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Baek G, Lee H, Ko J, Choi HK. Exogenous melatonin enhances the growth and production of bioactive metabolites in Lemna aequinoctialis culture by modulating metabolic and lipidomic profiles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:545. [PMID: 36434529 PMCID: PMC9701026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lemna species are cosmopolitan floating plants that have great application potential in the food/feed, pharmaceutical, phytoremediation, biofuel, and bioplastic industries. In this study, the effects of exogenous melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 µM) on the growth and production of various bioactive metabolites and intact lipid species were investigated in Lemna aequinoctialis culture. RESULTS Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the growth (total dry weight) of the Lemna aequinoctialis culture. Melatonin treatment also increased cellular production of metabolites including β-alanine, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, chlorophyll, glutamic acid, phytosterols, serotonin, and sucrose, and intact lipid species; digalactosyldiacylglycerols, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols. Among those metabolites, the productivity of campesterol (1.79 mg/L) and stigmasterol (10.94 mg/L) were the highest at day 28, when 10 µM melatonin was treated at day 7. CONCLUSION These results suggest that melatonin treatment could be employed for enhanced production of biomass or various bioactive metabolites and intact lipid species in large-scale L. aequinoctialis cultivation as a resource for food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- GahYoung Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JuHee Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Aben RCH, Velthuis M, Kazanjian G, Frenken T, Peeters ETHM, Van de Waal DB, Hilt S, de Senerpont Domis LN, Lamers LPM, Kosten S. Temperature response of aquatic greenhouse gas emissions differs between dominant plant types. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119251. [PMID: 36288666 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from small inland waters are disproportionately large. Climate warming is expected to favor dominance of algae and free-floating plants at the expense of submerged plants. Through different routes these functional plant types may have far-reaching impacts on freshwater GHG emissions in future warmer waters, which are yet unknown. We conducted a 1,000 L mesocosm experiment testing the effects of plant type and warming on GHG emissions from temperate inland waters dominated by either algae, free-floating or submerged plants in controls and warmed (+4 °C) treatments for one year each. Our results show that the effect of experimental warming on GHG fluxes differs between dominance of different functional plant types, mainly by modulating methane ebullition, an often-dominant GHG emission pathway. Specifically, we demonstrate that the response to experimental warming was strongest for free-floating and lowest for submerged plant-dominated systems. Importantly, our results suggest that anticipated shifts in plant type from submerged plants to a dominance of algae or free-floating plants with warming may increase total GHG emissions from shallow waters. This, together with a warming-induced emission response, represents a so far overlooked positive climate feedback. Management strategies aimed at favouring submerged plant dominance may thus substantially mitigate GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf C H Aben
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, GL 6500, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy Velthuis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, GL 6500, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands; Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, Berlin 12587, Germany
| | - Garabet Kazanjian
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, Berlin 12587, Germany
| | - Thijs Frenken
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, Berlin 12587, Germany
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, GL 6500, the Netherlands
| | - Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen, GL 6500, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, Wageningen, PB 6708, the Netherlands.
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3
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Acosta K, Appenroth KJ, Borisjuk L, Edelman M, Heinig U, Jansen MAK, Oyama T, Pasaribu B, Schubert I, Sorrels S, Sree KS, Xu S, Michael TP, Lam E. Return of the Lemnaceae: duckweed as a model plant system in the genomics and postgenomics era. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3207-3234. [PMID: 34273173 PMCID: PMC8505876 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic Lemnaceae family, commonly called duckweed, comprises some of the smallest and fastest growing angiosperms known on Earth. Their tiny size, rapid growth by clonal propagation, and facile uptake of labeled compounds from the media were attractive features that made them a well-known model for plant biology from 1950 to 1990. Interest in duckweed has steadily regained momentum over the past decade, driven in part by the growing need to identify alternative plants from traditional agricultural crops that can help tackle urgent societal challenges, such as climate change and rapid population expansion. Propelled by rapid advances in genomic technologies, recent studies with duckweed again highlight the potential of these small plants to enable discoveries in diverse fields from ecology to chronobiology. Building on established community resources, duckweed is reemerging as a platform to study plant processes at the systems level and to translate knowledge gained for field deployment to address some of society's pressing needs. This review details the anatomy, development, physiology, and molecular characteristics of the Lemnaceae to introduce them to the broader plant research community. We highlight recent research enabled by Lemnaceae to demonstrate how these plants can be used for quantitative studies of complex processes and for revealing potentially novel strategies in plant defense and genome maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Acosta
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Klaus J Appenroth
- Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, University of Jena, Jena 07737, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany
| | - Marvin Edelman
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Uwe Heinig
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
| | - Tokitaka Oyama
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Buntora Pasaribu
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ingo Schubert
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben D-06466, Germany
| | - Shawn Sorrels
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - K Sowjanya Sree
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye 671320, India
| | - Shuqing Xu
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | | | - Eric Lam
- Author for correspondence: (E.L.), (T.P.M.)
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Nutrient effects on aquatic litter decomposition of free-floating plants are species dependent. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractBoth non-rooted submerged vegetation dominated by coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) and non-rooted floating duckweed vegetation (Lemna gibba) can maintain their stable dominance in small ponds and channels. We examined the competitive interactions between them and how Ceratophyllum can sustain its stable state against floating plants in a range of nutrient concentrations. Coontail and duckweed were co-cultured in static and semi-static microcosm experiments, and their impact on the nutrients (N, P, Fe, Mn) in the water column was analysed. Coontail strongly reduced the growth of duckweed under a low nitrogen level (0.2–2 mg N L−1). This reduction seems to be due to the low availability of nutrients in the water as derived from the lower nutrient concentrations in duckweed tissue or high pH in water. High nitrogen levels in semi-static media (5–10 mg N L−1) resulted in an increasingly higher chance to overgrow C. demersum by L. gibba. Field observations revealed that C. demersum dominated over L. gibba in water bodies with total N below 3 mg L−1, while L. gibba dominance over C. demersum occurred above 5 mg L−1 total N. Ceratophyllum occurrence correlated negatively with total N in the water, while Lemna showed a positive correlation. Furthermore, the occurrence of L. gibba was negatively correlated with the frequency of C. demersum. All findings together support the theory that under a certain nutrient range, rootless submerged macrophytes have a strong potential to inhibit the dominance of floating plants in ponds, ditches and channels, and thus, they stabilize the submerged vegetation state.
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Szabó S, Peeters ETHM, Borics G, Veres S, Nagy PT, Lukács BA. The Ecophysiological Response of Two Invasive Submerged Plants to Light and Nitrogen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1747. [PMID: 32117336 PMCID: PMC7019179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two submerged Elodea species have small differences in their ecophysiological responses when exposed to individual environmental factors. However, field observations showed that under eutrophic conditions with low light availability, Elodea canadensis could be displaced by Elodea nuttallii. Here we investigated the combined effect of environmental factors on the ecophysiological response of the two species in order to explain the differences in their invasion successes. We cultivated the plants in aquaria containing five different nitrogen (N) concentrations and incubated at five different light intensities. For both species increasing nitrogen concentrations resulted in increased relative growth rate, chlorophyll concentration, and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), however, they produced less roots. Lowering light intensity resulted in a lower relative growth rate, root production, and nutrient removal. In contrast, chlorophyll concentration in the leaves, and ΦPSII increased. The main difference between the two Elodea species was that the light compensation point (I c) and weight loss in the dark were significantly higher and photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll concentration were significantly lower for E. canadensis than for E. nuttallii, indicating that the latter can survive under much more shady and hypertrophic conditions. The change in nitrogen concentration of the media and in tissue concentration of the plants indicated that E. nuttallii has a higher nitrogen removal capacity. The ecophysiological differences between the two species can be an explanation for invasion success of E. nuttallii over E. canadensis and thus may explain why the latter is replaced by the first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Szabó
- Department of Biology, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Borics
- Department of Tisza River Research, Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veres
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Tamás Nagy
- Institute of Water and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs András Lukács
- Wetland Ecology Research Group, Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Debrecen, Hungary
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Zhang YL, Li HB, Xu L, Pan X, Li WB, Liu J, Jiang YP, Song YB, Dong M. Pond-bottom decomposition of leaf litters canopied by free-floating vegetation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8248-8256. [PMID: 30701469 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In wetland ecosystems, vegetation can float freely on water surface, forming dense canopy which may play important ecological roles. This is especially true in many urban wetlands in which fluidity is low and nutrient level is high. So far, effects of free-floating vegetation on abiotic and biotic factors of wetlands have been known, while little on wetland ecosystem functions such as litter decomposition. To examine whether the canopy of free-floating vegetation on water surface will influence litter decomposition in wetlands or not, we conducted a 50-day in situ decomposition experiment in a subtropical urban pond wetland, in which litter bags of nine combinations of three mesh sizes and three litter species were put on the bottoms of total 22 ponds which were half with and half without free-floating vegetation canopy on the water surface. The ponds with and without the canopy had different water physicochemical properties. Overall, the canopy, the species identity, and the mesh size significantly decelerated mass loss and carbon loss of leaf litters while slightly on nitrogen loss. Effects of the canopy on leaf litter decomposition also showed species- and mesh size-dependent. Our results suggest that free-floating vegetation on water surface can alter water environmental factors and consequently change ecosystem functioning in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Pan
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue-Ping Jiang
- Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park Research Centre for Ecological Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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8
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Szabó S, Peeters ETHM, Várbíró G, Borics G, Lukács BA. Phenotypic plasticity as a clue for invasion success of the submerged aquatic plant Elodea nuttallii. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:54-63. [PMID: 30253010 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two closely related alien submerged aquatic plants were introduced into Europe. The new invader (Elodea nuttallii) gradually displaced E. canadensis even at sites where the latter was well established. The aim of the study was to evaluate the combined effects of environmental factors on several phenotypic characteristics of the two Elodea species, and to relate these phenotypic characteristics to the invasion success of E. nuttallii over E. canadensis. In a factorial design, Elodea plants were grown in aquaria containing five different nitrogen concentrations and incubated at five different light intensities. We used six functional traits (apical shoot RGR), total shoot RGR, relative elongation, root length, lateral spread, branching degree) to measure the environmental response of the species. We calculated plasticity indices to express the phenotypic differences between species. Light and nitrogen jointly triggered the development of phenotypic characteristics that make E. nuttallii a more successful invader in eutrophic waters than E. canadensis. The stronger invader showed a wider range of phenotypic plasticity. The apical elongation was the main difference between the two species, with E. nuttallii being more than two times longer than E. canadensis. E. canadensis formed dense side shoots even under high shade and low nitrogen levels, whereas E. nuttallii required higher light and nitrogen levels. We found that under more eutrophic conditions, E. nuttallii reach the water surface sooner than E. canadensis and through intensive branching outcompetes all other plants including E. canadensis. Our findings support the theory that more successful invaders have wider phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Szabó
- Department of Biology, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - E T H M Peeters
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Várbíró
- Department of Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research DRI, Debrecen, Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
| | - G Borics
- Department of Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research DRI, Debrecen, Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
| | - B A Lukács
- Department of Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research DRI, Debrecen, Hungary
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Velthuis M, Kosten S, Aben R, Kazanjian G, Hilt S, Peeters ETHM, van Donk E, Bakker ES. Warming enhances sedimentation and decomposition of organic carbon in shallow macrophyte-dominated systems with zero net effect on carbon burial. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5231-5242. [PMID: 30120802 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperatures have been rising throughout recent decades and are predicted to rise further in the coming century. Global warming affects carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems, which both emit and bury substantial amounts of carbon on a global scale. Currently, most studies focus on the effect of warming on overall carbon emissions from freshwater ecosystems, while net effects on carbon budgets may strongly depend on burial in sediments. Here, we tested whether year-round warming increases the production, sedimentation, or decomposition of particulate organic carbon and eventually alters the carbon burial in a typical shallow freshwater system. We performed an indoor experiment in eight mesocosms dominated by the common submerged aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum testing two temperature treatments: a temperate seasonal temperature control and a warmed (+4°C) treatment (n = 4). During a full experimental year, the carbon stock in plant biomass, dissolved organic carbon in the water column, sedimented organic matter, and decomposition of plant detritus were measured. Our results showed that year-round warming nearly doubled the final carbon stock in plant biomass from 6.9 ± 1.1 g C in the control treatment to 12.8 ± 0.6 g C (mean ± SE), mainly due to a prolonged growing season in autumn. DOC concentrations did not differ between the treatments, but organic carbon sedimentation increased by 60% from 96 ± 9.6 to 152 ± 16 g C m-2 yaer-1 (mean ± SE) from control to warm treatments. Enhanced decomposition of plant detritus in the warm treatment, however, compensated for the increased sedimentation. As a result, net carbon burial was 40 ± 5.7 g C m-2 year-1 in both temperature treatments when fluxes were combined into a carbon budget model. These results indicate that warming can increase the turnover of organic carbon in shallow macrophyte-dominated systems, while not necessarily affecting net carbon burial on a system scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Velthuis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Aben
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Garabet Kazanjian
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth S Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Onandia G, Lischeid G, Kalettka T, Kleeberg A, Omari M, Premke K, Arhonditsis GB. Biogeochemistry of natural ponds in agricultural landscape: Lessons learned from modeling a kettle hole in Northeast Germany. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1615-1630. [PMID: 29710657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kettle holes, small shallow ponds of glacial origin, represent hotspots for biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling. They abound in the young moraine landscape of Northeast Germany, potentially modulating element fluxes in a region where intensive agriculture prevails. The Rittgarten kettle hole, with semi-permanent hydroperiod and a surrounding reed belt, can be considered as a representative case study for such systems. Aiming to provide insights into the biogeochemical processes driving nutrient and primary producer dynamics in the Rittgarten kettle hole, we developed a mechanistic model that simulates the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen, phytoplankton, and free-floating macrophyte biomass dynamics. After model calibration and sensitivity analysis, our modeling exercise quantified the simulated nutrient fluxes associated with all the major biogeochemical processes considered by the model. Seasonality of nutrient concentrations, magnitude of primary productivity rates, and biogeochemical process characterization in the pond were reasonably reproduced by the model from July 2013 to July 2014. Our results suggest that the establishment of a phytoplankton community well-adapted to low light availability, together with the differential use of N and P from free-floating macrophytes and phytoplankton can explain their coexistence in kettle holes. Sediment nutrient release along with decomposition of decaying submerged macrophyte are essential drivers of internal nutrient cycling in kettle holes. Our results also suggest that the Rittgarten kettle hole act as a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere on an annual scale, which offers a testable hypothesis for kettle holes with structural and functional similarities. We conclude by discussing the need to shed light on the effects of water level fluctuations on nutrient dynamics and biological succession patterns, as well as the relative importance of external sources and internal nutrient recycling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Onandia
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Lischeid
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalettka
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kleeberg
- Department Geology, Soil, Waste, State Laboratory Berlin-Brandenburg, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Mohamed Omari
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany; Computational Systems Biology Group, Zuse-Institut Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Premke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - George B Arhonditsis
- Ecological Modeling Laboratory, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Paolacci S, Jansen MAK, Harrison S. Competition Between Lemna minuta, Lemna minor, and Azolla filiculoides. Growing Fast or Being Steadfast? Front Chem 2018; 6:207. [PMID: 29963546 PMCID: PMC6010541 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of Lemnaceae are invasive outside their natural distribution area. Lemna minuta is considered invasive in several European countries, where it can occur in the same habitat as invasive Azolla filiculoides and native Lemna minor. In this study the presence, abundance and growth rates of all three species were monitored across 24 natural ponds and in a series of mesocosms in order to explore the importance of species invasiveness and habitat invisibility. Field monitoring showed that the distribution of the three species of macrophytes is heterogeneous in space and time. However, the data show no association of nutrient or light levels with plant distribution. Indeed, using reciprocal transplanting experiments it was demonstrated that all species are able to grow in all ponds, even ponds where the species do not naturally occur. It is concluded that distribution of L. minor, L. minuta, and A. filiculoides is not limited by the prevailing physicochemical characteristics of the ponds during the summer period. Remarkably, in these experiments A. filiculoides displayed the highest RGR, and exerted a negative influence on growth rates and surface cover of L. minor and L. minuta. Despite such apparent invasiveness, A. filiculoides was relatively rare in the study area. Rather, the species most abundant was L. minor which has the lowest RGR under field conditions in summer. Therefore, this study shows that the invasiveness of the species during the summer months is not necessarily reflected in the actual distribution pattern in natural ponds. In fact, alien L. minuta and A. filiculoides are under-represented in the monitored area. It is concluded that the interaction of several factors, including growth under winter-conditions and/or dispersal after disturbances, is the major determinant of the abundance and heterogeneous distribution of L. minor, L. minuta, and A. filiculoides in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Paolacci
- Enterprise Center Distillery Field, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel A. K. Jansen
- Enterprise Center Distillery Field, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Harrison
- Enterprise Center Distillery Field, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
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12
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Gillard M, Grewell BJ, Futrell CJ, Deleu C, Thiébaut G. Germination and Seedling Growth of Water Primroses: A Cross Experiment between Two Invaded Ranges with Contrasting Climates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1677. [PMID: 29018472 PMCID: PMC5623178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are vulnerable to biological invasions, and will also be strongly impacted by climate change, including temperature increase. Understanding the colonization dynamics of aquatic invasive plant species is of high importance for preservation of native biodiversity. Many aquatic invasive plants rely on clonal reproduction to spread, but mixed reproductive modes are common. Under future climate changes, these species may favor a sexual reproductive mode. The aim of this study was to test the germination capacity and the seedling growth of two water primrose species, Ludwigia hexapetala and Ludwigia peploides, both invasive in Europe and in the United States. We performed a reciprocal transplant of seeds of L. hexapetala and L. peploides from two invasive ranges into experimental gardens characterized by Oceanic and Mediterranean-type climates. Our results showed that higher temperatures increased or maintained germination percentages and velocity, decreased survivorship of germinants, but increased their production of biomass. The origin of the seeds had low impact on L. hexapetala responses to temperature, but greatly influenced those of L. peploides. The invasiveness of water primroses in ranges with Oceanic climates might increase with temperature. The recruitment from seed banks by these species should be considered by managers to improve the conservation of native aquatic and wetland plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Gillard
- ECOBIO, UMR 6553 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Brenda J. Grewell
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Caryn J. Futrell
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carole Deleu
- IGEPP, UMR 1349 INRA, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
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Kosten S, Piñeiro M, de Goede E, de Klein J, Lamers LPM, Ettwig K. Fate of methane in aquatic systems dominated by free-floating plants. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 104:200-207. [PMID: 27525583 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide the area of free-floating plants is increasing, which can be expected to alter methane (CH4) emissions from aquatic systems in several ways. A large proportion of the CH4 produced may become oxidized below the plants due to the accumulation of CH4 as a result of a decrease in the diffusive water-atmosphere flux and the entrapment of part of the ebullitive CH4, in combination with suitable conditions for methane oxidizing (MOX) bacteria in the aerobic rhizosphere. We used a set of essays to test this hypothesis and to explore the effect of different densities for three widespread free-floating species: Azolla filiculoides, Salvinia natans, and Eichhornia crassipes. The gas exchange velocity, proportion of CH4 bubbles trapped by the plants, occurrence of radial oxygen loss from roots, and MOX rates on the roots were assessed. We subsequently used the outcome of these experiments to parameterize a simple model. With this model we estimated the proportion of the produced CH4 that is oxidized, for different plant species and different densities. We found that in a shallow (1 m) system up to 70% of the CH4 produced may become oxidized as a result of a strong decrease in gas exchange combined with high MOX activity of the rhizosphere microbiome. As floating plants also are likely to increase CH4 production by organic matter production, especially when their presence induces anaerobic conditions, the overall effect on CH4 emission will strongly depend on local conditions. This explains the contrasting effects of floating plants on CH4 emissions in literature as reviewed here. As the effect of floating plants on CH4 emissions, including the high MOX rates we show here, can be substantial, there is an urgent need to consider this impact when assessing greenhouse gas budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcia Piñeiro
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje de Goede
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Klein
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Ettwig
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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McCann MJ. Evidence of alternative states in freshwater lakes: A spatially-explicit model of submerged and floating plants. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Peeters ETHM, Neefjes REM, van Zuidam BG. Competition between Free-Floating Plants Is Strongly Driven by Previously Experienced Phosphorus Concentrations in the Water Column. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162780. [PMID: 27622519 PMCID: PMC5021290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients can determine the outcome of the competition between different floating plant species. The response of floating plants to current phosphorus levels may be affected by previously experienced phosphorus concentrations because some species have the ability to store excess phosphorus for later use. This might have an impact on their competition. Here, we investigate the effect of previous and actual phosphorus concentrations on the growth rate of free-floating plant species (Azolla filiculoides, Lemna minor/gibba and Ricciocarpus natans)and the effect of phosphorus history on the competition between L. minor/gibba and A. filiculoides and between L. minor/gibba and R. natans. As expected, plant growth was lower when previously kept at low instead of high phosphorus concentrations. Growth of L. minor/gibba and A. filiculoides with a phosphorus rich history was comparable for low and high actual phosphorus concentrations, however, internal phosphorus concentrations were significantly lower with low actual phosphorus concentration. This indicates that both species perform luxury phosphorus uptake. Furthermore, internal P concentration in Azolla and Lemna increased within two weeks after a period of P deficit without a strong increase in growth. A. filiculoides in a mixture with L. minor/gibba grew faster than its monoculture. Morphological differences may explain why A. filiculoides outcompeted L. minor/gibba and these differences may be induced by phosphorus concentrations in the past. Growth of L. minor/gibba was only reduced by the presence of A. filiculoides with a high phosphorus history. Growth of L. minor/gibba and R. natans in mixtures was positively affected only when they had a high phosphorus history themselves and their competitor a low phosphorus history. These observations clearly indicate that phosphorus history of competing plants is important for understanding the outcome of the competition. Therefore, actual and previously experienced phosphorus concentrations should be taken into account in future studies dealing with competition between plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin T. H. M. Peeters
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Rozemarijn E. M. Neefjes
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan G. van Zuidam
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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McCann MJ. Response diversity of free-floating plants to nutrient stoichiometry and temperature: growth and resting body formation. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1781. [PMID: 26989619 PMCID: PMC4793347 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-floating plants, like most groups of aquatic primary producers, can become nuisance vegetation under certain conditions. On the other hand, there is substantial optimism for the applied uses of free-floating plants, such as wastewater treatment, biofuel production, and aquaculture. Therefore, understanding the species-specific responses of floating plants to abiotic conditions will inform both management decisions and the beneficial applications of these plants. I measured the responses of three floating plant species common in the northeast United States (Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, and Wolffia brasiliensis) to nutrient stoichiometry (nitrogen and phosphorus) and temperature in the laboratory. I also used survey data to determine the pattern of species richness of floating plants in the field and its relationship with the dominance of this group. Floating plant species exhibited unique responses to nutrient stoichiometry and temperature in the laboratory, especially under low temperatures (18 °C) and low nutrient conditions (0.5 mg N L−1, 0.083 mg P L−1). The three species displayed an apparent tradeoff with different strategies of growth or dormancy. In the field, water bodies with three or more species of floating plants were not more frequently dominated by this group. The response diversity observed in the lab may not be associated with the dominance of this group in the field because it is masked by environmental variability, has a weak effect, or is only important during transient circumstances. Future research to develop applied uses of floating plants should examine response diversity across a greater range of species or clones and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McCann
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ , United States
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18
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van Zuidam JP, Peeters ET. Occurrence of macrophyte monocultures in drainage ditches relates to phosphorus in both sediment and water. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:564. [PMID: 24255858 PMCID: PMC3825067 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Monocultures of functional equivalent species often negatively affect nutrient cycling and overall biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. The importance of water and sediment nutrients for the occurrence of monocultures was analysed using field data from drainage ditches. Ranges of nutrients were identified that best explained the occurrence of monocultures of Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John (Waterweed type), monocultures of duckweed (Duckweed type) and the occurrence of a diverse submerged vegetation (Mixed type). Results indicated these three vegetation types occurred at distinctive ranges of phosphorus in water and sediment. Sediment phosphorus distinguished monocultures from the Mixed type, with the two monocultures occurring at two to four times higher concentrations. The Waterweed type occurred at higher sediment phosphorus levels than the mixed type, showed a higher degree of dominance and lower number of red list species. Phosphorus concentrations in water were four to six times higher in the Duckweed type compared to the Waterweed and Mixed type. The three vegetation types had comparable total biomass which was unexpected. This comparability was likely caused by duckweed only growing at the water surface at the highest nutrient levels and the limited space in drainage ditches for increased submerged biomass development at high nutrient availability. Possible measures to limit the occurrence of monocultures, and thereby increasing the ecological quality, are discussed with focus on lowering phosphorus concentrations in both water and sediment and on removal of plant species that develop into monocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P van Zuidam
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.058, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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