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Deng X, Du H, Li Z, Chen H, Ma N, Song Y, Luo L, Duan Q. Sand fixation and human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for ecological conservation and sustainable development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169220. [PMID: 38097086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The sand fixation ecosystem services and human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) play a crucial role in local sustainable development and ecosystem health, with significant implications for surrounding regions and the global ecological environment. We employed an improved integrated wind erosion modeling system (IWEMS) model for the QTP to simulate sand fixation quantities under the unique low temperature and low pressure conditions prevalent on the plateau. Using the human footprint index (HFI), the intensity of human activities on the plateau was quantified. Additionally, an econometric model was constructed to analyze the impacts of the natural factors, the HFI, and policy factors on the sand fixation capacity. The results revealed that the average sand fixation quantity was 1368.0 t/km2/a, with a standard deviation of 1725.4 t/km2/a, and the highest value during the study period occurred in 2003. The average value of the HFI for 2020 was 6.69 with a standard deviation of 6.61, and the HFI exhibited a continuous growth trend from 2000 to 2020. Despite this growth, the average human activity intensity remained at a low level, with over 50 % of the area having an index value of <4.84. Overall, a strong negative correlation was observed between the sand fixation ecological capacity and the HFI on the QTP. However, extensive regions exhibited high values or low values for both indicators. The sand fixation capacity on the QTP is influenced by both natural and human factors. In light of these findings, suggestions are made for optimizing protected area design, rational control of human activity scales, and targeted human activity aggregation within certain regions as part of ecological conservation strategies. This study has implications for assessing sand fixation ecological functions in high-altitude regions and enhancing sand fixation capacity within the region, providing valuable practical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Deng
- Institute of County Economic Development & Institute of Rural Revitalization Strategy, School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Heqiang Du
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zongxing Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of County Economic Development & Institute of Rural Revitalization Strategy, School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of County Economic Development & Institute of Rural Revitalization Strategy, School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yulin Song
- Institute of County Economic Development & Institute of Rural Revitalization Strategy, School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Lihui Luo
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Quntao Duan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Gao L, Wu Q, Qiu J, Mei Y, Yao Y, Meng L, Liu P. The impact of wind energy on plant biomass production in China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22366. [PMID: 38102187 PMCID: PMC10724281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Global wind power expansion raises concerns about its potential impact on plant biomass production (PBP). Using a high-dimensional fixed effects model, this study reveals significant PBP reduction due to wind farm construction based on 2404 wind farms, 108,361 wind turbines, and 7,904,352 PBP observations during 2000-2022 in China. Within a 1-10 km buffer, the normalized differential vegetation and enhanced vegetation indices decrease from 0.0097 to 0.0045 and 0.0075 to 0.0028, respectively. Similarly, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and gross primary productivity decline from 0.0094 to 0.0034% and 0.0003-0.0002 g*C/m2 within a 1-7 km buffer. Adverse effects last over three years, magnified in summer and autumn, and are more pronounced at lower altitudes and in plains. Forest carbon sinks decrease by 12,034 tons within a 0-20 km radius, causing an average economic loss of $1.81 million per wind farm. Our findings underscore the balanced mitigation strategies for renewable energy transition when transiting from fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Wu
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jixiang Qiu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdan Mei
- School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiran Yao
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Meng
- School of Economics and The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Economics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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3
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Choi LY, Lee SY, Jeong H, Park J, Hong SW, Kwon KS, Song M. Ammonia and Particulate Matter Emissions at a Korean Commercial Pig Farm and Influencing Factors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3347. [PMID: 37958103 PMCID: PMC10649674 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying emission factors of ammonia and particulate matter (PM) in livestock production systems is crucial for assessing and mitigating the environmental impact of animal production and for ensuring industry sustainability. This study aimed to determine emission factors of ammonia, total suspended particles (TSPs), PM10, and PM2.5 for piglets and growing-finishing pigs at a commercial pig farm in Korea. It also sought to identify factors influencing these emission factors. The research found that the emission factors measured were generally lower than those currently used in Korea, but were consistent with findings from individual research studies in the literature. Seasonal variations were observed, with ammonia emissions peaking in spring and autumn, and PM emissions rising in summer. Correlation analyses indicated that the number of animals and their average age correlated positively with both ammonia and PM emission factors. Ventilation rate was also positively correlated with PM emissions. Future extended field measurements across diverse pig farms will offer deeper insights into the emission factors of pig farms in Korea, guiding the development of sustainable livestock management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lak-yeong Choi
- Department of Rural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (L.-y.C.); (S.-y.L.); (H.J.)
- Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Se-yeon Lee
- Department of Rural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (L.-y.C.); (S.-y.L.); (H.J.)
- Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hanna Jeong
- Department of Rural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (L.-y.C.); (S.-y.L.); (H.J.)
- Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinseon Park
- Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
- AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-woon Hong
- Department of Rural and Bio-Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (L.-y.C.); (S.-y.L.); (H.J.)
- Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
- AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seok Kwon
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mijung Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Steinparzer M, Schaubmayr J, Godbold DL, Rewald B. Particulate matter accumulation by tree foliage is driven by leaf habit types, urbanization- and pollution levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122289. [PMID: 37532217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution poses a significant threat to human health. Greenery, particularly trees, can act as effective filters for PM, reducing associated health risks. Previous studies have indicated that tree traits play a crucial role in determining the amount of PM accumulated on leaves, although findings have often been site-specific. To comprehensively investigate the key factors influencing PM binding to leaves across diverse tree species and geographical locations, we conducted an extensive analysis using data extracted from 57 publications. The data covers 11 countries and 190 tree species from 1996 to 2021. We categorized tree species into functional groups: evergreen conifers, deciduous conifers, deciduous broadleaves, and evergreen broadleaves based on leaf habit and phylogeny. Evergreen conifers exhibited the highest PM accumulation on leaves, and in general, evergreen leaves accumulated more PM compared to deciduous leaves across all PM size classes. Specific leaf traits, such as epicuticular wax, played a significant role. The highest PM loads on leaves were observed in peri-urban areas along the rural-peri-urban-urban gradient. However, the availability of global data was skewed, with most data originating from urban and peri-urban areas, primarily from China and Poland. Among different climate zones, substantial data were only available for warm temperate and cold steppe climate zones. Understanding the problem of PM pollution and the role of greenery in urban environments is crucial for monitoring and controlling PM pollution. Our systematic review of the literature highlights the variation on PM loading among different vegetation types with varying leaf characteristics. Notably, epicuticular wax emerged as a marker trait that exhibited variability across PM size fractions and different vegetation types. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of greenery in mitigation PM pollution. Our findings underscore the significance of tree traits in PM binding. However, lack of data stresses the need for further research and data collection initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Steinparzer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Schaubmayr
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Douglas L Godbold
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Rewald
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Vienna Scientific Instruments GmbH, Alland, Austria.
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Mihali C, Dippong T. Water quality assessment of Remeți watercourse, Maramureș, Romania, located in a NATURA 2000 protected area subjected to anthropic pressure. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 257:104216. [PMID: 37385207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed the evolution of water indicators of Remeți water body that is located in the Remeți locality in the Upper Tisa, a Natura 2000 protected area. Thus, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, temperature, pH, turbidity, ammonium concentration (NH4+), nitrates (NO3-), nitrites (NO2-), orthophosphate (PO43-), dissolved Fe, Mn, water hardness, alkalinity (A) and chloride were measured over the January (I)-October (X) 2021 period. This water course was subjected to anthropic pressure, being polluted with nutrients such as ammonium and orthophosphate ions, iron and manganese. The concentrations of other metals were either low (Al, Ba, Li, Ga, Rb, Ni, Sr, Zn, Cu, Ti) or below the detection limit (Pb, Cd). The study was performed over a period of 8 months, namely January 2021-October 2021, covering the 4 seasons, in order to establish their influence on the level of water quality indicators. Exceeded turbidity values and high concentrations of ammonium, orthophosphate and dissolved iron were found, these being generally higher in the summer-autumn months. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were low in the summer-autumn months. Based on the values of the physico-chemical indicators, two types of water quality indices WA-WQI (weighted arithmetic water quality indices) and CCME-WQI (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment water quality indices) were calculated to evaluate the global water quality and its evolution over the seasons with a single value. WA-WQI values varied in the range of 78.56-761.63, with a tendency to increase in autumn, showing an intensified tendency of global water quality deterioration due to an increase in ammonium, turbidity, iron and orthophosphates in autumn months while CCME-WQI values were between 39.6 and 68.9, being fair in winter-spring months and marginal / bad in summer and autumn months. The results of this study are advantageous in identifying the level of pollution of Remeți water course, being a signal for local authorities in taking the necessary measures to reduce the pollution around it, for a better human health and conservation of the ecosystems hosted in the protected area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mihali
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Centre at Baia Mare, Faculty of Science, 76 Victoriei Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Thomas Dippong
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Centre at Baia Mare, Faculty of Science, 76 Victoriei Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania.
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Liu J, Ren Y, Hong Y, Glauben T. Does forest farm carbon sink projects affect agricultural development? Evidence from a Quasi-experiment in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117500. [PMID: 36822048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forest Farm Carbon Sink (FFCS) projects are one of the effective ways to achieve carbon neutrality and mitigate global warming. Though the existing literature has widely discussed the effect of FFCS on the allocation of agricultural factors, such as land, labor employment structure and income structure, little is known about whether FFCS projects could have an effect on agricultural development. Based on the panel data of 140 counties in Sichuan province, China, from 2002 to 2018, we examined the causal effect on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP), and revealed their dynamic effect and underlying mechanisms. Propensity score matching and the difference in difference (PSM-DID) method were used to address the endogeneity problem of FFCS implementation. Results showed that FFCS projects increased agricultural TFP by 1.7%-2.4%. Health, saving and industrial structure were the important channels through which FFCS projects affect agricultural TFP. Our findings suggest that policies promoting FFCS projects can increase agricultural TFP while achieving environmental goals-a win-win situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Agricultural Markets, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Yanjun Ren
- Department of Agricultural Markets, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Hong
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Thomas Glauben
- Department of Agricultural Markets, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Theodor-Lieser-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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7
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Nie K, Xu M, Zhang J. Changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Pinus massoniana forest along altitudinal gradients of subtropical karst mountains. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15198. [PMID: 37016678 PMCID: PMC10066882 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in altitude have a long-term and profound impact on mountain forest ecosystems. However, there have been few reports on changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents (SCNPC) along altitudinal gradients in subtropical karst mountain forests, as well as on the factors influencing such changes. We selected five Pinus massoniana forests with an altitudinal gradient in the karst mountain area of Southwest China as research objects and analyzed the changes in SCNPC along the altitudinal gradient, as well as the influencing factors behind these changes. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen contents first increased and then decreased with increasing altitude, whereas the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus showed no obvious trend. In the karst mountain P. massoniana forest, SCNPC in the topsoil is most significantly affected by total glomalin-related soil protein (TG) and soil moisture content (SMC) (cumulative explanatory rate was 45.28–77.33%), indicating that TG and SMC are important factors that affect SCNPC in the karst mountain P. massoniana forest. In addition, the main environmental factors that affect SCNPC in the subsoil showed significant differences. These results may provide a better scientific reference for the sustainable management of the subtropical mountain P. massoniana forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Nie
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Guo Q, Shah MI, Kumar S, AbdulKareem HKK, Inuwa N. The roles of organic farming, renewable energy, and corruption on biodiversity crisis: a European perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31696-31710. [PMID: 36454522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The loss of biodiversity has profound implications for nature's contributions to people and their health. This study intends to examine the factors responsible for biodiversity loss as well as the coping mechanisms to address this crisis in the context of 35 European economies covering the 2009-2018 period. The study utilises both the static and dynamic panel estimation techniques to examine the above issue. Specifically, the study applied Driscoll and Kraay (1998a), Driscoll and Kraay (Rev Econ Stat 80:549-560, 1998b) and Panel Corrected Standard Approach (PCSE) for the static panel models. As for dynamic panel models, the study employs linear dynamic panel model by Arrelano and Bond (Rev Econ Stud 58:277-297, 1991) and Arrelano and Bover (J Econom 68:29-51, 1995)/Blundell and Bond (J Econom 87:115-143, 1998) system generalised methods of moments (GMM). Morandeover for robustness purposes, fixed and random effect models are also applied. The findings indicate that renewable energy use increases biodiversity crisis whereas organic farming is beneficial for biodiversity preservation in Europe. Corruption and gender gap were found to increase the biodiversity crisis. The evidence also suggests a positive and significant effect of forest area, e-governance and social progress on biodiversity. Finally, the study provides insightful implications for stakeholders and practitioners associated with energy and biodiversity conservation in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Shah
- Independent Researcher, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Alma Mater Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Siddharth Kumar
- Assistant Professor, BFSI, Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, New Delhi, India
| | - Hauwah K K AbdulKareem
- Department of Economics and Development Studies, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Nasiru Inuwa
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Gombe State University, P.M.B 127, Gombe, Nigeria
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Song S, Zhang Y, Cao W, Xu D. Ecological restoration can enhance the radiation benefit of sand fixation service: A simulated evidence of Xilingol League, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116947. [PMID: 36508977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale ecological restoration programs have been initiated globally with the aim of combating desertification and improving ecosystem services, especially for sand fixation service (SF) in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the effectiveness of ecological restoration in the radiation benefit of SF, such as improving air quality, remains not well known. In this study, we selected Xilingol as the study area, investigated the dynamics of SF, and quantified the radiation benefit of SF in downwind areas by employing PM10 concentration as the proxy. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was applied to assess the response of radiation benefit to ecological restoration by designing land use scenarios. Results showed that the SF in Xilingol increased with fluctuation at an average rate of 0.27%/year from 2000 to 2018. Under the effect of ecological restoration, the radiation benefit in the downwind regions was substantially improved, as manifested by a 104.22 μg/m3 reduction in PM10 concentration. The changes in radiation benefit varied greatly across space, and northern and southern Xilingol were hot spots for increased radiation benefit. Based on regional disparity in benefit level, this work could provide a reference to make differentiated cross-regional ecological compensation schemes at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Duanyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Ali S, Khan SM, Ahmad Z, Siddiq Z, Ullah A, Yoo S, Han H, Raposo A. Carbon sequestration potential of different forest types in Pakistan and its role in regulating services for public health. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1064586. [PMID: 36711385 PMCID: PMC9881653 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1064586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A high amount of CO2 causes numerous health effects, including headaches, restlessness, difficulty in breathing, increased heart rate, high blood pressure, asphyxia, and dizziness. This issue of increasing atmospheric CO2 can only be solved via above-ground and below-ground carbon sequestration (CS). This study was designed to determine the relationship between CS with the crown area (CA), diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), species richness (SR), and elevation in different forest types of Pakistan with the following specific objectives: (1) to quantify the direct and indirect relationship of carbon sequestration with CA, DBH, H, and SR in various natural forest types and (2) to evaluate the effect of elevation on the trees functional traits and resultant CS. We used the linear structural equation model (SEM) for each conceptual model. Our results confirmed that the highest CS potential was recorded for dry temperate conifer forests (DTCF) i.e., 52.67%, followed by moist temperate mix forests (MTMF) and sub-tropical broad-leaved forests (STBLF). The SEM further described the carbon sequestration variation, i.e., 57, 32, 19, and 16% under the influence of CA (β = 0.90 and P-value < 0.001), H (β = 0.13 and p-value = 0.05), DBH (β = 0.07 and p-value = 0.005), and SR (β = -0.55 and p-value = 0.001), respectively. The individual direct effect of SR on carbon sequestration has been negative and significant. At the same time, the separate effect of CA, DBH, and H had a positive and significant effect on carbon sequestration. The remaining 20% of CS variations are indirectly influenced by elevation. This means that elevation affects carbon sequestration indirectly through CA, DBH, H, and SR, i.e., β = 0.133 and P-value < 0.166, followed by β = 0.531 and P-value < 0.001, β = 0.007 and P-value < 0.399, and β = -0.32 and P-value < 0.001, respectively. It is concluded that abiotic factors mainly determined carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems along with the elevation gradients in Pakistan. Quantifying the role of various forest types in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction leads to improved air quality, which positively impacts human health. This is an imperative and novel study that links the dynamics of the biosphere and atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Member Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sunghoon Yoo
- Audit Team, Hanmoo Convention (Oakwood Premier), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
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Belaire JA, Higgins C, Zoll D, Lieberknecht K, Bixler RP, Neff JL, Keitt TH, Jha S. Fine-scale monitoring and mapping of biodiversity and ecosystem services reveals multiple synergies and few tradeoffs in urban green space management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157801. [PMID: 35931152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urban watersheds can play a critical role in supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services in a rapidly changing world. However, managing for multiple environmental and social objectives in urban landscapes is challenging, especially if the optimization of one ecosystem service conflicts with another. Urban ecology research has frequently been limited to a few indicators - typically either biodiversity or ecosystem service indices - making tradeoffs and synergies difficult to assess. Through a recently established watershed-scale monitoring network in Central Texas, we address this gap by evaluating biodiversity (flora and fauna), habitat quality, and ecosystem service indices of urban green spaces across the watershed. Our results reveal substantial heterogeneity in biodiversity and ecosystem service levels and multiple synergies (stacked benefits or "win-wins"). For example, we found that carbon sequestration positively correlated with tree species richness and the proportion of native trees in a green space, indicating that biodiversity goals for increased tree diversity can also provide carbon sequestration benefits. We also documented correlations between green spaces with greater riparian forest cover and lower particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and cooler temperatures. In addition, we found that bee and wasp species richness was positively correlated with carbon sequestration and human visitation rates, meaning that urban green spaces can optimize carbon sequestration goals without losing pollinator habitat or access opportunities for city residents. Overall, our results indicate that many aspects of habitat quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services can be simultaneously supported in urban green spaces. We conclude that urban design and management can optimize nature-based solutions and strategies to have distinct positive impacts on both people and nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Amy Belaire
- The Nature Conservancy, Texas, 3801 Kirby Drive, Suite 740, Houston, TX 77098, United States of America.
| | - Caitlin Higgins
- 16201 Gordon Cummings Road, Canyon, TX 79015, United States of America
| | - Deidre Zoll
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Lieberknecht
- School of Architecture, University of Texas at Austin, 310 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - R Patrick Bixler
- LBJ School of Public Affairs, 2315 Red River Street, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - John L Neff
- Central Texas Melittological Institute, 7307 Running Rope, Austin, TX 78731, United States of America
| | - Timothy H Keitt
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
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Maestre FT, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Eldridge DJ, Saiz H, Berdugo M, Gozalo B, Ochoa V, Guirado E, García-Gómez M, Valencia E, Gaitán JJ, Asensio S, Mendoza BJ, Plaza C, Díaz-Martínez P, Rey A, Hu HW, He JZ, Wang JT, Lehmann A, Rillig MC, Cesarz S, Eisenhauer N, Martínez-Valderrama J, Moreno-Jiménez E, Sala O, Abedi M, Ahmadian N, Alados CL, Aramayo V, Amghar F, Arredondo T, Ahumada RJ, Bahalkeh K, Ben Salem F, Blaum N, Boldgiv B, Bowker MA, Bran D, Bu C, Canessa R, Castillo-Monroy AP, Castro H, Castro I, Castro-Quezada P, Chibani R, Conceição AA, Currier CM, Darrouzet-Nardi A, Deák B, Donoso DA, Dougill AJ, Durán J, Erdenetsetseg B, Espinosa CI, Fajardo A, Farzam M, Ferrante D, Frank ASK, Fraser LH, Gherardi LA, Greenville AC, Guerra CA, Gusmán-Montalvan E, Hernández-Hernández RM, Hölzel N, Huber-Sannwald E, Hughes FM, Jadán-Maza O, Jeltsch F, Jentsch A, Kaseke KF, Köbel M, Koopman JE, Leder CV, Linstädter A, le Roux PC, Li X, Liancourt P, Liu J, Louw MA, Maggs-Kölling G, Makhalanyane TP, Issa OM, Manzaneda AJ, Marais E, Mora JP, Moreno G, Munson SM, Nunes A, Oliva G, Oñatibia GR, Peter G, Pivari MOD, Pueyo Y, Quiroga RE, Rahmanian S, Reed SC, Rey PJ, Richard B, Rodríguez A, Rolo V, Rubalcaba JG, Ruppert JC, Salah A, Schuchardt MA, Spann S, Stavi I, Stephens CRA, Swemmer AM, Teixido AL, Thomas AD, Throop HL, Tielbörger K, Travers S, Val J, Valkó O, van den Brink L, Ayuso SV, Velbert F, Wamiti W, Wang D, Wang L, Wardle GM, Yahdjian L, Zaady E, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Singh BK, Gross N. Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands. Science 2022; 378:915-920. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T. Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David J. Eldridge
- Department of Planning and Environment, c/o Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y Medio Natural, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Institut de Biología Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Guirado
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Morfología del Terreno, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Valencia
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Gaitán
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Suelos-CNIA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Luján, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Asensio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Betty J. Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Díaz-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rey
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaime Martínez-Valderrama
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef,” Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Sala
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Negar Ahmadian
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | | | - Valeria Aramayo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Fateh Amghar
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Biodiversité, Biotechnologie, Environnement et Développement Durable (BioDev), Faculté des Sciences, Université M’hamed Bougara de Boumerdès, Boumerdès, Algérie
| | - Tulio Arredondo
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C., San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo J. Ahumada
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Farah Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Range Ecology, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Niels Blaum
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Conservation Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Matthew A. Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Donaldo Bran
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Chongfeng Bu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rafaella Canessa
- Ecological Plant Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Helena Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Castro
- Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Centro de Estudios de Agroecología Tropical (CEDAT), Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Patricio Castro-Quezada
- Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Grupo de Agroforestería, Manejo y Conservación del paisaje, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Roukaya Chibani
- Laboratory of Range Ecology, Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Médenine, Tunisia
| | - Abel A. Conceição
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Courtney M. Currier
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Balázs Deák
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - David A. Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrew J. Dougill
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jorge Durán
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Misión Biolóxica de Galicia, CSIC, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Batdelger Erdenetsetseg
- Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Carlos I. Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mohammad Farzam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Anke S. K. Frank
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lauchlan H. Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laureano A. Gherardi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aaron C. Greenville
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlos A. Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Rosa M. Hernández-Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Centro de Estudios de Agroecología Tropical (CEDAT), Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Frederic M. Hughes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Jadán-Maza
- Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Grupo de Agroforestería, Manejo y Conservación del paisaje, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Conservation Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kudzai F. Kaseke
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Köbel
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jessica E. Koopman
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cintia V. Leder
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, CEANPa, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Anja Linstädter
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany Group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter C. le Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Xinkai Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pierre Liancourt
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
- Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jushan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Michelle A. Louw
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Thulani P. Makhalanyane
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Oumarou Malam Issa
- Institut d’Écologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Est Creteil, Université de Paris, Centre IRD de France Nord, Bondy, France
| | - Antonio J. Manzaneda
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Eugene Marais
- Gobabeb-Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia
| | - Juan P. Mora
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Forestry School, INDEHESA, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Seth M. Munson
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Alice Nunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Oliva
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Santa Cruz, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Gastón R. Oñatibia
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Peter
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, CEANPa, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marco O. D. Pivari
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE, CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R. Emiliano Quiroga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
- Cátedra de Manejo de Pastizales Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Soroor Rahmanian
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Sasha C. Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Pedro J. Rey
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Alexandra Rodríguez
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Víctor Rolo
- Forestry School, INDEHESA, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | | | - Jan C. Ruppert
- Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Max A. Schuchardt
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sedona Spann
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ilan Stavi
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Yotvata, Israel
| | - Colton R. A. Stephens
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony M. Swemmer
- South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), Phalaborwa, Kruger National Park, South Africa
| | - Alberto L. Teixido
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Andrew D. Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Heather L. Throop
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Samantha Travers
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Val
- Science Division, Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, New South Wales Government, Buronga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Orsolya Valkó
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | | | - Sergio Velasco Ayuso
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Frederike Velbert
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wanyoike Wamiti
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Glenda M. Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eli Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev, Israel
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Wang J, Ding Y, Wang S, Watson AE, He H, Ye H, Ouyang X, Li Y. Pixel-scale historical-baseline-based ecological quality: Measuring impacts from climate change and human activities from 2000 to 2018 in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 313:114944. [PMID: 35381526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concern about ecological degradation has prompted development of concepts and exploration of methods to quantify ecological quality with the aim of measuring ecosystem changes to contribute to future policy-making. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for ecological quality measurement based on current ecosystem functions and biodiverse habitat, compared with pixel-scale historical baselines. The framework was applied to evaluate the changes and driving factors of ecological quality for Chinese terrestrial ecosystems through remote sensing-based and ecosystem process modeled data at 1 km spatial resolution from 2000 to 2018. The results demonstrated the ecological quality index (EQI) had a very different spatial pattern based upon vegetation distribution. An upward trend in EQI was found over most areas, and variability of 46.95% in EQI can be explained well by change in climate, with an additional 10.64% explained by changing human activities, quantified by population density. This study demonstrated a practical and objective approach for quantifying and assessing ecological quality, which has application potential in ecosystem assessments on scales from local to region and nation, yet would provide a new scientific concept and paradigm for macro ecosystems management and decision-making by governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbang Wang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Yuefan Ding
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Wang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Alan E Watson
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA.
| | - Honglin He
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Tourism and Geography, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China.
| | - Xihuang Ouyang
- School of Tourism and Geography, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China.
| | - Yingnian Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
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14
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Balivada S, Grant G, Zhang X, Ghosh M, Guha S, Matamala R. A Wireless Underground Sensor Network Field Pilot for Agriculture and Ecology: Soil Moisture Mapping Using Signal Attenuation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3913. [PMID: 35632322 PMCID: PMC9145698 DOI: 10.3390/s22103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) that collect geospatial in situ sensor data are a backbone of internet-of-things (IoT) applications for agriculture and terrestrial ecology. In this paper, we first show how WUSNs can operate reliably under field conditions year-round and at the same time be used for determining and mapping soil conditions from the buried sensor nodes. We demonstrate the design and deployment of a 23-node WUSN installed at an agricultural field site that covers an area with a 530 m radius. The WUSN has continuously operated since September 2019, enabling real-time monitoring of soil volumetric water content (VWC), soil temperature (ST), and soil electrical conductivity. Secondly, we present data collected over a nine-month period across three seasons. We evaluate the performance of a deep learning algorithm in predicting soil VWC using various combinations of the received signal strength (RSSI) from each buried wireless node, above-ground pathloss, the distance between wireless node and receive antenna (D), ST, air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), and precipitation as input parameters to the model. The AT, RH, and precipitation were obtained from a nearby weather station. We find that a model with RSSI, D, AT, ST, and RH as inputs was able to predict soil VWC with an R2 of 0.82 for test datasets, with a Root Mean Square Error of ±0.012 (m3/m3). Hence, a combination of deep learning and other easily available soil and climatic parameters can be a viable candidate for replacing expensive soil VWC sensors in WUSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Balivada
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.B.); (G.G.); (M.G.); (S.G.)
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
| | - Gregory Grant
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.B.); (G.G.); (M.G.); (S.G.)
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- The Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monisha Ghosh
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.B.); (G.G.); (M.G.); (S.G.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Supratik Guha
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.B.); (G.G.); (M.G.); (S.G.)
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
| | - Roser Matamala
- The Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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15
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Integrating Tree Species Identity and Diversity in Particulate Matter Adsorption. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The amount of PM bound by tree canopies depends on leaf traits, but also the leaf area available, both of which are dependent on tree identity. We investigated four species (Acer platanoides L., Tilia cordata Mill., Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L.) grown in monocultures and in two and four species polycultures. The amount of PM on the leaves of these species was determined by washing and fractionation of the PM into PM2.5, PM10 and PM100 size classes using a filtering method. The leaf area index was estimated by litter collection. The amount of PM2.5 per m2 leaf area was significantly higher in T. cordata compared to Q. robur and A. platanoides, and in C. betulus compared to A. platanoides. The leaf area index in monocultures was similar for all species except T. cordata which was considerably lower. Overyielding of LAI was shown in the two species polyculture of T. cordata and A. platanoides, and also in the four species polyculture. In polyculture, higher amounts of PM were determined in the two species polyculture of Q. robur and C. betulus and also in the four species polyculture. The result show that both tree identity and mixture influence the amount of PM in the canopy, and this is related to tree leaf traits, and also to overyielding of LAI in the polyculture.
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16
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Can Changes in Urban Form Affect PM2.5 Concentration? A Comparative Analysis from 286 Prefecture-Level Cities in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to the sustainable development of cities that we understand how urban form affects the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from a spatial–temporal perspective. This study explored the influence of urban form on PM2.5 concentration in 286 prefecture-level Chinese cities and compared them from national and regional perspectives. The analysis, which explored the influence of urban form on PM2.5 concentration, was based on two types of urban form indicators (socioeconomic urban index and urban landscape index). The results revealed that cities with high PM2.5 concentrations tended to be clustered. From the national perspective, urban built-up area (UA) and road density (RD) have a significant correlation with PM2.5 concentration for all cities. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of patches (NP) and the average concentration of PM2.5 in small and medium-sized cities. Moreover, urban fragmentation had a stronger impact on PM2.5 concentrations in small cities. From a sub-regional perspective, there was no significant correlation between urban form and PM2.5 concentration in the eastern and central regions. On the other hand, the influence of population density on PM2.5 concentration in northeastern China and northwestern China showed a significant positive correlation. In large- and medium-sized cities, the number of patches (NP), the largest patch index (LPI), and the contagion index (CONTAG) were also positively correlated with PM2.5 concentration, while the LPI in small cities was significantly negatively correlated with PM2.5 concentration. This shows that, for more developed areas, planning agencies should encourage moderately decentralized and polycentric urban development. For underdeveloped cities and shrinking cities, the development of a single center should be encouraged.
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17
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Toward Cleaner Production: Can Mobile Phone Technology Help Reduce Inorganic Fertilizer Application? Evidence Using a National Level Dataset. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing agricultural production and optimizing inorganic fertilizer (IF) use are imperative for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Mobile phone usage (MPU) has the potential to reduce IF application while ensuring environmental and agricultural sustainability goals. The main objectives of this study were to assess MPU, mobile phone promotion policy, and whether the mediation role of human capital can help reduce IF use. This study used baseline regression analysis and propensity score matching, difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) to assess the impact of MPU on IF usage. However, the two-stage instrumental variables method (IVM) was used to study the effects of mobile phone promotion policy on IF usage. This study used a national dataset from 7987 rural households in Afghanistan to investigate the impacts of MPU and associated promotion policies on IF application. The baseline regression outcomes showed that the MPU significantly reduced IF usage. The evaluation mechanism revealed that mobile phones help reduce IF application by improving the human capital of farmers. Besides, evidence from the DID technique showed that mobile phone promotion policies lowered IF application. These results remained robust after applying the PSM-DID method and two-stage IVM to control endogenous decisions of rural households. This study results imply that enhancing the accessibility of wideband in remote areas, promoting MPU, and increasing investment in information communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructure can help decrease the IF application in agriculture. Thus, the government should invest in remote areas to facilitate access to ICTs, such as having a telephone and access to a cellular and internet network to provide an environment and facility to apply IF effectively. Further, particular policy support must focus on how vulnerable populations access the internet and mobile phone technologies.
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18
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Effects of fertilizer practice on fungal and actinobacterial cellulolytic community with different humified particle-size fractions in double-cropping field. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18441. [PMID: 34531457 PMCID: PMC8446020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose plays an important role in maintaining or improving soil carbon (C) cycling and soil fertility of paddy field. There had close relationship between functional cellulose genes (cbhI and GH48) with characterize of soil organic matter chemical components (fulvic acid and humic acid) and soil physical fractions. However, there is still limited information about how functional cellulose degradation response to long-term fertilizer management and their relative importance for C sequestration under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China. Therefore, the objective of this study were investigated the effects of 34-years long-term fertilizer regime on community abundance of cbhI and GH48 genes in five soil particle-size fractions (> 2000 μm, 2000–200 μm, 200–50 μm, 50–2 μm and 2–0.1 μm) by using polarization magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The field experiment was included four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without fertilizer input as a control (CK). The results showed that distribution of soil humus and cellulolytic microbial community abundance was significant increased under long-term application of crop residue and organic manure condition. And the FA, HA and HM C contents in > 2000 μm and 2000–50 μm fractions with MF, RF and OM treatments were significant higher than that of CK treatment. Meanwhile, the alkyl C and Oalkyl C groups of FA and HA in > 2000 μm fraction with MF, RF, OM and CK treatments were higher than that of the other fractions. There had higher AL% and lower ARO% of FA and HA in different particle-size fractions with MF, RF, OM and CK treatments. The results indicated that abundance of cbhI and GH48 genes in different particle-size fractions with RF and OM treatments were significant increased, compared with CK treatment. There had significant positive correlation between soil humus C components (FA and HA) with abundance of cbhI and GH48 genes, and the o-alkyl C and AL% of FA were positively correlated with abundance of cbhI and GH48 genes. As a result, the community abundance of cbhI and GH48 genes were significant increased under combined application of crop residue and organic manure with chemical fertilizer condition.
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19
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Tang H, Li C, Shi L, Wen L, Cheng K, Li W, Xiao X. Functional soil organic matter fraction in response to short-term tillage management under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48438-48449. [PMID: 33909246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) and its fraction play an important role in maintaining and improving soil fertility of paddy field. However, there is still limited information about how SOM fraction response to carbon (C) sequestration with different short-term tillage practices under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China. Therefore, the effects of 5-year short-term tillage treatments on different SOM fractions (physically protected, physico-chemically protected, physico-biochemically protected, chemically protected, biochemically protected, and unprotected) under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China were studied in this paper. The field experiment included four different tillage treatments: rotary tillage with crop residue removed as a control (RTO), conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), and no-tillage with crop residue retention (NT). The results showed that soil unprotected (cPOM), biochemically (NH-dSilt), physically-biochemically (NH-μSilt), and chemically protected (H-dSilt) fractions with different tillage treatments were the mainly C storage fraction in paddy field. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content in unprotected (cPOM and fPOM), physically protected (iPOM), and physico-chemically protected (H-μClay) fractions with CT treatment was increased by 1.45, 2.13, 1.91, and 1.42 times higher than that of RTO treatment, respectively. The results showed that largest proportion of fraction to SOC content was biochemically protected, followed by unprotected and physically-biochemically protected, and physically protected was the lowest. These results indicated that soil physically protected, physically-chemically protected, and physically-biochemically protected fractions with CT and RT treatments were higher than that of NT and RTO treatments. In summary, it was a benefit practice for increasing SOM fraction under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China by combined application of conventional tillage and rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Tang
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Li Wen
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Kaikai Cheng
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Weiyan Li
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
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20
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Smith P, Keesstra SD, Silver WL, Adhya TK, De Deyn GB, Carvalheiro LG, Giltrap DL, Renforth P, Cheng K, Sarkar B, Saco PM, Scow K, Smith J, Morel JC, Thiele-Bruhn S, Lal R, McElwee P. Soil-derived Nature's Contributions to People and their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200185. [PMID: 34365826 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue provides an assessment of the contribution of soils to Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Here, we combine this assessment and previously published relationships between NCP and delivery on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to infer contributions of soils to the SDGs. We show that in addition to contributing positively to the delivery of all NCP, soils also have a role in underpinning all SDGs. While highlighting the great potential of soils to contribute to sustainable development, it is recognized that poorly managed, degraded or polluted soils may contribute negatively to both NCP and SDGs. The positive contribution, however, cannot be taken for granted, and soils must be managed carefully to keep them healthy and capable of playing this vital role. A priority for soil management must include: (i) for healthy soils in natural ecosystems, protect them from conversion and degradation; (ii) for managed soils, manage in a way to protect and enhance soil biodiversity, health and sustainability and to prevent degradation; and (iii) for degraded soils, restore to full soil health. We have enough knowledge now to move forward with the implementation of best management practices to maintain and improve soil health. This analysis shows that this is not just desirable, it is essential if we are to meet the SDG targets by 2030 and achieve sustainable development more broadly in the decades to come. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Saskia D Keesstra
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerlinde B De Deyn
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Brazil.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donna L Giltrap
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Phil Renforth
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kun Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Patricia M Saco
- Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering and Centre for Water Security and Environmental Sustainability, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kate Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jo Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Morel
- Tribology and Systems Dynamics Laboratory (LTDS-UMR CNRS 5513), National School of Civil Engineering (ENTPE), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pam McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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21
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Usage of Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing as Efficient Devices to Increase Agricultural System Yields. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6242288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence is an emerging technology in the field of agriculture. Artificial Intelligence-based tools and equipment have actually taken the agriculture sector to a different level. This new technology has improved crop production and enhanced instantaneous monitoring, processing, and collection. The most recent computerized structures using remote sensing and drones have made a significant contribution to the agro-based domain. Moreover, remote sensing has the capability to support the development of farming applications with the aim of facing this main defy, via giving cyclic records on yield status during studied periods at diverse degrees and for diverse parameters. Various hi-tech, computer-supported structures are created to determine different central factors such as plant detection, yield recognition, crop quality, and several other methods. This paper includes the techniques employed for the analysis of collected information in order to enhance the productivity, forecast eventual threats, and reduce the task load on cultivators.
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22
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Summers DM, Regan CM, Settre C, Connor JD, O'Connor P, Abbott H, Frizenschaf J, van der Linden L, Lowe A, Hogendoorn K, Groom S, Cavagnaro TR. Current carbon prices do not stack up to much land use change, despite bundled ecosystem service co-benefits. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2744-2762. [PMID: 33759299 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological sources of carbon sequestration such as revegetation have been highlighted as important avenues to combat climate change and meet global targets by the global community including the Paris Climate Agreement. However, current and projected carbon prices present a considerable barrier to broad-scale adoption of tree planting as a key mitigation strategy. One avenue to provide additional economic and environmental incentives to encourage wider adoption of revegetation is the bundling or stacking of additional co-beneficial ecosystem services that can be realized from tree planting. Using the World's largest land-based carbon credit trading scheme, the Australian Emissions Reduction Scheme (ERF), we examine the potential for three pairs of ecosystem services, where the carbon sequestration value of land use change is paired with an additional co-benefit with strong prospects for local tangible benefits to land owners/providers. Two cases consider agricultural provisioning values that can be realized by the landowners in higher returns: increased pollination services and reduced lamb mortality. The third case examined payments for tree plantings along riparian buffers, with payments to farmers by a water utility who realizes the benefit from reduced treatment cost due to water quality improvements. Economic incentives from these co-benefit case studies were found to be mixed, with avoided treatment costs from water quality paired with carbon payments the most promising, while pollination and reduced lamb mortality paired with carbon payments were unable to bridge the economic gap except under the most optimistic assumptions. We conclude that the economics case for significant land use change are likely to be geographically dispersed and only viable in relatively niche landscape positions in high establishment, high opportunity cost areas even when carbon payments are augmented with the value of co-benefits classified as providing direct and local benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Summers
- Centre for Markets, Values and inclusion, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney M Regan
- Centre for Markets, Values and inclusion, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claire Settre
- The Centre for Global Food and Resources, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeffery D Connor
- Centre for Markets, Values and inclusion, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Patrick O'Connor
- The Centre for Global Food and Resources, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Lowe
- The Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hogendoorn
- The Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Scott Groom
- The Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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23
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Tsachidou B, Hissler C, Noo A, Lemaigre S, Daigneux B, Gennen J, Pacaud S, George IF, Delfosse P. Biogas residues in the battle for terrestrial carbon sequestration: A comparative decomposition study in the grassland soils of the Greater Region. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112272. [PMID: 33677337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of biogas residues resulting from the anaerobic digestion of organic waste on agricultural land is among the means to reduce chemical fertilizer use and combat climate change. This in sacco decomposition study investigates (1) the potential of the granulated biogas residue fraction to provide nutrients and enhance soil carbon sequestration when utilized as exogenous organic matter in grassland soils, and (2) the impact of different nitrogen fertilizers on the organic matter decomposition and nutrient release processes. The experiment was conducted in two permanent grasslands of the Greater Region over one management period using rooibos tea as a comparator material. The decomposition and chemical changes of the two materials after incubation in the soil were assessed by measuring the mass loss, total carbon and nitrogen status, and fibre composition in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Overall, after the incubation period, granulated biogas residue maintained up to 68% of its total mass, organic matter and total carbon; increased its content in recalcitrant organic matter by up to 45% and released 45% of its total nitrogen. Granulated biogas residue demonstrated resilience and a higher response uniformity when exposed to different nitrogen fertilizers, as opposed to the comparator material of rooibos tea. However, the magnitude of fertilizer-type effect varied, with ammonium nitrate and the combinatorial treatment of raw biogas residue mixed with urea leading to the highest organic matter loss from the bags. Our findings suggest that granulated biogas residue is a biofertilizer with the potential to supply nutrients to soil biota over time, and promote carbon sequestration in grassland soils, and thereby advance agricultural sustainability while contributing to climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella Tsachidou
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN, Belvaux, Luxembourg; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Hissler
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - AnaÏs Noo
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Lemaigre
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - Stéphane Pacaud
- ENSAIA, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle F George
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delfosse
- University of Luxembourg, Maison du Savoir, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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24
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Rivers EN, Heitman JL, McLaughlin RA, Howard AM. Reducing roadside runoff: Tillage and compost improve stormwater mitigation in urban soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111732. [PMID: 33298391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soils adjacent to urban surfaces are often impaired by construction activities that degrade the natural structure and function of the soil, resulting in altered physical, hydraulic, and vegetative properties that limit the infiltration, storage, and filtration of stormwater runoff. A management approach to enhance the efficacy of vegetated roadside soils for runoff control is the use of compost in conjunction with tillage to improve soil conditions and facilitate improved hydrological function, the establishment of vegetative biomass, and increased nutrient and pollutant attenuation. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of soil improvement measures to reduce runoff volumes and improve water quality along roadsides over time. The effects of tillage with and without compost on 1) bulk density and infiltration rates, 2) runoff volumes, and 3) runoff water quality were evaluated during multiple storm events along two long-established interstate roadsides in North Carolina during 2015 and 2017. Experimental plots were established in the grassed areas adjacent to roads and consisted of an untreated control, tillage only, and tillage amended with compost. Tillage alone did not reduce runoff in roadside soils, however, tillage with compost did improve runoff capture. The patterns in hydrologic performance within and among sites suggests that the incorporation of compost in tilled soils may influence storage potential through different effects on soil properties, such as decreasing bulk density or improving vegetation establishment, thereby increasing evapotranspirative withdrawals, depending on soil texture. Tillage increased sediment concentrations in runoff, however, net export of sediments was reduced with the inclusion of compost due to the reduction of runoff quantities compared to undisturbed areas and tillage alone. Control and treatment plots were equally effective in reducing dissolved nutrient and metal concentrations, however, the improved hydrologic performance in plots with compost decreased net nutrient and metal export in most storms. The results of this study suggest that the incorporation of compost in compacted urban soils may provide significant improvements for biological and physical soil properties that affect stormwater interception and infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Rivers
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Joshua L Heitman
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Richard A McLaughlin
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Adam M Howard
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Bradshaw CJA, Ehrlich PR, Beattie A, Ceballos G, Crist E, Diamond J, Dirzo R, Ehrlich AH, Harte J, Harte ME, Pyke G, Raven PH, Ripple WJ, Saltré F, Turnbull C, Wackernagel M, Blumstein DT. Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report three major and confronting environmental issues that have received little attention and require urgent action. First, we review the evidence that future environmental conditions will be far more dangerous than currently believed. The scale of the threats to the biosphere and all its lifeforms—including humanity—is in fact so great that it is difficult to grasp for even well-informed experts. Second, we ask what political or economic system, or leadership, is prepared to handle the predicted disasters, or even capable of such action. Third, this dire situation places an extraordinary responsibility on scientists to speak out candidly and accurately when engaging with government, business, and the public. We especially draw attention to the lack of appreciation of the enormous challenges to creating a sustainable future. The added stresses to human health, wealth, and well-being will perversely diminish our political capacity to mitigate the erosion of ecosystem services on which society depends. The science underlying these issues is strong, but awareness is weak. Without fully appreciating and broadcasting the scale of the problems and the enormity of the solutions required, society will fail to achieve even modest sustainability goals.
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26
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Strategy of Water Distribution for Sustainable Community: Who Owns Water in Divided Cyprus? SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12218978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although it is completely surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the island of Cyprus has long suffered from water problems arising from irregular rainfall, leading to sustained political conflict conditions for a long period. Water scarcity is likely to become a major issue, thus a range of options for water catchments should be examined and trialed. This article explores the connection between ownership of water and water management in a divided territory to gain an understanding of how politics are involved in water conflict. By investigating the water situation in Cyprus, this study aims to evaluate the strategies that can ensure the sustainability of new water networks for domestic and irrigation needs. This understanding can be used to minimize the gap between water supply and demand to provide water stressed countries with sufficient, safe, and reliable water for their domestic and irrigation needs. The research proposes a reinterpretation of the extraterritorial conditions of contemporary Cyprus and a plan to realign the island’s water system through the creation of a new post-national territory. Thus, the study presents a vision for a sustainable water supply. In addition, the study discusses strategies and actions for water distribution networks with consideration of political and social issues to provide a potential new vision for future urbanization.
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Stankov S, Fidan H, Petkova Z, Stoyanova M, Petkova N, Stoyanova A, Semerdjieva I, Radoukova T, Zheljazkov VD. Comparative Study on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Grecian Juniper ( Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb) Unripe and Ripe Galbuli. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091207. [PMID: 32942594 PMCID: PMC7570073 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grecian juniper (Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb.) is an evergreen tree and a rare plant found in very few locations in southern Bulgaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of J. excelsa unripe and ripe galbuli from three different locations in Bulgaria. The essential oil content ranged between 1.9% and 5.1%, while the lipid fraction yield was between 4.5% and 9.1%. The content of total chlorophyll was 185.4-273.4 μg/g dw. The total carotenoid content ranged between 41.7 and 50.4 μg/g dw of ripe galbuli, and protein content was between 13.6% and 16.4%. Histidine (5.5 and 8.0 mg/g content range) and lysine (4.0 and 6.1 mg/g) were the major essential amino acids. The antioxidant potential of the 95% and 70% ethanol extracts was analyzed using four different methods. A positive correlation between the antioxidant potential and phenolic content of the galbuli was found. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the differences in phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of J. excelsa galbuli as a function of maturity stage and collection locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanko Stankov
- Department of Nutrition and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Nutrition and Tourism, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tzar Asen, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Magdalena Stoyanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Nadezhda Petkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, 12 Mendleev12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Tzenka Radoukova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tzar Asen, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Abrar MM, Xu M, Shah SAA, Aslam MW, Aziz T, Mustafa A, Ashraf MN, Zhou B, Ma X. Variations in the profile distribution and protection mechanisms of organic carbon under long-term fertilization in a Chinese Mollisol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138181. [PMID: 32392681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long term fertilization may have a significant effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and profile distribution. However, previous research mostly explored the SOC in the topsoil and provided little or no information about its distribution in deeper layers and various protection mechanisms particularly under long-term fertilization. The present study investigated the contents and profile distribution (0-100 cm) of distinct SOC protection mechanisms in the Mollisol (black soil) of Northeast China after 35 years of mineral and manure application. The initial Organic Matter content of the topsoil (0-20 cm) ranged from 26.4 to 27.0 g kg-1 soil, and ploughing depth was up to 20 cm. A combination of physical-chemical fractionation methods was employed to study various SOC fractions. There were significant variations throughout the profile among the various fractions and protection mechanisms. In topsoil (to 40 cm), mineral plus manure fertilization (MNPK) increased the total SOC content and accounted for 16.15% in the 0-20 cm and 12.34% in the 20-40 cm layer, while the manure alone (M) increased the total SOC by 56.14%, 48.73% and 27.73% in the subsoil (40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm, respectively). Moreover, MNPK and M in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively increased the unprotected coarse particulate organic carbon (cPOC) (48% and 26%, respectively), physically protected micro-aggregate (μagg) (20% and 18%, respectively) and occluded particulate organic carbon (iPOC) contents (279% and 93%, respectively) compared with the control (CK). A positive linear correlation was observed between total SOC and the cPOC, iPOC, physico-biochemically protected NH-μSilt and physico-chemically protected H-μSilt (p < 0.01) across the whole profile. Overall, physical, physico-biochemical and physico-chemical protection were the predominant mechanisms to sequester carbon in the whole profile, whereas the biochemical protection mechanisms were only relevant in the topsoil, thus demonstrating the differential mechanistic sensitivity of fractions for organic carbon cycling across the profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin Abrar
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minggang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Syed Atizaz Ali Shah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Wajahat Aslam
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, UAF Sub-Campus Depalpur, Okara, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Sterling Highway, Perth, Australia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baoku Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xingzhu Ma
- Institute of Environment and Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
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29
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The Irrigation Cooling Effect as a Climate Regulation Service of Agroecosystems. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Agroecosystems provide a range of benefits to society and the economy, which we call ecosystem services (ES). These services can be evaluated on the basis of environmental and socioeconomic indicators. The irrigation cooling effect (ICE), given its influence on the land surface temperature (LST), is an indicator of climate regulation services from agroecosystems. In this context, the objective of this study is to quantify the ICE in agroecosystems at the local scale. The agroecosystem of citrus cultivation in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) is used as a case study. Once the LST was retrieved by remote sensing images for 216 plots, multivariate regression methods were used to identify the factors that explain ICE. The use of a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model is proposed, instead of ordinary least squares, as it offsets the spatial dependence and gives a better fit. The GWR explains 78% of the variability in the LST, by means of three variables: the vegetation index, the water index of the crop, and the altitude. Thus, the effects of the change in land use on the LST due to restrictions on the availability of water (up to 1.22 °C higher for rain-fed crops) are estimated. The trade-offs between ICE and the other ES are investigated by using the irrigation water required to reduce the temperature. This work shows the magnitude of the climate regulation service generated by irrigated citrus and enables its quantification in agroecosystems with similar characteristics.
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30
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Evaluation and Tradeoff Analysis of Ecosystem Service for Typical Land-Use Patterns in the Karst Region of Southwest China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although many land-use patterns have been established to restore vegetation and eliminate poverty in the karst area in southwest China, the ecosystem services (ESs) of these patterns are still not fully understood. To compare the differences in seven typical monoculture patterns and three agroforestry patterns, their ESs and tradeoffs were analyzed within the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework. Compared with the local traditional corn pattern, the marigold pattern improved provisioning, regulating, and cultural services by >100%. The pomegranate pattern provided far more provisioning services than the other patterns. The apple + soybean intercropping pattern reduced regulating services, and eventually, its Total ESs (TES) and ecosystem multifunctionality index (EMF) also decreased. Cultural services will be enhanced by the introduction of fruit trees, as well as intercropping. Orange + peach had the greatest negative tradeoffs between provisioning and regulating services (P-R), provisioning and supporting services (P-S), and provisioning and cultural services (P-C), which indicates that the provisioning services urgently require improvement. Peach + pumpkin intercropping decreased the negative tradeoffs of P-R, P-S, and P-C (all > 10%), while pomegranate + grass intercropping increased the negative tradeoffs of R-S and R-C (all > 100%). Our results suggest that all six of these patterns are worthy of promotion but the pomegranate pattern should be given priority. Among the three intercropping patterns studied herein, the apple + soybean pattern should be redesigned to improve performance.
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31
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Gebre T, Gebremedhin B. The mutual benefits of promoting rural-urban interdependence through linked ecosystem services. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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32
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Villa JA, Mejía GM, Velásquez D, Botero A, Acosta SA, Marulanda JM, Osorno AM, Bohrer G. Carbon sequestration and methane emissions along a microtopographic gradient in a tropical Andean peatland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:651-661. [PMID: 30447603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tropical alpine peatlands are among the least studied wetlands types on earth. Their important ecosystem services at local and regional scope are currently threatened by climate and land use changes. Recent studies in these ecosystems suggest their importance to the provision of climate regulation services, prompting a better understanding of the underlying functions and their variability at ecosystem scales. The objective of this study is to determine the variability of methane (CH4) fluxes and carbon (C) sequestration within a tropical alpine peatland in three locations along a microtopographic gradient and its associated plant diversity. These locations accounted for: 1) hummocks, found mostly near the edge of the peat with a water table below the soil surface, 2) lawns, in the transition zone, with a water-table near the soil surface, and 3) hollows, permanently flooded with a water table above the soil surface, composed of small patches of open water intermingled with unconsolidated hummocks that surface the water level. Results indicate that CH4 flux is lowest in the lawns, while C sequestration is highest. Conversely, the hummock and hollow have higher CH4 flux and lower C sequestration. In addition, plant diversity in the lawns is higher than in the hummock and hollow location. Dryer conditions brought by current climate change in the northern Andes are expected to lower the water tables in the peatland. This change is expected to drive a change in CH4 flux and C sequestration at the lawns, currently dominating the peatland, towards values more similar to those measured in the hummocks. This decrease may also represent a change towards the lower plant diversity that characterized the hummock. Such changes will reduce the ratio of C sequestration:CH4 flux signifying the reduction of resilience and increment of vulnerability of the climate-regulating service to further perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Villa
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia; Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Gloria M Mejía
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Daniela Velásquez
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Andrés Botero
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Sharon A Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Juliana M Marulanda
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Ana M Osorno
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Hummel C, Poursanidis D, Orenstein D, Elliott M, Adamescu MC, Cazacu C, Ziv G, Chrysoulakis N, van der Meer J, Hummel H. Protected Area management: Fusion and confusion with the ecosystem services approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2432-2443. [PMID: 30336433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, Protected Areas (PA) have been an important tool for conserving nature. Recently, also societal aspects have been introduced into PA management via the introduction of the Ecosystem Services (ES) approach. This review discusses the historical background of PAs, PA management, and the ES approach. We then discuss the relevance and applicability of the ES approach for PA management, including the different definitions of ES, different classification methods, and the ways in which ES are measured. We conclude that there are still major challenges ahead in using the ES approach in PA management and so recommendations are given on the way in which the ES approach should be integrated into PA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan Hummel
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Yerseke, the Netherlands; VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Dimitris Poursanidis
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Daniel Orenstein
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Elliott
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | | | | | - Guy Ziv
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nektarios Chrysoulakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jaap van der Meer
- VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Department of Ocean and Coastal Systems, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Herman Hummel
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Yerseke, the Netherlands
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Fargione JE, Bassett S, Boucher T, Bridgham SD, Conant RT, Cook-Patton SC, Ellis PW, Falcucci A, Fourqurean JW, Gopalakrishna T, Gu H, Henderson B, Hurteau MD, Kroeger KD, Kroeger T, Lark TJ, Leavitt SM, Lomax G, McDonald RI, Megonigal JP, Miteva DA, Richardson CJ, Sanderman J, Shoch D, Spawn SA, Veldman JW, Williams CA, Woodbury PB, Zganjar C, Baranski M, Elias P, Houghton RA, Landis E, McGlynn E, Schlesinger WH, Siikamaki JV, Sutton-Grier AE, Griscom BW. Natural climate solutions for the United States. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat1869. [PMID: 30443593 PMCID: PMC6235523 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Limiting climate warming to <2°C requires increased mitigation efforts, including land stewardship, whose potential in the United States is poorly understood. We quantified the potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)-21 conservation, restoration, and improved land management interventions on natural and agricultural lands-to increase carbon storage and avoid greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. We found a maximum potential of 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) Pg CO2e year-1, the equivalent of 21% of current net annual emissions of the United States. At current carbon market prices (USD 10 per Mg CO2e), 299 Tg CO2e year-1 could be achieved. NCS would also provide air and water filtration, flood control, soil health, wildlife habitat, and climate resilience benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Scott D. Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Richard T. Conant
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Susan C. Cook-Patton
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | | | | | - James W. Fourqurean
- Marine Sciences Program, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | | | - Huan Gu
- Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Benjamin Henderson
- Trade and Agriculture Directorate, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris 75016, France
| | - Matthew D. Hurteau
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kevin D. Kroeger
- Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Timm Kroeger
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Tyler J. Lark
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | | | - Guy Lomax
- The Nature Conservancy, Oxford OX1 1HU, UK
| | | | | | - Daniela A. Miteva
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Curtis J. Richardson
- Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - David Shoch
- TerraCarbon LLC, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Seth A. Spawn
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Joseph W. Veldman
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Peter B. Woodbury
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Marci Baranski
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Landis
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Emily McGlynn
- Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Juha V. Siikamaki
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Washington, DC 20009, USA
| | - Ariana E. Sutton-Grier
- The Nature Conservancy, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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Rajbongshi P, Das T, Adhikari D. Microenvironmental heterogeneity caused by anthropogenic LULC foster lower plant assemblages in the riparian habitats of lentic systems in tropical floodplains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1254-1260. [PMID: 29929292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic land use and land cover (LULC) create a heterogeneous environment in the floodplains. This heterogeneity may be governing plant species assemblages, diversity, and dominance patterns in the riparian habitats of the lentic systems in tropical floodplains. We tested this hypothesis in the floodplains of Barak river basin in northeast India following standard methods of plant and soil sampling/analysis and multivariate statistical tools. Plant community studies in the riparian habitats of the selected lentic systems were done at monthly intervals for a period of one year, while soil sampling and analysis were done at bimonthly intervals. Standard data visualization plots and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to assess spatiotemporal variations in species richness and diversity, environmental heterogeneity, and species-environment association. The study revealed that anthropogenic land use and land cover significantly affects species assemblage, diversity, and dominance in the riparian habitats. The variations in vegetation structure and composition with respect to the adjoining land use type plausibly have implications on the structure and functioning of the lentic systems. Thus, the study recommends that a holistic approach involving the riparian areas is required for effective management of tropical floodplains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Rajbongshi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Tapati Das
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
| | - Dibyendu Adhikari
- Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
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36
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The Water Implications of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Effects on Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10072367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
With a growing population with changing demands, competition for the global land resource is increasing. We need to feed a projected population of 9-10 billion by 2050, rising to approximately 12 billion by 2100. At the same time, we need to reduce the climate impact of agriculture, forestry and other land use, and we almost certainly need to deliver land-based greenhouse gas removal for additional climate change mitigation. In addition, we need to deliver progress towards meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, all without compromising the many ecosystem services provided by land and without exceeding planetary boundaries. Managing the land to tackle these pressing issues is a major global challenge. In this perspective paper, I provide a very broad overview of the main challenges, and explore co-benefits, trade-offs and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences and ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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38
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Trade-off Analysis of Ecosystem Services in a Mountainous Karst Area, China. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Holland JE, Bennett AE, Newton AC, White PJ, McKenzie BM, George TS, Pakeman RJ, Bailey JS, Fornara DA, Hayes RC. Liming impacts on soils, crops and biodiversity in the UK: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:316-332. [PMID: 28806549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fertile soil is fundamental to our ability to achieve food security, but problems with soil degradation (such as acidification) are exacerbated by poor management. Consequently, there is a need to better understand management approaches that deliver multiple ecosystem services from agricultural land. There is global interest in sustainable soil management including the re-evaluation of existing management practices. Liming is a long established practice to ameliorate acidic soils and many liming-induced changes are well understood. For instance, short-term liming impacts are detected on soil biota and in soil biological processes (such as in N cycling where liming can increase N availability for plant uptake). The impacts of liming on soil carbon storage are variable and strongly relate to soil type, land use, climate and multiple management factors. Liming influences all elements in soils and as such there are numerous simultaneous changes to soil processes which in turn affect the plant nutrient uptake; two examples of positive impact for crops are increased P availability and decreased uptake of toxic heavy metals. Soil physical conditions are at least maintained or improved by liming, but the time taken to detect change varies significantly. Arable crops differ in their sensitivity to soil pH and for most crops there is a positive yield response. Liming also introduces implications for the development of different crop diseases and liming management is adjusted according to crop type within a given rotation. Repeated lime applications tend to improve grassland biomass production, although grassland response is variable and indirect as it relates to changes in nutrient availability. Other indicators of liming response in grassland are detected in mineral content and herbage quality which have implications for livestock-based production systems. Ecological studies have shown positive impacts of liming on biodiversity; such as increased earthworm abundance that provides habitat for wading birds in upland grasslands. Finally, understanding of liming impacts on soil and crop processes are explored together with functional aspects (in terms of ecosystems services) in a new qualitative framework that includes consideration of how liming impacts change with time. This holistic approach provides insights into the far-reaching impacts that liming has on ecosystems and the potential for liming to enhance the multiple benefits from agriculturally managed land. Recommendations are given for future research on the impact of liming and the implications for ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Holland
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - A E Bennett
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - A C Newton
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - P J White
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - B M McKenzie
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - T S George
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - R J Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - J S Bailey
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - D A Fornara
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - R C Hayes
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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40
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Dai E, Wang X, Zhu J, Xi W. Quantifying ecosystem service trade-offs for plantation forest management to benefit provisioning and regulating services. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7807-7821. [PMID: 29043036 PMCID: PMC5632617 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest worldwide regarding managing plantation forests in a manner that maintains or improves timber production, enhances ecosystem services, and promotes long-term sustainability of forest resources. We selected the Gan River Basin, the largest catchment of Poyang Lake and a region with a typical plantation distribution in South China, as the study region. We evaluated and mapped four important forest ecosystem services, including wood volume, carbon storage, water yield, and soil retention at a 30 × 30 m resolution, then quantified their trade-offs and synergies at the county and subwatershed scales. We found that the wood volume and carbon storage services, as well as the soil retention and water yield, exhibited synergistic relationships. However, the carbon storage displayed a trade-off relationship with the water yield. Additionally, we compared the beneficial spatial characteristics among dominant species in the study region. The results showed that the Chinese fir forest and the pine forest exhibited lower overall benefits than natural forests including the broad-leaved forest and the bamboo forest. To propose a suitable management strategy for the study region, method of spatial cluster analysis was used based on the four eco-services at the subwatershed scale. The basin was divided into four management groups instead of treating the region as a homogenous management region. Finally, we proposed more specific and diverse management strategies to optimize forest benefits throughout the entire region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er‐fu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and SimulationInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and SimulationInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Marine Data and Information Service CenterTianjinChina
| | - Jian‐jia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and SimulationInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐min Xi
- Department of Biological and Health SciencesTexas A&M UniversityKingsvilleTXUSA
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41
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Akujärvi A, Lehtonen A, Liski J. Ecosystem services of boreal forests - Carbon budget mapping at high resolution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:498-514. [PMID: 27420172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The carbon (C) cycle of forests produces ecosystem services (ES) such as climate regulation and timber production. Mapping these ES using simple land cover -based proxies might add remarkable inaccuracy to the estimates. A framework to map the current status of the C budget of boreal forested landscapes was developed. The C stocks of biomass and soil and the annual change in these stocks were quantified in a 20 × 20 m resolution at the regional level on mineral soils in southern Finland. The fine-scale variation of the estimates was analyzed geo-statistically. The reliability of the estimates was evaluated by comparing them to measurements from the national multi-source forest inventory. The C stocks of forests increased slightly from the south coast to inland whereas the changes in these stocks were more uniform. The spatial patches of C stocks were larger than those of C stock changes. The patch size of the C stocks reflected the spatial variation in the environmental conditions, and that of the C stock changes the typical area of forest management compartments. The simulated estimates agreed well with the measurements indicating a good mapping framework performance. The mapping framework is the basis for evaluating the effects of forest management alternatives on C budget at high resolution across large spatial scales. It will be coupled with the assessment of other ES and biodiversity to study their relationships. The framework integrated a wide suite of simulation models and extensive inventory data. It provided reliable estimates of the human influence on C cycle in forested landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Akujärvi
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, Finland; University of Helsinki, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Finland.
| | | | - Jari Liski
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, Finland
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42
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Boerema A, Rebelo AJ, Bodi MB, Esler KJ, Meire P. Are ecosystem services adequately quantified? J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Boerema
- Department of Biology; Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE); University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1C Wilrijk 2610 Belgium
| | - Alanna J. Rebelo
- Department of Biology; Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE); University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1C Wilrijk 2610 Belgium
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; JS Marais Building, Victoria Street 7600 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Merche B. Bodi
- Department of Biology; Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE); University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1C Wilrijk 2610 Belgium
| | - Karen J. Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; JS Marais Building, Victoria Street 7600 Stellenbosch South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology (C.I.B); Private Bag X01, Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Patrick Meire
- Department of Biology; Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE); University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1C Wilrijk 2610 Belgium
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43
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Schaubroeck T, Deckmyn G, Giot O, Campioli M, Vanpoucke C, Verheyen K, Rugani B, Achten W, Verbeeck H, Dewulf J, Muys B. Environmental impact assessment and monetary ecosystem service valuation of an ecosystem under different future environmental change and management scenarios; a case study of a Scots pine forest. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 173:79-94. [PMID: 26974241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For a sustainable future, we must sustainably manage not only the human/industrial system but also ecosystems. To achieve the latter goal, we need to predict the responses of ecosystems and their provided services to management practices under changing environmental conditions via ecosystem models and use tools to compare the estimated provided services between the different scenarios. However, scientific articles have covered a limited amount of estimated ecosystem services and have used tools to aggregate services that contain a significant amount of subjective aspects and that represent the final result in a non-tangible unit such as 'points'. To resolve these matters, this study quantifies the environmental impact (on human health, natural systems and natural resources) in physical units and uses an ecosystem service valuation based on monetary values (including ecosystem disservices with associated negative monetary values). More specifically, the paper also focuses on the assessment of ecosystem services related to pollutant removal/generation flows, accounting for the inflow of eutrophying nitrogen (N) when assessing the effect of N leached to groundwater. Regarding water use/provisioning, evapotranspiration is alternatively considered a disservice because it implies a loss of (potential) groundwater. These approaches and improvements, relevant to all ecosystems, are demonstrated using a Scots pine stand from 2010 to 2089 for a combination of three environmental change and three management scenarios. The environmental change scenarios considered interannual climate variability trends and included alterations in temperature, precipitation, nitrogen deposition, wind speed, Particulate matter (PM) concentration and CO2 concentration. The addressed flows/ecosystem services, including disservices, are as follows: particulate matter removal, freshwater loss, CO2 sequestration, wood production, NOx emissions, NH3 uptake and nitrogen pollution/removal. The monetary ecosystem service valuation yields a total average estimate of 361-1242 euro ha(-1) yr(-1). PM2.5 (<2.5 μm) removal is the key service, with a projected value of 622-1172 euro ha(-1) yr(-1). Concerning environmental impact assessment, with net CO2 uptake being the most relevant contributing flow, a loss prevention of 0.014-0.029 healthy life years ha(-1) yr(-1) is calculated for the respective flows. Both assessment methods favor the use of the least intensive management scenario due to its resulting higher CO2 sequestration and PM removal, which are the most important services of the considered ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schaubroeck
- Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Gaby Deckmyn
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Olivier Giot
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium; Royal Meteorological Institute (KMI), Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Vanpoucke
- Belgian Interregional Environment Agency, Kunstlaan 10-11, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Laboratory, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Benedetto Rugani
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Department of Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN), Rue du Brill 41, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Wouter Achten
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute for Environmental Management and Land Use Planning (IGEAT), Gestion de l'Environnement, Société et Territoire (GESTe), Avenue Franklin D, Roosevelt 50 CP 130/02, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jo Dewulf
- Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Muys
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E-2411, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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44
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Balancing conservation and climate change – a methodology using existing data demonstrated for twelve UK priority habitats. J Nat Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Smith P. Soil carbon sequestration and biochar as negative emission technologies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1315-24. [PMID: 26732128 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite 20 years of effort to curb emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions grew faster during the 2000s than in the 1990s, which presents a major challenge for meeting the international goal of limiting warming to <2 °C relative to the preindustrial era. Most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs) to reach the 2 °C target. A recent analysis of NETs, including direct air capture, enhanced weathering, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation/deforestation, showed that all NETs have significant limits to implementation, including economic cost, energy requirements, land use, and water use. In this paper, I assess the potential for negative emissions from soil carbon sequestration and biochar addition to land, and also the potential global impacts on land use, water, nutrients, albedo, energy and cost. Results indicate that soil carbon sequestration and biochar have useful negative emission potential (each 0.7 GtCeq. yr(-1) ) and that they potentially have lower impact on land, water use, nutrients, albedo, energy requirement and cost, so have fewer disadvantages than many NETs. Limitations of soil carbon sequestration as a NET centre around issues of sink saturation and reversibility. Biochar could be implemented in combination with bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Current integrated assessment models do not represent soil carbon sequestration or biochar. Given the negative emission potential of SCS and biochar and their potential advantages compared to other NETs, efforts should be made to include these options within IAMs, so that their potential can be explored further in comparison with other NETs for climate stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Scottish Food Security Alliance-Crops & ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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46
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Smith P, House JI, Bustamante M, Sobocká J, Harper R, Pan G, West PC, Clark JM, Adhya T, Rumpel C, Paustian K, Kuikman P, Cotrufo MF, Elliott JA, McDowell R, Griffiths RI, Asakawa S, Bondeau A, Jain AK, Meersmans J, Pugh TAM. Global change pressures on soils from land use and management. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1008-28. [PMID: 26301476 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soils are subject to varying degrees of direct or indirect human disturbance, constituting a major global change driver. Factoring out natural from direct and indirect human influence is not always straightforward, but some human activities have clear impacts. These include land-use change, land management and land degradation (erosion, compaction, sealing and salinization). The intensity of land use also exerts a great impact on soils, and soils are also subject to indirect impacts arising from human activity, such as acid deposition (sulphur and nitrogen) and heavy metal pollution. In this critical review, we report the state-of-the-art understanding of these global change pressures on soils, identify knowledge gaps and research challenges and highlight actions and policies to minimize adverse environmental impacts arising from these global change drivers. Soils are central to considerations of what constitutes sustainable intensification. Therefore, ensuring that vulnerable and high environmental value soils are considered when protecting important habitats and ecosystems, will help to reduce the pressure on land from global change drivers. To ensure that soils are protected as part of wider environmental efforts, a global soil resilience programme should be considered, to monitor, recover or sustain soil fertility and function, and to enhance the ecosystem services provided by soils. Soils cannot, and should not, be considered in isolation of the ecosystems that they underpin and vice versa. The role of soils in supporting ecosystems and natural capital needs greater recognition. The lasting legacy of the International Year of Soils in 2015 should be to put soils at the centre of policy supporting environmental protection and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Scottish Food Security Alliance-Crops & ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Joanna I House
- Cabot Institute, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Mercedes Bustamante
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, I.B. C.P. 04457, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - UnB. D.F., CEP: 70919-970, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jaroslava Sobocká
- National Agriculture and Food Centre Lužianky, Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute Bratislava, Gagarinova 10, 827 13, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Richard Harper
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Ecosystem of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Paul C West
- Global Landscapes Initiative, Institute on the Environment (IonE), University of Minnesota, 325 Learning & Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Joanna M Clark
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 227, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Tapan Adhya
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Cornelia Rumpel
- CNRS, IEES (UMR 7618 UPMC-CNRS-UPEC-IRD) CentreAgroParisTech-INRA, Bâtiment EGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France and INRA, UMR 1402 INRA-AgroParisTech ECOSYS, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Keith Paustian
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences & Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Peter Kuikman
- Alterra Wageningen UR, PO Box 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Francesca Cotrufo
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences & Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Jane A Elliott
- National Hydrology Research Centre, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Richard McDowell
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch, Private Bag, Mosgiel, 50034, New Zealand
| | - Robert I Griffiths
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Susumu Asakawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Alberte Bondeau
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, BP 80, Aix-en-Provence, 13545, France
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 105 S. Gregory Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jeroen Meersmans
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Armory Building, Renes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
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47
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Kath J, Powell S, Reardon-Smith K, El Sawah S, Jakeman AJ, Croke BFW, Dyer FJ. Groundwater salinization intensifies drought impacts in forests and reduces refuge capacity. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Kath
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
| | - Sue Powell
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- International Centre for Applied Climate Sciences; University of Southern Queensland; Toowoomba Qld 4350 Australia
| | - Sondoss El Sawah
- Integrated Catchment Assessment and Management (iCAM); Fenner School of Environment and Society; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT); The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony J. Jakeman
- Integrated Catchment Assessment and Management (iCAM); Fenner School of Environment and Society; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT); The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Barry F. W. Croke
- Integrated Catchment Assessment and Management (iCAM); Fenner School of Environment and Society; National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training (NCGRT); The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Mathematical Sciences Institute; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fiona J. Dyer
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
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48
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Rebelo AJ, Le Maitre DC, Esler KJ, Cowling RM. Hydrological responses of a valley-bottom wetland to land-use/land-cover change in a South African catchment: making a case for wetland restoration. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna J. Rebelo
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; JS Marais Building, Victoria Street 7600 Stellenbosch South Africa
- Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE), Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Office 2.20, Building C, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - David C. Le Maitre
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); PO Box 320 7600 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Karen J. Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; Stellenbosch University; JS Marais Building, Victoria Street 7600 Stellenbosch South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology (C.I.B); Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Richard M. Cowling
- Department of Botany; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; PO Box 7700 6031 Port Elizabeth South Africa
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49
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Truchy A, Angeler DG, Sponseller RA, Johnson RK, McKie BG. Linking Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning and Services, and Ecological Resilience. ADV ECOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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50
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Malthus is still wrong: we can feed a world of 9-10 billion, but only by reducing food demand. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 74:187-90. [PMID: 25319456 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665114001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus published 'An essay on the principle of population' in which he concluded that: 'The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race.' Over the following century he was criticised for underestimating the potential for scientific and technological innovation to provide positive change. Since then, he has been proved wrong, with a number of papers published during the past few decades pointing out why he has been proved wrong so many times. In the present paper, I briefly review the main changes in food production in the past that have allowed us to continue to meet ever growing demand for food, and I examine the possibility of these same innovations delivering food security in the future. On the basis of recent studies, I conclude that technological innovation can no longer be relied upon to prove Malthus wrong as we strive to feed 9-10 billion people by 2050. Unless we are prepared to accept a wide range of significant, undesirable environmental consequences, technology alone cannot provide food security in 2050. Food demand, particularly the demand for livestock products, will need to be managed if we are to continue to prove Malthus wrong into the future.
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