1
|
Bolivar S, Espitia-Corredor JA, Olivares-Silva F, Valenzuela P, Humeres C, Anfossi R, Castro E, Vivar R, Salas-Hernández A, Pardo-Jiménez V, Díaz-Araya G. In cardiac fibroblasts, interferon-beta attenuates differentiation, collagen synthesis, and TGF-β1-induced collagen gel contraction. Cytokine 2020; 138:155359. [PMID: 33160814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play a key role in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix in cardiac tissue and are newly recognized as inflammatory supporter cells. Besides, CF-to-Cardiac myofibroblast differentiation is commanded by TGF-b, through SMAD signaling pathways, and these last cells are strongly implicated in cardiac fibrosis. In the heart IFN-β is produced by CF; however, the role of IFN-β, STAT proteins, and STAT-homo or heterodimers in the regulation of CF function with or without a fibrotic environment is unknown. CF were isolated from hearts of adult rats, and by western blot analysis we studied STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 phosphorylation and through specific siRNA against these proteins we analyzed their role in CF functions such as differentiation (α-SMA expression); and pro-collagen type-I synthesis and secretion expression levels; collagen gels contraction and CF migration. In cultured adult rats CF, IFN-β increases phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3. Both STAT1 and STAT2 were involved in decreasing α-SMA and CF migration induced by TGF-β1. Also, IFN-β through STAT1 regulated pro-collagen type-I protein expression levels, and collagen gels contraction induced by TGF-β1. STAT3 was not involved in any effects of IFN-β studied. In conclusion, IFN-β through STAT1 and STAT2 shows antifibrotic effects on CF TGF-β1-treated, whereas STAT3 did not participate in such effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bolivar
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - J A Espitia-Corredor
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Olivares-Silva
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Valenzuela
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Humeres
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Anfossi
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Castro
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Vivar
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Salas-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Pardo-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Díaz-Araya
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aghajani A, Kazemi T, Enayatifard R, Amiri FT, Narenji M. Investigating the skin penetration and wound healing properties of niosomal pentoxifylline cream. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105434. [PMID: 32590122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wounds are defined as any injuries to the skin. Wounds can cause great inconvenience and health problems for the patients depending on the healing time and severity. This makes wound healing and the strategies to treat a wound or reduce their treatment time, an important concern in health care systems. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been reported to facilitate the wound healing in systemic administration. Different cellular and immunological mechanisms have been reported and suggested regarding the promising effects of PTX. On the other hand, the topical application of PTX seems to improve its therapeutic efficiency by localizing the drug on the wound site. In this study, PTX-niosomes were prepared and characterized. Niosomes with Zavg of 150, 200, and 300 nm were incorporated into the base cold cream. In-vitro release of PTX from these formulations was obtained between 70 -100%. Ex-vivo penetration/retention studies showed that niosomal formulations (F6 and F7) increased penetration of PTX by 1.8 and 1.2 times, respectively in comparison with the PTX-conventional cream. Retention of PTX from both niosomal creams was about 2 times higher than the PTX-conventional cream. In -vivo studies on the full-thickness wound in BALB/c mice showed that PTX-niosomal creams shortened the duration of wound healing by two days compared to control groups (PTX-conventional cream, base cream, and no treatment). The final wound size in the niosomal cream-treated group was also significantly smaller than the control groups. Histological analysis of the wounds confirmed the results of in-vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghajani
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Tabassom Kazemi
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Reza Enayatifard
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular and Cell Biology Research, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahsa Narenji
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran; Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Limmer EE, Glass DA. A Review of Current Keloid Management: Mainstay Monotherapies and Emerging Approaches. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020; 10:931-948. [PMID: 32705533 PMCID: PMC7477022 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-020-00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly affecting those with skin of color, keloids are an aberrant wound response that leads to wound tissue expanding above and beyond the original cutaneous injury. Keloids are notoriously and particularly difficult to treat because of their tendency to recur after excision. The current standard of care is intralesional steroid (triamcinolone acetonide). However, because no therapy has yet proven to be fully curative, keloid treatments have expanded to include a number of options, from injections to multimodal approaches. This review details current treatment of keloids with injections (bleomycin, verapamil, hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase, botulinum toxin, and collagenase), cryotherapy, laser, radiofrequency ablation, radiation, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, pentoxifylline, and dupilumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Limmer
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Donald A Glass
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin X, Li Q, Wei H, Chen N, Wu S, Yuan Y, Liu B, Chen C, Bi H, Guo D. Zinc oxide nanoparticles ameliorate collagen lattice contraction in human tenon fibroblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 669:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
5
|
Mirkov I, Popov Aleksandrov A, Demenesku J, Ninkov M, Mileusnic D, Kataranovski D, Kataranovski M. Warfarin affects acute inflammatory response induced by subcutaneous polyvinyl sponge implantation in rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017; 36:283-288. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2016.1275664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mirkov
- Ecology Department, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Ecology Department, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Jelena Demenesku
- Ecology Department, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Marina Ninkov
- Ecology Department, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Dina Mileusnic
- Ecology Department, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Dragan Kataranovski
- Ecology Department, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, and
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Ecology Department, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matsuzaki S, Hiratsuka T, Taniguchi M, Shingaki K, Kubo T, Kiya K, Fujiwara T, Kanazawa S, Kanematsu R, Maeda T, Takamura H, Yamada K, Miyoshi K, Hosokawa K, Tohyama M, Katayama T. Physiological ER Stress Mediates the Differentiation of Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123578. [PMID: 25928708 PMCID: PMC4416017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulating reports have suggested the importance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling in the differentiation of several tissues and cells, including myoblasts and osteoblasts. Secretory cells are easily subjected to ER stress during maturation of their secreted proteins. Skin fibroblasts produce and release several proteins, such as collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and the production of these proteins is increased at wound sites. Differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is one of the key factors for wound healing and that TGF-β can induce fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, which express α-smooth muscle actin. Well-differentiated myofibroblasts show increased production of collagen and TGF-β, and bring about wound healing. In this study, we examined the effects of ER stress signaling on the differentiation of fibroblasts, which is required for wound healing, using constitutively ER stress-activated primary cultured fibroblasts. The cells expressed positive α-smooth muscle actin signals without TGF-β stimulation compared with control fibroblasts. Gel-contraction assays suggested that ER stress-treated primary fibroblasts caused stronger shrinkage of collagen gels than control cells. These results suggest that ER stress signaling could accelerate the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts at injured sites. The present findings may provide important insights for developing therapies to improve wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toru Hiratsuka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Taniguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Shingaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Research & Development, Noevir Co., Ltd., Higashiomi, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tateki Kubo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kiya
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kanazawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kanematsu
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tameyasu Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Takamura
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohe Yamada
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ko Miyoshi
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ko Hosokawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Tohyama
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Oriental Medicine, Kinki University, Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiichi Katayama
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim SH, Baek MS, Yoon DS, Park JS, Yoon BW, Oh BS, Park J, Kim HJ. Vitamin D Inhibits Expression and Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Human Lung Fibroblasts (HFL-1) Cells. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2014; 77:73-80. [PMID: 25237378 PMCID: PMC4165663 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2014.77.2.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of serum vitamin D is associated with several lung diseases. The production and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of emphysema. The aim of the current study therefore is to investigate if vitamin D modulates the expression and activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) cells. METHODS HFL-1 cells were cast into three-dimensional collagen gels and stimulated with or without interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the presence or absence of 100 nM 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for 48 hours. Trypsin was then added into the culture medium in order to activate MMPs. To investigate the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, gelatin zymography was performed. The expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 mRNA was quantified by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IL-1β significantly stimulated MMP-9 production and mRNA expression. Trypsin converted latent MMP-2 and MMP-9 into their active forms of MMP-2 (66 kDa) and MMP-9 (82 kDa) within 24 hours. This conversion was significantly inhibited by 25(OH)D (100 nM) and 1,25(OH)2D (100 nM). The expression of MMP-9 mRNA was also significantly inhibited by 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. CONCLUSION Vitamin D, 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH)2D play a role in regulating human lung fibroblast functions in wound repair and tissue remodeling through not only inhibiting IL-1β stimulated MMP-9 production and conversion to its active form but also inhibiting IL-1β inhibition on TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hwa Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Moon Seong Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Dong Sik Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jong Seol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Byoung Su Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jinkyeong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Hui Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evaluating the effects of pentoxifylline administration on experimental pressure sores in rats by biomechanical examinations. Lab Anim Res 2012; 28:209-15. [PMID: 23091522 PMCID: PMC3469850 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2012.28.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used a biomechanical test to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline administration on the wound healing process of an experimental pressure sore induced in rats. Under general anesthesia and sterile conditions, experimental pressure sores generated by no. 25 Halsted mosquito forceps were inflicted on 12 adult male rats. Pentoxifylline was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily from the day the pressure sore was generated, for a period of 20 days. At the end of 20 days, rats were sacrificed and skin samples extracted. Samples were biomechanically examined by a material testing instrument for maximum stress (N mm2), work up to maximum force (N), and elastic stiffness (N/mm). In the experimental group, maximum stress (2.05±0.15) and work up to maximum force (N/mm) (63.75±4.97) were significantly higher than the control group (1.3±0.27 and 43.3±14.96, P=0.002 and P=0.035, respectively). Pentoxifylline administration significantly accelerated the wound healing process in experimental rats with pressure sores, compared to that of the control group.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ra JE, Lee JK, Kim HJ. Simvastatin as a Modulator of Tissue Remodeling through Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Release from Human Lung Fibroblasts. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2011.71.3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Ra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Ji Kyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Hui Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Flickinger JC. A radiobiological analysis of multicenter data for postoperative keloid radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 79:1164-70. [PMID: 20472370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify factors significantly affecting recurrence rates after postoperative external beam radiotherapy (XRT) of keloids, and to delineate any radiation dose response and effects of radiation dose per fraction. METHODS AND MATERIALS A comprehensive literature review was performed to compile a database of 2,515 resected keloids (36.9% earlobe). Postoperative XRT was 45- to 100-kV X-rays in 27.0% or 120- to 250-kV X-rays in 11.1%, Co-60 in 1.9%, Sr-90 in 4.7%, 1.5- to 9-MeV electrons in 26.5%, and no XRT in 28.8%. In the 1,791 irradiated patients, the median radiation parameters were as follows: total dose, 15 Gy (range, 6-30 Gy); dose per fraction, 5.0 Gy (range, 2-15 Gy); fractions, 3 (range, 1-10); and time, 7 days (range, 0-33 days). RESULTS Multivariate stepwise logistic regression correlated decreased keloid recurrence with earlobe location (p = 1.98E-10; odds ratio, 0.34), biologically effective dose (p = 1.01E-27), and treatment with electron beam or Co-60 vs. other techniques (p = 0.0014; odds ratio, 0.72). Different radiobiological models calculated values of α/β = 1.12 to 2.86 (mean, 2.08) and time (repopulation) correction factors for biologically effective dose from 0.98 to 2.13 Gy per day (mean, 1.34) starting 10 days after surgery. Different models (with α/β = 2.08) predicted that doses needed for 90% and 95% control with 3 fractions of postoperative electron beam were 16.0 to 16.2 Gy and 18.3 to 19.2 Gy, respectively, in less than 10 days for earlobe keloids and 21.5 to 22.2 Gy and 23.4 to 24.8 Gy, respectively, in less than 10 days for other sites. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative keloid radiotherapy requires moderately high doses and optimal technique to be effective. The relatively low α/β ratio indicates that radiotherapy with a limited number of fractions and high doses per fraction is the best strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Flickinger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahearne M, Liu KK, El Haj AJ, Then KY, Rauz S, Yang Y. Online Monitoring of the Mechanical Behavior of Collagen Hydrogels: Influence of Corneal Fibroblasts on Elastic Modulus. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:319-27. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ahearne
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Kuo-Kang Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Kong Y. Then
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jansen RG, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Von den Hoff JW. Interferon- -loaded collagen scaffolds reduce myofibroblast numbers in rat palatal mucosa. Eur J Orthod 2010; 33:1-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
13
|
Nedelec B, De Oliveira A, Saint-Cyr M, Garrel DR. Differential Effect of Burn Injury on Fibroblasts from Wounds and Normal Skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 119:2101-2109. [PMID: 17519707 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000260592.31969.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are well-recognized fluctuations in the systemic concentration of cytokines and growth factors after burn injuries, the effect on wound-healing potential in patients is not well understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the proliferation rate and response of wound and dermal fibroblasts to cytokines in burn patients compared with normal subjects. METHODS Polyvinyl alcohol sponges were implanted subcutaneously in normal subjects and burn patients soon after admission. Sponges were removed for wound fibroblast explantation after 12 days. At the same time, a small piece of skin was excised for dermal fibroblast explantation. Fibroblast proliferation was then quantified after exposure to 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% fetal bovine serum, interleukin-1, transforming growth factor-beta1, or interferon-alpha2b. RESULTS Normal subjects' dermal fibroblasts (n = 7) exposed to 10% fetal bovine serum showed significantly increased proliferation relative to normal subjects' wound fibroblasts (n = 3) (p < 0.0005), burn patients' dermal fibroblasts (n = 5) (p < 0.05), and burn patients' wound fibroblasts (n = 5) (p < 0.0001). Burn patients' dermal fibroblast proliferation was also significantly augmented relative to burn patients' wound fibroblasts (p < 0.005); however, there was no significant difference between the two wound fibroblast types. Proliferation of burn subjects' fibroblasts was significantly enhanced with the addition of interleukin-1 and significantly decreased for dermal fibroblasts with interferon-alpha2b. A significant elevation of proliferation with transforming growth factor-beta1 was seen only with burn patients' dermal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that systemic mediators markedly alter the proliferation potential of dermal fibroblasts but not of wound fibroblasts. However, the wound environment substantially alters both the proliferation rate and the responsiveness of fibroblasts to cytokines. Thus, the data support the value of using wound fibroblasts during preliminary in vitro experiments to investigate wound-healing modification by cytokine manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Nedelec
- Montréal, Québec, Canada; and Dallas, Texas From the School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University; Centre des Grands Brûlés, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal-Hôtel Dieu; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; and Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tian J, Wong KKY, Ho CM, Lok CN, Yu WY, Che CM, Chiu JF, Tam PKH. Topical Delivery of Silver Nanoparticles Promotes Wound Healing. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:129-36. [PMID: 17075952 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process and has been the subject of intense research for a long time. The recent emergence of nanotechnology has provided a new therapeutic modality in silver nanoparticles for use in burn wounds. Nonetheless, the beneficial effects of silver nanoparticles on wound healing remain unknown. We investigated the wound-healing properties of silver nanoparticles in an animal model and found that rapid healing and improved cosmetic appearance occur in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, through quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and proteomic studies, we showed that silver nanoparticles exert positive effects through their antimicrobial properties, reduction in wound inflammation, and modulation of fibrogenic cytokines. These results have given insight into the actions of silver and have provided a novel therapeutic direction for wound treatment in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Management of hypertrophic scars and keloids has advanced from crude, invasive methods such as gross excision and radiation to intralesional or topical agents that act on a cellular level. There is no universally accepted treatment regimen and no evidence-based literature to guide management. Our objectives are to present a list of available treatment regimens, their proposed mechanisms of action, and supporting evidence and to perform a meta-analysis of clinical trials to identify treatments with a better-than-even likelihood of improvement. We conducted a PubMed search through October 2005, identifying clinical studies of various treatments for hypertrophic scars and keloids. We graded the quality of each study, delineated the results into favorable vs nonfavorable, and calculated the statistical significance of the findings. The meta-analysis of 70 treatment series for various clinical measures showed a 70% chance of improvement with treatment; however, the mean amount of improvement to be expected was around 60%. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments. Most treatments for keloidal and hypertrophic scarring offer minimal likelihood of improvement. The magnitude of likely permanent improvement in any sign or symptom may be clinically meaningful but far short of cure. Novel therapies deserve further investigation but remain without proven benefit to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Leventhal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, and Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Di Vita G, Patti R, D'Agostino P, Caruso G, Arcara M, Buscemi S, Bonventre S, Ferlazzo V, Arcoleo F, Cillari E. Cytokines and growth factors in wound drainage fluid from patients undergoing incisional hernia repair. Wound Repair Regen 2006; 14:259-64. [PMID: 16808804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the dynamics of growth factor and cytokine secretion within the site of a surgical operation is important, as they play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of wound healing and are a target for modifying the repair response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of several cytokines and growth factors in the drainage wound fluid from patients undergoing incisional hernia repair: namely, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1alpha, IL-1 ra, interferon-gamma, vascular endothelial growth factors and basic fibroblast growth factor. Ten female patients with abdominal midline incisional hernia undergoing surgical repair were included in this study. In all cases, a closed-suction drain was inserted in the wound below the fascia and removed on postoperative day 4. Wound fluid was collected on postoperative days 1-4 and the amount was recorded each time. Growth factors and cytokines production was evaluated as the whole amount produced over a 24-hour period. In all patients, the amount of drain fluid from surgical wounds was more copious the first day after surgery, it decreased significantly afterward. The presence of all cytokines was highest on postoperative day 1, decreasing over the following days. More specifically, the production of IL-1 ra, IL-6, IL-1alpha, and IL-10 on postoperative day 1 fell sharply on postoperative days 3 and 4, whereas, after an initial reduction, interferon-gamma showed an increase from day 2 onward. Vascular endothelial-derived growth factor production increased progressively after the operation reaching statistical significance only on day 4. As for basic fibroblast growth factor, it showed an opposite pattern: it was higher on postoperative day 1 decreasing thereafter. This analysis of cytokine and growth factor production in the drain fluid will lead us to a better evaluation of the events that follow a surgical wound and to a better understanding of the healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Di Vita
- Surgical and Oncological Science Department, Division of General Surgery, University of Palermo, and Division of Clinical Pathology, V. Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fredriksson K, Liu XD, Lundahl J, Klominek J, Rennard SI, Skold CM. Red blood cells increase secretion of matrix metalloproteinases from human lung fibroblasts in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 290:L326-33. [PMID: 16403942 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00057.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue remodeling is an important process in many inflammatory and fibrotic lung disorders. RBC may in these conditions interact with extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblasts can produce and secrete matrix components, matrix-degrading enzymes (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Imbalance in matrix synthesis/degradation may result in rearrangement of tissue architecture and lead to diseases such as emphysema or fibrosis. Neutrophil elastase (NE), a protease released by neutrophils, is known to activate MMP. We hypothesized that RBC can stimulate secretion of MMPs from human lung fibroblasts and that NE can augment this effect. Human fetal lung fibroblasts were cultured in floating collagen gels with or without RBC. After 4 days, the culture medium was analyzed with gelatin zymography, Western blot, and ELISA for MMP-1, -2, -3 and TIMP-1, -2. RBC augmented NE-induced fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction compared with NE alone (18.4+/-1.6%, 23.7+/-1.4% of initial gel area, respectively). A pan-MMP inhibitor (GM-6001) completely abolished the stimulating effect of NE. Gelatin zymography showed that RBC stimulated MMP-2 activity and that NE enhanced conversion to the active form. Addition of GM-6001 completely inhibited MMP-2 activity in controls, whereas it only partially altered RBC-induced MMP activity. Western blot confirmed the presence of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in fibroblasts stimulated with RBC, and ELISA confirmed increased concentrations of pro-MMP-1. We conclude that stimulation of MMP secretion by fibroblasts may explain the ability of RBC to augment fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. This might be a potential mechanism by which hemorrhage in inflammatory conditions leads to ECM remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Fredriksson
- Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rawlins JM, Lam WL, Karoo RO, Naylor IL, Sharpe DT. Pentoxifylline inhibits mature burn scar fibroblasts in culture. Burns 2006; 32:42-5. [PMID: 16384653 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are thought to be (in part) responsible for the persisting contractile forces that result in burn contractures. Using monolayer and fibroblast populated collagen lattice (FPCL) models we subjected burn scar fibroblasts to the anti-fibrinolytic agent Pentoxifylline (PFX) in an attempt to reduce proliferation and contraction of these cells. Fibroblasts were isolated from mature burn scars at reconstructive surgery. Fibroblasts were grown in monolayer or incorporated into FPCL's and exposed to PFX. Fibroblast numbers and FPCL surface areas were calculated using digital photography and image analysis. PFX showed a dose-dependent inhibition of contraction and reduced proliferation of burn scar fibroblasts. In monolayer, cell number proliferation was markedly reduced. FPCL's containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml of PFX had relative surface areas of 31, 40, 43, 59, and 85%, respectively. One and 2 mg/ml FPCL's contracted significantly less than controls (p < 0.0001). This is the first study to show the dose-dependent effects of Pentoxifylline on the proliferation and contraction of burn scar fibroblasts. This study suggests that Pentoxifylline has a direct effect on inhibiting burn scar fibroblasts. Further study of PFX on burn scars will provide opportunities to reduce burn scar contractures in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Rawlins
- Plastic Surgery Department, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Hull HU16 5JQ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pullar CE, Isseroff RR. Beta 2-adrenergic receptor activation delays dermal fibroblast-mediated contraction of collagen gels via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. Wound Repair Regen 2005; 13:405-11. [PMID: 16008730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts actively contribute to wound healing by migrating to the wound, synthesizing extracellular matrices, and generating mechanical forces within the wound to initiate wound contraction. Fibroblast-seeded collagen gels provide an in vitro model to study wound contraction. The authors are evaluating the role of the adrenergic signaling system in cutaneous wound repair and recently found that beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) activation markedly decreases keratinocyte migration, an essential step in wound reepithelialization. Because the beta2-ARs are also expressed on dermal fibroblasts, a study was initiated to determine the effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on dermal fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. A beta-agonist (isoproterenol) delayed gel contraction in a dose-dependent manner. A beta2-AR specific antagonist (ICI 118,551) prevented the delay, indicating that the beta2-AR alone mediated the delay. The active cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog also delayed collagen gel contraction, whereas an inactive cAMP analog partially prevented the delay, suggesting that the mechanism for beta-AR agonist-mediated delay was partly cAMP-dependent. Identifying and characterizing agents that modulate wound contraction improves understanding of the wound healing process and could result in novel therapeutic strategies for preventing unwanted wound contraction in burn and trauma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Pullar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stipcevic T, Piljac T, Isseroff RR. Di-rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays differential effects on human keratinocyte and fibroblast cultures. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 40:141-3. [PMID: 16199139 PMCID: PMC1592130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stipcevic
- TajCo Inc., 2323 Shasta Drive #40, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Dermatology, TB192, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- * Corresponding author. Tel: (+385)-1-483-4066; Fax: (+385)-1-481-3067; e- mail address: or or (T. Stipcevic)
| | - Tihana Piljac
- Department of Dermatology, TB192, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roslyn R. Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, TB192, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Di Vita G, Patti R, D'Agostino P, Arcoleo F, Caruso G, Arcara M, Davì V, Cillari E. Serum VEGF and b-FGF profiles after tension-free or conventional hernioplasty. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2005; 390:528-33. [PMID: 16180047 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-005-0578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is strongly influenced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), whose production is also regulated by interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modifications of serum VEGF, b-FGF, IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels in patients with inguinal hernia undergoing hernioplasty with the Lichtenstein technique (LH) using polypropylene mesh or with Bassini open conventional inguinal hernia repair (BH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomly, 16 patients underwent BH, and 16 were treated with the LH technique using polypropylene mesh. Blood samples were collected 24 h prior to surgery and then 6, 24, 48 and 168 h postoperatively. The serum concentrations of VEGF, b-FGF, IFN-gamma and IL-10 were evaluated. RESULTS In BH patients, a peak of VEGF synthesis at 6 h with a normalization of this parameter 24 h after surgery has been observed. In the same subjects, b-FGF synthesis increased after surgery reaching significant levels 48 h later. On the contrary, in LH patients, a decrease in the serum VEGF and b-FGF concentrations was detected after surgery and their increase afterwards. IL-10 was increased in both groups 6 h after operation and declined to preoperative levels 24 h afterwards. IFN-gamma enhanced in LH patients 6 h after surgery, whereas no modifications were detected in BH subjects. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study shows that VEGF and b-FGF modifications, associated with alterations of cytokine secretion, are detectable in human undergoing hernioplasty, and suggests that they could somehow influence in the wound-healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Di Vita
- Department of Surgery and Oncology 1st Division, University of Palermo P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brown KK, Raghu G. Medical treatment for pulmonary fibrosis: current trends, concepts, and prospects. Clin Chest Med 2005; 25:759-72, vii. [PMID: 15564021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) carries a poor prognosis, with our currently available therapies offering little clinical benefit. Unfortunately, recent major advances in our understanding of the clinical and biologic features of this disease have not been matched by similar advances in treatment. This is likely because of the complex cascade of biologic and pathobiologic events that occurs in IPF. The necessary, and desperately needed, next generation of therapies, focused on specific molecular targets thought to play pivotal roles in the development and progression of fibrosis, are under active investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Brown
- Interstitial Lung Disease Program, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Azuma A, Li YJ, Abe S, Usuki J, Matsuda K, Henmi S, Miyauchi Y, Ueda K, Izawa A, Sone S, Hashimoto S, Kudoh S. Interferon-{beta} inhibits bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by decreasing transforming growth factor-{beta} and thrombospondin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 32:93-8. [PMID: 15557019 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0374oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the result of abnormal processes of repair that occur after lung injury. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a key molecule in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Although clinical use of interferon (IFN)-beta did not improve survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, because some preclinical studies have suggested that IFN-beta is a potent inhibitor of fibrogenesis, beneficial effects of IFN-beta have been expected. We therefore attempted to determine effects of IFN-beta and investigated the mechanism of action of IFN-beta in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Bleomycin at Day 0 and IFN-beta for 4 wk were administered intravenously to ICR mice. At 28 d after bleomycin injection, histologic and chemical analysis was performed for evaluation of effects of IFN-beta. Tissue distribution and amounts of TGF-beta1 and thrombospondin (TSP)-1/2 were analyzed. IFN-beta attenuated prolylhydroxylase activity, resulting in inhibition of pulmonary fibrosis. Bleomycin-induced increase in TGF-beta1 in epithelial cells and extracellular matrix was attenuated by IFN-beta. TSP-1/2 was limited in platelets of control mice, but was present in foamy cells in fibrotic regions induced by bleomycin. These findings suggest that the antifibrotic effect of IFN-beta is inhibition of TGF-beta and its activation via decrease in TSP-1/2 in lung tissue and change in location of TSP-1/2 from platelets to foamy cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arata Azuma
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Carlson MA, Longaker MT. The fibroblast-populated collagen matrix as a model of wound healing: a review of the evidence. Wound Repair Regen 2004; 12:134-47. [PMID: 15086764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.012208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast-populated collagen matrix (FPCM) has been utilized as an in vitro model of wound healing for more than 2 decades. It offers a reasonable approximation of the healing wound during the phases of established granulation tissue and early scar. The gross and microscopic morphology of the FPCM and the healing wound are similar at analogous phases. The processes of proliferation, survival/apoptosis, protein synthesis, and contraction act in similar directions in these two models, and the response to exogenous agents also is consistent between them. If its limitations are respected, then the FPCM can be used as a model of the healing wound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center and the Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Efron PA, Moldawer LL. Cytokines and wound healing: the role of cytokine and anticytokine therapy in the repair response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 25:149-60. [PMID: 15091141 DOI: 10.1097/01.bcr.0000111766.97335.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is an integrated and complex process involving a large number of regulatory molecules, including proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and an orchestrated tissue response. Dysregulation in cytokine or growth factor expression dramatically alters the normal wound healing process, and blocking the inappropriate production of specific proinflammatory cytokines or supplementing the milieu with increased quantities of growth factors has demonstrated the central role played by these mediators. Both protein-based and DNA-based (gene transfer) therapies are currently under clinical development as tools to improve the healing process. Although there has been some success with these approaches in both experimental models and in patients, only through a better understanding of the complexity and diversity of the wound healing process, as well as an improved comprehension of the time-dependent and concentration-dependent responses to individual proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors, will further development in the therapeutic treatment of healing wounds be attained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The renal glomerulus is composed of three types of glomerular cells (mesangial cell (MC), endothelial cell and podocyte) and extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangial matrix. It constitutes a highly specialized microcirculation in which the permeability characteristics of the capillary wall allow its unique filtration function. The proliferation of MCs, an increase of mesangial ECM and detachment podocyte from GBM are key biological features of progressive glomerulonephritis (GN), leading to glomerular scarring and dysfunction. Thus, the study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for pathological glomerular alterations may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that beta1 integrin family (beta1 integrins), that mainly mediates cell adhesion to ECM, controls cell behaviors such as cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis and ECM assembly. In addition, a correlation between glomerular expression of beta1 integrins and their ligand ECM components is observed in various human and experimental GN, suggesting that altered beta1 integrins-mediated cell behaviors may contribute to the progression of GN. It is now becoming apparent that the expression of glomerular beta1 integrins is not only critical for maintaining the glomerular capillary permeability but it modulates cell signaling pathways regulating the cell phenotypes involved in the progression of glomerular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
This article provides much evidence that the inflammatory process has direct effects on normal and abnormal wound healing. As better understanding develops for the mechanism for these outcomes, targeted proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory interventions are likely to be successful. When inflammation is maintained as a regulated and orchestrated response, effective and normal wound healing is likely to result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ginard Henry
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 1450 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hackam DJ, Ford HR. Cellular, biochemical, and clinical aspects of wound healing. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2003; 3 Suppl 1:S23-35. [PMID: 12573037 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2002.3.s1-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The response to tissue injury requires the symphonious interaction of immune cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, which unite to regenerate the damaged epithelium. Recent insights have elucidated the cellular and molecular mechanisms required for wound healing and have raised the prospect of novel therapeutic targets. METHODS Review of the pertinent literature. RESULTS The initial inflammatory response leads to the influx of macrophages and neutrophils, which release cytokines, growth factors, and nitric oxide, and induce nearby keratinocytes to migrate across the wounded epithelium. This process, known as re-epithelialization, requires integrin-mediated activation of Rho-GTPases. The subsequent influx of fibroblasts and endothelial cells results in the production of tissue stroma and formation of new blood vessels, which lead to the generation of functional tissue. Importantly, disease states associated with impaired or excessive wound healing can be attributed to defects in these responses, providing a rationale for the use of evidence-based biological therapies. CONCLUSION The elucidation of the cellular and biochemical response to wound healing is essential for an understanding to the treatment of clinical conditions during which impaired healing is encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hackam DJ, Ford HR. Cellular, Biochemical, and Clinical Aspects of Wound Healing. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2002. [DOI: 10.1089/10962960260496316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
|
30
|
Cornelissen AMH, Von den Hoff JW, Maltha JC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Effects of locally injected interferon-β on palatal mucoperiosteal wound healing. J Oral Pathol Med 2002; 31:518-25. [PMID: 12269990 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.00026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound contraction and scar formation in the palatal mucoperiosteum after cleft palate surgery impair maxillary growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of IFN-beta on palatal mucoperiosteal wound healing in growing rats. METHODS Standardized wounds were made in the palatal mucoperiosteum of young rats. Either IFN-beta or vehicle were injected at the wound site between 4 and 29 days after wounding. The results were compared with control wounds. Tissue samples were collected at 8, 15, 30, and 60 days PW for biochemical and microscopic analysis. RESULTS IFN-beta stimulated re-epithelialization but did not reduce the number of myofibroblasts or scar tissue formation. Surprisingly, the injection of vehicle alone delayed the healing process. CONCLUSION IFN-beta might be suitable to stimulate re-epithelialization but it does not reduce scar tissue formation in rat palatal wound healing. The injection of agents into palatal wounds might severely impair the healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M H Cornelissen
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Orion
- Dermatology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nedelec B, Shankowsky H, Scott PG, Ghahary A, Tredget EE. Myofibroblasts and apoptosis in human hypertrophic scars: the effect of interferon-alpha2b. Surgery 2001; 130:798-808. [PMID: 11685189 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2001.116453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scars (HSc) are a dermal fibroproliferative disorder that leads to considerable morbidity. Preliminary evidence suggests that interferon (IFN) may improve HSc clinically. The aims of this study were (1) to compare the cell density in HSc and in wounds that heal without the development of HSc (normotrophic scars), (2) to examine the presence of myofibroblasts and apoptosis in normotrophic and HSc scars over time, and (3) to determine if the systemic administration of IFN-alpha2b can induce apoptosis. METHODS Two groups of patients underwent serial tissue biopsies. Six burn patients were studied prospectively by obtaining biopsy specimens from wound granulation tissue, normal skin, post-burn HSc, and normotrophic scars (healed donor sites). A second patient group with HSc was treated with systemic IFN-alpha2b and had biopsy material taken before, during, and after IFN therapy. The tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and in situ DNA fragmentation terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for apoptosis. RESULTS The total numbers of fibroblasts in HSc were found to be similar to granulation tissue and twice that of normal skin and normotrophic scar. Over time the numbers of cells in HSc tissue decreased toward normal skin levels. There was a significantly higher percentage of fibroblasts staining for alpha-SMA in HSc as compared with normotrophic scar or normal skin obtained from the same patient (P >.05). Serial biopsy specimens of resolving HSc tissue obtained from the patients who received systemic IFN-alpha2b showed a general reduction in total number of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts associated with a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells compared with normal dermis from the same patient. CONCLUSIONS HSc tissues have greater numbers of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts than normal skin and normotrophic scars. As HSc remodels, the numbers of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts reduces, possibly by the induction of apoptosis. Systemic IFN-alpha2b may contribute to the resolution of HSc in part by the enhanced induction of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Nedelec
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu YK, Liu XD, Sköld CM, Umino T, Wang HJ, Spurzem JR, Kohyama T, Ertl RF, Rennard SI. Synergistic neutrophil elastase-cytokine interaction degrades collagen in three-dimensional culture. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 281:L868-78. [PMID: 11557590 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.4.l868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix is thought to play an important role in many lung disorders. In the current study, human lung fibroblasts were cast into type I collagen gels and floated in medium containing elastase, cytomix (combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interferon-gamma), or both. After 5 days, gel collagen content was determined by measuring hydroxyproline. Elastase alone did not result in collagen degradation, but in the presence of fibroblasts, elastase reduced hydroxyproline content to 75.2% (P < 0.01), whereas cytomix alone resulted in reduction of hydroxyproline content to 93% (P < 0.05). The combination of elastase and cytomix reduced hydroxyproline content to 5.2% (P < 0.01). alpha(1)-Proteinase inhibitor blocked this synergy. Gelatin zymography and Western blot revealed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -9 were induced by cytomix and activated in the presence of elastase. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 were also induced by cytomix but were cleaved by elastase. We conclude that a synergistic interaction between cytomix and elastase, mediated through cytokine induction of MMP production and elastase-induced activation of latent MMPs and degradation of TIMPs, can result in a dramatic augmentation of collagen degradation. These findings support the notion that interaction among inflammatory mediators secreted by mononuclear cells and neutrophils can induce tissue cells to degrade extracellular matrix. Such a mechanism may contribute to the protease-anti-protease imbalance in emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Zhu
- Jincheng Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Fibroproliferative lung disease is prevalent and associated with high mortality. The pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease involves inflammation, mesenchymal cell proliferation, and deposition of interstitial matrix components, such as collagen and fibronectin. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive medications have been routinely employed, but have demonstrated only marginal efficacy. Even though this information has been known for some time, the optimal medical regimen for treating pulmonary fibrosis remains largely undefined. This article addresses the rationale for, and efficacy of, antifibrotic regimens used to treat humans with fibrotic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Lasky
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Numerous inflammatory cytokines and growth factors have been identified and are known to be essential for normal wound healing and host defense, and many have been implicated in disease states treated by plastic surgeons. Cytokines and growth factors are members of a large functional group of polypeptide regulatory molecules secreted by different cell lines. These peptides exert their influence through autocrine and paracrine fashions within sites of injury and repair. Although cytokines and growth factors are crucial in initiating, sustaining, and regulating the postinjury response, these same molecules have been implicated in impaired wound healing, abnormal scarring, and chronic cutaneous diseases. Therapeutic manipulation of inflammatory mediators in normal and impaired wounds has been performed, with mixed clinical results, but evolving strategies such as gene therapy, as well as further characterization of the cellular-mechanism cytokines and growth-factor triggers, will further add to our therapeutic options. This article discusses the current understanding of important cytokines and growth factors involved in the normal injury response and then addresses pathological states associated with an inappropriate expression of these mediators. Finally, a summary of various cytokine and growth factor-directed strategies being used in impaired wound healing states is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V K Rumalla
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903-0019, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhu YK, Liu XD, Sköld MC, Umino T, Wang H, Romberger DJ, Spurzem JR, Kohyama T, Wen FQ, Rennard SI. Cytokine inhibition of fibroblast-induced gel contraction is mediated by PGE(2) and NO acting through separate parallel pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 25:245-53. [PMID: 11509336 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.25.2.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels is a model of the contraction that characterizes normal healing and remodeling after injury. In the current study, we evaluated the hypothesis that a number of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, and interferon (IFN)-gamma, modulate this process by induction of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and nitric oxide (NO) production and that these secondary mediators function in an autocrine or paracrine manner to modulate contraction. Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL) were cultured in type I collagen gels and floated in medium containing TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, or IFN-gamma alone or in combination (cytomix). All cytokines inhibited the contraction significantly. The potency order was IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma. The cytomix was no more potent than was IL-1 beta alone. PGE(2) production was increased by TNF-alpha (5.0 versus 0.16 ng/ml, P < 0.01), IL-1 beta (5.3 versus 0.16 ng/ml, P < 0.01), and cytomix (5.9 versus 0.16 ng/ml, P < 0.01), and was completely inhibited by indomethacin. Indomethacin (P < 0.05) and L-NG-monomethyl arginine citrate (L-NMMA) (P < 0.05) alone both partially attenuated the inhibition of contraction caused by cytokines alone or by cytomix. Indomethacin and L-NMMA together attenuated inhibition more than either alone (P < 0.05). Exogenous PGE(2) and exogenous NO donors (DETA nononate and 5-amino-3-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,3-oxadiazolium chloride) inhibited the contraction significantly. The protein kinase A inhibitor KT5270 and the protein kinase G inhibitor Rp-pCPT-cGMPS attenuated the inhibition induced by PGE(2) and NO, respectively. In summary, PGE(2) and NO appear to function in parallel as autocrine/paracrine mediators of cytokine-driven fibroblast inhibition of the contraction of collagen gels and may contribute to remodeling during repair and inflammation in lung disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Zhu
- Jincheng Hospital, Lan Zhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kagami S, Kondo S, Urushihara M, Löster K, Reutter W, Saijo T, Kitamura A, Kobayashi S, Kuroda Y. Overexpression of alpha1beta1 integrin directly affects rat mesangial cell behavior. Kidney Int 2000; 58:1088-97. [PMID: 10972673 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular mesangial cell (MC) proliferation, hypertrophy, and abnormal matrix remodeling characterized by increased expression of fibronectin, laminin and collagen type IV, and neoexpression of collagen I and III are the main biological features of progressive glomerulonephritis (GN). Especially, persistent pathological matrix remodeling may lead to glomerular scar formation (glomerular scarring). We reported recently that alpha1beta1 integrin, a major collagen receptor for MCs, may be a potential adhesion molecule for MC-mediated pathological collagen matrix remodeling in GN. METHODS To address further the direct role of alpha1beta1 integrin in MC behavior, such as cell growth and matrix remodeling, alpha1beta1 integrin was overexpressed in MCs by transfecting an expression vector containing a full-length rat alpha1 integrin cDNA. Flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation analysis were applied for selection of transfectants with a stable expression of the alpha1 integrin subunit. The effect of alpha1beta1 integrin overexpression on MC biology was examined with a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay, flow cytometric analysis of cell size and DNA content, Western blot analysis of a cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor, p27Kip1, alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, and a collagen gel contraction assay. RESULTS The alpha1 transfectants displayed a dramatic inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation as compared with the mock transfectants. Increased expression of the alpha1 subunit inversely correlated with cell cycle progression and paralleled the expression of p27Kip1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin, as well as the cell size in MCs. In addition, the alpha1-transfectants were able to enhance collagen matrix reorganization effectively. CONCLUSION These results indicate that MC-alpha1beta1 integrin expression is a critical determinant of MC phenotypes, including cell growth, cell size, and collagen matrix remodeling ability, and thereby contributes to scar matrix remodeling (sclerosis) in GN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan, and Institute für Molekularbiologie und Biochemi, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ghahary A, Tredget EE, Shen Q, Kilani RT, Scott PG, Takeuchi M. Liposome associated interferon-alpha-2b functions as an anti-fibrogenic factor in dermal wounds in the guinea pig. Mol Cell Biochem 2000; 208:129-37. [PMID: 10939636 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007054424400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha-2b) can be encapsulated in liposomes without compromising its anti-fibrogenic effects on dermal fibroblasts in vitro. This study was conducted to determine whether this preparation applied topically to guinea pig wounds can affect their healing. The rationale for this approach is that systemic administration of IFN-alpha-2b by injection for treatment of dermal fibrosis is uncomfortable, requires a large quantity of the cytokine and cannot be easily used in children. Liposomes are potentially useful vehicles for the topical delivery of drugs. Empty sonicated liposome vesicles were mixed with various concentrations of IFN-alpha-2b and then dried and rehydrated. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the efficiency of encapsulation and the stability of the preparation under experimental conditions. A total of 36 full thickness skin wounds (6/animal, 3 on each side) were made with an 8 mm disposable punch. Each wound on the right side received cream (100 mg/wound) containing 3000 units of liposome-encapsulated IFN-alpha-2b, while wounds on the left side received cream containing empty liposomes. There was a significant reduction in rate of contraction of wounds treated with IFN-alpha-2b as early as 5 days after wounding. This reduction remained significant up to 10 days. Northern analysis, used to evaluate the expression of mRNAs for type I and type III collagens in response to IFN-alpha-2b showed a marked reduction in abundance of the transcripts for the pro-alpha1(I) chain of type 1 collagen on days 11 and 14 after wounding. Similarly, the level of mRNA for type III procollagen was markedly reduced as early as day 7 and remained depressed up to day 14. These findings were consistent with results obtained for the total collagen content in tissue samples. Cellularity of the IFN-alpha-2b-treated wounds, assessed by vimentin content, was also markedly reduced at day 7 and remained depressed up to day 14. Liposome associated IFN-alpha-2b applied 5 days after completion of epithelialization reduced mRNA for the pro-alpha1(I) chain of type 1 collagen, confirming its transepidermal penetration and effectiveness. The activity of liposome-associated IFN-alpha-2b in vivo supports the concept of the topical use of this anti-fibrogenic agent for treatment of fibroproliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ghahary
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sumi Y, Muramatsu H, Hata K, Ueda M, Muramatsu T. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is a novel inhibitor of fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Exp Cell Res 2000; 256:203-12. [PMID: 10739667 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cultured epithelial cells, including those from the oral epithelium, have been successfully applied in the promotion of scarless wound healing. Factors released from the epithelial cells are thought to contribute significantly to the beneficial effects. In the conditioned medium of human oral epithelial cells, we found a factor that inhibited fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction, an in vitro model of wound healing and scar formation. Biochemical analysis identified the factor to be human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Fibroblasts transfected with SLPI cDNA showed reduced gel-contracting activity. SLPI purified from the conditioned medium inhibited gel contraction in a dose-dependent manner, and anti-SLPI antibody counteracted this activity. Upon SLPI treatment, human skin fibroblasts in collagen gel became shorter in length and were inhibited in pseudopodia extension. Furthermore, after SLPI treatment, alpha(1)-integrin immunoreactivity decreased, and cyclic AMP levels increased. Excessive gel contraction was observed when fibroblasts treated with TGF-beta1 and fibroblasts from hypertrophic and from keloid scar tissue were cultured in collagen gel. SLPI was also effective in inhibiting gel contraction in the above three models of scar formation. These results suggest that SLPI may be useful in promoting scarless wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sanders JL, Dodd C, Ghahary A, Scott PG, Tredget EE. The effect of interferon-alpha2b on an in vitro model Dupuytren's contracture. J Hand Surg Am 1999; 24:578-85. [PMID: 10357539 DOI: 10.1053/jhsu.1999.0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b) on Dupuytren's and control palmar fibroblasts were evaluated using the fibroblast-populated collagen lattice model. Three paired strains of Dupuytren's and control fibroblasts were exposed to IFN-alpha2b for 96 hours before incorporation into triplicate collagen lattices. Contraction of the lattices was recorded and Northern blot analysis of cytoskeletal mRNA was performed. Comparisons of Dupuytren's and control fibroblasts revealed significantly increased contractility of the Dupuytren's fibroblasts in 2 of the 3 strains. Treatment with IFN-alpha2b significantly inhibited contraction in both Dupuytren's and control fibroblasts. In Dupuytren's fibroblasts, treatment with IFN-alpha2b significantly down-regulated mRNA expression for cytoplasmic beta-actin and gamma-actin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Sanders
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yuan W, Yufit T, Li L, Mori Y, Chen SJ, Varga J. Negative modulation of alpha1(I) procollagen gene expression in human skin fibroblasts: transcriptional inhibition by interferon-gamma. J Cell Physiol 1999; 179:97-108. [PMID: 10082137 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199904)179:1<97::aid-jcp12>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a multifunctional cytokine produced by activated Th1 lymphocytes, exerts potent effects on the extracellular matrix by regulating fibroblast function. In this study, we examined the modulation of alpha1(I) procollagen gene (COL1A1) expression by recombinant IFN-gamma. The results showed that IFN-gamma stimulated the rapid accumulation of interferon regulated factor (IRF)-1 mRNA, followed by a delayed and dose-dependent inhibition of alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA expression in skin fibroblasts from several different donors. The inhibitory response was abrogated in fibroblasts stably expressing IRF-1 in the antisense orientation. A marked decrease in the amount of heterogeneous nuclear pre-mRNA preceded the inhibition of COL1A1 mRNA expression. In fibroblasts transiently transfected with COL1A1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene plasmids, IFN-gamma selectively inhibited promoter activity and abrogated its stimulation induced by TGF-beta. The inhibition by IFN-gamma was not due to downregulation of TGF-beta receptor mRNA expression in the fibroblasts or decreased ligand binding to the receptor. IFN-alpha and IFN-beta by themselves had little effect on promoter activity, but IFN-alpha augmented the inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma. Using a series of 5' deletion constructs, a proximal region of the COL1A1 promoter was shown to function as an IFN-gamma response element. This region of the gene harbors overlapping binding sites for transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and NF-1 but no homologs of previously characterized IFN-gamma response elements. The putative IFN-gamma response region was sufficient to confer inhibition of reporter gene expression by treatment with IFN-gamma. Gel mobility shift analysis showed that two distinct and specific DNA-protein complexes were formed when fibroblast nuclear extracts were incubated with oligonucleotides spanning the IFN-gamma response region. IFN-gamma did not modify the ability of nuclear proteins to bind to this region. The results indicate that IFN-gamma inhibits COL1A1 expression in fibroblasts principally at the level of gene transcription. Inhibition involves IRF-1 and is mediated through a short proximal promoter segment but without an apparent change in promoter occupancy. The findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of IFN-gamma regulation of fibroblast function.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Binding Sites
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cells, Cultured
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/biosynthesis
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Depression, Chemical
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-1
- Interferon-alpha/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Male
- Phosphoproteins/physiology
- Procollagen/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear/biosynthesis
- RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/drug effects
- Recombinant Proteins
- Sequence Deletion
- Skin/cytology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Yuan
- Section of Rheumatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago 60607-7171, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Desmoulière A, Xu G, Costa AM, Yousef IM, Gabbiani G, Tuchweber B. Effect of pentoxifylline on early proliferation and phenotypic modulation of fibrogenic cells in two rat models of liver fibrosis and on cultured hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 1999; 30:621-31. [PMID: 10207803 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(99)80192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS During liver fibrosis, different fibroblastic cells, i.e. hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or portal fibroblasts, are involved in the development of lesions, and acquire myofibroblastic differentiation. We investigated, in the rat, whether pentoxifylline can influence the early phase of fibrogenesis in two animal models of fibrosis induced by either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) plus acetone (given twice) or bile duct ligation. METHODS The fibroproliferative response and myofibroblastic phenotypic modulation were evaluated by PCNA and alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin immunohistochemistry, respectively, in livers taken 24 h after the last CCl4 treatment or 72 h after bile duct ligation. Desmin expression was also measured, and inflammation was evaluated by ED-1 staining. Furthermore, proliferation and alpha-SM actin expression were studied in cultured HSCs after pentoxifylline treatment. RESULTS In the CCl4-acetone groups, pretreatment with pentoxifylline decreased the proliferative response and expression of alpha-SM actin in the HSCs. Similarly, pentoxifylline reduced the proliferation and myofibroblastic differentiation of portal fibroblasts after bile duct ligation. Pentoxifylline reduced ED-1 expression, particularly in the CCl4 model, where there was significant inflammation. In cultured pentoxifylline-treated HSCs, both proliferation and alpha-SM actin expression were decreased. CONCLUSIONS In both animal models of fibrosis, during the early stages of tissue injury, pentoxifylline was able to reduce fibroproliferation and myofibroblastic differentiation and to reduce hepatocellular damage and the inflammatory response, particularly in the toxin-induced model. In culture, alpha-SM actin expression decreased in both growing and quiescent HSCs treated with pentoxifylline, indicating that the drug may also exert a direct effect on hepatic fibrogenic cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yokozeki M, Baba Y, Shimokawa H, Moriyama K, Kuroda T. Interferon-gamma inhibits the myofibroblastic phenotype of rat palatal fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 in vitro. FEBS Lett 1999; 442:61-4. [PMID: 9923605 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a multifunctional cytokine, has been noted as a potential therapeutic agent for various fibrotic disorders, including excessive scar tissue formation. We previously reported that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) induced the myofibroblastic phenotype in palatal fibroblasts derived from palatal mucosa, and that such effects might have a close link to palatal scar formation. In the present study, we examined the effects of IFN-gamma on TGF-beta1-pretreated palatal fibroblasts for the purpose of clarifying the suppressive potency against myofibroblastic phenotype expression in vitro. IFN-gamma significantly altered the spindle morphology of TGF-beta1-pretreated palatal fibroblasts into the polygonal one that was similar to the non-treated palatal fibroblasts. This change was parallel with a decrease in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin protein, a marker for myofibroblast, as determined by immunoblot analysis. Northern blot analysis showed that IFN-gamma inhibited proalpha2(I) collagen mRNA expression that was stimulated by TGF-beta1 pretreatment for 24 h. Furthermore, IFN-gamma decreased the cell contractility enhanced by TGF-beta1 pretreatment for 24 h in a three-dimensional collagen gel culture system. These results suggest that IFN-gamma may have negative effects with regard to controlling the myofibroblastic phenotype induced by TGF-beta1 in palatal fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yokozeki
- Second Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Moulin V, Castilloux G, Auger FA, Garrel D, O'Connor-McCourt MD, Germain L. Modulated response to cytokines of human wound healing myofibroblasts compared to dermal fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 1998; 238:283-93. [PMID: 9457082 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1997.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts play an important role in normal wound healing. They are present transiently during tissue repair. Their differentiation from fibroblasts and their role in granulation tissues are most likely to be modulated by cytokines. As these cells are derived from normal fibroblasts, their responses to cytokines are assumed to be similar. Until now, however, the difficulties in obtaining and maintaining normal human wound healing myofibroblasts in vitro have hampered comparison. The present study was designed to determine the effect of TGF-beta 1 and IFN-gamma, two cytokines known to modulate fibroblast morphology, on wound healing myofibroblasts and to compare it to fibroblasts. Morphological and phenotypic changes were followed by light and electron microscopy (stress fibers) and immunofluorescence cytochemistry (alpha-SM actin). Functional parameters such as the capacity to synthesize collagen and collagen gel contraction were studied. Both cytokines induced a strong modification of growth rate and phenotypic and morphological parameters in fibroblasts whereas collagen synthesis was slightly changed. Furthermore, TGF-beta 1 increased contractile capacity of fibroblasts whereas IFN-gamma greatly decreased it. In myofibroblasts, TGF-beta 1 and IFN-gamma did not induce any variation of morphology or growth rate. Interestingly, a strong modulation of functional parameters was observed: collagen synthesis was highly modified and, as for fibroblasts, the contractile capacity was altered. However, inhibition of contraction by IFN-gamma was irreversible in myofibroblasts but not in fibroblasts. These results suggest that fibroblastic cells show modulated responses to cytokines according to their stage of differentiation during wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Moulin
- Laboratoire de recherche des grands brûlés/LOEX, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mechanisms and factors involved in development of hypertrophic scars. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01152418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Tredget EE, Nedelec B, Scott PG, Ghahary A. Hypertrophic scars, keloids, and contractures. The cellular and molecular basis for therapy. Surg Clin North Am 1997; 77:701-30. [PMID: 9194888 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Keloids, hypertrophic scars, and contractures are a result of aberrations of the normal wound healing process. An understanding of the cellular and molecular events that are implicated in the development of these fibroproliferative disorders will allow for optimization of wound healing. In turn, treatment choices can be based on the most current scientific information available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Tredget
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Murata H, Zhou L, Ochoa S, Hasan A, Badiavas E, Falanga V. TGF-beta3 stimulates and regulates collagen synthesis through TGF-beta1-dependent and independent mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 108:258-62. [PMID: 9036921 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12286451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the TGF-beta1 and beta2 isoforms, TGF-beta3 has shown the ability to downregulate scarring and fibrosis in vivo under certain experimental conditions. In this study, we determined the direct effects of TGF-beta3 on cultures of human dermal fibroblasts. TGF-beta3 (0.1 to 100 pg per ml) increased DNA synthesis up to 50% (p < 0.01, r = 0.970), collagen protein synthesis up to 200% (dose range of 0.1 to 5 ng per ml, p < 0.001, r = 0.990), and increased alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA levels (r = 0.999), with maximal effects (200% of control) observed by 24 h. Collagen lattice contraction was increased by more than 50% in response to TGF-beta3 (p < 0.001), and to a similar extent as the TGF-beta1 isoform. Stimulation of collagen synthesis and of alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA levels in response to TGF-beta3 was partially blocked by a TGF-beta1-specific anti-sense oligonucleotide but was still detectable (35% greater than baseline) when TGF-beta3 was added to dermal fibroblasts from TGF-beta1 knock-out mice. In contrast with these stimulatory effects, however, downregulation of alpha1(I) procollagen, alpha1(III) procollagen, and TGF-beta1 mRNA levels toward baseline occurred when TGF-beta3 (0.1 to 5 ng per ml) was added simultaneously and in combination with TGF-beta1. We conclude that stimulation of collagen synthesis by TGF-beta3 occurs through TGF-beta1-dependent and independent pathways. By downregulating the response to TGF-beta1 and by shifting from one pathway to the other, TGF-beta3 can dampen and provide fine-tuning to the overall TGF-beta's induced program of collagen deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Murata
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Florida 33136, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Berthod F, Sahuc F, Hayek D, Damour O, Collombel C. Deposition of collagen fibril bundles by long-term culture of fibroblasts in a collagen sponge. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1996; 32:87-93. [PMID: 8864876 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199609)32:1<87::aid-jbm10>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblasts cultured for 10 days in a collagen sponge migrated through the pores of the sponge and expressed a moderate mitotic activity, which stabilized after 10 days, and a high collagen and protein synthesis. Between 10 and 27 days, the newly synthesized collagen filled the pores of the sponge. This matrix accumulation induced a delayed decrease of collagen and protein synthesis. Finally, after 27 days of culture, the fibroblasts expressed low biosynthetic activities similar to the ones exhibited in vivo. The newly synthesized matrix was highly differentiated, as shown by the presence of a dense network of quarter-staggered collagen fibrils (42 nm +/- 6 nm in diameter) surrounding the cells. The size and the shape of these fibrils demonstrated that the newly synthesized procollagen was fully processed in collagen by removal of their N- and C-terminal propeptides. Moreover, these fibrils were packed in bundles organized into an interwoven network that mimics the pattern of the papillary dermis. These findings show that fibroblasts cultured for one month in a collagen sponge construct large amounts of a highly differentiated connective tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Berthod
- Laboratoire des Substituts Cutanés, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arisawa S, Arisawa T, Ohashi M, Nitta Y, Ikeya T, Asai J. Effect of the hydroxyl radical on fibroblast-mediated collagen remodelling in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1996; 23:222-8. [PMID: 8934612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
1. It has been reported that free radicals prevent wound healing. However, the mechanism of this effect is not yet clear. We attempted to clarify the influence of hydroxyl radicals on wound healing in vitro. 2. We used an ascorbate-copper ion system (ACS) to produce hydroxyl radicals in accordance with variables of time elapsed and concentration of copper ion. The effects of hydroxyl radical on fibroblast-mediated collagen remodelling, cell viability, the functions of fibroblasts and collagen fibrils were studied. 3. With a copper ion concentration of 100 mumol/L ACS significantly reduced contraction, while 10 mumol/L stimulated contraction. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was employed in observing these findings. ACS did not influence cell viability, the expression of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and cellular fibronectin, or the cytoskeletal organization of fibroblasts involving actin until 3 h. A concentration of ACS at 10 mumol/L of copper ion induced the polymerization of collagen after 30 min, while ACS at 100 mumol/L induced collagen degradation; this finding was also established by using H2O2. Collagen reduced the amount of formaldehyde produced by trapping hydroxyl radical with dimethyl sulfoxide. 4. Our findings suggest that collagen is denatured by scavenging the hydroxyl radical before fibroblasts are damaged, so that the radical may influence the remodelling of collagen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Arisawa
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|