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Jin S, Youn G, Kim SY, Kang T, Shin HY, Jung JY, Seo PJ, Ahn JH. The CUL3A-LFH1-UBC15 ubiquitin ligase complex mediates SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE degradation to accelerate flowering at high ambient temperature. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100814. [PMID: 38213026 PMCID: PMC11009155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Ambient temperature affects flowering time in plants, and the MADS-box transcription factor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) plays a crucial role in the response to changes in ambient temperature. SVP protein stability is regulated by the 26S proteasome pathway and decreases at high ambient temperature, but the details of SVP degradation are unclear. Here, we show that SVP degradation at high ambient temperature is mediated by the CULLIN3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) complex in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified a previously uncharacterized protein that interacts with SVP at high ambient temperature and contains a BTB/POZ domain. We named this protein LATE FLOWERING AT HIGH TEMPERATURE 1 (LFH1). Single mutants of LFH1 or CULLIN3A (CUL3A) showed late flowering specifically at 27°C. LFH1 protein levels increased at high ambient temperature. We found that LFH1 interacts with CUL3A in the cytoplasm and is important for SVP-CUL3A complex formation. Mutations in CUL3A and/or LFH1 led to increased SVP protein stability at high ambient temperature, suggesting that the CUL3-LFH1 complex functions in SVP degradation. Screening E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (UBCs) using RING-BOX PROTEIN 1 (RBX1), a component of the CRL3 complex, as bait identified UBC15. ubc15 mutants also showed late flowering at high ambient temperature. In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination assays using recombinant CUL3A, LFH1, RBX1, and UBC15 showed that SVP is highly ubiquitinated in an ATP-dependent manner. Collectively, these results indicate that the degradation of SVP at high ambient temperature is mediated by a CRL3 complex comprising CUL3A, LFH1, and UBC15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Geummin Youn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewook Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yul Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Moon H, Jeong AR, Park CJ. Rice NLR protein XinN1, induced by a pattern recognition receptor XA21, confers enhanced resistance to bacterial blight. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:72. [PMID: 38376569 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Rice CC-type NLR XinN1, specifically induced by a PRR XA21, activates defense pathways against Xoo. Plants have evolved two layers of immune systems regulated by two different types of immune receptors, cell surface located pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs). Plant PRRs recognize conserved molecular patterns from diverse pathogens, resulting in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas NLRs are activated by effectors secreted by pathogens into plant cells, inducing effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Rice PRR, XA21, recognizes a tyrosine-sulfated RaxX peptide (required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X) as a molecular pattern secreted by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Here, we identified a rice NLR gene, XinN1, that is specifically induced during the XA21-mediated immune response against Xoo. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing XinN1 displayed increased resistance to infection by Xoo with reduced lesion length and bacterial growth. Overexpression of autoactive mutant of XinN1 (XinN1D543V) also displayed increased resistance to Xoo, accompanied with severe growth retardation and cell death. In rice protoplast system, overexpression of XinN1 or XinN1D543V significantly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytosolic-free calcium (Ca2+) accumulations. In addition, XinN1 overexpression additionally elevated the ROS burst caused by the interaction between XA21 and RaxX-sY and induced the transcription of PTI signaling components, including somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (OsSERKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (OsRLCKs). Our results suggest that XinN1 induced by the PRR XA21 activates defense pathways and provides enhanced resistance to Xoo in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - A-Ram Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Tamizhselvan P, Madhavan S, Constan-Aguilar C, Elrefaay ER, Liu J, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Cairó A, Hrtyan M, Geisler M, Tognetti VB. Chloroplast Auxin Efflux Mediated by ABCB28 and ABCB29 Fine-Tunes Salt and Drought Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:7. [PMID: 38202315 PMCID: PMC10780339 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is among the first processes negatively affected by environmental cues and its performance directly determines plant cell fitness and ultimately crop yield. Primarily sites of photosynthesis, chloroplasts are unique sites also for the biosynthesis of precursors of the growth regulator auxin and for sensing environmental stress, but their role in intracellular auxin homeostasis, vital for plant growth and survival in changing environments, remains poorly understood. Here, we identified two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily B transporters, ABCB28 and ABCB29, which export auxin across the chloroplast envelope to the cytosol in a concerted action in vivo. Moreover, we provide evidence for an auxin biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. The overexpression of ABCB28 and ABCB29 influenced stomatal regulation and resulted in significantly improved water use efficiency and survival rates during salt and drought stresses. Our results suggest that chloroplast auxin production and transport contribute to stomata regulation for conserving water upon salt stress. ABCB28 and ABCB29 integrate photosynthesis and auxin signals and as such hold great potential to improve the adaptation potential of crops to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Tamizhselvan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Sharmila Madhavan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Christian Constan-Aguilar
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Eman Ryad Elrefaay
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (J.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Albert Cairó
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Mónika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (J.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Vanesa Beatriz Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (S.M.); (C.C.-A.); (E.R.E.); (A.C.); (M.H.)
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Schwenkert S, Lo WT, Szulc B, Yip CK, Pratt AI, Cusack SA, Brandt B, Leister D, Kunz HH. Probing the physiological role of the plastid outer-envelope membrane using the oemiR plasmid collection. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad187. [PMID: 37572358 PMCID: PMC10542568 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are the site of complex biochemical pathways, most prominently photosynthesis. The organelle evolved through endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium, which is exemplified by the outer envelope membrane that harbors more than 40 proteins in Arabidopsis. Their evolutionary conservation indicates high significance for plant cell function. While a few proteins are well-studied as part of the protein translocon complex the majority of outer envelope protein functions is unclear. Gaining a deeper functional understanding has been complicated by the lack of observable loss-of-function mutant phenotypes, which is often rooted in functional genetic redundancy. Therefore, we designed outer envelope-specific artificial micro RNAs (oemiRs) capable of downregulating transcripts from several loci simultaneously. We successfully tested oemiR function by performing a proof-of-concept screen for pale and cold-sensitive mutants. An in-depth analysis of pale mutant alleles deficient in the translocon component TOC75 using proteomics provided new insights into putative compensatory import pathways. The cold stress screen not only recapitulated 3 previously known phenotypes of cold-sensitive mutants but also identified 4 mutants of additional oemiR outer envelope loci. Altogether our study revealed a role of the outer envelope to tolerate cold conditions and showcasts the power of the oemiR collection to research the significance of outer envelope proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Schwenkert
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wing Tung Lo
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Beata Szulc
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chun Kwan Yip
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna I Pratt
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Brandt
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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5
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Nishimura T, Mori S, Shikata H, Nakamura M, Hashiguchi Y, Abe Y, Hagihara T, Yoshikawa HY, Toyota M, Higaki T, Morita MT. Cell polarity linked to gravity sensing is generated by LZY translocation from statoliths to the plasma membrane. Science 2023; 381:1006-1010. [PMID: 37561884 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have evolved under gravitational force, and many sense the direction of gravity by means of statoliths in specialized cells. In flowering plants, starch-accumulating plastids, known as amyloplasts, act as statoliths to facilitate downstream gravitropism. The gravity-sensing mechanism has long been considered a mechanosensing process by which amyloplasts transmit forces to intracellular structures, but the molecular mechanism underlying this has not been elucidated. We show here that LAZY1-LIKE (LZY) family proteins involved in statocyte gravity signaling associate with amyloplasts and the proximal plasma membrane. This results in polar localization according to the direction of gravity. We propose a gravity-sensing mechanism by which LZY translocation to the plasma membrane signals the direction of gravity by transmitting information on the position of amyloplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishimura
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
| | - Shogo Mori
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Shikata
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
| | - Moritaka Nakamura
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hashiguchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Abe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takuma Hagihara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | | | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE), Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Miyo Terao Morita
- Division of Plant Environmental Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Course for Basic Biology, The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
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6
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Li Y, Wang W, Zhang N, Cheng Y, Hussain S, Wang Y, Tian H, Hussain H, Lin R, Yuan Y, Wang C, Wang T, Wang S. Antagonistic Regulation of ABA Responses by Duplicated Tandemly Repeated DUF538 Protein Genes in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2989. [PMID: 37631202 PMCID: PMC10459309 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) regulates plant responses to abiotic stresses by regulating the expression of ABA response genes. However, the functions of a large portion of ABA response genes have remained unclear. We report in this study the identification of ASDs (ABA-inducible signal peptide-containing DUF538 proteins), a subgroup of DUF538 proteins with a signal peptide, as the regulators of plant responses to ABA in Arabidopsis. ASDs are encoded by four closely related DUF538 genes, with ASD1/ASD2 and ASD3/ASD4 being two pairs of duplicated tandemly repeated genes. The quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression levels of ASDs increased significantly in response to ABA as well as NaCl and mannitol treatments, with the exception that the expression level of ASD2 remained largely unchanged in response to NaCl treatment. The results of Arabidopsis protoplast transient transfection assays showed that ASDs were localized on the plasma membrane and in the cytosol and nucleus. When recruited to the promoter of the reporter gene via a fused GD domain, ASDs were able to slightly repress the expression of the co-transfected reporter gene. Seed germination and cotyledon greening assays showed that ABA sensitivity was increased in the transgenic plants that were over-expressing ASD1 or ASD3 but decreased in the transgenic plants that were over-expressing ASD2 or ASD4. On the other hand, ABA sensitivity was increased in the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited asd2 single mutants but decreased in the asd3 single mutants. A transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in the 35S:ASD2 transgenic plant seedlings were enriched in several different processes, including in plant growth and development, the secondary metabolism, and plant hormone signaling. In summary, our results show that ASDs are ABA response genes and that ASDs are involved in the regulation of plant responses to ABA in Arabidopsis; however, ASD1/ASD3 and ASD2/ASD4 have opposite functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (W.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (W.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Hadia Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Rao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (T.W.)
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China; (W.W.); (S.H.)
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7
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Wang Y, Wang W, Jia Q, Tian H, Wang X, Li Y, Hussain S, Hussain H, Wang T, Wang S. BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112220. [PMID: 37299199 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) is able to regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses via regulating the expression of ABA response genes. BIC1 (Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochromes 1) and BIC2 have been identified as the inhibitors of plant cryptochrome functions, and are involved in the regulation of plant development and metabolism in Arabidopsis . In this study, we report the identification of BIC2 as a regulator of ABA responses in Arabidopsis . RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) results show that the expression level of BIC1 remained largely unchanged, but that of BIC2 increased significantly in response to ABA treatment. Transfection assays in Arabidopsis protoplasts show that both BIC1 and BIC2 were mainly localized in the nucleus, and were able to activate the expression of the co-transfected reporter gene. Results in seed germination and seedling greening assays show that ABA sensitivity was increased in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC2, but increased slightly, if any, in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC1. ABA sensitivity was also increased in the bic2 single mutants in seedling greening assays, but no further increase was observed in the bic1 bic2 double mutants. On the other hand, in root elongation assays, ABA sensitivity was decreased in the transgenic plants overexpressing BIC2, as well as the bic2 single mutants, but no further decrease was observed in the bic1 bic2 double mutants. By using qRT-PCR (quantitative RT-PCR), we further examined how BIC2 may regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis , and found that inhibition of ABA on the expression of the ABA receptor genes PYL4 (PYR1-Like 4) and PYL5 were decreased, but promotion of ABA on the expression of the protein kinase gene SnRK2.6 (SNF1-Related Protein Kinases 2.6) was enhanced in both the bic1 bic2 double mutants and 35S:BIC2 overexpression transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that BIC2 regulates ABA responses in Arabidopsis possibly by affecting the expression of ABA signaling key regulator genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qiming Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hadia Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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Lin YC, Tsay YF. Study of vacuole glycerate transporter NPF8.4 reveals a new role of photorespiration in C/N balance. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:803-816. [PMID: 37055555 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory intermediate glycerate is known to be shuttled between the peroxisome and chloroplast. Here, localization of NPF8.4 in the tonoplast, together with the reduced vacuolar glycerate content displayed by an npf8.4 mutant and the glycerate efflux activity detected in an oocyte expression system, identifies NPF8.4 as a tonoplast glycerate influx transporter. Our study shows that expression of NPF8.4 and most photorespiration-associated genes, as well as the photorespiration rate, is upregulated in response to short-term nitrogen (N) depletion. We report growth retardation and early senescence phenotypes for npf8.4 mutants specifically upon N depletion, suggesting that the NPF8.4-mediated regulatory pathway for sequestering the photorespiratory carbon intermediate glycerate in vacuoles is important to alleviate the impact of an increased C/N ratio under N deficiency. Thus, our study of NPF8.4 reveals a novel role for photorespiration in N flux to cope with short-term N depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Lee J, Moon B, Lee DW, Hwang I. Translation rate underpins specific targeting of N-terminal transmembrane proteins to mitochondria. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36897023 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein biogenesis is a complex process, and complexity is greatly increased in eukaryotic cells through specific targeting of proteins to different organelles. To direct targeting, organellar proteins carry an organelle-specific targeting signal for recognition by organelle-specific import machinery. However, the situation is confusing for transmembrane domain (TMD)-containing signal-anchored (SA) proteins of various organelles because TMDs function as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting signal. Although ER targeting of SA proteins is well understood, how they are targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts remains elusive. Here, we investigated how the targeting specificity of SA proteins is determined for specific targeting to mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondrial targeting requires multiple motifs around and within TMDs: a basic residue and an arginine-rich region flanking the N- and C-termini of TMDs, respectively, and an aromatic residue in the C-terminal side of the TMD that specify mitochondrial targeting in an additive manner. These motifs play a role in slowing down the elongation speed during translation, thereby ensuring mitochondrial targeting in a co-translational manner. By contrast, the absence of any of these motifs individually or together causes at varying degrees chloroplast targeting that occurs in a post-translational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Byeongho Moon
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- Department Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
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10
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Yue X, Ke X, Shi Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Hou X. Chloroplast inner envelope protein FtsH11 is involved in the adjustment of assembly of chloroplast ATP synthase under heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:850-864. [PMID: 36573466 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane is an integral aspect of photosynthesis that is mainly established by the splitting of water molecules in photosystem II and plastoquinol oxidation at the cytochrome complex, and it is necessary for the generation of ATP in the last step of photophosphorylation. Although environmental stresses, such as high temperatures, are known to disrupt this fundamental process, only a few studies have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying proton gradient regulation during stress. The present study identified a heat-sensitive mutant that displays aberrant photosynthesis at high temperatures. This mutation was mapped to AtFtsH11, which encodes an ATP-dependent AAA-family metalloprotease. We showed that AtFtsH11 localizes to the chloroplast inner envelope membrane and is capable of degrading the ATP synthase assembly factor BFA3 under heat stress. We posit that this function limits the amount of ATP synthase integrated into the thylakoid membrane to regulate proton efflux from the lumen to the stroma. Our data also suggest that AtFtsH11 is critical in stabilizing photosystem II and cytochrome complexes at high temperatures, and additional studies can further elucidate the specific molecular functions of this critical regulator of photosynthetic thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yetao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Hussain S, Cheng Y, Li Y, Wang W, Tian H, Zhang N, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Hussain H, Lin R, Wang C, Wang T, Wang S. AtbZIP62 Acts as a Transcription Repressor to Positively Regulate ABA Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3037. [PMID: 36432766 PMCID: PMC9699195 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor AtbZIP62 is involved in the regulation of plant responses to abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity stresses, NO3 transport, and basal defense in Arabidopsis. It is unclear if it plays a role in regulating plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone that can regulate plant abiotic stress responses via regulating downstream ABA-responsive genes. Using RT-PCR analysis, we found that the expression level of AtbZIP62 was increased in response to exogenously applied ABA. Protoplast transfection assays show that AtbZIP62 is predominantly localized in the nucleus and functions as a transcription repressor. To examine the roles of AtbZIP62 in regulating ABA responses, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtbZIP62 and created gene-edited atbzip62 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9. We found that in both ABA-regulated seed germination and cotyledon greening assays, the 35S:AtbZIP62 transgenic plants were hypersensitive, whereas atbzip62 mutants were hyposensitive to ABA. To examine the functional mechanisms of AtbZIP62 in regulating ABA responses, we generated Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing 35S:AtbZIP62-GR, and performed transcriptome analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the presence and absence of DEX, and found that DEGs are highly enriched in processes including response to abiotic stresses and response to ABA. Quantitative RT-PCR results further show that AtbZIP62 may regulate the expression of several ABA-responsive genes, including USP, ABF2, and SnRK2.7. In summary, our results show that AtbZIP62 is an ABA-responsive gene, and AtbZIP62 acts as a transcription repressor to positively regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hadia Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Rao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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12
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Ichikawa S, Ishikawa K, Miyakawa H, Kodama Y. Live-cell imaging of the chloroplast outer envelope membrane using fluorescent dyes. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e462. [PMID: 36398034 PMCID: PMC9666008 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chloroplasts are organelles composed of sub-organellar compartments-stroma, thylakoids, and starch granules-and are surrounded by outer and inner envelope membranes (OEM and IEM, respectively). The chloroplast OEM and IEM play key roles not only as a barrier separating the chloroplast components from the cytosol but also in the interchange of numerous metabolites and proteins between the chloroplast interior and the cytosol. Fluorescent protein markers for the chloroplast OEM have been widely used to visualize the outermost border of chloroplasts. However, the use of marker proteins requires an established cellular genetic transformation method, which limits the plant species in which marker proteins can be used. Moreover, the high accumulation of OEM marker proteins often elicits abnormal morphological phenotypes of the OEM. Because the OEM can currently only be visualized using exogenous marker proteins, the behaviors of the chloroplast and/or its OEM remain unknown in wild-type cells of various plant species. Here, we visualized the OEM using live-cell staining with the fluorescent dyes rhodamine B and Nile red in several plant species, including crops. We propose rhodamine B and Nile red as new tools for visualizing the chloroplast OEM in living plant cells that do not require genetic transformation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We established a live-cell imaging method to visualize the chloroplast outer envelope membrane by staining living cells with fluorescent dyes. This method does not require genetic transformation and allows the observation of the chloroplast outer envelope membrane in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ichikawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and EducationUtsunomiya UniversityTochigiJapan
- Graduate School of Regional Development and CreativityUtsunomiya UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Kazuya Ishikawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and EducationUtsunomiya UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and EducationUtsunomiya UniversityTochigiJapan
- Graduate School of Regional Development and CreativityUtsunomiya UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and EducationUtsunomiya UniversityTochigiJapan
- Graduate School of Regional Development and CreativityUtsunomiya UniversityTochigiJapan
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13
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Gani U, Nautiyal AK, Kundan M, Rout B, Pandey A, Misra P. Two homeologous MATE transporter genes, NtMATE21 and NtMATE22, are involved in the modulation of plant growth and flavonol transport in Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6186-6206. [PMID: 35662335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein family has been implicated in the transport of a diverse range of molecules, including specialized metabolites. In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), only a limited number of MATE transporters have been functionally characterized, and no MATE transporter has been studied in the context of flavonoid transport in this plant species so far. In the present study, we characterize two homeologous tobacco MATE genes, NtMATE21 and NtMATE22, and demonstrate their role in flavonol transport and in plant growth and development. The expression of these two genes was reported to be up-regulated in trichomes as compared with the trichome-free leaf. The transcript levels of NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 were found to be higher in flavonol overproducing tobacco transgenic lines as compared with wild type tobacco. The two transporters were demonstrated to be localized to the plasma membrane. Genetic manipulation of NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 led to altered growth phenotypes and modulated flavonol contents in N. tabacum. The β-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein fusion transgenic lines of promoter regions suggested that NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 are exclusively expressed in the trichome heads in the leaf tissue and petals. Moreover, in a transient transactivation assay, NtMYB12, a flavonol-specific MYB transcription factor, was found to transactivate the expression of NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 genes. Together, our results strongly suggest the involvement of NtMATE21 and NtMATE22 in flavonol transport as well as in the regulation of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Nautiyal
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Maridul Kundan
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Biswaranjan Rout
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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14
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AtEAU1 and AtEAU2, Two EAR Motif-Containing ABA Up-Regulated Novel Transcription Repressors Regulate ABA Response in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169053. [PMID: 36012319 PMCID: PMC9409118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
EAR (Ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated Amphiphilic Repression) motif-containing transcription repressors have been shown to regulate plant growth and development, and plant responses to plant hormones and environmental stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most EAR-motif-containing proteins remain largely uncharacterized. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) also plays important roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses via activation/repression of ABA-responsive genes. We report here the identification and functional characterization of two ABA-responsive EAR motif-containing protein genes, AtEAU1 (Arabidopsis thaliana EAR motif-containing ABAUp-regulated 1) and AtEAU2. Quantitative RT-PCR results show that the expressions of AtEAU1 and AtEAU2 were increased by ABA treatment, and were decreased in the ABA biosynthesis mutant aba1-5. Assays in transfected Arabidopsis protoplasts show that both AtEAU1 and AtEAU2 were specifically localized in the nucleus, and when recruited to the promoter region of the reporter gene by a fused DNA binding domain, repressed reporter gene expression. By using T-DNA insertion mutants and a gene-edited transgene-free mutant generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we performed ABA sensitivity assays, and found that ABA sensitivity in the both ateau1 and ateau2 single mutants was increased in seedling greening assays. ABA sensitivity in the ateau1 ateau2 double mutants was also increased, but was largely similar to the ateau1 single mutants. On the other hand, all the mutants showed a wild type response to ABA in root elongation assays. Quantitative RT-PCR results show that the expression level of PYL4, an ABA receptor gene was increased, whereas that of ABI2, a PP2C gene was decreased in the ateau1 and ateau1 single, and the ateau1 ateau2 double mutants. In summary, our results suggest that AtEAU1 and AtEAU2 are ABA-response genes, and AtEAU1 and AtEAU2 are novel EAR motif-containing transcription repressors that negatively regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis, likely by regulating the expression of some ABA signaling key regulator genes.
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15
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Velay F, Soula M, Mehrez M, Belbachir C, D'Alessandro S, Laloi C, Crete P, Field B. MoBiFC: development of a modular bimolecular fluorescence complementation toolkit for the analysis of chloroplast protein-protein interactions. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:69. [PMID: 35619173 PMCID: PMC9134606 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay has emerged as one of the most popular methods for analysing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in plant biology. This includes its increasing use as a tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast function. However, the construction of chloroplast fusion proteins for BiFC can be difficult, and the availability and selection of appropriate controls is not trivial. Furthermore, the challenges of performing BiFC in restricted cellular compartments has not been specifically addressed. RESULTS Here we describe the development of a flexible modular cloning-based toolkit for BiFC (MoBiFC) and proximity labelling in the chloroplast and other cellular compartments using synthetic biology principles. We used pairs of chloroplast proteins previously shown to interact (HSP21/HSP21 and HSP21/PTAC5) and a negative control (HSP21/ΔPTAC5) to develop standardised Goldengate-compatible modules for the assembly of protein fusions with fluorescent protein (FP) fragments for BiFC expressed from a single multigenic T-DNA. Using synthetic biology principles and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, we iteratively improved the approach by testing different FP fragments, promoters, reference FPs for ratiometric quantification, and cell types. A generic negative control (mCHERRY) was also tested, and modules for the identification of proximal proteins by Turbo-ID labelling were developed and validated. CONCLUSIONS MoBiFC facilitates the cloning process for organelle-targeted proteins, allows robust ratiometric quantification, and makes available model positive and negative controls. Development of MoBiFC underlines how Goldengate cloning approaches accelerate the development and enrichment of new toolsets, and highlights several potential pitfalls in designing BiFC experiments including the choice of FP split, negative controls, cell type, and reference FP. We discuss how MoBiFC could be further improved and extended to other compartments of the plant cell and to high throughput cloning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Velay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Soula
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Marwa Mehrez
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009, Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Clément Belbachir
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Stefano D'Alessandro
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009, Marseille, France
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Christophe Laloi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Crete
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Ben Field
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009, Marseille, France.
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16
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Moon H, Jeong AR, Kwon OK, Park CJ. Oryza-Specific Orphan Protein Triggers Enhanced Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:859375. [PMID: 35360326 PMCID: PMC8961030 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.859375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
All genomes carry lineage-specific orphan genes lacking homology in their closely related species. Identification and functional study of the orphan genes is fundamentally important for understanding lineage-specific adaptations including acquirement of resistance to pathogens. However, most orphan genes are of unknown function due to the difficulties in studying them using helpful comparative genomics. Here, we present a defense-related Oryza-specific orphan gene, Xio1, specifically induced by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in an immune receptor XA21-dependent manner. Salicylic acid (SA) and ethephon (ET) also induced its expression, but methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) reduced its basal expression. C-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged Xio1 (Xio1-GFP) was visualized in the nucleus and the cytosol after polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation in rice protoplasts and Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration in tobacco leaves. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing Xio1-GFP showed significantly enhanced resistance to Xoo with reduced lesion lengths and bacterial growth, in company with constitutive expression of defense-related genes. However, all of the transgenic plants displayed severe growth retardation and premature death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly produced in rice protoplasts constitutively expressing Xio1-GFP. Overexpression of Xio1-GFP in non-Oryza plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, failed to induce growth retardation and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Our results suggest that the defense-related orphan gene Xio1 plays an important role in distinctive mechanisms evolved within the Oryza and provides a new source of Oryza-specific genes for crop-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Ram Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh-Kyu Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Nasim Z, Susila H, Jin S, Youn G, Ahn JH. Polymerase II-Associated Factor 1 Complex-Regulated FLOWERING LOCUS C-Clade Genes Repress Flowering in Response to Chilling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817356. [PMID: 35222476 PMCID: PMC8863679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) regulates the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase primarily by modulating the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS M [FLM, also known as MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING1 (MAF1)] at standard growth temperatures. However, the role of PAF1C in the regulation of flowering time at chilling temperatures (i.e., cold temperatures that are above freezing) and whether PAF1C affects other FLC-clade genes (MAF2-MAF5) remains unknown. Here, we showed that Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of any of the six known genes that encode components of PAF1C [CELL DIVISION CYCLE73/PLANT HOMOLOGOUS TO PARAFIBROMIN, VERNALIZATION INDEPENDENCE2 (VIP2)/EARLY FLOWERING7 (ELF7), VIP3, VIP4, VIP5, and VIP6/ELF8] showed temperature-insensitive early flowering across a broad temperature range (10°C-27°C). Flowering of PAF1C-deficient mutants at 10°C was even earlier than that in flc, flm, and flc flm mutants, suggesting that PAF1C regulates additional factors. Indeed, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of PAF1C-deficient mutants revealed downregulation of MAF2-MAF5 in addition to FLC and FLM at both 10 and 23°C. Consistent with the reduced expression of FLC and the FLC-clade members FLM/MAF1 and MAF2-MAF5, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-quantitative PCR assays showed reduced levels of the permissive epigenetic modification H3K4me3/H3K36me3 and increased levels of the repressive modification H3K27me3 at their chromatin. Knocking down MAF2-MAF5 using artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) in the flc flm background (35S::amiR-MAF2-5 flc flm) resulted in significantly earlier flowering than flc flm mutants and even earlier than short vegetative phase (svp) mutants at 10°C. Wild-type seedlings showed higher accumulation of FLC and FLC-clade gene transcripts at 10°C compared to 23°C. Our yeast two-hybrid assays and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analyses revealed that MAF2-MAF5 directly interact with the prominent floral repressor SVP. Late flowering caused by SVP overexpression was almost completely suppressed by the elf7 and vip4 mutations, suggesting that SVP-mediated floral repression required a functional PAF1C. Taken together, our results showed that PAF1C regulates the transcription of FLC and FLC-clade genes to modulate temperature-responsive flowering at a broad range of temperatures and that the interaction between SVP and these FLC-clade proteins is important for floral repression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ji Hoon Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Watson SJ, Li N, Ye Y, Wu F, Ling Q, Jarvis RP. Crosstalk between the chloroplast protein import and SUMO systems revealed through genetic and molecular investigation in Arabidopsis. eLife 2021; 10:60960. [PMID: 34473053 PMCID: PMC8497055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast proteome contains thousands of different proteins that are encoded by the nuclear genome. These proteins are imported into the chloroplast via the action of the TOC translocase and associated downstream systems. Our recent work has revealed that the stability of the TOC complex is dynamically regulated by the ubiquitin-dependent chloroplast-associated protein degradation pathway. Here, we demonstrate that the TOC complex is also regulated by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) system. Arabidopsis mutants representing almost the entire SUMO conjugation pathway can partially suppress the phenotype of ppi1, a pale-yellow mutant lacking the Toc33 protein. This suppression is linked to increased abundance of TOC proteins and improvements in chloroplast development. Moreover, data from molecular and biochemical experiments support a model in which the SUMO system directly regulates TOC protein stability. Thus, we have identified a regulatory link between the SUMO system and the chloroplast protein import machinery. All green plants grow by converting light energy into chemical energy. They do this using a process called photosynthesis, which happens inside compartments in plant cells called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts use thousands of different proteins to make chemical energy. Some of these proteins allow the chloroplasts to absorb light energy using chlorophyll, the pigment that makes leaves green. The vast majority of these proteins are transported into the chloroplasts through a protein machine called the TOC complex. When plants lack parts of the TOC complex, their chloroplasts develop abnormally, and their leaves turn yellow. Photosynthesis can make toxic by-products, so cells need a way to turn it off when they are under stress; for example, by lowering the number of TOC complexes on the chloroplasts. This is achieved by tagging TOC complexes with a molecule called ubiquitin, which will lead to their removal from chloroplasts, slowing photosynthesis down. It is unknown whether another, similar, molecular tag called SUMO aids in this destruction process. To find out, Watson et al. examined a mutant of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This mutant had low levels of the TOC complex, turning its leaves pale yellow. A combination of genetic, molecular, and biochemical experiments showed that SUMO molecular tags control the levels of TOC complex on chloroplasts. Increasing the amount of SUMO in the mutant plants made their leaves turn yellower, while interfering with the genes responsible for depositing SUMO tags turned the leaves green. This implies that in plants with less SUMO tags, cells stopped destroying their TOC complexes, allowing the chloroplasts to develop better, and changing the colour of the leaves. The SUMO tagging of TOC complexes shares a lot of genetic similarities with the ubiquitin tag system. It is possible that SUMO tags may help to control the CHLORAD pathway, which destroys TOC complexes marked with ubiquitin. Understanding this relationship, and how to influence it, could help to improve the performance of crops. The next step is to understand exactly how SUMO tags promote the destruction of the TOC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiting Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feijie Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Qihua Ling
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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19
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Chen HY, Lin SH, Cheng LH, Wu JJ, Lin YC, Tsay YF. Potential transceptor AtNRT1.13 modulates shoot architecture and flowering time in a nitrate-dependent manner. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1492-1505. [PMID: 33580260 PMCID: PMC8254489 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Compared with root development regulated by external nutrients, less is known about how internal nutrients are monitored to control plasticity of shoot development. In this study, we characterize an Arabidopsis thaliana transceptor, NRT1.13 (NPF4.4), of the NRT1/PTR/NPF family. Different from most NRT1 transporters, NRT1.13 does not have the conserved proline residue between transmembrane domains 10 and 11; an essential residue for nitrate transport activity in CHL1/NRT1.1/NPF6.3. As expected, when expressed in oocytes, NRT1.13 showed no nitrate transport activity. However, when Ser 487 at the corresponding position was converted back to proline, NRT1.13 S487P regained nitrate uptake activity, suggesting that wild-type NRT1.13 cannot transport nitrate but can bind it. Subcellular localization and β-glucuronidase reporter analyses indicated that NRT1.13 is a plasma membrane protein expressed at the parenchyma cells next to xylem in the petioles and the stem nodes. When plants were grown with a normal concentration of nitrate, nrt1.13 showed no severe growth phenotype. However, when grown under low-nitrate conditions, nrt1.13 showed delayed flowering, increased node number, retarded branch outgrowth, and reduced lateral nitrate allocation to nodes. Our results suggest that NRT1.13 is required for low-nitrate acclimation and that internal nitrate is monitored near the xylem by NRT1.13 to regulate shoot architecture and flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Shan-Hua Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsin Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jong Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529,
Taiwan
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20
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Mathur J. Organelle extensions in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:593-607. [PMID: 33793902 PMCID: PMC8133556 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The life strategy of plants includes their ability to respond quickly at the cellular level to changes in their environment. The use of targeted fluorescent protein probes and imaging of living cells has revealed several rapidly induced organelle responses that create the efficient sub-cellular machinery for maintaining homeostasis in the plant cell. Several organelles, including plastids, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, extend and retract thin tubules that have been named stromules, matrixules, and peroxules, respectively. Here, I combine all these thin tubular forms under the common head of organelle extensions. All extensions change shape continuously and in their elongated form considerably increase organelle outreach into the surrounding cytoplasm. Their pleomorphy reflects their interactions with the dynamic endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeletal elements. Here, using foundational images and time-lapse movies, and providing salient information on some molecular and biochemically characterized mutants with increased organelle extensions, I draw attention to their common role in maintaining homeostasis in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mathur
- Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1 Canada
- Author for communication:
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21
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Hsu PJ, Tan MC, Shen HL, Chen YH, Wang YY, Hwang SG, Chiang MH, Le QV, Kuo WS, Chou YC, Lin SY, Jauh GY, Cheng WH. The nucleolar protein SAHY1 is involved in pre-rRNA processing and normal plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1039-1058. [PMID: 33793900 PMCID: PMC8133687 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although the nucleolus is involved in ribosome biogenesis, the functions of numerous nucleolus-localized proteins remain unclear. In this study, we genetically isolated Arabidopsis thaliana salt hypersensitive mutant 1 (sahy1), which exhibits slow growth, short roots, pointed leaves, and sterility. SAHY1 encodes an uncharacterized protein that is predominantly expressed in root tips, early developing seeds, and mature pollen grains and is mainly restricted to the nucleolus. Dysfunction of SAHY1 primarily causes the accumulation of 32S, 18S-A3, and 27SB pre-rRNA intermediates. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments further revealed the interaction of SAHY1 with ribosome proteins and ribosome biogenesis factors. Moreover, sahy1 mutants are less sensitive to protein translation inhibitors and show altered expression of structural constituents of ribosomal genes and ribosome subunit profiles, reflecting the involvement of SAHY1 in ribosome composition and ribosome biogenesis. Analyses of ploidy, S-phase cell cycle progression, and auxin transport and signaling indicated the impairment of mitotic activity, translation of auxin transport carrier proteins, and expression of the auxin-responsive marker DR5::GFP in the root tips or embryos of sahy1 plants. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SAHY1, a nucleolar protein involved in ribosome biogenesis, plays critical roles in normal plant growth in association with auxin transport and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-jung Hsu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Tan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Ling Shen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Huei Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ying Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Gwang Hwang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hau Chiang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Quang-Vuong Le
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shuo Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chan Chou
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County,Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yun Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuh Jauh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Wang TJ, Huang S, Zhang A, Guo P, Liu Y, Xu C, Cong W, Liu B, Xu ZY. JMJ17-WRKY40 and HY5-ABI5 modules regulate the expression of ABA-responsive genes in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:567-584. [PMID: 33423315 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the adaptation of young seedlings to environmental stresses. However, the role of epigenetic components and core transcriptional machineries in the effect of ABA on seed germination and seedling growth remain unclear. Here, we show that a histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase, JMJ17, regulates the expression of ABA-responsive genes during seed germination and seedling growth. Using comparative interactomics, WRKY40, a central transcriptional repressor in ABA signaling, was shown to interact with JMJ17. WRKY40 facilitates the recruitment of JMJ17 to the ABI5 chromatin, which removes gene activation marks (H3K4me3) from the ABI5 chromatin, thereby repressing its expression. Additionally, WRKY40 represses the transcriptional activation activity of HY5, which can activate ABI5 expression by directly binding to its promoter. An increase in ABA concentrations decreases the affinity of WRKY40 for the ABI5 promoter. Thus, WRKY40 and JMJ17 are released from the ABI5 chromatin, activating HY5. The accumulated ABI5 protein further shows heteromeric interaction with HY5, and thus synergistically activates its own expression. Our findings reveal a novel transcriptional switch, composed of JMJ17-WRKY40 and HY5-ABI5 modules, which regulates the ABA response during seed germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shuangzhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Weixuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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23
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Cui L, Zhang C, Li Z, Xian T, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhu G, Peng X. Two plastidic glycolate/glycerate translocator 1 isoforms function together to transport photorespiratory glycolate and glycerate in rice chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2584-2599. [PMID: 33483723 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway is highly compartmentalized. As such, metabolite shuttles between organelles are critical to ensure efficient photorespiratory carbon flux. Arabidopsis plastidic glycolate/glycerate translocator 1 (PLGG1) has been reported as a key chloroplastic glycolate/glycerate transporter. Two homologous genes, OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b, have been identified in the rice genome, although their distinct functions and relationships remain unknown. Herein, our analysis of exogenous expression in oocytes and yeast shows that both OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b have the ability to transport glycolate and glycerate. Furthermore, we demonstrate in planta that the perturbation of OsPLGG1a or OsPLGG1b expression leads to extensive accumulation of photorespiratory metabolites, especially glycolate and glycerate. Under ambient CO2 conditions, loss-of-function osplgg1a or osplgg1b mutant plants exhibited significant decreases in photosynthesis efficiency, starch accumulation, plant height, and crop productivity. These morphological defects were almost entirely recovered when the mutant plants were grown under elevated CO2 conditions. In contrast to osplgg1a, osplgg1b mutant alleles produced a mild photorespiratory phenotype and had reduced accumulation of photorespiratory metabolites. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b are located in the inner and outer membranes of the chloroplast envelope, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b have a direct interaction. Our results indicate that both OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b are chloroplastic glycolate/glycerate transporters required for photorespiratory metabolism and plant growth, and that they may function as a singular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuxiu Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Ma Y, Tian H, Lin R, Wang W, Zhang N, Hussain S, Yang W, Zhang C, Zhou G, Wang T, Wang S. AITRL, an evolutionarily conserved plant specific transcription repressor regulates ABA response in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:721. [PMID: 33436924 PMCID: PMC7804847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of stress response genes can be regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) dependent and ABA independent pathways. Osmotic stresses promote ABA accumulation, therefore inducing the expression of stress response genes via ABA signaling. Whereas cold and heat stresses induce the expression of stress response genes via ABA independent pathway. ABA induced transcription repressors (AITRs) are a family of novel transcription factors that play a role in ABA signaling, and Drought response gene (DRG) has previously been shown to play a role in regulating plant response to drought and freezing stresses. We report here the identification of DRG as a novel transcription factor and a regulator of ABA response in Arabidopsis. We found that the expression of DRG was induced by ABA treatment. Homologs searching identified AITR5 as the most closely related Arabidopsis protein to DRG, and homologs of DRG, including the AITR-like (AITRL) proteins in bryophytes and gymnosperms, are specifically presented in embryophytes. Therefore we renamed DRG as AITRL. Protoplast transfection assays show that AITRL functioned as a transcription repressor. In seed germination and seedling greening assays, the aitrl mutants showed an increased sensitivity to ABA. By using qRT-PCR, we show that ABA responses of some ABA signaling component genes including some PYR1-likes (PYLs), PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2Cs (PP2Cs) and SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 (SNF1)-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES 2s (SnRK2s) were reduced in the aitrl mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that AITRLs are a family of novel transcription repressors evolutionally conserved in embryophytes, and AITRL regulates ABA response in Arabidopsis by affecting ABA response of some ABA signaling component genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Ma
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hainan Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Rao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ganghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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25
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Wang W, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou G, Wang C, Hussain S, Adnan, Lin R, Wang T, Wang S. SlEAD1, an EAR motif-containing ABA down-regulated novel transcription repressor regulates ABA response in tomato. GM CROPS & FOOD 2020; 11:275-289. [PMID: 32706315 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1790287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
EAR motif-containing proteins are able to repress gene expression, therefore play important roles in regulating plants growth and development, plant response to environmental stimuli, as well as plant hormone signal transduction. ABA is a plant hormone that regulates abiotic stress tolerance in plants via signal transduction. ABA signaling via the PYR1/PYLs/RCARs receptors, the PP2Cs phosphatases, and SnRK2s protein kinases activates the ABF/AREB/ABI5-type bZIP transcription factors, resulting in the activation/repression of ABA response genes. However, functions of many ABA response genes remained largely unknown. We report here the identification of the ABA-responsive gene SlEAD1 (Solanum lycopersicum EAR motif-containing ABA down-regulated 1) as a novel EAR motif-containing transcription repressor gene in tomato. We found that the expression of SlEAD1 was down-regulated by ABA treatment, and SlEAD1 repressed reporter gene expression in transfected protoplasts. By using CRISPR gene editing, we generated transgene-free slead1 mutants and found that the mutants produced short roots. By using seed germination and root elongation assays, we examined ABA response of the slead1 mutants and found that ABA sensitivity in the mutants was increased. By using qRT-PCR, we further show that the expression of some of the ABA biosynthesis and signaling component genes were increased in the slead1 mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that SlEAD1 is an ABA response gene, that SlEAD1 is a novel EAR motif-containing transcription repressor, and that SlEAD1 negatively regulates ABA responses in tomato possibly by repressing the expression of some ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University , Linyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Xutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Ganghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Rao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University , Linyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, China
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26
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Chen KE, Chen HY, Tseng CS, Tsay YF. Improving nitrogen use efficiency by manipulating nitrate remobilization in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1126-1135. [PMID: 32868892 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is critical to improve crop yield, reduce N fertilizer demand and alleviate environmental pollution. N remobilization is a key component of NUE. The nitrate transporter NRT1.7 is responsible for loading excess nitrate stored in source leaves into phloem and facilitates nitrate allocation to sink leaves. Under N starvation, the nrt1.7 mutant exhibits growth retardation, indicating that NRT1.7-mediated source-to-sink remobilization of stored nitrate is important for sustaining growth in plants. To energize NRT1.7-mediated nitrate recycling, we introduced a hyperactive chimeric nitrate transporter NC4N driven by the NRT1.7 promoter into the nrt1.7 mutant. NRT1.7p::NC4N::3' transgenic plants accumulated more nitrate in younger leaves, and 15NO3- tracing analysis revealed that more 15N was remobilized into sink tissues. Consistently, transgenic Arabidopsis, tobacco and rice plants showed improved growth or yield. Our study suggests that enhancing source-to-sink nitrate remobilization represents a new strategy for enhancing NUE and crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-En Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Tseng
- Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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27
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Kuo HY, Kang FC, Wang YY. Glucosinolate Transporter1 involves in salt-induced jasmonate signaling and alleviates the repression of lateral root growth by salt in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110487. [PMID: 32563451 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress has negative impact on plant development and growth. Jasmonic acid (JA), a phytohormone, has been shown to involve in salt-induced inhibition of primary root growth. The Arabidopsis Glucosinolate transporter1 (GTR1/NPF2.10) is characterized as a JA-Ile, a bioactive form of JA, transporter. However, whether GTR1 participates in salt responses is not clear. In this study, we confirmed that GTR1 is induced by both JA and salinity. Salt-induced JA signaling is affected in gtr1 mutant. The JA responsive genes, JAZ1, JAZ5, MYC2, LOX3, are down-regulated in gtr1 mutant. Phenotypic analyses showed that the salinity-induced lateral root growth inhibition is enhanced in gtr1 mutant, suggesting that GTR1 plays a positive role in lateral root development under salt stress. Interestingly, the expression of a Na+ transporter, HKT1, is upregulated in gtr1. Since HKT1 is a negative regulator for lateral root development under salt stress, we proposed that GTR1 alleviates the repression of lateral root development by salt stress by mediating JA signaling and repressing HKT1 expression. This study demonstrates that GTR1 is the molecular link between salt stress, JA signaling, and lateral root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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28
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Wi J, Na Y, Yang E, Lee JH, Jeong WJ, Choi DW. Arabidopsis AtMPV17, a homolog of mice MPV17, enhances osmotic stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1341-1348. [PMID: 32647452 PMCID: PMC7326884 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutation in the human MPV17 gene or the functional yeast orthologue SYM1 result in mitochondrial DNA depletion. MPV17 homologs are also found in plants including Arabidopsis, but the function of these genes remain unclear. Arabidopsis genome contains 10 MPV17 homologs. Among these, the AtMPV17 protein was localized in mitochondria as MPV17 and SYM1. The yeast sym1 knock out mutant cannot grow on ethanol-containing medium at 37 °C. AtMPV17 complements the ethanol growth defection of sym1 yeast MPV17 ortholog cells at 37 °C, suggesting that AtMPV17 is a functional ortholog of SYM1. AtMPV17 knock out mutant, atmpv17 show similar growth and seed development to those of the wild-type plant on normal growth condition. However, atmpv17 mutant is more sensitive to ABA and mannitol during germination and seedling growth than wild type plants. Growth retardation of the atmpv17 knock out mutant on medium containing ABA and mannitol is complemented by AtMPV17 overexpression. These results suggest that the AtMPV17 contributes to osmotic stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Wi
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Na
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Yang
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joong Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woog Choi
- Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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29
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Ishishita K, Higa T, Tanaka H, Inoue SI, Chung A, Ushijima T, Matsushita T, Kinoshita T, Nakai M, Wada M, Suetsugu N, Gotoh E. Phototropin2 Contributes to the Chloroplast Avoidance Response at the Chloroplast-Plasma Membrane Interface. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:304-316. [PMID: 32193212 PMCID: PMC7210631 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Blue-light-induced chloroplast movements play an important role in maximizing light utilization for photosynthesis in plants. Under a weak light condition, chloroplasts accumulate to the cell surface to capture light efficiently (chloroplast accumulation response). Conversely, chloroplasts escape from strong light and move to the side wall to reduce photodamage (chloroplast avoidance response). The blue light receptor phototropin (phot) regulates these chloroplast movements and optimizes leaf photosynthesis by controlling other responses in addition to chloroplast movements. Seed plants such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have phot1 and phot2. They redundantly mediate phototropism, stomatal opening, leaf flattening, and the chloroplast accumulation response. However, the chloroplast avoidance response is induced by strong blue light and regulated primarily by phot2. Phots are localized mainly on the plasma membrane. However, a substantial amount of phot2 resides on the chloroplast outer envelope. Therefore, differentially localized phot2 might have different functions. To determine the functions of plasma membrane- and chloroplast envelope-localized phot2, we tethered it to these structures with their respective targeting signals. Plasma membrane-localized phot2 regulated phototropism, leaf flattening, stomatal opening, and chloroplast movements. Chloroplast envelope-localized phot2 failed to mediate phototropism, leaf flattening, and the chloroplast accumulation response but partially regulated the chloroplast avoidance response and stomatal opening. Based on the present and previous findings, we propose that phot2 localized at the interface between the plasma membrane and the chloroplasts is required for the chloroplast avoidance response and possibly for stomatal opening as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ishishita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Higa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Aeri Chung
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masato Nakai
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Wada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Gotoh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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30
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Ke YT, Lin KF, Gu CH, Yeh CH. Molecular Characterization and Expression Profile of PaCOL1, a CONSTANS-like Gene in Phalaenopsis Orchid. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9010068. [PMID: 31947959 PMCID: PMC7020484 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONSTANS (CO) and CONSTANS-like (COL) genes play important roles in coalescing signals from photoperiod and temperature pathways. However, the mechanism of CO and COLs involved in regulating the developmental stage transition and photoperiod/temperature senescing remains unclear. In this study, we identified a COL ortholog gene from the Taiwan native orchid Phalaenopsis aphrodite. The Phalaenopsis aphrodite CONSTANS-like 1 (PaCOL1) belongs to the B-box protein family and functions in the nucleus and cytosol. Expression profile analysis of Phalaenopsis aphrodite revealed that PaCOL1 was significantly expressed in leaves, but its accumulation was repressed during environmental temperature shifts. We found a differential profile for PaCOL1 accumulation, with peak accumulation at late afternoon and at the middle of the night. Arabidopsis with PaCOL1 overexpression showed earlier flowering under short-day (SD) conditions (8 h/23 °C light and 16 h/23 °C dark) but similar flowering time under long-day (LD) conditions (16 h/23 °C light and 8 h/23 °C dark). Transcriptome sequencing revealed several genes upregulated in PaCOL1-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants that were previously involved in flowering regulation of the photoperiod pathway. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) analysis and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis revealed that PaCOL1 could interact with a crucial clock-associated regulator, AtCCA1, and a flowering repressor, AtFLC. Furthermore, expressing PaCOL1 in cca1.lhy partially reversed the mutant flowering time under photoperiod treatment, which confirms the role of PaCOL1 function in the rhythmic associated factors for modulating flowering.
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31
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Hwang JE, Hwang SG, Jung IJ, Han SM, Ahn JW, Kim JB. Overexpression of rice F-box protein OsFBX322 confers increased sensitivity to gamma irradiation in Arabidopsis. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 43:e20180273. [PMID: 31479093 PMCID: PMC7251472 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has a substantial effect on physiological and biochemical
processes in plants via induction of transcriptional changes and diverse genetic
alterations. Previous microarray analysis showed that rice
OsFBX322, which encodes a rice F-box protein, was
downregulated in response to three types of ionizing radiation: gamma
irradiation, ion beams, and cosmic rays. In order to characterize the
radiation-responsive genes in rice, OsFBX322 was selected for
further analysis. OsFBX322 expression patterns in response to
radiation were confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. Transient expression of a
GFP-OsFBX322 fusion protein in tobacco leaf epidermis indicated that OsFBX322 is
localized to the nucleus. To determine the effect of OsFBX322
expression on radiation response, OsFBX322 was overexpressed in
Arabidopsis. Transgenic overexpression lines were more
sensitive to gamma irradiation than control plants. These results suggest that
OsFBX322 plays a negative role in the defense response to
radiation in plants. In addition, we obtained four co-expression genes of
OsFBX322 by specific co-expression networks using the
ARANCE. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the four genes were also downregulated
after exposure to the three types of radiation. These results imply that the
co-expressed genes may serve as key regulators in the radiation response pathway
in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Hwang
- National Institute of Ecology, Research Center for Endangered Species, Division of Restoration Research, Yeongyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Goo Hwang
- Kangwon Natl University, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Plant Genomics Lab, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Jung
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Han
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Woo Ahn
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
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32
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Huang S, Zhang A, Jin JB, Zhao B, Wang TJ, Wu Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Wang J, Guo P, Ahmad R, Liu B, Xu ZY. Arabidopsis histone H3K4 demethylase JMJ17 functions in dehydration stress response. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1372-1387. [PMID: 31038749 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under dehydration in plants, antagonistic activities of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase and histone demethylase maintain a dynamic and homeostatic state of gene expression by orientating transcriptional reprogramming toward growth or stress tolerance. However, the histone demethylase that specifically controls histone methylation homeostasis under dehydration stress remains unknown. Here, we document that a histone demethylase, JMJ17, belonging to the KDM5/JARID1 family, plays crucial roles in response to dehydration stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in Arabidopsis thaliana. jmj17 loss-of-function mutants displayed dehydration stress tolerance and ABA hypersensitivity in terms of stomatal closure. JMJ17 specifically demethylated H3K4me1/2/3 via conserved iron-binding amino acids in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, H3K4 demethylase activity of JMJ17 was required for dehydration stress response. Systematic combination of genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses revealed that a loss-of-function mutation in JMJ17 caused an ectopic increase in genome-wide H3K4me3 levels and activated a plethora of dehydration stress-responsive genes. Importantly, JMJ17 bound directly to the chromatin of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) and demethylated H3K4me3 for the regulation of OST1 mRNA abundance, thereby modulating the dehydration stress response. Our results demonstrate a new function of a histone demethylase under dehydration stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangzhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Tian-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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33
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Kim J, Na YJ, Park SJ, Baek SH, Kim DH. Biogenesis of chloroplast outer envelope membrane proteins. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:783-792. [PMID: 30671649 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most organisms on Earth use glucose, a photosynthetic product, as energy source. The chloroplast, the home of photosynthesis, is the most representative and characteristic organelle in plants and is enclosed by the outer envelope and inner envelope membranes. The chloroplast biogenesis and unique functions are very closely associated with proteins in the two envelope membranes of the chloroplast. Especially, the chloroplast outer envelope membrane proteins have important roles in signal transduction, protein import, lipid biosynthesis and remodeling, exchange of ions and numerous metabolites, plastid division, movement, and host defense. Therefore, biogenesis of these membrane proteins of chloroplast outer envelope membrane is very important for biogenesis of the entire chloroplast proteome as well as plant development. Most proteins among the outer envelope membrane proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and are post-translationally targeted to the chloroplast outer envelope membrane. In this process, cytoplasmic receptor and import machineries are required for efficient and correct targeting of these membrane proteins. In this review, we have summarized recent advances on the sorting, targeting, and insertion mechanisms of the outer envelope membrane proteins of chloroplasts and also provide future direction of the study on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghak Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Na
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Biological Sciences and Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Baek
- Department of Well-being Resources, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Dae Heon Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, South Korea.
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34
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Teresinski HJ, Gidda SK, Nguyen TND, Howard NJM, Porter BK, Grimberg N, Smith MD, Andrews DW, Dyer JM, Mullen RT. An RK/ST C-Terminal Motif is Required for Targeting of OEP7.2 and a Subset of Other Arabidopsis Tail-Anchored Proteins to the Plastid Outer Envelope Membrane. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:516-537. [PMID: 30521026 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are a unique class of integral membrane proteins that possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain and target post-translationally to the specific organelles at which they function. While significant advances have been made in recent years in elucidating the mechanisms and molecular targeting signals involved in the proper sorting of TA proteins, particularly to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, relatively little is known about the targeting of TA proteins to the plastid outer envelope. Here we show that several known or predicted plastid TA outer envelope proteins (OEPs) in Arabidopsis possess a C-terminal RK/ST sequence motif that serves as a conserved element of their plastid targeting signal. Evidence for this conclusion comes primarily from experiments with OEP7.2, which is a member of the Arabidopsis 7 kDa OEP family. We confirmed that OEP7.2 is localized to the plastid outer envelope and possesses a TA topology, and its C-terminal sequence (CTS), which includes the RK/ST motif, is essential for proper targeting to plastids. The CTS of OEP7.2 is functionally interchangeable with the CTSs of other TA OEPs that possess similar RK/ST motifs, but not with those that lack the motif. Further, a bioinformatics search based on a consensus sequence led to the identification of several new OEP TA proteins. Collectively, this study provides new insight into the mechanisms of TA protein sorting in plant cells, defines a new targeting signal element for a subset of TA OEPs and expands the number and repertoire of TA proteins at the plastid outer envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Teresinski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satinder K Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thuy N D Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naomi J Marty Howard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany K Porter
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Grimberg
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Day PM, Theg SM. Evolution of protein transport to the chloroplast envelope membranes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:315-326. [PMID: 30291507 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are descendants of an ancient endosymbiotic cyanobacterium that lived inside a eukaryotic cell. They inherited the prokaryotic double membrane envelope from cyanobacteria. This envelope contains prokaryotic protein sorting machineries including a Sec translocase and relatives of the central component of the bacterial outer membrane β-barrel assembly module. As the endosymbiont was integrated with the rest of the cell, the synthesis of most of its proteins shifted from the stroma to the host cytosol. This included nearly all the envelope proteins identified so far. Consequently, the overall biogenesis of the chloroplast envelope must be distinct from cyanobacteria. Envelope proteins initially approach their functional locations from the exterior rather than the interior. In many cases, they have been shown to use components of the general import pathway that also serves the stroma and thylakoids. If the ancient prokaryotic protein sorting machineries are still used for chloroplast envelope proteins, their activities must have been modified or combined with the general import pathway. In this review, we analyze the current knowledge pertaining to chloroplast envelope biogenesis and compare this to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Day
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Theg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA.
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36
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Kikuchi S, Asakura Y, Imai M, Nakahira Y, Kotani Y, Hashiguchi Y, Nakai Y, Takafuji K, Bédard J, Hirabayashi-Ishioka Y, Mori H, Shiina T, Nakai M. A Ycf2-FtsHi Heteromeric AAA-ATPase Complex Is Required for Chloroplast Protein Import. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2677-2703. [PMID: 30309901 PMCID: PMC6305978 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts import thousands of nucleus-encoded preproteins synthesized in the cytosol through the TOC and TIC translocons on the outer and inner envelope membranes, respectively. Preprotein translocation across the inner membrane requires ATP; however, the import motor has remained unclear. Here, we report that a 2-MD heteromeric AAA-ATPase complex associates with the TIC complex and functions as the import motor, directly interacting with various translocating preproteins. This 2-MD complex consists of a protein encoded by the previously enigmatic chloroplast gene ycf2 and five related nuclear-encoded FtsH-like proteins, namely, FtsHi1, FtsHi2, FtsHi4, FtsHi5, and FtsH12. These components are each essential for plant viability and retain the AAA-type ATPase domain, but only FtsH12 contains the zinc binding active site generally conserved among FtsH-type metalloproteases. Furthermore, even the FtsH12 zinc binding site is dispensable for its essential function. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that all AAA-type members of the Ycf2/FtsHi complex including Ycf2 evolved from the chloroplast-encoded membrane-bound AAA-protease FtsH of the ancestral endosymbiont. The Ycf2/FtsHi complex also contains an NAD-malate dehydrogenase, a proposed key enzyme for ATP production in chloroplasts in darkness or in nonphotosynthetic plastids. These findings advance our understanding of this ATP-driven protein translocation system that is unique to the green lineage of photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kikuchi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukari Asakura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Midori Imai
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakahira
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-cho, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kotani
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hashiguchi
- Department of Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yumi Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takafuji
- CoMIT Omics Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jocelyn Bédard
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Mori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- School of Human Environment Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Negi J, Munemasa S, Song B, Tadakuma R, Fujita M, Azoulay-Shemer T, Engineer CB, Kusumi K, Nishida I, Schroeder JI, Iba K. Eukaryotic lipid metabolic pathway is essential for functional chloroplasts and CO 2 and light responses in Arabidopsis guard cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9038-9043. [PMID: 30127035 PMCID: PMC6130404 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810458115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal guard cells develop unique chloroplasts in land plant species. However, the developmental mechanisms and function of chloroplasts in guard cells remain unclear. In seed plants, chloroplast membrane lipids are synthesized via two pathways: the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways. Here we report the central contribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived chloroplast lipids, which are synthesized through the eukaryotic lipid metabolic pathway, in the development of functional guard cell chloroplasts. We gained insight into this pathway by isolating and examining an Arabidopsis mutant, gles1 (green less stomata 1), which had achlorophyllous stomatal guard cells and impaired stomatal responses to CO2 and light. The GLES1 gene encodes a small glycine-rich protein, which is a putative regulatory component of the trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (TGD) protein complex that mediates ER-to-chloroplast lipid transport via the eukaryotic pathway. Lipidomic analysis revealed that in the wild type, the prokaryotic pathway is dysfunctional, specifically in guard cells, whereas in gles1 guard cells, the eukaryotic pathway is also abrogated. CO2-induced stomatal closing and activation of guard cell S-type anion channels that drive stomatal closure were disrupted in gles1 guard cells. In conclusion, the eukaryotic lipid pathway plays an essential role in the development of a sensing/signaling machinery for CO2 and light in guard cell chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan;
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Boseok Song
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tadakuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Cawas B Engineer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kensuke Kusumi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nishida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 338-8570 Saitama, Japan
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan;
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38
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Liu C, Jing Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Yang L, Fu A, Shi J, Zhao F, Lan W, Luan S. Inner Envelope CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER 1 Supports Manganese Homeostasis and Phototrophic Growth in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:943-954. [PMID: 29734003 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential catalytic metal in the Mn-cluster that oxidizes water to produce oxygen during photosynthesis. However, the transport protein(s) responsible for Mn2+ import into the chloroplast remains unknown. Here, we report the characterization of Arabidopsis CMT1 (Chloroplast Manganese Transporter 1), an evolutionarily conserved protein in the Uncharacterized Protein Family 0016 (UPF0016), that is required for manganese accumulation into the chloroplast. CMT1 is expressed primarily in green tissues, and its encoded product is localized in the inner envelope membrane of the chloroplast. Disruption of CMT1 in the T-DNA insertional mutant cmt1-1 resulted in stunted plant growth, defective thylakoid stacking, and severe reduction of photosystem II complexes and photosynthetic activity. Consistent with reduced oxygen evolution capacity, the mutant chloroplasts contained less manganese than the wild-type ones. In support of its function as a Mn transporter, CMT1 protein supported the growth and enabled Mn2+ accumulation in the yeast cells of Mn2+-uptake deficient mutant (Δsmf1). Taken together, our results indicate that CMT1 functions as an inner envelope Mn transporter responsible for chloroplast Mn2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congge Liu
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Identification and Characterization of the MADS-Box Genes and Their Contribution to Flower Organ in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040193. [PMID: 29617274 PMCID: PMC5924535 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dianthus is a large genus containing many species with high ornamental economic value. Extensive breeding strategies permitted an exploration of an improvement in the quality of cultivated carnation, particularly in flowers. However, little is known on the molecular mechanisms of flower development in carnation. Here, we report the identification and description of MADS-box genes in carnation (DcaMADS) with a focus on those involved in flower development and organ identity determination. In this study, 39 MADS-box genes were identified from the carnation genome and transcriptome by the phylogenetic analysis. These genes were categorized into four subgroups (30 MIKCc, two MIKC*, two Mα, and five Mγ). The MADS-box domain, gene structure, and conserved motif compositions of the carnation MADS genes were analysed. Meanwhile, the expression of DcaMADS genes were significantly different in stems, leaves, and flower buds. Further studies were carried out for exploring the expression of DcaMADS genes in individual flower organs, and some crucial DcaMADS genes correlated with their putative function were validated. Finally, a new expression pattern of DcaMADS genes in flower organs of carnation was provided: sepal (three class E genes and two class A genes), petal (two class B genes, two class E genes, and one SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)), stamen (two class B genes, two class E genes, and two class C), styles (two class E genes and two class C), and ovary (two class E genes, two class C, one AGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (AGL6), one SEEDSTICK (STK), one B sister, one SVP, and one Mα). This result proposes a model in floral organ identity of carnation and it may be helpful to further explore the molecular mechanism of flower organ identity in carnation.
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Kim SY, Hyoung S, So WM, Shin JS. The novel transcription factor TRP interacts with ZFP5, a trichome initiation-related transcription factor, and negatively regulates trichome initiation through gibberellic acid signaling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:315-326. [PMID: 29335898 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The trichome-related protein (TRP) is a novel transcription factor (TF) that negatively regulates trichome initiation-related TFs through gibberellin (GA) signaling. Trichomes, which are outgrowths of leaf epidermal cells, provide the plant with a first line of defense against damage from herbivores and reduce transpiration. The initiation and development of trichomes are regulated by a network of positively or negatively regulating transcription factors (TFs). However, little information is currently available on transcriptional regulation related to trichome formation. Here, we report a novel TF Trichome-Related Protein (TRP) that was observed to negatively regulate the trichome initiation-related TFs through gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. ProTRP:GUS revealed that TRP was only expressed in the trichome. The TRP loss-of-function mutant (trp) had an increased number of trichomes on the flower, cauline leaves, and main inflorescence stems compared to the wild-type. In contrast, TRP overexpression lines (TRP-Ox) exhibited a decreased number of trichomes on cauline leaves and main inflorescence stem following treatment with exogenous GA. Moreover, the expressions of trichome initiation regulators (GIS, GIS2, ZFP8, GL1, and GL3) increased in trp plants but decreased in TRP-Ox lines after GA treatment. TRP was observed to physically interact with ZFP5, a C2H2 TF that controls trichome cell development through GA signaling, both in vivo and in vitro. Based on these results, we suggest that TRP functions upstream of the trichome initiation regulators and represses the binding of ZFP5 to the ZFP8 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Youn Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Hyoung
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Mi So
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sheop Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DW, Yoo YJ, Razzak MA, Hwang I. Prolines in Transit Peptides Are Crucial for Efficient Preprotein Translocation into Chloroplasts. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:663-677. [PMID: 29158328 PMCID: PMC5761803 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts import many preproteins that can be classified based on their physicochemical properties. The cleavable N-terminal transit peptide (TP) of chloroplast preproteins contains all the information required for import into chloroplasts through Toc/Tic translocons. The question of whether and how the physicochemical properties of preproteins affect TP-mediated import into chloroplasts has not been elucidated. Here, we present evidence that Pro residues in TP mediate efficient translocation through the chloroplast envelope membranes for proteins containing transmembrane domains (TMDs) or proteins prone to aggregation. By contrast, the translocation of soluble proteins through the chloroplast envelope membranes is less dependent on TP prolines. Proless TPs failed to mediate protein translocation into chloroplasts; instead, these mutant TPs led to protein mistargeting to the chloroplast envelope membranes or nonspecific protein aggregation during import into chloroplasts. The mistargeting of TMD-containing proteins caused by Pro-less TPs in wild-type protoplasts was mimicked by wild-type TPs in hsp93-V protoplasts, in which preprotein translocation is compromised. We propose that the physicochemical properties of chloroplast proteins affect protein translocation through the chloroplast envelope, and prolines in TP have a crucial role in the efficient translocation of TMD-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, and Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Yun-Joo Yoo
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, and Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Md Abdur Razzak
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, and Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, and Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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Lee DW, Lee J, Hwang I. Sorting of nuclear-encoded chloroplast membrane proteins. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:1-7. [PMID: 28668581 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the many organelles in eukaryotic cells, chloroplasts have the most complex structure, with multiple suborganellar membranes, making protein targeting to chloroplasts, particularly to various suborganellar membranes, highly challenging. Multiple mechanisms function in the biogenesis of chloroplast membrane proteins. Nuclear-encoded nascent proteins can be targeted to the outer envelope membrane directly from the cytosol after translation, but their targeting to the inner envelope and thylakoid membranes requires multiple steps, including cytosolic sorting, translocation across the envelope membranes, sorting in the stroma, and insertion into their target membranes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the sorting mechanisms of proteins to the two envelope membranes and the thylakoid membrane, along with perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Melencion SMB, Chi YH, Pham TT, Paeng SK, Wi SD, Lee C, Ryu SW, Koo SS, Lee SY. RNA Chaperone Function of a Universal Stress Protein in Arabidopsis Confers Enhanced Cold Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122546. [PMID: 29186920 PMCID: PMC5751149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of Arabidopsis thaliana universal stress protein (AtUSP) in plant has remained unclear. Thus, we report here the functional role of the Arabidopsis universal stress protein, AtUSP (At3g53990). To determine how AtUSP affects physiological responses towards cold stress, AtUSP overexpression (AtUSP OE) and T-DNA insertion knock-out (atusp, SALK_146059) mutant lines were used. The results indicated that AtUSP OE enhanced plant tolerance to cold stress, whereas atusp did not. AtUSP is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and cold stress significantly affects RNA metabolism such as by misfolding and secondary structure changes of RNA. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of AtUSP with RNA metabolism. We found that AtUSP can bind nucleic acids, including single- and double-stranded DNA and luciferase mRNA. AtUSP also displayed strong nucleic acid-melting activity. We expressed AtUSP in RL211 Escherichia coli, which contains a hairpin-loop RNA structure upstream of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), and observed that AtUSP exhibited anti-termination activity that enabled CAT gene expression. AtUSP expression in the cold-sensitive Escherichia coli (E. coli) mutant BX04 complemented the cold sensitivity of the mutant cells. As these properties are typical characteristics of RNA chaperones, we conclude that AtUSP functions as a RNA chaperone under cold-shock conditions. Thus, the enhanced tolerance of AtUSP OE lines to cold stress is mediated by the RNA chaperone function of AtUSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mae Boyles Melencion
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Yong Hun Chi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Thuy Thi Pham
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Seol Ki Paeng
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Seong Dong Wi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Changyu Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Seoung Woo Ryu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Sung Sun Koo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Tanaka H, Sato M, Ogasawara Y, Hamashima N, Buchner O, Holzinger A, Toyooka K, Kodama Y. Chloroplast aggregation during the cold-positioning response in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28634853 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Under low-light conditions, chloroplasts localize along periclinal cell walls at temperatures near 20 °C, but they localize along anticlinal cell walls near 5 °C. This phenomenon is known as the cold-positioning response. We previously showed that chloroplasts move as aggregates rather than individually during the cold-positioning response in the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris. This observation suggested that chloroplasts physically interact with each other during the cold-positioning response. However, the physiological processes underlying chloroplast aggregation are unclear. In this report, we characterized chloroplast aggregation during the cold-positioning response in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Confocal laser microscopy observations of transgenic liverwort plants expressing a fluorescent fusion protein that localizes to the chloroplast outer envelope membrane (OEP7-Citrine) showed that neighboring chloroplast membranes did not fuse during the cold-positioning response. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that a distance of at least 10 nm was maintained between neighboring chloroplasts during aggregation. These results indicate that aggregated chloroplasts do not fuse, but maintain a distance of at least 10 nm from each other during the cold-positioning response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
- Collaboration Center for Research and Development, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogasawara
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Noriko Hamashima
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Othmar Buchner
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
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45
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Osaki Y, Kodama Y. Particle bombardment and subcellular protein localization analysis in the aquatic plant Egeria densa. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3779. [PMID: 28894649 PMCID: PMC5592081 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle bombardment is a powerful and relatively easy method for transient expression of genes of interest in plant cells, especially those that are recalcitrant to other transformation methods. This method has facilitated numerous analyses of subcellular localization of fluorescent fusion protein constructs. Particle bombardment delivers genes to the first layer of plant tissue. In leaves of higher plants, epidermal cells are the first cell layer. Many studies have used the epidermal cell layer of onion bulb (Allium cepa) as the experimental tissue, because these cells are relatively large. However, onion epidermal cells lack developed plastids (i.e., chloroplasts), thereby precluding subcellular localization analysis of chloroplastic proteins. In this study, we developed a protocol for particle bombardment of the aquatic plant Egeria densa, and showed that it is a useful system for subcellular localization analysis of higher plant proteins. E. densa leaflets contain only two cell layers, and cells in the adaxial layer are sufficiently large for observation. The cells in both layers contain well-developed chloroplasts. We fused fluorescent proteins to conventional plant localization signals for the nucleus, cytosol, mitochondria, peroxisome, and chloroplast, and used particle bombardment to transiently express these fusion constructs in E. densa leaves. The plant subcellular localization signals functioned normally and displayed the expected distributions in transiently transformed E. densa cells, and even chloroplastic structures could be clearly visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Osaki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
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46
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Huang CY, Huang AHC. Unique Motifs and Length of Hairpin in Oleosin Target the Cytosolic Side of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Budding Lipid Droplet. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:2248-2260. [PMID: 28611060 PMCID: PMC5543949 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) are covered with a layer of phospholipids and oleosin and were extensively studied before those in mammals and yeast. Oleosin has short amphipathic N- and C-terminal peptides flanking a conserved 72-residue hydrophobic hairpin, which penetrates and stabilizes the LD Oleosin is synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and extracts ER-budding LDs to cytosol. To delineate the mechanism of oleosin targeting ER-LD, we have expressed modified-oleosin genes in Physcomitrella patens for transient expression and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY2 cells for stable transformation. The results have identified oleosin motifs for targeting ER-LD and oleosin as the sole molecule responsible for budding-LD entering cytosol. Both the N-terminal and C-terminal peptides are not required for the targeting. The hairpin, including its entire length, initial N-portion residues, and hairpin-loop of three Pro and one Ser residues, as well as the absence of an N-terminal ER-targeting peptide, are necessary for oleosin targeting ER and moving onto budding LDs and extracting them to cytosol. In a reverse approach, eliminations of these necessities allow the modified oleosin to enter the ER lumen and extract budding LDs to the ER lumen. Modified oleosin with an added vacuole signal peptide transports the ER-luminal LDs to vacuoles. The overall findings define the mechanism of oleosin targeting ER-LDs and extracting budding LDs to the cytosol as well as reveal potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Anthony H C Huang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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47
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Izumi M, Ishida H, Nakamura S, Hidema J. Entire Photodamaged Chloroplasts Are Transported to the Central Vacuole by Autophagy. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:377-394. [PMID: 28123106 PMCID: PMC5354188 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Turnover of dysfunctional organelles is vital to maintain homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. As photosynthetic organelles, plant chloroplasts can suffer sunlight-induced damage. However, the process for turnover of entire damaged chloroplasts remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy is responsible for the elimination of sunlight-damaged, collapsed chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana We found that vacuolar transport of entire chloroplasts, termed chlorophagy, was induced by UV-B damage to the chloroplast apparatus. This transport did not occur in autophagy-defective atg mutants, which exhibited UV-B-sensitive phenotypes and accumulated collapsed chloroplasts. Use of a fluorescent protein marker of the autophagosomal membrane allowed us to image autophagosome-mediated transport of entire chloroplasts to the central vacuole. In contrast to sugar starvation, which preferentially induced distinct type of chloroplast-targeted autophagy that transports a part of stroma via the Rubisco-containing body (RCB) pathway, photooxidative damage induced chlorophagy without prior activation of RCB production. We further showed that chlorophagy is induced by chloroplast damage caused by either artificial visible light or natural sunlight. Thus, this report establishes that an autophagic process eliminates entire chloroplasts in response to light-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Izumi
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 332-0012 Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 981-8555 Sendai, Japan
| | - Sakuya Nakamura
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
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Lee KR, Lee Y, Kim EH, Lee SB, Roh KH, Kim JB, Kang HC, Kim HU. Functional identification of oleate 12-desaturase and ω-3 fatty acid desaturase genes from Perilla frutescens var. frutescens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2523-2537. [PMID: 27637203 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We described identification, expression, subcellular localization, and functions of genes that encode fatty acid desaturase enzymes in Perilla frutescens var. frutescens. Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) seeds contain approximately 40 % of oil, of which α-linolenic acid (18:3) comprise more than 60 % in seed oil and 56 % of total fatty acids (FAs) in leaf, respectively. In perilla, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized and chloroplast-localized ω-3 FA desaturase genes (PfrFAD3 and PfrFAD7, respectively) have already been reported, however, microsomal oleate 12-desaturase gene (PfrFAD2) has not yet. Here, four perilla FA desaturase genes, PfrFAD2-1, PfrFAD2-2, PfrFAD3-2 and PfrFAD7-2, were newly identified and characterized using random amplification of complementary DNA ends and sequence data from RNAseq analysis, respectively. According to the data of transcriptome and gene cloning, perilla expresses two PfrFAD2 and PfrFAD3 genes, respectively, coding for proteins that possess three histidine boxes, transmembrane domains, and an ER retrieval motif at its C-terminal, and two chloroplast-localized ω-3 FA desaturase genes, PfrFAD7-1 and PfrFAD7-2. Arabidopsis protoplasts transformed with perilla genes fused to green fluorescence protein gene demonstrated that PfrFAD2-1 and PfrFAD3-2 were localized in the ER, and PfrFAD7-1 and PfrFAD7-2 were localized in the chloroplasts. PfrFAD2 and perilla ω-3 FA desaturases were functional in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) indicated by the presence of 18:2 and 16:2 in yeast harboring the PfrFAD2 gene. 18:2 supplementation of yeast harboring ω-3 FA desaturase gene led to the production of 18:3. Therefore, perilla expresses two functional FAD2 and FAD3 genes, and two chloroplast-localized ω-3 FA desaturase genes, which support an evidence that P. frutescens cultivar is allotetraploid plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjik Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Bee Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Roh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Chul Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Wu JF, Tsai HL, Joanito I, Wu YC, Chang CW, Li YH, Wang Y, Hong JC, Chu JW, Hsu CP, Wu SH. LWD-TCP complex activates the morning gene CCA1 in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13181. [PMID: 27734958 PMCID: PMC5065627 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A double-negative feedback loop formed by the morning genes CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1)/LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and the evening gene TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1) contributes to regulation of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis. A 24-h circadian cycle starts with the peak expression of CCA1 at dawn. Although CCA1 is targeted by multiple transcriptional repressors, including PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR9 (PRR9), PRR7, PRR5 and CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE), activators of CCA1 remain elusive. Here we use mathematical modelling to infer a co-activator role for LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) in CCA1 expression. We show that the TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1-CYCLOIDEA-PCF20 (TCP20) and TCP22 proteins act as LWD-interacting transcriptional activators. The concomitant binding of LWD1 and TCP20/TCP22 to the TCP-binding site in the CCA1 promoter activates CCA1. Our study reveals activators of the morning gene CCA1 and provides an action mechanism that ensures elevated expression of CCA1 at dawn to sustain a robust clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fen Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Lung Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ignasius Joanito
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wen Chang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hang Li
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, South Carolina MO 65211-7310, USA
| | - Jhih-Wei Chu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and System Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Park Y, Xu ZY, Kim SY, Lee J, Choi B, Lee J, Kim H, Sim HJ, Hwang I. Spatial Regulation of ABCG25, an ABA Exporter, Is an Important Component of the Mechanism Controlling Cellular ABA Levels. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2528-2544. [PMID: 27697789 PMCID: PMC5134978 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, including responses to abiotic stresses, in plants. Recently, multiple ABA transporters were identified. The loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants of these transporters show altered ABA sensitivity and stomata regulation, highlighting the importance of ABA transporters in ABA-mediated processes. However, how the activity of these transporters is regulated remains elusive. Here, we show that spatial regulation of ATP BINDING CASETTE G25 (ABCG25), an ABA exporter, is an important mechanism controlling its activity. ABCG25, as a soluble green fluorescent protein (sGFP) fusion, was subject to posttranslational regulation via clathrin-dependent and adaptor protein complex-2-dependent endocytosis followed by trafficking to the vacuole. The levels of sGFP:ABCG25 at the plasma membrane (PM) were regulated by abiotic stresses and exogenously applied ABA; PM-localized sGFP:ABCG25 decreased under abiotic stress conditions via activation of endocytosis in an ABA-independent manner, but increased upon application of exogenous ABA via activation of recycling from early endosomes in an ABA-dependent manner. Based on these findings, we propose that the spatial regulation of ABCG25 is an important component of the mechanism by which plants fine-tune cellular ABA levels according to cellular and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jihyeong Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Bongsoo Choi
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Juhun Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering Institute for Basic Science, Yuseong-gu 305-811, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Center for Genome Engineering Institute for Basic Science, Yuseong-gu 305-811, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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