1
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Dietz KJ, Vogelsang L. A general concept of quantitative abiotic stress sensing. Trends Plant Sci 2024; 29:319-328. [PMID: 37591742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants often encounter stress in their environment. For appropriate responses to particular stressors, cells rely on sensory mechanisms that detect emerging stress. Considering sensor and signal amplification characteristics, a single sensor system hardly covers the entire stress range encountered by plants (e.g., salinity, drought, temperature stress). A dual system comprising stress-specific sensors and a general quantitative stress sensory system is proposed to enable the plant to optimize its response. The quantitative stress sensory system exploits the redox and reactive oxygen species (ROS) network by altering the oxidation and reduction rates of individual redox-active molecules under stress impact. The proposed mechanism of quantitative stress sensing also fits the requirement of dealing with multifactorial stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Josef Dietz
- Bielefeld University, Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Bielefeld University, Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Ito T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Degradation of glutathione and glutathione conjugates in plants. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:3313-3327. [PMID: 36651789 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous, abundant, and indispensable thiol for plants that participates in various biological processes, such as scavenging reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, storage and transport of sulfur, detoxification of harmful substances, and metabolism of several compounds. Therefore knowledge of GSH metabolism is essential for plant science. Nevertheless, GSH degradation has been insufficiently elucidated, and this has hampered our understanding of plant life. Over the last five decades, the γ-glutamyl cycle has been dominant in GSH studies, and the exoenzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase has been regarded as the major GSH degradation enzyme. However, recent studies have shown that GSH is degraded in cells by cytosolic enzymes such as γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase or γ-glutamyl peptidase. Meanwhile, a portion of GSH is degraded after conjugation with other molecules, which has also been found to be carried out by vacuolar γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, γ-glutamyl peptidase, or phytochelatin synthase. These findings highlight the need to re-assess previous assumptions concerning the γ-glutamyl cycle, and a novel overview of the plant GSH degradation pathway is essential. This review aims to build a foundation for future studies by summarizing current understanding of GSH/glutathione conjugate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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3
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Rai GK, Kumar P, Choudhary SM, Singh H, Adab K, Kosser R, Magotra I, Kumar RR, Singh M, Sharma R, Corrado G, Rouphael Y. Antioxidant Potential of Glutathione and Crosstalk with Phytohormones in Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1133. [PMID: 36903992 PMCID: PMC10005112 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant tripeptide that can enhance plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Its main role is to counter free radicals and detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in cells under unfavorable conditions. Moreover, along with other second messengers (such as ROS, calcium, nitric oxide, cyclic nucleotides, etc.), GSH also acts as a cellular signal involved in stress signal pathways in plants, directly or along with the glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems. While associated biochemical activities and roles in cellular stress response have been widely presented, the relationship between phytohormones and GSH has received comparatively less attention. This review, after presenting glutathione as part of plants' feedback to main abiotic stress factors, focuses on the interaction between GSH and phytohormones, and their roles in the modulation of the acclimatation and tolerance to abiotic stress in crops plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
| | - Sadiya M. Choudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Hira Singh
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Komal Adab
- Department of Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri 185131, India
| | - Rafia Kosser
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Isha Magotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Monika Singh
- GLBajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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4
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Mackenzie SA, Mullineaux PM. Plant environmental sensing relies on specialized plastids. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:7155-7164. [PMID: 35994779 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants, plastids are thought to interconvert to various forms that are specialized for photosynthesis, starch and oil storage, and diverse pigment accumulation. Post-endosymbiotic evolution has led to adaptations and specializations within plastid populations that align organellar functions with different cellular properties in primary and secondary metabolism, plant growth, organ development, and environmental sensing. Here, we review the plastid biology literature in light of recent reports supporting a class of 'sensory plastids' that are specialized for stress sensing and signaling. Abundant literature indicates that epidermal and vascular parenchyma plastids display shared features of dynamic morphology, proteome composition, and plastid-nuclear interaction that facilitate environmental sensing and signaling. These findings have the potential to reshape our understanding of plastid functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
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5
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Xiang X, Hu B, Pu Z, Wang L, Leustek T, Li C. Co-overexpression of AtSAT1 and EcPAPR improves seed nutritional value in maize. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:969763. [PMID: 36186039 PMCID: PMC9520583 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Maize seeds synthesize insufficient levels of the essential amino acid methionine (Met) to support animal and livestock growth. Serine acetyltransferase1 (SAT1) and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase (PAPR) are key control points for sulfur assimilation into Cys and Met biosynthesis. Two high-MET maize lines pRbcS:AtSAT1 and pRbcS:EcPAPR were obtained through metabolic engineering recently, and their total Met was increased by 1.4- and 1.57-fold, respectively, compared to the wild type. The highest Met maize line, pRbcS:AtSAT1-pRbcS:EcPAPR, was created by stacking the two transgenes, causing total Met to increase 2.24-fold. However, the pRbcS:AtSAT1-pRbcS:EcPAPR plants displayed progressively severe defects in plant growth, including early senescence, stunting, and dwarfing, indicating that excessive sulfur assimilation has an adverse effect on plant development. To explore the mechanism of correlation between Met biosynthesis in maize leaves and storage proteins in developing endosperm, the transcriptomes of the sixth leaf at stage V9 and 18 DAP endosperm of pRbcS:AtSAT1, pRbcS:AtSAT1-pRbcS:EcPAPR, and the null segregants were quantified and analyzed. In pRbcS:AtSAT1-pRbcS:EcPAPR, 3274 genes in leaves (1505 up- and 1769 downregulated) and 679 genes in the endosperm (327 up- and 352 downregulated) were differentially expressed. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) analyses revealed that many genes were associated with Met homeostasis, including transcription factors and genes involved in cysteine and Met metabolism, glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and oxidation-reduction. The data from gene network analysis demonstrated that two genes, serine/threonine-protein kinase (CCR3) and heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP), were localized in the core of the leaves and endosperm regulation networks, respectively. The results of this study provide insights into the diverse mechanisms that underlie the ideal establishment of enhanced Met levels in maize seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Xiang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Binhua Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Pu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanying Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Thomas Leustek
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Changsheng Li
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Khan MS, Soyk A, Wolf I, Peter M, Meyer AJ, Rausch T, Wirtz M, Hell R. Discriminative Long-Distance Transport of Selenate and Selenite Triggers Glutathione Oxidation in Specific Subcellular Compartments of Root and Shoot Cells in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:894479. [PMID: 35812960 PMCID: PMC9263558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element required for seleno-protein synthesis in many eukaryotic cells excluding higher plants. However, a substantial fraction of organically bound selenide in human nutrition is directly or indirectly derived from plants, which assimilate inorganic selenium into organic seleno-compounds. In humans, selenium deficiency is associated with several health disorders Despite its importance for human health, selenium assimilation and metabolism is barely understood in plants. Here, we analyzed the impact of the two dominant forms of soil-available selenium, selenite and selenate, on plant development and selenium partitioning in plants. We found that the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana discriminated between selenate and selenite application. In contrast to selenite, selenate was predominantly deposited in leaves. This explicit deposition of selenate caused chlorosis and impaired plant morphology, which was not observed upon selenite application. However, only selenate triggered the accumulation of the macronutrient sulfur, the sister element of selenium in the oxygen group. To understand the oxidation state-specific toxicity mechanisms for selenium in plants, we quantified the impact of selenate and selenite on the redox environment in the plastids and the cytosol in a time-resolved manner. Surprisingly, we found that selenite first caused the oxidation of the plastid-localized glutathione pool and had a marginal impact on the redox state of the cytosolic glutathione pool, specifically in roots. In contrast, selenate application caused more vigorous oxidation of the cytosolic glutathione pool but also impaired the plastidic redox environment. In agreement with the predominant deposition in leaves, the selenate-induced oxidation of both glutathione pools was more pronounced in leaves than in roots. Our results demonstrate that Se-species dependent differences in Se partitioning substantially contribute to whole plant Se toxicity and that these Se species have subcellular compartment-specific impacts on the glutathione redox buffer that correlate with toxicity symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sayyar Khan
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Anna Soyk
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Wolf
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Peter
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Meyer
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- INRES - Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Rausch
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yu GB, Chen RN, Chen QS, Chen FQ, Liu HL, Ren CY, Zhang YX, Yang FJ, Wei JP. Jasmonic acid promotes glutathione assisted degradation of chlorothalonil during tomato growth. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 233:113296. [PMID: 35158253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and regeneration play a significant role in the metabolism of chlorothalonil (CHT) in tomatoes. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of GSH in the degradation of CHT remains uncertain. To address this, we investigate the critical regulatory pathways in the degradation of residual CHT in tomatoes. The results revealed that the detoxification of CHT residue in tomatoes was inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine and oxidized glutathione pretreatment, which increased by 26% and 46.12% compared with control, respectively. Gene silencing of γECS, GS, and GR also compromised the CHT detoxification potential of plants, which could be alleviated by GSH application and decreased the CHT accumulation by 33%, 25%, and 21%, respectively. Notably, it was found that the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway participated in the degradation of CHT regulated by GSH. CHT residues reduced by 28% after application of JA. JA played a role downstream of the glutathione pathway by promoting the degradation of CHT residue in tomatoes via nitric oxide signaling and improving the gene expression of antioxidant and detoxification-related enzymes. This study unveiled a crucial regulatory mechanism of GSH via the JA pathway in CHT degradation in tomatoes and offered new insights for understanding residual pesticide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Bo Yu
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China.
| | - Ru-Nan Chen
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China; Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, China
| | - Qiu-Sen Chen
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Feng-Qiong Chen
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Han-Lin Liu
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Ren
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Feng-Jun Yang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China
| | - Jin-Peng Wei
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, China.
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Carvalho LC, Santos ES, Saraiva JA, Magalhães MCF, Macías F, Abreu MM. The Potential of Cistus salviifolius L. to Phytostabilize Gossan Mine Wastes Amended with Ash and Organic Residues. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:588. [PMID: 35270057 PMCID: PMC8912684 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The São Domingos mine is within the Iberian Pyrite Belt, a mining district with large concentrations of polymetallic massive sulfide deposits. Mine waste heaps are considered extreme environments, since they contain high total concentrations of potentially hazardous elements (PHE), which contribute to inhibiting the development of most plants. Autochthonous plant species, such as Cistus salviifolius L., are able to grow naturally in this degraded environment, and may contribute to minimizing the negative chemical impacts and improving the landscape quality. However, the environmental rehabilitation processes associated with the development of these plants (phytostabilization) are very slow, so the use of materials/wastes to improve some physicochemical properties of the matrix is necessary in order to speed up the process. This work studied the effectiveness of the phytostabilization with C. salviifolius of gossan mine wastes from the mine of São Domingos amended with organic and inorganic wastes in order to construct Technosols. The mine wastes have an acid pH (≈3.5), high total concentrations of PHE and low concentrations of organic C and available nutrients. The best vegetative development occurred without visible signs of toxicity in the Technosols containing a mixture of agriculture residues. These treatments allowed the improvement of the soil-plant system providing a better plant cover and improved several chemical properties of mine wastes, helping to speed up the environmental rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa C. Carvalho
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (M.C.F.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Erika S. Santos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (M.C.F.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Jorge A. Saraiva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - M. Clara F. Magalhães
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (M.C.F.M.); (M.M.A.)
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Felipe Macías
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Biología, Campus Universitario Sur, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Campus Universitario Sur, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Manuela Abreu
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.S.S.); (M.C.F.M.); (M.M.A.)
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9
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Kerchev PI, Van Breusegem F. Improving oxidative stress resilience in plants. Plant J 2022; 109:359-372. [PMID: 34519111 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Originally conceived as harmful metabolic byproducts, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognized as an integral part of numerous cellular programs. Thanks to their diverse physicochemical properties, compartmentalized production, and tight control exerted by the antioxidant machinery they activate signaling pathways that govern plant growth, development, and defense. Excessive ROS levels are often driven by adverse changes in environmental conditions, ultimately causing oxidative stress. The associated negative impact on cellular constituents have been a major focus of decade-long research efforts to improve the oxidative stress resilience by boosting the antioxidant machinery in model and crop species. We highlight the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as integral factors of multiple signaling cascades beyond their mere function to prevent oxidative damage under adverse abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel I Kerchev
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Gent, Belgium
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Arenas-lago D, Carvalho LC, Santos ES, Abreu MM. Influence of Seed Source and Soil Contamination on Ecophysiological Responses of Lavandula pedunculata in Rehabilitation of Mining Areas. Plants 2021; 11:105. [PMID: 35009108 PMCID: PMC8747297 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mining activities have turned many areas of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) into extreme environments with high concentrations of metal(loid)s. These harsh conditions can inhibit or reduce the colonization and/or development of most vegetation. However, some species or populations have developed ecophysiological responses to tolerate stress factors and contaminated soils. The main objectives of this study are: (i) to assess the differences in germination, growth, development and physiological behaviour against oxidative stress caused by metal(loid)s in Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. from two different origins (a contaminated area in São Domingos mine, SE of Portugal and an uncontaminated area from Serra do Caldeirão, S of Portugal) under controlled conditions; and (ii) to assess whether it is possible to use this species for the rehabilitation of mine areas of the IPB. After germination, seedlings from São Domingos (LC) and Caldeirão (L) were planted in pots with a contaminated soil developed on gossan (CS) and in pots with an uncontaminated soil (US) under controlled conditions. Multielemental concentrations were determined in soils (total and available fractions) and plants (shoots and roots). Germination rate, shoot height, dry biomass and leaf area were determined, and pigments, glutathione, ascorbate and H2O2 contents were measured in plant shoots. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Sb in CS, and As in US exceed the intervention and maximum limits for ecosystem protection and human health. The main results showed that L. pedunculata, regardless of the seed origin, activated defence mechanisms against oxidative stress caused by high concentrations of metal(loid)s. Plants grown from seeds of both origins increased the production of AsA to preserve its reduction levels and kept the contents of GSH stable to maintain the cell’s redox state. Plants grown from seeds collected in non-contaminated areas showed a high capacity for adaptation to extreme conditions. This species showed a greater growth capacity when seeds from a contaminated area were sown in uncontaminated soils. Thus, L. pedunculata, mainly grown from seeds from contaminated areas, may be used in phytostabilization programmes in areas with soils with high contents of metal(loid)s.
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11
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Garneau MG, Lu MZ, Grant J, Tegeder M. Role of source-to-sink transport of methionine in establishing seed protein quantity and quality in legumes. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:2134-2155. [PMID: 34618032 PMCID: PMC8644406 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes such as pea (Pisum sativum L.) are highly valued as a staple source of protein for human and animal nutrition. However, their seeds often contain limited amounts of high-quality, sulfur (S) rich proteins, caused by a shortage of the S-amino acids cysteine and methionine. It was hypothesized that legume seed quality is directly linked to the amount of organic S transported from leaves to seeds, and imported into the growing embryo. We expressed a high-affinity yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) methionine/cysteine transporter (Methionine UPtake 1) in both the pea leaf phloem and seed cotyledons and found source-to-sink transport of methionine but not cysteine increased. Changes in methionine phloem loading triggered improvements in S uptake and assimilation and long-distance transport of the S compounds, S-methylmethionine and glutathione. In addition, nitrogen and carbon assimilation and source-to-sink allocation were upregulated, together resulting in increased plant biomass and seed yield. Further, methionine and amino acid delivery to individual seeds and uptake by the cotyledons improved, leading to increased accumulation of storage proteins by up to 23%, due to both higher levels of S-poor and, most importantly, S-rich proteins. Sulfate delivery to the embryo and S assimilation in the cotyledons were also upregulated, further contributing to the improved S-rich storage protein pools and seed quality. Overall, this work demonstrates that methionine transporter function in source and sink tissues presents a bottleneck in S allocation to seeds and that its targeted manipulation is essential for overcoming limitations in the accumulation of high-quality seed storage proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Garneau
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Ming-Zhu Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Jan Grant
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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12
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Lu B, Luo X, Gong C, Bai J. Overexpression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene from Caragana korshinskii decreases stomatal density and enhances drought tolerance. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:444. [PMID: 34598673 PMCID: PMC8485494 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis and plays a key role in plant stress responses. In this study, the endogenous expression of the Caragana korshinskii γ-ECS (Ckγ-ECS) gene was induced by PEG 6000-mediated drought stress in the leaves of C. korshinskii. and the Ckγ-ECS overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants was constructed using the C. korshinskii. isolated γ-ECS. RESULTS Compared with the wildtype, the Ckγ-ECS overexpressing plants enhanced the γ-ECS activity, reduced the stomatal density and aperture sizes; they also had higher relative water content, lower water loss, and lower malondialdehyde content. At the same time, the mRNA expression of stomatal development-related gene EPF1 was increased and FAMA and STOMAGEN were decreased. Besides, the expression of auxin-relative signaling genes AXR3 and ARF5 were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS These changes suggest that transgenic Arabidopsis improved drought tolerance, and Ckγ-ECS may act as a negative regulator in stomatal development by regulating the mRNA expression of EPF1 and STOMAGEN through auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Lu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinjuan Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Haber Z, Lampl N, Meyer AJ, Zelinger E, Hipsch M, Rosenwasser S. Resolving diurnal dynamics of the chloroplastic glutathione redox state in Arabidopsis reveals its photosynthetically derived oxidation. Plant Cell 2021; 33:1828-1844. [PMID: 33624811 PMCID: PMC8254480 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to fluctuations in light intensity, and this might cause unbalanced photosynthetic electron fluxes and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electrons needed for ROS detoxification are drawn, at least partially, from the cellular glutathione (GSH) pool via the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Here, we explore the dynamics of the chloroplastic glutathione redox potential (chl-EGSH) using high-temporal-resolution monitoring of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lines expressing the reduction-oxidation sensitive green fluorescent protein 2 (roGFP2) in chloroplasts. This was carried out over several days under dynamic environmental conditions and in correlation with PSII operating efficiency. Peaks in chl-EGSH oxidation during dark-to-light and light-to-dark transitions were observed. Increasing light intensities triggered a binary oxidation response, with a threshold around the light saturating point, suggesting two regulated oxidative states of the chl-EGSH. These patterns were not affected in npq1 plants, which are impaired in non-photochemical quenching. Oscillations between the two oxidation states were observed under fluctuating light in WT and npq1 plants, but not in pgr5 plants, suggesting a role for PSI photoinhibition in regulating the chl-EGSH dynamics. Remarkably, pgr5 plants showed an increase in chl-EGSH oxidation during the nights following light stresses, linking daytime photoinhibition and nighttime GSH metabolism. This work provides a systematic view of the dynamics of the in vivo chloroplastic glutathione redox state during varying light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechariah Haber
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Nardy Lampl
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische
Friedrich–Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113
Bonn, Germany
| | - Einat Zelinger
- The Interdepartmental Equipment Unit, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of
Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Matanel Hipsch
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Shilo Rosenwasser
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
- Author for correspondence:
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14
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van Beek CR, Guzha T, Kopana N, van der Westhuizen CS, Panda SK, van der Vyver C. The SlNAC2 transcription factor from tomato confers tolerance to drought stress in transgenic tobacco plants. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:907-921. [PMID: 34092944 PMCID: PMC8140038 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Drought is a key environmental factor that restricts crop growth and productivity. Plant responses to water-deficit stress at the whole plant level are mediated by stress-response gene expression through the action of transcription factors (TF). The NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factor family has been well documented in its role in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study we evaluated the effects of overexpression of SlNAC2 TF on the photosynthetic machinery, relative water content (RWC), reactive oxygen species, antioxidants and proline levels in tobacco plants exposed to a water-deficit treatment. Shoot growth and seed formation were also evaluated before, during and following water-deficit to determine any morphological consequences of transgene expression. The transgenic plants maintained higher RWC and chlorophyll levels over 21 days after withholding water and stomatal conductance until the 16th day of water-deficit. Overexpression of SlNAC2 in tobacco increased proline levels, improved seed setting and delayed leaf senescence of the transgenic plants. Reactive oxygen species accumulated at lower levels in the dehydrated transgenic plants but no significant difference in superoxide dismutase and catalase content were seen between the genotypes. The conversion of glutathione to oxidized glutathione was significantly higher in the transgenic plants, supported by increased glutathione reductase transcript levels. Our results indicate that overexpression of SlNAC2 in tobacco improved survival during and recovery from water-deficit stress, without an associated biomass penalty under irrigation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00996-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coenraad R. van Beek
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | - Tapiwa Guzha
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | - Nolusindiso Kopana
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | | | - Sanjib K. Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, 305817 India
| | - Christell van der Vyver
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
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15
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Rajab H, Khan MS, Wirtz M, Malagoli M, Qahar F, Hell R. Sulfur metabolic engineering enhances cadmium stress tolerance and root to shoot iron translocation in Brassica napus L. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 152:32-43. [PMID: 32387912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Serine acetyltransferase (SAT) (EC 2.3.1.30) is the rate-limiting enzyme of cysteine (Cys) biosynthesis, providing the decisive precursor for the ubiquitous defense thiol glutathione (GSH). Together with O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL; EC 2.5.1.47) SAT generates Cys in the cytosol, plastids, and mitochondria of vascular plants. The current study aimed to overproduce Cys and GSH for enhanced stress tolerance via overexpression of the feedback-insensitive isoform of serine acetyltransferase from tobacco, i.e., NtSAT4. Constitutive overexpression of NtSAT4 in Brassica napus resulted in the 2.6-fold-4-fold higher SAT activity in different subcellular compartment-specific lines. This higher SAT activity led to a 2.5-fold-3.5-fold higher steady-state level of free Cys and 2.2-fold-5.3-fold elevated level of GSH in leaves compared with nontransformed plants. Among the compartment-specific lines, the mitochondrial targeted NtSAT4 overexpressor line M-182 showed the highest levels of Cys (3.5-fold) and GSH (5.3-fold) compared with wild-type plants. Overexpression of NtSAT4 conferred a physiological advantage in terms of enhanced tolerance against oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide and the heavy metal cadmium (Cd). The NtSAT4 overexpressor lines showed a significantly higher amount of iron (Fe) translocation from roots to shoots compared with nontransformed plants. Overall, these results suggest that overexpression of NtSAT4 is a promising approach to creating plants with tolerance to heavy metals and oxidative stress and, in addition, may potentially improve plant nutrition in terms of enhanced Fe translocation from roots to shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Rajab
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, 25130, Peshawar, Pakistan; Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sayyar Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, 25130, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Malagoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Fariha Qahar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, 25130, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Cohen A, Hacham Y, Welfe Y, Khatib S, Avice JC, Amir R. Evidence of a significant role of glutathione reductase in the sulfur assimilation pathway. Plant J 2020; 102:246-261. [PMID: 31782847 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the objective of studying the role of glutathione reductase (GR) in the accumulation of cysteine and methionine, we generated transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis lines overexpressing the cytosolic AtGR1 and the plastidic AtGR2 genes. The transgenic plants had higher contents of cysteine and glutathione. To understand why cysteine levels increased in these plants, we also used gr1 and gr2 mutants. The results showed that the transgenic plants have higher levels of sulfite, cysteine, glutathione and methionine, which are downstream to adenosine 5' phosphosulfate reductase (APR) activity. However, the mutants had lower levels of these metabolites, while the sulfate content increased. A feeding experiment using 34 SO42- also showed that the levels of APR downstream metabolites increased in the transgenic lines and decreased in gr1 compared with their controls. These findings, and the results obtained from the expression levels of several genes related to the sulfur pathway, suggest that GR plays an essential role in the sulfur assimilation pathway by supporting the activity of APR, the key enzyme in this pathway. GR recycles the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) back to reduce glutathione (GSH), which serves as an electron donor for APR activity. The phenotypes of the transgenic plants and the mutants are not significantly altered under non-stress and oxidative stress conditions. However, when germinating on sulfur-deficient medium, the transgenic plants grew better, while the mutants were more sensitive than the control plants. The results give substantial evidence of the yet unreported function of GR in the sulfur assimilation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anner Cohen
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
| | - Yael Hacham
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
| | - Yochai Welfe
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
| | | | - Rachel Amir
- Laboratory of Plant Science, Migal - Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, 12100, Israel
- Tel-Hai Collage, Upper Galilee, 11016, Israel
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17
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Chae Y, Cui R, Lee J, An YJ. Effects on photosynthesis and polyphenolic compounds in crop plant mung bean (Vigna radiata) following simulated accidental exposure to hydrogen peroxide. J Hazard Mater 2020; 383:121088. [PMID: 31518806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a strong oxidizer and bleaching agent included in the list of substances requiring accident preparedness by the National Chemical Information System, Korea. Although chemical accidents related to H2O2 frequently occur globally, few studies have evaluated its toxicity and risk to soil ecosystems. Herein, accidental exposure to H2O2 was simulated in a microcosm including crop plant mung bean (Vigna radiata), and its long-term effects on photosynthetic activities and polyphenolic compounds were measured. Plants were evaluated based on the concentration and amount of H2O2 exposure, distance from H2O2 source, and duration post exposure. Plants exposed to high concentrations and large amounts of H2O2 at a close distance were most damaged; their photosynthetic activities and polyphenolic compound levels significantly decreased compared to the controls. H2O2 consistently damaged plants and affected their activities, but plants with minor damage recovered their photosynthetic activities and polyphenolic compound levels. Additionally, moderate oxidative stress from H2O2 exposure induced the synthesis of polyphenolic antioxidants including flavonol and anthocyanin. Thus, we suggest that flavonol and anthocyanin levels are the most sensitive indicators of adverse effects of H2O2 exposure in V. radiata. Our results highlight the risk of H2O2 and serve as a reference for chemical accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooeun Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongxue Cui
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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18
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García-Quirós E, Alché JDD, Karpinska B, Foyer CH. Glutathione redox state plays a key role in flower development and pollen vigour. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:730-741. [PMID: 31557297 PMCID: PMC6946011 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the glutathione pool in the development of reproductive tissues and in pollen tube growth was investigated in wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana, a reporter line expressing redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP2), and a glutathione-deficient cad2-1 mutant (cad2-1/roGFP2). The cad2-1/roGFP2 flowers had significantly less reduced glutathione (GSH) and more glutathione disulfide (GSSG) than WT or roGFP2 flowers. The stigma, style, anther, germinated pollen grains, and pollen tubes of roGFP2 flowers had a low degree of oxidation. However, these tissues were more oxidized in cad2-1/roGFP2 flowers than the roGFP2 controls. The ungerminated pollen grains were significantly more oxidized than the germinated pollen grains, indicating that the pollen cells become reduced upon the transition from the quiescent to the metabolically active state during germination. The germination percentage was lower in cad2-1/roGFP2 pollen and pollen tube growth arrested earlier than in roGFP2 pollen, demonstrating that increased cellular reduction is essential for pollen tube growth. These findings establish that ungerminated pollen grains exist in a relatively oxidized state compared with germinating pollen grains. Moreover, failure to accumulate glutathione and maintain a high GSH/GSSG ratio has a strong negative effect on pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía García-Quirós
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Juan de Dios Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence:
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19
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Lopes-Oliveira PJ, Gomes DG, Pelegrino MT, Bianchini E, Pimenta JA, Stolf-Moreira R, Seabra AB, Oliveira HC. Effects of nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles on neotropical tree seedlings submitted to acclimation under full sun in the nursery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17371. [PMID: 31758079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as carrier systems for molecules that release nitric oxide (NO), a free radical involved in plant stress responses. However, to date, nanoencapsulated NO donors have not been applied to plants under realistic field conditions. Here, we verified the effects of free and nanoencapsulated NO donor, S-nitroso-mercaptosuccinic acid (S-nitroso-MSA), on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of neotropical tree seedlings kept under full sunlight in the nursery for acclimation. S-nitroso-MSA incorporation into chitosan nanoparticles partially protected the NO donor from thermal and photochemical degradation. The application of nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA in the substrate favoured the growth of seedlings of Heliocarpus popayanensis, a shade-intolerant tree. In contrast, free S-nitroso-MSA or nanoparticles containing non-nitrosated mercaptosuccinic acid reduced photosynthesis and seedling growth. Seedlings of Cariniana estrellensis, a shade-tolerant tree, did not have their photosynthesis and growth affected by any formulations, despite the increase of foliar S-nitrosothiol levels mainly induced by S-nitroso-MSA-loaded nanoparticles. These results suggest that depending on the tree species, nanoencapsulated NO donors can be used to improve seedling acclimation in the nursery.
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20
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Wang B, Ding H, Chen Q, Ouyang L, Li S, Zhang J. Enhanced Tolerance to Methyl Viologen-Mediated Oxidative Stress via AtGR2 Expression From Chloroplast Genome. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1178. [PMID: 31611897 PMCID: PMC6777472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their sessile life habit, plants are continuously subjected to a broad range of environmental stresses. During periods of (a)biotic stresses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can rise excessively, leading to oxidative stress. Glutathione reductase (GR) plays an important role in scavenging the ROS and maintenance of redox potential of the cell during oxidative stress. To enhance ROS scavenging capacity, and hence stress tolerance, the Arabidopsis thalianaGR2 (AtGR2) gene was expressed from the tobacco plastid (chloroplast) genome, the main source of ROS production in plant photosynthetic tissues, in this study. Leaves of transplastomic tobacco plants had about seven times GR activity and 1.5 times total glutathione levels compared to wild type. These transplastomic tobacco plants showed no discernible phenotype and exhibited more tolerance to methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress than wild-type control plants. The results indicate that introducing AtGR2 in chloroplasts is an efficient approach to increase stress tolerance. This study also provides evidence that increasing antioxidant enzyme via plastid genome engineering is an alternative to enhance plant's tolerance to stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Mendoza-Cózatl DG, Gokul A, Carelse MF, Jobe TO, Long TA, Keyster M. Keep talking: crosstalk between iron and sulfur networks fine-tunes growth and development to promote survival under iron limitation. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:4197-4210. [PMID: 31231775 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are capable of synthesizing all the molecules necessary to complete their life cycle from minerals, water, and light. This plasticity, however, comes at a high energetic cost and therefore plants need to regulate their economy and allocate resources accordingly. Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are at the center of photosynthesis, respiration, amino acid, and DNA metabolism. Fe-S clusters are extraordinary catalysts, but their main components (Fe2+ and S2-) are highly reactive and potentially toxic. To prevent toxicity, plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate the uptake, storage, and assimilation of Fe and S. Recent advances have been made in understanding the cellular economy of Fe and S metabolism individually, and growing evidence suggests that there is dynamic crosstalk between Fe and S networks. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent literature on Fe sensing, allocation, use efficiency, and, when pertinent, its relationship to S metabolism. Our future perspectives include a discussion about the open questions and challenges ahead and how the plant nutrition field can come together to approach these questions in a cohesive and more efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Mendoza-Cózatl
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Arun Gokul
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mogamat F Carelse
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Terri A Long
- Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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22
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Carvalho LC, Santos ES, Abreu MM. Unraveling the crucial role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the resilience of Cistus monspeliensis L. to withstand high As concentrations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 171:389-397. [PMID: 30634090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cistus monspeliensis L. is a species that grows spontaneously in contaminated mining areas of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. This species can accumulate high concentrations of As in the shoots without visible signs of phytotoxicity. In order to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying this tolerance, C. monspeliensis was grown in an Arenosol irrigated with aqueous nutrient solutions containing increasing concentrations of As (0, 1500, 5000, 10000, 15000 µM) and the effects of this metalloid on plant development and on the defence mechanisms against oxidative stress were monitored. Independently of the treatment, As was mainly retained in the roots. The plants with the highest concentrations of As in the shoots (> 5000 µM) showed toxicity symptoms such as chlorosis, low leaf size and decrease in biomass production and also nutritional deficiencies. Most of the studied physiological parameters (pigments, glutathione, ascorbate and antioxidative enzymes) showed significant correlation with As concentration in roots and shoots. Pigments, especially anthocyanins, were negatively affected even in the treatments with the lowest As concentrations. Glutathione increased significantly in roots at low As levels while in shoots this increase occurred in all As treatments. Ascorbate decreased in both tissues with As addition. The highest concentrations of As in shoots of C. monspeliensis triggered defence mechanisms against oxidative stress, namely by inducing the expression of genes coding antioxidative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa C Carvalho
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Centre, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Erika S Santos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Centre, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Manuela Abreu
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Research Centre, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Fatima A, Singh AA, Mukherjee A, Agrawal M, Agrawal SB. Ascorbic acid and thiols as potential biomarkers of ozone tolerance in tropical wheat cultivars. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 171:701-708. [PMID: 30658306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) has been identified as the most damaging air pollutant to crop plants in terms of growth and yield reductions. Considering the negative effect of O3 in tropical regions, fourteen commonly grown Indian wheat cultivars with known sensitivity to O3 were tested for their sensitivity/tolerance with respect to two major antioxidants (ascorbic acid and thiols) and grain yield responses against elevated O3 (ambient + 30 ppb) exposure. The objectives of the study were to assess the usefulness of the biochemical markers in the screening of wheat cultivars having differential level of sensitivity to O3 and different release time (modern and old cultivars). Ozone exposure led to an upsurge of ascorbic acid, thiols as well as their ratio greatly in the tolerant group followed by the intermediately sensitive group while least in sensitive one. Both ascorbic acid and thiol contents offered more resistance to early released cultivars compared to modern ones. Ascorbic acid served to be the most influential parameter for determining varietal response under elevated O3 stress and directly linked with O3 tolerance. Overall, the sensitive group suffered maximum yield losses while the minimum was observed in the tolerant group due to the differential enhancement of tolerance offered by antioxidants. Higher concentrations of antioxidants at early growth stages were highly correlated with final yield responses suggesting the role of antioxidants as a determinant of final yield. Findings of this study will help in the identification of O3 tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars for future screening programs using ascorbic acid and thiols as important markers of O3 tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Fatima
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Aditya Abha Singh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Arideep Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Gómez R, Vicino P, Carrillo N, Lodeyro AF. Manipulation of oxidative stress responses as a strategy to generate stress-tolerant crops. From damage to signaling to tolerance. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:693-708. [PMID: 30991845 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1597829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to hostile environmental conditions such as drought or extreme temperatures usually undergo oxidative stress, which has long been assumed to significantly contribute to the damage suffered by the organism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduced under stress conditions were proposed to destroy membrane lipids and to inactivate proteins and photosystems, ultimately leading to cell death. Accordingly, considerable effort has been devoted, over the years, to improve stress tolerance by strengthening antioxidant and dissipative mechanisms. Although the notion that ROS cause indiscriminate damage in vivo has been progressively replaced by the alternate concept that they act as signaling molecules directing critical plant developmental and environmental responses including cell death, the induction of genes encoding antioxidant activities is commonplace under many environmental stresses, suggesting that their manipulation still offers promise. The features and consequences of ROS effects depend on the balance between various interacting pathways including ROS synthesis and scavenging, energy dissipation, conjugative reactions, and eventually reductive repair. They represent many possibilities for genetic manipulation. We report, herein, a comprehensive survey of transgenic plants in which components of the ROS-associated pathways were overexpressed, and of the stress phenotypes displayed by the corresponding transformants. Genetic engineering of different stages of ROS metabolism such as synthesis, scavenging, and reductive repair revealed a strong correlation between down-regulation of ROS levels and increased stress tolerance in plants grown under controlled conditions. Field assays are scarce, and are eagerly required to assess the possible application of this strategy to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gómez
- a Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Biología del Estrés en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Paula Vicino
- a Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Biología del Estrés en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- a Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Biología del Estrés en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Anabella F Lodeyro
- a Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Biología del Estrés en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
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25
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of eukaryotes, which occupies a large portion of the photosynthetic cell. The chloroplast function and integrity depend on intensive material and signal exchange between all genetic compartments and conditionally secure efficient photosynthesis and high fitness. Recent Advances: During the last two decades, the concept of mutual control of plastid performance by extraplastidic anterograde signals acting on the chloroplast and the feedback from the chloroplast to the extraplastidic space by retrograde signals has been profoundly revised and expanded. It has become clear that a complex set of diverse signals is released from the chloroplast and exceeds the historically proposed small number of information signals. Thus, it is also recognized that redox compounds and reactive oxygen species play a decisive role in retrograde signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES The diversity of processes controlled or modulated by the retrograde network covers all molecular levels, including RNA fate and translation, and also includes subcellular heterogeneity, indirect gating of other organelles' metabolism, and specific signaling routes and pathways, previously not considered. All these processes must be integrated for optimal adjustment of the chloroplast processes. Thus, evidence is presented suggesting that retrograde signaling affects translation, stress granule, and processing body (P-body) dynamics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Redundancy of signal transduction elements, parallelisms of pathways, and conditionally alternative mechanisms generate a robust network and system that only tentatively can be assessed by use of single-site mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Josef Dietz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Corinna Wesemann
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Wegener
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thorsten Seidel
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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26
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Niehaus TD, Patterson JA, Alexander DC, Folz JS, Pyc M, MacTavish BS, Bruner SD, Mullen RT, Fiehn O, Hanson AD. The metabolite repair enzyme Nit1 is a dual-targeted amidase that disposes of damaged glutathione in Arabidopsis. Biochem J 2019; 476:683-97. [PMID: 30692244 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20180931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is implicated in various crucial physiological processes including redox buffering and protection against heavy metal toxicity. GSH is abundant in plants, with reported intracellular concentrations typically in the 1-10 mM range. Various aminotransferases can inadvertently transaminate the amino group of the γ-glutamyl moiety of GSH to produce deaminated glutathione (dGSH), a metabolite damage product. It was recently reported that an amidase known as Nit1 participates in dGSH breakdown in mammals and yeast. Plants have a hitherto uncharacterized homolog of the Nit1 amidase. We show that recombinant Arabidopsis Nit1 (At4g08790) has high and specific amidase activity towards dGSH. Ablating the Arabidopsis Nit1 gene causes a massive accumulation of dGSH and other marked changes to the metabolome. All plant Nit1 sequences examined had predicted plastidial targeting peptides with a potential second start codon whose use would eliminate the targeting peptide. In vitro transcription/translation assays show that both potential translation start codons in Arabidopsis Nit1 were used and confocal microscopy of Nit1-GFP fusions in plant cells confirmed both cytoplasmic and plastidial localization. Furthermore, we show that Arabidopsis enzymes present in leaf extracts convert GSH to dGSH at a rate of 2.8 pmol min-1 mg-1 in the presence of glyoxalate as an amino acceptor. Our data demonstrate that plants have a dGSH repair system that is directed to at least two cellular compartments via the use of alternative translation start sites.
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27
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Deng C, Deng S, Li N, Zhao C, Zhao R, Liang S, Chen S. The Arabidopsis Ca 2+-Dependent Protein Kinase CPK12 Is Involved in Plant Response to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124062. [PMID: 30558245 PMCID: PMC6321221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CDPKs (Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinases) are very important regulators in plant response to abiotic stress. The molecular regulatory mechanism of CDPKs involved in salt stress tolerance remains unclear, although some CDPKs have been identified in salt-stress signaling. Here, we investigated the function of an Arabidopsis CDPK, CPK12, in salt-stress signaling. The CPK12-RNA interference (RNAi) mutant was much more sensitive to salt stress than the wild-type plant GL1 in terms of seedling growth. Under NaCl treatment, Na+ levels in the roots of CPK12-RNAi plants increased and were higher than levels in GL1 plants. In addition, the level of salt-elicited H2O2 production was higher in CPK12-RNAi mutants than in wild-type GL1 plants after NaCl treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that CPK12 is required for plant adaptation to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chen Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shurong Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Nianfei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chenjing Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shan Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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28
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Smith-Moore CM, Grunden AM. Bacteria and archaea as the sources of traits for enhanced plant phenotypes. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1900-1916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Gerlich SC, Walker BJ, Krueger S, Kopriva S. Sulfate Metabolism in C 4 Flaveria Species Is Controlled by the Root and Connected to Serine Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2018; 178:565-582. [PMID: 30104256 PMCID: PMC6181035 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of C4 photosynthesis led to an increase in carbon assimilation rates and plant growth compared to C3 photosynthetic plants. This enhanced plant growth, in turn, affects the requirement for soil-derived mineral nutrients. However, mineral plant nutrition has scarcely been considered in connection with C4 photosynthesis. Sulfur is crucial for plant growth and development, and preliminary studies in the genus Flaveria suggested metabolic differences in sulfate assimilation along the C4 evolutionary trajectory. Here, we show that in controlled conditions, foliar accumulation of the reduced sulfur compounds Cys and glutathione (GSH) increased with progressing establishment of the C4 photosynthetic cycle in different Flaveria species. An enhanced demand for reduced sulfur in C4 Flaveria species is reflected in high rates of [35S]sulfate incorporation into GSH upon sulfate deprivation and increased GSH turnover as a reaction to the inhibition of GSH synthesis. Expression analyses indicate that the γ-glutamyl cycle is crucial for the recycling of GSH in C4 species. Sulfate reduction and GSH synthesis seems to be preferentially localized in the roots of C4 species, which might be linked to its colocalization with the phosphorylated pathway of Ser biosynthesis. Interspecies grafting experiments of F. robusta (C3) and F. bidentis (C4) revealed that the root system primarily controls sulfate acquisition, GSH synthesis, and sulfate and metabolite allocation in C3 and C4 plants. This study thus shows that evolution of C4 photosynthesis resulted in a wide range of adaptations of sulfur metabolism and points out the need for broader studies on importance of mineral nutrition for C4 plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke C Gerlich
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Mhamdi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, and VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Mullineaux PM, Exposito-Rodriguez M, Laissue PP, Smirnoff N. ROS-dependent signalling pathways in plants and algae exposed to high light: Comparisons with other eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:52-64. [PMID: 29410363 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Like all aerobic organisms, plants and algae co-opt reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signalling molecules to drive cellular responses to changes in their environment. In this respect, there is considerable commonality between all eukaryotes imposed by the constraints of ROS chemistry, similar metabolism in many subcellular compartments, the requirement for a high degree of signal specificity and the deployment of thiol peroxidases as transducers of oxidising equivalents to regulatory proteins. Nevertheless, plants and algae carry out specialised signalling arising from oxygenic photosynthesis in chloroplasts and photoautotropism, which often induce an imbalance between absorption of light energy and the capacity to use it productively. A key means of responding to this imbalance is through communication of chloroplasts with the nucleus to adjust cellular metabolism. Two ROS, singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), initiate distinct signalling pathways when photosynthesis is perturbed. 1O2, because of its potent reactivity means that it initiates but does not transduce signalling. In contrast, the lower reactivity of H2O2 means that it can also be a mobile messenger in a spatially-defined signalling pathway. How plants translate a H2O2 message to bring about changes in gene expression is unknown and therefore, we draw on information from other eukaryotes to propose a working hypothesis. The role of these ROS generated in other subcellular compartments of plant cells in response to HL is critically considered alongside other eukaryotes. Finally, the responses of animal cells to oxidative stress upon high irradiance exposure is considered for new comparisons between plant and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | | | | | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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32
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Carvalho LC, Coito JL, Gonçalves EF, Lopes C, Amâncio S. Physiological and agronomical responses to environmental fluctuations of two Portuguese grapevine varieties during three field seasons. Ciência Téc Vitiv 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/20183301001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Extensive agricultural losses are attributed to heat, often combined with drought. These abiotic stresses occur in the field simultaneously, namely in areas with Mediterranean climate, where grapevine traditionally grows. The available scenarios for climate change suggest an increase in the frequency of heat waves and severe drought events in summer, also affecting the South of Portugal. In this work we monitored several production-related parameters and evaluated the state of the oxidative stress response apparatus of two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN) and Trincadeira (TR), with and without irrigation, during three field seasons (2010 to 2012). Overall, results point to a high correlation of most yield and stress-associated parameters with the specific characteristics of each variety and to each season rather than the irrigation treatments. In the season with the driest winter, 2012, the lack of irrigation significantly affected yield in TR, while in the two other seasons the impact of the irrigation regime was much lower. In 2012, the yield of TN was affected by environmental conditions of the previous season. The irrigation treatments significantly affected berry size rather than quality.
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33
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Arenas-Lago D, Santos ES, Carvalho LC, Abreu MM, Andrade ML. Cistus monspeliensis L. as a potential species for rehabilitation of soils with multielemental contamination under Mediterranean conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:6443-6455. [PMID: 29249032 PMCID: PMC5846841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB; SW of the Iberian Peninsula) is one of the most important volcanogenic massive sulphide ore deposits in the world. Cistus monspeliensis L. is a native woody shrub that grows spontaneously in non-contaminated soils as well as in soils with multielemental contamination from the IPB. In this study, different ecophysiological parameters of C. monspeliensis growing in soils with different levels of metal(loid)s were evaluated to assess the potential of this species for revegetation of degraded areas. Composite samples of plants and rhizosphere soils were sampled in São Domingos and Lousal mines and in a reference area without soil contamination (Pomarão, Portugal) (Portuguese sector of IPB). Classical characterisation of the soils and quantification of their total and available metal(loid) concentrations were done. Multielemental concentration was determined in plants (shoots and roots). Ecophysiological parameters were also determined in shoots: concentrations of pigments (chlorophylls, anthocyanins and carotenoids), antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbate) and hydrogen peroxide as well as activities of several antioxidative enzymes. Although mining soils present high total concentrations of potentially hazardous elements, their available fractions were low and similar among studied areas. Soil pH as well as concentrations of extractable P, total concentrations of As, Cd and Ni and concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Sb in the soil available fraction differentiate the studied areas. Only concentrations of Cd, Pb and Sb in roots and shoots were explained by the concentrations of the same elements in the soil available fraction. Although the majority of elements were translocated from roots to shoots, the shoots concentrations were below the toxic values for domestic animals and only As, Mn and Zn reached phytotoxic concentrations. Ecophysiological parameters were similar independently of the studied area. Due to its adaptability, tolerance and standard plant features, C. monspeliensis is a good choice for rehabilitation of soils with multielemental contamination under similar climatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arenas-Lago
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Erika S Santos
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center (LEAF), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luisa C Carvalho
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center (LEAF), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Abreu
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center (LEAF), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Luisa Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Yamazaki S, Ueda Y, Mukai A, Ochiai K, Matoh T. Rice phytochelatin synthases OsPCS1 and OsPCS2 make different contributions to cadmium and arsenic tolerance. Plant Direct 2018; 2:e00034. [PMID: 31245682 PMCID: PMC6508543 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution in paddy soil and their accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa) pose serious threats to human health. Rice internally detoxifies these toxic metal and metalloid to some extent, resulting in their accumulation within the edible parts. However, the mechanisms of Cd and As detoxification in rice have been poorly elucidated. Plants synthesize thiol-rich metal-chelating peptides, termed phytochelatins (PCs). We characterized rice PC synthase (PCS) and investigated its contribution to Cd and As tolerance in rice. We identified two PCS homolog genes, OsPCS1 and OsPCS2, in the rice genome. The expression of OsPCS1 was upregulated by As(III) stress in the roots but that of OsPCS2 was not significantly affected. The expression level of OsPCS2 was higher than that of OsPCS1 in the shoots and roots. Recombinant OsPCS1 and OsPCS2 proteins differed in their metal activation. OsPCS1 was more strongly activated by As(III) than by Cd; however, OsPCS2 was more strongly activated by Cd than by As(III). Genetically engineered plants having their OsPCS2 expression silenced via RNA interference (OsPCS2 RNAi) contained less PCs and more glutathione (GSH), a substrate of PC synthesis, than wild-type plants, although there was no significant difference in OsPCS1 RNAi plants. OsPCS2 RNAi plants were sensitive to As(III) stress, but Cd tolerance was little affected. On the other hand, treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, significantly decreased Cd and As tolerance of rice seedlings. These findings indicate that OsPCS2 is a major isozyme controlling PC synthesis, and that PCs are important for As tolerance in rice. However, PC synthesis may make a smaller contribution to Cd tolerance in rice, and GSH plays crucial roles, not only as a substrate of PC synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yosuke Ueda
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Aya Mukai
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kumiko Ochiai
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Toru Matoh
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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35
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Mao X, Zheng Y, Xiao K, Wei Y, Zhu Y, Cai Q, Chen L, Xie H, Zhang J. OsPRX2 contributes to stomatal closure and improves potassium deficiency tolerance in rice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:461-467. [PMID: 29128357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) which are thiol-based peroxidases have been implicated in the toxic reduction and intracellular concentration regulation of hydrogen peroxide. In Arabidopsis thaliana At2-CysPrxB (At5g06290) has been demonstrated to be essential in maintaining the water-water cycle for proper H2O2 scavenging. Although the mechanisms of 2-Cys Prxs have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, the function of 2-Cys Prxs in rice is unclear. In this study, a rice homologue gene of At2-CysPrxB, OsPRX2 was investigated aiming to characterize the effect of 2-Cys Prxs on the K+-deficiency tolerance in rice. We found that OsPRX2 was localized in the chloroplast. Overexpressed OsPRX2 causes the stomatal closing and K+-deficiency tolerance increasing, while knockout of OsPRX2 lead to serious defects in leaves phenotype and the stomatal opening under the K+-deficiency tolerance. Detection of K+ accumulation, antioxidant activity of transgenic plants under the starvation of potassium, further confirmed that OsPRX2 is a potential target for engineering plants with improved potassium deficiency tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yanmei Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Kaizhuan Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yidong Wei
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Qiuhua Cai
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Huaan Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China.
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice in South China, Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou Branch, National Center of Rice Improvement of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fuzhou 350003, China; South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, Fuzhou 350003, China.
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Exposito-Rodriguez M, Laissue PP, Yvon-Durocher G, Smirnoff N, Mullineaux PM. Photosynthesis-dependent H 2O 2 transfer from chloroplasts to nuclei provides a high-light signalling mechanism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:49. [PMID: 28663550 PMCID: PMC5491514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts communicate information by signalling to nuclei during acclimation to fluctuating light. Several potential operating signals originating from chloroplasts have been proposed, but none have been shown to move to nuclei to modulate gene expression. One proposed signal is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by chloroplasts in a light-dependent manner. Using HyPer2, a genetically encoded fluorescent H2O2 sensor, we show that in photosynthetic Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells, exposure to high light increases H2O2 production in chloroplast stroma, cytosol and nuclei. Critically, over-expression of stromal ascorbate peroxidase (H2O2 scavenger) or treatment with DCMU (photosynthesis inhibitor) attenuates nuclear H2O2 accumulation and high light-responsive gene expression. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase over-expression has little effect on nuclear H2O2 accumulation and high light-responsive gene expression. This is because the H2O2 derives from a sub-population of chloroplasts closely associated with nuclei. Therefore, direct H2O2 transfer from chloroplasts to nuclei, avoiding the cytosol, enables photosynthetic control over gene expression.Multiple plastid-derived signals have been proposed but not shown to move to the nucleus to promote plant acclimation to fluctuating light. Here the authors use a fluorescent hydrogen peroxide sensor to provide evidence that H2O2 is transferred directly from chloroplasts to nuclei to control nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Exposito-Rodriguez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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Foyer CH, Ruban AV, Noctor G. Viewing oxidative stress through the lens of oxidative signalling rather than damage. Biochem J 2017; 474:877-83. [PMID: 28270560 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20160814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Concepts of the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and animals have shifted in recent years from focusing on oxidative damage effects to the current view of ROS as universal signalling metabolites. Rather than having two opposing activities, i.e. damage and signalling, the emerging concept is that all types of oxidative modification/damage are involved in signalling, not least in the induction of repair processes. Examining the multifaceted roles of ROS as crucial cellular signals, we highlight as an example the loss of photosystem II function called photoinhibition, where photoprotection has classically been conflated with oxidative damage.
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Olukolu BA, Bian Y, De Vries B, Tracy WF, Wisser RJ, Holland JB, Balint-Kurti PJ. The Genetics of Leaf Flecking in Maize and Its Relationship to Plant Defense and Disease Resistance. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:1787-1803. [PMID: 27670817 PMCID: PMC5100796 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Physiological leaf spotting, or flecking, is a mild-lesion phenotype observed on the leaves of several commonly used maize (Zea mays) inbred lines and has been anecdotally linked to enhanced broad-spectrum disease resistance. Flecking was assessed in the maize nested association mapping (NAM) population, comprising 4,998 recombinant inbred lines from 25 biparental families, and in an association population, comprising 279 diverse maize inbreds. Joint family linkage analysis was conducted with 7,386 markers in the NAM population. Genome-wide association tests were performed with 26.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NAM population and with 246,497 SNPs in the association population, resulting in the identification of 18 and three loci associated with variation in flecking, respectively. Many of the candidate genes colocalizing with associated SNPs are similar to genes that function in plant defense response via cell wall modification, salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-dependent pathways, redox homeostasis, stress response, and vesicle trafficking/remodeling. Significant positive correlations were found between increased flecking, stronger defense response, increased disease resistance, and increased pest resistance. A nonlinear relationship with total kernel weight also was observed whereby lines with relatively high levels of flecking had, on average, lower total kernel weight. We present evidence suggesting that mild flecking could be used as a selection criterion for breeding programs trying to incorporate broad-spectrum disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bode A Olukolu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616 (B.A.O., P.J.B.-K.)
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7620 (B.A.O., Y.B., J.B.H.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (B.D.V., W.F.T.)
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 (R.J.W.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.B.H., P.J.B.-K.)
| | - Yang Bian
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616 (B.A.O., P.J.B.-K.)
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7620 (B.A.O., Y.B., J.B.H.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (B.D.V., W.F.T.)
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 (R.J.W.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.B.H., P.J.B.-K.)
| | - Brian De Vries
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616 (B.A.O., P.J.B.-K.)
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7620 (B.A.O., Y.B., J.B.H.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (B.D.V., W.F.T.)
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 (R.J.W.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.B.H., P.J.B.-K.)
| | - William F Tracy
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616 (B.A.O., P.J.B.-K.)
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7620 (B.A.O., Y.B., J.B.H.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (B.D.V., W.F.T.)
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 (R.J.W.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.B.H., P.J.B.-K.)
| | - Randall J Wisser
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616 (B.A.O., P.J.B.-K.)
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7620 (B.A.O., Y.B., J.B.H.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (B.D.V., W.F.T.)
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 (R.J.W.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.B.H., P.J.B.-K.)
| | - James B Holland
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616 (B.A.O., P.J.B.-K.)
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7620 (B.A.O., Y.B., J.B.H.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (B.D.V., W.F.T.)
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 (R.J.W.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.B.H., P.J.B.-K.)
| | - Peter J Balint-Kurti
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7616 (B.A.O., P.J.B.-K.);
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7620 (B.A.O., Y.B., J.B.H.);
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (B.D.V., W.F.T.);
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 (R.J.W.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (J.B.H., P.J.B.-K.)
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Bu Y, Sun B, Zhou A, Zhang X, Takano T, Liu S. Overexpression of AtOxR gene improves abiotic stresses tolerance and vitamin C content in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:69. [PMID: 27717369 PMCID: PMC5055693 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abiotic stresses are serious threats to plant growth, productivity and result in crop loss worldwide, reducing average yields of most major crops. Although abiotic stresses might elicit different plant responses, most induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells leads to oxidative damage. L-ascorbic acid (AsA, vitamin C) is known as an antioxidant and H2O2-scavenger that defends plants against abiotic stresses. In addition, vitamin C is also an important component of human nutrition that has to be obtained from different foods. Therefore, increasing the vitamin C content is important for improving abiotic stresses tolerance and nutrition quality in crops production. Results Here, we show that the expression of AtOxR gene is response to multiple abiotic stresses (salt, osmotic, metal ion, and H2O2 treatment) in both the leaves and roots of Arabidopsis. AtOxR protein was localized to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in yeast and Arabidopsis cells by co-localization analysis with ER specific dye. AtOxR-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants enhance the tolerance to abiotic stresses. Overexpression of AtOxR gene resulted in AsA accumulation and decreased H2O2 content in transgenic plants. Conclusions In this study, our results show that AtOxR responds to multiple abiotic stresses. Overexpressing AtOxR improves tolerance to abiotic stresses and increase vitamin C content in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtOxR will be useful for the improvement of important crop plants through moleculer breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0299-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Rd 232 Hesong, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Testuo Takano
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center(ASNESC), The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Shenkui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Arenas-Lago D, Carvalho LC, Santos ES, Abreu MM. The physiological mechanisms underlying the ability of Cistus monspeliensis L. from São Domingos mine to withstand high Zn concentrations in soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 129:219-227. [PMID: 27054705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cistus monspeliensis L. is a species that grows spontaneously in contaminated mining areas from the Iberian Pyrite Belt. This species can have high concentrations of Zn in the shoots without visible signs of phytotoxicity. In order to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying this tolerance, C. monspeliensis was grown at several concentrations of Zn(2+) (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000µM) and the effects of this metal on plant development and on the defence mechanisms against oxidative stress were evaluated. Independently of the treatment, Zn was mainly retained in the roots. The plants with the highest concentrations of Zn showed toxicity symptoms such as chlorosis, low leaf size and decrease in biomass production. At 2000µM of Zn, the dry biomass of the shoots decreased significantly. High concentrations of Zn in shoots did not induce deficiencies of other nutrients, except Cu. Plants with high concentrations of Zn had low amounts of chlorophyll, anthocyanins and glutathione and high contents of H2O2. The highest concentrations of Zn in shoots of C. monspeliensis triggered defence mechanisms against oxidative stress, namely by triggering antioxidative enzyme activity and by direct reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging through carotenoids, that are unaffected by stress due to stabilisation by ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arenas-Lago
- Universidad de Vigo, Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Luísa C Carvalho
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Erika S Santos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Ciências do Ambiente e Empresariais, Instituto Superior Dom Afonso III, Loulé, Portugal
| | - M Manuela Abreu
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Mukaihara T, Hatanaka T, Nakano M, Oda K. Ralstonia solanacearum Type III Effector RipAY Is a Glutathione-Degrading Enzyme That Is Activated by Plant Cytosolic Thioredoxins and Suppresses Plant Immunity. mBio 2016; 7:e00359-16. [PMID: 27073091 PMCID: PMC4959522 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00359-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum uses a large repertoire of type III effector proteins to succeed in infection. To clarify the function of effector proteins in host eukaryote cells, we expressed effectors in yeast cells and identified seven effector proteins that interfere with yeast growth. One of the effector proteins, RipAY, was found to share homology with the ChaC family proteins that function as γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases, which degrade glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that plays important roles in the plant immune system. RipAY significantly inhibited yeast growth and simultaneously induced rapid GSH depletion when expressed in yeast cells. The in vitro GSH degradation activity of RipAY is specifically activated by eukaryotic factors in the yeast and plant extracts. Biochemical purification of the yeast protein identified that RipAY is activated by thioredoxin TRX2. On the other hand, RipAY was not activated by bacterial thioredoxins. Interestingly, RipAY was activated by plant h-type thioredoxins that exist in large amounts in the plant cytosol, but not by chloroplastic m-, f-, x-, y- and z-type thioredoxins, in a thiol-independent manner. The transient expression of RipAY decreased the GSH level in plant cells and affected the flg22-triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) marker genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. These results indicate that RipAY is activated by host cytosolic thioredoxins and degrades GSH specifically in plant cells to suppress plant immunity. IMPORTANCE Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease of plants. This pathogen injects virulence effector proteins into host cells to suppress disease resistance responses of plants. In this article, we report a biochemical activity of R. solanacearum effector protein RipAY. RipAY can degrade GSH, a tripeptide that plays important roles in the plant immune system, with its γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase activity. The high GSH degradation activity of RipAY is considered to be a good weapon for this bacterium to suppress plant immunity. However, GSH also plays important roles in bacterial tolerance to various stresses and growth. Interestingly, RipAY has an excellent safety mechanism to prevent unwanted firing of its enzyme activity in bacterial cells because RipAY is specifically activated by host eukaryotic thioredoxins. This study also reveals a novel host plant protein acting as a molecular switch for effector activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Mukaihara
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama (RIBS), Yoshikawa, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hatanaka
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama (RIBS), Yoshikawa, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahito Nakano
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama (RIBS), Yoshikawa, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Oda
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama (RIBS), Yoshikawa, Okayama, Japan
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Falcone Ferreyra ML, Casadevall R, D'Andrea L, AbdElgawad H, Beemster GTS, Casati P. AtPDCD5 Plays a Role in Programmed Cell Death after UV-B Exposure in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2016; 170:2444-60. [PMID: 26884483 PMCID: PMC4825121 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage responses have evolved to sense and react to DNA damage; the induction of DNA repair mechanisms can lead to genomic restoration or, if the damaged DNA cannot be adequately repaired, to the execution of a cell death program. In this work, we investigated the role of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) protein, AtPDCD5, which is highly similar to the human PDCD5 protein; it is induced by ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation and participates in programmed cell death in the UV-B DNA damage response. Transgenic plants expressing AtPDCD5 fused to GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN indicate that AtPDCD5 is localized both in the nucleus and the cytosol. By use of pdcd5 mutants, we here demonstrate that these plants have an altered antioxidant metabolism and accumulate higher levels of DNA damage after UV-B exposure, similar to levels in ham1ham2 RNA interference transgenic lines with decreased expression of acetyltransferases from the MYST family. By coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down assays, we provide evidence that AtPDCD5 interacts with HAM proteins, suggesting that both proteins participate in the same pathway of DNA damage responses. Plants overexpressing AtPDCD5 show less DNA damage but more cell death in root tips upon UV-B exposure. Finally, we here show that AtPDCD5 also participates in age-induced programmed cell death. Together, the data presented here demonstrate that AtPDCD5 plays an important role during DNA damage responses induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis and also participates in programmed cell death programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorena Falcone Ferreyra
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina (M.L.F.F., R.C., L.D., P.C.);Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000 Belgium (H.A., G.T.S.B.); andDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt (H.A.)
| | - Romina Casadevall
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina (M.L.F.F., R.C., L.D., P.C.);Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000 Belgium (H.A., G.T.S.B.); andDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt (H.A.)
| | - Lucio D'Andrea
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina (M.L.F.F., R.C., L.D., P.C.);Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000 Belgium (H.A., G.T.S.B.); andDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt (H.A.)
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina (M.L.F.F., R.C., L.D., P.C.);Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000 Belgium (H.A., G.T.S.B.); andDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt (H.A.)
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina (M.L.F.F., R.C., L.D., P.C.);Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000 Belgium (H.A., G.T.S.B.); andDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt (H.A.)
| | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina (M.L.F.F., R.C., L.D., P.C.);Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2000 Belgium (H.A., G.T.S.B.); andDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt (H.A.)
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Carvalho LC, Coito JL, Gonçalves EF, Chaves MM, Amâncio S. Differential physiological response of the grapevine varieties Touriga Nacional and Trincadeira to combined heat, drought and light stresses. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18 Suppl 1:101-11. [PMID: 26518605 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, extensive agricultural losses are attributed to drought, often in combination with heat in Mediterranean climate regions, where grapevine traditionally grows. The available scenarios for climate change suggest increases in aridity in these regions. Under natural conditions plants are affected by a combination of stresses, triggering synergistic or antagonistic physiological, metabolic or transcriptomic responses unique to the combination. However the study of such stresses in a controlled environment can elucidate important mechanisms by allowing the separation of the effects of individual stresses. To gather those effects, cuttings of two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN) and Trincadeira (TR), were grown under controlled conditions and subjected to three abiotic stresses (drought - WS, heat - HS and high light - LS) individually and in combination two-by-two (WSHS, WSLS, HSLS) or all three (WSHSLS). Photosynthesis, water status, contents of H2 O2 , abscisic acid and metabolites of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were measured in the leaves. Common and distinct response features were identified in the different stress combinations. Photosynthesis was not hindered in TN by LS, while even individual stresses severely affect photosynthesis in TR. Abscisic acid may be implicated in grapevine osmotic responses since it is correlated with tolerance parameters, especially in combined stresses involving drought. Overall, the responses to drought-including treatments were clearly distinct to those without drought. From the specific behaviours of the varieties, it can be concluded that TN shows a higher capacity for heat dissipation and for withstanding high light intensities, indicating better adjustment to warm conditions, provided that water supply is plentiful.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Carvalho
- DRAT, LEAF, ISA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J L Coito
- DRAT, LEAF, ISA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E F Gonçalves
- DCEB, LEAF, ISA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M M Chaves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - S Amâncio
- DRAT, LEAF, ISA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Wei HH, Rowe M, Riethoven JJM, Grove R, Adamec J, Jikumaru Y, Staswick P. Overaccumulation of γ-Glutamylcysteine in a Jasmonate-Hypersensitive Arabidopsis Mutant Causes Jasmonate-Dependent Growth Inhibition. Plant Physiol 2015; 169:1371-81. [PMID: 26282239 PMCID: PMC4587470 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is essential for many aspects of plant biology and is associated with jasmonate signaling in stress responses. We characterized an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) jasmonate-hypersensitive mutant (jah2) with seedling root growth 100-fold more sensitive to inhibition by the hormone jasmonyl-isoleucine than the wild type. Genetic mapping and genome sequencing determined that the mutation is in intron 6 of GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE2, encoding the enzyme that converts γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC) to GSH. The level of GSH in jah2 was 71% of the wild type, while the phytoalexin-deficient2-1 (pad2-1) mutant, defective in GSH1 and having only 27% of wild-type GSH level, was not jasmonate hypersensitive. Growth defects for jah2, but not pad2, were also seen in plants grown to maturity. Surprisingly, all phenotypes in the jah2 pad2-1 double mutant were weaker than in jah2. Quantification of γ-EC indicated these defects result from hyperaccumulation of this GSH precursor by 294- and 65-fold in jah2 and the double mutant, respectively. γ-EC reportedly partially substitutes for loss of GSH, but growth inhibition seen here was likely not due to an excess of total glutathione plus γ-EC because their sum in jah2 pad2-1 was only 16% greater than in the wild type. Further, the jah2 phenotypes were lost in a jasmonic acid biosynthesis mutant background, indicating the effect of γ-EC is mediated through jasmonate signaling and not as a direct result of perturbed redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ho Wei
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (H.-H.W., M.R., P.S.);Center for Biotechnology (J.-J.M.R.), and Department of Biochemistry (R.G., J.A.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; andRiken Plant Science Center, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Y.J.)
| | - Martha Rowe
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (H.-H.W., M.R., P.S.);Center for Biotechnology (J.-J.M.R.), and Department of Biochemistry (R.G., J.A.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; andRiken Plant Science Center, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Y.J.)
| | - Jean-Jack M Riethoven
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (H.-H.W., M.R., P.S.);Center for Biotechnology (J.-J.M.R.), and Department of Biochemistry (R.G., J.A.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; andRiken Plant Science Center, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Y.J.)
| | - Ryan Grove
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (H.-H.W., M.R., P.S.);Center for Biotechnology (J.-J.M.R.), and Department of Biochemistry (R.G., J.A.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; andRiken Plant Science Center, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Y.J.)
| | - Jiri Adamec
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (H.-H.W., M.R., P.S.);Center for Biotechnology (J.-J.M.R.), and Department of Biochemistry (R.G., J.A.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; andRiken Plant Science Center, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Y.J.)
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (H.-H.W., M.R., P.S.);Center for Biotechnology (J.-J.M.R.), and Department of Biochemistry (R.G., J.A.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; andRiken Plant Science Center, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Y.J.)
| | - Paul Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 (H.-H.W., M.R., P.S.);Center for Biotechnology (J.-J.M.R.), and Department of Biochemistry (R.G., J.A.), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588; andRiken Plant Science Center, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (Y.J.)
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Cheng MC, Ko K, Chang WL, Kuo WC, Chen GH, Lin TP. Increased glutathione contributes to stress tolerance and global translational changes in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2015; 83:926-939. [PMID: 26213235 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although glutathione is well known for its reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging function and plays a protective role in biotic stress, its regulatory function in abiotic stress still remains to be elucidated. Our previous study showed that exogenously applied reduced glutathione (GSH) could improve abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that endogenously increased GSH also conferred tolerance to drought and salt stress in Arabidopsis. Moreover, both exogenous and endogenous GSH delayed senescence and flowering time. Polysomal profiling results showed that global translation was enhanced after GSH treatment and by the induced increase of GSH level by salt stress. By performing transcriptomic analyses of steady-state and polysome-bound mRNAs in GSH-treated plants, we reveal that GSH has a substantial impact on translation. Translational changes induced by GSH treatment target numerous hormones and stress signaling molecules, which might contribute to the enhanced stress tolerance in GSH-treated plants. Our translatome analysis also revealed that abscisic acid (ABA), auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, as well as signaling genes, were activated during GSH treatment, which has not been reported in previously published transcriptomic data. Together, our data suggest that the increased glutathione level results in stress tolerance and global translational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ko Ko
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hong Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Piao Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Gupta A, Ballal A. Unraveling the mechanism responsible for the contrasting tolerance of Synechocystis and Synechococcus to Cr(VI): Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Aquat Toxicol 2015; 164:118-125. [PMID: 25956322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two unicellular cyanobacteria, Synechocystis and Synechococcus, showed contrasting tolerance to Cr(VI); with Synechococcus being 12-fold more tolerant than Synechocystis to potassium dichromate. The mechanism responsible for this differential sensitivity to Cr(VI) was explored in this study. Total content of photosynthetic pigments as well as photosynthetic activity decreased at lower concentration of Cr(VI) in Synechocystis as compared to Synechococcus. Experiments with (51)Cr showed Cr to accumulate intracellularly in both the cyanobacteria. At lower concentrations, Cr(VI) caused excessive ROS generation in Synechocystis as compared to that observed in Synechococcus. Intrinsic levels of enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase and 2-Cys-peroxiredoxin were considerably higher in Synechococcus than Synechocystis. Content of total thiols (both protein as well as non-protein) and reduced glutathione (GSH) was also higher in Synechococcus as compared to Synechocystis. This correlated well with higher content of carbonylated proteins observed in Synechocystis than Synechococcus. Additionally, in contrast to Synechocystis, Synechococcus exhibited better tolerance to other oxidative stresses like high intensity light and H2O2. The data indicate that the disparity in the ability to detoxify ROS could be the primary mechanism responsible for the differential tolerance of these cyanobacteria to Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Gupta
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Anand Ballal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 40085, India.
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Vidigal P, Martin-Hernandez AM, Guiu-Aragonés C, Amâncio S, Carvalho L. Selective silencing of 2Cys and type-IIB Peroxiredoxins discloses their roles in cell redox state and stress signaling. J Integr Plant Biol 2015; 57:591-601. [PMID: 25319151 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) catalyse the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and, in association with catalases and other peroxidases, may participate in signal transduction by regulating intercellular H2O2 concentration that in turn can control gene transcription and cell signaling. Using virus-induced-gene-silencing (VIGS), 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin (2CysPrx) family and type-II Peroxiredoxin B (PrxIIB) gene were silenced in Nicotiana benthamiana, to study the impact that the loss of function of each Prx would have in the antioxidant system under control (22 °C) and severe heat stress conditions (48 °C). The results showed that both Prxs, although in different organelles, influence the regeneration of ascorbate to a significant extent, but with different purposes. 2CysPrx affects abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis through ascorbate, while PrxIIB does it probably through the xanthophyll cycle. Moreover, 2CysPrx is key in H2O2 scavenging and in consequence in the regulation of ABA signaling downstream of reactive oxygen species and PrxIIB provides an important assistance for H2O2 peroxisome scavenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Vidigal
- Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT)/Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Montserrat Martin-Hernandez
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edificio Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cèlia Guiu-Aragonés
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edificio Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Amâncio
- Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT)/Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Carvalho
- Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT)/Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura (CBAA), Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
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Matern S, Peskan-Berghoefer T, Gromes R, Kiesel RV, Rausch T. Imposed glutathione-mediated redox switch modulates the tobacco wound-induced protein kinase and salicylic acid-induced protein kinase activation state and impacts on defence against Pseudomonas syringae. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:1935-50. [PMID: 25628332 PMCID: PMC4378631 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the redox-active tripeptide glutathione in plant defence against pathogens has been studied extensively; however, the impact of changes in cellular glutathione redox potential on signalling processes during defence reactions has remained elusive. This study explored the impact of elevated glutathione content on the cytosolic redox potential and on early defence signalling at the level of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as well as on subsequent defence reactions, including changes in salicylic acid (SA) content, pathogenesis-related gene expression, callose depositions, and the hypersensitive response. Wild-type (WT) Nicotiana tabacum L. and transgenic high-glutathione lines (HGL) were transformed with the cytosol-targeted sensor GRX1-roGFP2 to monitor the cytosolic redox state. Surprisingly, HGLs displayed an oxidative shift in their cytosolic redox potential and an activation of the tobacco MAPKs wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK) and SA-induced protein kinase (SIPK). This activation occurred in the absence of any change in free SA content, but was accompanied by constitutively increased expression of several defence genes. Similarly, rapid activation of MAPKs could be induced in WT tobacco by exposure to either reduced or oxidized glutathione. When HGL plants were challenged with adapted or non-adapted Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, the cytosolic redox shift was further amplified and the defence response was markedly increased, showing a priming effect for SA and callose; however, the initial and transient hyperactivation of MAPK signalling was attenuated in HGLs. The results suggest that, in tobacco, MAPK and SA signalling may operate independently, both possibly being modulated by the glutathione redox potential. Possible mechanisms for redox-mediated MAPK activation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Matern
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (HBIGS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Peskan-Berghoefer
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Gromes
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Vazquez Kiesel
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rausch
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Awad J, Stotz HU, Fekete A, Krischke M, Engert C, Havaux M, Berger S, Mueller MJ. 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase create a water-water cycle that is essential to protect the photosynthetic apparatus under high light stress conditions. Plant Physiol 2015; 167:1592-603. [PMID: 25667319 PMCID: PMC4378167 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different peroxidases, including 2-cysteine (2-Cys) peroxiredoxins (PRXs) and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX), have been proposed to be involved in the water-water cycle (WWC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated signaling in plastids. We generated an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) double-mutant line deficient in the two plastid 2-Cys PRXs (2-Cys PRX A and B, 2cpa 2cpb) and a triple mutant deficient in 2-Cys PRXs and tAPX (2cpa 2cpb tapx). In contrast to wild-type and tapx single-knockout plants, 2cpa 2cpb double-knockout plants showed an impairment of photosynthetic efficiency and became photobleached under high light (HL) growth conditions. In addition, double-mutant plants also generated elevated levels of superoxide anion radicals, H2O2, and carbonylated proteins but lacked anthocyanin accumulation under HL stress conditions. Under HL conditions, 2-Cys PRXs seem to be essential in maintaining the WWC, whereas tAPX is dispensable. By comparison, this HL-sensitive phenotype was more severe in 2cpa 2cpb tapx triple-mutant plants, indicating that tAPX partially compensates for the loss of functional 2-Cys PRXs by mutation or inactivation by overoxidation. In response to HL, H2O2- and photooxidative stress-responsive marker genes were found to be dramatically up-regulated in 2cpa 2cpb tapx but not 2cpa 2cpb mutant plants, suggesting that HL-induced plastid to nucleus retrograde photooxidative stress signaling takes place after loss or inactivation of the WWC enzymes 2-Cys PRX A, 2-Cys PRX B, and tAPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Awad
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Henrik U Stotz
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Cornelia Engert
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Michel Havaux
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Susanne Berger
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.A., H.U.S., A.F., M.K., C.E., S.B., M.J.M.); andBiologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Aix Marseille University, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (M.H.)
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