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Zhang T, Zhao SH, He Y. ZmTDM1 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein and is required for meiotic exit in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1517-1527. [PMID: 38047628 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Elaborate cell-cycle control must be adopted to ensure the continuity of the meiotic second division and termination after that. Despite its importance, however, the genetic controls underlying the meiotic cell cycle have not been reported in maize. Here, we characterized a meiotic cell-cycle controller ZmTDM1, which is a homolog of Arabidopsis TDM1 and encodes a canonical tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein in maize. The Zmtdm1 homozygous plants exhibited complete male sterility and severe female abortion. In Zmtdm1 mutants, cell-cycle progression was almost identical to that of wild type from leptotene to anaphase II. However, chromosomes in the tetrad failed meiotic termination at the end of the second division and underwent additional divisions in succession without DNA replication, reducing the ploidy to less than haploid in the product. In addition, two ZmTDM1-like homologs (ZmTDML1 and ZmTDML2) were not functional in meiotic cell-cycle control. Moreover, ZmTDM1 interacted with RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, revealing that it acts as a subunit of the APC/C E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Overall, our results identified a regulator of meiotic cell cycle in maize and demonstrated that ZmTDM1 is essential for meiotic exit after meiosis II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang-Hui Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Maize Improvement Center of China, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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2
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Sun J, Huang S, Lu Q, Li S, Zhao S, Zheng X, Zhou Q, Zhang W, Li J, Wang L, Zhang K, Zheng W, Feng X, Liu B, Kong F, Xiang F. UV-B irradiation-activated E3 ligase GmILPA1 modulates gibberellin catabolism to increase plant height in soybean. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6262. [PMID: 37805547 PMCID: PMC10560287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant height is a key agronomic trait that affects yield and is controlled by both phytohormone gibberellin (GA) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation. However, whether and how plant height is modulated by UV-B-mediated changes in GA metabolism are not well understood. It has not been reported that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is involved in the regulation of plant growth in response to environmental factors. We perform a forward genetic screen in soybean and find that a mutation in Glycine max Increased Leaf Petiole Angle1 (GmILPA1), encoding a subunit of the APC/C, lead to dwarfism under UV-B irradiation. UV-B promotes the accumulation of GmILPA1, which ubiquitinate the GA catabolic enzyme GA2 OXIDASE-like (GmGA2ox-like), resulting in its degradation in a UV-B-dependent manner. Another E3 ligase, GmUBL1, also ubiquitinate GmGA2ox-like and enhance the GmILPA1-mediated degradation of GmGA2ox-like, which suggest that GmILPA1-GmGA2ox-like module counteract the UV-B-mediated reduction of bioactive GAs. We also determine that GmILPA1 is a target of selection during soybean domestication and breeding. The deletion (Indel-665) in the promoter might facilitate the adaptation of soybean to high UV-B irradiation. This study indicates that an evolutionary GmILPA1 variant has the capability to develop ideal plant architecture with soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shiyu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qing Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaojian Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lili Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenyu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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3
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Gombos M, Raynaud C, Nomoto Y, Molnár E, Brik-Chaouche R, Takatsuka H, Zaki A, Bernula D, Latrasse D, Mineta K, Nagy F, He X, Iwakawa H, Őszi E, An J, Suzuki T, Papdi C, Bergis C, Benhamed M, Bögre L, Ito M, Magyar Z. The canonical E2Fs together with RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED are required to establish quiescence during plant development. Commun Biol 2023; 6:903. [PMID: 37666980 PMCID: PMC10477330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining stable and transient quiescence in differentiated and stem cells, respectively, requires repression of the cell cycle. The plant RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) has been implicated in stem cell maintenance, presumably by forming repressor complexes with E2F transcription factors. Surprisingly we find that mutations in all three canonical E2Fs do not hinder the cell cycle, but similarly to RBR silencing, result in hyperplasia. Contrary to the growth arrest that occurs when exit from proliferation to differentiation is inhibited upon RBR silencing, the e2fabc mutant develops enlarged organs with supernumerary stem and differentiated cells as quiescence is compromised. While E2F, RBR and the M-phase regulatory MYB3Rs are part of the DREAM repressor complexes, and recruited to overlapping groups of targets, they regulate distinct sets of genes. Only the loss of E2Fs but not the MYB3Rs interferes with quiescence, which might be due to the ability of E2Fs to control both G1-S and some key G2-M targets. We conclude that collectively the three canonical E2Fs in complex with RBR have central roles in establishing cellular quiescence during organ development, leading to enhanced plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Gombos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Yuji Nomoto
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eszter Molnár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rim Brik-Chaouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hirotomo Takatsuka
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ahmad Zaki
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Dóra Bernula
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Latrasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Keito Mineta
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Fruzsina Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Xiaoning He
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hidekazu Iwakawa
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Erika Őszi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jing An
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Csaba Papdi
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Clara Bergis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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4
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Pelayo MA, Morishita F, Sawada H, Matsushita K, Iimura H, He Z, Looi LS, Katagiri N, Nagamori A, Suzuki T, Širl M, Soukup A, Satake A, Ito T, Yamaguchi N. AGAMOUS regulates various target genes via cell cycle-coupled H3K27me3 dilution in floral meristems and stamens. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2821-2847. [PMID: 37144857 PMCID: PMC10396370 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The MADS domain transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG) regulates floral meristem termination by preventing maintenance of the histone modification lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) along the KNUCKLES (KNU) coding sequence. At 2 d after AG binding, cell division has diluted the repressive mark H3K27me3, allowing activation of KNU transcription prior to floral meristem termination. However, how many other downstream genes are temporally regulated by this intrinsic epigenetic timer and what their functions are remain unknown. Here, we identify direct AG targets regulated through cell cycle-coupled H3K27me3 dilution in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the targets KNU, AT HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED PROTEIN18 (AHL18), and PLATZ10 occurred later in plants with longer H3K27me3-marked regions. We established a mathematical model to predict timing of gene expression and manipulated temporal gene expression using the H3K27me3-marked del region from the KNU coding sequence. Increasing the number of del copies delayed and reduced KNU expression in a polycomb repressive complex 2- and cell cycle-dependent manner. Furthermore, AHL18 was specifically expressed in stamens and caused developmental defects when misexpressed. Finally, AHL18 bound to genes important for stamen growth. Our results suggest that AG controls the timing of expression of various target genes via cell cycle-coupled dilution of H3K27me3 for proper floral meristem termination and stamen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Anne Pelayo
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fumi Morishita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Haruka Sawada
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kasumi Matsushita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Zemiao He
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Liang Sheng Looi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Naoya Katagiri
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Asumi Nagamori
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Marek Širl
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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5
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Ogura N, Sasagawa Y, Ito T, Tameshige T, Kawai S, Sano M, Doll Y, Iwase A, Kawamura A, Suzuki T, Nikaido I, Sugimoto K, Ikeuchi M. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 13 suppresses de novo shoot regeneration via cell fate control of pluripotent callus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6983. [PMID: 37418524 PMCID: PMC10328406 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants can regenerate their bodies via de novo establishment of shoot apical meristems (SAMs) from pluripotent callus. Only a small fraction of callus cells is eventually specified into SAMs but the molecular mechanisms underlying fate specification remain obscure. The expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) is an early hallmark of SAM fate acquisition. Here, we show that a WUS paralog, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 13 (WOX13), negatively regulates SAM formation from callus in Arabidopsis thaliana. WOX13 promotes non-meristematic cell fate via transcriptional repression of WUS and other SAM regulators and activation of cell wall modifiers. Our Quartz-Seq2-based single cell transcriptome revealed that WOX13 plays key roles in determining cellular identity of callus cell population. We propose that reciprocal inhibition between WUS and WOX13 mediates critical cell fate determination in pluripotent cell population, which has a major impact on regeneration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Ogura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasagawa
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Division of Medical Genomics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Toshiaki Tameshige
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Satomi Kawai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yuki Doll
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Division of Medical Genomics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 119-0033, Japan
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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6
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Mahlandt A, Singh DK, Mercier R. Engineering apomixis in crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:131. [PMID: 37199785 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is an asexual mode of reproduction through seeds where progeny are clones of the mother plants. Naturally apomictic modes of reproduction are found in hundreds of plant genera distributed across more than 30 plant families, but are absent in major crop plants. Apomixis has the potential to be a breakthrough technology by allowing the propagation through seed of any genotype, including F1 hybrids. Here, we have summarized the recent progress toward synthetic apomixis, where combining targeted modifications of both the meiosis and fertilization processes leads to the production of clonal seeds at high frequencies. Despite some remaining challenges, the technology has approached a level of maturity that allows its consideration for application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mahlandt
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dipesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, Germany.
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7
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Zuch DT, Herrmann A, Kim ED, Torii KU. Cell Cycle Dynamics during Stomatal Development: Window of MUTE Action and Ramification of Its Loss-of-Function on an Uncommitted Precursor. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:325-335. [PMID: 36609867 PMCID: PMC10016323 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants develop in the absence of cell migration. As such, cell division and differentiation need to be coordinated for functional tissue formation. Cellular valves on the plant epidermis, stomata, are generated through a stereotypical sequence of cell division and differentiation events. In Arabidopsis, three master regulatory transcription factors, SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, sequentially drive initiation, proliferation and differentiation of stomata. Among them, MUTE switches the cell cycle mode from proliferative asymmetric division to terminal symmetric division and orchestrates the execution of the single symmetric division event. However, it remains unclear to what extent MUTE regulates the expression of cell cycle genes through the symmetric division and whether MUTE accumulation itself is gated by the cell cycle. Here, we show that MUTE directly upregulates the expression of cell cycle components throughout the terminal cell cycle phases of a stomatal precursor, not only core cell cycle engines but also check-point regulators. Time-lapse live imaging using the multicolor Plant Cell Cycle Indicator revealed that MUTE accumulates up to the early G2 phase, whereas its successor and direct target, FAMA, accumulate at late G2 through terminal mitosis. In the absence of MUTE, meristemoids fail to differentiate and their G1 phase elongates as they reiterate asymmetric divisions. Together, our work provides the framework of cell cycle and master regulatory transcription factors to coordinate a single symmetric cell division and suggests a mechanism for the eventual cell cycle arrest of an uncommitted stem-cell-like precursor at the G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eun-Deok Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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8
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de Oliveira PN, da Silva LFC, Eloy NB. The role of APC/C in cell cycle dynamics, growth and development in cereal crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987919. [PMID: 36247602 PMCID: PMC9558237 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crops can be considered the basis of human civilization. Thus, it is not surprising that these crops are grown in larger quantities worldwide than any other food supply and provide more energy to humankind than any other provision. Additionally, attempts to harness biomass consumption continue to increase to meet human energy needs. The high pressures for energy will determine the demand for crop plants as resources for biofuel, heat, and electricity. Thus, the search for plant traits associated with genetic increases in yield is mandatory. In multicellular organisms, including plants, growth and development are driven by cell division. These processes require a sequence of intricated events that are carried out by various protein complexes and molecules that act punctually throughout the cycle. Temporal controlled degradation of key cell division proteins ensures a correct onset of the different cell cycle phases and exit from the cell division program. Considering the cell cycle, the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is an important conserved multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, marking targets for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Studies on plant APC/C subunits and activators, mainly in the model plant Arabidopsis, revealed that they play a pivotal role in several developmental processes during growth. However, little is known about the role of APC/C in cereal crops. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the APC/C controlling cereal crop development.
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9
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Calvo‐Baltanás V, De Jaeger‐Braet J, Cher WY, Schönbeck N, Chae E, Schnittger A, Wijnker E. Knock-down of gene expression throughout meiosis and pollen formation by virus-induced gene silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:19-37. [PMID: 35340073 PMCID: PMC9543169 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Through the inactivation of genes that act during meiosis it is possible to direct the genetic make-up of plants in subsequent generations and optimize breeding schemes. Offspring may show higher recombination of parental alleles resulting from elevated crossover (CO) incidence, or by omission of meiotic divisions, offspring may become polyploid. However, stable mutations in genes essential for recombination, or for either one of the two meiotic divisions, can have pleiotropic effects on plant morphology and line stability, for instance by causing lower fertility. Therefore, it is often favorable to temporarily change gene expression during meiosis rather than relying on stable null mutants. It was previously shown that virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be used to transiently reduce CO frequencies. We asked if VIGS could also be used to modify other processes throughout meiosis and during pollen formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that VIGS-mediated knock-down of FIGL1, RECQ4A/B, OSD1 and QRT2 can induce (i) an increase in chiasma numbers, (ii) unreduced gametes and (iii) pollen tetrads. We further show that VIGS can target both sexes and different genetic backgrounds and can simultaneously silence different gene copies. The successful knock-down of these genes in A. thaliana suggests that VIGS can be exploited to manipulate any process during or shortly after meiosis. Hence, the transient induction of changes in inheritance patterns can be used as a powerful tool for applied research and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Calvo‐Baltanás
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6700 AAthe Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und MikrobiologieUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststrasse 18Hamburg22609Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Joke De Jaeger‐Braet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und MikrobiologieUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststrasse 18Hamburg22609Germany
| | - Wei Yuan Cher
- A*STAR, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)61 Biopolis DriveProteos138673Singapore
| | - Nils Schönbeck
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und MikrobiologieUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststrasse 18Hamburg22609Germany
- UKEMartinistrasse 5220251HamburgGermany
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und MikrobiologieUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststrasse 18Hamburg22609Germany
| | - Erik Wijnker
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6700 AAthe Netherlands
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10
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Zhou X, Li S, Yang X. The DcPS1 cooperates with OSDLa during pollen development and 2n gamete production in carnation meiosis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35610560 PMCID: PMC9128087 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering the mechanisms of meiosis has important implications for potential applications in plant breeding programmes and species evolution. However, the process of meiosis is poorly understood in carnation, which is famous for its cut flowers. RESULTS We report that Dianthus caryophyllus parallel spindle 1 (DcPS1) regulates omission of second division like a (OSDLa) during pollen development and 2n gamete production in carnation meiosis. In DcPS1 and OSDLa RNAi lines, an absence of the second meiotic division and the abnormal orientation of spindles at meiosis II might be the main reason for dyad/triad formation, resulting in unreduced gametes. We also found that carnation OSDLa interacted with DcPS1 and DcRAD51D. In the DcPS1 RNAi lines, a decrease in OSDLa and DcRAD51D expression was observed. In the OSDLa RNAi lines, a decrease in DcPS1 and DcRAD51D expression was also observed. We propose that DcPS1 regulates OSDLa expression, allowing entry into meiosis II and the proper orientation of the metaphase II spindle in meiosis II. We also propose that OSDLa regulates DcRAD51D expression, allowing for homologous recombination. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a critical role for DcPS1 and OSDLa in diplogamete production during meiosis and open a new pathway for meiosis-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhou
- Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China.
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, PR China.
| | - Shuying Li
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, 2238 Beijing Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, PR China
| | - Xiaomi Yang
- Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
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11
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Underwood CJ, Mercier R. Engineering Apomixis: Clonal Seeds Approaching the Fields. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:201-225. [PMID: 35138881 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-013958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is a form of reproduction leading to clonal seeds and offspring that are genetically identical to the maternal plant. While apomixis naturally occurs in hundreds of plant species distributed across diverse plant families, it is absent in major crop species. Apomixis has a revolutionary potential in plant breeding, as it could allow the instant fixation and propagation though seeds of any plant genotype, most notably F1 hybrids. Mastering and implementing apomixis would reduce the cost of hybrid seed production, facilitate new types of hybrid breeding, and make it possible to harness hybrid vigor in crops that are not presently cultivated as hybrids. Synthetic apomixis can be engineered by combining modifications of meiosis and fertilization. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent major achievements toward the development of efficient apomictic systems usable in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
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12
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Bellos I, Boletis I, Lionaki S. A meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy of maintenance therapies for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody small-vessel vasculitis. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1074-1083. [PMID: 35570996 PMCID: PMC9091778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To compare the efficacy and safety of different regimens used for maintenance of remission in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis. Methods This network meta-analysis studied adult patients with ANCA vasculitis in complete remission, who were maintained with various regimens, excluding patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and those who have ended up in end-stage kidney disease. Outcomes of interest included relapse (any/major), relapse-free survival, and adverse effects. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception. Results Overall, the meta-analysis was based on 10 reports, describing the outcomes of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 752 patients with ANCA vasculitis. Relapse-free survival was significantly worse with the use of azathioprine (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.19–3.74), methotrexate (HR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.24–5.08), and mycophenolate mofetil (HR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.70–7.46) compared with the use of rituximab. Outcomes estimated for azathioprine (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37–0.94), cyclophosphamide (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.20–0.75), and leflunomide (HR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11–0.84) were better than those for mycophenolate mofetil. When examining relapse-free survival, relapses were more likely with use of azathioprine (odds ratio [OR]: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.00–4.59) and mycophenolate mofetil (OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.63–11.94) compared with the use of rituximab. The risk of major relapse calculated for azathioprine (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.10–5.19), methotrexate (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.14–8.89), and mycophenolate mofetil (OR: 5.20, 95% CI: 1.65–16.37) was higher than that for rituximab. The rates of serious adverse effects did not differ significantly among interventions. Conclusion Rituximab appears predominant in maintaining remission in patients with ANCA vasculitis with no cost in adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bellos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Boletis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Lionaki
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nephrology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: Sophia Lionaki, Department of Nephrology, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece.
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13
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Zuch DT, Doyle SM, Majda M, Smith RS, Robert S, Torii KU. Cell biology of the leaf epidermis: Fate specification, morphogenesis, and coordination. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:209-227. [PMID: 34623438 PMCID: PMC8774078 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As the outermost layer of plants, the epidermis serves as a critical interface between plants and the environment. During leaf development, the differentiation of specialized epidermal cell types, including stomatal guard cells, pavement cells, and trichomes, occurs simultaneously, each providing unique and pivotal functions for plant growth and survival. Decades of molecular-genetic and physiological studies have unraveled key players and hormone signaling specifying epidermal differentiation. However, most studies focus on only one cell type at a time, and how these distinct cell types coordinate as a unit is far from well-comprehended. Here we provide a review on the current knowledge of regulatory mechanisms underpinning the fate specification, differentiation, morphogenesis, and positioning of these specialized cell types. Emphasis is given to their shared developmental origins, fate flexibility, as well as cell cycle and hormonal controls. Furthermore, we discuss computational modeling approaches to integrate how mechanical properties of individual epidermal cell types and entire tissue/organ properties mutually influence each other. We hope to illuminate the underlying mechanisms coordinating the cell differentiation that ultimately generate a functional leaf epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mateusz Majda
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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14
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Kuan C, Yang SL, Ho CMK. Using quantitative methods to understand leaf epidermal development. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e28. [PMID: 37077990 PMCID: PMC10097589 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As the interface between plants and the environment, the leaf epidermis provides the first layer of protection against drought, ultraviolet light, and pathogen attack. This cell layer comprises highly coordinated and specialised cells such as stomata, pavement cells and trichomes. While much has been learned from the genetic dissection of stomatal, trichome and pavement cell formation, emerging methods in quantitative measurements that monitor cellular or tissue dynamics will allow us to further investigate cell state transitions and fate determination in leaf epidermal development. In this review, we introduce the formation of epidermal cell types in Arabidopsis and provide examples of quantitative tools to describe phenotypes in leaf research. We further focus on cellular factors involved in triggering cell fates and their quantitative measurements in mechanistic studies and biological patterning. A comprehensive understanding of how a functional leaf epidermis develops will advance the breeding of crops with improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kuan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Li Yang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Min Kimmy Ho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Author for correspondence: C.-M. K. Ho, E-mail:
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15
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Li Y, Xue S, He Q, Wang J, Zhu L, Zou J, Zhang J, Zuo C, Fan Z, Yue J, Zhang C, Yang K, Le J. Arabidopsis F-BOX STRESS INDUCED 4 is required to repress excessive divisions in stomatal development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:56-72. [PMID: 34817930 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the terminal stage of stomatal development, the R2R3-MYB transcription factors FOUR LIPS (FLP/MYB124) and MYB88 limit guard mother cell division by repressing the transcript levels of multiple cell-cycle genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana possessing the weak allele flp-1, an extra guard mother cell division results in two stomata having direct contact. Here, we identified an ethylmethane sulfonate-mutagenized mutant, flp-1 xs01c, which exhibited more severe defects than flp-1 alone, producing giant tumor-like cell clusters. XS01C, encoding F-BOX STRESS-INDUCED 4 (FBS4), is preferentially expressed in epidermal stomatal precursor cells. Overexpressing FBS4 rescued the defective stomatal phenotypes of flp-1 xs01c and flp-1 mutants. The deletion or substitution of a conserved residue (Proline166) within the F-box domain of FBS4 abolished or reduced, respectively, its interaction with Arabidopsis Skp1-Like1 (ASK1), the core subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, the FBS4 protein physically interacted with CYCA2;3 and induced its degradation through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. Thus, in addition to the known transcriptional pathway, the terminal symmetric division in stomatal development is ensured at the post-translational level, such as through the ubiquitination of target proteins recognized by the stomatal lineage F-box protein FBS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- The Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qixiumei He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Wenbo School, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoran Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junling Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kezhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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16
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Echevarría C, Gutierrez C, Desvoyes B. Tools for Assessing Cell-Cycle Progression in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1231-1238. [PMID: 34021583 PMCID: PMC8579159 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of cell-cycle parameters is crucial for understanding the developmental programs established during the formation of an organism. A number of complementary approaches have been developed and adapted to plants to assess the cell-cycle status in different proliferative tissues. The most classical methods relying on metabolic labeling are still very much employed and give valuable information on cell-cycle progression in fixed tissues. However, the growing knowledge of plant cell-cycle regulators with defined expression pattern together with the development of fluorescent proteins technology enabled the generation of fusion proteins that function individually or in conjunction as cell-cycle reporters. Together with the improvement of imaging techniques, in vivo live imaging to monitor plant cell-cycle progression in normal growth conditions or in response to different stimuli has been possible. Here, we review these tools and their specific outputs for plant cell-cycle analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Echevarría
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Crisanto Gutierrez
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain
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17
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Yamoune A, Cuyacot AR, Zdarska M, Hejatko J. Hormonal orchestration of root apical meristem formation and maintenance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6768-6788. [PMID: 34343283 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are key regulators of a number of developmental and adaptive responses in plants, integrating the control of intrinsic developmental regulatory circuits with environmental inputs. Here we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying hormonal regulation of root development. We focus on key events during both embryonic and post-embryonic development, including specification of the hypophysis as a future organizer of the root apical meristem (RAM), hypophysis asymmetric division, specification of the quiescent centre (QC) and the stem cell niche (SCN), RAM maturation and maintenance of QC/SCN activity, and RAM size. We address both well-established and newly proposed concepts, highlight potential ambiguities in recent terminology and classification criteria of longitudinal root zonation, and point to contrasting results and alternative scenarios for recent models. In the concluding remarks, we summarize the common principles of hormonal control during root development and the mechanisms potentially explaining often antagonistic outputs of hormone action, and propose possible future research directions on hormones in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Yamoune
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail Rubiato Cuyacot
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zdarska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejatko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Li W. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the candidate genes involved in SDR unreduced female gamete formation in the diploid rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.). J RUBBER RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-021-00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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An Arabidopsis AT-hook motif nuclear protein mediates somatic embryogenesis and coinciding genome duplication. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2508. [PMID: 33947865 PMCID: PMC8096963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant somatic cells can be reprogrammed into totipotent embryonic cells that are able to form differentiated embryos in a process called somatic embryogenesis (SE), by hormone treatment or through overexpression of certain transcription factor genes, such as BABY BOOM (BBM). Here we show that overexpression of the AT-HOOK MOTIF CONTAINING NUCLEAR LOCALIZED 15 (AHL15) gene induces formation of somatic embryos on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in the absence of hormone treatment. During zygotic embryogenesis, AHL15 expression starts early in embryo development, and AH15 and other AHL genes are required for proper embryo patterning and development beyond the globular stage. Moreover, AHL15 and several of its homologs are upregulated and required for SE induction upon hormone treatment, and they are required for efficient BBM-induced SE as downstream targets of BBM. A significant number of plants derived from AHL15 overexpression-induced somatic embryos are polyploid. Polyploidisation occurs by endomitosis specifically during the initiation of SE, and is caused by strong heterochromatin decondensation induced by AHL15 overexpression.
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20
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Ho CMK, Bringmann M, Oshima Y, Mitsuda N, Bergmann DC. Transcriptional profiling reveals signatures of latent developmental potential in Arabidopsis stomatal lineage ground cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021682118. [PMID: 33875598 PMCID: PMC8092560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021682118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many developmental contexts, cell lineages have variable or flexible potency to self-renew. What drives a cell to exit from a proliferative state and begin differentiation, or to retain the capacity to divide days or years later is not clear. Here we exploit the mixed potential of the stomatal lineage ground cell (SLGC) in the Arabidopsis leaf epidermis as a model to explore how cells might balance potential to differentiate with a reentry into proliferation. By generating transcriptomes of fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated populations that combinatorically define SLGCs and integrating these data with other stomatal lineage datasets, we find that SLGCs appear poised between proliferation and endoreduplication. Furthermore, we found the RNA polymerase II-related mediator complex interactor DEK and the transcription factor MYB16 accumulate differentially in the stomatal lineage and influence the extent of cell proliferation during leaf development. These findings suggest that SLGC latent potential is maintained by poising of the cell cycle machinery, as well as general and site-specific gene-expression regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Min Kimmy Ho
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020;
| | - Martin Bringmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
| | - Yoshimi Oshima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 305-8562 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 305-8562 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020;
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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21
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Orr JN, Waugh R, Colas I. Ubiquitination in Plant Meiosis: Recent Advances and High Throughput Methods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667314. [PMID: 33897750 PMCID: PMC8058418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division which is essential to sexual reproduction. The success of this highly ordered process involves the timely activation, interaction, movement, and removal of many proteins. Ubiquitination is an extraordinarily diverse post-translational modification with a regulatory role in almost all cellular processes. During meiosis, ubiquitin localizes to chromatin and the expression of genes related to ubiquitination appears to be enhanced. This may be due to extensive protein turnover mediated by proteasomal degradation. However, degradation is not the only substrate fate conferred by ubiquitination which may also mediate, for example, the activation of key transcription factors. In plant meiosis, the specific roles of several components of the ubiquitination cascade-particularly SCF complex proteins, the APC/C, and HEI10-have been partially characterized indicating diverse roles in chromosome segregation, recombination, and synapsis. Nonetheless, these components remain comparatively poorly understood to their counterparts in other processes and in other eukaryotes. In this review, we present an overview of our understanding of the role of ubiquitination in plant meiosis, highlighting recent advances, remaining challenges, and high throughput methods which may be used to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N. Orr
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Agriculture and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabelle Colas
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Narukawa H, Yokoyama R, Kuroha T, Nishitani K. Host-produced ethylene is required for marked cell expansion and endoreduplication in dodder search hyphae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:491-502. [PMID: 33721891 PMCID: PMC8133569 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cuscuta comprises stem holoparasitic plant species with wide geographic distribution. Cuscuta spp. obtain water, nutrients, proteins, and mRNA from their host plants via a parasitic organ called the haustorium. As the haustorium penetrates into the host tissue, search hyphae elongate within the host tissue and finally connect with the host's vascular system. Invasion by Cuscuta spp. evokes various reactions within the host plant's tissues. Here, we show that, when Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is invaded by Cuscuta campestris, ethylene biosynthesis by the host plant promotes elongation of the parasite's search hyphae. The expression of genes encoding 1-aminocylclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthases, ACC SYNTHASE2 (AtACS2) and ACC SYNTHASE6 (AtACS6), was activated in the stem of Arabidopsis plants upon invasion by C. campestris. When the ethylene-deficient Arabidopsis acs octuple mutant was invaded by C. campestris, cell elongation and endoreduplication of the search hyphae were significantly reduced, and the inhibition of search hyphae growth was complemented by exogenous application of ACC. In contrast, in the C. campestris-infected Arabidopsis ethylene-insensitive mutant etr1-3, no growth inhibition of search hyphae was observed, indicating that ETHYLENE RESPONSE1-mediated ethylene signaling in the host plant is not essential for parasitism by C. campestris. Overall, our results suggest that C. campestris recognizes host-produced ethylene as a stimulatory signal for successful invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Narukawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yokoyama
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishitani
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Author for communication: (K.N.)
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SPEECHLESS and MUTE Mediate Feedback Regulation of Signal Transduction during Stomatal Development. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030432. [PMID: 33668323 PMCID: PMC7996297 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal density, spacing, and patterning greatly influence the efficiency of gas exchange, photosynthesis, and water economy. They are regulated by a complex of extracellular and intracellular factors through the signaling pathways. After binding the extracellular epidermal patterning factor 1 (EPF1) and 2 (EPF2) as ligands, the receptor-ligand complexes activate by phosphorylation through the MAP-kinase cascades, regulating basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways running within the transition of the protodermal cell into a pair of guard cells with a space (aperture) between them, called a stoma, comprising asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions and draw several functional models. The feedback mechanisms involving the bHLH factors SPCH and MUTE are not fully recognized yet. We show the feedback mechanisms driven by SPCH and MUTE in the regulation of EPF2 and the ERECTA family. Intersections of the molecular mechanisms for fate determination of stomatal lineage cells with the role of core cell cycle-related genes and stabilization of SPCH and MUTE are also reported.
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Saleme MDLS, Andrade IR, Eloy NB. The Role of Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in Plant Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642934. [PMID: 33719322 PMCID: PMC7943633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic species propagate through sexual reproduction that requires male and female gametes. In flowering plants, it starts through a single round of DNA replication (S phase) and two consecutive chromosome segregation (meiosis I and II). Subsequently, haploid mitotic divisions occur, which results in a male gametophyte (pollen grain) and a female gametophyte (embryo sac) formation. In order to obtain viable gametophytes, accurate chromosome segregation is crucial to ensure ploidy stability. A precise gametogenesis progression is tightly regulated in plants and is controlled by multiple mechanisms to guarantee a correct evolution through meiotic cell division and sexual differentiation. In the past years, research in the field has shown an important role of the conserved E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), in this process. The APC/C is a multi-subunit complex that targets proteins for degradation via proteasome 26S. The functional characterization of APC/C subunits in Arabidopsis, which is one of the main E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle, has revealed that all subunits investigated so far are essential for gametophytic development and/or embryogenesis.
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25
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Banerjee G, Singh D, Sinha AK. Plant cell cycle regulators: Mitogen-activated protein kinase, a new regulating switch? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110660. [PMID: 33218628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle is essential for the maintenance of genetic material and continuity of a species. Its regulation involves a complex interplay between multiple proteins with diverse molecular functions such as the kinases, transcription factors, proteases and phosphatases. Every step of this cycle requires a certain combination of these protein regulators which paves the way for the next stage. It is now evident that plants have their own unique features in the context of cell cycle regulation. Cell cycle in plants is not only necessary for maintenance of its physio-morphological parameter but it also regulates traits important for mankind like grain or fruit size. This makes it even more important to understand how plants regulate its cell cycle amidst various a/biotic stresses it is subjected to during its lifetime. The association of MAPK signaling pathways with every major developmental and stress response pathways in plants raises the question of its potential role in cell cycle regulation. There are number of cell cycle regulating proteins with putative sites for MAPK phosphorylation. The MAPK signaling pathway may directly or in a parallel pathway regulate the plant cell cycle. Unraveling the role of MAPK in cell cycle will open up new arenas to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Banerjee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dhanraj Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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26
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Wu R, Zheng W, Tan J, Sammer R, Du L, Lu C. Protein partners of plant ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:227-236. [PMID: 31630936 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one type of deubiquitinases (DUBs), ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs) play an extensive and significant role in plant life involving the regulation of plant development and stress responses. However, comprehensive studies are still needed to determine the functional mechanisms, which are largely unclear. Here, we summarized recent progress of plant UBPs' functional partners, particularly the molecular mechanisms by which UBPs work with their partners. We believe that functional analyses of UBPs and their partners will provide new insights into protein deubiquitination and lead to a better understanding of the physiological roles of UBPs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenqing Zheng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinyi Tan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rana Sammer
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Cunfu Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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27
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Han SK, Torii KU. Linking cell cycle to stomatal differentiation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:66-73. [PMID: 31075538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal differentiation manifests via several rounds of asymmetric cell division and a single symmetric cell division: the former, formative divisions amplify the number of epidermal cells, and the latter is essential for creating a functional guard cell pair. These cell division patterns are coordinated with progressive fate specification and cell-state transitional steps, which rely on the transcriptional regulation by a set of cell type-specific basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors. It has been proposed that the mechanisms underlying cell-fate decision and cell cycle progression are interconnected in a wide range of developmental processes. This review highlights the recent findings on how cell cycle regulators are transcriptionally regulated and contributing to each step of stomatal lineage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Han
- Institute of Transformative BioMolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative BioMolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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28
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Yang C, Sofroni K, Wijnker E, Hamamura Y, Carstens L, Harashima H, Stolze SC, Vezon D, Chelysheva L, Orban-Nemeth Z, Pochon G, Nakagami H, Schlögelhofer P, Grelon M, Schnittger A. The Arabidopsis Cdk1/Cdk2 homolog CDKA;1 controls chromosome axis assembly during plant meiosis. EMBO J 2019; 39:e101625. [PMID: 31556459 PMCID: PMC6996576 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is key to sexual reproduction and genetic diversity. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1/Cdk2 homolog CDKA;1 is an important regulator of meiosis needed for several aspects of meiosis such as chromosome synapsis. We identify the chromosome axis protein ASYNAPTIC 1 (ASY1), the Arabidopsis homolog of Hop1 (homolog pairing 1), essential for synaptonemal complex formation, as a target of CDKA;1. The phosphorylation of ASY1 is required for its recruitment to the chromosome axis via ASYNAPTIC 3 (ASY3), the Arabidopsis reductional division 1 (Red1) homolog, counteracting the disassembly activity of the AAA+ ATPase PACHYTENE CHECKPOINT 2 (PCH2). Furthermore, we have identified the closure motif in ASY1, typical for HORMA domain proteins, and provide evidence that the phosphorylation of ASY1 regulates the putative self-polymerization of ASY1 along the chromosome axis. Hence, the phosphorylation of ASY1 by CDKA;1 appears to be a two-pronged mechanism to initiate chromosome axis formation in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kostika Sofroni
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erik Wijnker
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Carstens
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Vezon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Liudmila Chelysheva
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Orban-Nemeth
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaëtan Pochon
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Schlögelhofer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Fambrini M, Pugliesi C. The Dynamic Genetic-Hormonal Regulatory Network Controlling the Trichome Development in Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E253. [PMID: 31357744 PMCID: PMC6724107 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes are outgrowths developed from an epidermal pavement cells of leaves and other organs. Trichomes (also called 'hairs') play well-recognized roles in defense against insect herbivores, forming a physical barrier that obstructs insect movement and mediating chemical defenses. In addition, trichomes can act as a mechanosensory switch, transducing mechanical stimuli (e.g., insect movement) into physiological signals, helping the plant to respond to insect attacks. Hairs can also modulate plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as water loss, an excess of light and temperature, and reflect light to protect plants against UV radiation. The structure of trichomes is species-specific and this trait is generally related to their function. These outgrowths are easily analyzed and their origin represents an outstanding subject to study epidermal cell fate and patterning in plant organs. In leaves, the developmental control of the trichomatous complement has highlighted a regulatory network based on four fundamental elements: (i) genes that activate and/or modify the normal cell cycle of epidermal pavement cells (i.e., endoreduplication cycles); (ii) transcription factors that create an activator/repressor complex with a central role in determining cell fate, initiation, and differentiation of an epidermal cell in trichomes; (iii) evidence that underlines the interplay of the aforesaid complex with different classes of phytohormones; (iv) epigenetic mechanisms involved in trichome development. Here, we reviewed the role of genes in the development of trichomes, as well as the interaction between genes and hormones. Furthermore, we reported basic studies about the regulation of the cell cycle and the complexity of trichomes. Finally, this review focused on the epigenetic factors involved in the initiation and development of hairs, mainly on leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fambrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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30
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Bolaños-Villegas P, Xu W, Martínez-García M, Pradillo M, Wang Y. Insights Into the Role of Ubiquitination in Meiosis: Fertility, Adaptation and Plant Breeding. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2018; 16:e0187. [PMID: 31068764 PMCID: PMC6501859 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification process that plays a central role in protein degradation in eukaryotic cell cell division, including meiosis. This modification affects different cellular processes on a global scale by its pleiotropic ability to modify numerous proteins. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and involves two rounds of nuclear division following a single round of DNA replication to produce haploid gametes. Unlike mitosis, meiosis has a unique prophase I, which involves homologous chromosome interaction including pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation. Over the last several decades, molecular genetic studies have identified many proteins that participate in meiotic progression. In this review, we focus on the recent advances regarding the role of ubiquitination during plant meiotic cell cycle progression and recombination, especially the role played by the Anaphase-Promoting Complex and E3 ligases in modulating crossover formation and its impact on evolution and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bolaños-Villegas
- Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Research Station, University of Costa Rica, Alajuela 20102, Costa Rica
| | - Wanyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Marina Martínez-García
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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31
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Yang W, Wightman R, Meyerowitz EM. Cell Cycle Control by Nuclear Sequestration of CDC20 and CDH1 mRNA in Plant Stem Cells. Mol Cell 2017; 68:1108-1119.e3. [PMID: 29225038 PMCID: PMC6013263 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, most RNA molecules are exported into the cytoplasm after transcription. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) reside and function primarily inside the nucleus, but nuclear localization of mRNAs has been considered rare in both animals and plants. Here we show that Arabidopsis anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) coactivator genes CDC20 and CCS52B (CDH1 ortholog) are co-expressed with their target cyclin B genes (CYCBs) during mitosis. CYCB transcripts can be exported and translated; however, CDC20 and CCS52B mRNAs are confined to the nucleus at prophase, and the cognate proteins are not translated until the redistribution of the mRNAs to the cytoplasm after nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) at prometaphase. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) plays dual roles in CDC20 mRNA nuclear localization and translation. Mitotic accumulation of CDC20 and CCS52B transcripts enables the timely and rapid activation of APC/C, while the nuclear sequestration of these transcripts at prophase appears to protect cyclins from precocious degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Yang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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32
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Lavrekha VV, Pasternak T, Ivanov VB, Palme K, Mironova VV. 3D analysis of mitosis distribution highlights the longitudinal zonation and diarch symmetry in proliferation activity of the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:834-845. [PMID: 28921702 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To date CYCB1;1 marker and cortex cell lengths have been conventionally used to determine the proliferation activity of the Arabidopsis root meristem. By creating a 3D map of mitosis distribution we showed that these markers overlooked that stele and endodermis save their potency to divide longer than the cortex and epidermis. Cessation of cell divisions is not a random process, so that mitotic activity within the endodermis and stele shows a diarch pattern. Mitotic activity of all root tissues peaked at the same distance from the quiescent center (QC); however, different tissues stopped dividing at different distances, with cells of the protophloem exiting the cell cycle first and the procambial cells being the last. The robust profile of mitotic activity in the root tip defines the longitudinal zonation in the meristem with the proliferation domain, where all cells are able to divide; and the transition domain, where the cell files cease to divide. 3D analysis of cytokinin deficient and cytokinin signaling mutants showed that their proliferation domain is similar to that of the wild type, but the transition domain is much longer. Our data suggest a strong inhibitory effect of cytokinin on anticlinal cell divisions in the stele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya V Lavrekha
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Lavrentyev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- LCTEB, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Centre for BioSystems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Victor B Ivanov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Str. 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Centre for BioSystems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Victoria V Mironova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Lavrentyev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- LCTEB, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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33
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Nambo M, Kurihara D, Yamada T, Nishiwaki-Ohkawa T, Kadofusa N, Kimata Y, Kuwata K, Umeda M, Ueda M. Combination of Synthetic Chemistry and Live-Cell Imaging Identified a Rapid Cell Division Inhibitor in Tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2255-2268. [PMID: 27519314 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is crucial to the growth of multicellular organisms, and thus the proper control of cell division is important to prevent developmental arrest or overgrowth. Nevertheless, tools for controlling cell proliferation are still poor in plant. To develop novel tools, we focused on a specific compound family, triarylmethanes, whose members show various antiproliferative activities in animals. By combining organic chemistry to create novel and diverse compounds containing the triarylmethyl moiety and biological screens based on live-cell imaging of a fluorescently labeled tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) culture cell line (Nicotiana tabacum), we isolated (3-furyl)diphenylmethane as a strong but partially reversible inhibitor of plant cell division. We also found that this agent had efficient antiproliferative activity in developing organs of Arabidopsis thaliana without causing secondary defects in cell morphology, and induced rapid cell division arrest independent of the cell cycle stage. Given that (3-furyl)diphenylmethane did not affect the growth of a human cell line (HeLa) and a budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), it should act specifically on plants. Taking our results together, we propose that the combination of desired chemical synthesis and detailed biological analysis is an effective tool to create novel drugs, and that (3-furyl)diphenylmethane is a specific antiproliferative agent for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602 Japan
- JST, ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Taeko Nishiwaki-Ohkawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Naoya Kadofusa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimata
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Regulation, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- JST, CREST, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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34
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Mieulet D, Jolivet S, Rivard M, Cromer L, Vernet A, Mayonove P, Pereira L, Droc G, Courtois B, Guiderdoni E, Mercier R. Turning rice meiosis into mitosis. Cell Res 2016; 26:1242-1254. [PMID: 27767093 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of clonal reproduction through seeds (apomixis) in crops has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by allowing self-propagation of any elite variety, in particular F1 hybrids. In the sexual model plant Arabidopsis thaliana synthetic clonal reproduction through seeds can be artificially implemented by (i) combining three mutations to turn meiosis into mitosis (MiMe) and (ii) crossing the obtained clonal gametes with a line expressing modified CENH3 and whose genome is eliminated in the zygote. Here we show that additional combinations of mutations can turn Arabidopsis meiosis into mitosis and that a combination of three mutations in rice (Oryza sativa) efficiently turns meiosis into mitosis, leading to the production of male and female clonal diploid gametes in this major crop. Successful implementation of the MiMe technology in the phylogenetically distant eudicot Arabidopsis and monocot rice opens doors for its application to any flowering plant and paves the way for introducing apomixis in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Maud Rivard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Laurence Cromer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
| | | | | | - Lucie Pereira
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gaëtan Droc
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78000 Versailles, France
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Kasahara RD, Notaguchi M, Nagahara S, Suzuki T, Susaki D, Honma Y, Maruyama D, Higashiyama T. Pollen tube contents initiate ovule enlargement and enhance seed coat development without fertilization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600554. [PMID: 27819041 PMCID: PMC5091356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, pollen tubes carry two sperm cells toward the egg and central cells to complete double fertilization. In animals, not only sperm but also seminal plasma is required for proper fertilization. However, little is known regarding the function of pollen tube content (PTC), which is analogous to seminal plasma. We report that the PTC plays a vital role in the prefertilization state and causes an enlargement of ovules without fertilization. We termed this phenomenon as pollen tube-dependent ovule enlargement morphology and placed it between pollen tube guidance and double fertilization. Additionally, PTC increases endosperm nuclei without fertilization when combined with autonomous endosperm mutants. This finding could be applied in agriculture, particularly in enhancing seed formation without fertilization in important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryushiro D. Kasahara
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Kasahara Sakigake Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, JST, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
| | - Shiori Nagahara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, JST, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Susaki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Yujiro Honma
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Kasahara Sakigake Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, JST, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0814, Japan
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Yan X, Zeng X, Wang S, Li K, Yuan R, Gao H, Luo J, Liu F, Wu Y, Li Y, Zhu L, Wu G. Aberrant Meiotic Prophase I Leads to Genic Male Sterility in the Novel TE5A Mutant of Brassica napus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33955. [PMID: 27670217 PMCID: PMC5037387 DOI: 10.1038/srep33955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genic male sterility (GMS) has already been extensively utilized for hybrid rapeseed production. TE5A is a novel thermo-sensitive dominant GMS line in Brassica napus, however, its mechanisms of GMS remain largely unclear. Histological and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of anthers showed that the male gamete development of TE5A was arrested at meiosis prophase I. EdU uptake of S-phase meiocytes revealed that the TE5A mutant could accomplish DNA replication, however, chromosomal and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of TE5A showed that homologous chromosomes could not pair, synapse, condense and form bivalents. We then analyzed the transcriptome differences between young floral buds of sterile plants and its near-isogenic fertile plants through RNA-Seq. A total of 3,841 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, some of which were associated with homologous chromosome behavior and cell cycle control during meiosis. Dynamic expression changes of selected candidate DEGs were then analyzed at different anther developmental stages. The present study not only demonstrated that the TE5A mutant had defects in meiotic prophase I via detailed cytological analysis, but also provided a global insight into GMS-associated DEGs and elucidated the mechanisms of GMS in TE5A through RNA-Seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Keqi Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Junling Luo
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
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Xu Y, Jin W, Li N, Zhang W, Liu C, Li C, Li Y. UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE14 Interacts with ULTRAVIOLET-B INSENSITIVE4 to Regulate Endoreduplication and Cell and Organ Growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:1200-14. [PMID: 27099260 PMCID: PMC4904675 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Organ growth is determined by a coordinated combination of cell proliferation and cell growth and differentiation. Endoreduplication is often coupled with cell growth and differentiation, but the genetic and molecular mechanisms that link endoreduplication with cell and organ growth are largely unknown. Here, we describe UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE14 (UBP14), encoded by the DA3 gene, which functions as a negative regulator of endoreduplication. The Arabidopsis thaliana da3-1 mutant shows large cotyledons, leaves, and flowers with higher ploidy levels. UBP14 acts along with UV-B-INSENSITIVE4 (UVI4), an inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase, to repress endoreduplication. Also, UBP14 functions antagonistically with CELL CYCLE SWITCH52 A1 (CCS52A1), an activator of APC/C, to regulate endoreduplication. UBP14 physically associates with UVI4 both in vitro and in vivo but does not directly interact with CCS52A1. Further results reveal that UBP14 influences the stability of cyclin A2;3 (CYCA2;3) and cyclin-dependent kinase B1;1 (CDKB1;1), two downstream components of the APC/C Thus, our findings show how endoreduplication is linked with cell and organ growth by revealing important genetic and molecular functions for the ubiquitin-specific protease UBP14 and for the key cell cycle regulators UVI4, CCS52A1, CYCA2;3, and CDKB1;1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weihuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cuimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Higaki T, Kutsuna N, Akita K, Takigawa-Imamura H, Yoshimura K, Miura T. A Theoretical Model of Jigsaw-Puzzle Pattern Formation by Plant Leaf Epidermal Cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004833. [PMID: 27054467 PMCID: PMC4824374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant leaf epidermal cells exhibit a jigsaw puzzle-like pattern that is generated by interdigitation of the cell wall during leaf development. The contribution of two ROP GTPases, ROP2 and ROP6, to the cytoskeletal dynamics that regulate epidermal cell wall interdigitation has already been examined; however, how interactions between these molecules result in pattern formation remains to be elucidated. Here, we propose a simple interface equation model that incorporates both the cell wall remodeling activity of ROP GTPases and the diffusible signaling molecules by which they are regulated. This model successfully reproduces pattern formation observed in vivo, and explains the counterintuitive experimental results of decreased cellulose production and increased thickness. Our model also reproduces the dynamics of three-way cell wall junctions. Therefore, this model provides a possible mechanism for cell wall interdigitation formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Higaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumaro Kutsuna
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research and Development Division, LPixel Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Akita
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Takigawa-Imamura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cifuentes M, Jolivet S, Cromer L, Harashima H, Bulankova P, Renne C, Crismani W, Nomura Y, Nakagami H, Sugimoto K, Schnittger A, Riha K, Mercier R. TDM1 Regulation Determines the Number of Meiotic Divisions. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005856. [PMID: 26871453 PMCID: PMC4752240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control must be modified at meiosis to allow two divisions to follow a single round of DNA replication, resulting in ploidy reduction. The mechanisms that ensure meiosis termination at the end of the second and not at the end of first division are poorly understood. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana TDM1, which has been previously shown to be essential for meiotic termination, interacts directly with the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Further, mutations in TDM1 in a conserved putative Cyclin-Dependant Kinase (CDK) phosphorylation site (T16-P17) dominantly provoked premature meiosis termination after the first division, and the production of diploid spores and gametes. The CDKA;1-CYCA1.2/TAM complex, which is required to prevent premature meiotic exit, phosphorylated TDM1 at T16 in vitro. Finally, while CYCA1;2/TAM was previously shown to be expressed only at meiosis I, TDM1 is present throughout meiosis. These data, together with epistasis analysis, lead us to propose that TDM1 is an APC/C component whose function is to ensure meiosis termination at the end of meiosis II, and whose activity is inhibited at meiosis I by CDKA;1-TAM-mediated phosphorylation to prevent premature meiotic exit. This provides a molecular mechanism for the differential decision of performing an additional round of division, or not, at the end of meiosis I and II, respectively. Meiosis is a fundamental process for sexually reproducing organisms that creates genetic diversity within populations. A key feature of meiosis is the reduction of the number of chromosomes, from two sets to one set, prior to fertilization. This reduction in chromosome number is due to two cell divisions following a single round of DNA replication. In this study, we analysed the mechanism which controls the number of cell divisions, ensuring that meiotic termination occurs after the second meiotic division, and not at the end of the first division. We used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to show that the gene TDM1 has a central role in regulating meiotic cell divisions. The integrity of the gene affects whether one, two or three meiotic divisions will occur. We further explain the relationship between TDM1 and its regulator the cyclin TAM, and how they work together to produce reproductive cells with a reduced number of chromosomes. This tightly controlled mechanism ensures the transmission of the correct number of chromosomes from one generation to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cifuentes
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Cromer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Petra Bulankova
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Renne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Wayne Crismani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Yuko Nomura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karel Riha
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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Juraniec M, Heyman J, Schubert V, Salis P, De Veylder L, Verbruggen N. Arabidopsis COPPER MODIFIED RESISTANCE1/PATRONUS1 is essential for growth adaptation to stress and required for mitotic onset control. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:177-91. [PMID: 26261921 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint (MC) guards faithful sister chromatid segregation by monitoring the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochores. When chromosome attachment errors are detected, MC delays the metaphase-to-anaphase transition through the inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase. In contrast to yeast and mammals, our knowledge on the proteins involved in MC in plants is scarce. Transient synchronization of root tips as well as promoter-reporter gene fusions were performed to analyze temporal and spatial expression of COPPER MODIFIED RESISTANCE1/PATRONUS1 (CMR1/PANS1) in developing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Functional analysis of the gene was carried out, including CYCB1;2 stability in CMR1/PANS1 knockout and overexpressor background as well as metaphase-anaphase chromosome status. CMR1/PANS1 is transcriptionally active during M phase. Its deficiency provokes premature cell cycle exit and in consequence a rapid consumption of the number of meristematic cells in particular under stress conditions that are known to affect spindle microtubules. Root growth impairment is correlated with a failure to delay the onset of anaphase, resulting in anaphase bridges and chromosome missegregation. CMR1/PANS1 overexpression stabilizes the mitotic CYCB1;2 protein. Likely, CMR1/PANS1 coordinates mitotic cell cycle progression by acting as an APC/C inhibitor and plays a key role in growth adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Juraniec
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, D-06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Pietrino Salis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Hirakawa T, Matsunaga S. Three-Dimensional, Live-Cell Imaging of Chromatin Dynamics in Plant Nuclei Using Chromatin Tagging Systems. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1469:189-195. [PMID: 27557696 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4931-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In plants, chromatin dynamics spatiotemporally change in response to various environmental stimuli. However, little is known about chromatin dynamics in the nuclei of plants. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional, live-cell imaging method that can monitor chromatin dynamics in nuclei via a chromatin tagging system that can visualize specific genomic loci in living plant cells. The chromatin tagging system is based on a bacterial operator/repressor system in which the repressor is fused to fluorescent proteins. A recent refinement of promoters for the system solved the problem of gene silencing and abnormal pairing frequencies between operators. Using this system, we can detect the spatiotemporal dynamics of two homologous loci as two fluorescent signals within a nucleus and monitor the distance between homologous loci. These live-cell imaging methods will provide new insights into genome organization, development processes, and subnuclear responses to environmental stimuli in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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Andreuzza S, Nishal B, Singh A, Siddiqi I. The Chromatin Protein DUET/MMD1 Controls Expression of the Meiotic Gene TDM1 during Male Meiosis in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005396. [PMID: 26348709 PMCID: PMC4562639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis produces haploid cells essential for sexual reproduction. In yeast, entry into meiosis activates transcription factors which trigger a transcriptional cascade that results in sequential co-expression of early, middle and late meiotic genes. However, these factors are not conserved, and the factors and regulatory mechanisms that ensure proper meiotic gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes are poorly understood. Here, we report that DUET/MMD1, a PHD finger protein essential for Arabidopsis male meiosis, functions as a transcriptional regulator in plant meiosis. We find that DUET-PHD binds H3K4me2 in vitro, and show that this interaction is critical for function during meiosis. We also show that DUET is required for proper microtubule organization during meiosis II, independently of its function in meiosis I. Remarkably, DUET protein shows stage-specific expression, confined to diplotene. We identify two genes TDM1 and JAS with critical functions in cell cycle transitions and spindle organization in male meiosis, as DUET targets, with TDM1 being a direct target. Thus, DUET is required to regulate microtubule organization and cell cycle transitions during male meiosis, and functions as a direct transcription activator of the meiotic gene TDM1. Expression profiling showed reduced expression of a subset comprising about 12% of a known set of meiosis preferred genes in the duet mutant. Our results reveal the action of DUET as a transcriptional regulator during male meiosis in plants, and suggest that transcription of meiotic genes is under stagewise control in plants as in yeast. Meiosis is a critical event in sexual reproduction. During meiosis, chromosomes recombine and segregate twice consecutively to produce haploid daughter cells, which differentiate into gametes. In humans, errors in meiosis are the leading causes of congenital birth defects. In plants, bypassing the meiotic program can lead to production of clonal seeds that retain hybrid traits that otherwise segregate. Thus, understanding the controls of meiosis has major implications for both health and crop improvement. How meiotic gene expression is regulated in multicellular eukaryotes to promote entry into and progression through the meiotic program is poorly understood. Here we identify DUET, a protein essential for male meiosis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as a regulator of meiotic gene expression. We found that DUET is required for proper expression of JAS and TDM1. These genes function in male meiosis, and regulate spindle organization during meiosis II and cell cycle transitions, respectively. Expression of DUET at the end of prophase coincides with the onset of TDM1 expression, and DUET directly binds TDM1, indicating TDM1 is a direct target of DUET. Our results provide an initial framework for further elucidating the developmental and molecular controls of meiotic gene expression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Andreuzza
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (IS)
| | - Bindu Nishal
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Aparna Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Imran Siddiqi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (IS)
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Singh DK, Spillane C, Siddiqi I. PATRONUS1 is expressed in meiotic prophase I to regulate centromeric cohesion in Arabidopsis and shows synthetic lethality with OSD1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:201. [PMID: 26272661 PMCID: PMC4536785 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retention of sister centromere cohesion during meiosis I and its dissolution at meiosis II is necessary for balanced chromosome segregation and reduction of chromosome number. PATRONUS1 (PANS1) has recently been proposed to regulate centromere cohesion in Arabidopsis after meiosis I, during interkinesis. pans1 mutants lose centromere cohesion prematurely during interkinesis and segregate randomly at meiosis II. PANS1 protein interacts with components of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). RESULTS We show here that PANS1 protein is found mainly in prophase I of meiosis, with its level declining late in prophase I during diplotene. PANS1 also shows expression in dividing tissues. We demonstrate that, in addition to the previously reported premature loss of centromere cohesion during interkinesis, pans1 mutants show partially penetrant defects in centromere cohesion during meiosis I. We also determine that pans1 shows synthetic lethality at the level of the sporophyte, with Omission of Second Division 1 (osd1), which encodes a known inhibitor of the APC/C that is required for cell cycle progression during mitosis, as well as meiosis I and II. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that PANS1 is expressed mainly in meiosis I where it has an important function and together with previous studies indicate that PANS1 and OSD1 are part of a network linking centromere cohesion and cell cycle progression through control of APC/C activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Charles Spillane
- Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Botany and Plant Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Imran Siddiqi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Eichmann R, Schäfer P. Growth versus immunity--a redirection of the cell cycle? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 26:106-12. [PMID: 26190589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by plant pathogens significantly reduce growth and yield in agricultural crop production. Raising immunity in crops is therefore a major aim in breeding programs. However, efforts to enhance immunity are challenged by the occurrence of growth inhibition triggered by immunity that can be as detrimental as diseases. In this review, we will propose molecular models to explain the inhibitory growth-immunity crosstalk. We will briefly discuss why the resource reallocation model might not represent the driving force for the observed growth-immunity trade-offs. We suggest a model in which immunity redirects and initiates hormone signalling activities that can impair plant growth by antagonising cell cycle regulation and meristem activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Eichmann
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK.
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45
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Ikeuchi M, Iwase A, Rymen B, Harashima H, Shibata M, Ohnuma M, Breuer C, Morao AK, de Lucas M, De Veylder L, Goodrich J, Brady SM, Roudier F, Sugimoto K. PRC2 represses dedifferentiation of mature somatic cells in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15089. [PMID: 27250255 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant somatic cells are generally acknowledged to retain totipotency, the potential to develop into any cell type within an organism. This astonishing plasticity may contribute to a high regenerative capacity on severe damage, but how plants control this potential during normal post-embryonic development remains largely unknown(1,2). Here we show that POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 (PRC2), a chromatin regulator that maintains gene repression through histone modification, prevents dedifferentiation of mature somatic cells in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Loss-of-function mutants in PRC2 subunits initially develop unicellular root hairs indistinguishable from those in wild type but fail to retain the differentiated state, ultimately resulting in the generation of an unorganized cell mass and somatic embryos from a single root hair. Strikingly, mutant root hairs complete the normal endoreduplication programme, increasing their nuclear ploidy, but subsequently reinitiate mitotic division coupled with successive DNA replication. Our data show that the WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION3 (WIND3) and LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) genes are among the PRC2 targets involved in this reprogramming, as their ectopic overexpression partly phenocopies the dedifferentiation phenotype of PRC2 mutants. These findings unveil the pivotal role of PRC2-mediated gene repression in preventing unscheduled reprogramming of fully differentiated plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Ikeuchi
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Bart Rymen
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Harashima
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Michitaro Shibata
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mariko Ohnuma
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Breuer
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ana Karina Morao
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05 75230, France
| | - Miguel de Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 1002 Life Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Justin Goodrich
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, 1002 Life Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - François Roudier
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 05 75230, France
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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46
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Kobayashi K, Suzuki T, Iwata E, Nakamichi N, Suzuki T, Chen P, Ohtani M, Ishida T, Hosoya H, Müller S, Leviczky T, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Darula Z, Iwamoto A, Nomoto M, Tada Y, Higashiyama T, Demura T, Doonan JH, Hauser MT, Sugimoto K, Umeda M, Magyar Z, Bögre L, Ito M. Transcriptional repression by MYB3R proteins regulates plant organ growth. EMBO J 2015; 34:1992-2007. [PMID: 26069325 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, temporal and spatial regulation of cell proliferation is central for generating organs with defined sizes and morphologies. For establishing and maintaining the post-mitotic quiescent state during cell differentiation, it is important to repress genes with mitotic functions. We found that three of the Arabidopsis MYB3R transcription factors synergistically maintain G2/M-specific genes repressed in post-mitotic cells and restrict the time window of mitotic gene expression in proliferating cells. The combined mutants of the three repressor-type MYB3R genes displayed long roots, enlarged leaves, embryos, and seeds. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that MYB3R3 binds to the promoters of G2/M-specific genes and to E2F target genes. MYB3R3 associates with the repressor-type E2F, E2FC, and the RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED proteins. In contrast, the activator MYB3R4 was in complex with E2FB in proliferating cells. With mass spectrometry and pairwise interaction assays, we identified some of the other conserved components of the multiprotein complexes, known as DREAM/dREAM in human and flies. In plants, these repressor complexes are important for periodic expression during cell cycle and to establish a post-mitotic quiescent state determining organ size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan JST, CREST, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eriko Iwata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihito Nakamichi
- WPI Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Poyu Chen
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hanako Hosoya
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sabine Müller
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tünde Leviczky
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Darula
- Laboratory of Proteomic Research, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Akitoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Nomoto
- Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- WPI Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan Graduate School of Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - John H Doonan
- The National Plant Phenomics Centre, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan JST, CREST, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary Royal Holloway, School of Biological Sciences, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway, School of Biological Sciences, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan JST, CREST, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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47
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Ronceret A, Vielle-Calzada JP. Meiosis, unreduced gametes, and parthenogenesis: implications for engineering clonal seed formation in crops. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2015; 28:91-102. [PMID: 25796397 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis and unreduced gametes. Sexual flowering plants produce meiotically derived cells that give rise to the male and female haploid gametophytic phase. In the ovule, usually a single precursor (the megaspore mother cell) undergoes meiosis to form four haploid megaspores; however, numerous mutants result in the formation of unreduced gametes, sometimes showing female specificity, a phenomenon reminiscent of the initiation of gametophytic apomixis. Here, we review the developmental events that occur during female meiosis and megasporogenesis at the light of current possibilities to engineer unreduced gamete formation. We also provide an overview of the current understanding of mechanisms leading to parthenogenesis and discuss some of the conceptual implications for attempting the induction of clonal seed production in cultivated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Ronceret
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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48
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Cross FR, Umen JG. The Chlamydomonas cell cycle. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:370-392. [PMID: 25690512 PMCID: PMC4409525 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The position of Chlamydomonas within the eukaryotic phylogeny makes it a unique model in at least two important ways: as a representative of the critically important, early-diverging lineage leading to plants; and as a microbe retaining important features of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) that has been lost in the highly studied yeast lineages. Its cell biology has been studied for many decades and it has well-developed experimental genetic tools, both classical (Mendelian) and molecular. Unlike land plants, it is a haploid with very few gene duplicates, making it ideal for loss-of-function genetic studies. The Chlamydomonas cell cycle has a striking temporal and functional separation between cell growth and rapid cell division, probably connected to the interplay between diurnal cycles that drive photosynthetic cell growth and the cell division cycle; it also exhibits a highly choreographed interaction between the cell cycle and its centriole-basal body-flagellar cycle. Here, we review the current status of studies of the Chlamydomonas cell cycle. We begin with an overview of cell-cycle control in the well-studied yeast and animal systems, which has yielded a canonical, well-supported model. We discuss briefly what is known about similarities and differences in plant cell-cycle control, compared with this model. We next review the cytology and cell biology of the multiple-fission cell cycle of Chlamydomonas. Lastly, we review recent genetic approaches and insights into Chlamydomonas cell-cycle regulation that have been enabled by a new generation of genomics-based tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James G Umen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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49
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Breakspear A, Liu C, Roy S, Stacey N, Rogers C, Trick M, Morieri G, Mysore KS, Wen J, Oldroyd GED, Downie JA, Murray JD. The root hair "infectome" of Medicago truncatula uncovers changes in cell cycle genes and reveals a requirement for Auxin signaling in rhizobial infection. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4680-701. [PMID: 25527707 PMCID: PMC4311213 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.133496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing rhizobia colonize legume roots via plant-made intracellular infection threads. Genetics has identified some genes involved but has not provided sufficient detail to understand requirements for infection thread development. Therefore, we transcriptionally profiled Medicago truncatula root hairs prior to and during the initial stages of infection. This revealed changes in the responses to plant hormones, most notably auxin, strigolactone, gibberellic acid, and brassinosteroids. Several auxin responsive genes, including the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana Auxin Response Factor 16, were induced at infection sites and in nodule primordia, and mutation of ARF16a reduced rhizobial infection. Associated with the induction of auxin signaling genes, there was increased expression of cell cycle genes including an A-type cyclin and a subunit of the anaphase promoting complex. There was also induction of several chalcone O-methyltransferases involved in the synthesis of an inducer of Sinorhizobium meliloti nod genes, as well as a gene associated with Nod factor degradation, suggesting both positive and negative feedback loops that control Nod factor levels during rhizobial infection. We conclude that the onset of infection is associated with reactivation of the cell cycle as well as increased expression of genes required for hormone and flavonoid biosynthesis and that the regulation of auxin signaling is necessary for initiation of rhizobial infection threads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Breakspear
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sonali Roy
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Stacey
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Rogers
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Trick
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Morieri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Division of Plant Biology, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Division of Plant Biology, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - J Allan Downie
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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50
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Endopolyploidization and flowering time are antagonistically regulated by checkpoint component MAD1 and immunity modulator MOS1. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5628. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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