1
|
Sako K, Nagashima R, Tamoi M, Seki M. Exogenous ethanol treatment alleviates oxidative damage of Arabidopsis thaliana under conditions of high-light stress. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2021; 38:339-344. [PMID: 34782821 PMCID: PMC8562572 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as high light and salinity, are major factors that limit crop productivity and sustainability worldwide. Chemical priming is a promising strategy for improving the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. Recently, we discovered that ethanol enhances high-salinity stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice by detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the effect of ethanol on other abiotic stress responses is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ethanol on the high-light stress response. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that ethanol mitigates photoinhibition under high-light stress. Staining with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) showed that the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was inhibited by ethanol under high-light stress conditions in A. thaliana. We found that ethanol increased the gene expressions and enzymatic activities of antioxidative enzymes, including ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE1 (AtAPX1), Catalase (AtCAT1 and AtCAT2). Moreover, the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin contents were upregulated by ethanol treatment during exposure to high-light stress. These results imply that ethanol alleviates oxidative damage from high-light stress in A. thaliana by suppressing ROS accumulation. Our findings support the hypothesis that ethanol improves tolerance to multiple stresses in field-grown crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sako
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Nagashima
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tanabe N, Noshi M, Mori D, Nozawa K, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, bHLH11 functions in the iron-uptake system in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Res 2019; 132:93-105. [PMID: 30417276 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a micronutrient that is essential for plant development and growth. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are a superfamily of transcription factors that are important regulatory components in transcriptional networks in plants. bHLH transcription factors have been divided into subclasses based on their amino acid sequences and domain structures. Among the members of clade IVb (PYE, bHLH121, and bHLH11), the functions of bHLH11 remain unclear. In the present study, we characterized bHLH11 as a negative regulator of Fe homeostasis. bHLH11 expression levels were high in the roots and up-regulated after plants were transferred to Fe sufficient conditions. Although T-DNA knockout mutants of bHLH11 were lethal, dominant negative (DN-) and overexpression (OX-) of bHLH11 plants exhibited sensitivity to Fe deficiency. Furthermore, the expression of FIT, a master regulator of Fe deficiency responses, was suppressed in the transgenic plants. These results suggest that the transcriptional repressor bHLH11 functions as a negative regulator of FIT-dependent Fe uptake and modulates Fe levels in Arabidopsis plants. Salicylic acid (SA) modulates the expression of genes involved in Fe-deficient responses. We found that SA levels were elevated in DN- and OX-bHLH11 plants. The T-DNA insertion mutant sid2-1, which was defective for the production of SA, did not exhibit sensitivity to Fe deficiency; however, the crossed plants of OX-bHLH11 and sid2-1 relieved sensitivity to the Fe deficiency observed in OX-bHLH11 plants. These results suggest that the accumulation of SA is closely related to iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Noshi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nozawa
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Otori K, Tanabe N, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. Sugar Transporter Protein 1 (STP1) contributes to regulation of the genes involved in shoot branching via carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:472-481. [PMID: 30488772 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1550355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that alterations in sugar partitioning affect the expression of genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and responses, including BRANCHED1 (BRC1), resulting in enhanced shoot branching in transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-II in the cytosol (AcF). The exogenous treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with sugars showed the same transcript characteristics, indicating that sugars act as a signal for branching. We also found that the reductions induced in BRC1 expression levels in wild-type plants by the sugar treatments were suppressed in the knockout mutant of sugar transporter 1 (stp1-1). Intracellular sugar contents were similar in stp1-1 and wild-type plants following the sugar treatments, suggesting that STP1 acts as a factor for the regulation of shoot branching depending on extracellular sugar contents. Abbreviations: BRC1: BRABCHED1; FBP/SBPase: fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase; Glc: glucose; HXK: hexokinase; SnRK1.1/AKIN10: SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1.1; Suc: sucrose; SnRK1: sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase; STP: sugar transporter protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Otori
- a Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- a Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- a Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- a Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noshi M, Tanabe N, Okamoto Y, Mori D, Ohme-Takagi M, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. Clade Ib basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, bHLH101, acts as a regulatory component in photo-oxidative stress responses. Plant Sci 2018; 274:101-108. [PMID: 30080593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative damage; however, ROS also acts as signaling molecules. We previously demonstrated that the inducible silencing of thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase Arabidopsis plants (IS-tAPX) accumulated H2O2 in their chloroplasts, resulting in the clarification of ROS-responsive genes. In IS-tAPX plants, the transcript levels of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor bHLH101, which belongs to clade Ib bHLH, were down-regulated. In order to investigate the participation of bHLH101 in chloroplastic H2O2-mediated signaling, we isolated dominant negative expression mutants of bHLH101 (DN-bHLH101). DN-bHLH101 plants showed a significant phenotype that was sensitive to a methylviologen treatment, even under iron-sufficient conditions. Furthermore, the knock out mutant of bHLH101 showed a photo-oxidative sensitive phenotype, indicating that other clade Ib bHLHs do not compensate for the function of bHLH101. Thus, bHLH101 appears to act as a regulatory component in photo-oxidative stress responses. We also found that ferric chelate reductase activity was stronger in IS-tAPX plants than in control plants, suggesting that there is a close relationship between iron metabolism and oxidative stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Noshi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8562, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Otori K, Tanabe N, Maruyama T, Sato S, Yanagisawa S, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. Enhanced photosynthetic capacity increases nitrogen metabolism through the coordinated regulation of carbon and nitrogen assimilation in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Res 2017; 130:909-927. [PMID: 28470336 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity depend on interactions between the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen. The sensing ability of internal carbon and nitrogen metabolites (the C/N balance) enables plants to regulate metabolism and development. In order to investigate the effects of an enhanced photosynthetic capacity on the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen in photosynthetically active tissus (source leaves), we herein generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants (ApFS) that expressed cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase in their chloroplasts. The phenotype of ApFS plants was indistinguishable from that of wild-type plants at the immature stage. However, as plants matured, the growth of ApFS plants was superior to that of wild-type plants. Starch levels were higher in ApFS plants than in wild-type plants at 2 and 5 weeks. Sucrose levels were also higher in ApFS plants than in wild-type plants, but only at 5 weeks. On the other hand, the contents of various free amino acids were lower in ApFS plants than in wild-type plants at 2 weeks, but were similar at 5 weeks. The total C/N ratio was the same in ApFS plants and wild-type plants, whereas nitrite levels increased in parallel with elevations in nitrate reductase activity at 5 weeks in ApFS plants. These results suggest that increases in the contents of photosynthetic intermediates at the early growth stage caused a temporary imbalance in the free-C/free-N ratio and, thus, the feedback inhibition of the expression of genes involved in the Calvin cycle and induction of the expression of those involved in nitrogen metabolism due to supply deficient free amino acids for maintenance of the C/N balance in source leaves of ApFS plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Otori
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Toshiki Maruyama
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase in the cytosol increased the number of lateral shoots and leaves at elevated CO2 levels. These findings suggest that alterations in carbon partitioning affect the development of shoot branching. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-II in the cytosol (AcF). At elevated CO2 levels, the number of lateral shoots was significantly increased in AcF plants. Sucrose and hexose levels were also higher in AcF plants than in wild-type plants. The expression levels of MAX1, MAX4, YUCCA8, YUCCA9, and BRC1, which are involved in auxin or strigolactone biosynthesis and responses, were lower in AcF plants than in wild-type plants. These results suggest that alterations in sugar partitioning affect hormone metabolism and responses, resulting in enhanced shoot branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Otori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shimakawa G, Matsuda Y, Nakajima K, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S, Miyake C. Diverse strategies of O 2 usage for preventing photo-oxidative damage under CO 2 limitation during algal photosynthesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41022. [PMID: 28106164 PMCID: PMC5247695 DOI: 10.1038/srep41022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis produces chemical energy from photon energy in the photosynthetic electron transport and assimilates CO2 using the chemical energy. Thus, CO2 limitation causes an accumulation of excess energy, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can cause oxidative damage to cells. O2 can be used as an alternative energy sink when oxygenic phototrophs are exposed to high light. Here, we examined the responses to CO2 limitation and O2 dependency of two secondary algae, Euglena gracilis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In E. gracilis, approximately half of the relative electron transport rate (ETR) of CO2-saturated photosynthesis was maintained and was uncoupled from photosynthesis under CO2 limitation. The ETR showed biphasic dependencies on O2 at high and low O2 concentrations. Conversely, in P. tricornutum, most relative ETR decreased in parallel with the photosynthetic O2 evolution rate in response to CO2 limitation. Instead, non-photochemical quenching was strongly activated under CO2 limitation in P. tricornutum. The results indicate that these secondary algae adopt different strategies to acclimatize to CO2 limitation, and that both strategies differ from those utilized by cyanobacteria and green algae. We summarize the diversity of strategies for prevention of photo-oxidative damage under CO2 limitation in cyanobacterial and algal photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Research Center for the Development of Intelligent Self-Organized Biomaterials, Research Center for Environmental Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakajima
- Research Center for the Development of Intelligent Self-Organized Biomaterials, Research Center for Environmental Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
In Euglena cells under anaerobic conditions, paramylon, the storage polysaccharide, is promptly degraded and converted to wax esters. The wax esters synthesized are composed of saturated fatty acids and alcohols with chain lengths of 10-18, and the major constituents are myristic acid and myristyl alcohol. Since the anaerobic cells gain ATP through the conversion of paramylon to wax esters, the phenomenon is named "wax ester fermentation". The wax ester fermentation is quite unique in that the end products, i.e. wax esters, have relatively high molecular weights, are insoluble in water, and accumulate in the cells, in contrast to the common fermentation end products such as lactic acid and ethanol.A unique metabolic pathway involved in the wax ester fermentation is the mitochondrial fatty acid synthetic system. In this system, fatty acid are synthesized by the reversal of β-oxidation with an exception that trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase functions instead of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Therefore, acetyl-CoA is directly used as a C2 donor in this fatty acid synthesis, and the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which requires ATP, is not necessary. Consequently, the mitochondrial fatty acid synthetic system makes possible the net gain of ATP through the synthesis of wax esters from paramylon. In addition, acetyl-CoA is provided in the anaerobic cells from pyruvate by the action of a unique enzyme, oxygen sensitive pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, instead of the common pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex.Wax esters produced by anaerobic Euglena are promising biofuels because myristic acid (C14:0) in contrast to other algal produced fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0), has a low freezing point making it suitable as a drop-in jet fuel. To improve wax ester production, the molecular mechanisms by which wax ester fermentation is regulated in response to aerobic and anaerobic conditions have been gradually elucidated by identifying individual genes related to the wax ester fermentation metabolic pathway and by comprehensive gene/protein expression analysis. In addition, expression of the cyanobacterial Calvin cycle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase/sedohepturose-1,7-bisphosphatase, in Euglena provided photosynthesis resulting in increased paramylon accumulation enhancing wax ester production. This chapter will discuss the biochemistry of the wax ester fermentation, recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of the wax ester fermentation and genetic engineering approaches to increase production of wax esters for biofuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inui
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka Prefecture University, 30-7-3 Habikino, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Noshi M, Yamada H, Hatanaka R, Tanabe N, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. Arabidopsis dehydroascorbate reductase 1 and 2 modulate redox states of ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the cytosol in response to photooxidative stress. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:523-533. [PMID: 27852156 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1256759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate and glutathione are indispensable cellular redox buffers and allow plants to acclimate stressful conditions. Arabidopsis contains three functional dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR1-3), which catalyzes the conversion of dehydroascorbate into its reduced form using glutathione as a reductant. We herein attempted to elucidate the physiological role in DHAR1 and DHAR2 in stress responses. The total DHAR activities in DHAR knockout Arabidopsis plants, dhar1 and dhar2, were 22 and 92%, respectively, that in wild-type leaves. Under high light (HL), the levels of total ascorbate and dehydroascorbate were only reduced and increased, respectively, in dhar1. The oxidation of glutathione under HL was significantly inhibited in both dhar1 and dhar2, while glutathione contents were only enhanced in dhar1. The dhar1 showed stronger visible symptoms than the dhar2 under photooxidative stress conditions. Our results demonstrated a pivotal role of DHAR1 in the modulation of cellular redox states under photooxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Noshi
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Risa Hatanaka
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takagi D, Ifuku K, Ikeda KI, Inoue KI, Park P, Tamoi M, Inoue H, Sakamoto K, Saito R, Miyake C. Suppression of Chloroplastic Alkenal/One Oxidoreductase Represses the Carbon Catabolic Pathway in Arabidopsis Leaves during Night. Plant Physiol 2016; 170:2024-39. [PMID: 26884484 PMCID: PMC4825146 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS) possess electrophilic moieties and cause oxidative stress by reacting with cellular components. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a chloroplast-localized alkenal/one oxidoreductase (AtAOR) for the detoxification of lipid-derived RCS, especially α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the physiological importance of AtAOR and analyzed AtAOR (aor) mutants, including a transfer DNA knockout, aor (T-DNA), and RNA interference knockdown, aor (RNAi), lines. We found that both aor mutants showed smaller plant sizes than wild-type plants when they were grown under day/night cycle conditions. To elucidate the cause of the aor mutant phenotype, we analyzed the photosynthetic rate and the respiration rate by gas-exchange analysis. Subsequently, we found that both wild-type and aor (RNAi) plants showed similar CO2 assimilation rates; however, the respiration rate was lower in aor (RNAi) than in wild-type plants. Furthermore, we revealed that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity decreased and starch degradation during the night was suppressed in aor (RNAi). In contrast, the phenotype of aor (RNAi) was rescued when aor (RNAi) plants were grown under constant light conditions. These results indicate that the smaller plant sizes observed in aor mutants grown under day/night cycle conditions were attributable to the decrease in carbon utilization during the night. Here, we propose that the detoxification of lipid-derived RCS by AtAOR in chloroplasts contributes to the protection of dark respiration and supports plant growth during the night.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Ken-Ichi Ikeda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Kanako Ikeda Inoue
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Pyoyun Park
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Hironori Inoue
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ogawa T, Kimura A, Sakuyama H, Tamoi M, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Identification and characterization of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in Euglena gracilis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1069694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Euglena gracilis has the ability to accumulate a storage polysaccharide, a β-1,3-glucan known as paramylon, under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, E. gracilis cells degrade paramylon and synthesize wax esters. Cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) appears to be a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis and position branch point of carbon partitioning between paramylon and wax ester biosynthesis. We herein identified and characterized cytosolic FBPase from E. gracilis. The Km and Vmax values of EgFBPaseIII were 16.5 ± 1.6 μM and 30.4 ± 7.2 μmol min−1 mg protein−1, respectively. The activity of EgFBPaseIII was not regulated by AMP or reversible redox modulation. No significant differences were observed in the production of paramylon in transiently suppressed EgFBPaseIII gene expression cells by RNAi (KD-EgFBPaseIII); nevertheless, FBPase activity was markedly decreased in KD-EgFBPaseIII cells. On the other hand, the growth of KD-EgFBPaseIII cells was slightly higher than that of control cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Ogawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Ayako Kimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Harumi Sakuyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tanaka H, Maruta T, Ogawa T, Tanabe N, Tamoi M, Yoshimura K, Shigeoka S. Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis AtNUDX9 as a GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphohydrolase: its involvement in root growth inhibition in response to ammonium. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:5797-808. [PMID: 26049160 PMCID: PMC4566977 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
GDP-d-mannose (GDP-d-Man) is an important intermediate in ascorbic acid (AsA) synthesis, cell wall synthesis, protein N-glycosylation, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchoring in plants. Thus, the modulation of intracellular levels of GDP-d-Man could be important for maintaining various cellular processes. Here an Arabidopsis GDP-d-Man pyrophosphohydrolase, AtNUDX9 (AtNUDT9; At3g46200), which hydrolysed GDP-d-Man to GMP and mannose 1-phosphate, was identified. The K m and V max values for GDP-d-Man of AtNUDX9 were 376±24 μM and 1.61±0.15 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively. Among various tissues, the expression levels of AtNUDX9 and the total activity of GDP-d-Man pyrophosphohydrolase were the highest in the roots. The GDP-d-Man pyrophosphohydrolase activity was increased in the root of plants grown in the presence of ammonium. No difference was observed in the levels of AsA in the leaf and root tissues of the wild-type and knockout-nudx9 (KO-nudx9) plants, whereas a marked increase in N-glycoprotein levels and enhanced growth were detected in the roots of KO-nudx9 plants in the presence of ammonium. These results suggest that AtNUDX9 is involved in the regulation of GDP-d-Man levels affecting ammonium sensitivity via modulation of protein N-glycosylation in the roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University,1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanabe N, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. The sweet potato RbcS gene (IbRbcS1) promoter confers high-level and green tissue-specific expression of the GUS reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis. Gene 2015; 567:244-50. [PMID: 25958348 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato is an important crop because of its high yield and biomass production. We herein investigated the potential of the promoter activity of a small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RbcS) from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in order to develop the high expression system of exogenous DNA in Arabidopsis. We isolated two different cDNAs (IbRbcS1 and IbRbcS2) encoding RbcS from sweet potato. Their predicted amino acid sequences were well conserved with the mature RbcS protein of other plants. The tissue-specific expression patterns of these two genes revealed that expression of IbRbcS1 was specific to green tissue, whereas that of IbRbcS2 was non-photosynthetic tissues such as roots and tubers. These results suggested that IbRbcS1 was predominantly expressed in the green tissue-specific of sweet potato over IbRbcS2. Therefore, the IbRbcS1 promoter was transformed into Arabidopsis along with β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene. GUS staining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the IbRbcS1 promoter conferred the expression of the GUS reporter gene in green tissue-specific and light-inducible manners. Furthermore, qPCR showed that the expression levels of GUS reporter gene in IbRbcS1 pro:GUS were same as those in CaMV 35S pro:GUS plants. These results suggest that the IbRbcS1 promoter is a potentially strong foreign gene expression system for genetic transformation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maruta T, Miyazaki N, Nosaka R, Tanaka H, Padilla-Chacon D, Otori K, Kimura A, Tanabe N, Yoshimura K, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. A gain-of-function mutation of plastidic invertase alters nuclear gene expression with sucrose treatment partially via GENOMES UNCOUPLED1-mediated signaling. New Phytol 2015; 206:1013-1023. [PMID: 25628228 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plastid gene expression (PGE) is one of the signals that regulate the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) via GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 (GUN1)-dependent retrograde signaling. We recently isolated Arabidopsis sugar-inducible cotyledon yellow-192 (sicy-192), a gain-of-function mutant of plastidic invertase, and showed that following the treatment of this mutant with sucrose, the expression of PhANGs as well as PGE decreased, suggesting that the sicy-192 mutation activates a PGE-evoked and GUN1-mediated retrograde pathway. To clarify the relationship between the sicy-192 mutation, PGE, and GUN1-mediated pathway, plastid and nuclear gene expression in a double mutant of sicy-192 and gun1-101, a null mutant of GUN1 was studied. Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP)-dependent PGE was markedly suppressed in the sicy-192 mutant by the sucrose treatment, but the suppression as well as cotyledon yellow phenotype was not mitigated by GUN1 disruption. Microarray analysis revealed that the altered expression of nuclear genes such as PhANG in the sucrose-treated sicy-192 mutant was largely dependent on GUN1. The present findings demonstrated that the sicy-192 mutation alters nuclear gene expression with sucrose treatment via GUN1, which is possibly followed by inhibiting PEP-dependent PGE, providing a new insight into the role of plastid sugar metabolism in nuclear gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Nozomi Miyazaki
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Ryota Nosaka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Daniel Padilla-Chacon
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kumi Otori
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ayako Kimura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
To clarify the regulatory mechanisms of the Calvin cycle in algae, we analyzed the molecular properties of the enzymes involved in this cycle. We demonstrated that these enzymes were not regulated by redox modulation through the ferredoxin/thioredoxin system under light/dark conditions and were not sensitive to treatments with hydrogen peroxide in vitro, unlike the chloroplastic thiol-modulated enzymes of plants. On the other hand, we found that cyanobacteria possessed a unique enzyme involved in the Calvin cycle. The CP12 protein played an important role in regulating carbon metabolism in the Calvin cycle in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae. This review described the regulatory mechanisms of the Calvin cycle in algae and also the effects of alterations to photosynthetic carbon metabolism on plant productivity, carbon partitioning, and the carbon/nitrogen balance using transgenic plants expressing algal genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tamoi
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kinki University , Nara , Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tanaka H, Maruta T, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Transcriptional control of vitamin C defective 2 and tocopherol cyclase genes by light and plastid-derived signals: the partial involvement of GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1. Plant Sci 2015; 231:20-9. [PMID: 25575988 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous findings have suggested that light and plastid-derived signals are involved in the regulation of biosynthetic pathways for l-ascorbic acid (AsA) and tocopherols (Toc). Photosynthetic electron transport (PET) activity, plastid gene expression (PGE), and the tetrapyrrole metabolism have been identified as signals that regulate nuclear gene expression through the GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 (GUN1) protein. Here, we examined the effects of disrupting GUN1 on these pathways. The expression of vitamin C defective 2 (VTC2) and tocopherol cyclase (TC) genes, which encode key enzymes in the AsA and Toc biosynthetic pathways, respectively, was affected by illumination and darkness in parallel with the levels of both these antioxidants. However, the GUN1 disruption had no effect on these biosynthetic pathways under light-dark conditions. All treatments that inhibited PET, PGE, and the tetrapyrrole metabolism interrupted both biosynthetic pathways; however, this was partially mitigated by the GUN1 disruption. The expression patterns of VTC2 and TC reflected the levels of both antioxidants under most of the conditions examined. Our results suggest that the transcriptional control of VTC2 and TC by light and plastid-derived signals is important for the regulation of the biosynthetic pathways, and that GUN1 is at least partially involved in the plastid-derived signals-dependent regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ogawa T, Tamoi M, Kimura A, Mine A, Sakuyama H, Yoshida E, Maruta T, Suzuki K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Enhancement of photosynthetic capacity in Euglena gracilis by expression of cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase leads to increases in biomass and wax ester production. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:80. [PMID: 26056534 PMCID: PMC4459067 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae have recently been attracting attention as a potential platform for the production of biofuels. Euglena gracilis, a unicellular phytoflagellate, has been proposed as an attractive feedstock to produce biodiesel because it can produce large amounts of wax esters, consisting of medium-chain fatty acids and alcohols with 14:0 carbon chains. E. gracilis cells highly accumulate a storage polysaccharide, a β-1,3-glucan known as paramylon, under aerobic conditions. When grown aerobically and then transferred into anaerobic conditions, E. gracilis cells degrade paramylon to actively synthesize and accumulate wax esters. Thus, the enhanced accumulation of paramylon through the genetic engineering of photosynthesis should increase the capacity for wax ester production. RESULTS We herein generated transgenic Euglena (EpFS) cells expressing the cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (FBP/SBPase), which is involved in the Calvin cycle, to enhance its photosynthetic activity. FBP/SBPase was successfully expressed within Euglena chloroplasts. The cell volume of the EpFS4 cell line was significantly larger than that of wild-type cells under normal growth conditions. The photosynthetic activity of EpFS4 cells was significantly higher than that of wild type under high light and high CO2, resulting in enhanced biomass production, and the accumulation of paramylon was increased in transgenic cell lines than in wild-type cells. Furthermore, when EpFS cell lines grown under high light and high CO2 were placed on anaerobiosis, the productivity of wax esters was approximately 13- to 100-fold higher in EpFS cell lines than in wild-type cells. CONCLUSION Our results obtained here indicate that the efficiency of biomass production in E. gracilis can be improved by genetically modulating photosynthetic capacity, resulting in the enhanced production of wax esters. This is the first step toward the utilization of E. gracilis as a sustainable source for biofuel production under photoautotrophic cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Ogawa
- />Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- />Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
| | - Ayako Kimura
- />Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
| | - Ayaka Mine
- />Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
| | - Harumi Sakuyama
- />Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
| | - Eriko Yoshida
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
- />euglena Co., Ltd., 31F Iidabashi First Tower, 2-6-1 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0004 Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
- />Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504 Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
- />euglena Co., Ltd., 31F Iidabashi First Tower, 2-6-1 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0004 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
- />Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504 Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- />Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
- />Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kamachi S, Hirabayashi K, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S, Tada T, Wada K. Crystal structure of the catalase-peroxidase KatG W78F mutant from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 in complex with the antitubercular pro-drug isoniazid. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:131-7. [PMID: 25479089 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) is a pro-drug that has been extensively used to treat tuberculosis. INH is activated by the heme enzyme catalase-peroxidase (KatG), but the mechanism of the activation is poorly understood, in part because the INH binding site has not been clearly established. Here, we observed that a single-residue mutation of KatG from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 (SeKatG), W78F, enhances INH activation. The crystal structure of INH-bound KatG-W78F revealed that INH binds to the heme pocket. The results of a thermal-shift assay implied that the flexibility of the SeKatG molecule is increased by the W78F mutation, allowing the INH molecule to easily invade the heme pocket through the access channel on the γ-edge side of the heme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kamachi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kei Hirabayashi
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiji Tada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Kei Wada
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kamachi S, Hirabayashi K, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S, Tada T, Wada K. The crystal structure of isoniazid-bound KatG catalase-peroxidase from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. FEBS J 2014; 282:54-64. [PMID: 25303560 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) is one of the most effective antibiotics against tuberculosis. INH is a prodrug that is activated by KatG. Although extensive studies have been performed in order to understand the mechanism of KatG, even the binding site of INH in KatG remains controversial. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of KatG from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 (SeKatG) in a complex with INH at 2.12-Å resolution. Three INH molecules were bound to the molecular surface. One INH molecule was bound at the entrance to the ε-edge side of heme (designated site 1), another was bound at the entrance to the γ-edge side of heme (site 2), and another was bound to the loop structures in front of the heme propionate side chain (site 3). All of the interactions between KatG and the bound INH seemed to be weak, being mediated mainly by van der Waals contacts. Structural comparisons revealed that the identity and configuration of the residues in site 1 were very similar among SeKatG, Burkholderia pseudomallei KatG, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG. In contrast, sites 2 and 3 were structurally diverse among the three proteins. Thus, site 1 is probably the common KatG INH-binding site. A static enzymatic analysis and thermal shift assay suggested that the INH-activating reaction does not proceed in site 1, but rather that this site may function as an initial trapping site for the INH molecule. Database: The atomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the accession number 3WXO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kamachi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hayashi R, Shimakawa G, Shaku K, Shimizu S, Akimoto S, Yamamoto H, Amako K, Sugimoto T, Tamoi M, Makino A, Miyake C. O2-dependent large electron flow functioned as an electron sink, replacing the steady-state electron flux in photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, but not in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:384-93. [PMID: 25036824 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.882745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether alternative electron flow (AEF) can replace the photosynthetic electron flow in cyanobacteria, we used an open O2-electrode system to monitor O2-exchange over a long period. In air-grown Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S. 6803(WT)), the quantum yield of PSII, Y(II), held even after photosynthesis was suppressed by CO2 shortage. The S. 6803 mutant, deficient in flavodiiron (FLV) proteins 1 and 3, showed the same phenotype as S. 6803(WT). In contrast, Y(II) decreased in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 (S. 7942). These results suggest that AEF functioned as the Y(II) in S. 6803 and replaced the photosynthetic electron flux. In contrast, the activity of AEF in S. 7942 was lower. The affinity of AEF for O2 in S. 6803 did not correspond to those of FLVs in bacteria or terminal oxidases in respiration. AEF might be driven by photorespiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hayashi
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maruta T, Noshi M, Nakamura M, Matsuda S, Tamoi M, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase 1 is essential for expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes and anthocyanin accumulation under photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2014; 219-220:61-8. [PMID: 24576765 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important for preventing photoinhibition and photodamage. By comprehensive reverse genetic analysis of chloroplast-produced H2O2-responsive genes, we isolated here an anthocyanin-deficient mutant under photooxidative stress, which lacked ferulate 5-hydroxylase 1 (FAH1) involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Interestingly, the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes was also inhibited in this mutant. These findings suggest that FAH1 is essential for expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes and anthocyanin accumulation under photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we found that estrogen-inducible silencing of thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase, which is a major H2O2-scavenging enzyme in chloroplasts, enhances the expression of FAH1 and anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated genes and accumulation of anthocyanin without any application of stress. Thus, it is likely that chloroplastic H2O2 activates FAH1 expression to induce anthocyanin accumulation for protecting cells from photooxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Masahiro Noshi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Maki Nakamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shun Matsuda
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kamachi S, Wada K, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S, Tada T. The 2.2 Å resolution structure of the catalase-peroxidase KatG from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:288-93. [PMID: 24598912 PMCID: PMC3944687 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14002052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of catalase-peroxidase from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 (SeKatG) was solved by molecular replacement and refined to an Rwork of 16.8% and an Rfree of 20.6% at 2.2 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit consisted of only one subunit of the catalase-peroxidase molecule, including a protoporphyrin IX haem moiety and two sodium ions. A typical KatG covalent adduct was formed, Met248-Tyr222-Trp94, which is a key structural element for catalase activity. The crystallographic equivalent subunit was created by a twofold symmetry operation to form the functional dimer. The overall structure of the dimer was quite similar to other KatGs. One sodium ion was located close to the proximal Trp314. The location and configuration of the proximal cation site were very similar to those of typical peroxidases such as ascorbate peroxidase. These features may provide a structural basis for the behaviour of the radical localization/delocalization during the course of the enzymatic reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kamachi
- School of Graduate Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kei Wada
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiji Tada
- School of Graduate Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yabuta Y, Tanaka H, Yoshimura S, Suzuki A, Tamoi M, Maruta T, Shigeoka S. Improvement of vitamin E quality and quantity in tobacco and lettuce by chloroplast genetic engineering. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:391-402. [PMID: 22990376 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E (tocopherol: Toc) is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant synthesized in chloroplasts. Among the 8 isoforms of vitamin E, α-Toc has the highest activity in humans. To generate transgenic plants with enhanced vitamin E activity, we applied a chloroplast transformation technique. Three types of the transplastomic tobacco plants (pTTC, pTTMT and pTTC-TMT) carrying the Toc cyclase (TC) or γ-Toc methyltransferase (γ-TMT) gene and the TC plus γ-TMT genes as an operon in the plastid genome, respectively, were generated. There was a significant increase in total levels of Toc due to an increase in γ-Toc in the pTTC plants. Compared to the wild-type plants, Toc composition was altered in the pTTMT plants. In the pTTC-TMT plants, total Toc levels increased and α-Toc was a major Toc isoform. Furthermore, to use chloroplast transformation to produce α-Toc-rich vegetable, TC-overexpressing transplastomic lettuce plants (pLTC) were generated. Total Toc levels and vitamin E activity increased in the pLTC plants compared with the wild-type lettuce plants. These findings indicated that chloroplast genetic engineering is useful to improve vitamin E quality and quantity in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Yabuta
- School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maruta T, Inoue T, Noshi M, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 protects organelles against oxidative stress by wounding- and jasmonate-induced H2O2 in Arabidopsis plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1901-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
25
|
Gaber A, Ogata T, Maruta T, Yoshimura K, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. The involvement of Arabidopsis glutathione peroxidase 8 in the suppression of oxidative damage in the nucleus and cytosol. Plant Cell Physiol 2012; 53:1596-606. [PMID: 22773682 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A family of eight genes with homology to mammalian glutathione peroxidase (GPX) isoenzymes, designated AtGPX1-AtGPX8, has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study we demonstrated the functional analysis of Arabidopsis AtGPX8 with peroxidase activity toward H(2)O(2) and lipid hydroperoxides using thioredoxin as an electron donor. The transcript and protein levels of AtGPX8 in Arabidopsis were up-regulated coordinately in response to oxidative damage caused by high-light (HL) stress or treatment with paraquat (PQ). Furthermore, the knockout Arabidopsis mutants of AtGPX8 (KO-gpx8) exhibited increased sensitivity to oxidative damage caused by PQ treatment in root elongation compared with the wild-type plants. In contrast, transgenic lines overexpressing AtGPX8 (Ox-AtGPX8) were less sensitive to oxidative damage than the wild-type plants. The levels of oxidized proteins in the KO-gpx8 and Ox-AtGPX8 lines were enhanced and suppressed, respectively, compared with the wild-type plants under HL stress or PQ treatment. The fusion protein of AtGPX8 tagged with green fluorescent protein was localized in the cytosol and nucleus of onion epidermal cells. In addition, the AtGPX8 protein was detected in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions prepared from leaves of Arabidopsis plants using the AtGPX8 antibody. Oxidative DNA damage under treatment with PQ increased in the wild-type and KO-gpx8 plants, while it decreased in the OX-AtGPX8 plants. These results suggest that AtGPX8 plays an important role in the protection of cellular components including nuclear DNA against oxidative stress.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine
- Arabidopsis/drug effects
- Arabidopsis/enzymology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/radiation effects
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Nucleus/enzymology
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/enzymology
- Cytosol/radiation effects
- DNA Damage
- Deoxyguanosine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxyguanosine/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Light
- Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
- Oxidation-Reduction/radiation effects
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/radiation effects
- Paraquat/toxicity
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/radiation effects
- Subcellular Fractions/drug effects
- Subcellular Fractions/metabolism
- Subcellular Fractions/radiation effects
- Substrate Specificity/drug effects
- Substrate Specificity/radiation effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maruta T, Yoshimoto T, Ito D, Ogawa T, Tamoi M, Yoshimura K, Shigeoka S. An Arabidopsis FAD pyrophosphohydrolase, AtNUDX23, is involved in flavin homeostasis. Plant Cell Physiol 2012; 53:1106-16. [PMID: 22505691 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although flavins, riboflavin (RF), FMN and FAD, are essential for primary and secondary metabolism in plants, the metabolic regulation of flavins is still largely unknown. Recently, we found that an Arabidopsis Nudix hydrolase, AtNUDX23, has FAD pyrophosphohydrolase activity and is distributed in plastids. Levels of RF and FAD but not FMN in Arabidopsis leaves significantly increased under continuous light and decreased in the dark. The transcript levels of AtNUDX23 as well as genes involved in flavin metabolism (AtFADS, AtRibF1, AtRibF2, AtFMN/FHy, LS and AtRibA) significantly increased under continuous light. The pyrophosphohydrolase activity toward FAD was enhanced in AtNUDX23-overexpressing (OX-NUDX23) plants and reduced in AtNUDX23-suppressed (KD-nudx23) plants, compared with the control plants. Interestingly intracellular levels of RF, FMN and FAD significantly decreased in not only OX-NUDX23 but also KD-nudx23 plants. The transcript levels of the flavin metabolic genes also decreased in both plants. Similarly, the increase in intracellular levels on treatment with flavins caused a reduction in the transcript levels of genes involved in flavin metabolism. These results suggest that negative feedback regulation of the metabolism of flavins through the hydrolysis of FAD by AtNUDX23 in plastids is involved in flavin homeostasis in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Matsumura H, Kai A, Maeda T, Tamoi M, Satoh A, Tamura H, Hirose M, Ogawa T, Kizu N, Wadano A, Inoue T, Shigeoka S. Structure basis for the regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity via the intrinsically disordered protein CP12. Structure 2012; 19:1846-54. [PMID: 22153507 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reversible formation of a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-CP12-phosphoribulokinase (PRK) supramolecular complex, identified in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, provides light-dependent Calvin cycle regulation in a coordinated manner. An intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) CP12 acts as a linker to sequentially bind GAPDH and PRK to downregulate both enzymes. Here, we report the crystal structures of the ternary GAPDH-CP12-NAD and binary GAPDH-NAD complexes from Synechococcus elongates. The GAPDH-CP12 complex structure reveals that the oxidized CP12 becomes partially structured upon GAPDH binding. The C-terminus of CP12 is inserted into the active-site region of GAPDH, resulting in competitive inhibition of GAPDH. This study also provides insight into how the GAPDH-CP12 complex is dissociated by a high NADP(H)/NAD(H) ratio. An unexpected increase in negative charge potential that emerged upon CP12 binding highlights the biological function of CP12 in the sequential assembly of the supramolecular complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maruta T, Noshi M, Tanouchi A, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. H2O2-triggered retrograde signaling from chloroplasts to nucleus plays specific role in response to stress. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11717-29. [PMID: 22334687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules for regulating plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress and that there exist source- and kind-specific pathways for ROS signaling. In plant cells, a major source of ROS is chloroplasts, in which thylakoid membrane-bound ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX) plays a role in the regulation of H(2)O(2) levels. Here, to clarify the signaling function of H(2)O(2) derived from the chloroplast, we created a conditional system for producing H(2)O(2) in the organelle by chemical-dependent tAPX silencing using estrogen-inducible RNAi. When the expression of tAPX was silenced in leaves, levels of oxidized protein in chloroplasts increased in the absence of stress. Microarray analysis revealed that tAPX silencing affects the expression of a large set of genes, some of which are involved in the response to chilling and pathogens. In response to tAPX silencing, the transcript levels of C-repeat/DRE binding factor (CBF1), a central regulator for cold acclimation, was suppressed, resulting in a high sensitivity of tAPX-silenced plants to cold. Furthermore, tAPX silencing enhanced the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and the response to SA. Interestingly, we found that tAPX silencing-responsive genes were up- or down-regulated by high light (HL) and that tAPX silencing had a negative effect on expression of ROS-responsive genes under HL, suggesting synergistic and antagonistic roles of chloroplastic H(2)O(2) in HL response. These findings provide a new insight into the role of H(2)O(2)-triggered retrograde signaling from chloroplasts in the response to stress in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yabuta Y, Osada R, Morishita T, Nishizawa-Yokoi A, Tamoi M, Maruta T, Shigeoka S. Involvement of Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor in the regulation of 20S and 26S proteasomes. Plant Sci 2011; 181:421-427. [PMID: 21889048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the transcript levels of 13 proteasome subunit genes, the protein levels of proteasomes, and the activities of the 26S proteasome in ANAC078-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants (Ox-ANAC078) and knockout ANAC078 (KO-ANAC078) mutants. The transcript levels and the protein levels of proteasomes were increased in the Ox-ANAC078 plants compared with the wild-type plants and KO-ANAC078 mutants under normal conditions and high-light (HL) stress. Although the activities of the 26S proteasome were decreased in all the plants under HL stress, they were higher in the Ox-ANAC078 plants than wild-type plants and KO-ANAC078 mutants under normal conditions and HL stress. These findings suggest that ANAC078 regulates the levels of proteasomes. To explore the function of the increased levels of proteasomes to HL stress, we assessed the tolerance to HL stress of the Ox-ANAC078 plants and KO-ANAC078 mutants. The photosystem II activities of Ox-ANAC078 remained high compared with those of the wild-type plants and KO-ANAC078 mutants under HL stress, suggesting that ANAC078 may play an important role in the response and adaptation to HL stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Yabuta
- School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Matsumura H, Kai A, Maeda T, Tamoi M, Hirose M, Kizu N, Wadano A, Inoue T, Shigeoka S. Structural basis for the sequential assembly of photosynthetic multienzyme complex. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311096425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
31
|
Tanaka S, Ikeda K, Miyasaka H, Shioi Y, Suzuki Y, Tamoi M, Takeda T, Shigeoka S, Harada K, Hirata K. Comparison of three Chlamydomonas strains which show distinctive oxidative stress tolerance. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 112:462-8. [PMID: 21839677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methyl viologen (MV) causes severe oxidative stress by generating superoxide in the photosystem. The marine Chlamydomonas strain W80 is highly tolerant to MV (inhibitory concentration 50% [IC₅₀]=110 μM), and another marine Chlamydomonas strain HS5 shows also relatively a high tolerance (IC₅₀=12 μM). These two marine strains and a freshwater Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which is highly sensitive to MV (IC₅₀=0.03 μM), were compared with respect to their reactive oxygen species (ROS) eliminating enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase), intracellular free amino acids, and antioxidant activities of the cell extracts. The marked difference between the marine Chlamydomonas strains and C. reinhardtii is the much higher (more than 5 fold) ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in the marine strains. The marine strains also kept the high APX activities (more than 100% of non-stressed condition) under the MV stressed condition, while the APX activity in C. reinhardtii was significantly decreased (36% of non-stressed condition) under the stressed condition, indicating that APX activity potentially contributes to the oxidative stress tolerance in Chlamydomonas. In addition, the levels of intracellular free proline, which is supposed to ameliorate oxidative stress, were several tens of times higher in the marine Chlamydomonas strains than in C. reinhardtii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanaka
- The Kansai Electric Power Co., Environmental Research Center, Keihanna-Plaza, Hikaridai 1-7, Seikacho, Sourakugun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lim S, Ashida H, Watanabe R, Inai K, Kim YS, Mukougawa K, Fukuda H, Tomizawa KI, Ushiyama KI, Asao H, Tamoi M, Masutani H, Shigeoka S, Yodoi J, Yokota A. Production of biologically active human thioredoxin 1 protein in lettuce chloroplasts. Plant Mol Biol 2011; 76:335-44. [PMID: 21290168 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The production of human therapeutic proteins in plants provides opportunities for low-cost production, and minimizes the risk of contamination from potential human pathogens. Chloroplast genetic engineering is a particularly promising strategy, because plant chloroplasts can produce large amounts of foreign target proteins. Oxidative stress is a key factor in various human diseases. Human thioredoxin 1 (hTrx1) is a stress-induced protein that functions as an antioxidant against oxidative stress, and overexpression of hTrx1 has been shown to suppress various diseases in mice. Therefore, hTrx1 is a prospective candidate as a new human therapeutic protein. We created transplastomic lettuce expressing hTrx1 under the control of the psbA promoter. Transplastomic plants grew normally and were fertile. The hTrx1 protein accumulated to approximately 1% of total soluble protein in mature leaves. The hTrx1 protein purified from lettuce leaves was functionally active, and reduced insulin disulfides. The purified protein protected mouse insulinoma line 6 cells from damage by hydrogen peroxide, as reported previously for a recombinant hTrx1 expressed in Escherichia coli. This is the first report of expression of the biologically active hTrx1 protein in plant chloroplasts. This research opens up possibilities for plant-based production of hTrx1. Considering that this expression host is an edible crop plant, this transplastomic lettuce may be suitable for oral delivery of hTrx1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Lim
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nishizawa-Yokoi A, Nosaka R, Hayashi H, Tainaka H, Maruta T, Tamoi M, Ikeda M, Ohme-Takagi M, Yoshimura K, Yabuta Y, Shigeoka S. HsfA1d and HsfA1e involved in the transcriptional regulation of HsfA2 function as key regulators for the Hsf signaling network in response to environmental stress. Plant Cell Physiol 2011; 52:933-45. [PMID: 21471117 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factor A2 (HsfA2) acts as a key component of the Hsf signaling network involved in cellular responses to various types of environmental stress. However, the mechanism governing the regulation of HsfA2 expression is still largely unknown. We demonstrated here that a heat shock element (HSE) cluster in the 5'-flanking region of the HsfA2 gene is involved in high light (HL)-inducible HsfA2 expression. Accordingly, to identify the Hsf regulating the expression of HsfA2, we analyzed the effect of loss-of-function mutations of class A Hsfs on the expression of HsfA2 in response to HL stress. Overexpression of an HsfA1d or HsfA1e chimeric repressor and double knockout of HsfA1d and HsfA1e Arabidopsis mutants (KO-HsfA1d/A1e) significantly suppressed the induction of HsfA2 expression in response to HL and heat shock (HS) stress. Transient reporter assays showed that HsfA1d and HsfA1e activate HsfA2 transcription through the HSEs in the 5'-flanking region of HsfA2. In the KO-HsfA1d/A1e mutants, 560 genes, including a number of stress-related genes and several Hsf genes, HsfA7a, HsfA7b, HsfB1 and HsfB2a, were down-regulated compared with those in the wild-type plants under HL stress. The PSII activity of KO-HsfA1d/A1e mutants decreased under HL stress, while the activity of wild-type plants remained high. Furthermore, double knockout of HsfA1d and HsfA1e impaired tolerance to HS stress. These findings indicated that HsfA1d and HsfA1e not only regulate HsfA2 expression but also function as key regulators of the Hsf signaling network in response to environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nishizawa-Yokoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tamoi M, Hiramatsu Y, Nedachi S, Otori K, Tanabe N, Maruta T, Shigeoka S. Increase in the activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in cytosol affects sugar partitioning and increases the lateral shoots in tobacco plants at elevated CO2 levels. Photosynth Res 2011; 108:15-23. [PMID: 21400200 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We generated transgenic tobacco plants with high levels of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase expressing cyanobacterialfructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase in the cytosol. At ambient CO(2) levels (360 ppm), growth, photosynthetic activity, and fresh weight were unchanged but the sucrose/hexose/starch ratio was slightly altered in the transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants. At elevated CO(2) levels (1200 ppm), lateral shoot, leaf number, and fresh weight were significantly increased in the transgenic plants. Photosynthetic activity was also increased. Hexose accumulated in the upper leaves in the wild-type plants, while sucrose and starch accumulated in the lower leaves and lateral shoots in the transgenic plants. These findings suggest that cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase contributes to the efficient conversion of hexose into sucrose, and that the change in carbon partitioning affects photosynthetic capacity and morphogenesis at elevated CO(2) levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Maruta T, Inoue T, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Arabidopsis NADPH oxidases, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, are essential for jasmonic acid-induced expression of genes regulated by MYC2 transcription factor. Plant Sci 2011; 180:655-60. [PMID: 21421415 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To clarify genetically the involvement of two Arabidopsis NADPH oxidases (AtrbohD and AtrbohF) in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, we characterized single knockout mutants lacking either Atrboh. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of the genes regulated by MYC2, a transcription factor involved in the JA-evoked response, were significantly suppressed by treatment with methyl JA (MeJA) in both mutants. Further experiments using knockout mutants lacking CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1 (COI1), a master regulator of the JA-evoked response, and MYC2 indicated a possibility that the production of ROS via Atrbohs depends on the function of COI1, but not MYC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ichikawa Y, Tamoi M, Sakuyama H, Maruta T, Ashida H, Yokota A, Shigeoka S. Generation of transplastomic lettuce with enhanced growth and high yield. GM Crops 2010; 1:322-6. [PMID: 21844689 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.1.5.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We generated transplastomic lettuce plants expressing cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (FBP/SBPase) in chloroplasts. Their photosynthetic capacity and productivity were increased 1.3-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, compared with control plants transformed with pRL200, indicating that the introduction of the enzyme affects the photosynthetic capacity and growth of lettuce plants at ambient CO(2) levels (360 ppm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaka Ichikawa
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maruta T, Otori K, Tabuchi T, Tanabe N, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. New insights into the regulation of greening and carbon-nitrogen balance by sugar metabolism through a plastidic invertase. Plant Signal Behav 2010; 5:1131-3. [PMID: 20930525 PMCID: PMC3115085 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.9.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the photosynthetic apparatus of plants contains a massive amount of nitrogen, the regulation of its development by sugar signals is important to the maintenance of the carbon-nitrogen balance. Recently, we isolated a new Arabidopsis mutant, sicy (sugar-inducible cotyledon yellow)-192, whose cotyledons were prevented from greening by treatment with sucrose. On treatment with sucrose, the expression of photosynthesis- and nitrogen assimilation-related genes was respectively weaker and stronger in the mutant seedlings than the wild-type seedlings. In the mutants, the gene encoding plastidic alkaline/neutral (A/N) invertase (INV-E) was point-mutated at codon 294, with Tyr substituted for Cys (C294Y). These findings provide new insights into the regulation of greening and carbon-nitrogen balance by sugar metabolism through INV-E in plastids. In this addendum, we describe the phenotypes of sicy-192 on treatment with sucrose in more detail, and propose a possible relationship among sugar metabolism through INV-E, plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, and ethylene, a plant hormone, in the regulation of plant development and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST); Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Kumi Otori
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST); Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tabuchi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST); Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST); Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST); Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Advanced Bioscience; Faculty of Agriculture; Kinki University; Nakamachi, Nara Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST); Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Advanced Bioscience; Faculty of Agriculture; Kinki University; Nakamachi, Nara Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maruta T, Ichikawa Y, Mieda T, Takeda T, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. The contribution of Arabidopsis homologs of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase to the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:1494-7. [PMID: 20622436 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the involvement of seven Arabidopsis homologs of rat L-gulono-1,4-lactone (L-GulL) oxidase, AtGulLOs, in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), transgenic tobacco cells overexpressing the various AtGulLOs were generated. Under treatment with L-GulL, the levels of total AsA in three transgenic tobacco cell lines, overexpressing AtGulLO2, 3, or 5, were significantly increased as compared with those in control cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ishikawa K, Yoshimura K, Harada K, Fukusaki E, Ogawa T, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. AtNUDX6, an ADP-ribose/NADH pyrophosphohydrolase in Arabidopsis, positively regulates NPR1-dependent salicylic acid signaling. Plant Physiol 2010; 152:2000-12. [PMID: 20181750 PMCID: PMC2850003 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.153569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the physiological role of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtNUDX6, the gene encoding ADP-ribose (Rib)/NADH pyrophosphohydrolase, using its overexpressor (Pro35S:AtNUDX6) or disruptant (KO-nudx6). The level of NADH in Pro35S:AtNUDX6 and KO-nudx6 plants was decreased and increased, respectively, compared with that of the control plants, while the level of ADP-Rib was not changed in either plant. The activity of pyrophosphohydrolase toward NADH was enhanced and reduced in the Pro35S:AtNUDX6 and KO-nudx6 plants, respectively. The decrease in the activity of NADH pyrophosphohydrolase and the increase in the level of NADH were observed in the rosette and cauline leaves, but not in the roots, of the KO-nudx6 plants. Notably, the expression level of AtNUDX6 and the activity of NADH pyrophosphohydrolase in the control plants, but not in the KO-nudx6 plants, were increased by the treatment with salicylic acid (SA). The expression of SA-induced genes (PR1, WRKY70, NIMIN1, and NIMIN2) depending on NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1), a key component required for pathogen resistance, was significantly suppressed and enhanced in the KO-nudx6 and Pro35S:AtNUDX6 plants, respectively, under the treatment with SA. Induction of thioredoxin h5 (TRX-h5) expression, which catalyzes a SA-induced NPR1 activation, was suppressed and accelerated in the KO-nudx6 and Pro35S:AtNUDX6 plants, respectively. The expression of isochorismate synthase1, required for the regulation of SA synthesis through the NPR1-mediated feedback loop, was decreased and increased in the KO-nudx6 and Pro35S:AtNUDX6 plants, respectively. Judging from seed germination rates, the KO-nudx6 plants had enhanced sensitivity to the toxicity of high-level SA. These results indicated that AtNUDX6 is a modulator of NADH rather than ADP-Rib metabolism and that, through induction of TRX-h5 expression, AtNUDX6 significantly impacts the plant immune response as a positive regulator of NPR1-dependent SA signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 631–8505, Japan (K.I., T.O., M.T., S.S.); Department of Food and Nutritional Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Aichi 487–8501, Japan (K.Y.); and Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565–0871, Japan (K.H., E.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tamoi M, Tabuchi T, Demuratani M, Otori K, Tanabe N, Maruta T, Shigeoka S. Point mutation of a plastidic invertase inhibits development of the photosynthetic apparatus and enhances nitrate assimilation in sugar-treated Arabidopsis seedlings. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15399-15407. [PMID: 20304912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.055111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the photosynthetic apparatus contains a massive amount of nitrogen in plants, the regulation of its development by sugar signals is important to the maintenance of the carbon-nitrogen balance. In this study we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant (sicy-192) whose cotyledon greening was inhibited by treatments with sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose. In the mutant, the gene encoding plastidic alkaline/neutral invertase (INV-E) was point-mutated at codon 294, with Tyr substituted for Cys (C294Y). Interestingly, the greening of cotyledons in the knock-out INV-E lines was not inhibited by treatment with the sugars. In addition, the knock-out INV-E lines expressing an INV-E:C294Y or INV-E:C294A gene had the same phenotype as sicy-192 mutants, whereas the lines expressing a wild-type INV-E gene had the same phenotype as wild-type plants. A recombinant INV-E:C294Y protein had the same enzymatic activity as a recombinant INV-E protein, suggesting that the Cys-294 residue of INV-E is important for its functions in the chloroplasts. On treatment with sucrose, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes was weaker in seedlings of mutant plants than wild-type seedlings, whereas the activity of nitrate reductase was stronger in the mutant plants than wild-type plants. These findings suggest that Cys-294 of INV-E is associated with the development of the photosynthetic apparatus and the assimilation of nitrogen in Arabidopsis seedlings to control the ratio of sucrose content to hexose content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tabuchi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masayo Demuratani
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Kumi Otori
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Maruta T, Tanouchi A, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Arabidopsis chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes play a dual role in photoprotection and gene regulation under photooxidative stress. Plant Cell Physiol 2010; 51:190-200. [PMID: 20007290 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Though two types of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase (APX) located in the thylakoid membrane (tAPX) and stroma (sAPX) have been thought to be key regulators of intracellular levels of H(2)O(2), their physiological significance in the response to photooxidative stress is still under discussion. Here we characterized single mutants lacking either tAPX (KO-tAPX) or sAPX (KO-sAPX). Under exposure to high light or treatment with methylviologen under light, H(2)O(2) and oxidized proteins accumulated to higher levels in both mutant plants than in the wild-type plants. On the other hand, the absence of sAPX and tAPX drastically suppressed the expression of H(2)O(2)-responsive genes under photooxidative stress. Interestingly, the most marked effect of photooxidative stress on the accumulation of H(2)O(2) and oxidized protein and gene expression was observed in the KO-tAPX plants rather than the KO-sAPX plants. The present findings suggest that both chloroplastic APXs, but particularly tAPX, are important for photoprotection and gene regulation under photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nishizawa-Yokoi A, Tainaka H, Yoshida E, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Shigeoka S. The 26S Proteasome Function and Hsp90 Activity Involved in the Regulation of HsfA2 Expression in Response to Oxidative Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:486-96. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
43
|
Mano J, Miyatake F, Hiraoka E, Tamoi M. Evaluation of the toxicity of stress-related aldehydes to photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Planta 2009; 230:639-48. [PMID: 19578873 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes produced under various environmental stresses can cause cellular injury in plants, but their toxicology in photosynthesis has been scarcely investigated. We here evaluated their effects on photosynthetic reactions in chloroplasts isolated from Spinacia oleracea L. leaves. Aldehydes that are known to stem from lipid peroxides inactivated the CO(2) photoreduction to various extents, while their corresponding alcohols and carboxylic acids did not affect photosynthesis. alpha,beta-Unsaturated aldehydes (2-alkenals) showed greater inactivation than the saturated aliphatic aldehydes. The oxygenated short aldehydes malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde showed only weak toxicity to photosynthesis. Among tested 2-alkenals, 2-propenal (acrolein) was the most toxic, and then followed 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal and (E)-2-hexenal. While the CO(2)-photoreduction was inactivated, envelope intactness and photosynthetic electron transport activity (H(2)O --> ferredoxin) were only slightly affected. In the acrolein-treated chloroplasts, the Calvin cycle enzymes phosphoribulokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphophatase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, aldolase, and Rubisco were irreversibly inactivated. Acrolein treatment caused a rapid drop of the glutathione pool, prior to the inactivation of photosynthesis. GSH exogenously added to chloroplasts suppressed the acrolein-induced inactivation of photosynthesis, but ascorbic acid did not show such a protective effect. Thus, lipid peroxide-derived 2-alkenals can inhibit photosynthesis by depleting GSH in chloroplasts and then inactivating multiple enzymes in the Calvin cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun'ichi Mano
- Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Maruta T, Yonemitsu M, Yabuta Y, Tamoi M, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Arabidopsis phosphomannose isomerase 1, but not phosphomannose isomerase 2, is essential for ascorbic acid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28842-51. [PMID: 18755683 PMCID: PMC2661998 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805538200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied molecular and functional properties of Arabidopsis phosphomannose isomerase isoenzymes (PMI1 and PMI2) that catalyze reversible isomerization between D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6P). The apparent K(m) and V(max) values for Man-6P of purified recombinant PMI1 were 41.3+/-4.2 microm and 1.89 micromol/min/mg protein, respectively, whereas those of purified recombinant PMI2 were 372+/-13 microm and 22.5 micromol/min/mg protein, respectively. Both PMI1 and PMI2 were inhibited by incubation with EDTA, Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and L-ascorbic acid (AsA). Arabidopsis PMI1 protein was constitutively expressed in both vegetative and reproductive organs under normal growth conditions, whereas the PMI2 protein was not expressed in any organs under light. The induction of PMI1 expression and an increase in the AsA level were observed in leaves under continuous light, whereas the induction of PMI2 expression and a decrease in the AsA level were observed under long term darkness. PMI1 showed a diurnal expression pattern in parallel with the total PMI activity and the total AsA content in leaves. Moreover, a reduction of PMI1 expression through RNA interference resulted in a substantial decrease in the total AsA content of leaves of knockdown PMI1 plants, whereas the complete inhibition of PMI2 expression did not affect the total AsA levels in leaves of knock-out PMI2 plants. Consequently, this study improves our understanding of the molecular and functional properties of Arabidopsis PMI isoenzymes and provides genetic evidence of the involvement of PMI1, but not PMI2, in the biosynthesis of AsA in Arabidopsis plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Maeda T, Matsumura H, Tamura H, Kobayashi D, Tamoi M, Iwaki T, Shigeoka S, Wadano A, Inoue T, Kai Y. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of phosphoribulokinase from Synechococcussp. PCC 7942 cycle. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
46
|
Fukamizo T, Hayashi K, Tamoi M, Fujimura Y, Kurotaki H, Kulminskaya A, Kitaoka M. Enzymatic hydrolysis of 1,3-1,4-beta-glucosyl oligosaccharides by 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase from Synechocystis PCC6803: a comparison with assays using polymer and chromophoric oligosaccharide substrates. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 478:187-94. [PMID: 18684392 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase from Synechocystis PCC6803 (SsGlc) was investigated using novel substrates 1,3-1,4-beta-glucosyl oligosaccharides, in which 1,3- and 1,4-linkages are located in various arrangements. After the enzymatic reaction, the reaction products were separated and determined by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). As a result, SsGlc was found to hydrolyze the pentasaccharides, which possess three contiguous 1,4-beta-glycosidic linkages (cellotetraose sequence) adjacent to 1,3-beta-linkage, but none of the other oligosaccharides were hydrolyzed. To further analyze the specificity, kinetic measurements were performed using polymeric substrates and 4-methylumbelliferyl derivatives of laminaribiose and cellobiose (1,3-beta-(Glc)(2)-MU and 1,4-beta-(Glc)(2)-MU). The k(cat)/K(m) value obtained for barley beta-glucan was considerably larger than that for lichenan, indicating that SsGlc prefers 1,3-1,4-beta-glucan possessing a larger amount of cellotetraose sequence. This is consistent with the data obtained for 1,3-1,4-beta-glucosyl oligosaccharides. However, the k(cat)/K(m) value obtained for 1,4-beta-(Glc)(2)-MU was considerably lower than that for 1,3-beta-(Glc)(2)-MU, suggesting inconsistency with the data obtained from the other natural substrates. It is likely that the kinetic data obtained from such chromophoric substrates do not always reflect the true enzymatic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yabuta Y, Tamoi M, Yamamoto K, Tomizawa KI, Yokota A, Shigeoka S. Molecular design of photosynthesis-elevated chloroplasts for mass accumulation of a foreign protein. Plant Cell Physiol 2008; 49:375-85. [PMID: 18222961 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase production of a useful protein by the chloroplast transformation technique, it seems to be necessary to determine the upper limit for the accumulation of a biologically active foreign protein in chloroplasts and then improve photosynthetic capacity and plant productivity. Here we show that the stromal fractions of tobacco chloroplasts could accommodate an additional 200-260 mg ml(-1) of green fluorescent protein in the stroma without any inhibition of gas exchange under various light intensity and growth conditions. The minimum amount of fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (FBP/SBPase) limiting photosynthesis was then calculated. Analyses of the photosynthetic parameters and the metabolites of transformants into which FBP/SBPase was introduced with various types of promoter (PpsbA, Prrn, Prps2 and Prps12) indicated that a 2- to 3-fold increase in levels of FBPase and SBPase activity is sufficient to increase the final amount of dry matter by up to 1.8-fold relative to the wild-type plants. Their increases were equivalent to an increase of <1 mg ml(-1) of the FBP/SBPase protein in chloroplasts and were calculated to represent <1% of the protein accumulated via chloroplast transformation. Consequently, >99% of the additional 200-260 mg ml(-1) of protein expressed in the chloroplasts could be used for the production of useful proteins in the photosynthesis-elevated transplastomic plants having FBP/SBPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tamoi M, Kurotaki H, Fukamizo T. Beta-1,4-glucanase-like protein from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 is a beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase and functions in salt stress tolerance. Biochem J 2007; 405:139-46. [PMID: 17331074 PMCID: PMC1925248 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized the gene (Cyanobase accession number slr0897) designated Ssglc encoding a beta-1,4-glucanase-like protein (SsGlc) from Synechocystis PCC6803. The deduced amino acid sequence for Ssglc showed a high degree of similarity to sequences of GH (glycoside hydrolase) family 9 beta-1,4-glucanases (cellulases) from various sources. Surprisingly, the recombinant protein obtained from the Escherichia coli expression system was able to hydrolyse barley beta-glucan and lichenan (beta-1,3-1,4-glucan), but not cellulose (beta-1,4-glucan), curdlan (beta-1,3-glucan), or laminarin (beta-1,3-1,6-glucan). A 1H-NMR analysis of the enzymatic products revealed that the enzyme hydrolyses the beta-1,4-glycosidic linkage of barley beta-glucan through an inverting mechanism. The data indicated that SsGlc was a novel type of GH9 glucanase which could specifically hydrolyse the beta-1,3-1,4-linkage of glucan. The growth of mutant Synechocystis cells in which the Ssglc gene was disrupted by a kanamycin-resistance cartridge gene was almost the same as that of the wild-type cells under continuous light (40 micromol of photons/m2 per s), a 12 h light (40 micromol of photons/m2 per s)/12 h dark cycle, cold stress (4 degrees C), and high light stress (200 micromol of photons/m2 per s). However, under salt stress (300-450 mM NaCl), growth of the Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells was significantly inhibited as compared with that of the wild-type cells. The Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells showed a decreased rate of O2 consumption and NaHCO3-dependent O2 evolution as compared with the wild-type cells under salt stress. Under osmotic stress (100-400 mM sorbitol), there was no difference in growth between the wild-type and the Ssglc-disrupted mutant cells. These results suggest that SsGlc functions in salt stress tolerance in Synechocystis PCC6803.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327–204 Nakamachi, Nara 631–8505, Japan
| | - Hideki Kurotaki
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327–204 Nakamachi, Nara 631–8505, Japan
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327–204 Nakamachi, Nara 631–8505, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Sugar recognition specificities of class III (OsChib1a) and class I (OsChia1cDeltaChBD) chitinases from rice, Oryza sativa L., were investigated by analyzing (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the enzymatic products from partially N-acetylated chitosans. The reducing end residue of the enzymatic products obtained by the class III enzyme was found to be exclusively acetylated, whereas both acetylated and deacetylated units were found at the nearest neighbor to the reducing end residue. Both acetylated and deacetylated units were also found at the nonreducing end residue and its nearest neighbor of the class III enzyme products. Thus, only subsite (-1) among the contiguous subsites (-2) to (+2) of the class III enzyme was found to be specific to an acetylated residue. For the class I enzyme, the reducing end residue was preferentially acetylated, although the specificity was not absolute. The nearest neighbor to the acetylated reducing end residue was specifically acetylated. Moreover, the nonreducing end residue produced by the class I enzyme was exclusively acetylated, although there was a low but significant preference for deacetylated units at the nearest neighbor to the nonreducing end. These results suggest that the three contiguous subsites (-2), (-1), and (+1) of the class I enzyme are specific to three consecutive GlcNAc residues of the substrate. In rice plants, the target of the class I enzyme might be a consecutive GlcNAc sequence probably in the cell wall of fungal pathogen, whereas the class III enzyme might act toward an endogenous complex carbohydrate containing GlcNAc residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiye Sasaki
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kitatani T, Nakamura Y, Wada K, Kinoshita T, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S, Tada T. Structure of apo-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Synechococcus PCC7942. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:727-30. [PMID: 16880542 PMCID: PMC2242934 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309106027916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of NADP-dependent apo-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (apo-GAPDH) from Synechococcus PCC 7942 is reported. The crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement and refined to an R of 21.7% and R(free) of 27.5% at 2.9 angstroms resolution. The structural features of apo-GAPDH are as follows. The S-loop has an extremely flexible conformation and the sulfate ion is only taken into the classical P(i) site. A structural comparison with holo-GAPDHs indicated that the S-loop fixation is essential in the discrimination of NADP and NAD molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kitatani
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kei Wada
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiji Tada
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Correspondence e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|