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Victor-Lovelace TW, Miller LM. The development and use of metal-based probes for X-ray fluorescence microscopy. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6852953. [PMID: 36537552 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) has become a widely used technique for imaging the concentration and distribution of metal ions in cells and tissues. Recent advances in synchrotron sources, optics, and detectors have improved the spatial resolution of the technique to <10 nm with attogram detection sensitivity. However, to make XFM most beneficial for bioimaging-especially at the nanoscale-the metal ion distribution must be visualized within the subcellular context of the cell. Over the years, a number of approaches have been taken to develop X-ray-sensitive tags that permit the visualization of specific organelles or proteins using XFM. In this review, we examine the types of X-ray fluorophore used, including nanomaterials and metal ions, and the approaches used to incorporate the metal into their target binding site via antibodies, genetically encoded metal-binding peptides, affinity labeling, or cell-specific peptides. We evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, review the scientific findings, and discuss the needs for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Miller
- N ational Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973,USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794,USA
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2
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Ji B, Yue S, Zhou L, Chang G. Single-order focus multilayer Laue lens. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:8028-8033. [PMID: 36255924 DOI: 10.1364/ao.468790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel sinusoidal multilayer Laue lens (MLL) in the hard X-ray region is proposed, to the best of our knowledge. The theoretical design shows that the structure function of the MLL is a sine function of the radius such as that of a sinusoidal transmission zone plate. A numerical simulation at the energy of 12 and 24 keV reveals that the MLL can suppress higher-order diffractions effectively, the characteristic of single-order diffraction with spatial resolution is the same as that of the corresponding classical MLL, and the MLL can achieve the first-order diffraction efficiency of 6.8% at 12 and 8.7% at 24 keV. The sinusoidal MLL can also work for single-order focusing at other energies.
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3
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Nazaretski E, Coburn DS, Xu W, Ma J, Xu H, Smith R, Huang X, Yang Y, Huang L, Idir M, Kiss A, Chu YS. A new Kirkpatrick-Baez-based scanning microscope for the Submicron Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy (SRX) beamline at NSLS-II. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1284-1291. [PMID: 36073888 PMCID: PMC9455213 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522007056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development, construction, and first commissioning results of a new scanning microscope installed at the 5-ID Submicron Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy (SRX) beamline at NSLS-II are reported. The developed system utilizes Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors for X-ray focusing. The instrument is designed to enable spectromicroscopy measurements in 2D and 3D with sub-200 nm spatial resolution. The present paper focuses on the design aspects, optical considerations, and specifics of the sample scanning stage, summarizing some of the initial commissioning results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Nazaretski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - D. S. Coburn
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - W. Xu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - J. Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - H. Xu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - R. Smith
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - X. Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Y. Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - L. Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - M. Idir
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A. Kiss
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Y. S. Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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4
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Evans-Lutterodt K. Prism-based scanning X-ray microscopy. IUCRJ 2021; 8:709-710. [PMID: 34584731 PMCID: PMC8420762 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521008927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A commentary is provided on a new type of prism deflection scanning X-ray microscope, providing context and some future potential applications of this new type of microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Evans-Lutterodt
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 743, PO Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
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5
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Yamada J, Inoue I, Osaka T, Inoue T, Matsuyama S, Yamauchi K, Yabashi M. Hard X-ray nanoprobe scanner. IUCRJ 2021; 8:713-718. [PMID: 34584733 PMCID: PMC8420768 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521007004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
X-ray scientists are continually striving to improve the quality of X-ray microscopy, due to the fact that the information obtained from X-ray microscopy of materials can be complementary to that obtained from optical and electron microscopes. In contrast to the ease with which one can deflect electron beams, the relative difficulty to deflect X-ray has constrained the development of scanning X-ray microscopes (SXMs) based on a scan of an X-ray small probe. This restriction has caused severe complications that hinder progress toward achieving ultimate resolution. Here, a simple and innovative method for constructing an SXM equipped with a nanoprobe scanner is proposed. The nanoprobe scanner combines X-ray prisms and advanced Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing mirrors. By rotating the prisms on the order of degrees, X-ray probe scanning with single-nanometre accuracy can be easily achieved. The validity of the concept was verified by acquiring an SXM image of a test pattern at a photon energy of 10 keV, where 50 nm line-and-space structures were resolved. This method is readily applicable to an SXM with a single-nanometre resolution and will assist effective utilization of increasing brightness of fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Yamada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Division of Precision Engineering and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoue
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Taito Osaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takato Inoue
- Division of Precision Engineering and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuyama
- Division of Precision Engineering and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamauchi
- Division of Precision Engineering and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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6
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Matsuyama S, Yamaguchi H, Inoue T, Nishioka Y, Yamada J, Sano Y, Kohmura Y, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Yamauchi K. X-ray adaptive zoom condenser utilizing an intermediate virtual focus. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:15604-15615. [PMID: 33985258 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose an extended X-ray adaptive zoom condenser that can form an intermediate virtual focus. The system comprises two deformable mirrors for focusing within a single dimension and can vary its numerical aperture (NA) without changing the positions of the light source, mirrors, or final focus. The desired system NA is achieved simply by controlling the mirror surfaces, which enables conversion between convex and concave forms, by varying the position of the intermediate virtual focus. A feasibility test at SPring-8 under a photon energy of 10 keV demonstrated that the beam size can be varied between 134 and 1010 nm.
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Xu W, Xu W, Bouet N, Zhou J, Yan H, Huang X, Lu M, Zalalutdinov M, Chu YS, Nazaretski E. Micromachined Silicon Platform for Precise Assembly of 2D Multilayer Laue Lenses for High-Resolution X-ray Microscopy. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E939. [PMID: 33076523 PMCID: PMC7602850 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on a developed micromachined silicon platform for the precise assembly of 2D multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) for high-resolution X-ray microscopy. The platform is 10 × 10 mm2 and is fabricated on ~500 µm thick silicon wafers through multiple steps of photolithography and deep reactive-ion etching. The platform accommodates two linear MLLs in a pre-defined configuration with precise angular and lateral position control. In this work, we discuss the design and microfabrication of the platform, and characterization regarding MLLs assembly, position control, repeatability, and stability. The results demonstrate that a micromachined platform can be used for the assembly of a variety of MLLs with different dimensions and optical parameters. The angular misalignment of 2D MLLs is well controlled in the range of the designed accuracy, down to a few millidegrees. The separation distance between MLLs is adjustable from hundreds to more than one thousand micrometers. The use of the developed platform greatly simplifies the alignment procedure of the MLL optics and reduces the complexity of the X-ray microscope. It is a significant step forward for the development of monolithic 2D MLL nanofocusing optics for high-resolution X-ray microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (W.X.); (W.X.); (N.B.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Weihe Xu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (W.X.); (W.X.); (N.B.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Nathalie Bouet
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (W.X.); (W.X.); (N.B.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Juan Zhou
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (W.X.); (W.X.); (N.B.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (W.X.); (W.X.); (N.B.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (W.X.); (W.X.); (N.B.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Ming Lu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA;
| | | | - Yong S. Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (W.X.); (W.X.); (N.B.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Evgeny Nazaretski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; (W.X.); (W.X.); (N.B.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.S.C.)
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8
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Hill J, Campbell S, Carini G, Chen-Wiegart YCK, Chu Y, Fluerasu A, Fukuto M, Idir M, Jakoncic J, Jarrige I, Siddons P, Tanabe T, Yager KG. Future trends in synchrotron science at NSLS-II. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:374008. [PMID: 32568740 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we summarize briefly some of the future trends in synchrotron science as seen at the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a new, low emittance source recently commissioned at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We touch upon imaging techniques, the study of dynamics, the increasing use of multimodal approaches, the vital importance of data science, and other enabling technologies. Each are presently undergoing a time of rapid change, driving the field of synchrotron science forward at an ever increasing pace. It is truly an exciting time and one in which Roger Cowley, to whom this journal issue is dedicated, would surely be both invigorated by, and at the heart of.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hill
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Stuart Campbell
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Carini
- Instrumentation Division (IO), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
- Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Yong Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Mourad Idir
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Jean Jakoncic
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Ignace Jarrige
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter Siddons
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Toshi Tanabe
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
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9
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Xu W, Xu W, Bouet N, Zhou J, Yan H, Huang X, Pattammattel A, Gao Y, Lu M, Zalalutdinov M, Chu YS, Nazaretski E. 2D MEMS-based multilayer Laue lens nanofocusing optics for high-resolution hard x-ray microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17660-17671. [PMID: 32679971 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of 2D integrated multilayer Laue lens (MLL) nanofocusing optics used for high-resolution x-ray microscopy. A Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) - based template has been designed and fabricated to accommodate two linear MLL optics in pre-aligned configuration. The orthogonality requirement between two MLLs has been satisfied to a better than 6 millidegrees level, and the separation along the x-ray beam direction was controlled on a micrometer scale. Developed planar 2D MLL structure has demonstrated astigmatism free point focus of ∼14 nm by ∼13 nm in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, at 13.6 keV photon energy. Approaching 10 nm resolution with integrated 2D MLL optic is a significant step forward in applications of multilayer Laue lenses for high-resolution hard x-ray microscopy and their adoption by the general x-ray microscopy community.
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10
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Gomez-Gonzalez MA, Koronfel MA, Goode AE, Al-Ejji M, Voulvoulis N, Parker JE, Quinn PD, Scott TB, Xie F, Yallop ML, Porter AE, Ryan MP. Spatially Resolved Dissolution and Speciation Changes of ZnO Nanorods during Short-Term in Situ Incubation in a Simulated Wastewater Environment. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11049-11061. [PMID: 31525960 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide engineered nanomaterials (ZnO ENMs) are used in a variety of applications worldwide due to their optoelectronic and antibacterial properties with potential contaminant risk to the environment following their disposal. One of the main potential pathways for ZnO nanomaterials to reach the environment is via urban wastewater treatment plants. So far there is no technique that can provide spatiotemporal nanoscale information about the rates and mechanisms by which the individual nanoparticles transform. Fundamental knowledge of how the surface chemistry of individual particles change, and the heterogeneity of transformations within the system, will reveal the critical physicochemical properties determining environmental damage and deactivation. We applied a methodology based on spatially resolved in situ X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), allowing observation of real-time dissolution and morphological and chemical evolution of synthetic template-grown ZnO nanorods (∼725 nm length, ∼140 nm diameter). Core-shell ZnO-ZnS nanostructures were formed rapidly within 1 h, and significant amounts of ZnS species were generated, with a corresponding depletion of ZnO after 3 h. Diffuse nanoparticles of ZnS, Zn3(PO4)2, and Zn adsorbed to Fe-oxyhydroxides were also imaged in some nonsterically impeded regions after 3 h. The formation of diffuse nanoparticles was affected by ongoing ZnO dissolution (quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and the humic acid content in the simulated sludge. Complementary ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed a significant decrease in the ZnO contribution over time. Application of time-resolved XFM enables predictions about the rates at which ZnO nanomaterials transform during their first stages of the wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gomez-Gonzalez
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed A Koronfel
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Angela Erin Goode
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Al-Ejji
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Voulvoulis
- Centre for Environmental Policy , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Julia E Parker
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Diamond Light Source, Ltd. , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Quinn
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Diamond Light Source, Ltd. , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bligh Scott
- Interface Analyses Centre , University of Bristol , Bristol BS2 8BS , United Kingdom
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Marian L Yallop
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TQ , United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Mary P Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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Deng J, Preissner C, Klug JA, Mashrafi S, Roehrig C, Jiang Y, Yao Y, Wojcik M, Wyman MD, Vine D, Yue K, Chen S, Mooney T, Wang M, Feng Z, Jin D, Cai Z, Lai B, Vogt S. The Velociprobe: An ultrafast hard X-ray nanoprobe for high-resolution ptychographic imaging. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083701. [PMID: 31472643 DOI: 10.1063/1.5103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the advanced photon source upgrade, a new hard X-ray microscope called "Velociprobe" has been recently designed and built for fast ptychographic imaging with high spatial resolution. We are addressing the challenges of high-resolution and fast scanning with novel hardware designs, advanced motion controls, and new data acquisition strategies, including the use of high-bandwidth interferometric measurements. The use of granite, air-bearing-supported stages provides the necessary long travel ranges for coarse motion to accommodate real samples and variable energy operation while remaining highly stable during fine scanning. Scanning the low-mass zone plate enables high-speed and high-precision motion of the probe over the sample. With an advanced control algorithm implemented in a closed-loop feedback system, the setup achieves a position resolution (3σ) of 2 nm. The instrument performance is evaluated by 2D fly-scan ptychography with our developed data acquisition strategies. A spatial resolution of 8.8 nm has been demonstrated on a Au test sample with a detector continuous frame rate of 200 Hz. Using a higher flux X-ray source provided by double-multilayer monochromator, we achieve 10 nm resolution for an integrated circuit sample in an ultrafast scan with a detector's full continuous frame rate of 3000 Hz (0.33 ms per exposure), resulting in an outstanding imaging rate of 9 × 104 resolution elements per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Deng
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Curt Preissner
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Klug
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Sheikh Mashrafi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Christian Roehrig
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yudong Yao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Michael Wojcik
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Max D Wyman
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - David Vine
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ke Yue
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Tim Mooney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Maoyu Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Dafei Jin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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12
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Huang X, Yan H, He Y, Ge M, Öztürk H, Fang YLL, Ha S, Lin M, Lu M, Nazaretski E, Robinson IK, Chu YS. Resolving 500 nm axial separation by multi-slice X-ray ptychography. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2019; 75:336-341. [PMID: 30821266 PMCID: PMC6396394 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318017229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Combining multi-slice ptychography with multi-modality scanning probe microscopy reconstructs two planes of nanostructures separated by 500 nm with sub-20 nm lateral resolution, assisted by simultaneously measured fluorescence maps for decoupling low-spatial-frequency features. Multi-slice X-ray ptychography offers an approach to achieve images with a nanometre-scale resolution from samples with thicknesses larger than the depth of field of the imaging system by modeling a thick sample as a set of thin slices and accounting for the wavefront propagation effects within the specimen. Here, we present an experimental demonstration that resolves two layers of nanostructures separated by 500 nm along the axial direction, with sub-10 nm and sub-20 nm resolutions on two layers, respectively. Fluorescence maps are simultaneously measured in the multi-modality imaging scheme to assist in decoupling the mixture of low-spatial-frequency features across different slices. The enhanced axial sectioning capability using correlative signals obtained from multi-modality measurements demonstrates the great potential of the multi-slice ptychography method for investigating specimens with extended dimensions in 3D with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Yan He
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Hande Öztürk
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Yao Lung L Fang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Sungsoo Ha
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Meifeng Lin
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Ming Lu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Evgeny Nazaretski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Ian K Robinson
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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13
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Huang X, Yan H, Robinson IK, Chu YS. Extending the depth of field for ptychography using complex-valued wavelets. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:503-506. [PMID: 30702664 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ptychography is a scanning variation of the coherent diffractive imaging method for providing high-resolution quantitative images from specimen with extended dimensions. Its capability of achieving diffraction-limited spatial resolution can be compromised by the sample thickness, which is generally required to be thinner than the depth of field of the imaging system. In this Letter, we present a method to extend the depth of field for ptychography by numerically generating the focus stack from reconstructions with propagated illumination wavefronts and combining the in-focus features to a single sharp image using an algorithm based on the complex-valued discrete wavelet transform. This approach does not require repeated measurements by translating the sample along the optical axis as in the conventional focus stacking method, and offers a computation-efficient alternative to obtain high-resolution images with extended depth of fields, complementary to the multi-slice ptychography.
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14
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Nazaretski E, Xu W, Yan H, Huang X, Coburn DS, Ge M, Lee WK, Gao Y, Xu W, Fuchs M, Chu YS. Microscopy Instrumentation and Nanopositioning at NSLS-II: Current Status and Future Directions. SYNCHROTRON RADIATION NEWS 2018; 31:3-8. [PMID: 31467463 PMCID: PMC6714041 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2018.1506233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Nazaretski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - W Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - H Yan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - X Huang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - D S Coburn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M Ge
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - W-K Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Y Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - W Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - M Fuchs
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Y S Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
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15
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Victor TW, Easthon LM, Ge M, O'Toole KH, Smith RJ, Huang X, Yan H, Allen KN, Chu YS, Miller LM. X-ray Fluorescence Nanotomography of Single Bacteria with a Sub-15 nm Beam. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13415. [PMID: 30194316 PMCID: PMC6128931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) microscopy is a growing approach for imaging the trace element concentration, distribution, and speciation in biological cells at the nanoscale. Moreover, three-dimensional nanotomography provides the added advantage of imaging subcellular structure and chemical identity in three dimensions without the need for staining or sectioning of cells. To date, technical challenges in X-ray optics, sample preparation, and detection sensitivity have limited the use of XRF nanotomography in this area. Here, XRF nanotomography was used to image the elemental distribution in individual E. coli bacterial cells using a sub-15 nm beam at the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe beamline (HXN, 3-ID) at NSLS-II. These measurements were simultaneously combined with ptychography to image structural components of the cells. The cells were embedded in small (3-20 µm) sodium chloride crystals, which provided a non-aqueous matrix to retain the three-dimensional structure of the E. coli while collecting data at room temperature. Results showed a generally uniform distribution of calcium in the cells, but an inhomogeneous zinc distribution, most notably with concentrated regions of zinc at the polar ends of the cells. This work demonstrates that simultaneous two-dimensional ptychography and XRF nanotomography can be performed with a sub-15 nm beam size on unfrozen biological cells to co-localize elemental distribution and nanostructure simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Victor
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | | | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | | | - Randy J Smith
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Karen N Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Lisa M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
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16
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Sanli UT, Jiao C, Baluktsian M, Grévent C, Hahn K, Wang Y, Srot V, Richter G, Bykova I, Weigand M, Schütz G, Keskinbora K. 3D Nanofabrication of High-Resolution Multilayer Fresnel Zone Plates. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800346. [PMID: 30250789 PMCID: PMC6145245 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Focusing X-rays to single nanometer dimensions is impeded by the lack of high-quality, high-resolution optics. Challenges in fabricating high aspect ratio 3D nanostructures limit the quality and the resolution. Multilayer zone plates target this challenge by offering virtually unlimited and freely selectable aspect ratios. Here, a full-ceramic zone plate is fabricated via atomic layer deposition of multilayers over optical quality glass fibers and subsequent focused ion beam slicing. The quality of the multilayers is confirmed up to an aspect ratio of 500 with zones as thin as 25 nm. Focusing performance of the fabricated zone plate is tested toward the high-energy limit of a soft X-ray scanning transmission microscope, achieving a 15 nm half-pitch cut-off resolution. Sources of adverse influences are identified, and effective routes for improving the zone plate performance are elaborated, paving a clear path toward using multilayer zone plates in high-energy X-ray microscopy. Finally, a new fabrication concept is introduced for making zone plates with precisely tilted zones, targeting even higher resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Tunca Sanli
- Modern Magnetic SystemsMax Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Chengge Jiao
- Thermo Fisher Scientific5651 GGEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Margarita Baluktsian
- Modern Magnetic SystemsMax Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Corinne Grévent
- Modern Magnetic SystemsMax Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Kersten Hahn
- Stuttgart Center for Electron MicroscopyMax Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Yi Wang
- Stuttgart Center for Electron MicroscopyMax Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Vesna Srot
- Stuttgart Center for Electron MicroscopyMax Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Gunther Richter
- Modern Magnetic SystemsMax Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Iuliia Bykova
- Modern Magnetic SystemsMax Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Markus Weigand
- Modern Magnetic SystemsMax Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Gisela Schütz
- Modern Magnetic SystemsMax Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart70569Germany
| | - Kahraman Keskinbora
- Modern Magnetic SystemsMax Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart70569Germany
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17
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Gao Y, Xu W, Shi W, Soares A, Jakoncic J, Myers S, Martins B, Skinner J, Liu Q, Bernstein H, McSweeney S, Nazaretski E, Fuchs MR. High-speed raster-scanning synchrotron serial microcrystallography with a high-precision piezo-scanner. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1362-1370. [PMID: 30179174 PMCID: PMC6140394 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518010354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Frontier Microfocus Macromolecular Crystallography (FMX) beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II with its 1 µm beam size and photon flux of 3 × 1012 photons s-1 at a photon energy of 12.66 keV has reached unprecedented dose rates for a structural biology beamline. The high dose rate presents a great advantage for serial microcrystallography in cutting measurement time from hours to minutes. To provide the instrumentation basis for such measurements at the full flux of the FMX beamline, a high-speed, high-precision goniometer based on a unique XYZ piezo positioner has been designed and constructed. The piezo-based goniometer is able to achieve sub-100 nm raster-scanning precision at over 10 grid-linepairs s-1 frequency for fly scans of a 200 µm-wide raster. The performance of the scanner in both laboratory and serial crystallography measurements up to the maximum frame rate of 750 Hz of the Eiger 16M's 4M region-of-interest mode has been verified in this work. This unprecedented experimental speed significantly reduces serial-crystallography data collection time at synchrotrons, allowing utilization of the full brightness of the emerging synchrotron radiation facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Weihe Xu
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Wuxian Shi
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Case Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alexei Soares
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jean Jakoncic
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Stuart Myers
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Bruno Martins
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - John Skinner
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Qun Liu
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Herbert Bernstein
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, NY 14623, USA
| | - Sean McSweeney
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Evgeny Nazaretski
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Martin R. Fuchs
- Photon Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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18
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Nanospectroscopy Captures Nanoscale Compositional Zonation in Barite Solid Solutions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13041. [PMID: 30158629 PMCID: PMC6115454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have long suspected that compositionally zoned particles can form under far-from equilibrium precipitation conditions, but their inferences have been based on bulk solid and solution measurements. We are the first to directly observe nanoscale trace element compositional zonation in <10 µm-sized particles using X-ray fluorescence nanospectroscopy at the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN) Beamline at National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II). Through high-resolution images, compositional zonation was observed in barite (BaSO4) particles precipitated from aqueous solution, in which Sr2+ cations as well as HAsO42- anions were co-precipitated into (Ba,Sr)SO4 or Ba(SO4,HAsO4) solid solutions. Under high salinity conditions (NaCl ≥ 1.0 M), bands contained ~3.5 to ~5 times more trace element compared to the center of the particle formed in early stages of particle growth. Quantitative analysis of Sr and As fractional substitution allowed us to determine that different crystallographic growth directions incorporated trace elements to different extents. These findings provide supporting evidence that barite solid solutions have great potential for trace element incorporation; this has significant implications for environmental and engineered systems that remove hazardous substances from water.
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19
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Feng H, Qian Y, Cochran JK, Zhu Q, Heilbrun C, Li L, Hu W, Yan H, Huang X, Ge M, Nazareski E, Chu YS, Yoo S, Zhang X, Liu CJ. Seasonal differences in trace element concentrations and distribution in Spartina alterniflora root tissue. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 204:359-370. [PMID: 29674148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study uses nanometer-scale synchrotron X-ray nanofluorescence to investigate season differences in concentrations and distributions of major (Ca, K, S and P) and trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn) in the root system of Spartina alterniflora collected from Jamaica Bay, New York, in April and September 2015. The root samples were cross-sectioned at a thickness of 10 μm. Selected areas in the root epidermis and endodermis were mapped with a sampling resolution of 100 and 200 nm, varying with the mapping areas. The results indicate that trace element concentrations in the epidermis and endodermis vary among the elements measured, possibly because of their different chemical properties or their ability to act as micronutrients for the plants. Elemental concentrations (As, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, S and Zn) within each individual root sample and between the root samples collected during two different seasons are both significantly different (p < 0.01). Furthermore, this study indicates that the nonessential elements (As and Cr) are significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with Fe, with high concentrations in the root epidermis, while others are not, implying that Fe may be a barrier to nonessential element transport in the root system. Hierarchy cluster analysis shows two distinct groups, one including As, Cr and Fe and the other the rest of the elements measured. Factor analysis also indicates that the processes and mechanisms controlling element transport in the root system can be different between the nutrient and nonessential elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
| | - J Kirk Cochran
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Qingzhi Zhu
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Christina Heilbrun
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Li Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Wen Hu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Evgeny Nazareski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Shinjae Yoo
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Biological Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biological Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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20
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Cook PK, Mocuta C, Dufour É, Languille MA, Bertrand L. Full-section otolith microtexture imaged by local-probe X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718008610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimized synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction method is described for the direct and efficient measurement of crystallite phase and orientation at micrometre resolution across textured polycrystalline samples of millimetre size (high scale dynamics) within a reasonable time frame. The method is demonstrated by application to biomineral fish otoliths. Otoliths are calcium carbonate accretions formed in the inner ears of vertebrates. Fish otoliths are essential biological archives, providing information for individual age estimation, the study of population dynamics and fish stock management, as well as past environmental and climatic conditions from archaeological specimens. Here, X-ray diffraction mapping is discussed as a means of describing the mineralogical structure and microtexture of otoliths. Texture maps could be generated with a fewa priorihypotheses on the aragonitic system. Full-section imaging allows quantitative intercomparison of crystal orientation coupled to microstructural description, across the zones of the otoliths that represent distinctive mineral organization. It reveals the extents of these regions and their internal textural structure. Characterization of structural and textural correlations across whole images is therefore proposed as a complementary approach to investigate and validate the local in-depth nanometre-scale study of biominerals. The estimation of crystallite size and orientational distribution points to diffracting domains intermediate in size between the otolith nanogranules and the crystalline units, in agreement with recently reported results.
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21
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Hill MO, Calvo-Almazan I, Allain M, Holt MV, Ulvestad A, Treu J, Koblmüller G, Huang C, Huang X, Yan H, Nazaretski E, Chu YS, Stephenson GB, Chamard V, Lauhon LJ, Hruszkewycz SO. Measuring Three-Dimensional Strain and Structural Defects in a Single InGaAs Nanowire Using Coherent X-ray Multiangle Bragg Projection Ptychography. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:811-819. [PMID: 29345956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
III-As nanowires are candidates for near-infrared light emitters and detectors that can be directly integrated onto silicon. However, nanoscale to microscale variations in structure, composition, and strain within a given nanowire, as well as variations between nanowires, pose challenges to correlating microstructure with device performance. In this work, we utilize coherent nanofocused X-rays to characterize stacking defects and strain in a single InGaAs nanowire supported on Si. By reconstructing diffraction patterns from the 21̅1̅0 Bragg peak, we show that the lattice orientation varies along the length of the wire, while the strain field along the cross-section is largely unaffected, leaving the band structure unperturbed. Diffraction patterns from the 011̅0 Bragg peak are reproducibly reconstructed to create three-dimensional images of stacking defects and associated lattice strains, revealing sharp planar boundaries between different crystal phases of wurtzite (WZ) structure that contribute to charge carrier scattering. Phase retrieval is made possible by developing multiangle Bragg projection ptychography (maBPP) to accommodate coherent nanodiffraction patterns measured at arbitrary overlapping positions at multiple angles about a Bragg peak, eliminating the need for scan registration at different angles. The penetrating nature of X-ray radiation, together with the relaxed constraints of maBPP, will enable the in operando imaging of nanowire devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O Hill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Irene Calvo-Almazan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Marc Allain
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel , Marseille 13013, France
| | - Martin V Holt
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew Ulvestad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Julian Treu
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München , Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Gregor Koblmüller
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München , Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Chunyi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Evgeny Nazaretski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - G Brian Stephenson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Virginie Chamard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel , Marseille 13013, France
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephan O Hruszkewycz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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22
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Bajt S, Prasciolu M, Fleckenstein H, Domaracký M, Chapman HN, Morgan AJ, Yefanov O, Messerschmidt M, Du Y, Murray KT, Mariani V, Kuhn M, Aplin S, Pande K, Villanueva-Perez P, Stachnik K, Chen JPJ, Andrejczuk A, Meents A, Burkhardt A, Pennicard D, Huang X, Yan H, Nazaretski E, Chu YS, Hamm CE. X-ray focusing with efficient high-NA multilayer Laue lenses. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17162. [PMID: 30839543 PMCID: PMC6060042 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer Laue lenses are volume diffraction elements for the efficient focusing of X-rays. With a new manufacturing technique that we introduced, it is possible to fabricate lenses of sufficiently high numerical aperture (NA) to achieve focal spot sizes below 10 nm. The alternating layers of the materials that form the lens must span a broad range of thicknesses on the nanometer scale to achieve the necessary range of X-ray deflection angles required to achieve a high NA. This poses a challenge to both the accuracy of the deposition process and the control of the materials properties, which often vary with layer thickness. We introduced a new pair of materials-tungsten carbide and silicon carbide-to prepare layered structures with smooth and sharp interfaces and with no material phase transitions that hampered the manufacture of previous lenses. Using a pair of multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) fabricated from this system, we achieved a two-dimensional focus of 8.4 × 6.8 nm2 at a photon energy of 16.3 keV with high diffraction efficiency and demonstrated scanning-based imaging of samples with a resolution well below 10 nm. The high NA also allowed projection holographic imaging with strong phase contrast over a large range of magnifications. An error analysis indicates the possibility of achieving 1 nm focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Bajt
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Mauro Prasciolu
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Holger Fleckenstein
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Martin Domaracký
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Henry N Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Andrew J Morgan
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Yefanov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Marc Messerschmidt
- National Science Foundation BioXFEL Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Kevin T Murray
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Valerio Mariani
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Manuela Kuhn
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Steven Aplin
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Kanupriya Pande
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | | | - Joe PJ Chen
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Andrzej Andrejczuk
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1L Str., Bialystok 15-245, Poland
| | - Alke Meents
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Anja Burkhardt
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - David Pennicard
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Evgeny Nazaretski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Christian E Hamm
- Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bussestr. 27, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
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23
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Sekine R, Moore KL, Matzke M, Vallotton P, Jiang H, Hughes GM, Kirby JK, Donner E, Grovenor CRM, Svendsen C, Lombi E. Complementary Imaging of Silver Nanoparticle Interactions with Green Algae: Dark-Field Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, and Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10894-10902. [PMID: 29061049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing consumer use of engineered nanomaterials has led to significantly increased efforts to understand their potential impact on the environment and living organisms. Currently, no individual technique can provide all the necessary information such as their size, distribution, and chemistry in complex biological systems. Consequently, there is a need to develop complementary instrumental imaging approaches that provide enhanced understanding of these "bio-nano" interactions to overcome the limitations of individual techniques. Here we used a multimodal imaging approach incorporating dark-field light microscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy, and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). The aim was to gain insight into the bio-nano interactions of surface-functionalized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with the green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, by combining the fidelity, spatial resolution, and elemental identification offered by the three techniques, respectively. Each technique revealed that Ag-NPs interact with the green algae with a dependence on the size (10 nm vs 60 nm) and surface functionality (tannic acid vs branched polyethylenimine, bPEI) of the NPs. Dark-field light microscopy revealed the presence of strong light scatterers on the algal cell surface, and SEM imaging confirmed their nanoparticulate nature and localization at nanoscale resolution. NanoSIMS imaging confirmed their chemical identity as Ag, with the majority of signal concentrated at the cell surface. Furthermore, SEM and NanoSIMS provided evidence of 10 nm bPEI Ag-NP internalization at higher concentrations (40 μg/L), correlating with the highest toxicity observed from these NPs. This multimodal approach thus demonstrated an effective approach to complement dose-response studies in nano-(eco)-toxicological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekine
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L Moore
- Department of Materials, The University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Matzke
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Vallotton
- Institute für Biochemie, ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Materials, The University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
- CSIRO Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology Program , Waite Campus, Waite Road, Perth, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gareth M Hughes
- Department of Materials, The University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K Kirby
- CSIRO Land and Water, Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Biotechnology Program , Waite Campus, Waite Road, Perth, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Erica Donner
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Chris R M Grovenor
- Department of Materials, The University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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24
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Lee S, Kwon IH, Kim JY, Yang SS, Kang S, Lim J. Early commissioning results for spectroscopic X-ray Nano-Imaging Beamline BL 7C sXNI at PLS-II. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:1276-1282. [PMID: 29091071 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517013972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For spectral imaging of chemical distributions using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra, a modified double-crystal monochromator, a focusing plane mirrors system and a newly developed fluorescence-type X-ray beam-position monitoring and feedback system have been implemented. This major hardware upgrade provides a sufficiently stable X-ray source during energy scanning of more than hundreds of eV for acquisition of reliable XANES spectra in two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. In recent pilot studies discussed in this paper, heavy-metal uptake by plant roots in vivo and iron's phase distribution in the lithium-iron-phosphate cathode of a lithium-ion battery have been imaged. Also, the spatial resolution of computed tomography has been improved from 70 nm to 55 nm by means of run-out correction and application of a reconstruction algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsul Lee
- Industrial Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Light Source, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Ik Hwan Kwon
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Industrial Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Light Source, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sung Sun Yang
- VACTRON Co. Ltd, 37-30 Maeyeo-ro, Deagu 41059, South Korea
| | - Sechang Kang
- KVAC Co. Ltd, 210 NINT 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Industrial Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Light Source, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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25
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Yan H, Huang X, Bouet N, Zhou J, Nazaretski E, Chu YS. Achieving diffraction-limited nanometer-scale X-ray point focus with two crossed multilayer Laue lenses: alignment challenges. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25234-25242. [PMID: 29041193 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We discuss misalignment-induced aberrations in a pair of crossed multilayer Laue lenses used for achieving a nanometer-scale x-ray point focus. We thoroughly investigate the impacts of two most important contributions, the orthogonality and the separation distance between two lenses. We find that misalignment in the orthogonality results in astigmatism at 45° and other inclination angles when coupled with a separation distance error. Theoretical explanation and experimental verification are provided. We show that to achieve a diffraction-limited point focus, accurate alignment of the azimuthal angle is required to ensure orthogonality between two lenses, and the required accuracy is scaled with the ratio of the focus size to the aperture size.
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26
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Lin F, Liu Y, Yu X, Cheng L, Singer A, Shpyrko OG, Xin HL, Tamura N, Tian C, Weng TC, Yang XQ, Meng YS, Nordlund D, Yang W, Doeff MM. Synchrotron X-ray Analytical Techniques for Studying Materials Electrochemistry in Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13123-13186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94035, United States
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Oleg G. Shpyrko
- Department
of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Huolin L. Xin
- Center for
Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chixia Tian
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94035, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marca M. Doeff
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Gürsoy D, Hong YP, He K, Hujsak K, Yoo S, Chen S, Li Y, Ge M, Miller LM, Chu YS, De Andrade V, He K, Cossairt O, Katsaggelos AK, Jacobsen C. Rapid alignment of nanotomography data using joint iterative reconstruction and reprojection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11818. [PMID: 28924196 PMCID: PMC5603591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As x-ray and electron tomography is pushed further into the nanoscale, the limitations of rotation stages become more apparent, leading to challenges in the alignment of the acquired projection images. Here we present an approach for rapid post-acquisition alignment of these projections to obtain high quality three-dimensional images. Our approach is based on a joint estimation of alignment errors, and the object, using an iterative refinement procedure. With simulated data where we know the alignment error of each projection image, our approach shows a residual alignment error that is a factor of a thousand smaller, and it reaches the same error level in the reconstructed image in less than half the number of iterations. We then show its application to experimental data in x-ray and electron nanotomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğa Gürsoy
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Young P Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kuan He
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Karl Hujsak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Seunghwan Yoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11967, USA
| | - Lisa M Miller
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11967, USA
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11967, USA
| | - Vincent De Andrade
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kai He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Oliver Cossairt
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chris Jacobsen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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28
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Wallander H, Wallentin J. Simulated sample heating from a nanofocused X-ray beam. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:925-933. [PMID: 28862614 PMCID: PMC5580787 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517008712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in synchrotron brilliance and X-ray optics are pushing the flux density in nanofocusing experiments to unprecedented levels, which increases the risk of different types of radiation damage. The effect of X-ray induced sample heating has been investigated using time-resolved and steady-state three-dimensional finite-element modelling of representative nanostructures. Simulations of a semiconductor nanowire indicate that the heat generated by X-ray absorption is efficiently transported within the nanowire, and that the temperature becomes homogeneous after about 5 ns. The most important channel for heat loss is conduction to the substrate, where the heat transfer coefficient and the interfacial area are limiting the heat transport. While convective heat transfer to air is significant, the thermal radiation is negligible. The steady-state average temperature in the nanowire is 8 K above room temperature at the reference parameters. In the absence of heat transfer to the substrate, the temperature increase at the same flux reaches 55 K in air and far beyond the melting temperature in vacuum. Reducing the size of the X-ray focus at constant flux only increases the maximum temperature marginally. These results suggest that the key strategy for reducing the X-ray induced heating is to improve the heat transfer to the surrounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Wallander
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Jesper Wallentin
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
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29
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Durham JL, Brady AB, Cama CA, Bock DC, Pelliccione CJ, Zhang Q, Ge M, Li YR, Zhang Y, Yan H, Huang X, Chu Y, Takeuchi ES, Takeuchi KJ, Marschilok AC. Electrochemical (de)lithiation of silver ferrite and composites: mechanistic insights from ex situ, in situ, and operando X-ray techniques. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22329-22343. [PMID: 28805218 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of pristine AgFeO2 and phase makeup of Ag0.2FeO1.6 (a one-pot composite comprised of nanocrystalline stoichiometric AgFeO2 and amorphous γ-Fe2O3 phases) was investigated using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. A new stacking-fault model was proposed for AgFeO2 powder synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The lithiation/de-lithiation mechanisms of silver ferrite, AgFeO2 and Ag0.2FeO1.6 were investigated using ex situ, in situ, and operando characterization techniques. An amorphous γ-Fe2O3 component in the Ag0.2FeO1.6 sample is quantified. Operando XRD of electrochemically reduced AgFeO2 and Ag0.2FeO1.6 composites demonstrated differences in the structural evolution of the nanocrystalline AgFeO2 component. As complimentary techniques to XRD, ex situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) provided insight into the short-range structure of the (de)lithiated nanocrystalline electrodes, and a novel in situ high energy X-ray fluorescence nanoprobe (HXN) mapping measurement was applied to spatially resolve the progression of discharge. Based on the results, a redox mechanism is proposed where the full reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 and partial reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ occur on reduction to 1.0 V, resulting in a Li1+yFeIIIFeIIyO2 phase. The Li1+yFeIIIFeIIyO2 phase can then reversibly cycle between Fe3+ and Fe2+ oxidation states, permitting good capacity retention over 50 cycles. In the Ag0.2FeO1.6 composite, a substantial amorphous γ-Fe2O3 component is observed which discharges to rock salt LiFe2O3 and Fe0 metal phase in the 3.5-1.0 V voltage range (in parallel with the AgFeO2 mechanism), and reversibly reoxidizes to a nanocrystalline iron oxide phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Durham
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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30
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Vogt U, Köhler D, Dickmann J, Rahomäki J, Parfeniukas K, Kubsky S, Alves F, Langlois F, Engblom C, Stankevič T. Moiré method for nanometer instability investigation of scanning hard x-ray microscopes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:12188-12194. [PMID: 28786577 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.012188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a Moiré method that can be used to investigate positional instabilities in a scanning hard x-ray microscope with nanometer precision. The development of diffraction-limited storage rings offering highly-brilliant synchrotron radiation and improvements of nanofocusing x-ray optics paves the way towards 3D nanotomography with 10 nm resolution or below. However, this trend demands improved designs of x-ray microscope instruments which should offer few-nm beam stabilities with respect to the sample. Our technique can measure the position of optics and sample stage relative to each other in the two directions perpendicular to the beam propagation in a scanning x-ray microscope using simple optical components and visible light. The usefulness of the method was proven by measuring short and long term instabilities of a zone-plate-optics-based prototype microscope. We think it can become an important tool for the characterization of scanning x-ray microscopes, especially prior to experiments with an actual x-ray beam.
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31
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Stankevič T, Engblom C, Langlois F, Alves F, Lestrade A, Jobert N, Cauchon G, Vogt U, Kubsky S. Interferometric characterization of rotation stages for X-ray nanotomography. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:053703. [PMID: 28571450 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of three-dimensional multi-modal X-ray nanoimaging relies not only on high-brilliance X-rays but also on high-precision mechanics and position metrology. Currently available state-of-the-art linear and rotary drives can provide 3D position accuracy within tens to hundreds of nm, which is often insufficient for high resolution imaging with nanofocused X-ray beams. Motion errors are especially troublesome in the case of rotation drives and their correction is more complicated and relies on the metrology grade reference objects. Here we present a method which allows the characterisation and correction of the radial and angular errors of the rotary drives without the need for a highly accurate metrology object. The method is based on multi-probe error separation using fiber-laser interferometry and uses a standard cylindrical sample holder as a reference. The obtained runout and shape measurements are then used to perform the position corrections using additional drives. We demonstrate the results of the characterization for a piezo-driven small rotation stage. The error separation allowed us to measure the axis runout to be approximately ±1.25 μm, and with active runout compensation this could be reduced down to ±42 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaš Stankevič
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christer Engblom
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florent Langlois
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Filipe Alves
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alain Lestrade
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Jobert
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Cauchon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ulrich Vogt
- Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, KTH/Royal Institute of Technology, KTH-AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Kubsky
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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32
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Huang X, Xu W, Nazaretski E, Bouet N, Zhou J, Chu YS, Yan H. Hard x-ray scanning imaging achieved with bonded multilayer Laue lenses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:8698-8704. [PMID: 28437947 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report scanning hard x-ray imaging with a monolithic focusing optic consisting of two multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) bonded together. With optics pre-characterization and accurate control of the bonding process, we show that a common focal plane for both MLLs can be realized at 9.317 keV. Using bonded MLLs, we obtained a scanning transmission image of a star test pattern with a resolution of 50 × 50 nm2. By applying a ptychography algorithm, we obtained a probe size of 17 × 38 nm2 and an object image with a resolution of 13 × 13 nm2. The significant reduction in alignment complexity for bonded MLLs will greatly extend the application range in both scanning and full-field x-ray microscopies.
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33
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Abstract
Multi-keV X-ray microscopy has been particularly successful in bridging the resolution gap between optical and electron microscopy. However, resolutions below 20 nm are still considered challenging, as high throughput direct imaging methods are limited by the availability of suitable optical elements. In order to bridge this gap, we present a new type of Fresnel zone plate lenses aimed at the sub-20 and the sub-10 nm resolution range. By extending the concept of double-sided zone plate stacking, we demonstrate the doubling of the effective line density and thus the resolution and provide large aperture, singlechip optical devices with 15 and 7 nm smallest zone widths. The detailed characterization of these lenses shows excellent optical properties with focal spots down to 7.8 nm. Beyond wave front characterization, the zone plates also excel in typical imaging scenarios, verifying their resolution close to their diffraction limited optical performance.
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34
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Feng H, Qian Y, Cochran JK, Zhu Q, Hu W, Yan H, Li L, Huang X, Chu YS, Liu H, Yoo S, Liu CJ. Nanoscale measurement of trace element distributions in Spartina alterniflora root tissue during dormancy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40420. [PMID: 28098254 PMCID: PMC5241796 DOI: 10.1038/srep40420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a nanometer-scale investigation of trace element (As, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, S and Zn) distributions in the root system Spartina alterniflora during dormancy. The sample was collected on a salt marsh island in Jamaica Bay, New York, in April 2015 and the root was cross-sectioned with 10 μm resolution. Synchrotron X-ray nanofluorescence was applied to map the trace element distributions in selected areas of the root epidermis and endodermis. The sampling resolution was 60 nm to increase the measurement accuracy and reduce the uncertainty. The results indicate that the elemental concentrations in the epidermis, outer endodermis and inner endodermis are significantly (p < 0.01) different. The root endodermis has relatively higher concentrations of these elements than the root epidermis. Furthermore, this high resolution measurement indicates that the elemental concentrations in the outer endodermis are significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in the inner endodermis. These results suggest that the Casparian strip may play a role in governing the aplastic transport of these elements. Pearson correlation analysis on the average concentrations of each element in the selected areas shows that most of the elements are significantly (p < 0.05) correlated, which suggests that these elements may share the same transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - J. Kirk Cochran
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Qingzhi Zhu
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Wen Hu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Li Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Yong S. Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Houjun Liu
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PRC
| | - Shinjae Yoo
- Computational Science Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biological Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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35
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Boesenberg U, Ryan CG, Kirkham R, Siddons DP, Alfeld M, Garrevoet J, Núñez T, Claussen T, Kracht T, Falkenberg G. Fast X-ray microfluorescence imaging with submicrometer-resolution integrating a Maia detector at beamline P06 at PETRA III. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:1550-1560. [PMID: 27787262 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516015289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The high brilliance of third-generation synchrotron sources increases the demand for faster detectors to utilize the available flux. The Maia detector is an advanced imaging scheme for energy-dispersive detection realising dwell times per image-pixel as low as 50 µs and count rates higher than 10 × 106 s-1. In this article the integration of such a Maia detector in the Microprobe setup of beamline P06 at the storage ring PETRA III at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg, Germany, is described. The analytical performance of the complete system in terms of rate-dependent energy resolution, scanning-speed-dependent spatial resolution and lower limits of detection is characterized. The potential of the Maia-based setup is demonstrated by key applications from materials science and chemistry, as well as environmental science with geological applications and biological questions that have been investigated at the P06 beamline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Boesenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher G Ryan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Kirkham
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Matthias Alfeld
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Núñez
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Claussen
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kracht
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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36
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Liu Y, Meirer F, Krest CM, Webb S, Weckhuysen BM. Relating structure and composition with accessibility of a single catalyst particle using correlative 3-dimensional micro-spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12634. [PMID: 27572475 PMCID: PMC5013607 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how hierarchically structured functional materials operate, analytical tools are needed that can reveal small structural and chemical details in large sample volumes. Often, a single method alone is not sufficient to get a complete picture of processes happening at multiple length scales. Here we present a correlative approach combining three-dimensional X-ray imaging techniques at different length scales for the analysis of metal poisoning of an individual catalyst particle. The correlative nature of the data allowed establishing a macro-pore network model that interprets metal accumulations as a resistance to mass transport and can, by tuning the effect of metal deposition, simulate the response of the network to a virtual ageing of the catalyst particle. The developed approach is generally applicable and provides an unprecedented view on dynamic changes in a material's pore space, which is an essential factor in the rational design of functional porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Courtney M. Krest
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Samuel Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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37
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Conley R, Bouet N, Chu YS, Huang X, Kang HC, Macrander AT, Maser J, Nazaretski E, Stephenson GB, Yan H. Multilayer Laue Lens: A Brief History and Current Status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2016.1198669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Yang Y, Cheng Y, Heine R, Baumbach T. Contrast transfer functions for Zernike phase contrast in full-field transmission hard X-ray microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:6063-70. [PMID: 27136800 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.006063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Full-field transmission hard X-ray microscopy (TXM) has been widely applied to study morphology and structures with high spatial precision and to dynamic processes. Zernike phase contrast (ZPC) in hard X-ray TXM is often utilized to get an in-line phase contrast enhancement for weak-absorbing materials with little contrast differences. Here, following forward image formation, we derive and simplify the contrast transfer functions (CTFs) of the Zernike phase imaging system in TXM based on a linear space-shift-invariant imaging mode under certain approximations. The CTFs in ZPC in their simplified forms show a high similarity to the one in free-space propagation X-ray imaging systems.
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39
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Yan H, Nazaretski E, Lauer K, Huang X, Wagner U, Rau C, Yusuf M, Robinson I, Kalbfleisch S, Li L, Bouet N, Zhou J, Conley R, Chu YS. Multimodality hard-x-ray imaging of a chromosome with nanoscale spatial resolution. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20112. [PMID: 26846188 PMCID: PMC4742846 DOI: 10.1038/srep20112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a scanning hard x-ray microscope using a new class of x-ray nano-focusing optic called a multilayer Laue lens and imaged a chromosome with nanoscale spatial resolution. The combination of the hard x-ray’s superior penetration power, high sensitivity to elemental composition, high spatial-resolution and quantitative analysis creates a unique tool with capabilities that other microscopy techniques cannot provide. Using this microscope, we simultaneously obtained absorption-, phase-, and fluorescence-contrast images of Pt-stained human chromosome samples. The high spatial-resolution of the microscope and its multi-modality imaging capabilities enabled us to observe the internal ultra-structures of a thick chromosome without sectioning it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Evgeny Nazaretski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Kenneth Lauer
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Ulrich Wagner
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Christoph Rau
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Mohammed Yusuf
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Ian Robinson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Sebastian Kalbfleisch
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Li Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Nathalie Bouet
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Juan Zhou
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Ray Conley
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.,Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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40
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Hruszkewycz SO, Holt MV, Allain M, Chamard V, Polvino SM, Murray CE, Fuoss PH. Efficient modeling of Bragg coherent x-ray nanobeam diffraction. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3241-3244. [PMID: 26176439 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Bragg diffraction experiments that utilize tightly focused coherent beams produce complicated Bragg diffraction patterns that depend on scattering geometry, characteristics of the sample, and properties of the x-ray focusing optic. Here, we use a Fourier-transform-based method of modeling the 2D intensity distribution of a Bragg peak and apply it to the case of thin films illuminated with a Fresnel zone plate in three different Bragg scattering geometries. The calculations agree well with experimental coherent diffraction patterns, demonstrating that nanodiffraction patterns can be modeled at nonsymmetric Bragg conditions with this approach--a capability critical for advancing nanofocused x-ray diffraction microscopy.
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41
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Somogyi A, Medjoubi K, Baranton G, Le Roux V, Ribbens M, Polack F, Philippot P, Samama JP. Optical design and multi-length-scale scanning spectro-microscopy possibilities at the Nanoscopium beamline of Synchrotron Soleil. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1118-29. [PMID: 26134820 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515009364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Nanoscopium 155 m-long beamline of Synchrotron Soleil is dedicated to scanning hard X-ray nanoprobe techniques. Nanoscopium aims to reach ≤100 nm resolution in the 5-20 keV energy range for routine user experiments. The beamline design tackles the tight stability requirements of such a scanning nanoprobe by creating an overfilled secondary source, implementing all horizontally reflecting main beamline optics, applying high mechanical stability equipment and constructing a dedicated high-stability building envelope. Multi-technique scanning imaging and tomography including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and spectro-microscopy, absorption, differential phase and dark-field contrasts are implemented at the beamline in order to provide simultaneous information on the elemental distribution, speciation and sample morphology. This paper describes the optical concept and the first measured performance of the Nanoscopium beamline followed by the hierarchical length-scale multi-technique imaging experiments performed with dwell times down to 3 ms per pixel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Somogyi
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kadda Medjoubi
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gil Baranton
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Le Roux
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Ribbens
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Polack
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Philippot
- Géobiosphère Actuelle and Primitive, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 75238 Paris, France
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Huang X, Conley R, Bouet N, Zhou J, Macrander A, Maser J, Yan H, Nazaretski E, Lauer K, Harder R, Robinson IK, Kalbfleisch S, Chu YS. Achieving hard X-ray nanofocusing using a wedged multilayer Laue lens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:12496-12507. [PMID: 26074505 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.012496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and the characterization of a wedged multilayer Laue lens for x-ray nanofocusing. The lens was fabricated using a sputtering deposition technique, in which a specially designed mask was employed to introduce a thickness gradient in the lateral direction of the multilayer. X-ray characterization shows an efficiency of 27% and a focus size of 26 nm at 14.6 keV, in a good agreement with theoretical calculations. These results indicate that the desired wedging is achieved in the fabricated structure. We anticipate that continuous development on wedged MLLs will advance x-ray nanofocusing optics to new frontiers and enrich capabilities and opportunities for hard X-ray microscopy.
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