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Hunsperger E, Osoro E, Munyua P, Njenga MK, Mirieri H, Kikwai G, Odhiambo D, Dayan M, Omballa V, Agogo GO, Mugo C, Widdowson MA, Inwani I. Seroconversion and seroprevalence of TORCH infections in a pregnant women cohort study, Mombasa, Kenya, 2017-2019. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e68. [PMID: 38305089 PMCID: PMC11077605 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Women infected during pregnancy with TORCH (Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex viruses) pathogens have a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes including stillbirth / miscarriage because of mother-to-child transmission. To investigate these risks in pregnant women in Kenya, we analyzed serum specimens from a pregnancy cohort study at three healthcare facilities. A sample of 481 participants was selected for TORCH pathogen antibody testing to determine seroprevalence. A random selection of 285 from the 481 participants was selected to measure seroconversion. These sera were tested using an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against 10 TORCH pathogens. We found that the seroprevalence of all but three of the 10 TORCH pathogens at enrollment was >30%, except for Bordetella pertussis (3.8%), Treponema pallidum (11.4%), and varicella zoster virus (0.5%). Conversely, very few participants seroconverted during their pregnancy and were herpes simplex virus type 2 (n = 24, 11.2%), parvovirus B19 (n = 14, 6.2%), and rubella (n = 12, 5.1%). For birth outcomes, 88% of the participant had live births and 12% had stillbirths or miscarriage. Cytomegalovirus positivity at enrolment had a statistically significant positive association with a live birth outcome (p = 0.0394). Of the 10 TORCH pathogens tested, none had an association with adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hunsperger
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Osoro
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Peninah Munyua
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M. Kariuki Njenga
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Harriet Mirieri
- Washington State University (WSU) Global Health Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gilbert Kikwai
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dennis Odhiambo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Moshe Dayan
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor Omballa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George O. Agogo
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cyrus Mugo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health/Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marc-Alain Widdowson
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irene Inwani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health/Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Calado AM, Seixas F, Pires MDA. Updating an Overview of Teratology. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:1-38. [PMID: 38285332 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors aim to update an overview of the principles of teratology, beginning with the definition of teratology, the critical point at which this process occurs, and some of the most common etiological agents that improve our understanding of teratology.Modern teratology has greatly improved in recent years with advances in new methods in molecular biology, toxicology, animal laboratory science, and genetics, increasing our knowledge of ambient influences. Nevertheless, there is a lot to do to reduce the influence of hazardous intervening agents, whether they target our genetics or not, that can negatively affect pregnancy and induce congenital development disorders, including morphological, biochemical, or behavioral defects.Certain agents might indeed be related to certain defects, but we have not been able to identify the cause of most congenital defects, which highlights the importance of finding and testing out new genetics techniques and conducting laboratory animal science to unravel the etiology and pathogenicity of each congenital defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Calado
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
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Haghbin M, Maani S, Bagherzadeh MA, Bazmjoo A, Shakeri H, Taghipour A, Falahi S, Kenarkoohi A, Badri M, Abdoli A. Latent Toxoplasmosis among Breast Cancer Patients in Jahrom, South of Iran. Int J Breast Cancer 2023; 2023:4792260. [PMID: 37519423 PMCID: PMC10386900 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4792260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis is the main cause of severe infection among immunocompromised patients, including patients with cancer. Hence, this study is aimed at screening the status of Toxoplasma gondii infection among breast cancer patients by serological and molecular methods and determining their associated risk factors in Jahrom County, Fars Province, south of Iran. Methods One hundred and seven women with breast cancer (aged 34 to 80 years) were screened for anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG and IgM) during 2019-2020. A questionnaire regarding demographic factors was filled out by participants. Molecular detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer pair targeting the repetitive element (RE) gene of T. gondii. The risk factors and demographic data were analyzed by SPSS software (ver. 20, Chicago, IL, USA) using the Chi-squared test. Results Anti-T. gondii IgG was detected in 45.8% (49/107) of the patients, which indicates latent infection, but anti-T. gondii IgM and PCR were negative in all samples. Demographic factors revealed a statistically significant increased T. gondii seropositivity among nonmenopause cancer patients (P < 0.0005), patients without previous breast cancer (P = 0.0001), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- (HER2-) negative patients (P = 0.00002). As such, patients with a history of previous abortions and who were at stages II, III, and IIII of cancer had higher seropositivity rates than patients without a history of previous abortions or who were at stage I cancer, but the statistical analysis was not significant. We did not find a statistically significant association between T. gondii seropositivity and other risk factors of toxoplasmosis (e.g., education level, type of water source, washing raw fruits and vegetables, consumption of raw or undercooked meat, and contact with soil, cats, and domestic animal). Conclusion A high seroprevalence rate of latent T. gondii infection was detected among patients with breast cancer; hence, these patients may be at high risk for reactivation of latent infection. Screening of T. gondii infection is recommended to detect active infection among patients with malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzeieh Haghbin
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Surgery, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Salar Maani
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Ahmadreza Bazmjoo
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Heshmatollah Shakeri
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Shahab Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Azra Kenarkoohi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Milad Badri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Wierzchowska-Opoka M, Grunwald A, Rekowska AK, Łomża A, Mekler J, Santiago M, Kabała Z, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Impact of Obesity and Diabetes in Pregnant Women on Their Immunity and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1247. [PMID: 37515062 PMCID: PMC10385489 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing infections and other complications during pregnancy. Several mechanisms are involved in the immunological mechanisms that contribute to reduced immunity in these populations. Both obesity and diabetes are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that can lead to an overactive immune response. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes often have an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, leptin, and resistin, which are involved in the inflammatory response. Insulin resistance can also affect the functioning of immune cells. Furthermore, both conditions alter the composition of the gut microbiome, which produces a variety of biomolecules, including short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and other metabolites. These substances may contribute to immune dysfunction. In addition to increasing the risk of infections, obesity and diabetes can also affect the efficacy of vaccinations in pregnant women. Pregnant women with obesity and diabetes are at increased risk of developing severe illness and complications from COVID-19, but COVID-19 vaccination may help protect them and their fetuses from infection and its associated risks. Since both obesity and diabetes classify a pregnancy as high risk, it is important to elucidate the impact of these diseases on immunity and vaccination during pregnancy. Research examining the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in a high-risk pregnant population should be of particular value to obstetricians whose patients are hesitant to vaccinate during pregnancy. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms and to develop effective interventions to improve immune function in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arkadiusz Grunwald
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna K Rekowska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Łomża
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Julia Mekler
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Miracle Santiago
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kabała
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Hicks VJ, Sánchez C, López MR, Gottschlich A, Grajeda LM, Balish A, Gómez A, Nuñez N, Juárez J, López B, Freitas-Ning M, Cordón-Rosales C, Sagastume M, McCracken JP, Espinosa-Bode A, Cadena L, Lo TQ. Seroprevalence of high incidence congenital infections among pregnant women in Coatepeque, Guatemala and surrounding areas, 2017-2018. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011248. [PMID: 37093863 PMCID: PMC10159341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infections during pregnancy can potentially cause birth defects and severe adverse effects in infants. From 2017 to 2018, we investigated the seroprevalence of five antibodies among 436 mother-infant pairs enrolled in a pregnancy cohort study in Coatepeque, Guatemala. Upon enrollment (< 20 weeks gestational age) and shortly after delivery, we measured the prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in mothers and newborns and used rapid tests to detect HIV and syphilis (Treponema pallidum) in mothers. The mean cohort age was 24.5 years. Maternal T. gondii IgM and IgG seropositivity was 1.9% and 69.7%, respectively. No women were positive for HIV, syphilis, or rubella IgM. Maternal rubella IgG seropositivity was 80.8% and significantly increased with age. Maternal CMV IgM and IgG seropositivity were 2.3% and 99.5%, respectively. Of the 323 women tested at both timepoints, IgM reactivation occurred in one woman for T. gondii infection and in eight for CMV. No newborn was seropositive for CMV IgM or rubella IgM. One newborn was seropositive for T. gondii IgM. Congenital T. gondii and CMV infections are important public health issues for pregnant women, newborns, and healthcare providers in Coatepeque and Guatemala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Hicks
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - César Sánchez
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - María Reneé López
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Anna Gottschlich
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Laura M Grajeda
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Global Health Institute, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amanda Balish
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Gómez
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Área de Salud de Quetzaltenango; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
| | - Nevis Nuñez
- Hospital Regional "Dr. Juan José Ortega" de Coatepeque, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Coatepeque, Guatemala
| | - Julio Juárez
- Unidad de Atención Integral del VIH e Infecciones Crónicas "Dr. Carlos Rodolfo Mejia" del Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Beatriz López
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Mariangeli Freitas-Ning
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Celia Cordón-Rosales
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Manuel Sagastume
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - John P McCracken
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Andrés Espinosa-Bode
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Loren Cadena
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Terrence Q Lo
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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BENDER RA, AKBULAK R, SENGUL A. Can asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection cause spontaneous abortion? JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1216310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The probability of spontaneous abortion is known to increase (15%) in the pregnant women who develop symptomatic and even “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)” due to maternal infections. It is known that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, one of these infectious agents, enters host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). New literature data have shown the increased ACE2 receptor in the endometrium during the decidualization phase and the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to enter endometrial stromal cells through ACE2 proteins. This shows that the COVID-19 infection can cause many pathologies such as early pregnancy loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 virus which are positive in the uterine samples on pregnancy loss.
Material and Method: 13 women who had first trimester pregnancy loss were included in this cross-sectional study. None of these pregnant women had any known symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection was screened in uterus and naso-oropharynx samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in these pregnant women. Women with positive RT-PCR results will be evaluated for pneumonia by lung tomography. It is planned to evaluate the sample taken from the naso-oropharynx in the partners of these women for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR. In addition, in positive cases, RT-PCR was planned from the uterus and naso-oropharynx samples at 7-day intervals until the case turned negative.
Results: RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 was positive only in a sample taken from the uterus of one woman (7.6%). The naso-oropharyngeal sample of the same patient was negative, and the patient had no symptoms of COVID-19. No COVID-19-related lesion was observed in the lung tomography of this patient. The results of the RT-PCR test performed 7 days later with samples taken from the uterus and naso-pharynx were also negative. After the patient's positive RT-PCR result, a naso-oropharyngeal sample was taken from his partner. The RT-PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 in the patient's partner was negative.
Conclusion: The fact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus was negative in the naso-oropharyngeal sample and positive in the uterine sample in a pregnant woman who had a miscarriage suggests that the endometrium may be an entry route for the virus. These data suggest that the virus can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including early pregnancy loss, even without known symptoms. A large number of studies are needed to evaluate the effects of common viruses on pregnancy beyond the expected and defined symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali SENGUL
- Medicana International Istanbul Hospital
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Bazmjoo A, Bagherzadeh MA, Raoofi R, Taghipour A, Mazaherifar S, Sotoodeh H, Ostadi Z, Shadmand E, Jahromi MAM, Abdoli A. Toxoplasma gondii, HBV, and HCV co-infection and their correlation with CD4 cells among Iranian HIV-positive patients. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e794. [PMID: 36840494 PMCID: PMC9947625 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) infected patients have a higher risk of opportunistic infections (OIs) depending on their immunological status, especially CD4 + cell count. Toxoplasma gondii, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are important OIs among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. However, little is known about co-infection of these pathogens among HIV-infected individuals and their correlation with the patient's CD4 + cell count. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the serological and molecular status of T. gondii infection among HIV-infected individuals who had co-infection with HBV and HCV infections. METHODS A total of 100 HIV/AIDS patients in two cities in the southwest of Iran was tested for T. gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies as well as DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the RE gene. HBV and HCV were detected by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test, hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab) test, and Real-Time PCR. The number of CD4 + cell counts was determined by Flow cytometry. RESULTS Anti-T. gondii IgG was positive in 22% of the patients, but anti-T. gondii IgM and PCR were negative in all samples. HBV and HCV were positive in 8% and 33% of the patients, respectively. Co-infections were as followed: HIV + HCV (16%), HIV + HCV + T. gondii (11%), HIV + T. gondii (5%), HIV + HBV (1%), HIV + HBV + T. gondii (1%), HIV + HBV + HCV (1%), and HIV + HBV + HCV + T. gondii (5%). A significant decline in CD4 + cell counts was found in such co-infection groups (HIV + T. gondii, HIV + HCV + T. gondii, and HIV + HBV + HCV + T. gondii) compared with the HIV mono-infection group. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that co-infections of T. gondii, HCV, and HBV were common among HIV-infected patients and co-infections had a negative correlation with CD4 + cell counts of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Bazmjoo
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Student Research CommitteeJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Mohammad Aref Bagherzadeh
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Student Research CommitteeJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Rahim Raoofi
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Department of Infectious DiseasesJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Department of Parasitology and MycologyJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Samaneh Mazaherifar
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Department of Parasitology and MycologyJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | | | - Zahra Ostadi
- Department of Disease ControlFasa University of Medical SciencesFasaIran
| | - Enayat Shadmand
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Department of Parasitology and MycologyJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Mirza A. M. Jahromi
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Department of ImmunologyJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & TechnologiesJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran,Department of Parasitology and MycologyJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
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8
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Khademi SZ, Ghaffarifar F, Dalimi A, Davoodian P, Abdoli A. Spontaneous abortion among Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositive women: Molecular detection, genotype identification, and serological assessment with conventional ELISA and avidity ELISA. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:2479-2485. [PMID: 35793814 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been generally believed that women who exposed to Toxoplasma gondii before pregnancy and have anti-T. gondii IgG antibody are immunized and their newborns will be protected from congenital infection. This study is aimed to investigate the role of T. gondii infection in spontaneous abortion through serological and molecular methods in southern Iran. STUDY DESIGN Blood samples were taken from 50 spontaneously aborted mothers and anti-T. gondii antibodies were assessed using conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and avidity ELISA methods. The placenta and blood samples of aborted women were used for detection of the parasite's DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the RE gene. The parasite genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method using SAG3 and GRA6 genes. RESULTS IgG antibody was detected in 28% (14/50) of mothers, but all samples were negative for IgM antibody. In the avidity ELISA test, 26% (13/50) of the samples had a high avidity index, suggesting chronic infection, while a low avidity index was detected in one case (2%), which suggests acute infection. The parasite's DNA was detected in 18% (9/50) and 14% (7/50) of blood and placenta samples, respectively. All DNA positive samples were IgG positive. All isolates were belonged to the T. gondii type III genotype. CONCLUSION The results suggest that T. gondii seropositive women are not protected from congenital transmission. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously until further studies will be confirmed these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parivash Davoodian
- Department of infectious Disease, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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9
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Zuo Q, Gao Z, Cai L, Bai L, Pei Y, Liu M, Xue H, Xu J, Wang S. A predicting model of child-bearing-aged women' spontaneous abortion by co-infections of TORCH and reproductive tract. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2022; 62:142-152. [PMID: 35322463 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To develop a predicting model of child-bearing-aged women' spontaneous abortion (SA) by co-infections of TORCH and reproductive tract, in order to provide a reference tool for accurately predicting the risk of SA and guide the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of SA. A prospective cohort study was designed based on 218 958 child-bearing-aged women following up in Hebei province in China from 2010 to 2017. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to select candidate predictive variables. Fisher's discriminant analysis was performed to build a predictive model, and the validity of the model was evaluated. The incidence rate of SA was 2.4%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 3.507), adverse pregnancy history (OR = 1.509), co-infections status of Candida and HBsAg (ORCandida positive×HBsAg negative = 4.091, ORCandida negative×HBsAg positive = 3.327, and ORCandida positive×HBsAg positive = 13.762), and co-infections status of HBsAg, Rubella (IgG) and CMV (IgG) (ORHBs-Ag negative×Rubella (IgG) negative×CMV (IgG) positive = 1.789, ORHBs-Ag positive×Rubella (IgG) positive×CMV (IgG) negative = 3.809, and ORHBsAg positive×Rubella (IgG) positive×CMV (IgG) positive = 11.919) were the independent predictors of SA. The total discriminant rate reached 91%, with 82% of the sensitivity and 91% of the specificity. The predicting model of child-bearing-aged women' SA by co-infections status has a good performance. The co-infection status of TORCH and reproductive tract are suggested to be considered in pre-pregnancy physical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zuo
- School of Public Health, Hebei University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Zhangquan Gao
- Hebei Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology (formerly known as Hebei Province Family Planning Science and Technology Institute)/NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy/Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Cai
- School of Public Health, Hebei University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Linlin Bai
- School of Public Health, Hebei University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Hebei Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology (formerly known as Hebei Province Family Planning Science and Technology Institute)/NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy/Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengchao Liu
- School of Public Health, Hebei University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- School of Public Health, Hebei University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Juan Xu
- School of Public Health, Hebei University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Shusong Wang
- Hebei Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology (formerly known as Hebei Province Family Planning Science and Technology Institute)/NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy/Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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10
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The Effect of HSV-1 Seropositivity on the Course of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Condition of Newborns. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010176. [PMID: 35056624 PMCID: PMC8781575 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to evaluate seropositivity to HSV-1 among pregnant women and its effect on the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the condition of newborns. Methods: The serological status, socio-demographic characteristics, parity of pregnancy and childbirth and condition of newborns in women seronegative and seropositive to HSV-1 with recurrent infection and its latent course during pregnancy were analyzed. Newborns from these mothers made up the corresponding groups. Results: Low titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with threatened miscarriage, anemia in pregnancy and chronic placental insufficiency. High titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the second trimester of pregnancy are associated with late miscarriages and premature births, anemia in pregnancy, chronic placental insufficiency, labor anomalies, early neonatal complications (cerebral ischemia, respiratory distress syndrome) and localized skin rashes. Low titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 in women in the third trimester of pregnancy are associated with premature birth, anemia in pregnancy, chronic placental insufficiency, endometritis, complications of the early neonatal period and localized skin rashes. Conclusions: Our research showed that low or high titers of IgG antibodies to HSV-1, determined by the timing of recurrence of infection during pregnancy, are associated with a high incidence of somatic pathology and complications in pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period.
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11
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Wang J, Wang D. Wearable Devices and Intelligent Application in Women's Postpartum Repair for Smart Healthcare. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:4454926. [PMID: 35035836 PMCID: PMC8759894 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4454926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wearable devices are more and more widely used in the field of smart healthcare. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of contraceptive counseling and education on contraceptive behavior of women after induced abortion. The investigators will explain the situation of this topic to the respondents and select the respondents in strict accordance with the framework requirements of sampling design. All the data are from the induced abortion women in the first-, second-, and third-level hospitals, which reduces the selection bias of the respondents. It is found that the proportion of induced abortion among college students is the highest, reaching 66.03%. This study is helpful to reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion, and repeated abortion and improve the reproductive health of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Operation Room of Gynaecology OutPatient, the First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou 317500, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Recovery Room of Anesthesiology Department, the First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou 317500, China
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12
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TROMBETTA CLAUDIAMARIA, VIVIANI SIMONETTA, MONTOMOLI EMANUELE, MARCHI SERENA. Seroprevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus in pregnant women in the Apulia region (Italy). JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E372-E376. [PMID: 34604575 PMCID: PMC8451340 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cytomegalovirus is ubiquitous and easily transmitted by contact. Following the first infection, the virus becomes latent and periodic reactivation could occur due to immunosuppression. If the infection is acquired in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, the foetal consequences could be serious. The present study was conducted to assess the serological profile of pregnant women with respect to cytomegalovirus in Apulia from 2016 to 2019. Methods Serum samples were tested by commercial ELISA kit for the detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies against cytomegalovirus. Results The data showed that most of the pregnant women (70.8%), especially those of ≥ 40 years of age (80.6%), has antibodies against cytomegalovirus, though these do not confer fully protective immunity against infection by different strains nor can prevent the re-activation of the latent one. Conversely, most of the youngest women are seronegative (44.4% in women < 25 years of age) and vulnerable during pregnancy. Conclusions Currently, cytomegalovirus screening for pregnant women is not mandatory in Italy. Considering that congenital cytomegalovirus is the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss, it would be extremely useful and cost-saving to screen women of childbearing age and women at early stage of pregnancy for cytomegalovirus infection in addition to increase awareness of cytomegalovirus infection and consequences among pregnant women, health care workers and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- CLAUDIA MARIA TROMBETTA
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: Claudia Maria Trombetta, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy - E-mail:
| | - SIMONETTA VIVIANI
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - EMANUELE MONTOMOLI
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy
| | - SERENA MARCHI
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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13
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Risk of pregnancy loss before 20 weeks' gestation in study participants with COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:456-457. [PMID: 34175267 PMCID: PMC8225313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Kalantari N, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Moulana Z, Chehrazi M, Ghaffari S. Toxoplasma gondii infection and spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105070. [PMID: 34186117 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans, which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is usually asymptomatic but primary infection in a pregnant woman can cause severe consequences in the fetus such as miscarriage. This study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of T. gondii infection in women with spontaneous abortion. It also evaluates the possible relationship between recent Toxoplasma infection and miscarriage. Five electronic databases were reviewed. We used the random effects model and 95% confidence intervals(CI) to determine the overall prevalence and odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity was calculated using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. The included studies were divided into three sub-groups based on antibody class against T. gondii and the existence of parasite DNA. Based on PCR, the pooled random-effects estimates that the prevalence of T. gondii infection in women with abortion was 10% (95% CI 7-14%). The pooled random effect favored a statistically significant increased risk of latent Toxoplasma infection [OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.41-2.40, P < 0.001] and recent infection [OR = 3.72; 95% CI: 2.21-6.26, P < 0.001] in women with spontaneous abortions. In recent infections, significant pooled ORs of positive association were observed in women with miscarriage [OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.04-8.85; χ2 = 17.2; I2 = 42.0%, P = 0.07]. This study demonstrates that recent T. gondii infection is associated with an elevated risk of spontaneous abortion. Further studies concerning all risk factors related to toxoplasmosis, and undertaking confirmatory tests at the time of abortion should be performed to investigate the impact of T. gondii infection and spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Kalantari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Gorgani-Firouzjaee
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Moulana
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehrazi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Salman Ghaffari
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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15
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Detection of Anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Southwest Iran. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2021; 2021:5547667. [PMID: 34135564 PMCID: PMC8175175 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5547667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This research was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women and related risk factors in southwest Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, eighty-eight pregnant women were included from October 2019 to December 2019. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information was completed for each subject. Results The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was estimated to be 34.09% (30/88). Of these, 1 (1.13%) and 29 (32.95%) samples were found positive for IgM and IgG, respectively. Regarding the risk factors, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat (P value = 0.007) and history of abortion (P value = 0.017) were significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women. Conclusion The results showed that the pregnant women of southwest Iran might be moderately exposed to T. gondii. Since the risk of acute T. gondii infection in this susceptible group is very important, regular screening tests to diagnose the infection are recommended before pregnancy.
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16
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Chudnovets A, Liu J, Narasimhan H, Liu Y, Burd I. Role of Inflammation in Virus Pathogenesis during Pregnancy. J Virol 2020; 95:e01381-19. [PMID: 33115865 PMCID: PMC7944452 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01381-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections during pregnancy lead to a spectrum of maternal and fetal outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic disease to more critical conditions presenting with severe maternal morbidity, stillbirth, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal congenital anomalies, either apparent at birth or later in life. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of several viral infections that are particularly relevant in the context of pregnancy and intrauterine inflammation. Understanding the diverse mechanisms employed by viral pathogens as well as the repertoire of immune responses induced in the mother may help to establish novel therapeutic options to attenuate changes in the maternal-fetal interface and prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chudnovets
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harish Narasimhan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Abdoli A, Taghipour A, Pirestani M, Mofazzal Jahromi MA, Roustazadeh A, Mir H, Ardakani HM, Kenarkoohi A, Falahi S, Karimi M. Infections, inflammation, and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders: the neglected role of "co-infection". Heliyon 2020; 6:e05645. [PMID: 33319101 PMCID: PMC7725732 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) have multiple etiological factors, mainly genetic background, environmental conditions and immunological factors. The host immune responses play a pivotal role in various physiological and pathophysiological process. In NPDs, inflammatory immune responses have shown to be involved in diseases severity and treatment outcome. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are involved in various neurobiological pathways, such as GABAergic signaling and neurotransmitter synthesis. Infectious agents are among the major amplifier of inflammatory reactions, hence, have an indirect role in the pathogenesis of NPDs. As such, some infections directly affect the central nervous system (CNS) and alter the genes that involved in neurobiological pathways and NPDs. Interestingly, the most of infectious agents that involved in NPDs (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus) is latent (asymptomatic) and co-or-multiple infection of them are common. Nonetheless, the role of co-or-multiple infection in the pathogenesis of NPDs has not deeply investigated. Evidences indicate that co-or-multiple infection synergically augment the level of inflammatory reactions and have more severe outcomes than single infection. Hence, it is plausible that co-or-multiple infections can increase the risk and/or pathogenesis of NPDs. Further understanding about the role of co-or-multiple infections can offer new insights about the etiology, treatment and prevention of NPDs. Likewise, therapy based on anti-infective and anti-inflammatory agents could be a promising therapeutic option as an adjuvant for treatment of NPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pirestani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Abazar Roustazadeh
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hamed Mir
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hoda Mirzaian Ardakani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azra Kenarkoohi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shahab Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Warnecke JM, Pollmann M, Borchardt-Lohölter V, Moreira-Soto A, Kaya S, Sener AG, Gómez-Guzmán E, Figueroa-Hernández L, Li W, Li F, Buska K, Zakaszewska K, Ziolkowska K, Janz J, Ott A, Scheper T, Meyer W. Seroprevalences of antibodies against ToRCH infectious pathogens in women of childbearing age residing in Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Poland, Turkey and China. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e271. [PMID: 33124529 PMCID: PMC7689786 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of antibodies against ToRCH antigens at the beginning of pregnancy allows assessment of both the maternal immune status and the risks to an adverse pregnancy outcome. Age-standardised seroprevalences were determined in sera from 1009 women of childbearing age residing in Mexico, Brazil, Germany, Poland, Turkey or China using a multiparametric immunoblot containing antigen substrates for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia trachomatis, parvovirus B19, Treponema pallidum and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Seroprevalences for antibodies against HSV-1 were >90% in samples from Brazil and Turkey, whereas the other four countries showed lower mean age-adjusted seroprevalences (range: 62.5-87.9%). Samples from Brazilian women showed elevated seroprevalences of antibodies against HSV-2 (40.1%), C. trachomatis (46.8%) and B. pertussis (56.6%) compared to the other five countries. Seroprevalences of anti-T. gondii antibodies (0.5%) and anti-parvovirus B19 antibodies (7.5%) were low in samples from Chinese women, compared to the other five countries. Samples from German women revealed a low age-standardised seroprevalence of anti-CMV antibodies (28.8%) compared to the other five countries. These global differences in immune status of women in childbearing age advocate country-specific prophylaxis strategies to avoid infection with ToRCH pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Warnecke
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M. Pollmann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - V. Borchardt-Lohölter
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A. Moreira-Soto
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Kaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - A. G. Sener
- Department of Medical Microbiology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - E. Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Science and Biotechnology, INOCHEM S.A. DE C.V., Col. San Miguel Ajusco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L. Figueroa-Hernández
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Immunology and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - W. Li
- EUROIMMUN Medical Diagnostics China Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - F. Li
- EUROIMMUN Medical Diagnostics China Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - K. Buska
- EUROIMMUN Polska Sp. z.o.o., Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - K. Ziolkowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, K. Marcinkowski Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Central Laboratory, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J. Janz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A. Ott
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T. Scheper
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - W. Meyer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
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19
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Nayeri T, Sarvi S, Moosazadeh M, Amouei A, Hosseininejad Z, Daryani A. The global seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008103. [PMID: 32168351 PMCID: PMC7069604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular pathogen that can lead to abortion in pregnant women infected with this parasite. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the global seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion based on the results of published articles and evaluate the relationship between seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies and abortion via a systematical review and meta-analysis. METHODS Different databases were searched in order to gain access to all studies on the seroprevalence of anti- T. gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion and association between seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies and abortion published up to April 25th, 2019. Odds ratio (OR) and the pooled rate seroprevalence of T. gondii with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random effects model. RESULTS In total, 8 cross-sectional studies conducted on 1275 women who had abortion in present pregnancy, 40 cross-sectional studies performed on 9122 women who had a history of abortion, and 60 articles (involving 35 cross-sectional studies including 4436 women who had spontaneous abortion as case and 10398 as control and 25 case-control studies entailing 4656 cases and 3178 controls) were included for the final analyses. The random-effects estimates of the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in women who had abortion in present pregnancy and women who had a history of abortion were 33% (95% CI: 17%-49%) and 43% (95% CI: 27%-60%), respectively. In addition, the pooled OR for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in cross-sectional and case-control studies among women who had spontaneous abortion were 1.65 (95% CI: 1.31-2.09) and 2.26 (95% CI: 1.56-3.28), respectively. Also, statistical analysis showed that the pooled OR of the risk of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody 1.39 (95% CI: 0.61-3.15) in cross-sectional and 4.33 (95% CI: 2.42-7.76) in case-control studies. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the current study, T. gondii infection could be considered a potential risk factor for abortion. It is recommended to carry out further and more comprehensive investigations to determine the effect of T. gondii infection on abortion to prevent and control toxoplasmosis among pregnant women around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooran Nayeri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Amouei
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseininejad
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang F, Wang S, Zhao W, Chen L, Tu S, Qian Y, Liao Y, Huang Y, Zhang R, Xu G, Zhang D. The Association Between Previous TORCH Infections and Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in IVF/ICSI-ET: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:466. [PMID: 32849269 PMCID: PMC7419419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between previous TORCH infection (cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, herpes simplex virus, and rubella) with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in couples undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET. Materials and Methods: A total of 18,074 couples underwent fresh IVF/ICSI-ET (in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer) cycles were included in our analyses. TORCH infection status was determined by serological confirmation of cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, herpes simplex virus, and rubella IgG in the absence of IgM antibodies. Clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth, preterm birth, congenital malformation, and perinatal death were evaluated in both infection and non-infection group. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratio. Results: Previous toxoplasmosis infection is associated with a significantly decreased preterm birth rate [P = 0.045, OR = 0.755 (95% CI, 0.571-0.997), Adjusted OR = 0.749 (95%CI, 0.566-0.991)]. No differences in clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and perinatal death were observed between the corresponding TORCH infection group [IgM (-) IgG(+)] and the non-infection group [IgM (-) IgG (-)]. Conclusions: Previous TORCH infections were not associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in IVF/ICSI-ET overall, and toxoplasmosis infection might be associated with a lower preterm birth rate in patients underwent IVF/ICSI-ET. The necessity of TORCH IgG screening in IVF procedure might need re-evaluation, and further cost-effective analysis might be helpful for the clinical management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijiong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuli Qian
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runjv Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gufeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Gufeng Xu
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Zhang
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Wang LC, Yan F, Ruan JX, Xiao Y, Yu Y. TORCH screening used appropriately in China?─three years results from a teaching hospital in northwest China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:484. [PMID: 31818265 PMCID: PMC6902533 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives TORCH infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus 1,2 (HSV-1,2) are associated with congenital anomalies. The study aimed to analyze the characteristics of TORCH screening in reproductive age women. Methods A total of 18,104 women (2015–2017) from a teaching hospital in Xi’an, China, were enrolled in the study. The characteristics of TORCH screening, i.e., the application of TORCH test, the seroprevalence, the impact of age, periods of gestation and woman with bad obstetric history (BOH) on the serological data were investigated. Results In the study, 319 women (1.76%) performed dynamic TORCH test. 51.66, 20.44 and 3.83% of the population did the test in the pre-gestation period, the first and third trimester, respectively. Quite a few pre-gestation women (29.74%) ignored screening of IgG antibodies. The overall IgG/IgM seropositvity of TOX, RV, CMV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 was 4.35%/0.35, 90%/0.63, 96.79%/0.97, 81.11%/0.14 and 6.1%/0.19%, respectively. The age-specific distributions and periods of gestation had no significant effect on the seroprevalence of TORCH agents, p>0.05. However, BOH was significantly associated with higher seropositvity of IgM (RV, CMV, HSV-1 and HSV-2) and IgG (CMV and HSV-1) antibodies, p < 0.05. Conclusion In Xi’an region, more attentions should be paid to TOX, CMV, HSV-2 and the women with BOH for TORCH screening. Meanwhile, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on TORCH test used inappropriately in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Xi'an NO.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Xiong Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Al Mana H, Yassine HM, Younes NN, Al-Mohannadi A, Al-Sadeq DW, Alhababi D, Nasser EA, Nasrallah GK. The Current Status of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Prevalence in the MENA Region: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040213. [PMID: 31683687 PMCID: PMC6963600 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), CMV infects people of all ages, and by the age of five, approximately one-third of children in the United States are infected. Although the infection is generally asymptomatic, it can cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients, transplant and transfusion recipients, as well as newborn neonates. The objective of this study is to systematically review published literature on CMV in the MENA region to estimate its incidence in the region and describe its epidemiological and clinical significance. The literature was searched through four scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. A total of 72 studies from 11 countries satisfied the inclusion criteria, covering a period from 1988-2019. The CMV IgG seroprevalence ranged from 8.7%-99.2% (SD = 38.95%). CMV incidence in these countries ranged between 1.22% and 77% in transplant and transfusion recipients, with an increase in incidence with advanced age. However, the incidence rate was unclear for congenital CMV due to the variability of the reporting. This review highlights the need for more robust and well-designed studies to better estimate CMV incidence in the MENA region, standardize diagnostic criteria, and consider prophylactic and pre-emptive treatments to limit the morbidity and mortality of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al Mana
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Nadin N Younes
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Anjud Al-Mohannadi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Dalal Alhababi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Elham A Nasser
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.
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Olgun NS. Viral Infections in Pregnancy: A Focus on Ebola Virus. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:993-998. [PMID: 29384053 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180130121946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During gestation, the immune response of the placenta to viruses and other pathogens plays an important role in determining a pregnant woman's vulnerability toward infectious diseases. Located at the maternalfetal interface, trophoblast cells serve to minimize the spread of viruses between the host and developing fetus through an intricate system of innate antiviral immune signaling. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, ranging from learning disabilities to preterm birth and fetal death, are all documented results of a viral breach in the placental barrier. Viral infections during pregnancy can also be spread through blood and vaginal secretions, and during the post-natal period, via breast milk. Thus, even in the absence of vertical transmission of viral infection to the fetus, maternal health can still be compromised and threaten the pregnancy. The most common viral DNA isolates found in gestation are adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus. However, with the recent pandemic of Ebola virus, and the first documented case of a neonate to survive due to experimental therapies in 2017, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the changing roles and impacts of viral infection during pregnancy needs to be better understood, while strategies to minimize adverse pregnancy outcomes need to be identified. This review focuses on the adverse impacts of viral infection during gestation, with an emphasis on Ebola virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Olgun
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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Chen L, Liu J, Shi L, Song Y, Song Y, Gao Y, Dong Y, Li L, Shen M, Zhai Y, Cao Z. Seasonal influence on TORCH infection and analysis of multi-positive samples with indirect immunofluorescence assay. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22828. [PMID: 30666721 PMCID: PMC6528586 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TORCH including the pathogens of Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes intrauterine infections and poses a worldwide threat to women especially in pregnancy. In this study, we described the seasonal difference in TORCH infection and analyzed the anti‐TORCH IgM multipositive serum samples by the indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). Methods To observe the seasonal influence of the anti‐TORCH IgG and IgM antibodies, a retrospective study was conducted with 10 669 women (20–40 y old) before pregnancy from August 2016 to July 2017. Totally 199 ELISA anti‐TORCH IgM multipositive serum samples were further tested by IFAs for false‐positive analysis. Results The prevalence of positive HSV1‐IgM, RV‐IgM, HSV2‐IgM, CMV‐IgM, and TOX‐IgM in the present population was 6.30%, 2.55%, 1.94%, 1.24%, and 0.67%, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of positive RV‐IgM, CMV‐IgM, and HSV1‐IgM was statistically different among four seasons, with the highest positive rates of RV‐IgM (4.12%) in autumn, CMV‐IgM (1.75%) in summer, and HSV1‐IgM (7.53%) in winter. The confirmatory IFAs showed that the positive rates of RUV‐IgM, CMV‐IgM, and HSV2‐IgM were significantly different from those in ELISA screening experiments. Interestingly, only 32.7% (65/199) of the TORCH IgM multipositive results were consistent with those by the IFA, indicating that cross‐reaction caused false positives were common in ELISA IgM antibody screening. Conclusion The TORCH infection displayed different prevalence among four seasons in our 12‐month retrospective study. The IgM multipositives by ELISA screening may need further confirmation analysis due to its relatively high cross‐reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Reference Laboratory, Medical System Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Yanhong Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Khademi SZ, Ghaffarifar F, Dalimi A, Davoodian P, Abdoli A. Molecular detection and genotype identification ofToxoplasma gondiiin domestic and industrial eggs. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Khademi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of ParasitologyTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of ParasitologyTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of ParasitologyTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Amir Abdoli
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of ParasitologyTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran
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Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A, Poggi A, Capucci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F. Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:100-107. [PMID: 30078192 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Miscarriage is one of the main complications occurring in pregnancy. The association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and silent bacterial infections has been poorly investigated. Ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis DNA sequences have been investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in chorionic villi tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from females with spontaneous abortion (SA, n = 100) and females who underwent voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VI, n = 100). U. parvum DNA was detected in 14% and 15% of SA and VI, respectively, with a mean of bacterial DNA load of 1.3 × 10-1 copy/cell in SA and 2.8 × 10 -3 copy/cell in VI; U. urealiticum DNA was detected in 3% and 2% of SA and VI specimens, respectively, with a mean DNA load of 3.3 × 10-3 copy/cell in SA and 1.6 × 10-3 copy/cell in VI; M. hominis DNA was detected in 5% of SA specimens with a DNA load of 1.3 × 10-4 copy/cell and in 6% of VI specimens with a DNA load of 1.4 × 10-4 copy/cell; C. trachomatis DNA was detected in 3% of SA specimens with a DNA load of 1.5 × 10-4 copy/cell and in 4% of VI specimens with a mean DNA load of 1.4 × 10-4 copy/cell. In PBMCs from the SA and VI groups, Ureaplasma spp, Mycoplasma spp and C. trachomatis DNAs were detected with a prevalence of 1%-3%. Bacteria were investigated, for the first time, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in chorionic villi tissues and PBMCs from women affected by SA and VI. These data may help to understand the role and our knowledge of the silent infections in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Contini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - John C Rotondo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Magagnoli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silva Seraceni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Graziano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Poggi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Capucci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fortunato Vesce
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Shi TL, Huang LJ, Xiong YQ, Zhong YY, Yang JJ, Fu T, Lei XF, Chen Q. The risk of herpes simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy upon adverse pregnancy outcomes: A meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 2018; 104:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
In this chapter, we provide an overview of the basic principles of teratology, beginning with its definition, the critical point for teratogenesis to occur and the most evident etiological agents to improve the understanding of this science.Teratology is a recent science that began in the early twentieth century, and has greatly improved over the recent years with the advancements in molecular biology, toxicology, animal laboratory science, and genetics, as well as the improvement on the knowledge of the environmental influences.Nevertheless, more work is required to reduce the influence of hazardous products that could be deleterious during pregnancy, thus reducing teratogenic defects in the newborn. While some teratogenic defects are attributed to their agents with certainty, the same for a lot of other such defects is lacking, necessitating consistent studies to decipher the influence of various teratogenic agents on their corresponding teratogenic defects. It is here that the laboratory animal science is of great importance both in the present and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Calado
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. .,Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
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Montazeri M, Sanchez-Lopez JA, Caballero I, Maslehat Lay N, Elliott S, Fazeli A. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mediates toll-like receptor 3-induced inhibition of trophoblast adhesion to endometrial cells in vitro. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:2098-107. [PMID: 27412245 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) involved in the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR 3)-induced inhibition of trophoblast cells' adhesion to endometrial cells in vitro? SUMMARY ANSWER IL-1RA mediates the TLR 3-induced inhibition of trophoblast cells' adhesion to endometrial cells in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY It is well documented that endometrial TLR 3 activation leads to impairment of trophoblast binding to endometrial cells in vitro. IL-1RA is known as an anti-implantation factor, as its injection significantly reduced implantation rates in mice by an effect on endometrial receptivity. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Poly I:C was used as a TLR3 specific ligand and endometrial cells were either treated or not with Poly I:C (treated versus control) in vitro. IL-1RA was applied to block IL-1 signal transduction. IL-1RA was knocked down by Accell Human IL1RN siRNA. Flagellin was used to stimulate TLR 5. SP600125 (JNK) was applied to inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. BAY11 -7082 was used to inhibit the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. The experiments were performed in three replicates on three separate days. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS An in vitro assay was developed using RL95-2 (an endometrial cell line) and JAr (a trophoblast cell line) cells. Initially, the production of IL-1RA in RL95-2 cells in response to TLR 3 activation was measured. To determine whether the TLR 3-induced inhibition of trophoblast binding was mediated through IL-1RA: (i) we evaluated the effect of IL-1RA on the attachment of trophoblast cells to endometrial cells; (ii) we knocked down TLR3-induced IL-1RA gene expression by IL-1RA Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and evaluated trophoblast attachment to endometrial cells. Finally, to clarify through which pathway TLR 3-induced inhibition of trophoblast binding occurs: (i) activation of NF-κB and MAPK was detected by transfecting the cells with secreted placental alkaline phosphatase reporter plasmids bearing promoter sequences for each transcription factor; (ii) the inhibitors for NF-κB and MAPK were used to block signaling; (iii) it was then investigated whether addition of these inhibitors could restore the TLR 3-induced impairment of trophoblast attachment to the endometrial cells. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Our results showed that addition of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) to RL95-2 cells significantly increased the production of IL-1RA (P < 0.05). Addition of human recombinant IL-1RA to RL95-2 cells remarkably decreased the adhesion rate of trophoblast cells to endometrial cells (P < 0.05). In addition, suppression of TLR3-induced IL-1RA gene expression in RL95-2 cells significantly restored trophoblast cells attachment to endometrial cells in the presence of Poly I:C (P < 0.05). Only TLR3 and not TLR5 induced MAPK activation (P < 0.05). TLR3 ligation did not affect NF-κB activation. Of NF-kB and MAPK inhibitors, only MAPK's inhibitor could achieve restoration of spheroid adhesion to endometrial cells (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study has been only done in vitro. Future in vivo studies will confirm our data. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The findings of this study have a potential clinical application in introducing IL-1RA as one of the diagnostic infertility markers in the endometrium, which can affect the process of embryo adhesion at the time of implantation. Moreover, based on the novel data obtained in the current study, blocking and regulating the MAPK pathway by its inhibitors can be used as a new strategy to prevent and treat virus-induced infertility cases in ART techniques. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This study was partially funded by a Marie Curie IIF-253948 grant to I.C. and was partially funded by the author's institutions. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montazeri
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - J A Sanchez-Lopez
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - I Caballero
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK UMR1282 ISP, INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - N Maslehat Lay
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - S Elliott
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
| | - A Fazeli
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
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