel-type skyrmions determined by the ratio of EC/DMI can be controlled by applying strain, leading to an effective approach to tailor the formation of skyrmion lattices by inducing slight structural modifications on the magnetic thin films. Calculate the EC and DMI of multi-nearest neighbors in the VASP program Show detailed changes of multi-nearest neighboring EC and DMI with deformation The size of skyrmion does decrease as the lattice constant increases Distance between Co and Pt layer determines the size of DMI
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Karube K, Peng L, Masell J, Hemmida M, Krug von Nidda HA, Kézsmárki I, Yu X, Tokura Y, Taguchi Y. Doping Control of Magnetic Anisotropy for Stable Antiskyrmion Formation in Schreibersite (Fe,Ni) 3 P with S 4 symmetry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108770. [PMID: 35032408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions, vortex-like topological spin textures, have attracted much interest in a wide range of research fields from fundamental physics to spintronics applications. Recently, growing attention is also paid to antiskyrmions emerging with opposite topological charge in non-centrosymmetric magnets with D2d or S4 symmetry. In these magnets, complex interplay among anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic dipolar interactions generates various magnetic textures. However, the precise role of these magnetic interactions in stabilizing antiskyrmions remains to be elucidated. In this work, the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of schreibersite (Fe,Ni)3 P with S4 symmetry is controlled by doping and its impact on the stability of antiskyrmions is investigated. The authors' magnetometry study, supported by ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, shows that the variation of the Ni content and slight doping with 4d transition metals considerably change the magnetic anisotropy. In particular, doping with Pd induces easy-axis anisotropy, giving rise to formation of antiskyrmions, while a temperature-induced spin reorientation is observed in an Rh-doped compound. In combination with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and micromagnetic simulations, the stability of antiskyrmion as functions of uniaxial anisotropy and demagnetization energy is quantitatively analyzed, and demonstrated that subtle balance between them is necessary to stabilize the antiskyrmions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Karube
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Licong Peng
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jan Masell
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, 76049, Germany
| | - Mamoun Hemmida
- Experimental Physics V, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86135, Germany
| | | | - István Kézsmárki
- Experimental Physics V, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86135, Germany
| | - Xiuzhen Yu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Taguchi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
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Sheka DD, Pylypovskyi OV, Volkov OM, Yershov KV, Kravchuk VP, Makarov D. Fundamentals of Curvilinear Ferromagnetism: Statics and Dynamics of Geometrically Curved Wires and Narrow Ribbons. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105219. [PMID: 35044074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional magnetic architectures including wires and thin films are key enablers of prospective ultrafast and energy efficient memory, logic, and sensor devices relying on spin-orbitronic and magnonic concepts. Curvilinear magnetism emerged as a novel approach in material science, which allows tailoring of the fundamental anisotropic and chiral responses relying on the geometrical curvature of magnetic architectures. Much attention is dedicated to magnetic wires of Möbius, helical, or DNA-like double helical shapes, which act as prototypical objects for the exploration of the fundamentals of curvilinear magnetism. Although there is a bulk number of original publications covering fabrication, characterization, and theory of magnetic wires, there is no comprehensive review of the theoretical framework of how to describe these architectures. Here, theoretical activities on the topic of curvilinear magnetic wires and narrow nanoribbons are summarized, providing a systematic review of the emergent interactions and novel physical effects caused by the curvature. Prospective research directions of curvilinear spintronics and spin-orbitronics are discussed, the fundamental framework for curvilinear magnonics are outlined, and mechanically flexible curvilinear architectures for soft robotics are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis D Sheka
- Faculty of Radiophysics, Electronics and Computer Systems, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii M Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kostiantyn V Yershov
- Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung, IFW Dresden, 01171, Dresden, Germany
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr P Kravchuk
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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50
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Makarov D, Volkov OM, Kákay A, Pylypovskyi OV, Budinská B, Dobrovolskiy OV. New Dimension in Magnetism and Superconductivity: 3D and Curvilinear Nanoarchitectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101758. [PMID: 34705309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the primary field, where curvature has been at the heart of research, is the theory of general relativity. In recent studies, however, the impact of curvilinear geometry enters various disciplines, ranging from solid-state physics over soft-matter physics, chemistry, and biology to mathematics, giving rise to a plethora of emerging domains such as curvilinear nematics, curvilinear studies of cell biology, curvilinear semiconductors, superfluidity, optics, 2D van der Waals materials, plasmonics, magnetism, and superconductivity. Here, the state of the art is summarized and prospects for future research in curvilinear solid-state systems exhibiting such fundamental cooperative phenomena as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity are outlined. Highlighting the recent developments and current challenges in theory, fabrication, and characterization of curvilinear micro- and nanostructures, special attention is paid to perspective research directions entailing new physics and to their strong application potential. Overall, the perspective is aimed at crossing the boundaries between the magnetism and superconductivity communities and drawing attention to the conceptual aspects of how extension of structures into the third dimension and curvilinear geometry can modify existing and aid launching novel functionalities. In addition, the perspective should stimulate the development and dissemination of research and development oriented techniques to facilitate rapid transitions from laboratory demonstrations to industry-ready prototypes and eventual products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksii M Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Kákay
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oleksandr V Pylypovskyi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Barbora Budinská
- Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Oleksandr V Dobrovolskiy
- Superconductivity and Spintronics Laboratory, Nanomagnetism and Magnonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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