1
|
Blumrich L, Masiero Silva L, Dias Barreto V, Rohde LA, Polanczyk GV, Miguel EC, Grisi SJFE, Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Ferraro AA. Causal Pathways Between the Acute Experience of Violence During Pregnancy and Fetal Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Cohort Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:765-773. [PMID: 38551182 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Violence during pregnancy (VDP) is a prevalent global issue with dire consequences for the mother and the developing fetus. These consequences include prematurity, low birthweight, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but its pathways remain elusive. This study investigated the causal pathways between VDP and IUGR using mediation analysis. Methods: A prospective population-based birth cohort was followed from the beginning of the third gestational trimester to the second year of life. IUGR was defined by the Kramer index, and information on VDP was collected using the WHO-Violence Against Women (WHO VAW) questionnaire. Cases were considered positive only when no other life episodes were reported. Ten different mediators were analyzed as possible pathways based on previous research. Path analysis was conducted to evaluate these relationships. Results: The path analysis model included 755 dyads and presented an adequate fit. Violence during pregnancy showed a direct effect (β = -0.195, p = 0.041) and a total effect (β = -0.276, p = 0.003) on IUGR. Violence was associated with gestational depression or anxiety, tobacco and alcohol consumption, changes in blood pressure, and the need for emergency care, but these did not constitute mediators of its effect on IUGR. The sum of the indirect effects, however, showed a significant association with IUGR (β = -0.081, p = 0.011). Conclusion: The acute experience of violence during pregnancy was associated with IUGR, primarily via a direct pathway. An indirect effect was also present but not mediated through the variables analyzed in this study. The robust strength of these associations underscores the negative health consequences of violence against women for the succeeding generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Blumrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Medical Council UniEduK; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry & National Center for Innovation and Research in Mental Health, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bacy Fleitlich-Bilyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amoak D, Antabe R, Sano Y. Toward Ending Violence Against Women: The Association of Intimate Partner Violence With Food Security Status Among Ever-Married Women in Cameroon. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241255731. [PMID: 38808963 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241255731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite an extensive body of literature that explores potential mechanisms explaining the factors associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by women, very few studies have studied the association of food security status with women's experience of IPV in sub-Saharan Africa countries, including Cameroon. Using data from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (n = 4,690), we explore the association between food security status and three distinct forms of IPV (i.e., emotional, sexual, and physical IPV) among ever-married women in Cameroon. Adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic, and attitudinal and behavioral characteristics, we found that women with severe (odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, p < .01), moderate (OR = 1.88, p < .05), and mild (OR = 1.76, p < .05) food insecurity were more likely to experience sexual IPV, compared to those without any food insecurity, whereas women with severe food insecurity were more likely to experience physical IPV (OR = 1.89, p < .001). Although women with severe (OR = 1.51, p < .01) and moderate (OR = 1.67, p < .001) food insecurity had a higher likelihood of experiencing emotional IPV at a bivariate level, we found that these associations became no longer significant in our adjusted model. These findings suggest that food insecurity is a critical risk factor for IPV among ever-married women in Cameroon. Addressing IPV requires a comprehensive strategy that places special emphasis on households experiencing food insecurity. There is also an urgent need to implement educational programs to increase awareness of the interconnection between food insecurity and IPV and to allocate resources to community-based initiatives that empower women both economically and socially.
Collapse
|
3
|
Finnbogadóttir HR, Henriksen L, Hegaard HK, Halldórsdóttir S, Paavilainen E, Lukasse M, Broberg L. The Consequences of A History of Violence on Women's Pregnancy and Childbirth in the Nordic Countries: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241253044. [PMID: 38805432 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241253044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Violence against women (VAW) is a global challenge also in the childbearing period. Despite high gender equality, there is a high prevalence of VAW in the Nordic countries. This scoping review aims to explore predictors for and consequences of a history of violence on women's pregnancy and childbirth in the Nordic countries, including women's experience of the impact of violence and the interventions used to detect, address consequences, and prevent further violence. The framework by Arksey and O'Malley was followed, and English, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish literature was included. The population was women aged ≥18 residing in the Nordic countries during the perinatal period. Eight databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ASSIA, Social Services-, and Sociological abstracts. There was no limitation of the search time frame. The initial screening resulted in 1,104 records, and after removing duplicates, 452 remained. Finally, 61 papers met the inclusion criteria. The results covering the past 32 years indicated that childbearing women with a history of violence are at greater risk of common complaints and hospitalization during pregnancy, fear of childbirth, Cesarean section, breastfeeding difficulties, and physical and mental health problems. While extensive research was found on the associations between a history of and current violence and outcomes related to pregnancy, there was a lack of intervention studies and studies from Finland. Efforts must be made to scientifically test the methods used to reduce and treat the adverse effects of a history of violence and prevent further violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanne Kristine Hegaard
- Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- The University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Lotte Broberg
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
- Slagelse Hospital, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu X, Liang D, Anwar S, Zhao Y, Huang J. Impact evaluation of invisible intimate partner violence on maternal healthcare utilization in Pakistan. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:386. [PMID: 38789965 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing research has shown that intimate partner violence (IPV) may hinder maternal access to healthcare services, thereby affecting maternal and child health. However, current studies have ignored whether emotional intimate partner violence (EV) could negatively affect maternal healthcare use. This study aims to evaluate the impact of invisible IPV on maternal healthcare utilization in Pakistan. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey database from 2012-2013 and 2017-2018. Exposure to physical intimate partner violence (PV) and EV was the primary predictor. Based on women's last birth records, outcomes included three binary variables indicating whether women had inadequate antenatal care (ANC) visits, non-institutional delivery, and lack of postnatal health check-ups. A logistic regression model was established on weighted samples. RESULTS Exposure to EV during pregnancy was significantly associated with having inadequate ANC visits (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.38, p = 0.033) and non-institutional delivery (aOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.41 to 3.57, p = 0.001). Lifetime exposure to EV was associated with increased risks of inadequate ANC visits (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.19, p = 0.049). Lifetime exposure to low-scale physical intimate partner violence (LSPV) (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.31, p < 0.001) was associated with increased risks of having no postnatal health check-ups. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women who experienced EV and LSPV are at greater risk of missing maternal healthcare, even if the violence occurred before pregnancy. Therefore, in countries with high levels of IPV, early screening for invisible violence needs to be integrated into policy development, and healthcare providers need to be trained to identify EV and LSPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Saeed Anwar
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jiayan Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Klawetter S, Wahab S, Gievers L. Unsettling Common Sense Assumptions about Intimate Partner Violence in the NICU. Neoreviews 2024; 25:e245-e253. [PMID: 38688884 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
NICU clinicians strive to provide family-centered care and often encounter complex and ethical challenges. Emerging evidence suggests that NICU clinicians likely interact with families experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). However, little research and training exists to guide NICU clinicians in their thinking and practice in the midst of IPV. In this review, we use a structural violence framework to engage in a critical analysis of commonly held assumptions about IPV. These assumptions include an overreliance on binaries including male-female and offender-victim, the belief that people need to be rescued, prioritization of physical safety, and the notion that mandatory reporting helps families who experience violence. By reexamining these assumptions, this review guides NICU clinicians to consider alternatives to carceral and punitive responses to IPV, such as transformative justice and reflexive engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Wahab
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR
| | - Ladawna Gievers
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raziani Y, Hasheminasab L, Gheshlagh RG, Dalvand P, Baghi V, Aslani M. The prevalence of intimate partner violence among Iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:108-118. [PMID: 36207824 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221119641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence against pregnant women is an important public health concern and human rights issue. According to the various findings of previous studies, this study was conducted to assess the pooled prevalence of intimate partner violence against Iranian women. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MagIran, and Scientific Information Database without a time limit. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochrane Q test statistics and the I2 test, and the results were incorporated into a random effects model to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence. Data analysis was performed using R software version 4.3.2. RESULTS The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence was reported to be 51.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 45.0-58.1), and the prevalence rate of physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence was 18.0% (95% CI 15.1-20.9), 22.1% (95% CI 17.7-26.60) and 43.2% (95% CI 36.6-49.8), respectively. The lowest level of physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence rate was observed in district 1 of Iran (includes Tehran, the capital of Iran and the surrounding provinces). The rate of physical and sexual intimate partner violence prevalence decreased with the increased mean age of the husband (P=0.005) and the mean age of the wife (P=0.035), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Studies included in this review report that more than half of Iranian women experience violence during pregnancy. In order to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal consequences, it is necessary to identify these women and introduce them to support centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Raziani
- Nursing Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulimaniya, Iraq
| | - Leila Hasheminasab
- Clinical Care Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Pegah Dalvand
- Department of Mathematics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Baghi
- Be'sat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Aslani
- Department of Nursing, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kpordoxah MR, Adiak AA, Issah AN, Yeboah D, Abdulai N, Boah M. Magnitude of self-reported intimate partner violence against pregnant women in Ghana's northern region and its association with low birth weight. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38178015 PMCID: PMC10765694 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) rates are high in the northern region of Ghana, as is tolerance for intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the relationship between the two incidents has not been established. This study assessed the magnitude of IPV against pregnant women and its association with LBW in the northern region of Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 postnatal women from five public health care facilities in the Tamale Metropolitan Area, northern Ghana. Data were collected electronically during face-to-face interviews. Validated methods were used to determine IPV exposure during pregnancy and birth weight. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent association between prenatal exposure to IPV and LBW. RESULTS Of the 402 women, 46.5% (95% CI: 41.7, 51.4) experienced IPV during their most recent pregnancy. Of these, 34.8% were psychologically abused, 24.4% were sexually abused, and 6.7% were physically abused. Prenatal IPV exposure was found to be significantly associated with birth weight. Low birth weight was twice as likely among exposed women as among unexposed women (AOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.26, p < 0.05). Low birth weight risk was also higher among women with anaemia in the first trimester (AOR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.47, 8.23, p < 0.01), but was lower among women who made at least four antenatal care visits before delivery (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.89, p < 0.05) and male newborns (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.49, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION IPV during pregnancy is prevalent in the research population, with psychological IPV being more widespread than other kinds. Women who suffered IPV during pregnancy were more likely to have LBW than those who did not. It is essential to incorporate questions about domestic violence into antenatal care protocols. In particular, every pregnant woman should be screened for IPV at least once during each trimester, and those who have experienced violence should be closely monitored for weight gain and foetal growth in the study setting to avert the LBW associated with IPV. In the northern region of Ghana, the number of babies born with low birth weight is high, as is the number of adults who are willing to put up with intimate partner violence. However, there has not been any proof that these two incidents are connected. This study looked at how frequently intimate partner violence occurs among pregnant women and how it is linked to low birth weight in northern Ghana's Tamale Metropolitan Area. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 402 postnatal women from five public health care facilities in the study setting. Information on exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and the birth weight of babies was collected electronically during face-to-face interviews. The study found that of the 402 women, 46.5% had experienced violence by an intimate partner during their most recent pregnancy. Out of these, 34.8% were abused psychologically, 24.4% were abused sexually, and 6.7% were abused physically. Women who were abused were more likely than those who were not to have babies with low birth weight. We concluded that intimate partner violence is common during pregnancy in the study setting and that more women suffered psychological intimate partner violence than other types of violence. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy was linked to low birth weight in the study setting. It is important for antenatal care plans to include questions about intimate partner violence. In particular, every pregnant woman should be assessed for intimate partner violence at least once during each trimester for monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rachael Kpordoxah
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Abdul-Nasir Issah
- Department of Health Services, Policy, Planning, Management, and Economics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Daudi Yeboah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Nashiru Abdulai
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Nanton District Assembly, Tamale, P.O. Box 1, Ghana
| | - Michael Boah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
White SJ, Sin J, Sweeney A, Salisbury T, Wahlich C, Montesinos Guevara CM, Gillard S, Brett E, Allwright L, Iqbal N, Khan A, Perot C, Marks J, Mantovani N. Global Prevalence and Mental Health Outcomes of Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:494-511. [PMID: 36825800 PMCID: PMC10666489 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231155529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the magnitude of the association between types of intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health outcomes and shed light on the large variation in IPV prevalence rates between low- to middle-income countries and high-income countries. The study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The following databases were searched for this study: Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts. The inclusion criteria for this study are as follows: quantitative studies published from 2012 to 2020 on IPV exposure in women aged 16+, using validated measures. Random effects meta-analyses and subgroup analysis exploring heterogeneity across population groups in different economic contexts are used in this study. In all, 201 studies were included with 250,599 women, primarily from high-income countries. Higher prevalence rates were reported for women's lifetime IPV than past year IPV. Lifetime psychological violence was the most prevalent form of IPV. Women in the community reported the highest prevalence for physical, psychological, and sexual violence in the past year compared to clinical groups. Perinatal women were most likely to have experienced lifetime physical IPV. Prevalence rates differed significantly (p = .037 to <.001) for "any IPV" and all subtypes by income country level. Meta-analysis suggested increased odds for all mental health outcomes associated with IPV including depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04-3.14), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (OR = 2.15-2.66), and suicidality (OR = 2.17-5.52). Clinical and community populations were exposed to high prevalence of IPV and increased likelihood of depression, PTSD, and suicidality. Future research should seek to understand women's perspectives on service/support responses to IPV to address their mental health needs. Work with IPV survivors should be carried out to develop bespoke services to reduce IPV in groups most at risk such as pregnant and/or help-seeking women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Brett
- Anglia Ruskin University ARU, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Concetta Perot
- King’s College London, London, UK
- Survivor Panel, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sureau Y, Moro MR, Radjack R. Resources and Obstacles of a Maternity Staff Facing Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy-A Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2782. [PMID: 37893856 PMCID: PMC10606075 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intimate partner violence occurring during pregnancy has a similar prevalence as usual obstetrical disorders that are routinely screened for. Referenced publications insist on the importance of adequate screening, but the proper course of action has yet to be defined. AIM OF STUDY We qualitatively explored the different resources and concepts that emerge from the discourse of maternity staff across professions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We led a semi structured interview with professionals, which included following their involvement with preselected patients. Nine professionals provided a sample of 19 interviews. The data was analysed using IPA methodology. Results We highlight the investigative importance of navigating the patient's initial demand or lack thereof and the baby's importance within, while identifying mechanisms of maternal disqualification. Creating an atmosphere prone to patient empowerment was the final theme to emerge from the study as the most beneficial tactic both in the short and long term. CONCLUSIONS HCPs need to enable patients' trust on a personal and an institutional level, as well as empowering the patient in the moment and respecting their values and choices. HCPs also convey the stability of the institution that has become a reference of refuge and assistance for patients from their pregnancy onwards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yam Sureau
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014 Paris, France; (M.-R.M.); (R.R.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Cité, 75000 Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, CPBB, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Rose Moro
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014 Paris, France; (M.-R.M.); (R.R.)
- Le Laboratoire Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie Psychanalyse (PCPP), Université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Rahmeth Radjack
- APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, 75014 Paris, France; (M.-R.M.); (R.R.)
- Le Laboratoire Psychologie Clinique, Psychopathologie Psychanalyse (PCPP), Université de Paris, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chalise P, Manandhar P, Infanti JJ, Campbell J, Henriksen L, Joshi SK, Koju R, Pun KD, Rishal P, Simpson MR, Skovlund E, Swahnberg K, Schei B, Lukasse M. Addressing Domestic Violence in Antenatal Care Environments in Nepal (ADVANCE) - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial evaluating a video intervention on domestic violence among pregnant women. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1794. [PMID: 37715147 PMCID: PMC10503096 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence (DV) prior to, and during pregnancy is associated with increased risks for morbidity and mortality. As pregnant women routinely attend antenatal care this environment can be used to offer support to women experiencing DV. We have developed a video intervention that focuses on the use of behavioral coping strategies, particularly regarding disclosure of DV experiences. The effectiveness of this intervention will be evaluated through a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a concurrent process evaluation. METHODS All pregnant women between 12-22 weeks of gestation attending routine antenatal care at two tertiary level hospitals in Nepal are invited to participate. DV is measured using the Nepalese version of the Abuse Assessment Screen (N-AAS). Additionally, we measure participants' mental health, use of coping strategies, physical activity, and food security through a Color-coded Audio Computer Assisted Self Interview (C-ACASI). Irrespective of DV status, women are randomized into the intervention or control arm using a computer-generated randomization program. The intervention arm views a short video providing information on DV, safety improving actions women can take with an emphasis on disclosing the violence to a trusted person along with utilizing helplines available in Nepal. The control group watches a video on maintaining a healthy pregnancy and when to seek healthcare. The primary outcome is the proportion of women disclosing their DV status to someone. Secondary outcomes are symptoms of anxiety and depression, coping strategies, the use of safety measures and attitudes towards acceptance of abuse. Follow-up is conducted after 32 weeks of gestation, where both the intervention and control group participants view the intervention video after completing the follow-up questionnaire. Additionally, a mixed methods process evaluation of the intervention will be carried out to explore factors influencing the acceptability of the intervention and the disclosure of DV, including a review of project documents, individual interviews, and focus group discussions with members of the research team, healthcare providers, and participants. DISCUSSION This study will provide evidence on whether pregnant women attending regular antenatal visits can enhance their safety by disclosing their experiences of violence to a trusted person after receiving a video intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in ClinicalTrial.gov with identifier NCT05199935.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chalise
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
| | - P Manandhar
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J J Infanti
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Campbell
- Department of Community-Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, USA
| | - L Henriksen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - S K Joshi
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Koju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - K D Pun
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - P Rishal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M R Simpson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K Swahnberg
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linneaus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - B Schei
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Lukasse
- Center for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, P.O. Box 235, N-3603, Kongsberg, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu Y, Fournier K, Seguin N, Cobey K, Sampsel K, Murphy MSQ, Wen SW, Walker M, Muldoon KA. Interventions for intimate partner violence during the perinatal period: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065560. [PMID: 37451742 PMCID: PMC10351229 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, the prevalence and incidence of perinatal intimate partner violence (IPV) are well documented and substantiated; however, there is an urgent need to identify interventions to prevent recurrence or revictimisation, and decrease the harms of perinatal IPV. This scoping review is designed to broadly capture all potential interventions for the secondary prevention of IPV, review them in detail, and assess what can reduce revictimisation and foster improvements in both maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS With the structure of the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O'Malley methodology for scoping reviews, the search will be conducted in: MEDLINE(R) ALL (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), APA PsycInfo (OvidSP), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (OvidSP), Web of Science, and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ProQuest). A manual search of the reference lists of the retrieved articles will be conducted to capture all relevant studies for potential inclusion. A year limit of January 2000-June 2022 will be applied to retrieve most current peer-reviewed articles. No search filters or language limits will be used, but only publications in English and French will be eligible for inclusion. Interventions include but are not limited to: psychotherapy, educational sessions, home visitation, etc. Outcomes include but are not limited to: (1) harms of IPV among survivors (eg, revictimisation) and (2) adverse perinatal outcomes (eg, preterm birth). Interventions will be excluded if they target the perpetrator or child(ren) alone. Titles and abstracts of included studies will be screened in duplicate. Full-text documents will be extracted and reviewed by two independent reviewers. Conflicts between reviewers will be resolved by a third independent reviewer. Findings will be presented with descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for this scoping review. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. STUDY REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (OSF) registry (https://osf.io/e294r) in Centre for Open Science (OSF) on 27 May 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Fournier
- Health Science Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niève Seguin
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Cobey
- Open Science and Meta-Research Program, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kari Sampsel
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malia S Q Murphy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Newborn Care, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine A Muldoon
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deffieux X, Rousset-Jablonski C, Gantois A, Brillac T, Maruani J, Maitrot-Mantelet L, Mignot S, Gaucher L, Athiel Y, Baffet H, Bailleul A, Bernard V, Bourdon M, Cardaillac C, Carneiro Y, Chariot P, Corroenne R, Dabi Y, Dahlem L, Frank S, Freyens A, Grouthier V, Hernandez I, Iraola E, Lambert M, Lauchet N, Legendre G, Le Lous M, Louis-Vahdat C, Martinat Sainte-Beuve A, Masson M, Matteo C, Pinton A, Sabbagh E, Sallee C, Thubert T, Heron I, Pizzoferrato AC, Artzner F, Tavenet A, Le Ray C, Fauconnier A. [Pelvic exam in gynecology and obstetrics: Guidelines for clinical practice]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2023; 51:297-330. [PMID: 37258002 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide guidelines for the pelvic clinical exam in gynecology and obstetrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multidisciplinary experts consensus committee of 45 experts was formed, including representatives of patients' associations and users of the health system. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any funding. The authors were advised to follow the rules of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE®) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasized. METHODS The committee studied 40 questions within 4 fields for symptomatic or asymptomatic women (emergency conditions, gynecological consultation, gynecological diseases, obstetrics, and pregnancy). Each question was formulated in a PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format and the evidence profiles were produced. The literature review and recommendations were made according to the GRADE® methodology. RESULTS The experts' synthesis work and the application of the GRADE method resulted in 27 recommendations. Among the formalized recommendations, 17 present a strong agreement, 7 a weak agreement and 3 an expert consensus agreement. Thirteen questions resulted in an absence of recommendation due to lack of evidence in the literature. CONCLUSIONS The need to perform clinical examination in gynecological and obstetrics patients was specified in 27 pre-defined situations based on scientific evidence. More research is required to investigate the benefit in other cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Deffieux
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, 92140 Clamart, France.
| | - Christine Rousset-Jablonski
- Département de chirurgie, Centre Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1290, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Adrien Gantois
- Collège national des sages-femmes de France hébergé au Réseau de santé périnatal parisien (RSPP), 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Julia Maruani
- Cabinet médical, 6, rue Docteur-Albert-Schweitzer, 13006 Marseille, France
| | - Lorraine Maitrot-Mantelet
- Unité de gynécologie médicale, hôpital Port-Royal, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Paris centre (HUPC), 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Laurent Gaucher
- Collège national des sages-femmes de France, CNSF, 75010 Paris, France; Public Health Unit, hospices civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France; Inserm U1290, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1206 Genève, Suisse
| | - Yoann Athiel
- Maternité Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Paris Centre, AP-HP, université Paris cité, FHU Prema, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hortense Baffet
- Service de gynécologie médicale, orthogénie et sexologie, CHU de Lille, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Bailleul
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier de Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 78300 Poissy, France; Équipe RISCQ « Risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale », université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Valérie Bernard
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, gynécologie médicale et médecine de la reproduction, centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine, centre hospitalo-universitaire Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Unité Inserm 1312, université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bourdon
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique II et médecine de la reproduction, université Paris cité, AP-HP, centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Cochin Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claire Cardaillac
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Patrick Chariot
- Département de médecine légale et sociale, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 93140 Bondy, France; Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux, UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Romain Corroenne
- Service de gynécologue-obstétrique, CHU d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Yohann Dabi
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, Sorbonne université-AP-HP-hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Dahlem
- Département universitaire de médecine générale, faculté de médecine, université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Frank
- Service d'oncogénétique, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Freyens
- Département universitaire de médecine générale (DUMG), université Paul-Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Grouthier
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition et d'endocrinologie des gonades, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire régional de Bordeaux, 31000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Hernandez
- Collège national des sages-femmes de France hébergé au Réseau de santé périnatal parisien (RSPP), 75010 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Iraola
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, CNRS U997 Inserm EHESS UP13 UFR SMBH, université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France; Direction de la protection maternelle et infantile et promotion de la santé, conseil départemental du Val-de-Marne, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Marie Lambert
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, gynécologie médicale et médecine de la reproduction, centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine, centre hospitalo-universitaire Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadege Lauchet
- Groupe médical François-Perrin, 9, rue François-Perrin, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Guillaume Legendre
- Service de gynécologue-obstétrique, CHU Angers, 49000 Angers, France; UMR_S1085, université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Angers, France
| | - Maela Le Lous
- Université de Rennes 1, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, 35000 Rennes, France; Département de gynécologie et obstétrique, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christine Louis-Vahdat
- Cabinet de gynécologie et obstétrique, 126, boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Masson
- Département de médecine générale, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Caroline Matteo
- Ecole de maïeutique, Aix Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Pinton
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, 26, avenue du Dr-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sabbagh
- Unité de gynécologie médicale, hôpital Port-Royal, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Paris centre (HUPC), 75014 Paris, France
| | - Camille Sallee
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Mère-Enfant, CHU de Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Thibault Thubert
- Service de gynecologie-obstétrique, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; EA 4334, laboratoire mouvement, interactions, performance (MIP), Nantes université, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Heron
- Service d'endocrinologie, université de Rouen, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 76000 Rouen, France; Cabinet médical, Clinique Mathilde, 76100 Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Pizzoferrato
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital universitaire de La Miletrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Inserm CIC 1402, université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - France Artzner
- Ciane, Collectif interassociatif autour de la naissance, c/o Anne Evrard, 101, rue Pierre-Corneille, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Arounie Tavenet
- Endofrance, Association de lutte contre l'endométriose, 3, rue de la Gare, 70190 Tresilley, France
| | - Camille Le Ray
- Maternité Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Paris Centre, AP-HP, université Paris cité, FHU Prema, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fauconnier
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier de Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 78300 Poissy, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abrahams N, Chirwa E, Mhlongo S, Seedat S, Myers B, Peer N, Kengne AP, Garcia-Moreno C, Lombard C, Jewkes R. Pathways to adverse pregnancy outcomes: exploring the mediating role of intimate partner violence and depression: results from a South African rape cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:341-351. [PMID: 37032357 PMCID: PMC10191987 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are common occurrences that contribute to negative maternal and child health outcomes. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that trauma exposure and depression are drivers of the better-recognised risk factors for miscarriage, abortion and stillbirths. Our comparative cohort study based in Durban, South Africa recruited women who reported a recent rape (n = 852) and those who had never experienced rape (n = 853), with follow-up for 36 months. We explored APOs (miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth) among those having a pregnancy during follow-up (n = 453). Potential mediators were baseline depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, substance abuse, HbA1C, BMI, hypertension and smoking. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to determine direct and indirect paths to APO. Overall, 26.6% of the women had a pregnancy in the follow-up period and 29.4% ended in an APO, with miscarriage (19.9%) the most common outcome, followed by abortion (6.6%) and stillbirths (2.9%). The SEM showed two direct pathways from exposure to childhood trauma, rape and other trauma, to APO which were ultimately mediated by hypertension and/or BMI, but all paths to BMI were mediated by depression and IPV-mediated pathways from childhood and other trauma to hypertension. Food insecurity mediated a pathway from experiences of trauma in childhood to depression. Our study confirms the important role of trauma exposure, including rape, and depression on APOs, through their impact on hypertension and BMI. It is critical that violence against women and mental health are more systematically addressed in antenatal, pregnancy and postnatal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Abrahams
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, Cape Town, 7501, South Africa.
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7935, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - E Chirwa
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, Cape Town, 7501, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Mhlongo
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, Cape Town, 7501, South Africa
| | - S Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Dr, Parow, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South African Research Chair in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Myers
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, 7501, Cape Town, South Africa
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - N Peer
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, 7501, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - A P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, 7501, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - C Garcia-Moreno
- HRP (The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization (WHO), 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, 7501, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Jewkes
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Parow Valley, Cape Town, 7501, South Africa
- Office of the Executive Scientist, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Muthiani Y, Aboubaker S, Askari S, Bahl R, Black RE, Dalmiya N, Duggan CP, Hofmeyr GJ, Kennedy SH, Klein N, Lawn JE, Shiffman J, Simon J, Temmerman M. Small vulnerable newborns-big potential for impact. Lancet 2023; 401:1692-1706. [PMID: 37167991 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite major achievements in child survival, the burden of neonatal mortality has remained high and even increased in some countries since 1990. Currently, most neonatal deaths are attributable to being born preterm, small for gestational age (SGA), or with low birthweight (LBW). Besides neonatal mortality, these conditions are associated with stillbirth and multiple morbidities, with short-term and long-term adverse consequences for the newborn, their families, and society, resulting in a major loss of human capital. Prevention of preterm birth, SGA, and LBW is thus critical for global child health and broader societal development. Progress has, however, been slow, largely because of the global community's failure to agree on the definition and magnitude of newborn vulnerability and best ways to address it, to frame the problem attractively, and to build a broad coalition of actors and a suitable governance structure to implement a change. We propose a new definition and a conceptual framework, bringing preterm birth, SGA, and LBW together under a broader umbrella term of the small vulnerable newborn (SVN). Adoption of the framework and the unified definition can facilitate improved problem definition and improved programming for SVN prevention. Interventions aiming at SVN prevention would result in a healthier start for live-born infants, while also reducing the number of stillbirths, improving maternal health, and contributing to a positive economic and social development in the society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yvonne Muthiani
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Rajiv Bahl
- Indian Council for Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nita Dalmiya
- United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P Duggan
- Center for Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Justus Hofmeyr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Effective Care Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joy E Lawn
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Shiffman
- Paul H Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Marleen Temmerman
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eikemo R, Barimani M, Elvin-Nowak Y, Eriksson J, Vikström A, Nyman V, Backman-Enelius M, Jonas W. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy - Prevalence and associations with women's health: A cross-sectional study. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2023; 36:100843. [PMID: 37062226 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women occurs in all settings. Exposure to intimate partner violence, especially during pregnancy, is associated with serious adverse health outcomes and is recognized as a global health issue. AIM To describe the prevalence of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Sweden during current pregnancy, and to investigate potential associations between exposure and sociodemographic characteristics and health. METHODS Between October and December 2020, a cross-sectional survey study was conducted at 35 midwifery clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. RESULTS The questionnaire was answered by 3399 pregnant women. The results showed that 2.1% of the women reported exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy, with exposure to psychological violence being most common (1.8%), followed by exposure to physical violence (0.6%) and sexual violence (0.1%). Exposure to intimate partner violence was significantly associated with living situation and depressive symptoms, as well as education, country of birth, and employment status. CONCLUSION Exposure to intimate partner violence occurs even during pregnancy and it is crucial to identify pregnant women exposed to intimate partner violence in order to inform clinical practice and to provide adequate support. More research is needed to develop screening instruments to detect violence against pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Eikemo
- Academic Primary Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M Barimani
- Academic Primary Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
| | - Y Elvin-Nowak
- Academic Primary Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - J Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Vikström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - V Nyman
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - W Jonas
- Departement of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boah M, Abdulai N, Issah AN, Yeboah D, Kpordoxah MR, Aballo J, Adokiya MN. Risk of adverse newborn outcomes among women who experienced physical and psychological intimate partner abuse during pregnancy in Ghana's northern region. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15391. [PMID: 37123925 PMCID: PMC10130875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common worldwide. However, the health effects of exposure to IPV during pregnancy are significantly more severe. We investigated the relationship between exposure to IPV during pregnancy and the risk of preterm and low birthweight births among women in Ghana's northern region. Methods We recruited 402 postnatal women aged 15-49 years from five selected public health facilities in the Tamale Metropolis of the northern region of Ghana. Using Kobo Collect, information on a wide range of factors, including exposure to IPV during the last pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, was collected electronically. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted in Stata to determine the associations between prenatal exposure to IPV and binary measures of gestational age at birth and birthweight. Results Overall, 35.1% (95% CI: 30.5, 39.9) of the respondents experienced IPV during their recent pregnancy; 6.7% (95% CI: 4.6, 9.6) experienced physical IPV; and 34.8% (95% CI: 30.3, 39.6) experienced psychological IPV. The prevalence of preterm and low birthweight deliveries was 18.9% (95% CI: 15.4, 23.1) and 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5, 12.2), respectively. Prenatal exposure to IPV was linked to poor newborn outcomes by multivariable binary regression models. Women who suffered IPV during their last pregnancy were three times more likely to deliver low birthweight babies (AOR = 3.12: 95% CI: 1.42, 6.84). Exposed women were also about twice as likely to deliver prematurely, although this association was not statistically significant (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 0.97, 3.38). Conclusion Exposure to IPV during pregnancy increases a woman's risk of delivering prematurely and having a low birthweight baby. IPV screening should be a regular part of ANC, so that pregnant women who are experiencing IPV can be monitored and supported to avoid adverse outcomes for their babies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
| | - Nashiru Abdulai
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Nanton District Assembly, P.O. Box 1, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Nasir Issah
- Department of Health Services, Policy, Planning, Management, and Economics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Daudi Yeboah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Mary Rachael Kpordoxah
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jevaise Aballo
- United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). Ghana Country Office, P.O. Box AN 5051, Accra, Ghana
| | - Martin Nyaaba Adokiya
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
García-Cuéllar MM, Pastor-Moreno G, Ruiz-Pérez I, Henares-Montiel J. The prevalence of intimate partner violence against women with disabilities: a systematic review of the literature. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:1-8. [PMID: 35038281 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2025927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although systematic reviews have already been conducted on violence and disability, the evidence is not conclusive in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This study examined the prevalence of IPV in women with disabilities, taking account of the different types of violence and disability. METHODS We performed a search in five databases. We included observational studies that analysed the frequency of IPV in women with disabilities compared to women without. Two independent reviewers selected and assessed studies. We made a qualitative synthesis according to the type of IPV analysed in relation to disability. RESULTS We identified 26 articles. The frequency and risk of IPV were greater in women with disabilities than in those without. All of the articles that studied financial violence, 81.3% of those that studied physical violence, 78.5% of those that studied psychological violence, 75% of those that studied physical/sexual violence, 73.3% of those that studied sexual violence and 50% of those that studied any type of violence found a significant association whit disability. CONCLUSIONS Women with disabilities are at higher risk of IPV. Rehabilitation centers and its professionals must have a leading role in the identification of these situations and this should be considered in IPV prevention plans.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with disabilities are at higher risk of multiple types of violence.Violence against women with disabilities therefore involves two public health issues interacting simultaneously.Rehabilitation centers and its professionals should have a leading role in the identification of IPV in women with disabilities.IPV prevention plans should consider rehabilitation centers and its professionals as a main component of interventions in women with disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica y en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Pérez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica y en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Henares-Montiel
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica y en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gilbert LK, Zhang X, Basile KC, Breiding M, Kresnow MJ. Intimate Partner Violence and Health Conditions Among U.S. Adults-National Intimate Partner Violence Survey, 2010-2012. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP237-NP261. [PMID: 35337195 PMCID: PMC9509488 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies of intimate partner violence and health outcomes include multiple forms of intimate partner victimization, so this paper sought to examine health associations with intimate partner violence (IPV), including sexual, physical, stalking, and psychological forms, as well as polyvictimization. METHODS Data are from the 2010-2012 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, an on-going national random-digit-dial telephone survey of U.S. adults. There were 41,174 respondents. Logistic regression was used to compute prevalence ratios for any IPV, adjusted for demographics and non-IPV victimization. For individual forms of IPV, prevalence ratios were further adjusted for other forms of IPV. Tests for linear trend in poly-victimization were performed. RESULTS Any IPV was associated with all health conditions for both sexes with a few exceptions for males. Female penetrative sexual victimization and male stalking victimization were associated with the most health conditions. For each health condition, a significant linear trend indicated that as the number of forms of IPV experienced increased, prevalence of each health condition increased, with a few exceptions for males. CONCLUSIONS It is important for service providers to screen for multiple forms of IPV, including psychological aggression, because individual forms or polyvictimization may have unique and cumulative health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah K. Gilbert
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionD, Atlanta GA USA
| | - Kathleen C. Basile
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Matthew Breiding
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionD, Atlanta GA USA
| | - Marcie-jo Kresnow
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionD, Atlanta GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Physical Violence during Pregnancy and Its Implications at Birth: Analysis of a Population Survey, 2019. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010033. [PMID: 36611493 PMCID: PMC9818880 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical partner violence is widely recognized as a global health problem, especially in pregnant women. This study determines the association between physical violence during pregnancy in Peruvian women aged 15 to 49 years with low birth weight and abortion according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2019. An analytical cross-sectional observational study was carried out based on the data from the ENDES 2019. Two dependent variables referring to birth outcomes were included: abortion and low birth weight. The independent variable was physical violence during pregnancy by her current or former husband/partner. A total of 15,305 women were included in the study. The prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy was 6.43%. Regarding the adverse outcomes of pregnancy, the prevalences of abortion and low birth weight were 20.84% and 6.01%, respectively. Women suffering physical violence during pregnancy were more likely to have an abortion but not low birth weight. In conclusion, it was found that 6 in 100 Peruvian women of childbearing age were victims of violence during pregnancy. Likewise, it was observed that women who were victims of violence during pregnancy had a higher probability of having an abortion but not low birth weight.
Collapse
|
20
|
Domestic violence against pregnant women is a potential risk factor for low birthweight in full-term neonates: A population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279469. [PMID: 36548219 PMCID: PMC9778605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic violence's most frequently reported outcomes are preterm delivery and low birthweight, both of which are the strongest correlates of mortality and morbidity. Several studies have shown that pregnant women with domestic violence during pregnancy were more likely to deliver low-birthweight and preterm neonates. However, there has been no consensus on associations between domestic violence and low-birthweight and preterm delivery. To examine the impact of domestic violence on birthweight stratified by preterm or full-term delivery, a population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted that linked four national databases in Taiwan. A total of 1,322 subjects associated with a report of domestic violence during pregnancy were compared with 485,981 subjects without any record of reported domestic violence. The percentage of low birthweight in the group exposed to domestic violence was significantly higher than in the unexposed group with full-term delivery (4.9% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women exposed to domestic violence had an OR of 1.37 (95% CI 1.05, 1.79) for low birthweight in full-term delivery. However, domestic violence was not significantly associated with low birthweight in preterm delivery. Screening for intimate partner violence in the perinatal health care system should be seen as especially important for women who have had full-term low-birthweight neonates.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bott S, Ruiz-Celis AP, Mendoza JA, Guedes A. Correlates of co-occurring physical child punishment and physical intimate partner violence in Colombia, Mexico and Peru. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2195. [PMCID: PMC9702951 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Violent discipline of children and intimate partner violence (IPV) against women are global public health and human rights problems. To address calls for more evidence on intersections, this study aimed to expand knowledge about correlates of physical child punishment, physical IPV against women and their co-occurrence (both) in the same household.
Methods
Using national, population-based survey datasets from Colombia, Mexico and Peru, multinomial logistic regressions examined correlates of three mutually exclusive patterns of violence in the household: physical child punishment (only), physical IPV ever (only) and co-occurrence (both), each compared with no violence, after adjusting for other factors. Logistic regression was used to analyse odds ratios of physical child punishment in households affected by IPV past year and before past year compared with never, after adjusting for other factors.
Results
In all countries, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of co-occurrence were significantly higher among women with lower education, more than one child, a child aged 2–5, a partner who tried to socially isolate her, and a history of childhood violence (caregiver violence and/or IPV exposure). They were significantly lower among women who reported collaborative partnerships (joint decision-making and/or shared chores). Co-occurrence was also significantly correlated with a history of child marriage/early motherhood in Colombia and Mexico, partner’s excess drinking in Mexico and Peru, agreement that physical child punishment was necessary in Peru and partner’s history of childhood violence in Colombia and Mexico. Evidence of shared risk factors was strongest for social isolation and caregiver histories of childhood violence and of shared protective factors for collaborative partnership dynamics. In all countries, associations between physical child punishment and physical IPV remained significant after adjusting for other factors, suggesting that correlations could not be explained by shared risk factors alone.
Conclusions
These findings are consistent with several theories relevant for violence prevention: 1) more collaborative, gender equitable partnerships may protect both children and women from violence; 2) violence between intimate partners may ‘spill over’ into violence against children (as correlations could not be explained by shared risk factors alone); and 3) there appears to be strong evidence of intergenerational transmission of violence.
Collapse
|
22
|
Brown HK, Saunders N, Chen S, Leslie K, Vigod SN, Fung K, Guttmann A, Havercamp SM, Parish SL, Ray JG, Lunsky Y. Disability and Interpersonal Violence in the Perinatal Period. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 140:797-805. [PMID: 36201763 PMCID: PMC9588770 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of interpersonal violence experienced by pregnant and postpartum individuals with physical disabilities, sensory disabilities, or intellectual or developmental disabilities with those without disabilities, and to examine whether a prepregnancy history of interpersonal violence puts individuals with disabilities, at excess risk of interpersonal violence in the perinatal period. METHOD This population-based study included all individuals aged 15-49 years with births in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2019. Individuals with physical (n=147,414), sensory (n=47,459), intellectual or developmental (n=2,557), or multiple disabilities (n=9,598) were compared with 1,594,441 individuals without disabilities. The outcome was any emergency department visit, hospital admission, or death related to physical, sexual, or psychological violence between fertilization and 365 days postpartum. Relative risks (RRs) were adjusted for baseline social and health characteristics. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was estimated from the joint effects of disability and prepregnancy violence history; RERI>0 indicated positive interaction. RESULTS Individuals with physical (0.8%), sensory (0.7%), intellectual or developmental (5.3%), or multiple disabilities (1.8%) were more likely than those without disabilities (0.5%) to experience perinatal interpersonal violence. The adjusted RR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.31-1.50) in those with physical disabilities, 2.39 (95% CI 1.98-2.88) in those with intellectual or developmental disabilities, and 1.96 (95% CI 1.66-2.30) in those with multiple disabilities. Having both a disability and any violence history produced a positive interaction for perinatal interpersonal violence (adjusted RERI 0.87; 95% CI 0.47-1.29). CONCLUSION The perinatal period is a time of relative high risk for interpersonal violence among individuals with pre-existing disabilities, especially those with a history of interpersonal violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K. Brown
- Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natasha Saunders
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Edwin SH Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kelly Leslie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simone N. Vigod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Astrid Guttmann
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Edwin SH Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M. Havercamp
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Susan L. Parish
- College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Joel G. Ray
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Johnson E, Jenssen S, Wernette GT, Tweel T, Johnson D, Zlotnick C. Web-based intervention to reduce intimate partner violence during perinatal period: A modified protocol in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114895. [PMID: 37406076 PMCID: PMC9556943 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal women are at increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), associated with psychiatric disorders and partner revictimization. We describe changes that were made, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to an in-person randomized controlled study of perinatal women with IPV who had sought mental health treatment in the last year. All phases of the study's in-person delivered computerized protocol were modified for remote delivery. Special attention was given to study participants' privacy and safety, especially with regard to the use of technology. We describe study protocol and consent procedures that were made to accommodate remote delivery of the study. All phases of remote delivery of the study have been implemented successfully and safely. Compared to the first three months of in-person delivery, the first three months of remote recruitment found that more participants were screened (69% vs. 36%) and more were enrolled in the study (13% vs. 8%). To our knowledge, this is the first remote delivered study involving participants with IPV to use the 5-item Danger Assessment and a spyware and stalkerware survey as screening tools. We demonstrate that remote delivery can reduce the risk of compromising the safety and privacy of study participants with IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Johnson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sofia Jenssen
- Department of Medicine, Women and Infant's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Tasneem Tweel
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dawn Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Caron Zlotnick
- Department of Medicine, Women and Infant's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alhalal H, Alhalal E, Alhaizan M, Alghuson L, Alahmari M, Alkhayyal N, Akkour K. Intimate Partner Violence and Its Associations with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP14457-NP14484. [PMID: 33858253 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211005144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a significant issue. Nevertheless, the prevalence of IPV and its adverse outcomes in pregnant women in Saudi Arabia are not well documented. This study examines the prevalence of IPV, its relationship with women's background characteristics, and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 684 women who were either pregnant or in the first six weeks postpartum in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. IPV severity was measured using the Composite Abuse Scale. The results showed that 28.9% of the women included in this study experienced IPV. Smoking habit, income, polygamous marriage, presence of chronic diseases and sexual dysfunction, and number of children were significantly associated with IPV severity. In each one-unit increase in total IPV severity, the possibility of the occurrence of preterm labor, vaginal bleeding, dehydration, gestational diabetes, urinary tract infection, spontaneous abortion, and intrauterine growth retardation significantly increases. Furthermore, regarding the types of abuse, we found that for each one-unit increase in verbal abuse, the possibility of the occurrence of preterm labor, dehydration, urinary tract infection, and intrauterine growth retardation significantly increases. Moreover, for each one-unit increase in physical abuse and one-unit increase in controlling behavior, the possibility of the occurrence of intrauterine growth retardation significantly increases. The current results highlight the importance of paying substantial attention to IPV and its types as a health issue that increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women. A clinical assessment during pregnancy is needed to identify and manage cases of IPV survivors and ultimately reduce their risk of IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Alhalal
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alhalal
- King Saud University, Nursing College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Khalid Akkour
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Katou H, Kataoka Y. Intimate partner violence and the situation of women experiencing intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of Japanese clinician views. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2022; 20:e12506. [PMID: 35851728 PMCID: PMC9349717 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major global threat to women's health. Stay-at-home orders during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were associated with an increase in IPV. The purpose of this study was to clarify IPV and the situation of women experiencing IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. METHODS A semi-structured interview was conducted with five healthcare providers who gave support to women experiencing IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed in accordance with thematic analysis methodology. RESULTS Two categories concerning IPV and the situation of women experiencing IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic emerged from analysis of interviews: (1) the possibility that IPV might change during the pandemic; and (2) barriers that prevent women getting support. "Possibility that IPV might change during the pandemic" consisted of three subcategories: "Male partner takes his stress out on her"; "Male partner forced her out of the home"; and "Conflict occurred more easily at home". "Barriers that prevent women getting support" had four subcategories: "Difficulty in accessing outside support"; "Restricted access to get care due to financial difficulties"; "Lack of support from her family"; and "Women experience a loss of energy". CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were barriers to provide support for women despite increased IPV. Healthcare providers should support women using effective methods to protect women's health and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Katou
- Kansai Medical University Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Yaeko Kataoka
- St. Luke's International University, Women's Health & MidwiferyTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Da Thi Tran T, Murray L, Van Vo T. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and maternal and child health outcomes: a scoping review of the literature from low-and-middle income countries from 2016 - 2021. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:315. [PMID: 35418053 PMCID: PMC9006493 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is significantly associated with negative outcomes for both mother and child. Current evidence indicates an association between low levels of social support and IPV, however there is less evidence from low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) than high-income countries. Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has radically altered how women can access social support. Hence since 2020, studies investigating IPV and pregnancy have occurred within the changing social context of the pandemic. Objective This scoping review summarizes the evidence from LMICs about the effects of IPV during pregnancy on maternal and child health. The review includes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social support as mentioned in studies conducted since 2020. Design Library databases were used to identify papers from 2016 to 2021. These studies reported the maternal and child health outcomes of IPV during pregnancy, and described how social support during pregnancy, and the COVID-19 pandemic, were associated with rates of IPV during pregnancy. Observational study designs, qualitative and mixed methods studies were included. Results Twenty - six studies from 13 LMICs were included. Half (n = 13) were cross sectional studies which only collected data at one time-point. IPV during pregnancy was significantly associated with higher odds of postpartum depression, low birth weight, preterm birth and less breastfeeding in the year after birth. Lower levels of social support increased the odds of experiencing IPV during pregnancy, whilst higher levels of social support reduced antenatal anxiety and depression in women experiencing IPV during pregnancy. Of the four studies that investigated IPV during pregnancy throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, only one compared prevalence before and after the pandemic and unexpectedly reported a lower prevalence. Conclusions Further research on the impact of IPV during pregnancy on maternal and child outcomes in LMICs is required, especially evidence from longitudinal studies investigating a wider range of outcomes. To date, there is limited evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on IPV during pregnancy in LMICs, and this should be prioritized as the pandemic continues to affect women’s access to social support globally. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04604-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao Da Thi Tran
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Linda Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
| | - Thang Van Vo
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McNaughton Reyes HL, Maman S, Kajula LJ, Mulawa M. The Intersection of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Young Men in Tanzania: A Latent Class Analysis of Patterns and Outcomes. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:512-522. [PMID: 34342741 PMCID: PMC8810910 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Few studies of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and sexual risk behavior among men have examined how multiple dimensions of these behaviors intersect in ways that may uniquely elevate health risks. The current study used latent class analysis to: (1) identify distinct patterns of IPV and sexual risk behavior in a sample of Tanzanian men (n = 985) and (2) examine associations between identified patterns and health outcomes. Four classes were identified: normative (64% of the sample), IPV only (14%), sexual risk only (13%), and comorbid IPV/sexual risk (5%). Compared to men in the normative subgroup, men in the comorbid group had significantly higher odds of STI infection, higher perceived HIV risk, and greater odds of substance use. Findings provide evidence that engaging in IPV and multiple sexual partnerships (i.e., a comorbid pattern) denotes elevated health risks across a range of indicators, suggesting the importance of targeted treatment and prevention efforts for men in this subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7440, USA.
| | - Suzanne Maman
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7440, USA
| | | | - Marta Mulawa
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Boyacioğlu NE, Günaydın S, Özcan NK, Dinç Kaya H. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1515-1527. [PMID: 34076899 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the present research was to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) in Turkey by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS In the current research, 22 primary studies published between January 2005 and January 2019 were investigated. FINDINGS Low educational and income levels of both the woman and her partner, unintended marriage and pregnancy, living in a crowded family, a high number of children and a history of violence, unemployment of the partner, and the consumption of alcohol are the most significant risk factors of IPVP. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study shows that violence against women, which is a serious problem in Turkey as well as all over the world, also continues in a critical period, such as the pregnancy period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Elçin Boyacioğlu
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Günaydın
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Keser Özcan
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüsniye Dinç Kaya
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lévesque S, Boulebsol C, Lessard G, Bigaouette M, Fernet M, Valderrama A. Portrayal of Domestic Violence Trajectories During the Perinatal Period. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:1542-1564. [PMID: 34130557 PMCID: PMC8941718 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211014564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Domestic violence during the perinatal period (DVPP) refers to the various ways
that women’s partners or ex-partners control and coerce them during pregnancy
and the 2 years postpartum. From the descriptions of 17 women with firsthand
experience of DVPP, this article reports on its manifestations and the
associated contexts. The results reveal escalating violence, diverse forms of
violence, and exacerbated consequences over the perinatal period. The contexts
that pose additional challenges for the women include financial precariousness
and the partner’s substance abuse, and to a lesser extent the residential
situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mylene Bigaouette
- Federation des maisons d'hébergement pour femmes, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Miller L, Contreras-Urbina M. Exploring the determinants and outcomes of intimate partner violence during pregnancy for Guyanese women: Results from a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e6. [PMID: 33790954 PMCID: PMC7993238 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine predictors associated with physical violence during pregnancy, and to determine the relationship between exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and women's health and suicide ideation in Guyana. METHODS A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional household survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to the data to estimate the association between physical violence during pregnancy, controlling partner behavior, and other predictors. Ordered logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the association between physical violence during pregnancy and women's health, and lifetime physical partner violence and overall health. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate associations between physical violence during pregnancy and lifetime physical partner violence and overall health and suicide ideation. RESULTS The prevalence of lifetime physical/sexual intimate partner violence was 38.8%, current physical/sexual intimate partner violence 11.1%, and violence during pregnancy 9.2%. Controlling partner behavior was significantly and positively associated with maternal experience of physical violence during pregnancy. Experiencing physical partner violence during pregnancy, but not lifetime physical partner violence, was associated with significantly increased odds of poor overall health. Physical violence during pregnancy and lifetime physical violence were both significantly associated with increased odds of suicide ideation. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of violence during pregnancy in Guyana is high and is associated with adverse health outcomes. These findings suggest the need for intimate partner violence prevention, and for integrating intimate partner violence screening and treatment into antenatal care, reproductive health services, and maternal and child health programs and services to identify and treat at-risk women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lior Miller
- George Washington UniversityWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaGeorge Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
| | - Manuel Contreras-Urbina
- The World BankWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaThe World Bank, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
De Berardis D, Gianfelice G, Fornaro M, Vellante F, Ventriglio A, Marini G, Pettorruso M, Martinotti G, Fraticelli S, Di Giannantonio M. A Possible Next Covid-19 Pandemic: The Violence Against Women and Its Psychiatric Consequences. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:650671. [PMID: 34248699 PMCID: PMC8267523 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Berardis
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini, " Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4, Teramo, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Gianfelice
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini, " Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriella Marini
- ANAAO Assomed Syndicate, Women Section, Hospice and Palliative Therapy Unit, ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Fraticelli
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Musa A, Chojenta C, Loxton D. The association between intimate partner violence and low birth weight and preterm delivery in eastern Ethiopia: Findings from a facility-based study. Midwifery 2020; 92:102869. [PMID: 33152597 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and low birth weight and preterm birth among women who gave birth in public hospitals in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted among women who gave birth in public hospitals in Harari region. PARTICIPANTS Women aged 16-45 years who gave birth in hospitals from November 2018 to April 2019. SETTING Two public hospitals in Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia MEASUREMENT: Intimate partner violence was measured using a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women. Binary and multiple logistic regression was performed to establish the association between intimate partner violence and low birth weight and preterm birth. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The level of significance was set at a p-value of <0.05. RESULTS In this study, 39% of women reported experiencing partner violence during their most recent pregnancy. The prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight were found to be 18.9% and 12.01%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, women who experienced any intimate partner violence during pregnancy were 1.62 times (AOR = 1.62, 95%CI= 1.22, 2.78) more likely to give birth prematurely and 1.37 times (AOR= 1.37, 95%CI=1.73, 2.57) more likely to have a low birth weight infant relative to women who did not experience intimate partner violence during pregnancy. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The results underscore the need for including intimate partner violence prevention as an important strategy to reduce child mortality and morbidity. Screening pregnant women for intimate partner violence and providing support for women who have experienced violence might be helpful in tackling prematurity and low birth weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbasit Musa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Catherine Chojenta
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Deborah Loxton
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pheiffer C, Dias S, Adam S. Intimate Partner Violence: A Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217843. [PMID: 33114711 PMCID: PMC7663316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The early detection and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important public health goal. GDM, which is defined as a glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy, affects about 14% of pregnancies globally, and without effective treatment, it is associated with adverse short- and long-term maternal and neonatal outcomes. Risk-factor screening is an acceptable and affordable strategy to enable risk stratification and intervention. However, common biological risk factors such as overweight or obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and family history of diabetes often have poor predictive ability, failing to identify a large proportion of women at risk of developing GDM. Accumulating evidence implicate psychosocial factors in contributing to GDM risk. As such, intimate partner violence (IPV), through its contributing effects on maternal stress and depression, presents a plausible risk factor for GDM. Experiencing IPV during pregnancy may dysregulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to increased cortisol secretion and insulin resistance. These effects may exacerbate the insulin-resistant environment characteristic of pregnancy, thus increasing GDM risk. This review explores the relationship between IPV and GDM. We highlight studies that have linked IPV with GDM and propose a biological mechanism that connects IPV and GDM. Recommendations for IPV screening strategies to prevent GDM are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-938-0292
| | - Stephanie Dias
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Sumaiya Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pastor-Moreno G, Ruiz-Pérez I, Henares-Montiel J, Petrova D. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of fetal and neonatal death: a meta-analysis with socioeconomic context indicators. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:123-133.e5. [PMID: 31394067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to summarize the results from observational studies examining the risk of fetal and neonatal death (perinatal death) as a function of the experience of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and examine the influence of socioeconomic context indicators on this association. DATA SOURCES Bibliographic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS until March 2019. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We considered observational studies that provided data on the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and perinatal death. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Information collected included study characteristics, type, and prevalence of intimate partner violence and the reported association between intimate partner violence and perinatal death. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Two reviewers independently conducted all review procedures; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Meta-analyses were conducted based on the specific type of intimate partner violence (physical, psychological, sexual, unspecified) and also based on any type of intimate partner violence, considering 1 effect size per study, regardless of the type of intimate partner violence analyzed. Meta-regression analyses were performed to assess the possible effects of socioeconomic context. The proportion of deaths attributable to the exposure of intimate partner violence based on the crude data from the 3 cohort studies available also was calculated. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included. The random-effects model showed a statistically significant increase in the odds of perinatal death among women exposed to unspecified intimate partner violence (odds ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.88-5.38), physical intimate partner violence (odds ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.76-3.44), and any type of intimate partner violence during pregnancy (odds ratio, 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 2.03-4.10). Meta-regression analysis showed stronger associations in countries with higher gross domestic product (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.04) and a higher percentage of health expenditure (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.46). The proportion of deaths attributable to exposure to intimate partner violence in cohort studies was attributable proportion, 60%; 95% confidence interval, 15-81%. CONCLUSION Pregnant women who experience intimate partner violence during pregnancy may be about 3 times more likely to suffer perinatal death compared with women who do not experience intimate partner violence. It should be a priority to include intimate partner violence screenings or other detection strategies in pregnancy monitoring or family-planning programs because these could help avoid preventable perinatal deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Center in Network of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Pérez
- Biomedical Research Center in Network of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada.
| | | | - Dafina Petrova
- Biomedical Research Center in Network of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada
| |
Collapse
|