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Zhang C, Chen W, Wang B, Wang Y, Li N, Li R, Yan Y, Sun Y, He J. Potato glycoside alkaloids exhibit antifungal activity by regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway of Fusarium solani. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1390269. [PMID: 38686115 PMCID: PMC11056507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1390269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium solani is a pathogenic fungus that causes significant harm, leading to crop yield reduction, fruit quality reduction, postharvest decay, and other diseases. This study used potato glycoside alkaloids (PGA) as inhibitors to investigate their effects on the mitochondrial structure and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway of F. solani. The results showed that PGA could inhibit the colony growth of F. solani (54.49%), resulting in the disappearance of the mitochondrial membrane and the loss of contents. PGA significantly decreased the activities of aconitase (ACO), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), fumarase (FH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS), and increased the activity of citrate synthase (CS) in F. solani. After PGA treatment, the contents of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), citric acid (CA), malic acid (L-MA), and α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) in F. solani were significantly decreased. The contents of isocitric acid (ICA), succinyl coenzyme A (S-CoA), succinic acid (SA), fumaric acid (FA), and oxaloacetic acid (OA) were significantly increased. Transcriptomic analysis showed that PGA could significantly affect the expression levels of 19 genes related to TCA cycle in F. solani. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression levels of ACO, IDH, α-KGDH, and MDH-related genes were significantly down-regulated, and the expression levels of SDH and FH-related genes were significantly up-regulated, which was consistent with the results of transcriptomics. In summary, PGA can achieve antifungal effects by reducing the tricarboxylic acid cycle's flow and regulating key genes' expression levels. This study reveals the antifungal mechanism of PGA from the perspective of TCA cycle, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of PGA as a biopesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Zhang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuke Yan
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Sun
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing He
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Wolfberry Harmless Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Zhang X, Meng X, Jiao X, Sa R, Wang Z, Li J, Wang B, Liu D, Yang B, Zou C, Zhang Y. Preventive effect of Cleome spinosa against cucumber Fusarium wilt and improvement on cucumber growth and physiology. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:97. [PMID: 38449710 PMCID: PMC10912404 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cucumber wilt is an important soil borne disease in cucumber production, which seriously affects the development of the cucumber industry. Cleome spinosa also has pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and insect repellent. To study the control effect and mechanism of Cleome spinosa fumigation on cucumber wilt disease, different concentrations of Cleome spinosa fragments were applied on cucumber plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum. Cleome spinosa fumigation significantly reduced the incidence rate of cucumber Fusarium wilt. Under the fumigation treatment of 7.5 g kg-1 Cleome spinosa fragments, the preventive effects were 74.7%. Cleome spinosa fragments fumigation can promote cucumber growth and synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, thereby improving individual plant yield and fruit quality. At 7.5 g kg-1 Cleome spinosa fragments fumigation treatment, the plant height and individual plant yield of cucumber increased by 20.3% and 34.3%, respectively. Cleome spinosa fumigation can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cucumber, maintain a balance of reactive oxygen species metabolism, and enhance the plant disease resistance. Moreover, Cleome spinosa can also regulate the activities of Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, enhancing its resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, number of bacteria and fungi significantly decreased under Cleome spinosa fumigation. Those results suggested that Cleome spinosa could effectively restrain cucumber Fusarium wilt. This study will provide a new idea for the further use of biological fumigation to prevent soil-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhe Zhang
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mudanjiang, 157000 China
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Xianghai Meng
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mudanjiang, 157000 China
| | - Xiaodan Jiao
- Heilongjiang Plant Quarantine and Protection Station, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Rina Sa
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Heilongjiang Plant Quarantine and Protection Station, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Heilongjiang Plant Quarantine and Protection Station, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Baicheng Wang
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mudanjiang, 157000 China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Bing Yang
- Mudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Mudanjiang, 157000 China
| | - Chunlei Zou
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800 China
| | - Yanju Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
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Marín-Peña AJ, Vega-Mas I, Busturia I, de la Osa C, González-Moro MB, Monreal JA, Marino D. Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity is essential for Sorghum bicolor tolerance to ammonium nutrition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108312. [PMID: 38154297 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) is an enzyme family with pivotal roles in plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism. A main role for non-photosynthetic PEPC is as anaplerotic enzyme to load tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with carbon skeletons that compensate the intermediates diverted for biomolecule synthesis such as amino acids. When plants are grown under ammonium (NH4+) nutrition, the excessive uptake of NH4+ often provokes a stress situation. When plants face NH4+ stress, N assimilation is greatly induced and thus, requires the supply of carbon skeletons coming from TCA cycle. In this work, we addressed the importance of root PEPC and TCA cycle for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), a C4 cereal crop, grown under ammonium nutrition. To do so, we used RNAi sorghum lines that display a decrease expression of SbPPC3 (Ppc3 lines), the main root PEPC isoform, and reduced root PEPC activity. SbPPC3 silencing provoked ammonium hypersensitivity, meaning lower biomass accumulation in Ppc3 respect to WT plants when growing under ammonium nutrition. The silenced plants presented a deregulation of primary metabolism as highlighted by the accumulation of NH4+ in the root and the alteration of normal TCA functioning, which was evidenced by the accumulation of organic acids in the root under ammonium nutrition. Altogether, our work evidences the importance of non-photosynthetic PEPC, and root TCA cycle, in sorghum to deal with high external NH4+ availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marín-Peña
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - I Vega-Mas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - I Busturia
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - C de la Osa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M B González-Moro
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - J A Monreal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - D Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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4
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Singh J, Garai S, Das S, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Role of C4 photosynthetic enzyme isoforms in C3 plants and their potential applications in improving agronomic traits in crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:233-258. [PMID: 36309625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As compared to C3, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates and better tolerance to high temperature and drought. These traits are highly beneficial in the current scenario of global warming. Interestingly, all the genes of the C4 photosynthetic pathway are present in C3 plants, although they are involved in diverse non-photosynthetic functions. Non-photosynthetic isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), the decarboxylating enzymes NAD/NADP-malic enzyme (NAD/NADP-ME), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and finally pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyze reactions that are essential for major plant metabolism pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, maintenance of cellular pH, uptake of nutrients and their assimilation. Consistent with this view differential expression pattern of these non-photosynthetic C3 isoforms has been observed in different tissues across the plant developmental stages, such as germination, grain filling, and leaf senescence. Also abundance of these C3 isoforms is increased considerably in response to environmental fluctuations particularly during abiotic stress. Here we review the vital roles played by C3 isoforms of C4 enzymes and the probable mechanisms by which they help plants in acclimation to adverse growth conditions. Further, their potential applications to increase the agronomic trait value of C3 crops is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Hu Y, Zhou Y, Fu S, Zhou M, Xu N, Li D, Wang C, Hu Y. Coordination of characteristic cytomembrane and energy metabolism contributes to ethanol-tolerance of Acetobacter pasteurianus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Ren Y, Zhu S. Nitric oxide promotes energy metabolism and protects mitochondrial DNA in peaches during cold storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970303. [PMID: 36275543 PMCID: PMC9582448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria are important organelles related to energy metabolism and are susceptible to oxidative damage. In this experiment, peaches (Prunus persica) were treated with distilled water (as the control), 15 μmol L-1 of nitric oxide (NO), and 20 μmol L-1 of carboxy-PTIO (NO scavenger). The changes in mitochondrial physiological indicators, energy metabolism process, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and repair were quantified. Compared with the control, NO treatment reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the reactive oxygen species content, increased mitochondrial respiration control rate, and promoted energy metabolism by influencing the activities of citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATPase activity in peach mitochondria. NO treatment also maintained the relative copy number of mtDNA and the relative amplification of long PCR in peaches, decreased the level of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine, and upregulated the expression of PpOGG1, PpAPE1, and PpLIG1. These results indicated that exogenous NO treatment (15 μmol L-1) could reduce mtDNA oxidative damage, maintain mtDNA molecular integrity, and inhibit mtDNA copy number reduction by reducing the reactive oxygen species content, thereby promoting mitochondrial energy metabolism and prolonging the storage life of peaches at low temperatures.
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7
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Li Q, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Xie Y. Antifungal effect of
o
‐vanillin on mitochondria of
Aspergillus flavus
: ultrastructure and TCA cycle are destroyed. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Xiaoman Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Yanli Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control College of Food Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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8
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Jin J, Wang J, Li K, Wang S, Qin J, Zhang G, Na X, Wang X, Bi Y. Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Analyses Revealed Molecular Mechanism for Salt Resistance in Soybean Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12848. [PMID: 34884654 PMCID: PMC8657671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is a threat to yield in many crops, including soybean (Glycine max L.). In this study, three soybean cultivars (JD19, LH3, and LD2) with different salt resistance were used to analyze salt tolerance mechanisms using physiology, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and bioinformatic methods. Physiological studies showed that salt-tolerant cultivars JD19 and LH3 had less root growth inhibition, higher antioxidant enzyme activities, lower ROS accumulation, and lower Na+ and Cl- contents than salt-susceptible cultivar LD2 under 100 mM NaCl treatment. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that compared with LD2, salt stress increased the expression of antioxidant metabolism, stress response metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, auxin response protein, transcription, and translation-related genes in JD19 and LH3. The comparison of metabolite profiles indicated that amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle were important metabolic pathways of soybean in response to salt stress. In the further validation analysis of the above two pathways, it was found that compared with LD2, JD19, and LH3 had higher nitrogen absorption and assimilation rate, more amino acid accumulation, and faster TCA cycle activity under salt stress, which helped them better adapt to salt stress. Taken together, this study provides valuable information for better understanding the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance of soybean and also proposes new ideas and methods for cultivating stress-tolerant soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.J.); (K.L.); (S.W.); (J.Q.); (X.N.)
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
- Center for Grassland Microbiome, Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Keke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.J.); (K.L.); (S.W.); (J.Q.); (X.N.)
| | - Shengwang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.J.); (K.L.); (S.W.); (J.Q.); (X.N.)
| | - Juan Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.J.); (K.L.); (S.W.); (J.Q.); (X.N.)
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xiaofan Na
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.J.); (K.L.); (S.W.); (J.Q.); (X.N.)
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.J.); (K.L.); (S.W.); (J.Q.); (X.N.)
| | - Yurong Bi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.J.); (K.L.); (S.W.); (J.Q.); (X.N.)
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9
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Le XH, Lee CP, Millar AH. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) complex mediates one of three pyruvate-supplying pathways that sustain Arabidopsis respiratory metabolism. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2776-2793. [PMID: 34137858 PMCID: PMC8408480 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Malate oxidation by plant mitochondria enables the generation of both oxaloacetate and pyruvate for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function, potentially eliminating the need for pyruvate transport into mitochondria in plants. Here, we show that the absence of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) causes the co-commitment loss of its putative orthologs, MPC3/MPC4, and eliminates pyruvate transport into Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria, proving it is essential for MPC complex function. While the loss of either MPC or mitochondrial pyruvate-generating NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) did not cause vegetative phenotypes, the lack of both reduced plant growth and caused an increase in cellular pyruvate levels, indicating a block in respiratory metabolism, and elevated the levels of branched-chain amino acids at night, a sign of alterative substrate provision for respiration. 13C-pyruvate feeding of leaves lacking MPC showed metabolic homeostasis was largely maintained except for alanine and glutamate, indicating that transamination contributes to the restoration of the metabolic network to an operating equilibrium by delivering pyruvate independently of MPC into the matrix. Inhibition of alanine aminotransferases when MPC1 is absent resulted in extremely retarded phenotypes in Arabidopsis, suggesting all pyruvate-supplying enzymes work synergistically to support the TCA cycle for sustained plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen H. Le
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Chun-Pong Lee
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - A. Harvey Millar
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- Author for correspondence:
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10
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Transcriptome integrated metabolic modeling of carbon assimilation underlying storage root development in cassava. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8758. [PMID: 33888810 PMCID: PMC8062692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The existing genome-scale metabolic model of carbon metabolism in cassava storage roots, rMeCBM, has proven particularly resourceful in exploring the metabolic basis for the phenotypic differences between high and low-yield cassava cultivars. However, experimental validation of predicted metabolic fluxes by carbon labeling is quite challenging. Here, we incorporated gene expression data of developing storage roots into the basic flux-balance model to minimize infeasible metabolic fluxes, denoted as rMeCBMx, thereby improving the plausibility of the simulation and predictive power. Three different conceptual algorithms, GIMME, E-Flux, and HPCOF were evaluated. The rMeCBMx-HPCOF model outperformed others in predicting carbon fluxes in the metabolism of storage roots and, in particular, was highly consistent with transcriptome of high-yield cultivars. The flux prediction was improved through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in cytosol, as has been reported in various studies on root metabolism, but hardly captured by simple FBA models. Moreover, the presence of fluxes through cytosolic glycolysis and alanine biosynthesis pathways were predicted with high consistency with gene expression levels. This study sheds light on the importance of prediction power in the modeling of complex plant metabolism. Integration of multi-omics data would further help mitigate the ill-posed problem of constraint-based modeling, allowing more realistic simulation.
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Ghatak A, Chaturvedi P, Bachmann G, Valledor L, Ramšak Ž, Bazargani MM, Bajaj P, Jegadeesan S, Li W, Sun X, Gruden K, Varshney RK, Weckwerth W. Physiological and Proteomic Signatures Reveal Mechanisms of Superior Drought Resilience in Pearl Millet Compared to Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:600278. [PMID: 33519854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600278.pmid:33519854;pmcid:pmc7838129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Presently, pearl millet and wheat are belonging to highly important cereal crops. Pearl millet, however, is an under-utilized crop, despite its superior resilience to drought and heat stress in contrast to wheat. To investigate this in more detail, we performed comparative physiological screening and large scale proteomics of drought stress responses in drought-tolerant and susceptible genotypes of pearl millet and wheat. These chosen genotypes are widely used in breeding and farming practices. The physiological responses demonstrated large differences in the regulation of root morphology and photosynthetic machinery, revealing a stay-green phenotype in pearl millet. Subsequent tissue-specific proteome analysis of leaves, roots and seeds led to the identification of 12,558 proteins in pearl millet and wheat under well-watered and stress conditions. To allow for this comparative proteome analysis and to provide a platform for future functional proteomics studies we performed a systematic phylogenetic analysis of all orthologues in pearl millet, wheat, foxtail millet, sorghum, barley, brachypodium, rice, maize, Arabidopsis, and soybean. In summary, we define (i) a stay-green proteome signature in the drought-tolerant pearl millet phenotype and (ii) differential senescence proteome signatures in contrasting wheat phenotypes not capable of coping with similar drought stress. These different responses have a significant effect on yield and grain filling processes reflected by the harvest index. Proteome signatures related to root morphology and seed yield demonstrated the unexpected intra- and interspecies-specific biochemical plasticity for stress adaptation for both pearl millet and wheat genotypes. These quantitative reference data provide tissue- and phenotype-specific marker proteins of stress defense mechanisms which are not predictable from the genome sequence itself and have potential value for marker-assisted breeding beyond genome assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology Lab, Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Živa Ramšak
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Prasad Bajaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Weimin Li
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Li W, Finnegan PM, Dai Q, Guo D, Yang M. Metabolic acclimation supports higher aluminium-induced secretion of citrate and malate in an aluminium-tolerant hybrid clone of Eucalyptus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33407145 PMCID: PMC7789223 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucalyptus is the main plantation wood species, mostly grown in aluminized acid soils. To understand the response of Eucalyptus clones to aluminum (Al) toxicity, the Al-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla clone GL-9 (designated "G9") and the Al-sensitive E. urophylla clone GL-4 (designated "W4") were employed to investigate the production and secretion of citrate and malate by roots. RESULTS Eucalyptus seedlings in hydroponics were exposed to the presence or absence of 4.4 mM Al at pH 4.0 for 24 h. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHM) and anion channel blocker phenylglyoxal (PG) were applied to explore possible pathways involved in organic acid secretion. The secretion of malate and citrate was earlier and greater in G9 than in W4, corresponding to less Al accumulation in G9. The concentration of Al in G9 roots peaked after 1 h and decreased afterwards, corresponding with a rapid induction of malate secretion. A time-lag of about 6 h in citrate efflux in G9 was followed by robust secretion to support continuous Al-detoxification. Malate secretion alone may alleviate Al toxicity because the peaks of Al accumulation and malate secretion were simultaneous in W4, which did not secrete appreciable citrate. Enhanced activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), aconitase (ACO) and malic enzyme (ME) were closely associated with the greater secretion of citrate in G9. PG effectively inhibited citrate and malate secretion in both Eucalyptus clones. CHM also inhibited malate and citrate secretion in G9, and citrate secretion in W4, but notably did not affect malate secretion in W4. CONCLUSIONS G9 immediately secrete malate from roots, which had an initial effect on Al-detoxification, followed by time-delayed citrate secretion. Pre-existing anion channel protein first contributed to malate secretion, while synthesis of carrier protein appeared to be needed for citrate excretion. The changes of organic acid concentrations in response to Al can be achieved by enhanced CS and PEPC activities, but was supported by changes in the activities of other enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism. The above information may help to further explore genes related to Al-tolerance in Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Patrick M. Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009 Australia
| | - Qin Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongqiang Guo
- Guangxi Forestry Rearch Institute, Nanning, 530002 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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13
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Wang D, Xu T, Yin Z, Wu W, Geng H, Li L, Yang M, Cai H, Lian X. Overexpression of OsMYB305 in Rice Enhances the Nitrogen Uptake Under Low-Nitrogen Condition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32351516 PMCID: PMC7174616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application causes severe environmental degradation and drives up agricultural production costs. Thus, improving crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for the development of sustainable agriculture. Here, we characterized the roles of the MYB transcription factor OsMYB305 in nitrogen uptake and assimilation in rice. OsMYB305 encoded a transcriptional activator and its expression was induced by N deficiency in rice root. Under low-N condition, OsMYB305 overexpression significantly increased the tiller number, shoot dry weight and total N concentration. In the roots of OsMYB305-OE rice lines, the expression of OsNRT2.1, OsNRT2.2, OsNAR2.1, and OsNiR2 was up-regulated and 15NO3 - influx was significantly increased. In contrast, the expression of lignocellulose biosynthesis-related genes was repressed so that cellulose content decreased, and soluble sugar concentration increased. Certain intermediates in the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were significantly altered and NADH-GOGAT, Pyr-K, and G6PDH were markedly elevated in the roots of OsMYB305-OE rice lines grown under low-N condition. Our results revealed that OsMYB305 overexpression suppressed cellulose biosynthesis under low-nitrogen condition, thereby freeing up carbohydrate for nitrate uptake and assimilation and enhancing rice growth. OsMYB305 is a potential molecular target for increasing NUE in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xingming Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Ghatak A, Chaturvedi P, Bachmann G, Valledor L, Ramšak Ž, Bazargani MM, Bajaj P, Jegadeesan S, Li W, Sun X, Gruden K, Varshney RK, Weckwerth W. Physiological and Proteomic Signatures Reveal Mechanisms of Superior Drought Resilience in Pearl Millet Compared to Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:600278. [PMID: 33519854 PMCID: PMC7838129 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Presently, pearl millet and wheat are belonging to highly important cereal crops. Pearl millet, however, is an under-utilized crop, despite its superior resilience to drought and heat stress in contrast to wheat. To investigate this in more detail, we performed comparative physiological screening and large scale proteomics of drought stress responses in drought-tolerant and susceptible genotypes of pearl millet and wheat. These chosen genotypes are widely used in breeding and farming practices. The physiological responses demonstrated large differences in the regulation of root morphology and photosynthetic machinery, revealing a stay-green phenotype in pearl millet. Subsequent tissue-specific proteome analysis of leaves, roots and seeds led to the identification of 12,558 proteins in pearl millet and wheat under well-watered and stress conditions. To allow for this comparative proteome analysis and to provide a platform for future functional proteomics studies we performed a systematic phylogenetic analysis of all orthologues in pearl millet, wheat, foxtail millet, sorghum, barley, brachypodium, rice, maize, Arabidopsis, and soybean. In summary, we define (i) a stay-green proteome signature in the drought-tolerant pearl millet phenotype and (ii) differential senescence proteome signatures in contrasting wheat phenotypes not capable of coping with similar drought stress. These different responses have a significant effect on yield and grain filling processes reflected by the harvest index. Proteome signatures related to root morphology and seed yield demonstrated the unexpected intra- and interspecies-specific biochemical plasticity for stress adaptation for both pearl millet and wheat genotypes. These quantitative reference data provide tissue- and phenotype-specific marker proteins of stress defense mechanisms which are not predictable from the genome sequence itself and have potential value for marker-assisted breeding beyond genome assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Palak Chaturvedi,
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology Lab, Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Živa Ramšak
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Prasad Bajaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Weimin Li
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Wolfram Weckwerth,
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15
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Dos Santos MS, Sanglard LMPV, Martins SCV, Barbosa ML, de Melo DC, Gonzaga WF, DaMatta FM. Silicon alleviates the impairments of iron toxicity on the rice photosynthetic performance via alterations in leaf diffusive conductance with minimal impacts on carbon metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 143:275-285. [PMID: 31536896 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) toxicity is often observed in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, disrupting cell homeostasis and impairing growth and crop yields. Silicon (Si) can mitigate the effects of Fe excess on rice by decreasing tissue Fe concentrations, but no information exists whether Si could prevent the harmful effects of Fe toxicity on the photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. Two rice cultivars with contrasting abilities to tolerate Fe excess were hydroponically grown under two Fe levels (25 μM or 5 mM) and amended or not with Si (0 or 2 mM). Fe toxicity caused decreases in net photosynthetic rate (A), particularly in the sensitive cultivar. These decreases were correlated with reductions in stomatal (gs) and mesophyll (gm) conductances, as well as with increasing photorespiration. Photochemical (e.g. electron transport rate) and biochemical (e.g., maximum RuBisCO carboxylation capacity and RuBisCO activity) parameters of photosynthesis, and activities of a range of carbon metabolism enzymes, were minimally, if at all, affected by the treatments. Si attenuated the decreases in A by presumably reducing the Fe content. In fact, A as well as gs and gm, correlated significantly with leaf Fe contents. In summary, our data suggest a remarkable metabolic homeostasis under Fe toxicity, and that Si attenuated the impairments of Fe excess on the photosynthetic apparatus by affecting the leaf diffusive conductance with minimal impacts on carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martielly S Dos Santos
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 3570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lílian M P V Sanglard
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 3570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 3570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela L Barbosa
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 3570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Danilo C de Melo
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 3570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - William F Gonzaga
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 3570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 3570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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16
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Zhang Y, Fernie AR. On the role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in plant productivity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1199-1216. [PMID: 29917310 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is one of the canonical energy pathways of living systems, as well as being an example of a pathway in which dynamic enzyme assemblies, or metabolons, are well characterized. The role of the enzymes have been the subject of saturated transgenesis approaches, whereby the expression of the constituent enzymes were reduced or knocked out in order to ascertain their in vivo function. Some of the resultant plants exhibited improved photosynthesis and plant growth, under controlled greenhouse conditions. In addition, overexpression of the endogenous genes, or heterologous forms of a number of the enzymes, has been carried out in tomato fruit and the roots of a range of species, and in some instances improvement in fruit yield and postharvest properties and plant performance, under nutrient limitation, have been reported, respectively. Given a number of variants, in nature, we discuss possible synthetic approaches involving introducing these variants, or at least a subset of them, into plants. We additionally discuss the likely consequences of introducing synthetic metabolons, wherein certain pairs of reactions are artificially permanently assembled into plants, and speculate as to future strategies to further improve plant productivity by manipulation of the core metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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17
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Kong F, Burlacot A, Liang Y, Légeret B, Alseekh S, Brotman Y, Fernie AR, Krieger-Liszkay A, Beisson F, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y. Interorganelle Communication: Peroxisomal MALATE DEHYDROGENASE2 Connects Lipid Catabolism to Photosynthesis through Redox Coupling in Chlamydomonas. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1824-1847. [PMID: 29997239 PMCID: PMC6139685 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae must tightly coordinate photosynthetic electron transport and metabolic activities given that they often face fluctuating light and nutrient conditions. The exchange of metabolites and signaling molecules between organelles is thought to be central to this regulation but evidence for this is still fragmentary. Here, we show that knocking out the peroxisome-located MALATE DEHYDROGENASE2 (MDH2) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii results in dramatic alterations not only in peroxisomal fatty acid breakdown but also in chloroplast starch metabolism and photosynthesis. mdh2 mutants accumulated 50% more storage lipid and 2-fold more starch than the wild type during nitrogen deprivation. In parallel, mdh2 showed increased photosystem II yield and photosynthetic CO2 fixation. Metabolite analyses revealed a >60% reduction in malate, together with increased levels of NADPH and H2O2 in mdh2 Similar phenotypes were found upon high light exposure. Furthermore, based on the lack of starch accumulation in a knockout mutant of the H2O2-producing peroxisomal ACYL-COA OXIDASE2 and on the effects of H2O2 supplementation, we propose that peroxisome-derived H2O2 acts as a regulator of chloroplast metabolism. We conclude that peroxisomal MDH2 helps photoautotrophs cope with nitrogen scarcity and high light by transmitting the redox state of the peroxisome to the chloroplast by means of malate shuttle- and H2O2-based redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Kong
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Yuanxue Liang
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA Saclay, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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18
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Cañas RA, Yesbergenova-Cuny Z, Simons M, Chardon F, Armengaud P, Quilleré I, Cukier C, Gibon Y, Limami AM, Nicolas S, Brulé L, Lea PJ, Maranas CD, Hirel B. Exploiting the Genetic Diversity of Maize Using a Combined Metabolomic, Enzyme Activity Profiling, and Metabolic Modeling Approach to Link Leaf Physiology to Kernel Yield. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:919-943. [PMID: 28396554 PMCID: PMC5466022 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A combined metabolomic, biochemical, fluxomic, and metabolic modeling approach was developed using 19 genetically distant maize (Zea mays) lines from Europe and America. Considerable differences were detected between the lines when leaf metabolic profiles and activities of the main enzymes involved in primary metabolism were compared. During grain filling, the leaf metabolic composition appeared to be a reliable marker, allowing a classification matching the genetic diversity of the lines. During the same period, there was a significant correlation between the genetic distance of the lines and the activities of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism, notably glycolysis. Although large differences were observed in terms of leaf metabolic fluxes, these variations were not tightly linked to the genome structure of the lines. Both correlation studies and metabolic network analyses allowed the description of a maize ideotype with a high grain yield potential. Such an ideotype is characterized by low accumulation of soluble amino acids and carbohydrates in the leaves and high activity of enzymes involved in the C4 photosynthetic pathway and in the biosynthesis of amino acids derived from glutamate. Chlorogenates appear to be important markers that can be used to select for maize lines that produce larger kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Cañas
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Zhazira Yesbergenova-Cuny
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Margaret Simons
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Fabien Chardon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Patrick Armengaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Quilleré
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Caroline Cukier
- University of Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207, Qualité et Santé du Végétal, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- Unité Mixte Recherche 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Bordeaux Métabolome Platform, INRA de Bordeaux-Aquitaine, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Anis M Limami
- University of Angers, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207, Qualité et Santé du Végétal, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Stéphane Nicolas
- Station de Génétique Végétale, INRA-UPS-INAPG-CNRS, Ferme du Moulon, F-91190 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Lenaïg Brulé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Peter J Lea
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Costas D Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Bertrand Hirel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, INRA-Agro-ParisTech, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3559, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France
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19
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Glaubitz U, Li X, Schaedel S, Erban A, Sulpice R, Kopka J, Hincha DK, Zuther E. Integrated analysis of rice transcriptomic and metabolomic responses to elevated night temperatures identifies sensitivity- and tolerance-related profiles. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:121-137. [PMID: 27761892 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcript and metabolite profiling were performed on leaves from six rice cultivars under high night temperature (HNT) condition. Six genes were identified as central for HNT response encoding proteins involved in transcription regulation, signal transduction, protein-protein interactions, jasmonate response and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Sensitive cultivars showed specific changes in transcript abundance including abiotic stress responses, changes of cell wall-related genes, of ABA signaling and secondary metabolism. Additionally, metabolite profiles revealed a highly activated TCA cycle under HNT and concomitantly increased levels in pathways branching off that could be corroborated by enzyme activity measurements. Integrated data analysis using clustering based on one-dimensional self-organizing maps identified two profiles highly correlated with HNT sensitivity. The sensitivity profile included genes of the functional bins abiotic stress, hormone metabolism, cell wall, signaling, redox state, transcription factors, secondary metabolites and defence genes. In the tolerance profile, similar bins were affected with slight differences in hormone metabolism and transcription factor responses. Metabolites of the two profiles revealed involvement of GABA signaling, thus providing a link to the TCA cycle status in sensitive cultivars and of myo-inositol as precursor for inositol phosphates linking jasmonate signaling to the HNT response specifically in tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Glaubitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xia Li
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sandra Schaedel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- ICRC Weyer GmbH, Bölschestraße 35, D-12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Plant Systems Biology Research Lab, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Botany and Plant Science, National University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Li J, Lv X, Wang L, Qiu Z, Song X, Lin J, Chen W. Transcriptome analysis reveals the accumulation mechanism of anthocyanins in ‘Zijuan’ tea (Camellia sinensis var. asssamica (Masters) kitamura) leaves. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2017. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-016-0183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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21
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Zhang X, Li K, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Metabolite Profiling of Wheat Seedlings Induced by Chitosan: Revelation of the Enhanced Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2017. [PMID: 29234335 PMCID: PMC5712320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan plays an important role in regulating growth and eliciting defense in many plant species. However, the exact metabolic response of plants to chitosan is still not clear. The present study performed an integrative analysis of metabolite profiles in chitosan-treated wheat seedlings and further investigated the response of enzyme activities and transcript expression related to the primary carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism. Metabolite profiling revealed that chitosan could induce significant difference of organic acids, sugars and amino acids in leaves of wheat seedlings. A higher accumulation of sucrose content was observed after chitosan treatment, accompanied by an increase in sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and fructose 1, 6-2 phosphatase (FBPase) activities as well as an up-regulation of relative expression level. Several metabolites associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, including oxaloacetate and malate, were also improved along with an elevation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities. On the other hand, chitosan could also enhance the N reduction and N assimilation. Glutamate, aspartate and some other amino acids were higher in chitosan-treated plants, accompanied by the activation of key enzymes of N reduction and glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) cycle. Together, these results suggested a pleiotropic modulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat seedlings induced by chitosan and provided a significant insight into the metabolic mechanism of plants in response to chitosan for the first time, and it would give a basic guidance for the future application of chitosan in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Pengcheng Li,
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22
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Abstract
Mitochondria are vital cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells responsible for oxidative energy metabolism and the synthesis of intermediates utilized in various other metabolic pathways. The functions of mitochondrion are the oxidation of organic acids by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the synthesis of ATP by the oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The TCA cycle is composed by a set of enzymes that are essential for optimal functioning of the primary carbon metabolism in plants. The activity of each TCA cycle enzyme in plants may vary according to cell type, plant tissue, stage of plant development, and the environment. Here, we describe current methods used for the determination of the TCA cycle enzyme activities in different plant tissues.
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23
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Ghaffari MR, Shahinnia F, Usadel B, Junker B, Schreiber F, Sreenivasulu N, Hajirezaei MR. The Metabolic Signature of Biomass Formation in Barley. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1943-60. [PMID: 27388338 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The network analysis of genome-wide transcriptome responses, metabolic signatures and enzymes' relationship to biomass formation has been studied in a diverse panel of 12 barley accessions during vegetative and reproductive stages. The primary metabolites and enzymes involved in central metabolism that determine the accumulation of shoot biomass at the vegetative stage of barley development are primarily being linked to sucrose accumulation and sucrose synthase activity. Interestingly, the metabolic and enzyme links which are strongly associated with biomass accumulation during reproductive stages are related to starch accumulation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates citrate, malate, trans-aconitate and isocitrate. Additional significant associations were also found for UDP glucose, ATP and the amino acids isoleucine, valine, glutamate and histidine during the reproductive stage. A network analysis resulted in a combined identification of metabolite and enzyme signatures indicative for grain weight accumulation that was correlated with the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in starch biosynthesis, and with that of alanine amino transferase involved in the synthesis of storage proteins. We propose that the mechanism related to vegetative and reproductive biomass formation vs. seed biomass formation is being linked to distinct fluxes regulating sucrose, starch, sugars and amino acids as central resources. These distinct biomarkers can be used to engineer biomass production and grain weight in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Ghaffari
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Tehran, Iran Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute of Botany, RWTH Aachen University, BioSC Germany and IBG-2 Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Junker
- Institute of Pharmacy/Biosynthesis of Active Substances, Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Monash University, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Mohammad R Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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24
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Identification of candidate genes and natural allelic variants for QTLs governing plant height in chickpea. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27968. [PMID: 27319304 PMCID: PMC4913251 DOI: 10.1038/srep27968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, molecular mapping of high-resolution plant height QTLs was performed by integrating 3625 desi genome-derived GBS (genotyping-by-sequencing)-SNPs on an ultra-high resolution intra-specific chickpea genetic linkage map (dwarf/semi-dwarf desi cv. ICC12299 x tall kabuli cv. ICC8261). The identified six major genomic regions harboring six robust QTLs (11.5-21.3 PVE), associated with plant height, were mapped within <0.5 cM average marker intervals on six chromosomes. Five SNPs-containing genes tightly linked to the five plant height QTLs, were validated based upon their high potential for target trait association (12.9-20.8 PVE) in 65 desi and kabuli chickpea accessions. The vegetative tissue-specific expression, including higher differential up-regulation (>5-fold) of five genes especially in shoot, young leaf, shoot apical meristem of tall mapping parental accession (ICC8261) as compared to that of dwarf/semi-dwarf parent (ICC12299) was apparent. Overall, combining high-resolution QTL mapping with genetic association analysis and differential expression profiling, delineated natural allelic variants in five candidate genes (encoding cytochrome-c-biosynthesis protein, malic oxidoreductase, NADH dehydrogenase iron-sulfur protein, expressed protein and bZIP transcription factor) regulating plant height in chickpea. These molecular tags have potential to dissect complex plant height trait and accelerate marker-assisted genetic enhancement for developing cultivars with desirable plant height ideotypes in chickpea.
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25
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Takagi D, Ifuku K, Ikeda KI, Inoue KI, Park P, Tamoi M, Inoue H, Sakamoto K, Saito R, Miyake C. Suppression of Chloroplastic Alkenal/One Oxidoreductase Represses the Carbon Catabolic Pathway in Arabidopsis Leaves during Night. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2024-39. [PMID: 26884484 PMCID: PMC4825146 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS) possess electrophilic moieties and cause oxidative stress by reacting with cellular components. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a chloroplast-localized alkenal/one oxidoreductase (AtAOR) for the detoxification of lipid-derived RCS, especially α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the physiological importance of AtAOR and analyzed AtAOR (aor) mutants, including a transfer DNA knockout, aor (T-DNA), and RNA interference knockdown, aor (RNAi), lines. We found that both aor mutants showed smaller plant sizes than wild-type plants when they were grown under day/night cycle conditions. To elucidate the cause of the aor mutant phenotype, we analyzed the photosynthetic rate and the respiration rate by gas-exchange analysis. Subsequently, we found that both wild-type and aor (RNAi) plants showed similar CO2 assimilation rates; however, the respiration rate was lower in aor (RNAi) than in wild-type plants. Furthermore, we revealed that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity decreased and starch degradation during the night was suppressed in aor (RNAi). In contrast, the phenotype of aor (RNAi) was rescued when aor (RNAi) plants were grown under constant light conditions. These results indicate that the smaller plant sizes observed in aor mutants grown under day/night cycle conditions were attributable to the decrease in carbon utilization during the night. Here, we propose that the detoxification of lipid-derived RCS by AtAOR in chloroplasts contributes to the protection of dark respiration and supports plant growth during the night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Ken-Ichi Ikeda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Kanako Ikeda Inoue
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Pyoyun Park
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Hironori Inoue
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
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26
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Medeiros DB, Martins SCV, Cavalcanti JHF, Daloso DM, Martinoia E, Nunes-Nesi A, DaMatta FM, Fernie AR, Araújo WL. Enhanced Photosynthesis and Growth in atquac1 Knockout Mutants Are Due to Altered Organic Acid Accumulation and an Increase in Both Stomatal and Mesophyll Conductance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:86-101. [PMID: 26542441 PMCID: PMC4704574 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stomata control the exchange of CO2 and water vapor in land plants. Thus, whereas a constant supply of CO2 is required to maintain adequate rates of photosynthesis, the accompanying water losses must be tightly regulated to prevent dehydration and undesired metabolic changes. Accordingly, the uptake or release of ions and metabolites from guard cells is necessary to achieve normal stomatal function. The AtQUAC1, an R-type anion channel responsible for the release of malate from guard cells, is essential for efficient stomatal closure. Here, we demonstrate that mutant plants lacking AtQUAC1 accumulated higher levels of malate and fumarate. These mutant plants not only display slower stomatal closure in response to increased CO2 concentration and dark but are also characterized by improved mesophyll conductance. These responses were accompanied by increases in both photosynthesis and respiration rates, without affecting the activity of photosynthetic and respiratory enzymes and the expression of other transporter genes in guard cells, which ultimately led to improved growth. Collectively, our results highlight that the transport of organic acids plays a key role in plant cell metabolism and demonstrate that AtQUAC1 reduce diffusive limitations to photosynthesis, which, at least partially, explain the observed increments in growth under well-watered conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
| | - João Henrique F Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., S.C.V.M, J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., F.M.D., W.L.A.) and Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (D.B.M., J.H.F.C., A.N.-N., W.L.A.), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (D.M.D., A.R.F.); andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (E.M.)
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27
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Abstract
Mitochondria are sites for respiration to produce chemical energy via oxidative phosphorylation. Their primary role has been viewed as the oxidation of organic acids via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the synthesis of ATP coupled to the transfer of electrons to O2. TCA cycle enzymes are essential for plant carbon metabolism and provide the reductant for the electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes that in turn drives ATP synthesis. The activity of individual enzymes will determine the flux of metabolism and thus the downstream consequences for respiration rate. Measurements of activities of mitochondrial enzymes, such as components of TCA cycle and the ETC, can provide insight into regulation of mitochondrial function. The activities of these enzymes vary between developmental stages, in different tissues, and in response to environmental conditions. In this chapter, methods for enzymatic assay of TCA cycle enzymes and a number of the ETC complex enzymes are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobai Huang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia,
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28
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Moriyama T, Sakurai K, Sekine K, Sato N. Subcellular distribution of central carbohydrate metabolism pathways in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. PLANTA 2014; 240:585-98. [PMID: 25009310 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive subcellular localization analysis revealed that the subcellular distribution of carbohydrate metabolic pathways in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon is essentially identical with that in Arabidopsis , except the lack of transaldolase. In plants, the glycolysis and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways (oxPPP) are located in both cytosol and plastids. However, in algae, particularly red algae, the subcellular localization of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism is unclear. Here, we identified and examined the localization of enzymes related to glycolysis, oxPPP, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and Calvin-Benson cycles in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. A gene encoding transaldolase of the oxPPP was not found in the C. merolae genome, and no transaldolase activity was detected in cellular extracts. The subcellular localization of 65 carbon metabolic enzymes tagged with green fluorescent protein or hemagglutinin was examined in C. merolae cells. As expected, TCA and Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes were localized to mitochondria and plastids, respectively. The analyses also revealed that the cytosol contains the entire glycolytic pathway and partial oxPPP, whereas the plastid contains a partial glycolytic pathway and complete oxPPP, with the exception of transaldolase. Together, these results suggest that the subcellular distribution of carbohydrate metabolic pathways in C. merolae is essentially identical with that reported in the photosynthetic tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana; however, it appears that substrates typically utilized by transaldolase are consumed by glycolytic enzymes in the plastidic oxPPP of C. merolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Moriyama
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan,
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29
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Florian A, Nikoloski Z, Sulpice R, Timm S, Araújo WL, Tohge T, Bauwe H, Fernie AR. Analysis of short-term metabolic alterations in Arabidopsis following changes in the prevailing environmental conditions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:893-911. [PMID: 24503159 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although a considerable increase in our knowledge concerning the importance of metabolic adjustments to unfavorable growth conditions has been recently provided, relatively little is known about the adjustments which occur in response to fluctuation in environmental factors. Evaluating the metabolic adjustments occurring under changing environmental conditions thus offers a good opportunity to increase our current understanding of the crosstalk between the major pathways which are affected by such conditions. To this end, plants growing under normal conditions were transferred to different light and temperature conditions which were anticipated to affect (amongst other processes) the rates of photosynthesis and photorespiration and characterized at the physiological, molecular, and metabolic levels following this transition. Our results revealed similar behavior in response to both treatments and imply a tight connectivity of photorespiration with the major pathways of plant metabolism. They further highlight that the majority of the regulation of these pathways is not mediated at the level of transcription but that leaf metabolism is rather pre-poised to adapt to changes in these input parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Florian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Schertl P, Braun HP. Respiratory electron transfer pathways in plant mitochondria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:163. [PMID: 24808901 PMCID: PMC4010797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer from organic substrates onto molecular oxygen with proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting proton gradient is used by the ATP synthase complex for ATP formation. In plants, the ETC is especially intricate. Besides the "classical" oxidoreductase complexes (complex I-IV) and the mobile electron transporters cytochrome c and ubiquinone, it comprises numerous "alternative oxidoreductases." Furthermore, several dehydrogenases localized in the mitochondrial matrix and the mitochondrial intermembrane space directly or indirectly provide electrons for the ETC. Entry of electrons into the system occurs via numerous pathways which are dynamically regulated in response to the metabolic state of a plant cell as well as environmental factors. This mini review aims to summarize recent findings on respiratory electron transfer pathways in plants and on the involved components and supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Abteilung Pflanzenproteomik, Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
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Enzymatic properties of Populus α- and β-NAD-ME recombinant proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12994-3004. [PMID: 23797660 PMCID: PMC3742170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140712994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mitochondrial NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME), which is composed of α- and β-subunits in many species, participates in many plant biosynthetic pathways and in plant respiratory metabolism. However, little is known about the properties of woody plant NAD-MEs. In this study, we analyzed four NAD-ME genes (PtNAD-ME1 through PtNAD-ME4) in the genome of Populus trichocarpa. PtNAD-ME1 and -2 encode putative α-subunits, while PtNAD-ME3 and -4 encode putative β-subunits. The Populus NAD-MEs were expressed in Escherichia coli cells as GST-tagged fusion proteins. Each recombinant GST-PtNAD-ME protein was purified to near homogeneity by glutathione-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Milligram quantities of each native protein were obtained from 1 L bacterial cultures after cleavage of the GST tag. Analysis of the enzymatic properties of these proteins in vitro indicated that α-NAD-MEs are more active than β-NAD-MEs and that α- and β-NAD-MEs presented different kinetic properties (Vmax, kcat and kcat/Km). The effect of different amounts of metabolites on the activities of Populus α- and β-NAD-MEs was assessed in vitro. While none of the metabolites evaluated in our assays activated Populus NAD-ME, oxalacetate and citrate inhibited all α- and β-NAD-MEs and glucose-6-P and fructose inhibited only the α-NAD-MEs.
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Osorio S, Vallarino JG, Szecowka M, Ufaz S, Tzin V, Angelovici R, Galili G, Fernie AR. Alteration of the interconversion of pyruvate and malate in the plastid or cytosol of ripening tomato fruit invokes diverse consequences on sugar but similar effects on cellular organic acid, metabolism, and transitory starch accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:628-43. [PMID: 23250627 PMCID: PMC3561009 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.211094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of decreased cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and plastidic NADP-dependent malic enzyme (ME) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening. Transgenic tomato plants with strongly reduced levels of PEPCK and plastidic NADP-ME were generated by RNA interference gene silencing under the control of a ripening-specific E8 promoter. While these genetic modifications had relatively little effect on the total fruit yield and size, they had strong effects on fruit metabolism. Both transformants were characterized by lower levels of starch at breaker stage. Analysis of the activation state of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase correlated with the decrease of starch in both transformants, which suggests that it is due to an altered cellular redox status. Moreover, metabolic profiling and feeding experiments involving positionally labeled glucoses of fruits lacking in plastidic NADP-ME and cytosolic PEPCK activities revealed differential changes in overall respiration rates and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux. Inactivation of cytosolic PEPCK affected the respiration rate, which suggests that an excess of oxaloacetate is converted to aspartate and reintroduced in the TCA cycle via 2-oxoglutarate/glutamate. On the other hand, the plastidic NADP-ME antisense lines were characterized by no changes in respiration rates and TCA cycle flux, which together with increases of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities indicate that pyruvate is supplied through these enzymes to the TCA cycle. These results are discussed in the context of current models of the importance of malate during tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Osorio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Szecowka M, Osorio S, Obata T, Araújo WL, Rohrmann J, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR. Decreasing the mitochondrial synthesis of malate in potato tubers does not affect plastidial starch synthesis, suggesting that the physiological regulation of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase is context dependent. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:2227-38. [PMID: 23064409 PMCID: PMC3510143 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.204826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the malate content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit by altering the expression of mitochondrially localized enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle resulted in enhanced transitory starch accumulation and subsequent effects on postharvest fruit physiology. In this study, we assessed whether such a manipulation would similarly affect starch biosynthesis in an organ that displays a linear, as opposed to a transient, kinetic of starch accumulation. For this purpose, we used RNA interference to down-regulate the expression of fumarase in potato (Solanum tuberosum) under the control of the tuber-specific B33 promoter. Despite displaying similar reductions in both fumarase activity and malate content as observed in tomato fruit expressing the same construct, the resultant transformants were neither characterized by an increased flux to, or accumulation of, starch, nor by alteration in yield parameters. Since the effect in tomato was mechanistically linked to derepression of the reaction catalyzed by ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, we evaluated whether the lack of effect on starch biosynthesis was due to differences in enzymatic properties of the enzyme from potato and tomato or rather due to differential subcellular compartmentation of reductant in the different organs. The results are discussed in the context both of current models of metabolic compartmentation and engineering.
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Pyl ET, Piques M, Ivakov A, Schulze W, Ishihara H, Stitt M, Sulpice R. Metabolism and growth in Arabidopsis depend on the daytime temperature but are temperature-compensated against cool nights. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:2443-69. [PMID: 22739829 PMCID: PMC3406903 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.097188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal cycles provide a tractable system to study the response of metabolism and growth to fluctuating temperatures. We reasoned that the response to daytime and night temperature may vary; while daytime temperature affects photosynthesis, night temperature affects use of carbon that was accumulated in the light. Three Arabidopsis thaliana accessions were grown in thermocycles under carbon-limiting conditions with different daytime or night temperatures (12 to 24 °C) and analyzed for biomass, photosynthesis, respiration, enzyme activities, protein levels, and metabolite levels. The data were used to model carbon allocation and growth rates in the light and dark. Low daytime temperature led to an inhibition of photosynthesis and an even larger inhibition of growth. The inhibition of photosynthesis was partly ameliorated by a general increase in protein content. Low night temperature had no effect on protein content, starch turnover, or growth. In a warm night, there is excess capacity for carbon use. We propose that use of this capacity is restricted by feedback inhibition, which is relaxed at lower night temperature, thus buffering growth against fluctuations in night temperature. As examples, the rate of starch degradation is completely temperature compensated against even sudden changes in temperature, and polysome loading increases when the night temperature is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Theresa Pyl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Piques
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Waltraud Schulze
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Lehmann M, Laxa M, Sweetlove LJ, Fernie AR, Obata T. Metabolic recovery of Arabidopsis thaliana roots following cessation of oxidative stress. Metabolomics 2012; 8:143-153. [PMID: 22279429 PMCID: PMC3258409 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-011-0296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To cope with the various environmental stresses resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production plant metabolism is known to be altered specifically under different stresses. After overcoming the stress the metabolism should be reconfigured to recover basal operation however knowledge concerning how this is achieved is cursory. To investigate the metabolic recovery of roots following oxidative stress, changes in metabolite abundance and carbon flow were analysed. Arabidopsis roots were treated by menadione to elicit oxidative stress. Roots were fed with (13)C labelled glucose and the redistribution of isotope was determined in order to study carbon flow. The label redistribution through many pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism were reduced under oxidative stress. After menadione removal many of the stress-related changes reverted back to basal levels. Decreases in amounts of hexose phosphates, malate, 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate and aspartate were fully recovered or even increased to above the control level. However, some metabolites such as pentose phosphates and citrate did not recover but maintained their levels or even increased further. The alteration in label redistribution largely correlated with that in metabolite abundance. Glycolytic carbon flow reverted to the control level only 18 h after menadione removal although the TCA cycle and some amino acids such as aspartate and glutamate took longer to recover. Taken together, plant root metabolism was demonstrated to be able to overcome menadione-induced oxidative stress with the differential time period required by independent pathways suggestive of the involvement of pathway specific regulatory processes. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-011-0296-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Miriam Laxa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB UK
| | - Lee J. Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB UK
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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36
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Zhang Y, Xiao W, Luo L, Pang J, Rong W, He C. Downregulation of OsPK1, a cytosolic pyruvate kinase, by T-DNA insertion causes dwarfism and panicle enclosure in rice. PLANTA 2012; 235:25-38. [PMID: 21805151 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the final step of glycolysis. There are few reports on the role of PK in rice. Here, we identified a novel rice dwarf mutant, designated as ospk1, showing dwarfism, panicle enclosure, reduced seed set, and outgrowth of axillary buds from culm nodes. Sequence analyses of 5'-RACE indicated that a single T-DNA was inserted in the transcriptional regulatory region of OsPK1 in ospk1. Quantitative RT-PCR result showed that OsPK1 expression was decreased by approximately 90% in ospk1 compared with that in WT. Enzyme assay and transient expression in protoplasts indicated that OsPK1 encodes a cytosolic PK (PK(c)). Complementation with OsPK1 demonstrated that OsPK1 is responsible for the phenotype of ospk1. Quantitative RT-PCR and GUS staining analyses exhibited that OsPK1 was expressed mainly in leaf mesophyll cells, phloem companion cells in stems, and cortical parenchyma cells in roots. The transcriptions of four other putative enzymes involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway were altered in ospk1. The amount of pyruvate is decreased in ospk1. We propose that OsPK1 plays an important role through affecting the glycolytic pathway. The contents of glucose and fructose were markedly accumulated in flag leaf blade and panicle of ospk1. The sucrose level in panicle of ospk1 was decreased by approximately 84%. These findings indicated that both monosaccharide metabolism and sugar transport are altered due to the decreased expression of OsPK1. Together, these results provide new insights into the role of PK(c) in plant morphological development, especially plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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37
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Araújo WL, Tohge T, Nunes-Nesi A, Daloso DM, Nimick M, Krahnert I, Bunik VI, Moorhead GBG, Fernie AR. Phosphonate analogs of 2-oxoglutarate perturb metabolism and gene expression in illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:114. [PMID: 22876250 PMCID: PMC3410613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (2-OGDHC) has previously been demonstrated in plant heterotrophic tissues its role in photosynthetically active tissues remains poorly understood. By using a combination of metabolite and transcript profiles we here investigated the function of 2-OGDHC in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana via use of specific phosphonate inhibitors of the enzyme. Incubation of leaf disks with the inhibitors revealed that they produced the anticipated effects on the in situ enzyme activity. In vitro experiments revealed that succinyl phosphonate (SP) and a carboxy ethyl ester of SP are slow-binding inhibitors of the 2-OGDHC. Our results indicate that the reduced respiration rates are associated with changes in the regulation of metabolic and signaling pathways leading to an imbalance in carbon-nitrogen metabolism and cell homeostasis. The inducible alteration of primary metabolism was associated with altered expression of genes belonging to networks of amino acids, plant respiration, and sugar metabolism. In addition, by using isothermal titration calorimetry we excluded the possibility that the changes in gene expression resulted from an effect on 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) binding to the carbon/ATP sensing protein PII. We also demonstrated that the 2OG degradation by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase strongly influences the distribution of intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the GABA shunt. Our results indicate that the TCA cycle activity is clearly working in a non-cyclic manner upon 2-OGDHC inhibition during the light period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L. Araújo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo M. Daloso
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mhairi Nimick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ina Krahnert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- A.N. Belozersly Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | | | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alisdair R. Fernie, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. e-mail:
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Katz E, Boo KH, Kim HY, Eigenheer RA, Phinney BS, Shulaev V, Negre-Zakharov F, Sadka A, Blumwald E. Label-free shotgun proteomics and metabolite analysis reveal a significant metabolic shift during citrus fruit development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5367-84. [PMID: 21841177 PMCID: PMC3223037 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Label-free LC-MS/MS-based shot-gun proteomics was used to quantify the differential protein synthesis and metabolite profiling in order to assess metabolic changes during the development of citrus fruits. Our results suggested the occurrence of a metabolic change during citrus fruit maturation, where the organic acid and amino acid accumulation seen during the early stages of development shifted into sugar synthesis during the later stage of citrus fruit development. The expression of invertases remained unchanged, while an invertase inhibitor was up-regulated towards maturation. The increased expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose-6-phosphate phosphatase and the rapid sugar accumulation suggest that sucrose is also being synthesized in citrus juice sac cells during the later stage of fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyung Hwan Boo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ho Youn Kim
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A. Eigenheer
- Genome Center, Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- Genome Center, Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | | | - Avi Sadka
- Department of Fruit Tree Species, ARO, The Volcani Center, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Klodmann J, Senkler M, Rode C, Braun HP. Defining the protein complex proteome of plant mitochondria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:587-98. [PMID: 21841088 PMCID: PMC3192552 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.182352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A classical approach, protein separation by two-dimensional blue native/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was combined with tandem mass spectrometry and up-to-date computer technology to characterize the mitochondrial "protein complex proteome" of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in so far unrivaled depth. We further developed the novel GelMap software package to annotate and evaluate two-dimensional blue native/sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. The software allows (1) annotation of proteins according to functional and structural correlations (e.g. subunits of a distinct protein complex), (2) assignment of comprehensive protein identification lists to individual gel spots, and thereby (3) selective display of protein complexes of low abundance. In total, 471 distinct proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, several of which form part of at least 35 different mitochondrial protein complexes. To our knowledge, numerous protein complexes were described for the first time (e.g. complexes including pentatricopeptide repeat proteins involved in nucleic acid metabolism). Discovery of further protein complexes within our data set is open to everybody via the public GelMap portal at www.gelmap.de/arabidopsis_mito.
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40
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Suppression of glutamate synthase genes significantly affects carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.). SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:651-63. [PMID: 21748588 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) glutamate synthase (GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) enzymes have been proposed to have great potential for improving nitrogen use efficiency, but their functions in vivo and their effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism have not been systematically explored. In this research, we analyzed transcriptional profiles of rice GOGAT genes using a genome-wide microarray database, and investigated the effects of suppression of glutamate synthase genes on carbon and nitrogen metabolism using GOGAT co-suppressed rice plants. Transcriptional profiles showed that rice GOGAT genes were expressed differently in various tissues and organs, which suggested that they have different roles in vivo. Compared with the wild-type, tiller number, total shoot dry weight, and yield of GOGAT co-suppressed plants were significantly decreased. Physiological and biochemical studies showed that the contents of nitrate, several kinds of free amino acids, chlorophyll, sugars, sugar phosphates, and pyridine nucleotides were significantly decreased in leaves of GOGAT co-suppressed plants, but the contents of free ammonium, 2-oxoglutarate, and isocitrate in leaves were increased. We conclude that GOGATs play essential roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and that they are indispensable for efficient nitrogen assimilation in rice.
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41
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Lee CP, Eubel H, O'Toole N, Millar AH. Combining proteomics of root and shoot mitochondria and transcript analysis to define constitutive and variable components in plant mitochondria. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1092-108. [PMID: 21296373 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria undertake respiration in plant cells, but through metabolic plasticity utilize differ proportions of substrates and deliver different proportions of products to cellular metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. In Arabidopsis the mitochondrial proteome from shoots and cell culture have been reported, but there has been little information on mitochondria in roots. We compare the root mitochondrial proteome with mitochondria isolated from photosynthetic shoots to define the role of protein abundance in these differences. The major differences observed were in the abundance and/or activities of enzymes in the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial enzymes involved in photorespiration. Metabolic pathways linked to TCA cycle and photorespiration were also altered, namely cysteine, formate and one-carbon metabolism, as well as amino acid metabolism focused on 2-oxoglutarate generation. Comparisons to microarray analysis of these same tissues showed a positive correlation between mRNA and mitochondrial protein abundance, but still ample evidence for the role of post-transcriptional processes in defining mitochondrial composition. Broader comparisons of transcript abundances for mitochondrial components across Arabidopsis tissues provided additional evidence for specialization of plant mitochondria, and clustering of these data in functional groups showed the constitutive vs variably expressed components of plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pong Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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42
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Obata T, Matthes A, Koszior S, Lehmann M, Araújo WL, Bock R, Sweetlove LJ, Fernie AR. Alteration of mitochondrial protein complexes in relation to metabolic regulation under short-term oxidative stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1081-91. [PMID: 21146842 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants reconfigure their metabolic network under stress conditions. Changes of mitochondrial metabolism such as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism are reported in Arabidopsis roots but the exact molecular basis underlying this remains unknown. We here hypothesise the reassembly of enzyme protein complexes to be a molecular mechanism for metabolic regulation and tried in the present study to find out mitochondrial protein complexes which change their composition under oxidative stress by the combinatorial approach of proteomics and metabolomics. Arabidopsis seedlings were treated with menadione to induce oxidative stress. The inhibition of several TCA cycle enzymes and the oxidised NADPH pool indicated the onset of oxidative stress. In blue native/SDS-PAGE analysis of mitochondrial protein complexes the intensities of 18 spots increased and those of 13 spots decreased in menadione treated samples suggesting these proteins associate with, or dissociate from, protein complexes. Some spots were identified as metabolic enzymes related to central carbon metabolism such as malic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and alanine aminotransferase. The change in spot intensity was not directly correlated to the total enzyme activity and mRNA level of the corresponding enzyme but closely related to the metabolite profile, suggesting the metabolism is regulated under oxidative stress at a higher level than translation. These results are somewhat preliminary but suggest the regulation of the TCA cycle, glycolysis, ascorbate and amino acid metabolism by reassembly of plant enzyme complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Aubry S, Brown NJ, Hibberd JM. The role of proteins in C(3) plants prior to their recruitment into the C(4) pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:3049-59. [PMID: 21321052 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Our most productive crops and native vegetation use a modified version of photosynthesis known as the C(4) pathway. Leaves of C(4) crops have increased nitrogen and water use efficiencies compared with C(3) species. Although the modifications to leaves of C(4) plants are complex, their faster growth led to the proposal that C(4) photosynthesis should be installed in C(3) crops in order to increase yield potential. Typically, a limited set of proteins become restricted to mesophyll or bundle sheath cells, and this allows CO(2) to be concentrated around the primary carboxylase RuBisCO. The role that these proteins play in C(3) species prior to their recruitment into the C(4) pathway is addressed here. Understanding the role of these proteins in C(3) plants is likely to be of use in predicting how the metabolism of a C(3) leaf will alter as components of the C(4) pathway are introduced as part of efforts to install characteristics of C(4) photosynthesis in leaves of C(3) crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Aubry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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44
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The remarkable diversity of plant PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase): recent insights into the physiological functions and post-translational controls of non-photosynthetic PEPCs. Biochem J 2011; 436:15-34. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PEPC [PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) carboxylase] is a tightly controlled enzyme located at the core of plant C-metabolism that catalyses the irreversible β-carboxylation of PEP to form oxaloacetate and Pi. The critical role of PEPC in assimilating atmospheric CO2 during C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis has been studied extensively. PEPC also fulfils a broad spectrum of non-photosynthetic functions, particularly the anaplerotic replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates consumed during biosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. An impressive array of strategies has evolved to co-ordinate in vivo PEPC activity with cellular demands for C4–C6 carboxylic acids. To achieve its diverse roles and complex regulation, PEPC belongs to a small multigene family encoding several closely related PTPCs (plant-type PEPCs), along with a distantly related BTPC (bacterial-type PEPC). PTPC genes encode ~110-kDa polypeptides containing conserved serine-phosphorylation and lysine-mono-ubiquitination sites, and typically exist as homotetrameric Class-1 PEPCs. In contrast, BTPC genes encode larger ~117-kDa polypeptides owing to a unique intrinsically disordered domain that mediates BTPC's tight interaction with co-expressed PTPC subunits. This association results in the formation of unusual ~900-kDa Class-2 PEPC hetero-octameric complexes that are desensitized to allosteric effectors. BTPC is a catalytic and regulatory subunit of Class-2 PEPC that is subject to multi-site regulatory phosphorylation in vivo. The interaction between divergent PEPC polypeptides within Class-2 PEPCs adds another layer of complexity to the evolution, physiological functions and metabolic control of this essential CO2-fixing plant enzyme. The present review summarizes exciting developments concerning the functions, post-translational controls and subcellular location of plant PTPC and BTPC isoenzymes.
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Geigenberger P. Regulation of starch biosynthesis in response to a fluctuating environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:1566-77. [PMID: 21378102 PMCID: PMC3091114 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.170399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Geigenberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Biology I, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A, Osorio S, Usadel B, Fuentes D, Nagy R, Balbo I, Lehmann M, Studart-Witkowski C, Tohge T, Martinoia E, Jordana X, DaMatta FM, Fernie AR. Antisense inhibition of the iron-sulphur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase enhances photosynthesis and growth in tomato via an organic acid-mediated effect on stomatal aperture. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:600-27. [PMID: 21307286 PMCID: PMC3077794 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing a fragment of the Sl SDH2-2 gene encoding the iron sulfur subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase protein complex in the antisense orientation under the control of the 35S promoter exhibit an enhanced rate of photosynthesis. The rate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was reduced in these transformants, and there were changes in the levels of metabolites associated with the TCA cycle. Furthermore, in comparison to wild-type plants, carbon dioxide assimilation was enhanced by up to 25% in the transgenic plants under ambient conditions, and mature plants were characterized by an increased biomass. Analysis of additional photosynthetic parameters revealed that the rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance were markedly elevated in the transgenic plants. The transformants displayed a strongly enhanced assimilation rate under both ambient and suboptimal environmental conditions, as well as an elevated maximal stomatal aperture. By contrast, when the Sl SDH2-2 gene was repressed by antisense RNA in a guard cell-specific manner, changes in neither stomatal aperture nor photosynthesis were observed. The data obtained are discussed in the context of the role of TCA cycle intermediates both generally with respect to photosynthetic metabolism and specifically with respect to their role in the regulation of stomatal aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L. Araújo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Daniela Fuentes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Réka Nagy
- University of Zurich, Institute of Plant Biology, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilse Balbo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- University of Zurich, Institute of Plant Biology, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Jordana
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fábio M. DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
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Centeno DC, Osorio S, Nunes-Nesi A, Bertolo AL, Carneiro RT, Araújo WL, Steinhauser MC, Michalska J, Rohrmann J, Geigenberger P, Oliver SN, Stitt M, Carrari F, Rose JK, Fernie AR. Malate plays a crucial role in starch metabolism, ripening, and soluble solid content of tomato fruit and affects postharvest softening. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:162-84. [PMID: 21239646 PMCID: PMC3051241 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.072231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the organic acid content of a fruit is regarded as one of its most commercially important quality traits when assessed by the consumer, relatively little is known concerning the physiological importance of organic acid metabolism for the fruit itself. Here, we evaluate the effect of modifying malate metabolism in a fruit-specific manner, by reduction of the activities of either mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase or fumarase, via targeted antisense approaches in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). While these genetic perturbations had relatively little effect on the total fruit yield, they had dramatic consequences for fruit metabolism, as well as unanticipated changes in postharvest shelf life and susceptibility to bacterial infection. Detailed characterization suggested that the rate of ripening was essentially unaltered but that lines containing higher malate were characterized by lower levels of transitory starch and a lower soluble sugars content at harvest, whereas those with lower malate contained higher levels of these carbohydrates. Analysis of the activation state of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase revealed that it correlated with the accumulation of transitory starch. Taken together with the altered activation state of the plastidial malate dehydrogenase and the modified pigment biosynthesis of the transgenic lines, these results suggest that the phenotypes are due to an altered cellular redox status. The combined data reveal the importance of malate metabolism in tomato fruit metabolism and development and confirm the importance of transitory starch in the determination of agronomic yield in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo C. Centeno
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ana L.F. Bertolo
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | | | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Justyna Michalska
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Johannes Rohrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie I, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sandra N. Oliver
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agrícola, B1712WAA Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jocelyn K.C. Rose
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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Szal B, Jastrzębska A, Kulka M, Leśniak K, Podgórska A, Pärnik T, Ivanova H, Keerberg O, Gardeström P, Rychter AM. Influence of mitochondrial genome rearrangement on cucumber leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism. PLANTA 2010; 232:1371-82. [PMID: 20830597 PMCID: PMC2957574 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The MSC16 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mitochondrial mutant was used to study the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbed subcellular redox state on leaf day/night carbon and nitrogen metabolism. We have shown that the mitochondrial dysfunction in MSC16 plants had no effect on photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation, but the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and starch was higher in leaves of MSC16 plants. Impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was associated with the perturbation of mitochondrial TCA cycle manifested, e.g., by lowered decarboxylation rate. Mitochondrial dysfunction in MSC16 plants had different influence on leaf cell metabolism under dark or light conditions. In the dark, when the main mitochondrial function is the energy production, the altered activity of TCA cycle in mutated plants was connected with the accumulation of pyruvate and TCA cycle intermediates (citrate and 2-OG). In the light, when TCA activity is needed for synthesis of carbon skeletons required as the acceptors for NH(4) (+) assimilation, the concentration of pyruvate and TCA intermediates was tightly coupled with nitrate metabolism. Enhanced incorporation of ammonium group into amino acids structures in mutated plants has resulted in decreased concentration of organic acids and accumulation of Glu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Szal
- Institute of Experimental Plant Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Lee CP, Eubel H, Millar AH. Diurnal changes in mitochondrial function reveal daily optimization of light and dark respiratory metabolism in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:2125-39. [PMID: 20601493 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass production by plants is often negatively correlated with respiratory rate, but the value of this rate changes dramatically during diurnal cycles, and hence, biomass is the cumulative result of complex environment-dependent metabolic processes. Mitochondria in photosynthetic plant tissues undertake substantially different metabolic roles during light and dark periods that are dictated by substrate availability and the functional capacity of mitochondria defined by their protein composition. We surveyed the heterogeneity of the mitochondrial proteome and its function during a typical night and day cycle in Arabidopsis shoots. This used a staged, quantitative analysis of the proteome across 10 time points covering 24 h of the life of 3-week-old Arabidopsis shoots grown under 12-h dark and 12-h light conditions. Detailed analysis of enzyme capacities and substrate-dependent respiratory processes of isolated mitochondria were also undertaken during the same time course. Together these data reveal a range of dynamic changes in mitochondrial capacity and uncover day- and night-enhanced protein components. Clear diurnal changes were evident in mitochondrial capacities to drive the TCA cycle and to undertake functions associated with nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, redox poise, and mitochondrial antioxidant defense. These data quantify the nature and nuances of a daily rhythm in Arabidopsis mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pong Lee
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Molecular and Chemical Sciences Building M310 University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Steinhauser MC, Steinhauser D, Koehl K, Carrari F, Gibon Y, Fernie AR, Stitt M. Enzyme activity profiles during fruit development in tomato cultivars and Solanum pennellii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 153:80-98. [PMID: 20335402 PMCID: PMC2862428 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.154336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes interact to generate metabolic networks. The activities of more than 22 enzymes from central metabolism were profiled during the development of fruit of the modern tomato cultivar Solanum lycopersicum 'M82' and its wild relative Solanum pennellii (LA0716). In S. pennellii, the mature fruit remains green and contains lower sugar and higher organic acid levels. These genotypes are the parents of a widely used near introgression line population. Enzymes were also profiled in a second cultivar, S. lycopersicum 'Moneymaker', for which data sets for the developmental changes of metabolites and transcripts are available. Whereas most enzyme activities declined during fruit development in the modern S. lycopersicum cultivars, they remained high or even increased in S. pennellii, especially enzymes required for organic acid synthesis. The enzyme profiles were sufficiently characteristic to allow stages of development and cultivars and the wild species to be distinguished by principal component analysis and clustering. Many enzymes showed coordinated changes during fruit development of a given genotype. Comparison of the correlation matrices revealed a large overlap between the two modern cultivars and considerable overlap with S. pennellii, indicating that despite the very different development responses, some basic modules are retained. Comparison of enzyme activity, metabolite profiles, and transcript profiles in S. lycopersicum 'Moneymaker' revealed remarkably little connectivity between the developmental changes of transcripts and enzymes and even less between enzymes and metabolites. We discuss the concept that the metabolite profile is an emergent property that is generated by complex network interactions.
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