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Wang X, Qin Y, Li J, Huang P, Li Y, Huang J, Wang Q, Yang H. Vitamin B5 supplementation enhances intestinal development and alters microbes in weaned piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2335340. [PMID: 38587818 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2335340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of different vitamin B5 (VB5) levels on intestinal growth and function of weaned piglets. Twenty-one piglets (7.20 ± 1.11 kg) were included in a 28-day feeding trial with three treatments, including 0 mg/kg (L-VB5), 10 mg/kg (Control) and 50 mg/kg (H-VB5) of VB5 supplement. The results showed that: Large intestine weight/body weight was the highest in H-VB5 group, Control and H-VB5 groups had significantly higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth than the L-VB5 in the ileum (p < .05). Goblet cells (ileal crypt) and endocrine cells (ileal villus) significantly increased in Control and H-VB5 (p < .05). The H-VB5 group exhibited significantly higher levels of ki67 and crypt depth in the cecum and colon, colonic goblet cells and endocrine cells were both rising considerably (p < .05). Isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid were significantly reduced in the H-VB5 group (p < .05), and there was a decreasing trend in butyric acid (p = .073). At the genus level, the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Clostridium_Sensu_Structo_1 Strecto_1, Terrisporbacter and Streptococcus decreased significantly and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Turicibacter increased significantly in H-VB5 group (p < .05). Overall, the addition of 50 mg/kg VB5 primarily enhanced the morphological structure, cell proliferation and differentiation of the ileum, cecum and colon. It also had a significant impact on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Yang Y, Zhang F, Shi H, Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Zhou Y. Differential diagnostic value of simultaneous detection of CD69 and HLA-DR on host T and NK cells in QFT-TB assay for identifying active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 148:102537. [PMID: 38954896 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for tuberculosis (TB) remains limited in its ability to discriminate between active TB (ATB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Activation markers on host T and NK cells are currently considered to be promising markers in the diagnosis of ATB. METHODS This prospective observational study enrolled 213 participants and the participants were divided into ATB, LTBI, other lung-related diseases (ORD), and health control (HC) groups. CD69 and HLA-DR on T and NK cells were detected in QFT-TB assay, and a composite scoring system (TB-Flow) was created for the diagnosis of ATB. RESULTS The expression of activation markers (CD69 and HLA-DR) were significantly increased in ATB. HLA-DR on NK cells, CD69 on T cells, and QFT-TB in the differential diagnosis of ATB and HC were all of good diagnostic value (AUC>0.90). In addition, the TB-Flow greatly improved the efficiency of differential diagnosis between ATB and LTBI (AUC=0.90, 95%CI: 0.84-0.96), with sensitivity and specificity of 79.17 % (95%CI: 64.60%-89.04 %) and 88.68 % (95%CI: 76.28%-95.31 %). CONCLUSIONS CD69 and HLA-DR on host T and NK cells are promising markers in distinguishing different TB infection status. Our blood-based TB-Flow scoring system can distinguish ATB from LTBI with good diagnostic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Qian Xi Nan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qian Xi Nan Buyei, and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 562499, China.
| | - Hanlu Shi
- Clinical Research Center, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 360000, China.
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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3
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Jiang Q, Hu R, Liu F, Huang F, Zhang L, Zhang H. Characterization of a Novel Oxidative Stress Responsive Transcription Regulator in Mycobacterium bovis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1872. [PMID: 39200336 PMCID: PMC11351531 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant defense is critical for the survival of intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species, including Mycobacterium bovis, which are often exposed to an oxidative environment caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hosts. However, the signaling pathway in mycobacteria for sensing and responding to oxidative stress remains largely unclear. In this study, we characterize a TetR-type transcription regulator BCG_3893c, designated AotM, as a novel redox sensor in Mycobacterium bovis that increases mycobacterial tolerance to oxidative stress. AotM is required for the growth of M. bovis in the presence of 1 mM hydrogen peroxide. Loss of the aotM gene leads to altered transcriptional profiles with 352 genes significantly up-regulated and 25 genes significantly down-regulated. AotM recognizes a 14-bp palindrome sequence motif and negatively regulates the expression of a FAD-dependent oxidoreductase encoded by bcg_3892c. Overexpression of BCG_3892c increases intracellular ROS production and reduces the growth of M. bovis. In summary, we propose that AotM enhances the mycobacterial resistance against oxidative stress probably by inhibiting intracellular ROS production. Our findings reveal a novel underlying regulatory mechanism behind mycobacterial oxidative stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.J.)
| | - Rong Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.J.)
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.J.)
| | - Feng Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.J.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.J.)
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Yang X, Chen Y, Pu B, Yuan X, Wang J, Chen C. YY1 Contributes to the Inflammatory Responses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages Through Transcription Activation-Mediated Upregulation TLR4. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01093-x. [PMID: 38492118 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease and is induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. Macrophages serve as the cellular home in immunoreaction against M.tb infection, which is tightly regulated through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the role and mechanism of TLR4 in mycobacterial injury in human macrophages (THP-1 cells) after M.tb infection. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using MTT, EdU, and flow cytometry assays. ELISA kits were utilized to assess the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The binding between Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) and TLR4 promoter was predicted by JASPAR and verified using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. M.tb infection might repress THP-1 cell proliferation, and induce cell apoptosis and inflammatory response in a multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner. Moreover, M.tb infection increased the expression of TLR4 in HTP-1 cells in an MOI-dependent way, and its downregulation might overturn M.tb infection-mediated HTP-1 cell damage and inflammatory response. At the molecular level, YY1 was a transcription factor of TLR4 and promoted TLR4 transcription via binding to its promoter region. Besides, YY1 might activate the NF-kB signaling pathway via regulating TLR4. Meanwhile, TLR4 inhibitor BAY11-7082 might overturn the repression effect of TLR4 on M.tb-infected HTP-1 cell damage. YY1-activated TLR4 might aggravate mycobacterial injury in human macrophages after M.tb infection by the NF-kB pathway, providing a promising therapeutic target for TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Department of Preventive Health Care, Ren Huai People's Hospital, 2802, Building 3, Shengjie Community Harmony Square, Luban Street, Renhuai, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Health Management Division, Ren Huai People's Hospital, Zunyi, 564500, Guizhou, China
| | - Bingshuang Pu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ren Huai People's Hospital, Zunyi, 564500, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuan Yuan
- Department of Preventive Health Care, Ren Huai People's Hospital, 2802, Building 3, Shengjie Community Harmony Square, Luban Street, Renhuai, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Preventive Health Care, Ren Huai People's Hospital, 2802, Building 3, Shengjie Community Harmony Square, Luban Street, Renhuai, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Preventive Health Care, Ren Huai People's Hospital, 2802, Building 3, Shengjie Community Harmony Square, Luban Street, Renhuai, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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5
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Pan J, Chang Z, Zhang X, Dong Q, Zhao H, Shi J, Wang G. Research progress of single-cell sequencing in tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276194. [PMID: 37901241 PMCID: PMC10611525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The pathogenesis and immune mechanism of tuberculosis are not clear, and it is urgent to find new drugs, diagnosis, and treatment targets. A useful tool in the quest to reveal the enigmas related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease is the single-cell sequencing technique. By clarifying cell heterogeneity, identifying pathogenic cell groups, and finding key gene targets, the map at the single cell level enables people to better understand the cell diversity of complex organisms and the immune state of hosts during infection. Here, we briefly reviewed the development of single-cell sequencing, and emphasized the different applications and limitations of various technologies. Single-cell sequencing has been widely used in the study of the pathogenesis and immune response of tuberculosis. We review these works summarizing the most influential findings. Combined with the multi-molecular level and multi-dimensional analysis, we aim to deeply understand the blank and potential future development of the research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection using single-cell sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences/China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences/China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yang J, Zhang L, Qiao W, Luo Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e353. [PMID: 37674971 PMCID: PMC10477518 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern in the 21st century, especially due to drug resistance, coinfection with diseases like immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and coronavirus disease 2019, and the lengthy and costly treatment protocols. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of TB infection, therapeutic targets, and corresponding modulators, including first-line medications, current clinical trial drugs and molecules in preclinical assessment. Understanding the mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and important biological targets can lead to innovative treatments. While most antitubercular agents target pathogen-related processes, host-directed therapy (HDT) modalities addressing immune defense, survival mechanisms, and immunopathology also hold promise. Mtb's adaptation to the human host involves manipulating host cellular mechanisms, and HDT aims to disrupt this manipulation to enhance treatment effectiveness. Our review provides valuable insights for future anti-TB drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Yang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Laiying Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Lung Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Youfu Luo
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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7
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Shleider Carnero Canales C, Marquez Cazorla J, Furtado Torres AH, Monteiro Filardi ET, Di Filippo LD, Costa PI, Roque-Borda CA, Pavan FR. Advances in Diagnostics and Drug Discovery against Resistant and Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2409. [PMID: 37896169 PMCID: PMC10610444 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a subclinical, asymptomatic mycobacterial state affecting approximately 25% of the global population. The substantial prevalence of LTBI, combined with the risk of progressing to active tuberculosis, underscores its central role in the increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB). Accurate identification and timely treatment are vital to contain and reduce the spread of the disease, forming a critical component of the global strategy known as "End TB." This review aims to examine and highlight the most recent scientific evidence related to new diagnostic approaches and emerging therapeutic treatments for LTBI. While prevalent diagnostic methods include the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), WHO's approval of two specific IGRAs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) marked a significant advancement. However, the need for a specific test with global application viability has propelled research into diagnostic tests based on molecular diagnostics, pulmonary immunity, epigenetics, metabolomics, and a current focus on next-generation MTB antigen-based skin test (TBST). It is within these emerging methods that the potential for accurate distinction between LTBI and active TB has been demonstrated. Therapeutically, in addition to traditional first-line therapies, anti-LTBI drugs, anti-resistant TB drugs, and innovative candidates in preclinical and clinical stages are being explored. Although the advancements are promising, it is crucial to recognize that further research and clinical evidence are needed to solidify the effectiveness and safety of these new approaches, in addition to ensuring access to new drugs and diagnostic methods across all health centers. The fight against TB is evolving with the development of more precise diagnostic tools that differentiate the various stages of the infection and with more effective and targeted treatments. Once consolidated, current advancements have the potential to transform the prevention and treatment landscape of TB, reinforcing the global mission to eradicate this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Shleider Carnero Canales
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (C.S.C.C.)
| | - Jessica Marquez Cazorla
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (C.S.C.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Inácio Costa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
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8
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Booysen P, Wilkinson KA, Sheerin D, Waters R, Coussens AK, Wilkinson RJ. Immune interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254206. [PMID: 37841282 PMCID: PMC10569495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are major infectious causes of death, with meta-analyses and population-based studies finding increased mortality in co-infected patients simultaneously diagnosed with COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). There is a need to understand the immune interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb which impacts poor outcomes for those co-infected. We performed a PubMed and preprint search using keywords [SARS-CoV-2] AND [tuberculosis] AND [Immune response], including publications after January 2020, excluding reviews or opinions. Abstracts were evaluated by authors for inclusion of data specifically investigating the innate and/or acquired immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb in humans and animal models, immunopathological responses in co-infection and both trials and investigations of potential protection against SARS-CoV-2 by Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG). Of the 248 articles identified, 39 were included. Incidence of co-infection is discussed, considering in areas with a high burden of TB, where reported co-infection is likely underestimated. We evaluated evidence of the clinical association between COVID-19 and TB, discuss differences and similarities in immune responses in humans and in murine studies, and the implications of co-infection. SARS-CoV-2 and Mtb have both been shown to modulate immune responses, particularly of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells. Co-infection may result in impaired immunity to SARS-CoV-2, with an exacerbated inflammatory response, while T cell responses to Mtb may be modulated by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, there has been no proven potential COVID-19 clinical benefit of BCG despite numerous large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Booysen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katalin A. Wilkinson
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Sheerin
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Waters
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna K. Coussens
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Aiello A, Najafi-Fard S, Goletti D. Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244556. [PMID: 37662901 PMCID: PMC10470049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose etiologic agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are currently the two deadliest infectious diseases in humans, which together have caused about more than 11 million deaths worldwide in the past 3 years. TB and COVID-19 share several aspects including the droplet- and aerosol-borne transmissibility, the lungs as primary target, some symptoms, and diagnostic tools. However, these two infectious diseases differ in other aspects as their incubation period, immune cells involved, persistence and the immunopathological response. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between TB and COVID-19 focusing on the innate and adaptive immune response induced after the exposure to Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 and the pathological pathways linking the two infections. Moreover, we provide a brief overview of the immune response in case of TB-COVID-19 co-infection highlighting the similarities and differences of each individual infection. A comprehensive understanding of the immune response involved in TB and COVID-19 is of utmost importance for the design of effective therapeutic strategies and vaccines for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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10
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Chin KL, Fonte L, Lim BH, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A. Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091352. [PMID: 37020538 PMCID: PMC10067736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Kai Ling Chin, ; Luis Fonte, ; Armando Acosta,
| | - Luis Fonte
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Kai Ling Chin, ; Luis Fonte, ; Armando Acosta,
| | - Boon Huat Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maria E. Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Kai Ling Chin, ; Luis Fonte, ; Armando Acosta,
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11
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Amaral EP, Foreman TW, Namasivayam S, Hilligan KL, Kauffman KD, Barbosa Bomfim CC, Costa DL, Barreto-Duarte B, Gurgel-Rocha C, Santana MF, Cordeiro-Santos M, Du Bruyn E, Riou C, Aberman K, Wilkinson RJ, Barber DL, Mayer-Barber KD, Andrade BB, Sher A. GPX4 regulates cellular necrosis and host resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220504. [PMID: 36069923 PMCID: PMC9458471 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular necrosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection promotes both immunopathology and bacterial dissemination. Glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in preventing iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death (ferroptosis), a process previously implicated in the necrotic pathology seen in Mtb-infected mice. Here, we document altered GPX4 expression, glutathione levels, and lipid peroxidation in patients with active tuberculosis and assess the role of this pathway in mice genetically deficient in or overexpressing Gpx4. We found that Gpx4-deficient mice infected with Mtb display substantially increased lung necrosis and bacterial burdens, while transgenic mice overexpressing the enzyme show decreased bacterial loads and necrosis. Moreover, Gpx4-deficient macrophages exhibited enhanced necrosis upon Mtb infection in vitro, an outcome suppressed by the lipid peroxidation inhibitor, ferrostatin-1. These findings provide support for the role of ferroptosis in Mtb-induced necrosis and implicate the Gpx4/GSH axis as a target for host-directed therapy of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P. Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Taylor W. Foreman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kerry L. Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Caio Cesar Barbosa Bomfim
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador, Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Gurgel-Rocha
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Sao Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Monique Freire Santana
- Departmento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Elsa Du Bruyn
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Aberman
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert John Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador, Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Singh S, Maurya SK, Aqdas M, Bashir H, Arora A, Bhalla V, Agrewala JN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits MPT64 to generate myeloid-derived suppressor cells to evade the immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Geng X, Wu X, Yang Q, Xin H, Zhang B, Wang D, Liu L, Liu S, Chen Q, Liu Z, Zhang M, Pan S, Zhang X, Gao L, Jin Q. Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals neutrophils’ transcriptional landscape associated with active tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954221. [PMID: 36059536 PMCID: PMC9436479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in recent years. Interferon-induced blood transcriptional signatures in ATB are predominantly driven by neutrophils. In this study, we performed global RNA-seq on peripheral blood neutrophils from active tuberculosis patients (ATB, n=15); latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI, n=22); and healthy controls (HC, n=21). The results showed that greater perturbations of gene expression patterns happened in neutrophils from ATB individuals than HC or those with LTBI, and a total of 344 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed. Functional enrichment analysis showed that besides the interferon signaling pathway, multiple pattern recognition receptor pathways were significantly activated in ATB, such as NOD-like receptors and Toll-like receptors. Meanwhile, we also observed that the expression of genes related to endocytosis, secretory granules, and neutrophils degranulation were downregulated. Our data also showed that the NF-κB signaling pathway might be inhibited in patients with ATB, which could increase Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival and lead to active tuberculosis status. Furthermore, we validated the accuracy of some differentially expressed genes in an independent cohort using quantitative PCR, and obtained three novel genes (RBM3, CSRNP1, SRSF5) with the ability to discriminate active tuberculosis from LTBI and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianting Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Henan Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dakuan Wang
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Song Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shouguo Pan
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Jin, ; Xiaobing Zhang, ; Lei Gao,
| | - Lei Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Jin, ; Xiaobing Zhang, ; Lei Gao,
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Jin, ; Xiaobing Zhang, ; Lei Gao,
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14
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Yao Q, Xie Y, Xu D, Qu Z, Wu J, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Xiong H, Zhang XL. Lnc-EST12, which is negatively regulated by mycobacterial EST12, suppresses antimycobacterial innate immunity through its interaction with FUBP3. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:883-897. [PMID: 35637281 PMCID: PMC9149337 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of intracellular pathogens. However, the role and mechanism of the important lncRNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection remain largely unexplored. Recently, we found that a secreted M.tb Rv1579c (an early secreted target with a molecular weight of 12 kDa, named EST12) protein activates NLRP3-gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and plays a pivotal role in M.tb-induced immunity. In the present study, M.tb and the EST12 protein negatively regulated the expression of a key lncRNA (named lnc-EST12) in mouse macrophages by activating the JAK2-STAT5a signaling pathway. Lnc-EST12, with a size of 1583 bp, is mainly expressed in immune-related organs (liver, lung and spleen). Lnc-EST12 not only reduces the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL5/8 but also suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD pyroptosis-IL-1β immune pathway through its interaction with the transcription factor far upstream element-binding protein 3 (FUBP3). The KH3 and KH4 domains of FUBP3 are the critical sites for binding to lnc-EST12. Deficiency of mouse lnc-EST12 or FUBP3 in macrophages increased M.tb clearance and inflammation in mouse macrophages or mice. In conclusion, we report a new immunoregulatory mechanism in which mouse lnc-EST12 negatively regulates anti-M.tb innate immunity through FUBP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Yao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Zilu Qu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Wei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Posada-Reyes AB, Balderas-Martínez YI, Ávila-Ríos S, Vinuesa P, Fonseca-Coronado S. An Epistatic Network Describes oppA and glgB as Relevant Genes for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:856212. [PMID: 35712352 PMCID: PMC9194097 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.856212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an acid-fast bacterium that causes tuberculosis worldwide. The role of epistatic interactions among different loci of the M. tuberculosis genome under selective pressure may be crucial for understanding the disease and the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance acquisition. Here, we analyzed polymorphic loci interactions by applying a model-free method for epistasis detection, SpydrPick, on a pan–genome-wide alignment created from a set of 254 complete reference genomes. By means of the analysis of an epistatic network created with the detected epistatic interactions, we found that glgB (α-1,4-glucan branching enzyme) and oppA (oligopeptide-binding protein) are putative targets of co-selection in M. tuberculosis as they were associated in the network with M. tuberculosis genes related to virulence, pathogenesis, transport system modulators of the immune response, and antibiotic resistance. In addition, our work unveiled potential pharmacological applications for genotypic antibiotic resistance inherent to the mutations of glgB and oppA as they epistatically interact with fprA and embC, two genes recently included as antibiotic-resistant genes in the catalog of the World Health Organization. Our findings showed that this approach allows the identification of relevant epistatic interactions that may lead to a better understanding of M. tuberculosis by deciphering the complex interactions of molecules involved in its metabolism, virulence, and pathogenesis and that may be applied to different bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Berenice Posada-Reyes
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Mexico, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ali-Berenice Posada-Reyes, ; Salvador Fonseca-Coronado,
| | | | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Vinuesa
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Salvador Fonseca-Coronado
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ali-Berenice Posada-Reyes, ; Salvador Fonseca-Coronado,
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16
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Matteucci KC, Correa AAS, Costa DL. Recent Advances in Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis and Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:905278. [PMID: 35669122 PMCID: PMC9163498 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and malaria, caused by parasites from the Plasmodium genus, are two of the major causes of death due to infectious diseases in the world. Both diseases are treatable with drugs that have microbicidal properties against each of the etiologic agents. However, problems related to treatment compliance by patients and emergence of drug resistant microorganisms have been a major problem for combating TB and malaria. This factor is further complicated by the absence of highly effective vaccines that can prevent the infection with either M. tuberculosis or Plasmodium. However, certain host biological processes have been found to play a role in the promotion of infection or in the pathogenesis of each disease. These processes can be targeted by host-directed therapies (HDTs), which can be administered in conjunction with the standard drug treatments for each pathogen, aiming to accelerate their elimination or to minimize detrimental side effects resulting from exacerbated inflammation. In this review we discuss potential new targets for the development of HDTs revealed by recent advances in the knowledge of host-pathogen interaction biology, and present an overview of strategies that have been tested in vivo, either in experimental models or in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kely C. Matteucci
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André A. S. Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Diego L. Costa,
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17
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dos Santos Macêdo DC, Cavalcanti IDL, de Fátima Ramos dos Santos Medeiros SM, de Souza JB, de Britto Lira Nogueira MC, Cavalcanti IMF. Nanotechnology and tuberculosis: An old disease with new treatment strategies. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 135:102208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Larsen SE, Williams BD, Rais M, Coler RN, Baldwin SL. It Takes a Village: The Multifaceted Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840225. [PMID: 35359957 PMCID: PMC8960931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite co-evolving with humans for centuries and being intensely studied for decades, the immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have yet to be fully defined. This lapse in understanding is a major lag in the pipeline for evaluating and advancing efficacious vaccine candidates. While CD4+ T helper 1 (TH1) pro-inflammatory responses have a significant role in controlling Mtb infection, the historically narrow focus on this cell population may have eclipsed the characterization of other requisite arms of the immune system. Over the last decade, the tuberculosis (TB) research community has intentionally and intensely increased the breadth of investigation of other immune players. Here, we review mechanistic preclinical studies as well as clinical anecdotes that suggest the degree to which different cell types, such as NK cells, CD8+ T cells, γ δ T cells, and B cells, influence infection or disease prevention. Additionally, we categorically outline the observed role each major cell type plays in vaccine-induced immunity, including Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Novel vaccine candidates advancing through either the preclinical or clinical pipeline leverage different platforms (e.g., protein + adjuvant, vector-based, nucleic acid-based) to purposefully elicit complex immune responses, and we review those design rationales and results to date. The better we as a community understand the essential composition, magnitude, timing, and trafficking of immune responses against Mtb, the closer we are to reducing the severe disease burden and toll on human health inflicted by TB globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E. Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brittany D. Williams
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maham Rais
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Susan L. Baldwin,
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19
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Perez-Malagon CD, Barrera-Rodriguez R, Lopez-Gonzalez MA, Alva-Lopez LF. Diagnostic and Neurological Overview of Brain Tuberculomas: A Review of Literature. Cureus 2021; 13:e20133. [PMID: 34900500 PMCID: PMC8648135 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). It is estimated by World Health Organization (WHO) that nearly a quarter of the world's population is infected. Tuberculoma of the brain is one of the most severe extrapulmonary forms that affects patients younger than 40 years of age. Brain parenchymal tuberculoma develops in nearly one of 300 non-treated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis cases. In endemic regions, tuberculomas account for as many as 50% of all intracranial masses. Tuberculoma results in a hematogenous spread of M. tb from an extracranial source. Tuberculomas can mimic a variety of diseases and can present themselves in a subacute or chronic course, from asymptomatic to severe intracranial hypertension. Diagnosis is based on computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies with a similar ring-enhancing lesion. Treatment is primarily medical, and the duration for brain tuberculoma can vary from six to 36 months. In certain cases, surgery is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raul Barrera-Rodriguez
- Immunopharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Mexico City, MEX
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20
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A differential DNA methylome signature of pulmonary immune cells from individuals converting to latent tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19418. [PMID: 34593857 PMCID: PMC8484443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spreads via aerosols and the first encounter with the immune system is with the pulmonary-resident immune cells. The role of epigenetic regulations in the immune cells is emerging and we have previously shown that macrophages capacity to kill M. tuberculosis is reflected in the DNA methylome. The aim of this study was to investigate epigenetic modifications in alveolar macrophages and T cells in a cohort of medical students with an increased risk of TB exposure, longitudinally. DNA methylome analysis revealed that a unique DNA methylation profile was present in healthy subjects who later developed latent TB during the study. The profile was reflected in a different overall DNA methylation distribution as well as a distinct set of differentially methylated genes (DMGs). The DMGs were over-represented in pathways related to metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and T cell migration and IFN-γ production, pathways previously reported important in TB control. In conclusion, we identified a unique DNA methylation signature in individuals, with no peripheral immune response to M. tuberculosis antigen who later developed latent TB. Together the study suggests that the DNA methylation status of pulmonary immune cells can reveal who will develop latent TB infection.
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21
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Yan Z, Wang H, Mu L, Hu ZD, Zheng WQ. Regulatory roles of extracellular vesicles in immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7311-7318. [PMID: 34616797 PMCID: PMC8464473 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cystic vesicles naturally released by most mammalian cells and bacteria. EV contents include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can act as messengers to transmit a variety of molecules to recipient cells and thus play important regulatory roles in intercellular signal transduction. EVs, released by either a host cell or a pathogen, can carry pathogen-associated antigens and thus act as modulators of immune responses. EVs derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected cells can regulate the innate immune response through various pathways, such as regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, EVs can mediate antigen presentation and regulate the adaptive immune response by transmitting immunoregulatory molecules to T helper cells. In this review, we summarize the regulatory roles of EVs in the immune response against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Parasitology, the College of Basic Medical Sciences of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Parasitology, the College of Basic Medical Sciences of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lan Mu
- Department of Parasitology, the College of Basic Medical Sciences of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi-De Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Qi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Parasitology, the College of Basic Medical Sciences of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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22
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Mvubu NE, Chiliza TE. Exploring the Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Derivatives as Alveolar NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulators during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179497. [PMID: 34502407 PMCID: PMC8431520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a successful intracellular pathogen that is responsible for the highest mortality rate among diseases caused by bacterial infections. During early interaction with the host innate cells, M. tuberculosis cell surface antigens interact with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) to activate the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-repeat containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) canonical, and non-canonical inflammasome pathways. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the alveoli has been reported to contribute to the early inflammatory response that is needed for an effective anti-TB response through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including those of the Interleukin 1 (IL1) family. However, overstimulation of the alveolar NLRP3 inflammasomes can induce excessive inflammation that is pathological to the host. Several studies have explored the use of medicinal plants and/or their active derivatives to inhibit excessive stimulation of the inflammasomes and its associated factors, thus reducing immunopathological response in the host. This review describes the molecular mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the alveoli during M. tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, the mechanisms of inflammasome inhibition using medicinal plant and their derivatives will also be explored, thus offering a novel perspective on the alternative control strategies of M. tuberculosis-induced immunopathology.
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Dewangan RP, Singh M, Ilic S, Tam B, Akabayov B. Cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid-based DNA primase/Gyrase inhibitors as potent anti-tubercular agents against planktonic and biofilm culture of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:722-732. [PMID: 34265158 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium that caused 1.5 million fatalities globally in 2018. New strains of Mtb resistant to all known classes of antibiotics pose a global healthcare problem. In this work, we have conjugated novel indole-3-acetic acid-based DNA primase/gyrase inhibitor with cell-penetrating peptide via cleavable and non-cleavable bonds. For non-cleavable linkage, inhibitor was conjugated with peptide via an amide bond to the N-terminus, whereas a cleavable linkage was obtained by conjugating the inhibitor through a disulfide bond. We performed the conjugation of the inhibitor either directly on a solid surface or by using solution-phase chemistry. M. smegmatis (non-pathogenic model of Mtb) was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthetic conjugates. Conjugates were found more active as compared to free inhibitor molecules. Strikingly, the conjugate also impairs the development of biofilm, showing a therapeutic potential against infections caused by both planktonic and sessile forms of mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Benjamin Tam
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Barak Akabayov
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Kathamuthu GR, Moideen K, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Reduced neutrophil granular proteins and post-treatment modulation in tuberculous lymphadenitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253534. [PMID: 34153068 PMCID: PMC8216526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils are important for host innate immune defense and mediate inflammatory responses. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is associated with increased neutrophil granular protein (NGP) levels in the circulation. However, the systemic levels of neutrophil granular proteins were not examined in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) disease. Methods We measured the systemic levels of NGP (myeloperoxidase [MPO], elastase and proteinase 3 [PRTN3]) in TBL and compared them to latent tuberculosis (LTB) and healthy control (HC) individuals. We also measured the pre-treatment (Pre-T) and post-treatment (Post-T) systemic levels of neutrophil granular proteins in TBL individuals upon anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) completion. In addition, we studied the correlation and discriminatory ability of NGPs using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results Our data suggests that systemic levels of NGPs (MPO, PRTN3, elastase) were significantly reduced in TBL individuals compared to LTB and HC individuals. Similarly, after ATT, the plasma levels of MPO and elastase but not PRTN3 were significantly elevated compared to pre-treatment levels. NGPs (except PRTN3) were positively correlated with absolute neutrophil count of TBL, LTB and HC individuals. Further, NGPs were able to significantly discriminate TBL from LTB and HC individuals. Conclusion Hence, we conclude reduced neutrophil granular protein levels might be associated with disease pathogenesis in TBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Li P, Shi J, Zhou L, Wang B, Zhang LJ, Duan L, Hu Q, Zhou X, Yuan Y, Li D, Chen H, Zhao Q, Peng X, Chen W. Pleural Fluid GSDMD Is a Novel Biomarker for the Early Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:620322. [PMID: 34163438 PMCID: PMC8215111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.620322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gasdermin D (GSDMD), controlling pyroptosis in cells, has multiple physiological functions. The diagnostic role of GSDMD in pleural effusion (PE) remains unknown. METHODS Sandwich ELISA kits that we developed were applied to measure the level of GSDMD for 335 patients with a definite cause of PE, including transudative PE, tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE), and malignant pleural effusion (MPE). The diagnostic accuracy of Light's criteria vs. the new marker GSDMD was performed. Clinical follow-up of 40 cases of PPE was conducted and divided into efficacy and non-efficacy groups according to the therapeutic outcome. Nucleated cells (NCs) in PE were isolated and further infected with bacteria to verify the cell source of GSDMD. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of GSDMD for the diagnosis of PE were 96% (sensitivity) and 94% (specificity). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that GSDMD can be an efficient biomarker for the differential diagnosis of transudative PE and other groups (all AUC > 0.973). Noteworthily, the highest AUC belonged to tuberculosis diagnosis of 0.990, and the cut-off value was 18.40 ng/mL. Moreover, the same cut-off value of PPE and MPE was 9.35 ng/mL. The combination of GSDMD, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) will further improve the diagnostic efficiency especially between TPE and PPE (AUC = 0.968). The AUC of GSDMD change at day 4, which could predict the therapeutic effect at an early stage, was 0.945 (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, bacterial infection experiments further confirm that the pleural fluid GSDMD was expressed and secreted mainly by the NCs. CONCLUSION GSDMD and its combination are candidates as a potentially novel biomarker not only to separate PEs early and effectively, but also monitor disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhou
- Department of Medical Record Management, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ostrik AA, Azhikina TL, Salina EG. Small Noncoding RNAs and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S109-S119. [PMID: 33827403 PMCID: PMC7905965 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792114008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses a significant arsenal of strategies to combat immune defense of the host organism. Small noncoding RNAs, which constitute the largest group of regulatory RNAs, play an important role in the host–pathogen interactions and represent one of the levels of the regulation of interactions of microbial cells with their environment. The regulatory role of small RNAs in pathogenic bacteria is essential when rapid adaptation to the changing environmental conditions with further synchronization of metabolic reactions are required to ensure microbial survival and infection progression. During the past few years, eight small RNAs from M. tuberculosis have been functionally characterized, and targets for four of them have been identified. Small RNAs from M. tuberculosis and other pathogenic microorganisms were found to be one of the most important functional factors in the adaptive response to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina A Ostrik
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Tatyana L Azhikina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Elena G Salina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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27
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections claim more than a million lives each year, and better treatments or vaccines are required. A crucial pathogenicity factor is translocation from phagolysosomes to the cytosol upon phagocytosis by macrophages. Translocation from the phagolysosome to the cytosol is an ESX-1-dependent process, as previously shown in vitro Here, we show that in vivo, mycobacteria also translocate to the cytosol but mainly when host immunity is compromised. We observed only low numbers of cytosolic bacilli in mice, armadillos, zebrafish, and patient material infected with M. tuberculosis, M. marinum, or M. leprae In contrast, when innate or adaptive immunity was compromised, as in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1)-deficient mice, significant numbers of cytosolic M. tuberculosis bacilli were detected in the lungs of infected mice. Taken together, in vivo, translocation to the cytosol of M. tuberculosis is controlled by adaptive immune responses as well as IL-1R1-mediated signals.IMPORTANCE For decades, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been one of the deadliest pathogens known. Despite infecting approximately one-third of the human population, no effective treatment or vaccine is available. A crucial pathogenicity factor is subcellular localization, as M. tuberculosis can translocate from phagolysosome to the cytosol in macrophages. The situation in vivo is more complicated. In this study, we establish that high-level cytosolic escape of mycobacteria can indeed occur in vivo but mainly when host resistance is compromised. The IL-1 pathway is crucial for the control of the number of cytosolic mycobacteria. The establishment that immune signals result in the clearance of cells containing cytosolic mycobacteria connects two important fields, cell biology and immunology, which is vital for the understanding of the pathology of M. tuberculosis.
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Shariq M, Quadir N, Sharma N, Singh J, Sheikh JA, Khubaib M, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis RipA Dampens TLR4-Mediated Host Protective Response Using a Multi-Pronged Approach Involving Autophagy, Apoptosis, Metabolic Repurposing, and Immune Modulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636644. [PMID: 33746976 PMCID: PMC7969667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductive evolution has endowed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) with moonlighting in protein functions. We demonstrate that RipA (Rv1477), a peptidoglycan hydrolase, activates the NFκB signaling pathway and elicits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, through the activation of an innate immune-receptor, toll-like receptor (TLR)4. RipA also induces an enhanced expression of macrophage activation markers MHC-II, CD80, and CD86, suggestive of M1 polarization. RipA harbors LC3 (Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) motifs known to be involved in autophagy regulation and indeed alters the levels of autophagy markers LC3BII and P62/SQSTM1 (Sequestosome-1), along with an increase in the ratio of P62/Beclin1, a hallmark of autophagy inhibition. The use of pharmacological agents, rapamycin and bafilomycin A1, reveals that RipA activates PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling cascade that ultimately culminates in the inhibition of autophagy initiating kinase ULK1 (Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase). This inhibition of autophagy translates into efficient intracellular survival, within macrophages, of recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing M. tb RipA. RipA, which also localizes into mitochondria, inhibits the production of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes to promote a Warburg-like phenotype in macrophages that favors bacterial replication. Furthermore, RipA also inhibited caspase-dependent programed cell death in macrophages, thus hindering an efficient innate antibacterial response. Collectively, our results highlight the role of an endopeptidase to create a permissive replication niche in host cells by inducing the repression of autophagy and apoptosis, along with metabolic reprogramming, and pointing to the role of RipA in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shariq
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Quadir
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India.,Jamia Hamdard Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India.,Jamia Hamdard Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasdeep Singh
- Jamia Hamdard Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javaid A Sheikh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Khubaib
- Jamia Hamdard Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Jamia Hamdard Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D) Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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Lei Y, Cao X, Xu W, Yang B, Xu Y, Zhou W, Dong S, Wu Q, Rahman K, Tyagi R, Zhao S, Chen X, Cao G. Rv3722c Promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis Survival in Macrophages by Interacting With TRAF3. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:627798. [PMID: 33718275 PMCID: PMC7947218 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.627798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) secretes numerous proteins to interfere with host immune response for its long-term survival. As one of the top abundant M.tb secreted proteins, Rv3722c was found to be essential for bacilli growth. However, it remains elusive how this protein interferes with the host immune response and regulates M.tb survival. Here, we confirmed that Rv3722c interacted with host TRAF3 to promote M.tb replication in macrophages. Knock-down of TRAF3 attenuated the effect of Rv3722c on the intracellular M.tb survival. The interaction between Rv3722c and TRAF3 hampered MAPK and NF-κB pathways, resulting in a significant increase of IFN-β expression and decrease of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-α expression. Our study revealed that Rv3722c interacted with TRAF3 and interrupted its downstream pathways to promote M.tb survival in macrophages. These findings facilitate further understanding of the mechanism of M.tb secreted proteins in regulating the host cell immune response and promoting its intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weize Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Khaista Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rohit Tyagi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Bio-Medical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Staphylococcus aureus Internalization in Osteoblast Cells: Mechanisms, Interactions and Biochemical Processes. What Did We Learn from Experimental Models? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020239. [PMID: 33669789 PMCID: PMC7922271 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial internalization is a strategy that non-intracellular microorganisms use to escape the host immune system and survive inside the human body. Among bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus showed the ability to interact with and infect osteoblasts, causing osteomyelitis as well as bone and joint infection, while also becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotic therapy and a reservoir of bacteria that can make the infection difficult to cure. Despite being a serious issue in orthopedic surgery, little is known about the mechanisms that allow bacteria to enter and survive inside the osteoblasts, due to the lack of consistent experimental models. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about S. aureus internalization mechanisms and various aspects of the interaction between bacteria and osteoblasts (e.g., best experimental conditions, bacteria-induced damages and immune system response), focusing on studies performed using the MG-63 osteoblastic cell line, the best traditional (2D) model for the study of this phenomenon to date. At the same time, as it has been widely demonstrated that 2D culture systems are not completely indicative of the dynamic environment in vivo, and more recent 3D models—representative of bone infection—have also been investigated.
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Kanabalan RD, Lee LJ, Lee TY, Chong PP, Hassan L, Ismail R, Chin VK. Human tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: A review on genetic diversity, pathogenesis and omics approaches in host biomarkers discovery. Microbiol Res 2021; 246:126674. [PMID: 33549960 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) refers to a group of mycobacteria encompassing nine members of closely related species that causes tuberculosis in animals and humans. Among the nine members, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) remains the main causative agent for human tuberculosis that results in high mortality and morbidity globally. In general, MTBC species are low in diversity but exhibit distinctive biological differences and phenotypes among different MTBC lineages. MTBC species are likely to have evolved from a common ancestor through insertions/deletions processes resulting in species speciation with different degrees of pathogenicity. The pathogenesis of human tuberculosis is complex and remains poorly understood. It involves multi-interactions or evolutionary co-options between host factors and bacterial determinants for survival of the MTBC. Granuloma formation as a protection or survival mechanism in hosts by MTBC remains controversial. Additionally, MTBC species are capable of modulating host immune response and have adopted several mechanisms to evade from host immune attack in order to survive in humans. On the other hand, current diagnostic tools for human tuberculosis are inadequate and have several shortcomings. Numerous studies have suggested the potential of host biomarkers in early diagnosis of tuberculosis, in disease differentiation and in treatment monitoring. "Multi-omics" approaches provide holistic views to dissect the association of MTBC species with humans and offer great advantages in host biomarkers discovery. Thus, in this review, we seek to understand how the genetic variations in MTBC lead to species speciation with different pathogenicity. Furthermore, we also discuss how the host and bacterial players contribute to the pathogenesis of human tuberculosis. Lastly, we provide an overview of the journey of "omics" approaches in host biomarkers discovery in human tuberculosis and provide some interesting insights on the challenges and directions of "omics" approaches in host biomarkers innovation and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuga Devi Kanabalan
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Le Jie Lee
- Prima Nexus Sdn. Bhd., Menara CIMB, Jalan Stesen Sentral 2, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tze Yan Lee
- Perdana University School of Liberal Arts, Science and Technology (PUScLST), Suite 9.2, 9th Floor, Wisma Chase Perdana, Changkat Semantan Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, 50490, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Voon Kin Chin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia; Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia.
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MicroRNA-20a-3p regulates the host immune response to facilitate the mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by targeting IKKβ/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107286. [PMID: 33385712 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) has evolved to utilize different mechanisms to evade the host immune response. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to regulate innate immune response in M.tb replication and infection, but the roles and detailed molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in M.tb infection remain to be clarified. METHODS Previously published dataset GSE94007 from GEO database was used for screening differential-expressed miRNAs, and a significant up-regulated miR-20a-3p was chosen for further investigation. Cells were transfected with miR-20a-3p mimics, inhibitors, IKKβ siRNA, or their controls to verify the role of miR-20a-3p and IKKβ in M.tb infection and host immune response. IL-β, IL-6 and TNF-α contents in supernatant were measured by ELISA kits. The expression level of IKKβ/NF-κB pathway were also detected by western blot. RESULTS We found that miR-20a-3p was dose-and time-dependently increased during M.tb infection. Subsequently, our results demonstrated that upregulation of miR-20a-3p promoted intracellular growth of bacterial, and suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokines in both M.tb-infected RAW264.7 and BMDM cells, while downregulation of miR-20a-3p had an opposite effect. Moreover, miR-20a-3p suppressed the activity of NF-κB pathway by directly targeting IKKβ, resulting in the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuation of immune response and promotion of M.tb survival. CONCLUSION Our findings uncover a role of miR-20a-3p and its target IKKβ in regulating M.tb induced immune responses and provide a better understanding of pathogenesis of M.tb infection.
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Tan W, Zhang L, Wang S, Jiang P. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with the treatment response to tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104672. [PMID: 33301855 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The high morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis (TB) have severe socio-economic consequences, and there is an urgent need to explore the mechanisms driving TB development and progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the regulatory RNAs and target genes involved in TB, in order to identify key genetic biomarkers for diagnosing and treating TB. METHODS Circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNAs) expression profiles of TB patients and healthy controls were downloaded from the GEO database. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed using the differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). The DEmRNAs in this network were functionally annotated using GO and KEGG analyses, and ordinal regression analysis was used to identify the genes correlated to the treatment response in TB patients. RESULTS We identified 133 DEmRNAs, 37 DEcircRNAs and 173 DEmiRNAs between the TB and healthy controls, from which 30 DECircRNAs, 27 DEmiRNAs and 35 DEmRNAs were used to construct the ceRNA network. CACNA1I, IGF2BP3, LPCAT2, SPOCK2 and IRF2 were significantly correlated with the anti-TB therapeutic response (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A TB-associated DEcircRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed, of which some DEmRNAs potentially influence the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanmei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Li Z, Zheng C, Terreni M, Tanzi L, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Novel Vaccine Candidates against Tuberculosis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5095-5118. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181126112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ranking above AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death affecting and
killing many individuals every year. Drugs’ efficacy is limited by a series of problems such as Multi-
Drug Resistance (MDR) and Extensively-Drug Resistance (XDR). Meanwhile, the only licensed vaccine
BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) existing for over 90 years is not effective enough. Consequently,
it is essential to develop novel vaccines for TB prevention and immunotherapy. This paper
provides an overall review of the TB prevalence, immune system response against TB and recent
progress of TB vaccine research and development. Several vaccines in clinical trials are described as
well as LAM-based candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Changping Zheng
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Tanzi
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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35
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Ganguli G, Pattanaik KP, Jagadeb M, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3034c regulates mTORC1 and PPAR-γ dependant pexophagy mechanism to control redox levels in macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13214. [PMID: 32388919 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives inside the macrophages by employing several host immune evasion strategies. Here, we reported a novel mechanism in which M. tuberculosis acetyltransferase, encoded by Rv3034c, induces peroxisome homeostasis to regulate host oxidative stress levels to facilitate intracellular mycobacterial infection. Presence of M. tuberculosis Rv3034c induces the expression of peroxisome biogenesis and proliferation factors such as Pex3, Pex5, Pex19, Pex11b, Fis-1 and DLP-1; while depletion of Rv3034c decreased the expression of these molecules, thereby selective degradation of peroxisomes via pexophagy. Further studies revealed that M. tuberculosis Rv3034c inhibit induction of pexophagy mechanism by down-regulating the expression of pexophagy associated proteins (p-AMPKα, p-ULK-1, Atg5, Atg7, Beclin-1, LC3-II, TFEB and Keap-1) and adaptor molecules (NBR1 and p62). Inhibition was found to be dependent on the phosphorylation of mTORC1 and activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ. In order to maintain intracellular homeostasis during oxidative stress, M. tuberculosis Rv3034c was found to induce degradation of dysfunctional and damaged peroxisomes through activation of Pex14 in infected macrophages. In conclusion, this is the first report which demonstrated that M. tuberculosis acetyltransferase regulate peroxisome homeostasis in response to intracellular redox levels to favour mycobacterial infection in macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Ganguli
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Manaswini Jagadeb
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India.,Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, India
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36
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Lerner TR, Queval CJ, Lai RP, Russell MR, Fearns A, Greenwood DJ, Collinson L, Wilkinson RJ, Gutierrez MG. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cords within lymphatic endothelial cells to evade host immunity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136937. [PMID: 32369443 PMCID: PMC7259532 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to form serpentine cords is intrinsically related to its virulence, but specifically how M. tuberculosis cording contributes to pathogenesis remains obscure. Here, we show that several M. tuberculosis clinical isolates form intracellular cords in primary human lymphatic endothelial cells (hLECs) in vitro and in the lymph nodes of patients with tuberculosis. We identified via RNA-Seq a transcriptional program that activated, in infected-hLECs, cell survival and cytosolic surveillance of pathogens pathways. Consistent with this, cytosolic access was required for intracellular M. tuberculosis cording. Mycobacteria lacking ESX-1 type VII secretion system or phthiocerol dimycocerosates expression, which failed to access the cytosol, were indeed unable to form cords within hLECs. Finally, we show that M. tuberculosis cording is a size-dependent mechanism used by the pathogen to avoid its recognition by cytosolic sensors and evade either resting or IFN-γ-induced hLEC immunity. These results explain the long-standing association between M. tuberculosis cording and virulence and how virulent mycobacteria use intracellular cording as strategy to successfully adapt and persist in the lymphatic tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew R.G. Russell
- Electron Microscopy Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Fearns
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory
| | | | - Lucy Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Tuberculosis laboratory, and,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Kang GY, Rhyu HJ, Choi HH, Shin SJ, Hyun YM. 3D Imaging of the Transparent Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Lung Verifies the Localization of Innate Immune Cells With Granuloma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:226. [PMID: 32500041 PMCID: PMC7243706 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a novel tissue-clearing method, we aimed to visualize the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of immune cells within Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected mice lungs. Ethyl cinnamate-based tissue clearing of Mtb-infected mice lungs was performed to obtain transparent lung samples, which were then imaged using a light sheet fluorescence microscope. Using the 3D images, we performed quantitative analysis of the immune cell population within multiple granulomas. In addition, to compare the data from the tissue clearing method, we performed histopathological and immunofluorescence analyses, and flow cytometry. We then created 3D images of the Mtb-infected lung that successfully demonstrated the distribution of blood vessels, immune cells, and granulomas. Since the immune cells within a granuloma could be separately selected and counted, the immune cell population within a specific lesion could be quantified. In addition, macroscopic analysis, e.g., the size or shape of a granuloma, as well as microscopic analysis could be performed as intact lung samples were used. The use of the tissue clearing method in infected lungs could be a novel modality for understanding the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Yi Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Rhyu
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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38
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Lavalett L, Ortega H, Barrera LF. Infection of Monocytes From Tuberculosis Patients With Two Virulent Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces Alterations in Myeloid Effector Functions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:163. [PMID: 32391286 PMCID: PMC7190864 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a critical role during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). They are recruited to the lung, where they participate in the control of infection during active tuberculosis (TB). Alternatively, inflammatory monocytes may participate in inflammation or serve as niches for Mtb infection. Monocytes response to infection may vary depending on the particularities of the clinical isolate of Mtb from which they are infected. In this pilot study, we have examined the baseline mRNA profiles of circulating human monocytes from patients with active TB (MoTB) compared with monocytes from healthy individuals (MoCT). Circulating MoTB displayed a pro-inflammatory transcriptome characterized by increased gene expression of genes associated with cytokines, monocytopoiesis, and down-regulation of MHC class II gene expression. In response to in vitro infection with two clinical isolates of the LAM family of Mtb (UT127 and UT205), MoTB displayed an attenuated inflammatory mRNA profile associated with down-regulation the TREM1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the gene expression signature induced by Mtb UT205 clinical strain was characterized by the enrichment of genes in pathways and biological processes mainly associated with a signature of IFN-inducible genes and the inhibition of cell death mechanisms compared to MoTB-127, which could favor the establishment and survival of Mtb within the monocytes. These results suggest that circulating MoTB have an altered transcriptome that upon infection with Mtb may help to maintain chronic inflammation and infection. Moreover, this functional abnormality of monocytes may also depend on potential differences in virulence of circulating clinical strains of Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelia Lavalett
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Hector Ortega
- Clínica Cardiovascular Santa María, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis F Barrera
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIG), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis YrbE3A Promotes Host Innate Immune Response by Targeting NF-κB/JNK Signaling. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040584. [PMID: 32316659 PMCID: PMC7232258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered a successful pathogen with multiple strategies to undermine host immunity. The YrbE3A is encoded by Rv1964 within the RD15 region present in the genome of Mtb, but missing in M. bovis, M. bovis BCG (Pasteur) strain, and M. smegmatis (Ms). However, little is known about its function. In this study, the YrbE3A gene was cloned into pMV261 and expressed in Ms and BCG, while the strains with the vector served as the controls. The YrbE3A was expressed on the mycobacterial membrane, and the purified protein could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce IL-6. Furthermore, the effect of the recombinant strains on cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 was confirmed, which varied with the host strains. Ms_YrbE3A increased significantly higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 than did Ms_vec, while BCG_YrbE3A enhanced higher TNF-α than BCG_vec. The pathways associated with NF-κB p65 and MAPK p38/JNK, other than Erk1/2, regulated this process. In addition, mice were infected with Ms_YrbE3A and Ms-vec and were kinetically examined. Compared to Ms-vec, Ms_YrbE3A induced more serious inflammatory damage, higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6, higher numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes in a time-dependent way, but lower lung bacterial load in lung. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of Mtb pathogenesis.
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40
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Abstract
Traditional tuberculosis (TB) infection control focuses on the known patient with TB, usually on appropriate treatment. A refocused, intensified TB infection control approach is presented. Combined with active case finding and rapid molecular diagnostics, an approach called FAST is described as a convenient way to call attention to the untreated patient. Natural ventilation is the mainstay of air disinfection in much of the world. Germicidal ultraviolet technology is the most sustainable approach to air disinfection under resource-limited conditions. Testing and treatment of latent TB infection works to prevent reactivation but requires greater risk targeting in both low- and high-risk settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Nardell
- Division of Global Health Equity, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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41
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Huang Z, Liu J, Li L, Guo Y, Luo Q, Li J. Long non-coding RNA expression profiling of macrophage line RAW264.7 infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:403-410. [PMID: 32077318 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1707874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in regulation of biological processes. The role of lncRNAs in macrophages in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has not been explored. We used high throughput lncRNA microarray analysis to detect differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in RAW264.7 macrophages with or without M. tuberculosis infection. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the microarray results. Bioinformatics analysis (GO and KEGG) were used to explore the function of significantly dysregulated genes. Microarray results indicated that 1,487 lncRNAs (791 up and 696 down) and 910 mRNAs (536 up and 374 down) were expressed differentially in RAW264.7 macrophages with M. tuberculosis infection compared to controls. GO and pathway analysis revealed that up-regulated mRNAs were involved in immune response, immune system process, system development or TNF signaling pathway, and antigen processing and presentation. To the contrary, down-regulated mRNAs participated in system development, regulation of biological processes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. qRT-PCR results of 10 lncRNAs and mRNAs were consistent with the microarray data. M. tuberculosis infection of macrophages caused enhanced expression of lncRNA AK151345 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We determined comprehensive expression profiles of differentially expressed lncRNAs in RAW264.7 macrophages infected by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- 2014 grade of Queen Mary Department of Medical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lu Li
- 2014 grade of Queen Mary Department of Medical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang 330006, China
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Dow CT. Proposing BCG Vaccination for Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) Associated Autoimmune Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E212. [PMID: 32033287 PMCID: PMC7074941 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is widely practiced around the world to protect against the mycobacterial infection tuberculosis. BCG is also effective against the pathogenic mycobacteria that cause leprosy and Buruli's ulcer. BCG is part of the standard of care for bladder cancer where, when given as an intravesicular irrigant, BCG acts as an immunomodulating agent and lessens the risk of recurrence. Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a fatal enteritis of ruminant animals and is the putative cause of Crohn's disease of humans. MAP has been associated with an increasingly long list of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases: Crohn's, sarcoidosis, Blau syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and Parkinson's disease. Epidemiologic evidence points to BCG providing a "heterologous" protective effect on assorted autoimmune diseases; studies using BCG vaccination for T1D and MS have shown benefit in these diseases. This article proposes that the positive response to BCG in T1D and MS is due to a mitigating action of BCG upon MAP. Other autoimmune diseases, having a concomitant genetic risk for mycobacterial infection as well as cross-reacting antibodies against mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (HSP65), could reasonably be considered to respond to BCG vaccination. The rare autoimmune disease, relapsing polychondritis, is one such disease and is offered as an example. Recent studies suggesting a protective role for BCG in Alzheimer's disease are also explored. BCG-induced energy shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis provides the immunomodulating boost to the immune response and also mitigates mycobacterial infection-this cellular mechanism unifies the impact of BCG on the disparate diseases of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coad Thomas Dow
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, 9431 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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43
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Kan Y, Meng L, Xie L, Liu L, Dong W, Feng J, Yan Y, Zhao C, Peng G, Wang D, Lu M, Yang C, Niu C. Temporal modulation of host aerobic glycolysis determines the outcome of Mycobacterium marinum infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:78-85. [PMID: 31775059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the first-line host defense that the invading Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encounters. It has been recently reported that host aerobic glycolysis was elevated post the infection by a couple of virulent mycobacterial species. However, whether this metabolic transition is required for host defense against intracellular pathogens and the underlying mechanisms remain to be further investigated. A pathogenic mycobacterial species, M. marinum, is genetically close to Mtb and was utilized in this study. Through analyzing cellular carbon metabolism of RAW 264.7 (a murine macrophage-like cell line) post M. marinum infection, a strong elevation of glycolysis was observed. Next, three glycolysis inhibitors were examined for their ability to inhibit mycobacterial proliferation inside RAW264.7 macrophages. Among them, a glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) displayed a protective role against mycobacterial infection. Treatment with 2-DG at concentrations of 0.5 or 1 mM significantly induced autophagy and decreased the phagocytosis of M. marinum by macrophages. Moreover, 2-DG pre-treatment exerted a significantly protective effect on zebrafish larvae by limiting the proliferation of M. marinum, and such effect was correlated to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as the 2-DG pre-treatment increased the expression of TNF-α in both mouse peritoneal macrophages and zebrafish. On the contrary, the 2-DG treatment post infection did not restrain proliferation of M. marinum in WT zebrafish, and even accelerated bacterial replication in TNF-α-/- zebrafish. Together, modulation of glycolysis prior to infection boosts host immunity against M. marinum infection, indicating a potential intervention strategy to control mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Kan
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Meng
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biologic Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyue Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biologic Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jintao Feng
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Yan
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Mingfang Lu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biologic Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Niu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Hook JS, Cao M, Weng K, Kinnare N, Moreland JG. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipoarabinomannan Activates Human Neutrophils via a TLR2/1 Mechanism Distinct from Pam 3CSK 4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:671-681. [PMID: 31871022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, play an important role in the early innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the lung. Interactions between PMN and mycobacterial lipids impact the activation state of these migrated cells with consequences for the surrounding tissue in terms of resolution versus ongoing inflammation. We hypothesized that lipoarabinomannan from M. tuberculosis (Mtb LAM) would prime human PMN in a TLR2-dependent manner and investigated this with specific comparison with the purified synthetic TLR2 agonists, Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1. In contrast to Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1, we found Mtb LAM did not induce any of the classical PMN priming phenotypes, including enhancement of NADPH oxidase activity, shedding of l-selectin, or mobilization of CD11b. However, exposure of PMN to Mtb LAM did elicit pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and release in a TLR2/1-dependent manner, using the TLR1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs5743618 (1805G/T) as a marker for TLR2/1 specificity. Moreover, Mtb LAM did not elicit p38 MAPK phosphorylation or endocytosis, although these processes occurred with Pam3CSK4 stimulation, and were necessary for the early priming events to occur. Interestingly, Mtb LAM did not abrogate priming responses elicited by Pam3CSK4 Notably, subfractionation of light membranes from Pam3CSK4 versus Mtb LAM-stimulated cells demonstrated differential patterns of exocytosis. In summary, Mtb LAM activates PMN via TLR2/1, resulting in the production of cytokines but does not elicit early PMN priming responses, as seen with Pam3CSK4 We speculate that the inability of Mtb LAM to prime PMN may be due to differential localization of TLR2/1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Mou Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Kayson Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Nedha Kinnare
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and .,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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45
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Risalde MA, Roy Á, Bezos J, Pineda C, Casal C, Díez-Guerrier A, Lopez-Villalba I, Fernández-Manzano Á, Moreno I, De Juan L, Domínguez L, Gortazar C. Hypervitaminosis D has no positive effects on goat tuberculosis and may cause chronic renal lesions. Vet Rec 2019; 185:759. [PMID: 31690642 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for a link between vitamin D deficiency and active tuberculosis (TB). In human beings, several trials have evaluated the role of vitamin D supplementation in TB treatment with conflicting results. However, the role of vitamin D supplementation in animal TB control has received less attention. The authors evaluated the benefit of vitamin D supplementation for preventing mycobacterial infection or reducing TB lesions (TBL) in a controlled trial with goats naturally exposed to Mycobacterium caprae. METHODS Two groups of goats, a vitamin D-supplemented group and a non-supplemented control group, were housed for 10 months in direct contact with M caprae-infected adult goats. Upon contact with the infected adult goats, all animals were TB-tested every two months. RESULTS No experimental evidence of a protective effect of vitamin D supplementation based on M caprae culture prevalence, TBL prevalence, median TBL score or the proportion of single versus multiple organs presenting TBL was observed. CONCLUSION The results indicate that, in the conditions used in this study, vitamin D supplementation in goats does not reduce TB infection risk nor the diffusion and severity of TBL. In addition, vitamin D-supplemented goats presented hyperphosphataemia and renal injury with calcifications suggestive of vitamin D intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Risalde
- Department of Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit. Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba - Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Roy
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,CZ Vaccines, Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pineda
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Casal
- Laboratorios SYVA S.A.U. Technological Park, León, Spain
| | - Alberto Díez-Guerrier
- Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,MAEVA SERVET S.L, Alameda del Valle, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
| | - Lucía De Juan
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Gortazar
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
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Singh B, Saqib M, Chakraborty A, Bhaskar S. Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium indicus pranii shows immunostimulatory activity and induces autophagy in macrophages. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224239. [PMID: 31648257 PMCID: PMC6812838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) known for its immunotherapeutic potential against leprosy and tuberculosis is undergoing various clinical trials and also simultaneously being studied in animal models to get insight into the mechanistic details contributing to its protective efficacy as a vaccine candidate. Studies have shown potential immunomodulatory properties of MIP, the most significant being the ability to induce strong Th1 type of response, enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of APCs and lymphocytes, elicitation of M.tb specific poly-functional T cells. All of these form crucial components of host-immune response during M.tb infection. Also, MIP was found to be potent inducer of autophagy in macrophages which resulted in enhanced clearance of M.tb from MIP and M.tb co-infected cells. Hence, we further examined the component/s of MIP responsible for autophagy induction. Interestingly, we found that MIP lipids and DNA were able to induce autophagy but not the protein fraction. LAM being one of the crucial components of mycobacterial cell-wall lipids and possessing the ability of immunomodulation; we isolated LAM from MIP and did a comparative study with M.tb-LAM. Stimulation with MIP-LAM resulted in significantly high secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and displayed high autophagy inducing potential in macrophages as compared to M.tb-LAM. Treatment with MIP-LAM enhanced the co-localization of M.tb within the phago-lysosomes and increased the clearance of M.tb from the infected macrophages. This study describes LAM to be a crucial component of MIP which has significant contribution to its immunotherapeutic efficacy against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Singh
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Saqib
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anush Chakraborty
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Bhaskar
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Curcumin Nanoparticles Enhance Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine Efficacy by Modulating Host Immune Responses. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00291-19. [PMID: 31481412 PMCID: PMC6803339 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00291-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, causing ∼2 million deaths annually worldwide. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only TB vaccine in common use, is effective against disseminated and meningeal TB in young children but is not effective against adult pulmonary TB. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest diseases, causing ∼2 million deaths annually worldwide. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only TB vaccine in common use, is effective against disseminated and meningeal TB in young children but is not effective against adult pulmonary TB. T helper 1 (Th1) cells producing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and Th17 cells producing interleukin-17 (IL-17) play key roles in host protection against TB, whereas Th2 cells producing IL-4 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) facilitate TB disease progression by inhibiting protective Th1 and Th17 responses. Furthermore, the longevity of vaccine efficacy critically depends on the magnitude of long-lasting central memory T (TCM) cell responses. Hence, immunomodulators that promote TCM responses of the Th1 and Th17 cell lineages may improve BCG vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that curcumin nanoparticles enhance various antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions, including autophagy, costimulatory activity, and the production of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. We further show that curcumin nanoparticles enhance the capacity of BCG to induce TCM cells of the Th1 and Th17 lineages, which augments host protection against TB infection. Thus, curcumin nanoparticles hold promise for enhancing the efficacy of TB vaccines.
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Kaipilyawar V, Salgame P. Infection resisters: targets of new research for uncovering natural protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31602294 PMCID: PMC6774050 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19805.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
“Infection resisters” are broadly defined as individuals who despite significant exposure to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain persistently unreactive to conventional detection assays, suggesting that they remain uninfected or rapidly clear their infection early on following exposure. In this review, we highlight recent studies that point to underlying host immune mechanisms that could mediate this natural resistance. We also illustrate some additional avenues that are likely to be differently modulated in resisters and possess the potential to be targeted, ranging from early mycobacterial sensing leading up to subsequent killing. Emerging research in this area can be harnessed to provide valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine strategies against
M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, 225 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, 225 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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49
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Bussi C, Gutierrez MG. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of host cells in space and time. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:341-361. [PMID: 30916769 PMCID: PMC6606852 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases with over a billion deaths in the past 200 years (Paulson 2013). TB causes more deaths worldwide than any other single infectious agent, with 10.4 million new cases and close to 1.7 million deaths in 2017. The obstacles that make TB hard to treat and eradicate are intrinsically linked to the intracellular lifestyle of Mtb. Mtb needs to replicate within human cells to disseminate to other individuals and cause disease. However, we still do not completely understand how Mtb manages to survive within eukaryotic cells and why some cells are able to eradicate this lethal pathogen. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of the complex host cell-pathogen interactions in TB and review the cellular mechanisms operating at the interface between Mtb and the human host cell, highlighting the technical and methodological challenges to investigating the cell biology of human host cell-Mtb interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bussi
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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50
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Ganguli G, Mukherjee U, Sonawane A. Peroxisomes and Oxidative Stress: Their Implications in the Modulation of Cellular Immunity During Mycobacterial Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1121. [PMID: 31258517 PMCID: PMC6587667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host redox dependent physiological responses play crucial roles in the determination of mycobacterial infection process. Mtb explores oxygen rich lung microenvironments to initiate infection process, however, later on the bacilli adapt to oxygen depleted conditions and become non-replicative and unresponsive toward anti-TB drugs to enter in the latency stage. Mtb is equipped with various sensory mechanisms and a battery of pro- and anti-oxidant enzymes to protect themselves from the host oxidative stress mechanisms. After host cell invasion, mycobacteria induces the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to generate superoxide radicals (O 2 - ), which are then converted to more toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and subsequently reduced to water by catalase. However, the metabolic cascades and their key regulators associated with cellular redox homeostasis are poorly understood. Phagocytosed mycobacteria en route through different subcellular organelles, where the local environment generated during infection determines the outcome of disease. For a long time, mitochondria were considered as the key player in the redox regulation, however, accumulating evidences report vital role for peroxisomes in the maintenance of cellular redox equilibrium in eukaryotic cells. Deletion of peroxisome-associated peroxin genes impaired detoxification of reactive oxygen species and peroxisome turnover post-infection, thereby leading to altered synthesis of transcription factors, various cell-signaling cascades in favor of the bacilli. This review focuses on how mycobacteria would utilize host peroxisomes to alter redox balance and metabolic regulatory mechanisms to support infection process. Here, we discuss implications of peroxisome biogenesis in the modulation of host responses against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Ganguli
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Utsav Mukherjee
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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