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Wang P, Zhong Y, Li Y, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Li J, Chen Z, Limpens E. The phosphate starvation response regulator PHR2 antagonizes arbuscule maintenance in Medicago. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38803107 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation response (PHR) transcription factors play essential roles in regulating phosphate uptake in plants through binding to the P1BS cis-element in the promoter of phosphate starvation response genes. Recently, PHRs were also shown to positively regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in rice and lotus by controlling the expression of many symbiotic genes. However, their role in arbuscule development has remained unclear. In Medicago, we previously showed that arbuscule degradation is controlled by two SPX proteins that are highly expressed in arbuscule-containing cells. Since SPX proteins bind to PHRs and repress their activity in a phosphate-dependent manner, we investigated whether arbuscule maintenance is also regulated by PHR. Here, we show that PHR2 is a major regulator of the phosphate starvation response in Medicago. Knockout of phr2 showed reduced phosphate starvation response, symbiotic gene expression, and fungal colonization levels. However, the arbuscules that formed showed less degradation, suggesting a negative role for PHR2 in arbuscule maintenance. This was supported by the observation that overexpression of PHR2 led to enhanced degradation of arbuscules. Although many arbuscule-induced genes contain P1BS elements in their promoters, we found that the P1BS cis-elements in the promoter of the symbiotic phosphate transporter PT4 are not required for arbuscule-containing cell expression. Since both PHR2 and SPX1/3 negatively affect arbuscule maintenance, our results indicate that they control arbuscule maintenance partly via different mechanisms. While PHR2 potentiates symbiotic gene expression and colonization, its activity in arbuscule-containing cells needs to be tightly controlled to maintain a successful symbiosis in Medicago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Yanan Zhong
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Wenqian Zhu
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yuexuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zuohong Chen
- Laboratory of Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Erik Limpens
- Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
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Corrêa A, Ferrol N, Cruz C. Testing the trade-balance model: resource stoichiometry does not sufficiently explain AM effects. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1561-1575. [PMID: 38009528 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Variations in arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) effects on plant growth (MGR) are commonly assumed to result from cost : benefit balances, with C as the cost and, most frequently, P as the benefit. The trade-balance model (TBM) adopts these assumptions and hypothesizes that mycorrhizal benefit depends on C : N : P stoichiometry. Although widely accepted, the TBM has not been experimentally tested. We isolated the parameters included in the TBM and tested these assumptions using it as framework. Oryza sativa plants were supplied with different N : P ratios at low light level, establishing different C : P and C : N exchange rates, and C, N or P limitation. MGR and effects on nutrient uptake, %M, ERM, photosynthesis and shoot starch were measured. C distribution to AM fungi played no role in MGR, and N was essential for all AM effects, including on P nutrition. C distribution to AM and MGR varied with the limiting nutrient (N or P), and evidence of extensive interplay between N and P was observed. The TBM was not confirmed. The results agreed with the exchange of surplus resources and source-sink regulation of resource distribution among plants and AMF. Rather than depending on exchange rates, resource exchange may simply obey both symbiont needs, not requiring further regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corrêa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuria Ferrol
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Zhao B, Jia X, Yu N, Murray JD, Yi K, Wang E. Microbe-dependent and independent nitrogen and phosphate acquisition and regulation in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1507-1522. [PMID: 37715479 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most important macronutrients required for plant growth and development. To cope with the limited and uneven distribution of N and P in complicated soil environments, plants have evolved intricate molecular strategies to improve nutrient acquisition that involve adaptive root development, production of root exudates, and the assistance of microbes. Recently, great advances have been made in understanding the regulation of N and P uptake and utilization and how plants balance the direct uptake of nutrients from the soil with the nutrient acquisition from beneficial microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhiza. Here, we summarize the major advances in these areas and highlight plant responses to changes in nutrient availability in the external environment through local and systemic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518054, China
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4
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Serrano K, Bezrutczyk M, Goudeau D, Dao T, O'Malley R, Malmstrom RR, Visel A, Scheller HV, Cole B. Spatial co-transcriptomics reveals discrete stages of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:673-688. [PMID: 38589485 PMCID: PMC11035146 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is ancient and widespread. Plants provide AM fungi with carbon in exchange for nutrients and water, making this interaction a prime target for crop improvement. However, plant-fungal interactions are restricted to a small subset of root cells, precluding the application of most conventional functional genomic techniques to study the molecular bases of these interactions. Here we used single-nucleus and spatial RNA sequencing to explore both Medicago truncatula and Rhizophagus irregularis transcriptomes in AM symbiosis at cellular and spatial resolution. Integrated, spatially registered single-cell maps revealed infected and uninfected plant root cell types. We observed that cortex cells exhibit distinct transcriptome profiles during different stages of colonization by AM fungi, indicating dynamic interplay between both organisms during establishment of the cellular interface enabling successful symbiosis. Our study provides insight into a symbiotic relationship of major agricultural and environmental importance and demonstrates a paradigm combining single-cell and spatial transcriptomics for the analysis of complex organismal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Serrano
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Goudeau
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thai Dao
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronan O'Malley
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rex R Malmstrom
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Cole
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Zorin EA, Sulima AS, Zhernakov AI, Kuzmina DO, Rakova VA, Kliukova MS, Romanyuk DA, Kulaeva OA, Akhtemova GA, Shtark OY, Tikhonovich IA, Zhukov VA. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Breeding Line 'Triumph' with High Symbiotic Responsivity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:78. [PMID: 38202386 PMCID: PMC10781049 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.), like most legumes, forms mutualistic symbioses with nodule bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The positive effect of inoculation is partially determined by the plant genotype; thus, pea varieties with high and low symbiotic responsivity have been described, but the molecular genetic basis of this trait remains unknown. Here, we compare the symbiotically responsive breeding line 'Triumph' of grain pea with its parental cultivars 'Vendevil' (a donor of high symbiotic responsivity) and 'Classic' (a donor of agriculturally valuable traits) using genome and transcriptome sequencing. We show that 'Triumph' inherited one-fourth of its genome from 'Vendevil', including the genes related to AM and nodule formation, and reveal that under combined inoculation with nodule bacteria and AM fungi, 'Triumph' and 'Vendevil', in contrast to 'Classic', demonstrate similar up-regulation of the genes related to solute transport, hormonal regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis in their roots. We also identify the gene PsGLP2, whose expression pattern distinguishing 'Triumph' and 'Vendevil' from 'Classic' correlates with difference within the promoter region sequence, making it a promising marker for the symbiotic responsivity trait. The results of this study may be helpful for future molecular breeding programs aimed at creation of symbiotically responsive cultivars of pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Zorin
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Anton S. Sulima
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Aleksandr I. Zhernakov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Daria O. Kuzmina
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Valeria A. Rakova
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Russia;
| | - Marina S. Kliukova
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Daria A. Romanyuk
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Olga A. Kulaeva
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Gulnar A. Akhtemova
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Oksana Y. Shtark
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Igor A. Tikhonovich
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Zhukov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Russia;
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Scholz SS, Barth E, Clément G, Marmagne A, Ludwig-Müller J, Sakakibara H, Kiba T, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Pollmann S, Krapp A, Oelmüller R. The Root-Colonizing Endophyte Piriformospora indica Supports Nitrogen-Starved Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings with Nitrogen Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15372. [PMID: 37895051 PMCID: PMC10607921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The root-colonizing endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica promotes the root and shoot growth of its host plants. We show that the growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves is abolished when the seedlings are grown on media with nitrogen (N) limitation. The fungus neither stimulated the total N content nor did it promote 15NO3- uptake from agar plates to the leaves of the host under N-sufficient or N-limiting conditions. However, when the roots were co-cultivated with 15N-labelled P. indica, more labels were detected in the leaves of N-starved host plants but not in plants supplied with sufficient N. Amino acid and primary metabolite profiles, as well as the expression analyses of N metabolite transporter genes suggest that the fungus alleviates the adaptation of its host from the N limitation condition. P. indica alters the expression of transporter genes, which participate in the relocation of NO3-, NH4+ and N metabolites from the roots to the leaves under N limitation. We propose that P. indica participates in the plant's metabolomic adaptation against N limitation by delivering reduced N metabolites to the host, thus alleviating metabolic N starvation responses and reprogramming the expression of N metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S. Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Emanuel Barth
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Gilles Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotechnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (S.P.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotechnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (S.P.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Krapp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Ovchinnikova E, Chiasson D, Wen Z, Wu Y, Tahaei H, Smith PMC, Perrine-Walker F, Kaiser BN. Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Medicago Regulated by the Transcription Factor MtbHLHm1;1 and the Ammonium Facilitator Protein MtAMF1;3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14263. [PMID: 37762569 PMCID: PMC10532333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Root systems of most land plants are colonised by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. The symbiosis supports nutrient acquisition strategies predominantly associated with plant access to inorganic phosphate. The nutrient acquisition is enhanced through an extensive network of external fungal hyphae that extends out into the soil, together with the development of fungal structures forming specialised interfaces with root cortical cells. Orthologs of the bHLHm1;1 transcription factor, previously described in soybean nodules (GmbHLHm1) and linked to the ammonium facilitator protein GmAMF1;3, have been identified in Medicago (Medicago truncatula) roots colonised by AM fungi. Expression studies indicate that transcripts of both genes are also present in arbuscular containing root cortical cells and that the MtbHLHm1;1 shows affinity to the promoter of MtAMF1;3. Both genes are induced by AM colonisation. Loss of Mtbhlhm1;1 expression disrupts AM arbuscule abundance and the expression of the ammonium transporter MtAMF1;3. Disruption of Mtamf1;3 expression reduces both AM colonisation and arbuscule development. The respective activities of MtbHLHm1;1 and MtAMF1;3 highlight the conservation of putative ammonium regulators supporting both the rhizobial and AM fungal symbiosis in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Ovchinnikova
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - David Chiasson
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Zhengyu Wen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Hero Tahaei
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Penelope M. C. Smith
- Agribio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Francine Perrine-Walker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Brent N. Kaiser
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia
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Chang OC, Lin WY. Variation of growth and transcriptome responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in different foxtail millet lines. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2023; 64:16. [PMID: 37326894 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been applied to promote the growth of different crop species, but knowledge about the impacts of symbiosis on foxtail millet at the physiological and molecular levels have remained limited. In this study, we compared the mycorrhization phenotypes of one cultivar and three different landraces and performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis to assess the effects of genetic variation on the responses to symbiosis. RESULTS Our results showed that colonization by AMF did not enhance biomass accumulation but significantly increased grain production only in three lines. More than 2,000 genes were affected by AMF colonization in all lines. Most AM symbiosis-conserved genes were induced, but the induction levels varied between lines. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that Biological Function terms related to nitrogen transport and assimilation were only enriched in TT8. Similarly, two of phosphate starvation-induced phosphate transporters were only simultaneously downregulated in TT8. In the other two lines, the enrichment of GO terms associated with cell wall reorganization and lignification was observed, though the effects were different. CONCLUSION This study reveals the impacts of genetic variation of millet lines on the responses to AM symbiosis and provides information regarding AMF application for millet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou-Chi Chang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan.
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9
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Huertas R, Torres-Jerez I, Curtin SJ, Scheible W, Udvardi M. Medicago truncatula PHO2 genes have distinct roles in phosphorus homeostasis and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1211107. [PMID: 37409286 PMCID: PMC10319397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Three PHO2-like genes encoding putative ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes of Medicago truncatula were characterized for potential roles in phosphorous (P) homeostasis and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). All three genes, MtPHO2A, B and C, contain miR399-binding sites characteristic of PHO2 genes in other plant species. Distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns and responsiveness of gene expression to P- and N-deprivation in roots and shoots indicated potential roles, especially for MtPHO2B, in P and N homeostasis. Phenotypic analysis of pho2 mutants revealed that MtPHO2B is integral to Pi homeostasis, affecting Pi allocation during plant growth under nutrient-replete conditions, while MtPHO2C had a limited role in controlling Pi homeostasis. Genetic analysis also revealed a connection between Pi allocation, plant growth and SNF performance. Under N-limited, SNF conditions, Pi allocation to different organs was dependent on MtPHO2B and, to a lesser extent, MtPHO2C and MtPHO2A. MtPHO2A also affected Pi homeostasis associated with nodule formation. Thus, MtPHO2 genes play roles in systemic and localized, i.e., nodule, P homeostasis affecting SNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Huertas
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | | | - Shaun J. Curtin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Wolf Scheible
- Noble Research Institute LLC, Ardmore, OK, United States
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You Y, Ray R, Halitschke R, Baldwin G, Baldwin IT. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-indicative blumenol-C-glucosides predict lipid accumulations and fitness in plants grown without competitors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2159-2174. [PMID: 36866959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy- and carboxyblumenol C-glucosides specifically accumulate in roots and leaves of plants harboring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). To explore blumenol function in AMF relationships, we silenced an early key-gene in blumenol biosynthesis, CCD1 (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1), in the ecological model plant, Nicotiana attenuata, and analyzed whole-plant performance in comparison with control and CCaMK-silenced plants, unable to form AMF associations. Root blumenol accumulations reflected a plant's Darwinian fitness, as estimated by capsule production, and were positively correlated with AMF-specific lipid accumulations in roots, with relationships that changed as plants matured when grown without competitors. When grown with wild-type competitors, transformed plants with decreased photosynthetic capacity or increased carbon flux to roots had blumenol accumulations that predicted plant fitness and genotype trends in AMF-specific lipids, but had similar levels of AMF-specific lipids between competing plants, likely reflecting AMF-networks. We propose that when grown in isolation, blumenol accumulations reflect AMF-specific lipid allocations and plant fitness. When grown with competitors, blumenol accumulations predict fitness outcomes, but not the more complicated AMF-specific lipid accumulations. RNA-seq analysis provided candidates for the final biosynthetic steps of these AMF-indicative blumenol C-glucosides; abrogation of these steps will provide valuable tools for understanding blumenol function in this context-dependent mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong You
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Rishav Ray
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Gundega Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
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11
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Ji C, Song F, He C, An J, Huang S, Yu H, Lu H, Xiao S, Bucher M, Pan Z. Integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis reveals candidate miRNA family regulating arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Poncirus trifoliata. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1805-1821. [PMID: 36760042 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over 70% land plants live in mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and maintenance of symbiosis requires transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The former has been widely studied, whereas the latter mediated by symbiotic microRNAs (miRNAs) remains obscure, especially in woody plants. Here, we performed high-throughput sequencing of the perennial woody citrus plant Poncirus trifoliata and identified 3750 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 42 miRNAs (DEmiRs) upon AM fungal colonization. By analyzing cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of the DEGs, we predicted 329 key AM transcription factors (TFs). A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was then constructed by integrating these data. Several candidate miRNA families of P. trifoliata were identified whose members target known symbiotic genes, such as miR167h-AMT2;3 and miR156e-EXO70I, or key TFs, such as miR164d-NAC and miR477a-GRAS, thus are involved in AM symbiotic processes of fungal colonization, arbuscule development, nutrient exchange and phytohormone signaling. Finally, analysis of selected miRNA family revealed that a miR159b conserved in mycorrhizal plant species and a Poncirus-specific miR477a regulate AM symbiosis. The role of miR477a was likely to target GRAS family gene RAD1 in citrus plants. Our results not only revealed that miRNA-mRNA network analysis, especially miRNA-TF analysis, is effective in identifying miRNA family regulating AM symbiosis, but also shed light on miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of AM symbiosis in woody citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanya Ji
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Song
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyong An
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shengyu Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Lu
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Leng J, Wei X, Jin X, Wang L, Fan K, Zou K, Zheng Z, Saridis G, Zhao N, Zhou D, Duanmu D, Wang E, Cui H, Bucher M, Xue L. ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA-INDUCED KINASES AMK8 and AMK24 associate with the receptor-like kinase KINASE3 to regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2006-2026. [PMID: 36808553 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a widespread, ancient mutualistic association between plants and fungi, and facilitates nutrient uptake into plants. Cell surface receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play pivotal roles in transmembrane signaling, while few RLCKs are known to function in AM symbiosis. Here, we show that 27 out of 40 AM-induced kinases (AMKs) are transcriptionally upregulated by key AM transcription factors in Lotus japonicus. Nine AMKs are only conserved in AM-host lineages, among which the SPARK-RLK-encoding gene KINASE3 (KIN3) and the RLCK paralogues AMK8 and AMK24 are required for AM symbiosis. KIN3 expression is directly regulated by the AP2 transcription factor CTTC MOTIF-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CBX1), which regulates the reciprocal exchange of nutrients in AM symbiosis, via the AW-box motif in the KIN3 promoter. Loss of function mutations in KIN3, AMK8, or AMK24 result in reduced mycorrhizal colonization in L. japonicus. AMK8 and AMK24 physically interact with KIN3. KIN3 and AMK24 are active kinases and AMK24 directly phosphorylates KIN3 in vitro. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of OsRLCK171, the sole homolog of AMK8 and AMK24 in rice (Oryza sativa), leads to diminished mycorrhization with stunted arbuscules. Overall, our results reveal a crucial role of the CBX1-driven RLK/RLCK complex in the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway enabling arbuscule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Leng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xinyi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Longxiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ke Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zichao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Georgios Saridis
- Institute for Plant Science, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Ningkang Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Institute for Plant Science, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Li Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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13
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Fang L, Wang M, Chen X, Zhao J, Wang J, Liu J. Analysis of the AMT gene family in chili pepper and the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on the expression patterns of CaAMT2 genes. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:158. [PMID: 36991328 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ammonium (NH4+) is a key nitrogen source supporting plant growth and development. Proteins in the ammonium transporter (AMT) family mediate the movement of NH4+ across the cell membrane. Although several studies have examined AMT genes in various plant species, few studies of the AMT gene family have been conducted in chili pepper. RESULTS Here, a total of eight AMT genes were identified in chili pepper, and their exon/intron structures, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization were explored. Synteny analyses among chili pepper, tomato, eggplant, soybean, and Medicago revealed that the CaAMT2;1, CaAMT2.4, and CaAMT3;1 have undergone an expansion prior to the divergence of Solanaceae and Leguminosae. The expression of six AMT2 genes was either up-regulated or down-regulated in response to AM colonization. The expression of CaAMT2;1/2;2/2;3 and SlAMT2;1/2;2/2;3 was significantly up-regulated in AM fungi-inoculated roots. A 1,112-bp CaAMT2;1 promoter fragment and a 1,400-bp CaAMT2;2 promoter fragment drove the expression of the β-glucuronidase gene in the cortex of AM roots. Evaluation of AM colonization under different NH4+ concentrations revealed that a sufficient, but not excessive, supply of NH4+ promotes the growth of chili pepper and the colonization of AM. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CaAMT2;2 overexpression could mediate NH4+ uptake in tomato plants. CONCLUSION In sum, our results provide new insights into the evolutionary relationships and functional divergence of chili pepper AMT genes. We also identified putative AMT genes expressed in AM symbiotic roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianrong Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China.
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Yang W, Dong X, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Ammonium Transporter Family Genes in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043991. [PMID: 36835403 PMCID: PMC9960152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are responsible for ammonium absorption and utilization in plants. As a high-nitrogen-demand crop and a legume, soybean can also obtain ammonium from symbiotic root nodules in which nitrogen-fixing rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium. Although increasing evidence implicates vital roles of ammonium transport in soybean, no systematic analyses of AMTs in soybean (named GmAMTs) or functional analyses of GmAMTs are available. In this study, we aimed to identify all GmAMT family genes and gain a better understanding of the characteristics of GmAMT genes in soybean. Here, due to the improved genome assembly and annotation of soybean, we tried to generate a phylogenetic tree of 16 GmAMTs based on new information. Consistent with reported data, GmAMT family members can be divided into two subfamilies of GmAMT1 (6 genes) and GmAMT2 (10 genes). Interestingly, unlike Arabidopsis, which has only one AMT2, soybean has substantially increased the number of GmAMT2s, suggesting enhanced demand for ammonium transport. These genes were distributed on nine chromosomes, of which GmAMT1.3, GmAMT1.4, and GmAMT1.5 were three tandem repeat genes. The gene structures and conserved protein motifs of the GmAMT1 and GmAMT2 subfamilies were different. All the GmAMTs were membrane proteins with varying numbers of transmembrane domains ranging from 4 to 11. Promoter analysis found that these GmAMT genes have phytohormone-, circadian control-, and organ expression-related cis-elements in their promoters, and notably, there were nodulation-specific and nitrogen-responsive elements in the promoters of the GmAMT1 and GmAMT2 genes. Further expression data showed that these GmAMT family genes exhibited different spatiotemporal expression patterns across tissues and organs. In addition, GmAMT1.1, GmAMT1.2, GmAMT2.2, and GmAMT2.3 were responsive to nitrogen treatment, while GmAMT1.2, GmAMT1.3, GmAMT1.4, GmAMT1.5, GmAMT1.6, GmAMT2.1, GmAMT2.2, GmAMT2.3, GmAMT3.1, and GmAMT4.6 showed circadian rhythms in transcription. RT-qPCR validated the expression patterns of GmAMTs in response to different forms of nitrogen and exogenous ABA treatments. Gene expression analysis also confirmed that GmAMTs are regulated by key nodulation gene GmNINa, indicating a role of GmAMTs in symbiosis. Together, these data indicate that GmAMTs may differentially and/or redundantly regulate ammonium transport during plant development and in response to environmental factors. These findings provide a basis for future research on the functions of GmAMTs and the mechanisms through which GmAMTs regulate ammonium metabolism and nodulation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxu Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhanxin Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Youning Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.W.)
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15
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Duan S, Declerck S, Feng G, Zhang L. Hyphosphere interactions between Rhizophagus irregularis and Rahnella aquatilis promote carbon-phosphorus exchange at the peri-arbuscular space in Medicago truncatula. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:867-879. [PMID: 36588345 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a continuum between roots and soil. One end of this continuum is comprised of the highly intimate plant-fungus interface with intracellular organelles for nutrient exchange, while on the other end the fungus interacts with bacteria to compensate for the AM fungus' inability to take up organic nutrients from soil. How both interfaces communicate in this highly complex tripartite mutualism is widely unknown. Here, the effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Rahnella aquatilis dwelling at the surface of the extraradical hyphae of Rhizophagus irregularis was analysed based on the expression of genes involved in C-P exchange at the peri-arbuscular space (PAS) in Medicago truncatula. The interaction between AM fungus and PSB resulted in an increase in uptake and transport of Pi along the extraradical hyphae and its transfer from AM fungus to plant. In return, this was remunerated by a transfer of C from plant to AM fungus, improving the C-P exchange at the PAS. These results demonstrated that a microorganism (i.e., a PSB) developing at the hyphosphere interface can affect the C-P exchange at the PAS between plant and AM fungus, suggesting a fine-tuned communication operated between three organisms via two distantly connected interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Che X, Wang S, Ren Y, Xie X, Hu W, Chen H, Tang M. A Eucalyptus Pht1 Family Gene EgPT8 Is Essential for Arbuscule Elongation of Rhizophagus irregularis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0147022. [PMID: 36227088 PMCID: PMC9769952 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01470-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of vascular flowering plants can establish arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis with AM fungi. These associations contribute to plant health and plant growth against various environmental stresses. In the mutualistic endosymbiosis, the AM fungi deliver phosphate (Pi) to the host root through highly branched hyphae called arbuscules. The molecular mechanisms of Pi transfer from AM fungi to the plant have been determined, which are dominated by AM-specific Pi transporters belonging to the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1 (Pht1) family within the subfamily I. However, it is unknown whether Pht1 family proteins are involved in other regulations in AM symbiosis. Here, we report that the expression of EgPT8 is specifically activated by AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and is localized in root cortical cells containing arbuscules. Interestingly, knockdown of EgPT8 function does not affect the Eucalyptus grandis growth, total phosphorous (P) concentration, and arbuscule formation; however, the size of mature arbuscules was significantly suppressed in the RNAi-EgPT8 lines. Heterogeneous expression of EgPT4, EgPT5, and EgPT8 in the Medicago truncatula mutant mtpt4-2 indicates that EgPT4 and EgPT5 can fully complement the defects of mutant mtpt4-2 in mycorrhizal Pi uptake and arbuscule formation, while EgPT8 cannot complement the defective AM phenotype of the mtpt4-2 mutant. Based on our results, we propose that the AM fungi-specific subfamily I transporter EgPT8 has novel functions and is essential to arbuscule elongation. IMPORTANCE Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) formation in host root cortical cells is initiated by exchanges of diffusible molecules, among which Pi uptake is known as the important feature of AM fungi on symbiosis functioning. Over the last two decades, it has been repeatedly proven that most vascular plants harbor two or more AM-specific Pht1 proteins; however, there is no direct evidence regarding the potential link among these Pi transporters at the symbiotic interface. This work revealed a novel function of a structurally conserved protein involved in lateral arbuscule development. In total, we confirmed that three AM-specific Pht1 family proteins are nonredundant in Eucalyptus grandis and that EgPT8 is responsible for fungal arbuscule elongation of Rhizophagus irregularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Che
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Sebastiana M, Serrazina S, Monteiro F, Wipf D, Fromentin J, Teixeira R, Malhó R, Courty PE. Nitrogen Acquisition and Transport in the Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis-Insights from the Interaction between an Oak Tree and Pisolithus tinctorius. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:10. [PMID: 36616139 PMCID: PMC9823632 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In temperate forests, the roots of various tree species are colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi, which have a key role in the nitrogen nutrition of their hosts. However, not much is known about the molecular mechanisms related to nitrogen metabolism in ectomycorrhizal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen metabolic response of oak plants when inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. The expression of candidate genes encoding proteins involved in nitrogen uptake and assimilation was investigated in ectomycorrhizal roots. We found that three oak ammonium transporters were over-expressed in root tissues after inoculation, while the expression of amino acid transporters was not modified, suggesting that inorganic nitrogen is the main form of nitrogen transferred by the symbiotic fungus into the roots of the host plant. Analysis by heterologous complementation of a yeast mutant defective in ammonium uptake and GFP subcellular protein localization clearly confirmed that two of these genes encode functional ammonium transporters. Structural similarities between the proteins encoded by these ectomycorrhizal upregulated ammonium transporters, and a well-characterized ammonium transporter from E. coli, suggest a similar transport mechanism, involving deprotonation of NH4+, followed by diffusion of uncharged NH3 into the cytosol. This view is supported by the lack of induction of NH4+ detoxifying mechanisms, such as the GS/GOGAT pathway, in the oak mycorrhizal roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sebastiana
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Serrazina
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Monteiro
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jérome Fromentin
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Rita Teixeira
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Malhó
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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18
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Genome-Wide Identification of AMT2-Type Ammonium Transporters Reveal That CsAMT2.2 and CsAMT2.3 Potentially Regulate NH 4+ Absorption among Three Different Cultivars of Camellia sinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415661. [PMID: 36555302 PMCID: PMC9779401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+), as a major inorganic source of nitrogen (N) for tea plant growth, is transported and distributed across membranes by the proteins of ammonium transporters (AMTs). However, the AMT2-type AMTs from tea plants remain poorly understood. In this study, five CsAMT2 subfamily genes were identified in tea plant genomes, and their full-length coding sequences (CDS) were isolated from roots. Then, a NH4+ uptake kinetic comparison of Fudingdabaicha (FD), Huangdan (HD), and Maoxie (MX) showed that FD was a high N efficiency (HNE) cultivar that had a wide range of adaptability to NH4+, HD was a high N efficiency under high N conditions (HNEH) cultivar, in which it was easy to obtain higher yield in a high N environment, and MX was a high N efficiency under low N conditions (HNEL) cultivar, which had a higher affinity for NH4+ than the other two. Tissue-specific expression analysis suggested that CsAMT2.2 and CsAMT2.3 were highly expressed in the roots, indicating that these two members may be unique in the CsAMT2 subfamily. This is further supported by our findings from the temporal expression profiles in the roots among these three different N adaptation cultivars. Expression levels of CsAMT2.2 and CsAMT2.3 in FD and HD were upregulated by a short time (2 h) under high NH4+ treatment, while under low NH4+ treatment, CsAMT2.2 and CsAMT2.3 were highly expressed at 0 h and 2 h in the HNEL-type cultivar-MX. Furthermore, the functional analysis illustrated that CsAMT2.2 and CsAMT2.3 could make a functional complementation of NH4+-defective mutant yeast cells at low NH4+ levels, and the transport efficiency of CsAMT2.3 was higher than that of CsAMT2.2. Thus, we concluded that CsAMT2.2 and CsAMT2.3 might play roles in controlling the NH4+ uptake from the soil to the roots. These results will further the understanding of the NH4+ signal networks of AMT2-type proteins in tea plants.
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Che X, Lai W, Wang S, Wang X, Hu W, Chen H, Xie X, Tang M. Multiple PHT1 family phosphate transporters are recruited for mycorrhizal symbiosis in Eucalyptus grandis and conserved PHT1;4 is a requirement for the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2020-2039. [PMID: 35512354 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts engage in a mutualistic endosymbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to acquire mineral nutrients from soils, particularly inorganic phosphate (Pi). In return, the host plant provides organic carbons to its fungal partners. However, the mechanism by which the Eucalyptus plants acquire Pi released from the AM fungi has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the characterization of potential PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 (PHT1) family Pi transporters in AM symbiosis in Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. We show that multiple PHT1 family Pi transporters were recruited for AM symbiosis in E. grandis. We further report that EgPT4, an E. grandis member of the PHT1 family, is conserved across angiosperms and is exclusively expressed in AM roots with arbuscule-containing cells and localizes to the periarbuscular membrane (PAM). EgPT4 was able to complement a yeast mutant strain defective in all inorganic Pi transporters and mediate Pi uptake. Importantly, EgPT4 is essential for improved E. grandis growth, total phosphorus concentration and arbuscule development during symbiosis. Moreover, silencing of EgPT4 led to the induction of polyphosphate accumulation relevant genes of Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198. Collectively, our results unravel a pivotal role for EgPT4 in symbiotic Pi transport across the PAM required for arbuscule development in E. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Che
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
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20
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Montero H, Paszkowski U. A simple and versatile fluorochrome-based procedure for imaging of lipids in arbuscule-containing cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:294-301. [PMID: 35934996 PMCID: PMC9804681 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is characterized by the reciprocal exchange of nutrients. AM fungi are oleaginous microorganisms that obtain essential fatty acids from host plants. A lipid biosynthesis and delivery pathway has been proposed to operate in inner root cortex cells hosting arbuscules, a cell type challenging to access microscopically. Despite the central role lipids play in the association, lipid distribution patterns during arbuscule development are currently unknown. We developed a simple co-staining method employing fluorophore-conjugated Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and a lipophilic blue fluorochrome, Ac-201, for the simultaneous imaging of arbuscules and lipids distributed within arbuscule-containing cells in high resolution. We observed lipid distribution patterns in wild-type root infection zones in a variety of plant species. In addition, we applied this methodology to mutants of the Lotus japonicus GRAS transcription factor RAM1 and the Oryza sativa half-size ABC transporter STR1, both proposed to be impaired in the symbiotic lipid biosynthesis-delivery pathway. We found that lipids accumulated in cortical cells hosting stunted arbuscules in Ljram1 and Osstr1, and observed lipids in the arbuscule body of Osstr1, suggesting that in the corresponding plant species, RAM1 and STR1 may not be essential for symbiotic lipid biosynthesis and transfer from arbuscule-containing cells, respectively. The versatility of this methodology has the potential to help elucidate key questions on the complex lipid dynamics fostering AM symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Montero
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
- Present address:
Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-InstituteUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgD-97082Germany
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
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21
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Deng C, Li CJ, Hsieh CY, Liu LY, Chen YA, Lin WY. MtNF-YC6 and MtNF-YC11 are involved in regulating the transcriptional program of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:976280. [PMID: 36247647 PMCID: PMC9554486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are obligate symbionts that transfer mineral nutrients to host plants through arbuscules, a fungal structure specialized for exchange for photosynthetic products. MtNF-YC6 and MtNF-YC11, which encode the C subunits of nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) family in Medicago truncatula are induced specifically by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). A previous study showed that MtNF-YC6 and MtNF-YC11 are activated in cortical cells of mycorrhizal roots, but the gene functions were unknown. Herein, we identified both MtNF-YB17 and MtNF-YB12 as the interacting partners of MtNF-YC6 and MtNF-YC11 in yeast and plants. MtNF-YB17 was highly induced by AMS and activated in cortical cells only in mycorrhizal roots but MtNF-YB12 was not affected. The formation of B/C heterodimers led the protein complexes to transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Silencing MtNF-YC6 and C11 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in decreased colonization efficiency and arbuscule richness. Coincidently, genes associated with arbuscule development and degeneration in RNAi roots were also downregulated. In silico analysis showed CCAAT-binding motifs in the promoter regions of downregulated genes, further supporting the involvement of NF-Y complexes in transcriptional regulation of symbiosis. Taken together, this study identifies MtNF-YC6- or MtNF-YC11-containing protein complexes as novel transcriptional regulators of symbiotic program and provides a list of potential downstream target genes. These data will help to further dissect the AMS regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Deng
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape and Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jui Li
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Daisy Liu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Hui J, An X, Li Z, Neuhäuser B, Ludewig U, Wu X, Schulze WX, Chen F, Feng G, Lambers H, Zhang F, Yuan L. The mycorrhiza-specific ammonium transporter ZmAMT3;1 mediates mycorrhiza-dependent nitrogen uptake in maize roots. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4066-4087. [PMID: 35880836 PMCID: PMC9516061 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), which may enhance the host plant's acquisition of soil nutrients. In contrast to phosphorus nutrition, the molecular mechanism of mycorrhizal nitrogen (N) uptake remains largely unknown, and its physiological relevance is unclear. Here, we identified a gene encoding an AMF-inducible ammonium transporter, ZmAMT3;1, in maize (Zea mays) roots. ZmAMT3;1 was specifically expressed in arbuscule-containing cortical cells and the encoded protein was localized at the peri-arbuscular membrane. Functional analysis in yeast and Xenopus oocytes indicated that ZmAMT3;1 mediated high-affinity ammonium transport, with the substrate NH4+ being accessed, but likely translocating uncharged NH3. Phosphorylation of ZmAMT3;1 at the C-terminus suppressed transport activity. Using ZmAMT3;1-RNAi transgenic maize lines grown in compartmented pot experiments, we demonstrated that substantial quantities of N were transferred from AMF to plants, and 68%-74% of this capacity was conferred by ZmAMT3;1. Under field conditions, the ZmAMT3;1-dependent mycorrhizal N pathway contributed >30% of postsilking N uptake. Furthermore, AMFs downregulated ZmAMT1;1a and ZmAMT1;3 protein abundance and transport activities expressed in the root epidermis, suggesting a trade-off between mycorrhizal and direct root N-uptake pathways. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of mycorrhiza-dependent N uptake in maize and present a promising approach to improve N-acquisition efficiency via plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xia An
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Xuna Wu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Fanjun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Science and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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23
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Rui W, Mao Z, Li Z. The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911027. [PMID: 36232323 PMCID: PMC9570102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of land plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and nutrient transfer to plants is largely mediated through this partnership. Over the last few years, great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated modulation of nutrient uptake progress, and a growing number of fungal and plant genes responsible for the uptake of nutrients from soil or transfer across the fungal–root interface have been identified. In this review, we outline the current concepts of nutrient exchanges within this symbiosis (mechanisms and regulation) and focus on P and N transfer from the fungal partner to the host plant, with a highlight on a possible interplay between P and N nutrient exchanges. Transporters belonging to the plant or AM fungi can synergistically process the transmembrane transport of soil nutrients to the symbiotic interface for further plant acquisition. Although much progress has been made to elucidate the complex mechanism for the integrated roles of nutrient transfers in AM symbiosis, questions still remain to be answered; for example, P and N transporters are less studied in different species of AM fungi; the involvement of AM fungi in plant N uptake is not as clearly defined as that of P; coordinated utilization of N and P is unknown; transporters of cultivated plants inoculated with AM fungi and transcriptomic and metabolomic networks at both the soil–fungi interface and fungi–plant interface have been insufficiently studied. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AM fungi in agriculture.
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24
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Puginier C, Keller J, Delaux PM. Plant-microbe interactions that have impacted plant terrestrializations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:72-84. [PMID: 35642902 PMCID: PMC9434271 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants display a tremendous diversity of developmental and physiological features, resulting from gains and losses of functional innovations across the plant phylogeny. Among those, the most impactful have been undoubtedly the ones that allowed plant terrestrializations, the transitions from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. Although the embryophyte terrestrialization has been particularly scrutinized, others occurred across the plant phylogeny with the involvement of mutualistic symbioses as a common theme. Here, we review the current pieces of evidence supporting that the repeated colonization of land by plants has been facilitated by interactions with mutualistic symbionts. In that context, we detail two of these mutualistic symbioses: the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in embryophytes and the lichen symbiosis in chlorophyte algae. We suggest that associations with bacteria should be revisited in that context, and we propose that overlooked symbioses might have facilitated the emergence of other land plant clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Puginier
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INP Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
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25
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Cope KR, Kafle A, Yakha JK, Pfeffer PE, Strahan GD, Garcia K, Subramanian S, Bücking H. Physiological and transcriptomic response of Medicago truncatula to colonization by high- or low-benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:281-303. [PMID: 35511363 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a root endosymbiosis with many agronomically important crop species. They enhance the ability of their host to obtain nutrients from the soil and increase the tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors. However, AM fungal species can differ in the benefits they provide to their host plants. Here, we examined the putative molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the physiological response of Medicago truncatula to colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis or Glomus aggregatum, which have previously been characterized as high- and low-benefit AM fungal species, respectively. Colonization with R. irregularis led to greater growth and nutrient uptake than colonization with G. aggregatum. These benefits were linked to an elevated expression in the roots of strigolactone biosynthesis genes (NSP1, NSP2, CCD7, and MAX1a), mycorrhiza-induced phosphate (PT8), ammonium (AMT2;3), and nitrate (NPF4.12) transporters and the putative ammonium transporter NIP1;5. R. irregularis also stimulated the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in the shoot and the upregulation of the sugar transporters SWEET1.2, SWEET3.3, and SWEET 12 and the lipid biosynthesis gene RAM2 in the roots. In contrast, G. aggregatum induced the expression of biotic stress defense response genes in the shoots, and several genes associated with abiotic stress in the roots. This suggests that either the host perceives colonization by G. aggregatum as pathogen attack or that G. aggregatum can prime host defense responses. Our findings highlight molecular mechanisms that host plants may use to regulate their association with high- and low-benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Cope
- Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Arjun Kafle
- Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jaya K Yakha
- Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Philip E Pfeffer
- Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Gary D Strahan
- Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Kevin Garcia
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Senthil Subramanian
- Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Heike Bücking
- Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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26
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Molecular Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115960. [PMID: 35682640 PMCID: PMC9180548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-microorganism interactions at the rhizosphere level have a major impact on plant growth and plant tolerance and/or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Of particular importance for forestry and agricultural systems is the cooperative and mutualistic interaction between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from the phylum Glomeromycotina, since about 80% of terrestrial plant species can form AM symbiosis. The interaction is tightly regulated by both partners at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels, and it is highly dependent on environmental and biological variables. Recent studies have shown how fungal signals and their corresponding host plant receptor-mediated signalling regulate AM symbiosis. Host-generated symbiotic responses have been characterized and the molecular mechanisms enabling the regulation of fungal colonization and symbiosis functionality have been investigated. This review summarizes these and other recent relevant findings focusing on the molecular players and the signalling that regulate AM symbiosis. Future progress and knowledge about the underlying mechanisms for AM symbiosis regulation will be useful to facilitate agro-biotechnological procedures to improve AM colonization and/or efficiency.
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27
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Howard N, Pressel S, Kaye RS, Daniell TJ, Field KJ. The potential role of Mucoromycotina 'fine root endophytes' in plant nitrogen nutrition. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13715. [PMID: 35560043 PMCID: PMC9328347 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal associations between fungi and plant roots have globally significant impacts on nutrient cycling. Mucoromycotina 'fine root endophytes' (MFRE) are a distinct and recently characterised group of mycorrhiza-forming fungi that associate with the roots of a range of host plant species. Given their previous misidentification and assignment as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the Glomeromycotina, it is now important to untangle the specific form and function of MFRE symbioses. In particular, relatively little is known about the nature of MFRE colonisation and its role in N uptake and transfer to host plants. Even less is known about the mechanisms by which MFRE access and assimilate N, and how this N is processed and subsequently exchanged with host plants for photosynthates. Here, we summarise and contrast the structures formed by MFRE and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in host plants as well as compare the N source preference of each mycorrhizal fungal group with what is currently known for MFRE N uptake. We compare the mechanisms of N assimilation and transfer to host plants utilised by the main groups of mycorrhizal fungi and hypothesise potential mechanisms for MFRE N assimilation and transfer, outlining directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Howard
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Silvia Pressel
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | - Ryan S. Kaye
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Tim J. Daniell
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Katie J. Field
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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28
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Arbuscular mycorrhizae: natural modulators of plant–nutrient relation and growth in stressful environments. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:264. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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29
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Irving TB, Chakraborty S, Ivanov S, Schultze M, Mysore KS, Harrison MJ, Ané JM. KIN3 impacts arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and promotes fungal colonisation in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:513-528. [PMID: 35080285 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help their host plant in the acquisition of nutrients, and this association is itself impacted by soil nutrient levels. High phosphorus levels inhibit the symbiosis, whereas high nitrogen levels enhance it. The genetic mechanisms regulating the symbiosis in response to soil nutrients are poorly understood. Here, we characterised the symbiotic phenotypes in four Medicago truncatula Tnt1-insertion mutants affected in arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation. We located their Tnt1 insertions and identified alleles for two genes known to be involved in mycorrhization, RAM1 and KIN3. We compared the effects of the kin3-2 and ram1-4 mutations on gene expression, revealing that the two genes alter the expression of overlapping but not identical gene sets, suggesting that RAM1 acts upstream of KIN3. Additionally, KIN3 appears to be involved in the suppression of plant defences in response to the fungal symbiont. KIN3 is located on the endoplasmic reticulum of arbuscule-containing cortical cells, and kin3-2 mutants plants hosted significantly fewer arbuscules than the wild type. KIN3 plays an essential role in the symbiotic response to soil nitrogen levels, as, contrary to wild-type plants, the kin3-2 mutant did not exhibit increased root colonisation under high nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Irving
- Crop Science Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Sanhita Chakraborty
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Michael Schultze
- Department of Biology (Ret.), University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Maria J Harrison
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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30
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Gojon A. Nitrogen acquisition in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses: A step into the real world. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153646. [PMID: 35202980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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31
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Ma Y, Ankit, Tiwari J, Bauddh K. Plant-Mycorrhizal Fungi Interactions in Phytoremediation of Geogenic Contaminated Soils. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:843415. [PMID: 35283821 PMCID: PMC8908265 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination by geogenic contaminants (GCs) represents an imperative environmental problem. Various soil remediation methods have been successfully employed to ameliorate the health risks associated with GCs. Phytoremediation is considered as an eco-friendly and economical approach to revegetate GC-contaminated soils. However, it is a very slow process, as plants take a considerable amount of time to gain biomass. Also, the process is limited only to the depth and surface area of the root. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with remediating plants has been found to accelerate the phytoremediation process by enhancing plant biomass and their metal accumulation potential while improving the soil physicochemical and biological characteristics. Progress in the field application is hindered by a lack of understanding of complex interactions between host plant and AMF that contribute to metal detoxification/(im)mobilization/accumulation/translocation. Thus, this review is an attempt to reveal the underlying mechanisms of plant-AMF interactions in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ankit
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Jaya Tiwari
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kuldeep Bauddh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
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32
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Tominaga T, Yao L, Saito H, Kaminaka H. Conserved and Diverse Transcriptional Reprogramming Triggered by the Establishment of Symbioses in Tomato Roots Forming Arum-Type and Paris-Type Arbuscular Mycorrhizae. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060747. [PMID: 35336627 PMCID: PMC8953936 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi allocate mineral nutrients to their host plants, and the hosts supply carbohydrates and lipids to the fungal symbionts in return. The morphotypes of intraradical hyphae are primarily determined on the plant side into Arum- and Paris-type AMs. As an exception, Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) forms both types of AMs depending on the fungal species. Previously, we have shown the existence of diverse regulatory mechanisms in Arum- and Paris-type AM symbioses in response to gibberellin (GA) among different host species. However, due to the design of the study, it remained possible that the use of different plant species influenced the results. Here, we used tomato plants to compare the transcriptional responses during Arum- and Paris-type AM symbioses in a single plant species. The tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis or Gigaspora margarita exhibited Arum- and Paris-type AMs, respectively, and demonstrated similar colonization rates and shoot biomass. Comparative transcriptomics showed shared expression patterns of AM-related genes in tomato roots upon each fungal infection. On the contrary, the defense response and GA biosynthetic process was transcriptionally upregulated during Paris-type AM symbiosis. Thus, both shared and different transcriptional reprogramming function in establishing Arum- and Paris-type AM symbioses in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Tominaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Luxi Yao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.S.)
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.S.)
| | - Hironori Kaminaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (L.Y.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-857-31-5378
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33
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Kafle A, Frank HER, Rose BD, Garcia K. Split down the middle: studying arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbioses using split-root assays. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1288-1300. [PMID: 34791191 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants symbiotically interact with soil-borne fungi to ensure nutrient acquisition and tolerance to various environmental stressors. Among these symbioses, arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal associations can be found in a large proportion of plants, including many crops. Split-root assays are widely used in plant research to study local and systemic signaling responses triggered by local treatments, including nutrient availability, interaction with soil microbes, or abiotic stresses. However, split-root approaches have only been occasionally used to tackle these questions with regard to mycorrhizal symbioses. This review compiles and discusses split-root assays developed to study arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbioses, with a particular emphasis on colonization by multiple beneficial symbionts, systemic resistance induced by mycorrhizal fungi, water and nutrient transport from fungi to colonized plants, and host photosynthate allocation from the host to fungal symbionts. In addition, we highlight how the use of split-root assays could result in a better understanding of mycorrhizal symbioses, particularly for a broader range of essential nutrients, and for multipartite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kafle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hannah E R Frank
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Benjamin D Rose
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kevin Garcia
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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34
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Chen X, Chen J, Liao D, Ye H, Li C, Luo Z, Yan A, Zhao Q, Xie K, Li Y, Wang D, Chen J, Chen A, Xu G. Auxin-mediated regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: A role of SlGH3.4 in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:955-968. [PMID: 34713922 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants can establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to increase fitness to environmental challenges. The development of AM symbiosis is controlled by intricate procedures involving all phytohormones. However, the mechanisms underlying the auxin-mediated regulation of AM symbiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that AM colonisation promotes auxin response and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation, but downregulates IAA biosynthesis genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). External IAA application modulates the AM symbiosis by promoting arbuscule formation at low concentrations but repressing it at high concentrations. An AM-induced GH3 gene, SlGH3.4, encoding a putative IAA-amido synthetase, negatively regulates mycorrhization via maintaining cellular auxin homoeostasis. Loss of SlGH3.4 function increased free IAA content and arbuscule incidence, while constitutively overexpressing SlGH3.4 in either tomato or rice resulted in decreased IAA content, total colonisation level and arbuscule abundance in mycorrhizal roots. Several auxin-inducible expansin genes involved in AM formation or resistance to pathogen infection were upregulated in slgh3.4 mycorrhizal roots but downregulated in the SlGH3.4-overexpressing plants. Taken together, our results highlight a positive correlation between the endogenous IAA content and mycorrhization level, particularly arbuscule incidence, and suggest that the SlGH3.4-mediated auxin homoeostasis and regulation of expansin genes is involved in finely tuning the AM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanghang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anning Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Ecological Environment and Soil Science, Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Horticulture Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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35
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McDonald TR, Rizvi MF, Ruiter BL, Roy R, Reinders A, Ward JM. Posttranslational regulation of transporters important for symbiotic interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:941-954. [PMID: 34850211 PMCID: PMC8825328 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated sharing of nutritional resources is a central feature of symbiotic interactions, and, despite the importance of this topic, many questions remain concerning the identification, activity, and regulation of transporter proteins involved. Recent progress in obtaining genome and transcriptome sequences for symbiotic organisms provides a wealth of information on plant, fungal, and bacterial transporters that can be applied to these questions. In this update, we focus on legume-rhizobia and mycorrhizal symbioses and how transporters at the symbiotic interfaces can be regulated at the protein level. We point out areas where more research is needed and ways that an understanding of transporter mechanism and energetics can focus hypotheses. Protein phosphorylation is a predominant mechanism of posttranslational regulation of transporters in general and at the symbiotic interface specifically. Other mechanisms of transporter regulation, such as protein-protein interaction, including transporter multimerization, polar localization, and regulation by pH and membrane potential are also important at the symbiotic interface. Most of the transporters that function in the symbiotic interface are members of transporter families; we bring in relevant information on posttranslational regulation within transporter families to help generate hypotheses for transporter regulation at the symbiotic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami R McDonald
- Department of Biology, St Catherine University, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madeeha F Rizvi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bretton L Ruiter
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Biology, St Catherine University, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anke Reinders
- College of Continuing and Professional Studies, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Author for communication:
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36
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Xie K, Ren Y, Chen A, Yang C, Zheng Q, Chen J, Wang D, Li Y, Hu S, Xu G. Plant nitrogen nutrition: The roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153591. [PMID: 34936969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the most abundant mineral nutrient required by plants, and crop productivity depends heavily on N fertilization in many soils. Production and application of N fertilizers consume huge amounts of energy and substantially increase the costs of agricultural production. Excess N compounds released from agricultural systems are also detrimental to the environment. Thus, increasing plant N uptake efficiency is essential for the development of sustainable agriculture. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are beneficial symbionts of most terrestrial plants that facilitate plant nutrient uptake and increase host resistance to diverse environmental stresses. AM association is an endosymbiotic process that relies on the differentiation of both host plant roots and AM fungi to create novel contact interfaces within the cells of plant roots. AM plants have two pathways for nutrient uptake: either direct uptake via the root hairs and root epidermis, or indirectly through AM fungal hyphae into root cortical cells. Over the last few years, great progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated modulation of nutrient uptake processes, and a growing number of fungal and plant genes responsible for the uptake of nutrients from soil or transfer across the fungi-root interface have been identified. Here, we mainly summarize the recent advances in N uptake, assimilation, and translocation in AM symbiosis, and also discuss how N interplays with C and P in modulating AM development, as well as the synergies between AM fungi and soil microbial communities in N uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Congfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Horticulture Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Ecological Environment and Soil Science, Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ren W, Guo Y, Han X, Sun Y, Li Q, Wu B, Xia T, Shen K, Wu P, He Y. Indigenous Microorganisms Offset Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Induced Plant Growth and Nutrient Acquisition Through Negatively Modulating the Genes of Phosphorus Transport and Nitrogen Assimilation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:880181. [PMID: 35615141 PMCID: PMC9125159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.880181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that promote plant growth and nutrient acquisition are essential for nutrient-deficient karst areas, while they inevitably regulate host plants jointly with indigenous microorganisms in natural soil. However, how indigenous microorganisms regulate AM-induced benefits on plant growth and nutrient acquisition remains unclear. In this study, the Bidens tripartita as the common plant species in the karst region was cultivated into three soil substrates treated by AM fungi inoculation (AMF), AM fungi inoculation combining with indigenous microorganisms (AMI), and the control without AM fungi and indigenous microorganisms (CK). The plant biomass and concentration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were measured, and the transcriptomic analysis was carried out using root tissues. The results showed that AM fungi significantly enhanced the plant biomass, N, and P accumulation with the reduction of plants' N/P ratio; however, the indigenous microorganisms offset the AM-induced benefits in biomass and N and P acquisition. In addition, there are 819 genes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AMF vs. AMI ∩ AMF vs. CK, meaning that AM fungi induced these genes that were simultaneously regulated by indigenous microorganisms. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis suggested that these genes were significantly associated with the metabolic processes of organophosphate, P, sulfur, N, and arginine biosynthesis. Notably, 34 and 17 genes of DEGs were related to P and N metabolism, respectively. Moreover, the indigenous microorganisms significantly downregulated these DEGs, especially those encoding the PHO1 P transporters and the glnA, glutamate dehydrogenase 2 (GDH2), and urease as key enzymes in N assimilation; however, the indigenous microorganisms significantly upregulated genes encoding PHO84 inducing cellular response to phosphate (Pi) starvation. These regulations indicated that indigenous microorganisms restrained the N and P metabolism induced by AM fungi. In conclusion, we suggested that indigenous microorganisms offset nutrient benefits of AM fungi for host plants through regulating these genes related to P transport and N assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Ren
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Han
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Li
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangli Wu
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaiping Shen
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuejun He
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuejun He,
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Banasiak J, Jamruszka T, Murray JD, Jasiński M. A roadmap of plant membrane transporters in arbuscular mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobium symbioses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2071-2091. [PMID: 34618047 PMCID: PMC8644718 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants live in close contact with beneficial soil microbes: the majority of land plant species establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while most legumes, the third largest plant family, can form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. These microbes contribute to plant nutrition via endosymbiotic processes that require modulating the expression and function of plant transporter systems. The efficient contribution of these symbionts involves precisely controlled integration of transport, which is enabled by the adaptability and plasticity of their transporters. Advances in our understanding of these systems, driven by functional genomics research, are rapidly filling the gap in knowledge about plant membrane transport involved in these plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we synthesize recent findings associated with different stages of these symbioses, from the pre-symbiotic stage to nutrient exchange, and describe the role of host transport systems in both mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobia symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jamruszka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular and Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland
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Mycorrhiza-Induced Alterations in Metabolome of Medicago lupulina Leaves during Symbiosis Development. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112506. [PMID: 34834870 PMCID: PMC8617643 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at disclosing metabolic profile alterations in the leaves of the Medicago lupulina MlS-1 line that result from high-efficiency arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis formed with Rhizophagus irregularis under condition of a low phosphorus level in the substrate. A highly effective AM symbiosis was established in the period from the stooling to the shoot branching initiation stage (the efficiency in stem height exceeded 200%). Mycorrhization led to a more intensive accumulation of phosphates (glycerophosphoglycerol and inorganic phosphate) in M. lupulina leaves. Metabolic spectra were detected with GS-MS analysis. The application of complex mathematical analyses made it possible to identify the clustering of various groups of 320 metabolites and thus demonstrate the central importance of the carbohydrate and carboxylate-amino acid clusters. The results obtained indicate a delay in the metabolic development of mycorrhized plants. Thus, AM not only accelerates the transition between plant developmental stages but delays biochemical “maturation” mainly in the form of a lag of sugar accumulation in comparison with non-mycorrhized plants. Several methods of statistical modeling proved that, at least with respect to determining the metabolic status of host-plant leaves, stages of phenological development have priority over calendar age.
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40
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Wang P, Snijders R, Kohlen W, Liu J, Bisseling T, Limpens E. Medicago SPX1 and SPX3 regulate phosphate homeostasis, mycorrhizal colonization, and arbuscule degradation. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3470-3486. [PMID: 34469578 PMCID: PMC8567062 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To acquire sufficient mineral nutrients such as phosphate (Pi) from the soil, most plants engage in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Attracted by plant-secreted strigolactones (SLs), the fungi colonize the roots and form highly branched hyphal structures called arbuscules inside inner cortex cells. The host plant must control the different steps of this interaction to maintain its symbiotic nature. However, how plants sense the amount of Pi obtained from the fungus, and how this determines the arbuscule lifespan, are far from understood. Here, we show that Medicago truncatula SPX-domain containing proteins SPX1 and SPX3 regulate root Pi starvation responses, in part by interacting with PHOSPHATE RESPONSE REGULATOR2, as well as fungal colonization and arbuscule degradation. SPX1 and SPX3 are induced upon Pi starvation but become more restricted to arbuscule-containing cells upon the establishment of symbiosis. This induction in arbuscule-containing cells is associated with the presence of cis-regulatory AW-boxes and transcriptional regulation by the WRINKLED1-like transcription factor WRI5a. Under Pi-limiting conditions, SPX1 and SPX3 facilitate the expression of the SL biosynthesis gene DWARF27, which could help explain the increased fungal branching in response to root exudates. Later, in arbuscule-containing cells, SPX1 and SPX3 redundantly control arbuscule degradation. Thus, SPX proteins play important roles as phosphate sensors to maintain a beneficial AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roxane Snijders
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kohlen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Author for correspondence:
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Figueiredo AF, Boy J, Guggenberger G. Common Mycorrhizae Network: A Review of the Theories and Mechanisms Behind Underground Interactions. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:735299. [PMID: 37744156 PMCID: PMC10512311 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.735299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants establish symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi for accessing essential plant nutrients. Mycorrhizal fungi have been frequently reported to interconnect plants via a common mycelial network (CMN), in which nutrients and signaling compounds can be exchanged between the connected plants. Several studies have been performed to demonstrate the potential effects of the CMN mediating resource transfer and its importance for plant fitness. Due to several contrasting results, different theories have been developed to predict benefits or disadvantages for host plants involved in the network and how it might affect plant communities. However, the importance of the mycelium connections for resources translocation compared to other indirect pathways, such as leakage of fungi hyphae and subsequent uptake by neighboring plant roots, is hard to distinguish and quantify. If resources can be translocated via mycelial connections in significant amounts that could affect plant fitness, it would represent an important tactic for plants co-existence and it could shape community composition and dynamics. Here, we report and critically discuss the most recent findings on studies aiming to evaluate and quantify resources translocation between plants sharing a CMN and predict the pattern that drives the movement of such resources into the CMN. We aim to point gaps and define open questions to guide upcoming studies in the area for a prospect better understanding of possible plant-to-plant interactions via CMN and its effect in shaping plants communities. We also propose new experiment set-ups and technologies that could be used to improve previous experiments. For example, the use of mutant lines plants with manipulation of genes involved in the symbiotic associations, coupled with labeling techniques to track resources translocation between connected plants, could provide a more accurate idea about resource allocation and plant physiological responses that are truly accountable to CMN.
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Zhou X, Li J, Tang N, Xie H, Fan X, Chen H, Tang M, Xie X. Genome-Wide Analysis of Nutrient Signaling Pathways Conserved in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1557. [PMID: 34442636 PMCID: PMC8401276 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a mutualistic symbiosis with a majority of terrestrial vascular plants. To achieve an efficient nutrient trade with their hosts, AM fungi sense external and internal nutrients, and integrate different hierarchic regulations to optimize nutrient acquisition and homeostasis during mycorrhization. However, the underlying molecular networks in AM fungi orchestrating the nutrient sensing and signaling remain elusive. Based on homology search, we here found that at least 72 gene components involved in four nutrient sensing and signaling pathways, including cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA), sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1) protein kinase, target of rapamycin kinase (TOR) and phosphate (PHO) signaling cascades, are well conserved in AM fungi. Based on the knowledge known in model yeast and filamentous fungi, we outlined the possible gene networks functioning in AM fungi. These pathways may regulate the expression of downstream genes involved in nutrient transport, lipid metabolism, trehalase activity, stress resistance and autophagy. The RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR results of some core genes further indicate that these pathways may play important roles in spore germination, appressorium formation, arbuscule longevity and sporulation of AM fungi. We hope to inspire further studies on the roles of these candidate genes involved in these nutrient sensing and signaling pathways in AM fungi and AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (H.X.); (X.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Jiangyong Li
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China;
| | - Nianwu Tang
- UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRA-Grand Est-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France;
| | - Hongyun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (H.X.); (X.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Xiaoning Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (H.X.); (X.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (H.X.); (X.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (H.X.); (X.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.Z.); (H.X.); (X.F.); (H.C.)
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Ho-Pl�garo T, Huertas R, Tamayo-Navarrete MI, Blancaflor E, Gavara N, Garc�a-Garrido JM. A Novel Putative Microtubule-Associated Protein Is Involved in Arbuscule Development during Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:306-320. [PMID: 33386853 PMCID: PMC8112838 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis requires plant root host cells to undergo major structural and functional reprogramming to house the highly branched AM fungal structure for the reciprocal exchange of nutrients. These morphological modifications are associated with cytoskeleton remodelling. However, molecular bases and the role of microtubules (MTs) and actin filament dynamics during AM formation are largely unknown. In this study, the tomato tsb (tomato similar to SB401) gene, belonging to a Solanaceae group of genes encoding MT-associated proteins (MAPs) for pollen development, was found to be highly expressed in root cells containing arbuscules. At earlier stages of mycorrhizal development, tsb overexpression enhanced the formation of highly developed and transcriptionally active arbuscules, while tsb silencing hampers the formation of mature arbuscules and represses arbuscule functionality. However, at later stages of mycorrhizal colonization, tsb overexpressing (OE) roots accumulate fully developed transcriptionally inactive arbuscules, suggesting that the collapse and turnover of arbuscules might be impaired by TSB accumulation. Imaging analysis of the MT cytoskeleton in cortex root cells OE tsb revealed that TSB is involved in MT bundling. Taken together, our results provide unprecedented insights into the role of novel MAP in MT rearrangements throughout the different stages of the arbuscule life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ho-Pl�garo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estaci�n Experimental del Zaid�n (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda No 1, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Ra�l Huertas
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Mar�a I Tamayo-Navarrete
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estaci�n Experimental del Zaid�n (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda No 1, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Elison Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Nuria Gavara
- Unitat de Biof�sica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ci�ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jos� M Garc�a-Garrido
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estaci�n Experimental del Zaid�n (EEZ), CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda No 1, Granada 18008, Spain
- Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +34-958181609
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44
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Sun Y, Wang M, Mur LAJ, Shen Q, Guo S. The cross-kingdom roles of mineral nutrient transporters in plant-microbe relations. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:771-784. [PMID: 33341944 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant physiology by plant mineral nutrient transporter (MNT) is well understood. Recently, the extensive characterization of beneficial and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions has defined the roles for MNTs in such relationships. In this review, we summarize the roles of diverse nutrient transporters in the symbiotic or pathogenic relationships between plants and microorganisms. In doing so, we highlight how MNTs of plants and microbes can act in a coordinated manner. In symbiotic relationships, MNTs play key roles in the establishment of the interaction between the host plant and rhizobium or mycorrhizae as well in the subsequent coordinated transport of nutrients. Additionally, MNTs may also regulate the colonization or degeneration of symbiotic microorganisms by reflecting the nutrient status of the plant and soil. This allows the host plant obtain nutrients from the soil in the most optimal manner. With pathogenic-interactions, MNTs influence pathogen proliferation, the efficacy of the host's biochemical defense and related signal transduction mechanisms. We classify the MNT effects in plant-pathogen interactions as either indirect by influencing the nutrient status and fitness of the pathogen, or direct by initiating host defense mechanisms. While such observations indicate the fundamental importance of MNTs in governing the interactions with a range of microorganisms, further work is needed to develop an integrative understanding of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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45
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Berger F, Gutjahr C. Factors affecting plant responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhiza. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 59:101994. [PMID: 33450718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient, widespread symbiosis between most land plants and fungi of the Glomeromycotina, which receives increasing interest for agricultural application because it can promote plant growth and yield. The ability of plants to react to AM with changes in morphology and/or performance in terms of yield is called 'AM responsiveness'. Its amplitude depends on the plant- fungal genotype combination and the abiotic and biotic environment. A molecular understanding of AM responsiveness is key for enabling rational application of AM in agriculture, for example through targeted breeding of AM-optimised crops. However, the genetic and mechanistic underpinnings of AM responsiveness variation remain still unknown. Here, we review current knowledge on AM responsiveness, with a focus on agricultural crops, and speculate on mechanisms that may contribute to the variation in AM response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Berger
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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46
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Yadav B, Jogawat A, Lal SK, Lakra N, Mehta S, Shabek N, Narayan OP. Plant mineral transport systems and the potential for crop improvement. PLANTA 2021; 253:45. [PMID: 33483879 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient transporter genes could be a potential candidate for improving crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The world's food supply is nearing a crisis in meeting the demands of an ever-growing global population, and an increase in both yield and nutrient value of major crops is vitally necessary to meet the increased population demand. Nutrients play an important role in plant metabolism as well as growth and development, and nutrient deficiency results in retarded plant growth and leads to reduced crop yield. A variety of cellular processes govern crop plant nutrient absorption from the soil. Among these, nutrient membrane transporters play an important role in the acquisition of nutrients from soil and transport of these nutrients to their target sites. In addition, as excess nutrient delivery has toxic effects on plant growth, these membrane transporters also play a significant role in the removal of excess nutrients in the crop plant. The key function provided by membrane transporters is the ability to supply the crop plant with an adequate level of tolerance against environmental stresses, such as soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity, drought, and pathogen attack. Membrane transporter genes have been utilized for the improvement of crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Further understanding of the basic mechanisms of nutrient transport in crop plants could facilitate the advanced design of engineered plant crops to achieve increased yield and improve nutrient quality through the use of genetic technologies as well as molecular breeding. This review is focused on nutrient toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in crop plants to aid in understanding and addressing the anticipated global food demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhimanyu Jogawat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, CCS HAU, Hisar, India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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47
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Rani M, Jogawat A, Loha A. Sugar Transporters in Plant–Fungal Symbiosis. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Ma Y, Chen R. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Signaling and Transport During Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683601. [PMID: 34239527 PMCID: PMC8258413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two predominant mineral elements, which are not only essential for plant growth and development in general but also play a key role in symbiotic N fixation in legumes. Legume plants have evolved complex signaling networks to respond to both external and internal levels of these macronutrients to optimize symbiotic N fixation in nodules. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and nitrate (NO3 -) are the two major forms of P and N elements utilized by plants, respectively. Pi starvation and NO3 - application both reduce symbiotic N fixation via similar changes in the nodule gene expression and invoke local and long-distance, systemic responses, of which N-compound feedback regulation of rhizobial nitrogenase activity appears to operate under both conditions. Most of the N and P signaling and transport processes have been investigated in model organisms, such as Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, etc. We attempted to discuss some of these processes wherever appropriate, to serve as references for a better understanding of the N and P signaling and transport during symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rujin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rujin Chen,
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49
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Senovilla M, Abreu I, Escudero V, Cano C, Bago A, Imperial J, González-Guerrero M. MtCOPT2 is a Cu + transporter specifically expressed in Medicago truncatula mycorrhizal roots. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:781-788. [PMID: 32914374 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are critical participants in plant nutrition in natural ecosystems and in sustainable agriculture. A large proportion of the phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, and transition metal elements that the host plant requires are obtained from the soil by the fungal mycelium and released at the arbuscules in exchange for photosynthates. While many of the plant transporters responsible for obtaining macronutrients at the periarbuscular space have been characterized, the identities of those mediating transition metal uptake remain unknown. In this work, MtCOPT2 has been identified as the only member of the copper transporter family COPT in the model legume Medicago truncatula to be specifically expressed in mycorrhizal roots. Fusing a C-terminal GFP tag to MtCOPT2 expressed under its own promoter showed a distribution pattern that corresponds with arbuscule distribution in the roots. When expressed in tobacco leaves, MtCOPT2-GFP co-localizes with a plasma membrane marker. MtCOPT2 is intimately related to the rhizobial nodule-specific MtCOPT1, which is suggestive of a shared evolutionary lineage that links transition metal nutrition in the two main root endosymbioses in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Senovilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Abreu
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Custodia Cano
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Bago
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Imperial
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Wang S, Chen A, Xie K, Yang X, Luo Z, Chen J, Zeng D, Ren Y, Yang C, Wang L, Feng H, López-Arredondo DL, Herrera-Estrella LR, Xu G. Functional analysis of the OsNPF4.5 nitrate transporter reveals a conserved mycorrhizal pathway of nitrogen acquisition in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16649-16659. [PMID: 32586957 PMCID: PMC7368293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000926117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low availability of nitrogen (N) is often a major limiting factor to crop yield in most nutrient-poor soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are beneficial symbionts of most land plants that enhance plant nutrient uptake, particularly of phosphate. A growing number of reports point to the substantially increased N accumulation in many mycorrhizal plants; however, the contribution of AM symbiosis to plant N nutrition and the mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated N acquisition are still in the early stages of being understood. Here, we report that inoculation with AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis remarkably promoted rice (Oryza sativa) growth and N acquisition, and about 42% of the overall N acquired by rice roots could be delivered via the symbiotic route under N-NO3- supply condition. Mycorrhizal colonization strongly induced expression of the putative nitrate transporter gene OsNPF4.5 in rice roots, and its orthologs ZmNPF4.5 in Zea mays and SbNPF4.5 in Sorghum bicolor OsNPF4.5 is exclusively expressed in the cells containing arbuscules and displayed a low-affinity NO3- transport activity when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Moreover, knockout of OsNPF4.5 resulted in a 45% decrease in symbiotic N uptake and a significant reduction in arbuscule incidence when NO3- was supplied as an N source. Based on our results, we propose that the NPF4.5 plays a key role in mycorrhizal NO3- acquisition, a symbiotic N uptake route that might be highly conserved in gramineous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China;
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Dechao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Congfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Damar Lizbeth López-Arredondo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Luis Rafael Herrera-Estrella
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China;
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 36500 Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China;
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
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