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Baliga S, Patel S, Naqa IE, Li XA, Cohen LE, Howell RM, Hoppe BS, Constine LS, Palmer JD, Hamstra D, Olch AJ. Testicular Dysfunction in Male Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated With Radiation Therapy: A PENTEC Comprehensive Review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:610-624. [PMID: 37791936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The male reproductive task force of the Pediatric Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (PENTEC) initiative performed a comprehensive review that included a meta-analysis of publications reporting radiation dose-volume effects for risk of impaired fertility and hormonal function after radiation therapy for pediatric malignancies. METHODS AND MATERIALS The PENTEC task force conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify published data evaluating the effect of testicular radiation dose on reproductive complications in male childhood cancer survivors. Thirty-one studies were analyzed, of which 4 had testicular dose data to generate descriptive scatter plots. Two cohorts were identified. Cohort 1 consisted of pediatric and young adult patients with cancer who received scatter radiation therapy to the testes. Cohort 2 consisted of pediatric and young adult patients with cancer who received direct testicular radiation therapy as part of their cancer therapy. Descriptive scatter plots were used to delineate the relationship between the effect of mean testicular dose on sperm count reduction, testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. RESULTS Descriptive scatter plots demonstrated a 44% to 80% risk of oligospermia when the mean testicular dose was <1 Gy, but this was recovered by >12 months in 75% to 100% of patients. At doses >1 Gy, the rate of oligospermia increased to >90% at 12 months. Testosterone levels were generally not affected when the mean testicular dose was <0.2 Gy but were abnormal in up to 25% of patients receiving between 0.2 and 12 Gy. Doses between 12 and 19 Gy may be associated with abnormal testosterone in 40% of patients, whereas doses >20 Gy to the testes were associated with a steep increase in abnormal testosterone in at least 68% of patients. FSH levels were unaffected by a mean testicular dose <0.2 Gy, whereas at doses >0.5 Gy, the risk was between 40% and 100%. LH levels were affected at doses >0.5 Gy in 33% to 75% of patients between 10 and 24 months after radiation. Although dose modeling could not be performed in cohort 2, the risk of reproductive toxicities was escalated with doses >10 Gy. CONCLUSIONS This PENTEC comprehensive review demonstrates important relationships between scatter or direct radiation dose on male reproductive endpoints including semen analysis and levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Baliga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Samir Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - X Allen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Laurie E Cohen
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Rebecca M Howell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradford S Hoppe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Louis S Constine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joshua D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel Hamstra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Arthur J Olch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Guo C, Wang Q, Shuai P, Wang T, Wu W, Li Y, Huang S, Yu J, Yi L. Radiation and male reproductive system: Damage and protection. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142030. [PMID: 38626814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Male fertility has been declining in recent decades, and a growing body of research points to environmental and lifestyle factors as the cause. The widespread use of radiation technology may result in more people affected by male infertility, as it is well established that radiation can cause reproductive impairment in men. This article provides a review of radiation-induced damage to male reproduction, and the effects of damage mechanisms and pharmacotherapy. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the understanding of the effects of radiation on male reproduction, and provide information for research into drugs that can protect the reproductive health of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimao Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Peimeng Shuai
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Lan Yi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Conces ML, Mahipal A. Adoption of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:366-382. [PMID: 38248109 PMCID: PMC10813931 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Local and metastatic recurrence are primary concerns following the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Chemoradiation (CRT) can reduce the local recurrence rates and has subsequently moved to the neoadjuvant setting from the adjuvant setting. Pathological complete response (pCR) rates have also been noted to be greater in patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT prior to surgery. The standard approach to treating LARC would often involve CRT followed by surgery and optional adjuvant chemotherapy and remained the treatment paradigm for almost two decades. However, patients were often unable to complete adjuvant chemotherapy due to a decreased tolerance of chemotherapy following surgery, which led to upfront treatment with both CRT and chemotherapy, and total neoadjuvant therapy, or TNT, was created. The efficacy outcomes of local recurrence, disease-free survival, and pCR have improved in patients receiving TNT compared to the standard approach. Additionally, more recent data suggest a possible improvement in overall survival as well. Patients with a complete clinical response following TNT have the opportunity for watch-and-wait surveillance, allowing some patients to undergo organ preservation. Here, we discuss the clinical trials and studies that led to the adoption of TNT as the standard of care for LARC, with the possibility of watch-and-wait surveillance for patients achieving complete responses. We also review the possibility of overtreating some patients with LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Mahipal
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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4
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Li J, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qiu H, Zheng J, Xue J, Jin J, Ni F, Zhang C, Chen C, Sun X, Wang H, Zhang D. Effects of paternal ionizing radiation exposure on fertility and offspring's health. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12567. [PMID: 38528990 PMCID: PMC10961711 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The intergenerational effects of ionizing radiation remain controversial. Extensive insights have been revealed for DNA mutations and cancer incidence in progeny, yet many of these results were obtained by immediate post-radiation mating. However, conception at short times after radiation exposure is likely to be avoided. After a long period of fertility recovery, whether unexposed sperm derived from exposed spermatogonia would challenge the health of the offspring is not yet clearly demonstrated. Methods Ten-week-old C57BL/6J males underwent whole-body acute γ irradiation at 0 and 6.4 Gy. Testes and sperm were collected at different times after radiation to examine reproductive changes. The reproductive, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental parameters were measured in the offspring of controls and the offspring derived from irradiated undifferentiated spermatogonia. Results Paternal fertility was lost after acute 6.4 Gy γ radiation and recovered at 10-11 weeks post irradiation in mice. The reproductive, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental health of offspring born to irradiated undifferentiated spermatogonia were comparable to those of controls. Conclusion The male mice could have healthy offspring after recovery from the damage caused by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Yanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Hong Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Jinglei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Jiani Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Feida Ni
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Chunxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Chuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Huiquan Wang
- The School of Aeronautics and AstronauticsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center on Birth Defect Prevention and Intervention of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
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5
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Byun SJ, Kim M, Oh YK, Park SG, Choi E, Kim B. A Technique to Deliver Conformal External Beam Radiation for Squamous Carcinoma of the Penile Glans and Urethra. Pract Radiat Oncol 2024; 14:65-69. [PMID: 37652346 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an approach to external beam radiation therapy for treating penile cancer using a small water bath. This modified technique involves the use of an acrylic, cuboid-shaped water bath with dimensions 6 × 6 × 8 cm3. The water bath is filled with readily available saline solution maintained at room temperature. The patient is positioned in the prone position, and the penis is placed within the water bath. The isocenter is set at the center of the water bath, and bilateral beams are positioned at 89.1° and 270.9°. The proposed technique was evaluated based on dose calculations, demonstrating a clinical target volume dose with a Dmax of 103.5% and a Dmin of 100.0% of the prescribed dose. Additionally, the method showed a low organs-at-risk dose, with a Dmean of only 1% for the testicles. The treatment zone inside the water bath also showed a uniform dose distribution. This technique not only offers high treatment efficiency and more accurate dose distribution to the targeted area but also provides additional benefits, including reduced toxicity to organs at risk and increased device utilization efficiency. In conclusion, the proposed modified external beam radiation therapy method presents a promising alternative for patients with penile cancer, enhancing treatment precision and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Byun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongsoo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gyu Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Euncheol Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungyong Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Qu M, He Q, Guo B. Lycopene protects against ionizing radiation-induced testicular damage by inhibition of apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:534-546. [PMID: 38268887 PMCID: PMC10804090 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the key contributors that cause male infertility by disturbing spermatogenesis. Lycopene, a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties, was shown to protect against oxidative damage induced by IR in several experimental models. The present study was designed to explore the possible protective effects of lycopene against IR-induced testicular damage in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were administered lycopene (20 mg/kg) by oral gavage for seven consecutive days prior to a single dose of whole-body X-ray irradiation (4 Gy, 1 Gy/min). We observed that lycopene remarkably augmented sperm motility and reduced sperm abnormalities in mice following IR exposure. Histopathological analyses also revealed that lycopene ameliorated the structural damage of seminiferous tubules and enhanced the regeneration of seminiferous epithelium following IR stress. Moreover, lycopene attenuated IR-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decreasing lipid peroxidation level and an increase in the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, lycopene reduced the γH2AX expression and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the germinal epithelium, as well as restoring the imbalance of Bax/Bcl-2 expression induced by IR exposure. Furthermore, lycopene prevented mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and ATP reduction and preserved the activities of mitochondrial complexes I-IV in the testes of mice after exposure to IR. Lycopene also improved mitochondrial biogenesis in testes of mice exposed to IR, presenting as restored expressions of PGC-1α, Nrf1, and Tfam. Taken together, our results suggest that lycopene alleviates IR-induced testicular damage, and the underlying mechanism involves at least in part the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the maintenance of mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. The beneficial effect of lycopene highlights the therapeutic potential of this plant-derived antioxidant against impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility induced by IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Qu
- Department of Medical ResearchThe PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Qican He
- Department of Medical ResearchThe PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Baoshi Guo
- Department of Medical ResearchThe PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
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7
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El-Sheikh MM, Aziz MM, Abdelrahman SSM, Mohmad MAEH. The protective effect of crocin against testicular toxicity induced by ionizing radiation via AKT/FOXO pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2981-2992. [PMID: 37615252 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Crocin, a pharmacologically active component of Crocus sativus L. (saffron), has been informed to be beneficial in the treatment of stress-related oxidative impairment. In the present study, we examined the protective role of crocin against testicular damage induced by radiation (acute and fractionated) and the alteration of the AKT/FOXO signaling pathway. Male Wister albino rats were exposed to acute dose of 6 Gy and a fractionated dose of gamma radiation (2 Gy every 2 days up to 6 Gy total doses). Rats were pretreated intraperitoneally with crocin in a dose of 50 mg/kg for seven consecutive days prior to exposure to irradiation at a level of 6 Gy and during the fractionated irradiation of rats. Control groups were run concurrently. Ionizing radiation caused changes in the level of oxidative stress biomarkers manifested as elevation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, total nitrate/nitrite and reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with a decrease in catalase as well as in the level of inflammatory parameters (decrease in expression of Nrf2 which was related to a significant increase in expression of NF-κB p65). Irradiation produced cellular damage characterized by an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase. These findings were aligned with increased expression of the forkhead box O-1 (FOXO-1) and activation of protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Irradiation of rats led to reduction in serum testosterone level and testicular weights. Pretreatment with the indicated dose of crocin shielded against the changes in all the evaluated parameters. Administration of crocin can be introduced as a novel preclinical approach for regulation of testicular damage induced by radiation; via controlling the ongoing oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction as well as activation FOXO/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M El-Sheikh
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Aziz
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar S M Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abd El Hameed Mohmad
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Ran Y, Duan N, Gao Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Xue B. Sulforaphane attenuates irradiation induced testis injury in mice. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2279818. [PMID: 38052218 PMCID: PMC11001278 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2279818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The testis is vulnerable to ionizing radiation, sexual dysfunction and male infertility are common problems after local radiation or whole-body exposure. Currently, there are no approved drugs for the prevention or treatment of radiation testicular injury. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an indirect antioxidant that induces phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant genes. Herein, we investigated the radiation protective effect of SFN on testicular injury in mice and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into blank control group (Ctrl), radiation + no pretreatment group (IR), and radiation + SFN groups (IRS). In the radiation + SFN groups, starting from 72 h before radiation, SFN solution was intraperitoneally injected once a day until they were sacrificed. Mice in the blank control group and the radiation + no pretreatment group were simultaneously injected intraperitoneally with an equal volume of the solvent used to dissolve SFN (PBS with a final concentration of 0.1%DMSO) until they were sacrificed. They were subjected to 6Mev-ray radiation to the lower abdominal testis area (total dose 2Gy). Twenty-four hours after radiation, six mice in each group were randomly sacrificed. Seventy-two hours after radiation, the remaining mice were sacrificed. RESULTS The results showed that the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on testes were manifested as damage to histoarchitecture, increased oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and thus impaired male fertility. SFN injections can reverse these symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that SFN can improve the damage of mouse testis caused by irradiation. Furthermore, SFN prevents spermatogenesis dysfunction caused by ionizing radiation by activating Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuai Ran
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nengliang Duan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Taliaferro LP, Agarwal RK, Coleman CN, DiCarlo AL, Hofmeyer KA, Loelius SG, Molinar-Inglis O, Tedesco DC, Satyamitra MM. Sex differences in radiation research. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:466-485. [PMID: 37991728 PMCID: PMC10922591 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2283089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Sex Differences in Radiation Research workshop addressed the role of sex as a confounder in radiation research and its implication in real-world radiological and nuclear applications. METHODS In April 2022, HHS-wide partners from the Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program, the Office of Research on Women's Health National Institutes of Health Office of Women's Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Branch at the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority conducted a workshop to address the scientific implication and knowledge gaps in understanding sex in basic and translational research. The goals of this workshop were to examine sex differences in 1. Radiation animal models and understand how these may affect radiation medical countermeasure development; 2. Biodosimetry and/or biomarkers used to assess acute radiation syndrome, delayed effects of acute radiation exposure, and/or predict major organ morbidities; 3. medical research that lacks representation from both sexes. In addition, regulatory policies that influence inclusion of women in research, and the gaps that exist in drug development and device clearance were discussed. Finally, real-world sex differences in human health scenarios were also considered. RESULTS This report provides an overview of the two-day workshop, and open discussion among academic investigators, industry researchers, and U.S. government representatives. CONCLUSIONS This meeting highlighted that current study designs lack the power to determine statistical significance based on sex, and much is unknown about the underlying factors that contribute to these differences. Investigators should accommodate both sexes in all stages of research to ensure that the outcome is robust, reproducible, and accurate, and will benefit public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyn P. Taliaferro
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rajeev K. Agarwal
- Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH), Office of the Director, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrea L. DiCarlo
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Hofmeyer
- Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Branch, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR, HHS, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shannon G. Loelius
- Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Branch, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR, HHS, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olivia Molinar-Inglis
- Previously RNCP, DAIT, NIAID, NIH; now Antivirals and Antitoxins Program, Division of CBRN Countermeasures, BARDA, ASPR, HHS, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dana C. Tedesco
- Radiological and Nuclear Countermeasures Branch, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR, HHS, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Merriline M. Satyamitra
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Rockville, MD, USA
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10
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Gulino G, Distante A, Akhundov A, Bassi PF. Male infertility and urological tumors: Pathogenesis and therapeutical implications. Urologia 2023; 90:622-630. [PMID: 37491831 PMCID: PMC10623618 DOI: 10.1177/03915603221146147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Most genitourinary tract cancers have a negative impact on male fertility. Although testicular cancers have the worst impact, other tumors such as prostate, bladder, and penis are diagnosed early and treated in relatively younger patients in which couple fertility can be an important concern. The purpose of this review is to highlight both the pathogenetic mechanisms of damage to male fertility in the context of the main urological cancers and the methods of preserving male fertility in an oncological setting, in light of the most recent scientific evidence. A systematic review of available literature was carried out on the main scientific search engines, such as PubMed, Clinicaltrials.Gov, and Google scholar. Three hundred twenty-five relevant articles on this subject were identified, 98 of which were selected being the most relevant to the purpose of this review. There is a strong evidence in literature that all of the genitourinary oncological therapies have a deep negative impact on male fertility: orchiectomy, partial orchiectomy, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND), radical cystectomy, prostatectomy, penectomy, as well as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal androgen suppression. Preservation of fertility is possible and includes cryopreservation, hormonal manipulation with GnRH analogs before chemotherapy, androgen replacement. Germ cell auto transplantation is an intriguing strategy with future perspectives. Careful evaluation of male fertility must be a key point before treating genitourinary tumors, taking into account patients' age and couples' perspectives. Informed consent should provide adequate information to the patient about the current state of his fertility and about the balance between risks and benefits in oncological terms. Standard approaches to genitourinary tumors should include a multidisciplinary team with urologists, oncologists, radiotherapists, psycho-sexologists, andrologists, gynecologists, and reproductive endocrinologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gulino
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Distante
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Akhundov
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - PF Bassi
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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11
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Tichy ED, Lee JH, Li G, Estep KN, Brad Johnson F, Mourkioti F. Impacts of radiation exposure, hindlimb unloading, and recovery on murine skeletal muscle cell telomere length. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:76. [PMID: 37714858 PMCID: PMC10504369 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts are exposed to harsh conditions, including cosmic radiation and microgravity. Spaceflight elongates human telomeres in peripheral blood, which shorten upon return to Earth and approach baseline levels during postflight recovery. Astronauts also encounter muscle atrophy, losing up to 20% loss of muscle mass on spaceflights. Telomere length changes in muscle cells of astronauts remain unexplored. This study investigates telomere alterations in grounded mice experiencing radiation exposure and muscle atrophy, via a hindlimb unloading spaceflight mimicking model. We find telomere lengthening is present in muscle stem cells and in myofiber nuclei, but not in muscle-resident endothelial cells. We further assessed telomere length in the model following hindlimb unloading recovery. We find that telomere length failed to return to baseline values. Our results suggest a role for telomeres in muscle acclimatization, which is relevant for the well-being of astronauts in space, and upon their return to Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Grant Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katrina N Estep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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Kimelman D, Torrens A, Bonelli C, Sapiro R. Fertility preservation in male cancer patients. Counseling and reproductive outcomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240152. [PMID: 37664467 PMCID: PMC10468982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Advances in cancer treatments have determined an increase in survival rates. However, these lifesaving therapies may have a negative impact on reproductive health. To diminish the infertility risk; different fertility preservation strategies have been designed. Sperm freezing is the gold standard fertility preservation method in the case of post-pubertal men. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the fertility status of Uruguayan male cancer survivors who have gone through sperm freezing, as well as to assess oncofertility counseling received by these patients. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and transversal study. A survey was conducted on male cancer survivors who cryopreserved sperm between 1985 and 2021 in "Reprovita Lab and Biobank" which is the only sperm bank in this country. Results: One hundred thirty-five participants answered the survey. At the time of diagnosis, the mean age of patients was 28.8 ± 6.4 years old. Testicular was the most frequent type of cancer (64%). Only, 12% (n = 15) already had children at the time of diagnosis. Among the interviewed survivors, 50% (n = 62) attempted to conceive after cancer treatment, and 68% (n = 42) achieved natural pregnancy. Patients who did not achieve spontaneous conception (n = 11), used their cryopreserved samples, and 45.4% achieved pregnancy. About 86% (n = 107) of survivors believed that the timing of oncofertility referrals was appropriate and 97% considered that having the possibility of protecting their fertility was very important. Eighty percent (n = 101), were advised by their attending physicians, 14% (n = 18) sought advice from family members or friends, and 4% (n = 5) from oncofertility specialists. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the reproductive outcomes of male cancer survivors in our country and the region. Most of the interviewed survivors considered fertility preservation as a positive initiative, independent of their reproductive outcomes, reflecting the importance of fertility preservation counseling as one of the most important aspects for futurequality of life of young cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kimelman
- Oncofertility Program, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Administración de los Servicios de Salud del Estado (ASSE), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Reprovita Lab and Biobank, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Clínica Ginecotocológica “B”, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Rossana Sapiro
- Unidad Académica Histologia y Embriologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Schmidt DR, Gramatikov IMT, Sheen A, Williams CL, Hurwitz M, Dodge LE, Holupka E, Kiger WS, Cornwall-Brady MR, Huang W, Mak HH, Cormier KS, Condon C, Dane Wittrup K, Yilmaz ÖH, Stevenson MA, Down JD, Floyd SR, Roper J, Vander Heiden MG. Ablative radiotherapy improves survival but does not cure autochthonous mouse models of prostate and colorectal cancer. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:108. [PMID: 37558833 PMCID: PMC10412558 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cancer are powerful tools to study mechanisms of disease progression and therapy response, yet little is known about how these models respond to multimodality therapy used in patients. Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used to treat localized cancers with curative intent, delay progression of oligometastases, and palliate symptoms of metastatic disease. METHODS Here we report the development, testing, and validation of a platform to immobilize and target tumors in mice with stereotactic ablative RT (SART). Xenograft and autochthonous tumor models were treated with hypofractionated ablative doses of radiotherapy. RESULTS We demonstrate that hypofractionated regimens used in clinical practice can be effectively delivered in mouse models. SART alters tumor stroma and the immune environment, improves survival in GEMMs of primary prostate and colorectal cancer, and synergizes with androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. Complete pathologic responses were achieved in xenograft models, but not in GEMMs. CONCLUSIONS While SART is capable of fully ablating xenografts, it is unable to completely eradicate disease in GEMMs, arguing that resistance to potentially curative therapy can be modeled in GEMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Iva Monique T Gramatikov
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher L Williams
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Hurwitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura E Dodge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Holupka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W S Kiger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milton R Cornwall-Brady
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Howard H Mak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen S Cormier
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charlene Condon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stevenson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian D Down
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Cuitiño MC, Fleming JL, Jain S, Cetnar A, Ayan AS, Woollard J, Manring H, Meng W, McElroy JP, Blakaj DM, Gupta N, Chakravarti A. Comparison of Gonadal Toxicity of Single-Fraction Ultra-High Dose Rate and Conventional Radiation in Mice. Adv Radiat Oncol 2023; 8:101201. [PMID: 37008254 PMCID: PMC10050676 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increasing evidence suggests that ultra-high-dose-rate (UHDR) radiation could result in similar tumor control as conventional (CONV) radiation therapy (RT) while reducing toxicity to surrounding healthy tissues. Considering that radiation toxicity to gonadal tissues can cause hormone disturbances and infertility in young patients with cancer, the purpose of this study was to assess the possible role of UHDR-RT in reducing toxicity to healthy gonads in mice compared with CONV-RT. Methods and Materials Radiation was delivered to the abdomen or pelvis of female (8 or 16 Gy) and male (5 Gy) C57BL/6J mice, respectively, at conventional (∼0.4 Gy/s) or ultrahigh (>100 Gy/s) dose rates using an IntraOp Mobetron linear accelerator. Organ weights along with histopathology and immunostaining of irradiated gonads were used to compare toxicity between radiation modalities. Results CONV-RT and UHDR-RT induced a similar decrease in uterine weights at both studied doses (∼50% of controls), which indicated similarly reduced ovarian follicular activity. Histologically, ovaries of CONV- and UHDR-irradiated mice exhibited a comparable lack of follicles. Weights of CONV- and UHDR-irradiated testes were reduced to ∼30% of controls, and the percentage of degenerate seminiferous tubules was also similar between radiation modalities (∼80% above controls). Pairwise comparisons of all quantitative data indicated statistical significance between irradiated (CONV or UHDR) and control groups (from P ≤ .01 to P ≤ .0001) but not between radiation modalities. Conclusions The data presented here suggest that the short-term effects of UHDR-RT on the mouse gonads are comparable to those of CONV-RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Cuitiño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica L. Fleming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sagarika Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ashley Cetnar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ahmet S. Ayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Woollard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Heather Manring
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph P. McElroy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dukagjin M. Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nilendu Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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15
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Di Serafino M, Pucci L, Iacobellis F, Fasbender Jacobitti M, Ronza R, Sabatino V, De Luca L, Iossa V, Langella NA, Persico F, Grimaldi D, Schillirò ML, Lessoni L, Notorio M, Carrino M, Romano L. MRI-Cavernosography: A New Diagnostic Tool for Erectile Dysfunction Due to Venous Leakage: A Diagnostic Chance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2178. [PMID: 37443571 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction caused by venous leakage is a vascular disease in which blood fails to accumulate in the corpora cavernosa due to the abrupt drainage of blood from the penis secondary to an abnormal venous network that affects 1 to 2% of men under 25 years old and about 10 to 20% over 60 years old, who do not raise a sufficient erection for penetrative sex. The study of the venous leak and its characterization in young patients with erectile dysfunction represent a diagnostic challenge, and imaging remains the best way to diagnose this condition. In the article, it is described the methods of execution and the diagnostic role of the cavernous MRI in the study of vasogenic erectile dysfunction from the venous leak, proposing it as a good alternative to the cavernous CT, considering the satisfactory results in terms of diagnostic interpretation, the absence of ionizing radiation, the higher soft tissue resolution of the imaging method and the lower administration of contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Serafino
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Pucci
- Department of Andrology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Iacobellis
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Ronza
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sabatino
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi De Luca
- Department of Andrology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Iossa
- Department of Andrology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Persico
- Department of Andrology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Grimaldi
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Schillirò
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Lessoni
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Notorio
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Carrino
- Department of Andrology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Romano
- Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
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16
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Ran L, Chen Q, Lu X, Gao Z, Cui F, Liu X, Xue B. Novel treatment and insight for irradiation-induced injuries: Dibucaine ameliorates irradiation-induced testicular injury by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in primary Leydig cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114903. [PMID: 37224756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male infertility is a worldwide problem but few treatments, especially irradiation-induced testicular injury. The aim of this research was to investigate novel drugs for the treatment of irradiation-induced testicular injury. METHODS We administered dibucaine (0.8 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to male mice (6 mice per group) after five consecutive daily 0.5 Gy whole-body irradiation, and evaluated its ameliorating efficacy by testicular HE staining and morphological measurements. Drug affinity responsive target stability assay (Darts) were used to find target protein and pathway; mouse primary Leydig cells were isolated and to explore the mechanism (Flow cytometry, Western blot, and Seahorse palmitate oxidative stress assays); finally rescue experiments were completed by combining dibucaine with fatty acid oxidative pathway inhibitors and activators. RESULTS The testicular HE staining and morphological measurements in dibucaine treatment group was significantly better than that in irradiation group (P < 0.05); sperm motility and mRNA levels of spermatogenic cell markers were also higher than those in the latter (P < 0.05). Darts and Western blot results showed that dibucaine targets CPT1A and downregulate fatty acid oxidation. Flow cytometry, Western blot, and Palmitate oxidative stress assays of primary Leydig cells demonstrated that dibucaine inhibits fatty acid oxidation in Leydig cells. Dibucaine combined with etomoxir/baicalin confirmed that its inhibition of fatty acid oxidation was beneficial in ameliorating irradiation-induced testicular injury. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data suggest that dibucaine ameliorates irradiation-induced testicular injury in mice by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in Leydig cells. This will provide novel ideas for the treatment of irradiation-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Ran
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhixiang Gao
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China.
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China.
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17
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Ran L, Gao Z, Chen Q, Ran Y, Duan N, Hu G, Lu X, Xia R, Li Q, Cui F, Liu X, Xue B. Improving effects of telmisartan on spermatogenic disorder induced by fractionated low-dose irradiation in mice. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:1427-1439. [PMID: 37093439 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male infertility is a hot problem worldwide, but there are few treatments, especially male infertility caused by irradiation is difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate novel drugs for the treatment of male infertility caused by irradiation. METHODS we randomly divided 18 male BALB/c mice into 3 groups: control, irradiated, and telmisartan. Both irradiated and telmisartan group completed whole-body 0.5 Gy five times irradiation, and the telmisartan group received intraperitoneal injection of telmisartan (1.2 mg/kg) daily on the next day after irradiation, and all groups were sampled on day 25 after irradiation. RESULTS Sperm motility results show that total sperm motility of irradiated group was significantly lower compared with control group, and testicular HE results showed that testis in irradiated group were severely damaged. Compared with irradiated group, the total sperm motility, sperm concentration, testicular index, Johnsen score, and the seminiferous tubule layer numbers were higher in telmisartan group (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical staining showed γ-H2AX expression is higher in telmisartan group compared with irradiated group. And the relative mRNA expression of PLZF, GFRA1, STRA8, DMRT1, SPO11, SYCP2, OVOL2, CCNA1, TJP3, RUNX2, TXNDC2 TNP1, and PRM3 in telmisartan group was all significantly higher than irradiated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, in vivo experiments confirmed that telmisartan ameliorated the spermatogenic disorder in mice caused by fractionated low-dose irradiation via promoting spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Ran
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhixiang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanshuai Ran
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nengliang Duan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangmo Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renlan Xia
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Burke ND, Nixon B, Roman SD, Schjenken JE, Walters JLH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG. Male infertility and somatic health - insights into lipid damage as a mechanistic link. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:727-750. [PMID: 36100661 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mounting evidence has shown an alarming association between male subfertility and poor somatic health, with substantial evidence supporting the increased incidence of oncological disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases in men who have previously received a subfertility diagnosis. This paradigm is concerning, but might also provide a novel window for a crucial health reform in which the infertile phenotype could serve as an indication of potential pathological conditions. One of the major limiting factors in this association is the poor understanding of the molecular features that link infertility with comorbidities across the life course. Enzymes involved in the lipid oxidation process might provide novel clues to reconcile the mechanistic basis of infertility with incident pathological conditions. Building research capacity in this area is essential to enhance the early detection of disease states and provide crucial information about the disease risk of offspring conceived through assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burke
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Drug Development, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L H Walters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Agarwal MS, Kelly KB, Papanikolaou P, Kirby N, Ha CS. Unique approaches for testicular shielding during total-body irradiation for pediatric patients. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 24:e13842. [PMID: 36355034 PMCID: PMC9859990 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Total-body irradiation (TBI) has been used as a part of the conditioning regimen for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for certain nonmalignant conditions such as sickle cell disease. Although effective, TBI can cause lasting side effects for pediatric patients. One of these potential side effects includes oligospermia or even permanent azoospermia. Although many investigators have studied ways to shield the testicles during the TBI for nonmalignant conditions, there is no set standard. We describe the technical aspects of effective techniques to shield the testicles of male pediatric patients undergoing TBI. We verified that our techniques reduced the testicular dose by approximately 80%-85% of the TBI prescription dose in four male pediatric patients, keeping the dose well below the documented doses that can cause permanent infertility and hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Shiv Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Kathryn Bales Kelly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Panos Papanikolaou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Neil Kirby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Chul Soo Ha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
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20
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Amer ME, Othman AI, Abozaid HM, El-Missiry MA. Utility of melatonin in mitigating ionizing radiation-induced testis injury through synergistic interdependence of its biological properties. Biol Res 2022; 55:33. [PMID: 36333811 PMCID: PMC9636653 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiations (IR) have widespread useful applications in our daily life; however, they have unfavorable effects on reproductive health. Maintaining testicular health following IR exposure is an important requirement for reproductive potential. The current study explored the role of melatonin (MLT) in mitigating IR-induced injury in young adult rat testis. Methods Rats were given daily MLT (25 mg/kg) for 3 and 14 days after receiving 4 Gy γ-radiation. Results Serum MLT levels and other antioxidants, including glutathione content, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the testis of the irradiated rats were remarkably maintained by MLT administration in irradiated rats. Hence, the hydrogen peroxide level declined with remarkably reduced formation of oxidative stress markers, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the testis of irradiated animals after MLT administration. The redox status improvement caused a remarkable regression of proapoptotic protein (p53, Cyto-c, and caspase-3) in the testis and improved inflammatory cytokines (CRP and IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin IL-10) in serum. This is associated with restoration of disturbed sex hormonal balance, androgen receptor upregulation, and testicular cell proliferation activity in irradiated rats, explaining the improvement of sperm parameters (count, motility, viability, and deformation). Consequently, spermatogenic cell depletion and decreased seminiferous tubule diameter and perimeter were attenuated by MLT treatment post irradiation. Moreover, the testis of irradiated-MLT-treated rats showed well-organized histological architecture and normal sperm morphology. Conclusions These results show that radiation-induced testicular injury is mitigated following IR exposure through synergistic interdependence between the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-DNA damage actions of MLT.
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21
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Dose-Volume Constraints fOr oRganS At risk In Radiotherapy (CORSAIR): An "All-in-One" Multicenter-Multidisciplinary Practical Summary. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:7021-7050. [PMID: 36290829 PMCID: PMC9600677 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safe use of radiotherapy (RT) requires compliance with dose/volume constraints (DVCs) for organs at risk (OaRs). However, the available recommendations are sometimes conflicting and scattered across a number of different documents. Therefore, the aim of this work is to provide, in a single document, practical indications on DVCs for OaRs in external beam RT available in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multidisciplinary team collected bibliographic information on the anatomical definition of OaRs, on the imaging methods needed for their definition, and on DVCs in general and in specific settings (curative RT of Hodgkin's lymphomas, postoperative RT of breast tumors, curative RT of pediatric cancers, stereotactic ablative RT of ventricular arrythmia). The information provided in terms of DVCs was graded based on levels of evidence. RESULTS Over 650 papers/documents/websites were examined. The search results, together with the levels of evidence, are presented in tabular form. CONCLUSIONS A working tool, based on collected guidelines on DVCs in different settings, is provided to help in daily clinical practice of RT departments. This could be a first step for further optimizations.
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22
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Haritwal T, Kalra N, Agrawala PK. Mitigation of radiation injury to reproductive system of male mice by Trichostatin A. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 881:503522. [PMID: 36031339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA), derived from the bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus, is a hydroxamic acid having various biological properties such as histone deacetylase inhibition, anticancer and radiomitigative action. However the mitigative activity of TSA against radiation-induced damages in the mouse reproductive system has not yet been elucidated. The present study unraveled the effects of 2 Gy whole body irradiation (60Co γ- radiation) on C57BL/6 mice male reproductive system including structural damages to testes, increase in apoptosis and reduction in germ cell viability, reduced fertility as well as increased genomic instability in the next generation. Moreover, hematological study and micronuclei assay were used to record chances of radiation-induced hematologic cancer and disruption of genomic integrity in F1 generation. Interestingly, TSA administration 1 and 24 h post-irradiation attenuated radiation-induced morphological damage and cellular apoptosis in testes. In male mice, TSA restored hematological parameters and micronuclei frequency to normal levels, restored sperm viability, and helped them overcome radiation-induced temporary sterility 5 weeks after the irradiation. Thus our results showed that TSA reduced the probability of radiation-induced hematologic cancers as well as genotoxicity and restored genomic integrity in the progenies of paternally exposed mice by reducing radiation-induced apoptosis in spermatogenic cells and restoring cell proliferation. This study suggested that TSA could be used as potential radiomitigator for male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Haritwal
- Radiation Genetics and Epigenetics, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Namita Kalra
- Radiation Genetics and Epigenetics, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Paban K Agrawala
- Radiation Genetics and Epigenetics, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
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23
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Miranda EP, Schofield E, Matsushita K, Katz DJ, Nelson CJ, Benfante N, Mulhall JP. Luteinizing Hormone Suppression Profiles in Men Treated With Exogenous Testosterone. J Sex Med 2022; 19:1359-1365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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dos Santos LLM, Alves MG, Chies AB, Spadella MA. Losartan Attenuates Radiation-Induced Damage on Testes and Accelerates Tubular Regeneration. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 4:904804. [PMID: 36303628 PMCID: PMC9580693 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.904804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Male germ cells are particularly susceptible to radiation; infertility being a common consequence after radiotherapy as it impairs spermatogenesis. This study aimed to test whether treatment with losartan (LOS), a selective antagonist of angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 (AT1R), can prevent or attenuate the acute and long-term radiation-induced damage to testes. Wistar rats were randomly distributed into six groups, three of which were studied on day 2 after irradiation: control (CTRL 2), irradiated non-treated (IR 2), and irradiated and treated with LOS (IRLOS 2); and three other groups that were studied on day 60 after irradiation: control (CTRL 60), irradiated non-treated (IR 60), and irradiated and treated with LOS (IRLOS 60). Seven consecutive days before and on the day of irradiation with 2.5 Gy directly administered in the scrotum, the animals were treated with LOS (34 mg/kg/two times/day). This treatment was continued 2 or 60 days after irradiation. The sperm quality was assessed from epididymis cauda. In addition, the testes were submitted to histopathological and morphometric-stereological analysis as well as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) quantification. Serum FSH and LH and plasma testosterone levels were also determined. The data obtained 2 days after the irradiation showed germ cell apoptosis, formation of vacuoles in the seminiferous epithelium, sloughing of germ cells into the lumen, and retention and phagocytosis of step-19 spermatids in Sertoli basal cytoplasm. The treatment with LOS in this period did not prevent or attenuate a radio-induced damage to the testes, illustrating that this drug does not protect against apoptosis derived from direct effects of radiation. On the other hand, 60 days after exposure, the data evidenced the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on the testes as decreasing of testicular, epididymal, and seminal vesicle masses; tubular atrophy; reduction of cellular proliferation; and loss of germ cells. LOS was able to prevent some of those deleterious effects, promoting improvements in seminal vesicle mass, sperm vitality, plasma testosterone levels, vacuole number, and cell proliferation. In conclusion, inhibition of the AngII/AT1R axis by LOS is effective in protecting the indirect/delayed radiation damage resulting from oxidative stress established in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco G. Alves
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology and Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Agnaldo Bruno Chies
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Marília Medical School – FAMEMA, Marília, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Spadella
- Laboratory of Human Embryology, Marília Medical School – FAMEMA, Marília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Angélica Spadella
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25
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Dimethyl Sulfoxide Attenuates Radiation-Induced Testicular Injury through Facilitating DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9137812. [PMID: 35770047 PMCID: PMC9236762 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9137812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The testis is susceptible to ionizing radiation, and male infertility and sexual dysfunction are prevalent problems after whole-body or local radiation exposure. Currently, there is no approved agent for the prevention or treatment of radiation-induced testicular injury. Herein, we investigated the radioprotective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an organosulfur compound that acts as a free radical scavenger, on testicular injury. Treatment of mice with a single dose of DMSO prior to 5 Gy irradiation restored sex hormones and attenuated the reduction in testis weight. Histological analyses revealed that DMSO alleviated the distorted architecture of seminiferous tubules and promoted seminiferous epithelium regeneration following irradiation. Moreover, DMSO provided quantitative and qualitative protection for sperm and preserved spermatogenesis and fertility in male mice. Mechanistically, DMSO treatment enhanced GFRα-1+ spermatogonial stem cell and c-Kit+ spermatogonial survival and regeneration after radiation. DMSO also alleviated radiation-induced oxidative stress and suppressed radiation-induced germ cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, DMSO efficiently reduced DNA damage accumulation and induced the expression of phosph-BRCA1, BRCA1, and RAD51 proteins, indicating that DMSO facilitates DNA damage repair with a bias toward homologous recombination. In summary, our findings demonstrate the radioprotective efficacy of DMSO on the male reproductive system, which warrants further studies for future application in the preservation of male fertility during conventional radiotherapy and nuclear accidents.
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26
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Evolution of the World Health Organization semen analysis manual: where are we? Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:439-446. [PMID: 35523961 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The WHO (World Health Organization) manuals provide state-of-the-art guidance on how a semen analysis should be carried out. The much anticipated sixth edition of the WHO semen analysis manual has been released 10 years after its previous version and includes essential updates, such as new reference standards for semen volume and microscopic sperm characteristics of recent fathers. A well-conducted semen analysis remains an essential foundation of the infertility evaluation process and affects patient referral, diagnosis and treatment. However, a male infertility work-up primarily based on routine semen analysis does not provide men with an optimal fertility pathway; the primary reasons for routine semen analysis inadequacy in this context include its low predictive value for natural and assisted conception success, its inability to detect sperm DNA and epigenetic deficiencies that might negatively affect embryo development, implantation and offspring well-being, and the substantial overlap between semen parameters of fertile and subfertile individuals. Ideally, a full andrological assessment should be carried out by reproductive urologists in all men dealing with couple infertility and should include a detailed history analysis, physical examination, semen analysis, endocrine assessment and other tests as needed. Only through a complete male infertility work-up will relevant underlying medical and infertility conditions be revealed and potentially treated or alleviated. The ultimate goals of a comprehensive andrological assessment are to positively influence overall male health, pregnancy prospects and offspring well-being.
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27
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Fukunaga H, Yokoya A, Prise KM. A Brief Overview of Radiation-Induced Effects on Spermatogenesis and Oncofertility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030805. [PMID: 35159072 PMCID: PMC8834293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spermatogenesis is one of the most important processes for the propagation of life; however, the testes’ ability to form sperm via this differentiation process is highly radiosensitive and easily impacted by exposure to environmental, occupational, or therapeutic radiation. Furthermore, the possibility that radiation effects on the gonads can be passed on from generation to generation should not be overlooked. This review focuses on the radiation-induced effects on spermatogenesis and the transgenerational effects. We also explore the potential of novel radiobiological approaches to improve male fertility preservation during radiotherapy. Abstract The genotoxicity of radiation on germ cells may be passed on to the next generation, thus its elucidation is not only a scientific issue but also an ethical, legal, and social issue in modern society. In this article, we briefly overview the effects of radiation on spermatogenesis and its associated genotoxicity, including the latest findings in the field of radiobiology. The potential role of transgenerational effects is still poorly understood, and further research in this area is desirable. Furthermore, from the perspective of oncofertility, we discuss the historical background and clinical importance of preserving male fertility during radiation treatment and the potential of microbeam radiotherapy. We hope that this review will contribute to stimulating further discussions and investigations for therapies for pediatric and adolescent/young adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Kevin M. Prise
- Patrick G Johnstone Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
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28
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Saliev T, Fakhradiyev I, Tanabayeva S, Assanova Y, Toishybek D, Kazybayeva A, Tanabayev B, Sikhymbaev M, Alimbayeva A, Toishibekov Y. "Radio-Protective Effect of Aminocaproic Acid in Human Spermatozoa". Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1462-1472. [PMID: 35021023 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2027540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative effects of ionizing radiation on organs and the reproductive system are well known and documented. Exposure to gamma radiation can lead to oligospermia, azoospermia and DNA damage. Up to date, there is no effective pharmaceutical compound for protecting the male reproductive system and sperm. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the ability of Ɛ-aminocaproic acid (EACA) to prevent the damage of human spermatozoa and DNA induced by ionizing radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sperm samples were obtained from healthy volunteers (35 men; 31.50 ± 7.34 years old). There were 4 experimental groups: 1) control group (CG), 2) group exposed to maximal radiation dose 67.88 mGy (RMAX), 3) low-dose radiation (minimal) 22.62 mGy (RMIN), and 4) group treated with radiation (67.88 mGy) and EACA (dose 50 ng/ml). Sperm motility, viability, and DNA damage were assessed. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in total sperm motility of the RMAX group compared to CG (p < 0.05). Sperm viability in the RMAX group was also reduced in comparison to the control (p < 0.05). A significant increase in DNA fragmentation was detected in the RMAX group. The results demonstrated that the treatment of sperm with EACA led to a decrease in the fragmentation of the sperm DNA (compared to the RMAX group) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicate that EACA effectively protects human spermatozoa from DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. Treatment of spermatozoa with EACA led to the preservation of cell motility, viability, and DNA integrity upon radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Shynar Tanabayeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Yelena Assanova
- F.M. Muhamedgaliev Institute of Experimental Biology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinmukhamed Toishybek
- F.M. Muhamedgaliev Institute of Experimental Biology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Embryo Technology Labs, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Kazybayeva
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Clinic of Reproduction and Anti Age, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Marat Sikhymbaev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Yerzhan Toishibekov
- F.M. Muhamedgaliev Institute of Experimental Biology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Embryo Technology Labs, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Srivasatav S, Mishra J, Keshari P, Verma S, Aditi R. Impact of Radiation on Male Fertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:71-82. [PMID: 36472817 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In today's time, environmental aspects, lifestyle changes, and person's health coalesce to form stupendous impact on the fertility. All of us are knowingly or unknowingly exposed to several types of radiation. These can lead to collection of early and delayed adverse effects of which infertility is one. A spurt in the number of cases of male infertility may be attributed to intense exposure to heat, pesticides, radiations, radioactivity, and other hazardous substances. Radiation both ionizing and non-ionizing can lead to adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Though thermal and non-thermal interactions of radiation with biological tissue can't be ruled out, most studies emphasize on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, radiation pathophysiology also involves the role of kinases in cellular metabolism, endocrine system, genotoxicity, and genomic instability. In this study, we intend to describe a detailed literature on the impact of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on male reproductive system and understand its consequences leading to the phenomenon of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Srivasatav
- Department of Pathology, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Govt, Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Priyanka Keshari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailza Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raina Aditi
- Department of Pathology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Anwarpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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30
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Uehara T, Monzen H, Tamura M, Inada M, Otsuka M, Doi H, Matsumoto K, Nishimura Y. Feasibility study of volumetric modulated arc therapy with Halcyon™ linac for total body irradiation. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:236. [PMID: 34906180 PMCID: PMC8670260 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of total body irradiation (TBI) with linac-based volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has been steadily increasing. Helical tomotherapy has been applied in TBI and total marrow irradiation to reduce the dose to critical organs, especially the lungs. However, the methodology of TBI with Halcyon™ linac remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether VMAT with Halcyon™ linac can be clinically used for TBI. Methods VMAT planning with Halcyon™ linac was conducted using a whole-body computed tomography data set. The planning target volume (PTV) included the body cropped 3 mm from the source. A dose of 12 Gy in six fractions was prescribed for 50% of the PTV. The organs at risk (OARs) included the lens, lungs, kidneys, and testes. Results The PTV D98%, D95%, D50%, and D2% were 8.9 (74.2%), 10.1 (84.2%), 12.6 (105%), and 14.2 Gy (118%), respectively. The homogeneity index was 0.42. For OARs, the Dmean of the lungs, kidneys, lens, and testes were 9.6, 8.5, 8.9, and 4.4 Gy, respectively. The V12Gy of the lungs and kidneys were 4.5% and 0%, respectively. The Dmax of the testes was 5.8 Gy. Contouring took 1–2 h. Dose calculation and optimization was performed for 3–4 h. Quality assurance (QA) took 2–3 h. The treatment duration was 23 min. Conclusions A planning study of TBI with Halcyon™ to set up VMAT-TBI, dosimetric evaluation, and pretreatment QA, was established. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13014-021-01959-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Uehara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Monzen
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Mikoto Tamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Otsuka
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Yang C, Li P, Li Z. Clinical application of aromatase inhibitors to treat male infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 28:30-50. [PMID: 34871401 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility affects 15% of men and contributes to nearly half of all cases of infertility. Infertile men usually have impaired spermatogenesis, presenting as azoospermia or various degrees of asthenospermia and oligozoospermia. Spermatogenesis is a complex and coordinated process, which is under precise modulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. An aberrant hormone profile, especially an imbalance between testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), plays an essential role in male infertility. In the male, E2 is produced mainly from the conversion of T by the aromatase enzyme. Theoretically, reducing an abnormally elevated T:E2 ratio using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) could restore the balance between T and E2 and optimize the HPG axis to support spermatogenesis. For decades, AIs have been used to treat male infertility empirically. However, owing to the lack of large-scale randomized controlled studies and basic research, the treatment efficacy and safety of AIs in male infertility remain controversial. Therefore, there is a need to summarize the clinical trials and relevant basic research on the application of AIs in the treatment of male infertility. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this narrative review, we summarized the application of AIs in the treatment of male infertility, including the pharmacological mechanisms involved, clinical trials focused on patients with different types of infertility, factors affecting treatment efficacy and the side-effects. SEARCH METHODS A literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE, focusing on publications in the past four decades concerning the use of AIs for treating male infertility. The search terms included AI, male infertility, letrozole, anastrozole, testolactone, azoospermia, oligozoospermia, aromatase polymorphisms, obesity and antiestrogens, in various combinations. OUTCOMES Clinical studies demonstrate that AIs, especially nonsteroidal letrozole and anastrozole, could significantly inhibit the production of E2 and its negative feedback on the HPG axis, resulting in increased T and FSH production as well as improved semen parameters in infertile men. Large-scale surveys suggest that obesity may result in symptoms of hypogonadism in both fertile and infertile males, such as decreased semen quality and attenuated sexual function, which can be improved by AIs treatment. Polymorphisms of the aromatase gene CYP19A1, including single nucleotide polymorphisms and tetranucleotide TTTA repeats polymorphism (TTTAn), also influence hormone profiles, semen quality and treatment efficacy of AIs in male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility. The side-effects of AIs in treating male infertility are various, but most are mild and well tolerated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The application of AIs in treating male infertility has been off-label and empirical for decades. This narrative review has summarized the target patients, dose, treatment duration and side-effects of AIs. Polymorphisms of CYP19A1 that may affect AIs treatment efficacy were also summarized, but a full understanding of the mechanisms involved in AIs action requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Andrology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Andrology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wieckowski M, Ranga S, Moison D, Messiaen S, Abdallah S, Granon S, Habert R, Rouiller-Fabre V, Livera G, Guerquin MJ. Unexpected Interacting Effects of Physical (Radiation) and Chemical (Bisphenol A) Treatments on Male Reproductive Functions in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111808. [PMID: 34769238 PMCID: PMC8584123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, numerous chemical pollutants have been described to interfere with endogenous hormone metabolism/signaling altering reproductive functions. Among these endocrine disrupting substances, Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used compound, is known to negatively impact germ and somatic cells in the testis. Physical agents, such as ionizing radiation, were also described to perturb spermatogenesis. Despite the fact that we are constantly exposed to numerous environmental chemical and physical compounds, very few studies explore the impact of combined exposure to chemical and physical pollutants on reproductive health. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of fetal co-exposure to BPA and IR on testicular function in mice. We exposed pregnant mice to 10 µM BPA (corresponding to 0.5 mg/kg/day) in drinking water from 10.5 dpc until birth, and we irradiated mice with 0.2 Gy (γ-ray, RAD) at 12.5 days post-conception. Co-exposure to BPA and γ-ray induces DNA damage in fetal germ cells in an additive manner, leading to a long-lasting decrease in germ cell abundance. We also observed significant alteration of adult steroidogenesis by RAD exposure independently of the BPA exposure. This is illustrated by the downregulation of steroidogenic genes and the decrease of the number of adult Leydig cells. As a consequence, courtship behavior is modified, and male ultrasonic vocalizations associated with courtship decreased. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the importance of broadening the concept of endocrine disruptors to include physical agents, leading to a reevaluation of risk management and regulatory decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphanie Ranga
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Delphine Moison
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sébastien Messiaen
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sonia Abdallah
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute (Neuro-PSI), CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, 91400 Saclay, France;
- Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - René Habert
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Virginie Rouiller-Fabre
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (M.-J.G.)
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMR-008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiations, Université de Paris, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (M.W.); (S.R.); (D.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.); (R.H.); (V.R.-F.)
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA/DRF/IBFJ/IRCM, 98 Route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (M.-J.G.)
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Manisaligil YA, Gumustekin M, Micili SC, Ural C, Cavdar Z, Sisman G, Yurt A. The role of small GTPase Rac1 in ionizing radiation-induced testicular damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:41-49. [PMID: 34597250 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1988752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main acute and late effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms are the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and DNA damage. Since the Rac1 molecule is a subunit of the NADPH oxidase enzyme, it is known to participate in the generation of ROS. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Rac1 molecule in testicular damage induced by low (0.02 Gy), medium (0.1 Gy) and high (5 Gy) dose irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHOD In this study, Wistar rats (except the control group) were received whole body X-ray irradiation. Testicular tissues were removed 2 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after radiation exposure. Testicular damage was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Johnsen's score. Immunohistochemical staining and G-LISA method were used to determine Rac1 expression and activation. To evaluate the generation of ROS in the testicular tissues, intracellular ROS, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. RESULTS Increases in testicular damage were detected in all radiation exposed groups in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared to the control group, Rac1 expression decreased in all irradiated groups, while Rac1 activation increased. In addition, intracellular ROS and MDA levels were increased and SOD activity levels decreased in the irradiated groups compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Rac1 has a role in the increase of intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation which led to an increase in radiation- induced testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Aysun Manisaligil
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Medical Imaging Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Gumustekin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Cilaker Micili
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahide Cavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Sisman
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Yurt
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Medical Imaging Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Bruce A, De C, Golmohamad R, Habeebullah A, Sikand M, Gulati A. Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Radiation Exposure During Hip Fracture Fixation: A Study Combining Surgical Experience and Fracture Complexity. Cureus 2021; 13:e17393. [PMID: 34584803 PMCID: PMC8457677 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Hip fracture fixation surgeries are one of the most common surgeries that every trauma unit does regularly. Surgical training and expertise to fix these fractures properly are quite crucial for every orthopaedic surgeon. Therefore, orthopaedic training programmes all over the world consider significant focus on this and teach trainee surgeons expectantly to manage these fractures independently. Surgical fixation of hip fractures often requires fluoroscopy assistance in the operating theatre with associated hazards from ionising radiation. Moreover, hip fractures can be sometimes quite complex and may require relatively more fluoroscopy usage even with the higher grade of the operating surgeons. Therefore, training need for hip fracture fixation surgery is imperative and there is also a need for intraoperative radiation safety. This study has tried to find a balance between intraoperative fluoroscopic radiation exposure, surgical training requirement, and hip fracture complexity. Methodology This single centre study has collected retrospective peri-operative data over a period of two years including hip fractures that required fluoroscopy-guided surgical fixation. Femoral head fractures, subtrochanteric fractures, diaphyseal fractures, and trochanteric fractures with associated pelvic fractures were excluded from the study. We collected data on demographic parameters, fracture complexity and grading (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA] Classification), intraoperative ionising radiation exposure (centi-Gray/cm2), and grade of the operating surgeon in order to find any relation between these factors. Results Total 268 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 81.8 years (SD 9.3) comprising of 83 (31%) male patients and 185 (69%) female patients. The study population was further stratified into three groups depending upon the operating grade of the surgeon: ‘Junior Trainee’ (<five years of experience; 77 cases [29%]); ‘Senior Trainee’ (>five years of experience; 148 cases [55%]); and ‘Consultant’ (fully trained to practice independently; 43 cases [16%]). There was no statistically significant difference among these three sub-groups with regards to the age (p = 0.79), gender (p = 0.73), body mass index (p = 0.46), and fracture pattern (p = 0.96) of the patients. However, consultants tend to operate more on the higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade patients (p = 0.049) with more comorbidities. There was statistically significant higher fluoroscopic radiation exposure while junior trainee surgeons (p = 0.005) were operating and during the higher complex grade of hip fracture (p = <0.001) fixation. Conclusion In conclusion, the quantity of intra-operative radiation dose utilised in the surgical fixation of hip fractures is significantly associated with the grade and level of training of the operating surgeon and fracture complexity type. The results of this study emphasise and support the importance of comprehensive, supervised, and structured orthopaedic training for in-theatre radiation safety. It is recommended to have a safe balance between teaching, learning, and prevention of ionising radiation hazards in order to optimally achieve trainee’s professional development with successful patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Bruce
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Chiranjit De
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Ramez Golmohamad
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | | | - Manoj Sikand
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Aashish Gulati
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, GBR
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Fukunaga H. Stem Cell Migration: A Possible Mechanism for the Tissue-Sparing Effect of Spatially Fractionated Radiation. Radiat Res 2021; 196:680-685. [PMID: 34496025 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00134.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell responses in tissues after exposure to radiation are of significance for maintaining tissue functions. From the point of view of stem cell characteristics, this article seeks to illustrate some contributions of microbeam research to spatially fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT), such as grid radiotherapy and microbeam radiotherapy. Although the tissue-sparing response after SFRT was first reported more than a century ago, current radiation dose-volume metrics are still unable to accurately predict such tissue-level changes in response to spatially fractionated radiation fields. However, microbeam approaches could contribute to uncovering the mechanisms of tissue response, significantly improving the outcomes of SFRT and reducing its adverse effects. Studies with microbeams have shown that the testicular tissue-sparing effect for maintaining spermatogenesis after exposure to spatially fractionated radiation depends on biological parameters, such as the radiation dose distribution at the microscale level for tissue-specific stem cells and the microenvironment, or niche. This indicates that stem cell survival, migration, and repopulation are involved in the tissue-level changes during or after SFRT. The illustration of microbeam applications in this article focuses on the stem cell migration as a possible mechanism of the tissue-sparing effect for preserving functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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36
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An intratumoral injectable nanozyme hydrogel for hypoxia-resistant thermoradiotherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:112026. [PMID: 34384974 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia in local tumors leads to the failure or resistance of radiotherapy (RT) and high-dose RT will cause systemic reactions and local radiation damage. As a non-chemotherapeutic intervention, photothermal therapy (PTT) can remove tumor tissues through thermal ablation as well as effectively improve the microenvironment of hypoxic cells. Therefore, the combined use of PTT and RT (thermoradiotherapy) has urgently become an efficient treatment. In this work, by encapsulating prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles in agarose hydrogel, we developed an injectable hybrid light-controlled hydrogel system as a PB reservoir and release controller (PRC) which can realize single injection and multiple treatments in vivo. Under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser, PB nanoparticles convert laser energy into heat energy, causing degradation of agarose hydrogel and the release of PB nanoparticles. Due to the excellent photothermal properties of PB, photothermal treatment in the NIR Biological Windows can greatly enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to RT. Meanwhile, PB nanoparticles can also be a nanozyme to drive the decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and then generate oxygen (O2) to improve the tumor hypoxic microenvironment, achieving the further enhancement of the radiation sensitivity. Notably, this study is the first design to utilize hydrogel for thermoradiotherapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, the PRC demonstrated excellent effects of PTT-RT, good stability and biocompatibility, indicating our nanoplatform promote the development of anti-cancer combination thermoradiotherapy with greater clinical significance.
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Takahashi Y, Kioka H, Fukuhara S, Kuribayashi S, Saito S, Asano Y, Takashima S, Yoshioka Y, Sakata Y. Visualization of Spatial Distribution of Spermatogenesis in Mouse Testes Using Creatine Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1457-1465. [PMID: 34056801 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When determining treatment strategies for male infertility, it is important to evaluate spermatogenesis and its spatial distribution in the testes. PURPOSE To investigate the usefulness of creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CrCEST) imaging for evaluating spermatogenesis and its spatial distribution. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL C57BL/6 control mice (n = 5) and model mice of male infertility induced by whole testis X-ray irradiation (n = 11) or localized X-ray irradiation to lower regions of testes (n = 3). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 11.7-T vertical-bore magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/segmented fast low-angle shot acquisition for CEST. ASSESSMENT The magnetization transfer ratio for the CrCEST effect (MTRCr* ) was calculated in each testis of the control mice and X-ray irradiation model mice at 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after irradiation. Correlation analysis was performed between MTRCr* and Johnsen's score, a histological score for spermatogenesis. In the localized X-ray irradiation model, regional MTRCr* and Johnsen's score were calculated for correlation analysis. STATISTICAL TESTS Unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD test and Pearson's correlation analysis. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the irradiation model, CrCEST imaging revealed a significant linear decrease of MTRCr* after irradiation (control, 8.7 ± 0.6; 10 days, 7.9 ± 0.8; 15 days, 6.5 ± 0.6; 20 days, 5.4 ± 1.0; 30 days, 4.4 ± 0.8). A significant linear correlation was found between MTRCr* and Johnsen's score (Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) = 0.79). In the localized irradiation model, CrCEST imaging visualized a significant regional decrease of MTRCr* in the unshielded region (shielded, 6.9 ± 0.7; unshielded, 4.9 ± 1.0), and a significant linear correlation was found between regional MTRCr* and Johnsen's score (r = 0.78). DATA CONCLUSION Testicular CrCEST effects correlated well with spermatogenesis. CrCEST imaging was useful for evaluating spermatogenesis and its spatial distribution. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sohei Kuribayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Osaka University and Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Yasmin E, Mitchell R, Lane S. Preservation of fertility in teenagers and young adults treated for haematological malignancies. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2021; 8:e149-e160. [PMID: 33513374 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As survival rates in teenagers and young adults diagnosed with haematological malignancies now exceed 70%, it is important that long-term quality of life, including measures to protect future fertility, are considered and discussed with patients and their families. Although discussion on the effect of planned cancer treatment on fertility is standard of care, knowledge of potential fertility treatment options and when they should be offered in haematological malignancies is not always so clear. In each case, the advice on the appropriate preservation of fertility depends upon a complex interplay of factors, weighing out the risk of future infertility against the risk of fertility preservation treatment, and recommendations must be made on a case-by-case basis. The aim of this Review is to evaluate the gonadotoxicity of treatments of prevalent haematological malignancies in teenagers and young adults, and provide an evidence-based framework to help with fertility discussion and management at the time of diagnosis, relapse or resistant disease, and in long-term follow-up settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephia Yasmin
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Rod Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sheila Lane
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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de la Motte L, Custovic S, Tapper J, Arver S, Martling A, Buchli C. Effect of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer on spermatogenesis. Br J Surg 2021; 108:750-753. [PMID: 33793750 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer was found to result in a dose-dependent impairment of spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function, reflected both by decreased sperm count and characteristic changes in hormonal response, with signs of partial recovery between 12 and 24 months after surgery. Decreased semen volume was also observed, indicating ejaculatory tract dysfunction, that seemed to be longer-lasting and not related to testicular dose. This threatens fertility in men treated for rectal cancer, and suggests that pretreatment cryopreservation and anticonception after treatment should be discussed individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de la Motte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Custovic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Tapper
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Arver
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Martling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Buchli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Krzastek SC, Farhi J, Gray M, Smith RP. Impact of environmental toxin exposure on male fertility potential. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 9:2797-2813. [PMID: 33457251 PMCID: PMC7807371 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic infertility is the most common individual diagnosis in male infertility, representing nearly 44% of cases. Research studies dating over the last half-century consistently demonstrate a decline in male fertility that is incompletely explained by obesity, known genetic causes, or diet and lifestyle changes alone. Human exposures have changed dramatically over the same time course as this fertility decline. Synthetic chemicals surround us. Some are benevolent; however, many are known to cause disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and impair spermatogenesis. More than 80,000 chemicals are registered with the United States National Toxicology Program and nearly 2,000 new chemicals are introduced each year. Many of these are known toxins, such as phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and organophosphate esters, and have been banned or significantly restricted by other countries as they carry known carcinogenic effects and are reproductively toxic. In the United States, many of these chemicals are still permissible in exposure levels known to cause reproductive harm. This contrasts to other chemical regulatory legislature, such as the European Union’s REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) regulations which are more comprehensive and restrictive. Quantification of these diverse exposures on an individual level has proven challenging, although forthcoming technologies may soon make this data available to consumers. Establishing causality and the proportion of idiopathic infertility attributable to environmental toxin exposures remains elusive, however, continued investigation, avoidance of exposure, and mitigation of risk is essential to our reproductive health. The aim of this review is to examine the literature linking changes in male fertility to some of the most common environmental exposures. Specifically, pesticides and herbicides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), organophosphates and atrazine, endocrine disrupting compounds including plastic compounds phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), heavy metals, natural gas/oil, non-ionizing radiation, air and noise pollution, lifestyle factors including diet, obesity, caffeine use, smoking, alcohol and drug use, as well as commonly prescribed medications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Krzastek
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Division of Urology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jack Farhi
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Marisa Gray
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ryan P Smith
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Calvert L, Green MP, De Iuliis GN, Dun MD, Turner BD, Clarke BO, Eamens AL, Roman SD, Nixon B. Assessment of the Emerging Threat Posed by Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to Male Reproduction in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:799043. [PMID: 35356147 PMCID: PMC8959433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.799043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Per-fluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of synthetic fluorinated chemicals used widely in industry and consumer products. Due to their extensive use and chemical stability, PFAS are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and as such, form an emerging risk factor for male reproductive health. The long half-lives of PFAS is of particular concern as the propensity to accumulate in biological systems prolong the time taken for excretion, taking years in many cases. Accordingly, there is mounting evidence supporting a negative association between PFAS exposure and an array of human health conditions. However, inconsistencies among epidemiological and experimental findings have hindered the ability to definitively link negative reproductive outcomes to specific PFAS exposure. This situation highlights the requirement for further investigation and the identification of reliable biological models that can inform health risks, allowing sensitive assessment of the spectrum of effects of PFAS exposure on humans. Here, we review the literature on the biological effects of PFAS exposure, with a specific focus on male reproduction, owing to its utility as a sentinel marker of general health. Indeed, male infertility has increasingly been shown to serve as an early indicator of a range of co-morbidities such as coronary, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. It follows that adverse associations have been established between PFAS exposure and the incidence of testicular dysfunction, including pathologies such as testicular cancer and a reduction in semen quality. We also give consideration to the mechanisms that render the male reproductive tract vulnerable to PFAS mediated damage, and discuss novel remediation strategies to mitigate the negative impact of PFAS contamination and/or to ameliorate the PFAS load of exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Calvert
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle NSW, Australia
| | - Mark P. Green
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffry N. De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle NSW, Australia
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett D. Turner
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Bradley O. Clarke
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun D. Roman
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Drug Development, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Brett Nixon,
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Dcunha R, Hussein RS, Ananda H, Kumari S, Adiga SK, Kannan N, Zhao Y, Kalthur G. Current Insights and Latest Updates in Sperm Motility and Associated Applications in Assisted Reproduction. Reprod Sci 2020; 29:7-25. [PMID: 33289064 PMCID: PMC7721202 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermatozoon is a motile cell with a special ability to travel through the woman’s reproductive tract and fertilize an oocyte. To reach and penetrate the oocyte, spermatozoa should possess progressive motility. Therefore, motility is an important parameter during both natural and assisted conception. The global trend of progressive reduction in the number and motility of healthy spermatozoa in the ejaculate is associated with increased risk of infertility. Therefore, developing approaches for maintaining or enhancing human sperm motility has been an important area of investigation. In this review we discuss the physiology of sperm, molecular pathways regulating sperm motility, risk factors affecting sperm motility, and the role of sperm motility in fertility outcomes. In addition, we discuss various pharmacological agents and biomolecules that can enhance sperm motility in vitro and in vivo conditions to improve assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. This article opens dialogs to help toxicologists, clinicians, andrologists, and embryologists in understanding the mechanism of factors influencing sperm motility and various management strategies to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyon Dcunha
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Reda S Hussein
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University, Assiut City, Egypt
| | - Hanumappa Ananda
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sandhya Kumari
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yulian Zhao
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India. .,Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Agbele AT, Fasoro OJ, Fabamise OM, Oluyide OO, Idolor OR, Bamise EA. Protection Against Ionizing Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Damage by Resveratrol: A Systematic Review. Eurasian J Med 2020; 52:298-303. [PMID: 33209085 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2020.20143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of some agents as radioprotectors has been evaluated for protection against normal tissue toxicity following exposure to ionizing radiation. Resveratrol, a natural flavonoid, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties has attracted research interests for its radioprotective potential. This study systematically evaluates existing studies to examine the radioprotective effectiveness of resveratrol. A literature search of the electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted to retrieve articles investigating the protective effect of resveratrol against ionizing radiation-induced damage to normal tissues. The search timeframe ranged from the inception of each database to January 2020. From an initial search of 231 articles, and after the removal of duplicates as well as applying the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were finally included for this systematic review. Results showed promising protective effect of resveratrol against ionizing radiation-induced damage to normal tissues. Furthermore, no adverse effect was observed after administering resveratrol. Resveratrol showed the potential to protect against ionizing radiation-induced damage to normal tissue cells via notable mechanisms, including anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, further studies on the efficacy of clinical translation of resveratrol would open up more insights, while other gray areas such as the optimal radioprotective dosage of resveratrol requires further investigation. Overall, resveratrol is a potential double-edged sword in cancer therapy while protecting healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaba Tolulope Agbele
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olatunji Jimoh Fasoro
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Moses Fabamise
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwabusayo Odunola Oluyide
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | - Esther Abosede Bamise
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ijero-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Bertho JM, Bo R, Magneron V, Legendre A, Cochard M, Broggio D, Tack K. Co-exposure to internal and external radiation alters cesium biokinetics and retention in mice. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2020; 40:504-519. [PMID: 32109890 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab7b43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposures in post-accidental situations are complex and include both external exposure and internal contamination with several radionuclides. However, in vivo and in vitro studies generally use simplified exposures, while a recent study suggested that combined external irradiation and internal contamination may induce more severe biological effects compared to single exposures. In an attempt to test the hypothesis of potential non-additive effects of multiple radiological exposures, we used a mouse model of combined external x-ray irradiation at 1 and 5 Gy and internal contamination with injection of 20 KBq 137Cs. The results showed differential kinetics of 137Cs elimination in irradiated animals compared to sham-irradiated, 137Cs injected animals. Moreover, changes in plasma potassium and in relative testis weight were observed 38 days after irradiation and injection in co-exposed animals compared to 137Cs injection alone. These results demonstrate that an external exposure combined with an internal contamination may lead to unexpected changes in biokinetics of radionuclides and biological effects compared to single exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Bertho
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESANE, Fontenay-aux Roses, France
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McBride WH, Schaue D. Radiation-induced tissue damage and response. J Pathol 2020; 250:647-655. [PMID: 31990369 PMCID: PMC7216989 DOI: 10.1002/path.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Normal tissue responses to ionizing radiation have been a major subject for study since the discovery of X-rays at the end of the 19th century. Shortly thereafter, time-dose relationships were established for some normal tissue endpoints that led to investigations into how the size of dose per fraction and the quality of radiation affected outcome. The assessment of the radiosensitivity of bone marrow stem cells using colony-forming assays by Till and McCulloch prompted the establishment of in situ clonogenic assays for other tissues that added to the radiobiology toolbox. These clonogenic and functional endpoints enabled mathematical modeling to be performed that elucidated how tissue structure, and in particular turnover time, impacted clinically relevant fractionated radiation schedules. More recently, lineage tracing technology, advanced imaging and single cell sequencing have shed further light on the behavior of cells within stem, and other, cellular compartments, both in homeostasis and after radiation damage. The discovery of heterogeneity within the stem cell compartment and plasticity in response to injury have added new dimensions to the consideration of radiation-induced tissue damage. Clinically, radiobiology of the 20th century garnered wisdom relevant to photon treatments delivered to a fairly wide field at around 2 Gy per fraction, 5 days per week, for 5-7 weeks. Recently, the scope of radiobiology has been extended by advances in technology, imaging and computing, as well as by the use of charged particles. These allow radiation to be delivered more precisely to tumors while minimizing the amount of normal tissue receiving high doses. One result has been an increase in the use of schedules with higher doses per fraction given in a shorter time frame (hypofractionation). We are unable to cover these new technologies in detail in this review, just as we must omit low-dose stochastic effects, and many aspects of dose, dose rate and radiation quality. We argue that structural diversity and plasticity within tissue compartments provides a general context for discussion of most radiation responses, while acknowledging many omissions. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H McBride
- Departent of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Departent of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCAUSA
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Najafi M, Cheki M, Amini P, Javadi A, Shabeeb D, Eleojo Musa A. Evaluating the protective effect of resveratrol, Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid on radiation-induced mice spermatogenesis injury: A histopathological study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17:907-914. [PMID: 31970312 PMCID: PMC6943799 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i12.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testis is one of the most sensitive organs against the toxic effect of ionizing radiation. Exposure to even a low dose of radiation during radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology, or a radiological event could pose a threat to spermatogenesis. This may lead to temporary or permanent infertility or even transfer of genomic instability to the next generations. Objective In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of treatment with three natural antioxidants; resveratrol, alpha lipoic acid, and coenzyme Q10 on radiation-induced spermatogenesis injury. Materials and Methods 30 NMRI mice (6-8 wk, 30 ± 5 gr) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5/each) as 1) control; 2) radiation; 3) radiation + resveratrol; 4) radiation + alpha lipoic acid; 5) radiation + resveratrol + alpha lipoic acid; and 6) radiation+ Q10. Mice were treated with 100 mg/kg resveratrol or 200 mg/kg alpha lipoic acid or a combination of these drugs. Also, Q10 was administered at 200 mg/kg. All treatments were performed daily from two days before to 30 min before irradiation. Afterward, mice were exposed to 2 Gy 60 Co gamma rays; 37 days after irradiation, the testicular samples were collected and evaluated for histopathological parameters. Results Results showed that these agents are able to alleviate some toxicological parameters such as basal lamina and epididymis decreased sperm density. Also, all agents were able to increase Johnsen score. However, they could not protect against radiation-induced edema, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and hyperplasia in Leydig cells. Conclusion This study indicates that resveratrol, alpha-lipoic acid, and Q10 have the potential to reduce some of the side effects of radiation on mice spermatogenesis. However, they cannot protect Leydig cells as a source of testosterone and seminiferous tubules as the location of sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Javadi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kojima Y, Yokoya S, Kurita N, Idaka T, Ishikawa T, Tanaka H, Ezawa Y, Ohto H. Cryptorchidism after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident:causation or coincidence? Fukushima J Med Sci 2019; 65:76-98. [PMID: 31915325 PMCID: PMC7012587 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2019-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism (undescended testes) is among the most common congenital diseases in male children. Although many factors have been linked to the incidence of cryptorchidism, and testicular androgen plays a key role in its pathogenesis, the cause remains unknown in most cases. Recently, a Japanese group published a speculative paper entitled, "Nationwide increase in cryptorchidism after the Fukushima nuclear accident." Although the authors implicated radionuclides emitted from the Fukushima accident as contributing to an increased incidence of cryptorchidism, they failed to establish biological plausibility for their hypothesis, and glossed over an abundance of evidence and expert opinion to the contrary. We assessed the adequacy of their study in terms of design setting, data analysis, and its conclusion from various perspectives. Numerous factors must be considered, including genetic, environmental, maternal/fetal, and social factors associated with the reporting of cryptorchidism. Other investigators have established that the doses of external and internal radiation exposure in both Fukushima prefecture and the whole of Japan after the accident are too low to affect testicular descent during fetal periods;thus, a putative association can be theoretically and empirically rejected. Alternative explanations exist for the reported estimates of increased cryptorchidism surgeries in the years following Japan's 2011 earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear crisis. Data from independent sources cast doubt on the extent to which cryptorchidism increased, if at all. In any case, evidence that radionuclides from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant could cause cryptorchidism is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Noriaki Kurita
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
- Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees (DiRECT), Fukushima Medical University Hospital
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University
| | - Takayuki Idaka
- Medical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fukushima Medical University Hospital
| | - Yoshiko Ezawa
- Medical Affairs Division, Fukushima Medical University Hospital
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
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