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Knauer A, Naef C, Albrecht M. Pesticide hazard, floral resource availability and natural enemies interactively drive the fitness of bee species depending on their crop fidelity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171058. [PMID: 38378056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anina Knauer
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Carmen Naef
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
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Misiewicz A, Mikołajczyk Ł, Bednarska AJ. Floral resources,energetic value and pesticide residues in provisions collected by Osmia bicornis along a gradient of oilseed rape coverage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13372. [PMID: 37591888 PMCID: PMC10435552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollinators in agricultural landscapes are facing global decline and the main pressures include food scarcity and pesticide usage. Intensive agricultural landscapes may provide important food resources for wild pollinators via mass flowering crops. However, these are monofloral, short-term, and may contain pesticide residues. We explored how the landscape composition with a different proportion of oilseed rape (6-65%) around Osmia bicornis nests affects floral diversity, contamination with pesticides, and energetic value of provisions collected by this species of wild bees as food for their offspring. Altogether, the bees collected pollen from 28 plant taxa (6-15 per nest) and provisions were dominated by Brassica napus (6.0-54.2%, median 44.4%, 12 nests), Quercus sp. (1.2-19.4%, median 5.2%, 12 nests), Ranunculus sp. (0.4-42.7%, median 4.7%, 12 nests), Poaceae (1.2-59.9%, median 5.8%, 11 nests) and Acer sp. (0.6-42%, median 18.0%, 8 nests). Residues of 12 pesticides were found in provisions, with acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, boscalid, and dimethoate being the most frequently detected at concentrations up to 1.2, 198.4, 16.9 and 17.8 ng/g (median 0.3, 10.6, 11.3, 4.4 ng/g), respectively. Floral diversity and energetic value of provisions, but not the Pesticide Risk Index depended on landscape structure. Moreover, pollen diversity decreased, and energetic value increased with landscape diversity. Thus, even a structurally simple landscape may provide diverse food for O. bicornis if the nest is located close to a single but resource-diverse patch. Both B. napus and non-crop pollen were correlated with pesticide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Misiewicz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Ulyshen M, Urban-Mead KR, Dorey JB, Rivers JW. Forests are critically important to global pollinator diversity and enhance pollination in adjacent crops. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1118-1141. [PMID: 36879466 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of natural habitats to pollinator diversity is widely recognized, the value of forests to pollinating insects has been largely overlooked in many parts of the world. In this review, we (i) establish the importance of forests to global pollinator diversity, (ii) explore the relationship between forest cover and pollinator diversity in mixed-use landscapes, and (iii) highlight the contributions of forest-associated pollinators to pollination in adjacent crops. The literature shows unambiguously that native forests support a large number of forest-dependent species and are thus critically important to global pollinator diversity. Many pollinator taxa require or benefit greatly from resources that are restricted to forests, such as floral resources provided by forest plants (including wind-pollinated trees), dead wood for nesting, tree resins, and various non-floral sugar sources (e.g. honeydew). Although landscape-scale studies generally support the conclusion that forests enhance pollinator diversity, findings are often complicated by spatial scale, focal taxa, landscape context, temporal context, forest type, disturbance history, and external stressors. While some forest loss can be beneficial to pollinators by enhancing habitat complementarity, too much can result in the near-elimination of forest-associated species. There is strong evidence from studies of multiple crop types that forest cover can substantially increase yields in adjacent habitats, at least within the foraging ranges of the pollinators involved. The literature also suggests that forests may have enhanced importance to pollinators in the future given their role in mitigating the negative effects of pesticides and climate change. Many questions remain about the amount and configuration of forest cover required to promote the diversity of forest-associated pollinators and their services within forests and in neighbouring habitats. However, it is clear from the current body of knowledge that any effort to preserve native woody habitats, including the protection of individual trees, will benefit pollinating insects and help maintain the critical services they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Katherine R Urban-Mead
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 129 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Columbus, NJ, 08022, USA
| | - James B Dorey
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - James W Rivers
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Xue Z, Peng T, Liu B, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wyckhuys KAG, Wang P, Lu Y. Licorice strips enhance predator-mediated biological control in China's cotton crop. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:781-791. [PMID: 36259379 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitat management such as field- or farm-level diversification can conserve arthropod natural enemies, enhance biological pest control and lower (or suspend) insecticide use in agricultural crops. These approaches however have been underexploited to manage the aphid Aphis gossypii in cotton cropping systems of Xinjiang, China. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) at the field edge benefits generalist predator abundance and aphid biological control in local cotton crops. RESULTS Field trials during 2020 and 2021 showed that licorice strips enhanced the in-field abundance of generalist predators (primarily ladybeetles) 2.2-4.3 fold during early season, i.e. initial growth before A. gossypii peak infestation pressure. During peak outbreak conditions in July, treatment fields with licorice strips experienced a respective 17.5-61.2% lowered aphid density and 12.3-14.6-fold higher predator-to-aphid abundance ratio (PAR) than control fields. In late season (aphid decline phase) of either year, cotton fields with licorice strips also attained a respective 4.7-9.9 fold higher PAR. Exclusion cage assays quantitatively assessed predator-mediated A. gossypii biological control and the relative contribution of licorice strips. The biocontrol services index (BSI) was 2.8 times (2020) and 1.4 times (2021) higher at 5 m distances from the licorice strip as compared to control fields. CONCLUSION Licorice strips in the immediate vicinity of cotton fields benefit generalist arthropod predators and improve aphid biological control throughout the cotton cropping season. These findings help to integrate habitat management within integrated pest management (IPM) frameworks in the biggest cotton production region of China. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxuan Xue
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tianxiang Peng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangtian Liu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Kris A G Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiling Wang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Eckerter T, Braunisch V, Buse J, Klein AM. Open forest successional stages and landscape heterogeneity promote wild bee diversity in temperate forests. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Eckerter
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Veronika Braunisch
- Forest Nature Conservation Forest Research Institute of Baden‐Wuerttemberg FVA Freiburg Germany
- Conservation Biology Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Jörn Buse
- Department of Ecological Monitoring Research and Species Conservation, Black Forest National Park Freudenstadt Germany
| | - Alexandra M. Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
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Jachuła J, Denisow B, Wrzesień M, Ziółkowska E. The need for weeds: Man-made, non-cropped habitats complement crops and natural habitats in providing honey bees and bumble bees with pollen resources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156551. [PMID: 35688241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, honey bees and bumble bees are among the most important pollinators, and there is a growing interest in understanding the effects of floral resource availability on their survival. Yet, to date, data on nectar and pollen supplies available to bees in agricultural landscapes are still scarce. In this paper, we quantify species-, habitat- and landscape-scale pollen production in the Lublin Upland, SE Poland. The production per unit area was highest (mean = 2.2-2.6 g/m2) in non-forest woody vegetation, field margins and fallows, whilst significantly lower pollen amounts were shown to be available in road verges and railway embankments (mean = 1.3-1.6 g/m2). At landscape scale, natural and semi-natural areas (forests and meadows/pastures) offered ca. 44% of the total pollen resources during the year. Relatively high amounts of pollen (ca. 35% of the year-round total pollen resources) were from winter rape, but this resource was short-term. Man-made, non-cropped habitats added only ca. 18% of the total pollen mass offered for pollinators during flowering season. However, they provided 66-99% of pollen resources available from July to October. There exists an imbalance in the availability of pollen resources throughout the year. Hence, a diversity of natural, semi-natural and man-made, non-cropped areas is required to support the seasonal continuity of pollen resources for pollinators in an agricultural landscape. Efforts should be made to secure habitat heterogeneity to enhance the flower diversity and continual pollen availability for pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Jachuła
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Subdepartment of Plant Biology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Bożena Denisow
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Subdepartment of Plant Biology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wrzesień
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Ziółkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Katumo DM, Liang H, Ochola AC, Lv M, Wang QF, Yang CF. Pollinator diversity benefits natural and agricultural ecosystems, environmental health, and human welfare. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:429-435. [PMID: 36187551 PMCID: PMC9512639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss during the Anthropocene is a serious ecological challenge. Pollinators are important vectors that provide multiple essential ecosystem services but are declining rapidly in this changing world. However, several studies have argued that a high abundance of managed bee pollinators, such as honeybees (Apis mellifera), may be sufficient to provide pollination services for crop productivity, and sociological studies indicate that the majority of farmers worldwide do not recognize the contribution of wild pollinator diversity to agricultural yield. Here, we review the importance of pollinator diversity in natural and agricultural ecosystems that may be thwarted by the increase in abundance of managed pollinators such as honeybees. We also emphasize the additional roles diverse pollinator communities play in environmental safety, culture, and aesthetics. Research indicates that in natural ecosystems, pollinator diversity enhances pollination during environmental and climatic perturbations, thus alleviating pollen limitation. In agricultural ecosystems, pollinator diversity increases the quality and quantity of crop yield. Furthermore, studies indicate that many pollinator groups are useful in monitoring environmental pollution, aid in pest and disease control, and provide cultural and aesthetic value. During the uncertainties that may accompany rapid environmental changes in the Anthropocene, the conservation of pollinator diversity must expand beyond bee conservation. Similarly, the value of pollinator diversity maintenance extends beyond the provision of pollination services. Accordingly, conservation of pollinator diversity requires an interdisciplinary approach with contributions from environmentalists, taxonomists, and social scientists, including artists, who can shape opinions and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mutavi Katumo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Anne Christine Ochola
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun-Feng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Floral resource distribution and fitness consequences for two solitary bee species in agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Eckerter PW, Albrecht M, Bertrand C, Gobet E, Herzog F, Pfister SC, Tinner W, Entling MH. Effects of temporal floral resource availability and non-crop habitats on broad bean pollination. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2022; 37:1573-1586. [PMID: 35611158 PMCID: PMC9122849 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Flowering plants can enhance wild insect populations and their pollination services to crops in agricultural landscapes, especially when they flower before the focal crop. However, characterizing the temporal availability of specific floral resources is a challenge. OBJECTIVES Developing an index for the availability of floral resources at the landscape scale according to the specific use by a pollinator. Investigating whether detailed and temporally-resolved floral resource maps predict pollination success of broad bean better than land cover maps. METHODS We mapped plant species used as pollen source by bumblebees in 24 agricultural landscapes and developed an index of floral resource availability for different times of the flowering season. To measure pollination success, patches of broad bean (Vicia faba), a plant typically pollinated by bumblebees, were exposed in the center of selected landscapes. RESULTS Higher floral resource availability before bean flowering led to enhanced seed set. Floral resource availability synchronous to broad bean flowering had no effect. Seed set was somewhat better explained by land cover maps than by floral resource availability, increasing with urban area and declining with the cover of arable land. CONCLUSIONS The timing of alternative floral resource availability is important for crop pollination. The higher explanation of pollination success by land cover maps than by floral resource availability indicates that additional factors such as habitat disturbance and nesting sites play a role in pollination. Enhancing non-crop woody plants in agricultural landscapes as pollen sources may ensure higher levels of crop pollination by wild pollinators such as bumblebees. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W. Eckerter
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
| | - Erika Gobet
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja C. Pfister
- Institute for Agroecology and Biodiversity (IFAB), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Willy Tinner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin H. Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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10
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Abstract
The identification of floral visitation by pollinators provides an opportunity to improve our understanding of the fine-scale ecological interactions between plants and pollinators, contributing to biodiversity conservation and promoting ecosystem health. In this review, we outline the various methods which can be used to identify floral visitation, including plant-focused and insect-focused methods. We reviewed the literature covering the ways in which DNA metabarcoding has been used to answer ecological questions relating to plant use by pollinators and discuss the findings of this research. We present detailed methodological considerations for each step of the metabarcoding workflow, from sampling through to amplification, and finally bioinformatic analysis. Detailed guidance is provided to researchers for utilisation of these techniques, emphasising the importance of standardisation of methods and improving the reliability of results. Future opportunities and directions of using molecular methods to analyse plant–pollinator interactions are then discussed.
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Bednarska AJ, Mikołajczyk Ł, Ziółkowska E, Kocjan K, Wnęk A, Mokkapati JS, Teper D, Kaczyński P, Łozowicka B, Śliwińska R, Laskowski R. Effects of agricultural landscape structure, insecticide residues, and pollen diversity on the life-history traits of the red mason bee Osmia bicornis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151142. [PMID: 34688758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural landscapes have changed substantially in recent decades, shifting from the dominance of small fields (S) with diverse cropping systems toward large-scale monoculture (L), where landscape heterogeneity disappears. In this study, artificial nests of the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis, were placed in S and L landscape types on the perimeter of oilseed rape fields representing different oilseed rape coverages (ORC, % land cover). The local landscape structure around each nest was characterised within a 100, 200, 500, and 1000 m radius using ORC and 14 landscape characteristics, which were then reduced by non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) to two axes: nMDS1 characterised the dataset primarily according to land fragmentation and the main crop, whereas nMDS2 captured the prevalence of more natural areas in the landscape. Pollen diversity and insecticide risk levels in the pollen provisions collected by the bees were analysed, and their dependence on the landscape structure was tested. Thereafter, the effects of pollen diversity, insecticide risk, and landscape structure on the life-history traits of bees and their sensitivity to topically applied Dursban 480 EC were determined. Pollen taxa richness in a single nest ranged from 3 to 12, and 34 pesticides were detected in the pollen at concentrations of up to 320 ng/g for desmedipham. The O. bicornis foraging range was relatively large, indicating that the landscape structure within a radius of ~1000 m around the nest is important for this species. Pollen diversity in the studied areas was of minor importance for bee performance, but the ORC or landscape structure significantly affected the life-history traits of the bees. Contamination of pollen with insecticides affected the bees by decreasing the mass of newly emerged adults but their sensitivity to Dursban 480 EC was not related to environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ziółkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Kocjan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wnęk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jaya Sravanthi Mokkapati
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Teper
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Apiculture Division, Kazimierska 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Renata Śliwińska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Ochungo P, Veldtman R, Abdel-Rahman EM, Muli E, Ng'ang'a J, Tonnang HEZ, Landmann T. Fragmented landscapes affect honey bee colony strength at diverse spatial scales in agroecological landscapes in Kenya. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e02483. [PMID: 34674336 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landscape fragmentation and habitat loss at multiple scales directly affect species abundance, diversity, and productivity. There is a paucity of information about the effect of the landscape structure and diversity on honey bee colony strength in Africa. Here, we present new insights into the relationship between landscape metrics such as patch size, shape, connectivity, composition, and configuration and honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength characteristics. Remote-sensing-based landscape variables were linked to honey bee colony strength variables in a typical highly fragmented smallholder agroecological region in Kenya. We examined colonies in six sites with varying degrees of land degradation during the period from 2017 to 2018. Landscape structure was first mapped using medium resolution bitemporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery with an optimized random forest model. The influence of the surrounding landscape matrix was then constrained to two buffer distances, i.e., 1 km representing the local foraging scale and 2.5 km representing the wider foraging scale around each investigated apiary and for each of the six sites. The results of zero-inflated negative binomial regression with mixed effects showed that lower complexity of patch geometries represented by fractal dimension and reduced proportions of croplands were most influential at local foraging scales (1 km) from the apiary. In addition, higher proportions of woody vegetation and hedges resulted in higher colony strength at longer distances from the apiary (2.5 km). Honey bees in moderately degraded landscapes demonstrated the most consistently strong colonies throughout the study period. Efforts towards improving beekeeper livelihoods, through higher hive productivity, should target moderately degraded and heterogeneous landscapes, which provide forage from diverse land covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ochungo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa
| | - Ruan Veldtman
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa
| | - Elfatih M Abdel-Rahman
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elliud Muli
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - James Ng'ang'a
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Henry E Z Tonnang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tobias Landmann
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Remote Sensing Solutions (RSS) GmBH, Isarstrasse 3, Baierbrunn, 82065, Germany
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Ramos SE, Rzodkiewicz LD, Turcotte MM, Ashman TL. Damage and recovery from drift of synthetic-auxin herbicide dicamba depends on concentration and varies among floral, vegetative, and lifetime traits in rapid cycling Brassica rapa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149732. [PMID: 34438156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides can drift from intended plants onto non-target species. It remains unclear how drift impacts plant functional traits that are important for fitness. To address this gap, we conducted an experiment where fast cycling Brassica rapa plants were exposed to one of three drift concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 10%) of synthetic-auxin dicamba. We evaluated damage to and capacity of floral and vegetative traits to recover as well as lifetime fitness by comparing treated plants to controls. Response to dicamba exposure was concentration-dependent across all traits but varied with trait type. At 0.5% dicamba, three out of five floral traits were affected, while at 1% dicamba, four floral traits and one out of two vegetative traits were negatively impacted. At 10% dicamba all floral and vegetative traits were stunted. Overall, floral traits were more responsive to all dicamba drift concentrations than vegetative traits and displayed a wide range of variation ranging from no response (e.g., pistil length) to up to 84% reduction (ovule number). However, despite floral traits were more affected across the dicamba drift concentrations they were also more likely to recover than the vegetative traits. There was also variation among lifetime traits; the onset of flowering was delayed, and reproductive fitness was negatively affected in a concentration-dependent manner, but the final biomass and total flower production were not affected. Altogether, we show substantial variation across plant traits in their response to dicamba and conclude that accounting for this variation is essential to understand the full impact of herbicide drift on plants and the ecological interactions these traits mediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Ramos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Lacey D Rzodkiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Martin M Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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14
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Mola JM, Hemberger J, Kochanski J, Richardson LL, Pearse IS. The Importance of Forests in Bumble Bee Biology and Conservation. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Declines of many bumble bee species have raised concerns because of their importance as pollinators and potential harbingers of declines among other insect taxa. At present, bumble bee conservation is predominantly focused on midsummer flower restoration in open habitats. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that forests may play an important role in bumble bee life history. Compared with open habitats, forests and woody edges provide food resources during phenologically distinct periods, are often preferred nesting and overwintering habitats, and can offer favorable abiotic conditions in a changing climate. Future research efforts are needed in order to anticipate how ongoing changes in forests, such as overbrowsing by deer, plant invasions, and shifting canopy demographics, affect the suitability of these habitats for bumble bees. Forested habitats are increasingly appreciated in the life cycles of many bumble bees, and they deserve greater attention from those who wish to understand bumble bee populations and aid in their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Mola
- Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Jeremy Hemberger
- University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Jade Kochanski
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Leif L Richardson
- Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Ian S Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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15
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Ammann L, Bosem-Baillod A, Eckerter PW, Entling MH, Albrecht M, Herzog F. Comparing floral resource maps and land cover maps to predict predators and aphid suppression on field bean. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2021; 37:431-441. [PMID: 35221524 PMCID: PMC8841323 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-021-01361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Predatory insects contribute to the natural control of agricultural pests, but also use plant pollen or nectar as supplementary food resources. Resource maps have been proposed as an alternative to land cover maps for prediction of beneficial insects. OBJECTIVES We aimed at predicting the abundance of crop pest predating insects and the pest control service they provide with both, detailed flower resource maps and land cover maps. METHODS We selected 19 landscapes of 500 m radius and mapped them with both approaches. In the centres of the landscapes, aphid predators - hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) - were surveyed in experimentally established faba bean phytometers (Vicia faba L. Var. Sutton Dwarf) and their control of introduced black bean aphids (Aphis fabae Scop.) was recorded. RESULTS Landscapes with higher proportions of forest edge as derived from land cover maps supported higher abundance of aphid predators, and high densities of aphid predators reduced aphid infestation on faba bean. Floral resource maps did not significantly predict predator abundance or aphid control services. CONCLUSIONS Land cover maps allowed to relate landscape composition with predator abundance, showing positive effects of forest edges. Floral resource maps may have failed to better predict predators because other resources such as overwintering sites or alternative prey potentially play a more important role than floral resources. More research is needed to further improve our understanding of resource requirements beyond floral resource estimations and our understanding of their role for aphid predators at the landscape scale. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-021-01361-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Ammann
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aliette Bosem-Baillod
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - Philipp W. Eckerter
- iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau (Pfalz), Germany
| | - Martin H. Entling
- iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau (Pfalz), Germany
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Landscapes with high amounts of mass-flowering fruit crops reduce the reproduction of two solitary bees. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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González E, Bianchi FJJA, Eckerter PW, Pfaff V, Weiler S, Entling MH. Ecological requirements drive the variable responses of wheat pests and natural enemies to the landscape context. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel González
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Philipp W. Eckerter
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Verena Pfaff
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Sarah Weiler
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Martin H. Entling
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
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18
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Mola JM, Richardson LL, Spyreas G, Zaya DN, Pearse IS. Long‐term surveys support declines in early season forest plants used by bumblebees. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Mola
- U.S. Geological SurveyFort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO USA
| | | | - Greg Spyreas
- Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of Illinois Champaign IL USA
| | - David N. Zaya
- Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of Illinois Champaign IL USA
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- U.S. Geological SurveyFort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO USA
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19
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Piko J, Keller A, Geppert C, Batáry P, Tscharntke T, Westphal C, Hass AL. Effects of three flower field types on bumblebees and their pollen diets. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Bong LJ, Wang CY, Shiodera S, Haraguchi TF, Itoh M, Neoh KB. Effect of body lipid content is linked to nutritional adaptation in the acclimation responses of mesic-adapted Paederus to seasonal variations in desiccation stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 131:104226. [PMID: 33736982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation stress causes mesic-adapted arthropods to lose their body water content. However, mesic-adapted Paederus beetles can survive over prolonged periods under dry field conditions, suggesting that these beetles adopt an array of water conservation mechanisms. We investigated the water balance mechanisms of field-collected Paederus adults over a 14-month sampling period. We also assessed their nutritional adaptations by performing a stable isotope analysis to examine their diet. The water loss rate (WLR) of the beetles was significantly associated with the rice crop cycle and saturation deficit. The cuticular permeability (CP) of adult beetles was maintained at < 30 µg cm-2h-1 mmHg-1; however, CP increased significantly with the WLR. This result indicates that CP might play a minor role in reducing excessive water loss in beetles. The beetles' body water content and percentage total body water content increased when the WLR was high. Trehalose, glucose, and glycogen did not appear to play a central role in enhancing the water reserves in the insects. The body lipid content ranged from 0.22 ± 0.06 to 0.87 ± 0.07 mg and was negatively associated with the WLR. This association indicates that the increase in internal metabolic water was mediated by lipid catabolism. Stable isotope analysis results revealed that the Paederus beetles shifted their diet to carbohydrate-rich plants when the saturation deficit increased and the associated WLR reached its peak; otherwise, they consumed a high amount of staple carbohydrate-poor herbivore prey. The accumulation of energy reserves in the form of lipids through seasonal dietary shifts may exert major effects on the survival and population success of mesic-adapted Paederus beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Jin Bong
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd. South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Wang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd. South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Satomi Shiodera
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan; Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi F Haraguchi
- Biodiversity Research Center, Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, 10-4 Koyamotomachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-0088, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shin-zaike, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0092, Japan
| | - Kok-Boon Neoh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd. South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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21
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Yang Q, Men X, Zhao W, Li C, Zhang Q, Cai Z, Ge F, Ouyang F. Flower strips as a bridge habitat facilitate the movement of predatory beetles from wheat to maize crops. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1839-1850. [PMID: 33284488 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalist predators play a key role in the biocontrol of insect pests in agricultural systems. However, predators are subject to frequent mortality events due to periodic disturbance regimes such as crop planting and harvest, which inevitably affect the population development of predators. Conservation of predators in this critical period is important for double-cropping systems such as winter wheat and summer maize, the most widely used cropping system in North China. RESULTS Planting Cnidium monnieri flower strips at field borders could not only serve as a bridge habitat to conserve the dominant predator Propylaea japonica in wheat fields during harvest but also help the predator immigrate to adjacent maize fields. The predator abundance was 7-fold higher on flower strips than that on natural vegetation strips during the wheat postharvest period and before the maize plant emergence for about a month, and its abundance in maize fields planted with flower strips was nearly 2-fold higher than that in maize fields planted with natural vegetation strips. Moreover, 77.56% of predators that entered maize fields were proven to originate from flower strips. CONCLUSION Our findings provided evidence that manipulating flower strips as a bridge habitat in wheat-maize rotation fields could conserve P. japonica during crop phenophase changes, and we quantitatively testified that the proportion of this predator in maize fields derived from flower strips. In practice, such a strategy may also be applied in other double-cropping and triple-cropping systems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenlu Zhao
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Boff S, Scheiner R, Raizer J, Lupi D. Survival rate and changes in foraging performances of solitary bees exposed to a novel insecticide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111869. [PMID: 33450537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solitary bees are among the most important pollinators worldwide however population declines especially in croplands has been noticed. The novel pesticide sulfoxaflor is a competitive modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in insects. While there is evidence of a negative impact of neonicotinoids on bees of several social organization levels, our overall knowledge on the impact of sulfoxaflor on bees is poor. Here we present for the first time a study showing effects of field realistic doses of sulfoxaflor on solitary bees. Bees submitted to long term exposure of field realistic doses of sulfoxaflor (5 µg dm-3, 10 µg dm-3, 50 µg dm-3) and control were observed regarding their survival rate. Moreover, we recorded metrics related to flower visitation and flight performance. We discover that the highest field realistic dose is lethal to Osmia bicornis along five days of exposure. The effect of sulfoxaflor reduces the outcome of foraging, important features for fruit and seed production of cross-pollinated plant species. Bees exposed to pesticide visited flowers mostly walking rather than flying. Flight performance was also impaired by the pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Boff
- Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- Behavioural Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Josué Raizer
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79840-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela Lupi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
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23
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Olsson O, Karlsson M, Persson AS, Smith HG, Varadarajan V, Yourstone J, Stjernman M. Efficient, automated and robust pollen analysis using deep learning. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Olsson
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Melanie Karlsson
- Centre for Environment and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Anna S. Persson
- Centre for Environment and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Centre for Environment and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
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Rivers-Moore J, Andrieu E, Vialatte A, Ouin A. Wooded Semi-Natural Habitats Complement Permanent Grasslands in Supporting Wild Bee Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110812. [PMID: 33218064 PMCID: PMC7698930 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss of semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes negatively affects wild bees. These pollinators are, however, very important in agricultural landscapes as they enable the pollination of crops and wild plants. The aim of this study was thus to understand the respective roles of different wooded and herbaceous habitats in their ability to support a diversity of wild bees. We first found that wild bee communities differed between wooded and herbaceous habitats, some bee species being found in one type of habitat and not in the other. We also showed that wooded semi-natural habitats provide some species of pollen preferred by the bees. Finally, we found that in wooded habitats there are some interactions between plant and bee species that do not happen in permanent grasslands. However, the latter also plays an important role in the diversity of bees and plants, and these wooded and herbaceous habitats complement each other. Overall, our results underline the importance of maintaining a diversity of semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes to maintain a diversity of wild bees and thus promote the pollination of wild plants and crops. Abstract Loss of semi-natural habitats (SNH) in agricultural landscapes affects wild bees, often negatively. However, how bee communities respond varies and is still unclear. To date, few studies have used precise descriptors to understand these effects. Our aim was to understand the respective and complementary influences of different wooded and herbaceous habitats on wild bee communities. We selected thirty 500-m radius landscapes on a gradient of a percentage of wooded SNH in south-western France. At each landscape, we sampled wild bees in spring 2016 and plants in spring 2015 and 2016 at the forest edge, in a hedgerow, and in a permanent grassland. Pollen carried by the most abundant bee species was collected and identified. Using beta diversity indices, we showed that wild bee community composition differs between the three SNH types, and especially between herbaceous and wooded SNH. Based on Jacobs’ selection index, we showed that pollen of some plant species recorded in wooded SNH are preferentially selected by wild bees. Studying the impact of the loss of each SNH type on the global bee-pollen interaction network, we found that wooded SNH contributed to its resilience, enabling specific plant–bee interactions. Overall, our results underline the non-negligible contribution of wooded SNH to the diversity of wild bees in agricultural landscapes, and thus the importance of maintaining different types of SNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Rivers-Moore
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (E.A.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Emilie Andrieu
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (E.A.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Aude Vialatte
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (E.A.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Annie Ouin
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (E.A.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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Bänsch S, Tscharntke T, Wünschiers R, Netter L, Brenig B, Gabriel D, Westphal C. Using ITS2 metabarcoding and microscopy to analyse shifts in pollen diets of honey bees and bumble bees along a mass-flowering crop gradient. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:5003-5018. [PMID: 33030785 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide pollinator declines lead to pollination deficits in crops and wild plants, and managed bees are frequently used to meet the increasing demand for pollination. However, their foraging can be affected by flower availability and colony size. We investigated how mass-flowering oilseed rape (OSR) can influence the pollen resource use of small and large honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and bumble bee (Bombus terrestris L.) colonies. Colonies were placed adjacent to strawberry fields along a gradient of OSR availability in the landscapes. We used ITS2 metabarcoding to identify the pollen richness based on ITS2 amplicon sequencing and microscopy for quantification of target pollen. Bumble bees collected pollen from more different plant genera than honey bees. In both species, strawberry pollen collection decreased with high OSR availability but was facilitated by increasing strawberry flower cover. Colony size had no effect. The relationship between next-generation sequencing-generated ITS2 amplicon reads and microscopic pollen counts was positive but pollen type-specific. Bumble bees and, to a lesser degree, honey bees collected pollen from a wide variety of plants. Therefore, in order to support pollinators and associated pollination services, future conservation schemes should sustain and promote pollen plant richness in agricultural landscapes. Both bee species responded to the availability of flower resources in the landscape. Although honey bees collected slightly more strawberry pollen than bumble bees, both can be considered as crop pollinators. Metabarcoding could provide similar quantitative information to microscopy, taking into account the pollen types, but there remains high potential to improve the methodological weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Bänsch
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Röbbe Wünschiers
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Mittweida University of Applied Sciences, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Leonie Netter
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Doreen Gabriel
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute of Crop and Soil Science, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ganser
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Eva Knop
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
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27
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Alcalá Herrera R, Fernández Sierra ML, Ruano F. The suitability of native flowers as pollen sources for Chrysoperla lucasina (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239847. [PMID: 33095792 PMCID: PMC7584243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are key biological control agents found in a broad range of crops. Given the importance of enhancing their presence and conservation, in this study, we aim to identify and to determine the relative importance of the pollen consumed by Chrysoperla lucasina (Lacroix, 1936) from 29 pollen types offered by 51 native plant species sown in an experimental farm in Villarrubia in the south of Spain. For the purposes of this study, C. lucasina specimens were captured in the late spring of 2016 and 2017. The pollen types and other components in the alimentary canal of C. lucasina were microscopically identified using the transparency method, which is a novel technique applied to green lacewings captured in the field. The results show that (i) C. lucasina feeds on over half of the pollen types offered by the sown plant species, with no differences in behaviour by sex or year; (ii) Capsella bursa-pastoris was the most frequently identified pollen type in the alimentary canal; (iii) the majority of pollen types identified correspond to sown native plant species and not to surrounding plant species; and that (iv) most of the adults studied also consumed honeydew. Our feeding study has important implications for the selection of plant mixtures for ground cover restoration and flower vegetation strips in Mediterranean agroecosystems, which complements our previous findings on how C. lucasina use native plant species as host and reproduction sites. The plant species Capsella bursa-pastoris and Biscutella auriculata, which are best suited to provide pollen, host and reproduction sites for C. lucasina in late spring, should consequently be included in the proposed plant mixtures for Mediterranean agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alcalá Herrera
- Department of Environmental Protection, Plant Protection Group, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Andalucía, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - María Luisa Fernández Sierra
- Department of Environmental Protection, Plant Protection Group, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Francisca Ruano
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain
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Pan H, Liu B, Jaworski CC, Yang L, Liu Y, Desneux N, Thomine E, Lu Y. Effects of Aphid Density and Plant Taxa on Predatory Ladybeetle Abundance at Field and Landscape Scales. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100695. [PMID: 33066204 PMCID: PMC7602106 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In agroecosystems, predatory ladybeetles play an important role in suppressing aphid populations. How ladybeetles make use of host plant diversity in multicropping landscapes has rarely been documented in China. In this study, we examined the relationship between aphid densities and ladybeetle densities at both the local field and landscape scales. Overall, we found that there was a positive correlation between aphid densities and ladybeetle densities. However, plant taxa had no significant influence on predatory ladybeetle abundance at the local field scale. In addition, the effect of aphids on ladybeetles abundance was influenced by the crop type and growing season at the regional landscape scale. There was a significant positive correlation between aphid and ladybeetle populations on cotton only in July and August, whereas the correlation was significant for maize throughout the whole growing season. The δ13C value indicated that most prey aphids for ladybeetles originated from crops where aphids are abundant (cotton in June and July; both maize and cotton in August). These findings improved our understanding of the migration and dispersal of ladybeetles among different habitats and plant species and provided insight into the promotion of regional conservation and pest control of natural enemies in Northern China. Abstract In agroecosystems, predatory ladybeetles play an important role in restraining aphid population growth and suppressing aphid populations. They can adapt to various habitats and make use of various aphid species associated with multiple host plants during their life cycle. Agricultural landscapes in China are composed of a mosaic of small fields with a diverse range of crops, and how ladybeetles make use of host plant diversity in such landscapes has rarely been documented. In this study, we examined the relationship between aphid densities and ladybeetle densities in two different settings: (i) on the majority of plant species (including crops, trees, and weeds) at a local field scale in 2013 and 2014, and (ii) in paired cotton and maize crop fields at a regional landscape scale in 2013. Overall, we found that aphid abundance determined predatory ladybeetle abundance at both the local field and landscape scales, and there was a positive correlation between aphid densities and ladybeetle densities. However, plant taxa had no significant influence on the predatory ladybeetle abundance at the local field scale. In addition, the effect of aphids on ladybeetles abundance was influenced by the crop type and growing season at the regional landscape scale. There was a significant positive correlation between aphids and ladybeetles populations on cotton only in July and August, whereas the correlation was significant for maize throughout the whole growing season. We also conducted an analysis of the stable carbon isotope ratios of the adult ladybeetles caught in cotton and maize fields (C3 and C4 crops, respectively) in a regional landscape-scale survey in 2013. The δ13Cvalue indicated that most prey aphids for ladybeetles originated from crops where aphids are abundant (cotton in June and July; both maize and cotton in August).These findings improved our understanding of the migration and dispersal of ladybeetles among different habitats and plant species and provided insight into the promotion of the regional conservation and pest control of natural enemies in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.P.); (B.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Korla, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.P.); (B.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | | | - Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.P.); (B.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.P.); (B.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte D’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France; (N.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Eva Thomine
- Université Côte D’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France; (N.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.P.); (B.L.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Iuliano B, Gratton C. Temporal Resource (Dis)continuity for Conservation Biological Control: From Field to Landscape Scales. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Environmental Display Can Buffer the Effect of Pesticides on Solitary Bees. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11070417. [PMID: 32635667 PMCID: PMC7412123 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental quality (e.g., diversity of resource availability, nesting sites, environmental display) plays an important role in an animal’s life. While homogeneous environments can restrict organisms from developing activities such as food seeking (behavioral impairment), more complex environments allow animals to perform activities with learning and behavioral perfecting outcomes. Pesticides are known to affect the learning and foraging behaviors of bees; however, little is known about the counterbalance displayed by the environment. Herein, we conducted two experiments that simulated distinct environmental displays, in which the effects of a fungicide (IndarTM 5EW-febunconazole) on solitary bee foraging activities were tested. We found that the fungicide only impaired the activities of bees in one of the studied environments. The difference in visitation rates and flower exploitation of bees between the two different environmental displays led to changes in metrics of bee–flower networks across environments. Linkage density, a metric associated with pollination efficiency that is known to be impacted by different environments, differed across environments. Our results showed that ecological interaction network metrics can differ regarding the different environmental displays. This study indicates that environmental complexity helps balance the negative effects of pesticides on solitary bees and highlights the potential use of solitary bees as model organisms for experimental simulations of environmental change.
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