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Li L, Xu X, Cheng P, Yu Z, Li M, Yu Z, Cheng W, Zhang W, Sun H, Song X. Klebsiella pneumoniae derived outer membrane vesicles mediated bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, host immune responses and clinical applications. Virulence 2025; 16:2449722. [PMID: 39792030 PMCID: PMC11730361 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2025.2449722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen that can cause multiple diseases including sepsis, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia. The escalating detections of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates are giving rise to growing public concerns. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical vesicles containing bioactive substances including lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, periplasmic and cytoplasmic proteins, and nucleic acids. Emerging studies have reported various roles of OMVs in bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, stress adaptation, and host interactions, whereas knowledge on their roles in K. pneumoniae is currently unclear. In this review, we summarized recent progress on the biogenesis, components, and biological function of K. pneumoniae OMVs, the impact and action mechanism in virulence, antibiotic resistance, and host immune response. We also deliberated on the potential of K. pneumoniae OMVs in vaccine development, as diagnostic biomarkers, and as drug nanocarriers. In conclusion, K. pneumoniae OMVs hold great promise in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxiu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengyuan Yu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children’s Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Qin LN, Yu YF, Ma L, Yu R. Intestinal bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Mol Cells 2025; 48:100216. [PMID: 40239896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2025.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 04/06/2025] [Accepted: 04/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a progressive disease that affects the health of approximately one-third of the world's population. It is the primary cause of end-stage liver disease, liver malignancy, and liver transplantation, resulting in a great medical burden. No medications have yet been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating MASLD without liver inflammation or scarring. Therefore, the development of specific drugs to treat MASLD remains a key task in the ongoing research objective. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the communication between organs, tissues, and cells. Recent studies have found that intestinal microbiota are closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of MASLD. EVs produced by bacteria (BEVs) play an indispensable role in this process. Thus, this study provides a new direction for MASLD treatment. However, the mechanism by which BEVs affect MASLD remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the influence and function of intestinal microbiota in MASLD. Additionally, we focus on the research progress of BEVs in recent years and explain the relationship between BEVs and MASLD from the perspectives of glucose and lipid metabolism, immune responses, and intestinal homeostasis. Finally, we summarized the potential therapeutic value of BEVs and EVs from other sources, such as adipocytes, immunocytes, stem cells, and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Feng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lie Ma
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China; College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Parra F, Carreño A, Ancede-Gallardo E, Majluf D, Soto JA, Sepúlveda RV, Aguayo D, Otero MC, Calderón IL, Gil F, Fuentes JA. Benzimidazole-Derived B2 as a Fluorescent Probe for Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) Labeling: Integrating DFT, Molecular Dynamics, Flow Cytometry, and Confocal Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4682. [PMID: 40429826 PMCID: PMC12112470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2025] [Revised: 04/30/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale extracellular structures produced by Gram-negative bacteria that are critical for microbial biology and host-pathogen interactions and have great potential in biotechnological applications. Despite the availability of fluorescent dyes for OMV studies, many are repurposed from eukaryotic extracellular vesicle research and are not explicitly optimized for OMVs, leading to challenges in achieving consistent labeling, minimizing background noise, and preserving vesicle integrity during analyses. This study evaluates B2, a benzimidazole-derived fluorophore, for OMV labeling in advanced techniques like flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. OMVs were isolated from Escherichia coli strains BL21 and O157, and their integrity was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). B2 staining protocols were optimized for OMVs, and fluorescence analyses revealed specific interactions with the vesicle membranes, reducing aggregation and enhancing signal uniformity. Flow cytometry indicated near-complete labeling efficiency (98-100%) with minimal background interference. Confocal microscopy further validated B2's effectiveness, showing evident OMV internalization into epithelial HT-29 cells and compatibility with other fluorophores. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including Fukui function analysis, identified key electrophilic and nucleophilic regions in B2 that facilitate specific hydrogen bonding and polar interactions with membrane components. Non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis revealed pronounced intramolecular hydrogen bonding along with discrete regions of weak van der Waals interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that B2 exhibits an affinity for both the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer and the core oligosaccharide region of the LPS layer, which collectively ensures sustained retention of the dye. The findings presented in this study position B2 as a valuable fluorophore for OMV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Parra
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (F.P.); (D.M.)
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Alexander Carreño
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Evys Ancede-Gallardo
- Laboratory of Organometallic Synthesis, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Diana Majluf
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (F.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Romina V. Sepúlveda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- ANID—Millennium Nucleus in Data Science for Plant Resilience (PhytoLearning), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Daniel Aguayo
- Instituto de Tecnología para la Innovación en Salud y Bienestar (ITISB), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile;
| | - María Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Iván L. Calderón
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Fernando Gil
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
- Microbiota-Host Interactions & Clostridia Research Group, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (F.P.); (D.M.)
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4
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Pirolli NH, Raufman JP, Jay SM. Therapeutic Potential and Translational Challenges for Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2025:izaf107. [PMID: 40357729 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaf107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
Despite the availability of numerous new immune-directed therapeutics, the major constituents of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)-continue to afflict millions worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and long-term health risks. IBD results from a triad of immune, environmental (eg, gut microbiome), and genetic (including epigenetic) mechanisms, and therefore has been subject to a wide variety of therapeutic strategies. Among these, the administration of probiotics, particularly Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB), targeting both immune and environmental factors, has shown promising potential for efficacy in selected populations in early clinical trials. However, knowledge gaps and inconsistent efficacy currently prevent recommendations for the use of probiotics in larger IBD patient populations. The inconsistent efficacy of probiotics is likely due to variable cell viability and potency after administration, further exacerbated by IBD patient heterogeneity. Thus, an alternative to live probiotics for IBD has emerged in the form of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs)-cell-secreted nanovesicles containing abundant bioactive cargo that, like live probiotics, can regulate immune and environmental factors but with fewer viability limitations and safety concerns. In this review, we summarize the work done to date establishing the potential of BEVs to provide the therapeutic benefits in IBD and discuss the hurdles BEVs must overcome to achieve clinical translation. We also consider future directions for BEV therapeutics, especially treatment potential for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which shares similarities in pathophysiology with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Pirolli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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5
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Moghaddam ZS, Dehghan A, Halimi S, Najafi F, Nokhostin A, Naeini AE, Akbarzadeh I, Ren Q. Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: Bridging Pathogen Biology and Therapeutic Innovation. Acta Biomater 2025:S1742-7061(25)00352-6. [PMID: 40349898 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2025.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
The main role of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) has been associated with various processes such as intercellular communication and host-pathogen interactions. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted functions of BEVs across different biological domains, emphasizing their dual nature as contributors to disease and potential vehicles for therapeutic intervention. We examine the intricate interactions of BEVs within bacterial communities and between bacteria and hosts, their involvement in disease development through cargo delivery mechanisms, and their beneficial impact on microbial ecology. The review also highlights BEVs' applications in biomedical field, where they are revolutionizing vaccine development, targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapy. By utilizing the inherent properties of BEVs for controlled drug release, targeted antigen delivery, and immune modulation, they offer a promising frontier in precision medicine. In addition, the diagnostic potential of BEVs is explored through their utility as biomarkers, providing valuable insights into disease states and treatment efficacy. Looking forward, this review underscores the challenges and opportunities in translating BEV research to clinical practice, promoting the need of standardized methods in BEV characterization and scaling up production. The diverse abilities of BEVs, ranging from contributing to pathogen virulence to driving therapeutic innovation, highlight their potential as a cornerstone in the future of biomedical advancements. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are emerging as pivotal players in both pathogenesis and therapeutic innovation. This review explores their dual nature as agents of disease and as promising biomaterials for biomedical applications, and provides a comprehensive survey on their involvement in disease mechanisms and microbial ecology, and their potential in biomedical applications such as vaccine development, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapy, and diagnosis. It highlights the complex interactions of BEVs within bacterial communities and between bacteria and hosts. This review also addresses current advancements, challenges, and opportunities in translating BEV research into clinical practice. The insights presented here position BEVs as a cornerstone in the future of biomedical advancements, advocating for standardized methods in BEV characterization and scalable production techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashkan Dehghan
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology Faculty of Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 0A3
| | - Saba Halimi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Najafi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-1503, United States
| | - Ali Nokhostin
- Medical Sciences & Technologies Faculty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | | | - Iman Akbarzadeh
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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6
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Fuentes I, Parra F, Rojas D, Silva A, Nevermann J, Otero MC, Gil F, Calderón IL, Fuentes JA. Hypervesiculation Meets Sec-Targeting: Enhancing Heterologous Protein Loading in Salmonella Typhi Outer Membrane Vesicles for Delivery and Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4223. [PMID: 40362459 PMCID: PMC12072155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26094223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 04/27/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) produces outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that remain comparatively underexplored as potential biotechnological tools. Here, we investigated how hypervesiculating S. Typhi mutants (ΔtolR and ΔdegS) can be engineered to load and deliver the fluorescent reporter protein mCherry, targeting human epithelial cells and the murine immune system. Deletions in tolR and degS led to distinct OMV phenotypes characterized by higher vesicle production and altered cargo composition, underscoring the impact of disrupted membrane integrity and envelope stress on OMV biogenesis. By fusing mCherry with the S. Typhi OmpA signal peptide (SPompA), we achieved robust and functionally intact intravesicular packaging in all strains. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed that the ΔtolR mutant exhibited particularly high cargo loading in the OMV fraction and pronounced mCherry delivery to epithelial cells, highlighting the potential of hypervesiculation to enhance OMV-based protein transport. However, immunization studies in mice showed that wild-type OMVs, despite carrying less mCherry than their hypervesiculating counterparts, induced the strongest anti-mCherry IgG responses. These findings indicate that, at least under these conditions, antigen loading alone is not sufficient to fully determine immunogenicity. Instead, the intrinsic composition or adjuvant-like properties of OMVs play a pivotal role in driving robust immune activation. Our results establish S. Typhi OMVs, especially when genetically modified with a Sec-dependent targeting signal (SPompA), as versatile platforms for heterologous protein delivery. Although hypervesiculation facilitates increased protein encapsulation and delivery to epithelial cells, native OMVs appear to better preserve and/or present antigens for effective immunogenic responses in vivo. These insights set the stage for further optimization of S. Typhi OMVs in vaccine development and protein therapeutics, where balancing cargo loading with immunostimulatory features may be key to achieving maximal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.F.); (F.P.); (D.R.); (A.S.); (J.N.)
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Francisco Parra
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.F.); (F.P.); (D.R.); (A.S.); (J.N.)
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Diego Rojas
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.F.); (F.P.); (D.R.); (A.S.); (J.N.)
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Andrés Silva
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.F.); (F.P.); (D.R.); (A.S.); (J.N.)
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Jan Nevermann
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.F.); (F.P.); (D.R.); (A.S.); (J.N.)
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - María Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Fernando Gil
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
- Microbiota-Host Interactions & Clostridia Research Group, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Iván L. Calderón
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (I.F.); (F.P.); (D.R.); (A.S.); (J.N.)
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
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7
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Sepúlveda-Pontigo A, Chávez-Villacreses K, Madrid-Muñoz C, Conejeros-Lillo S, Parra F, Melo-González F, Regaldiz A, González VPI, Méndez-Pérez I, Castillo-Godoy DP, Soto JA, Fuentes JA, Schinnerling K. Segatella copri Outer-Membrane Vesicles Are Internalized by Human Macrophages and Promote a Pro-Inflammatory Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3630. [PMID: 40332148 PMCID: PMC12027123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2025] [Revised: 03/29/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Increased abundance of Segatella copri (S. copri) within the gut microbiota is associated with systemic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Although outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria are important players in microbiota-host communication, the effect of S. copri-derived OMVs on immune cells is unknown. Macrophages engulf and eliminate foreign material and are conditioned by environmental signals to promote either homeostasis or inflammation. Thus, we aimed to explore the impact of S. copri-OMVs on human macrophages in vitro, employing THP-1 and monocyte-derived macrophage models. The uptake of DiO-labeled S. copri-OMVs into macrophages was monitored by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of S. copri and S. copri-OMVs on the phenotype and cytokine secretion of naïve (M0), pro-inflammatory (M1), and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. We show that S. copri-OMVs enter human macrophages through macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent mechanisms. S. copri-OMVs, but not the parental bacterium, induced a dose-dependent increase in the expression of M1-related surface markers in M0 and M2 macrophages and activated the secretion of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in M1 macrophages. These results highlight an important role of S. copri-OMVs in promoting pro-inflammatory macrophage responses, which might contribute to systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Sepúlveda-Pontigo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Karissa Chávez-Villacreses
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Madrid-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Sabrina Conejeros-Lillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Francisco Parra
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
- Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Alejandro Regaldiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Valentina P. I. González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Isabel Méndez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Daniela P. Castillo-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile;
| | - Katina Schinnerling
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Traslacional, Centro de Investigación de Resiliencia a Pandemias, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.S.-P.); (K.C.-V.); (C.M.-M.); (S.C.-L.); (F.M.-G.); (A.R.); (V.P.I.G.); (I.M.-P.); (D.P.C.-G.); (J.A.S.)
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8
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Ha JY, Choi SY, Kim SJ, Seog KJ, Hong SH, Lee HJ. Transcriptome Analysis of HNSCC by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Extracellular Vesicles. Oral Dis 2025; 31:1165-1177. [PMID: 39568274 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), secreted by oral bacteria in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), is largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the influence of bacterial EVs, specifically those derived from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), on the progression of HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS FaDu and UMSCC1 cell lines were treated with Aa-derived EVs, and oncogenic activities were assessed. Comprehensive cellular and RNA-sequencing transcriptome analyses were conducted to assess the impact of these EVs on cell cycle progression and gene expression. RESULTS Our findings reveal that Aa-derived EVs accelerate cell cycle progression through the S and G2 phases and enhance invasion in HNSCC cell lines. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Aa-derived EVs exert a more significant effect on general transcript expression than on microRNA profiles, except for miR-146a, which is recognized as a key factor in both carcinogenesis and immune modulation. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial EVs, particularly from periodontal pathogens like Aa, are significant modulators within the oral cancer environment, potentially affecting cellular behavior and gene expression profiles. This study highlights the complex relationship between periodontal health and oral carcinogenesis, emphasizing the significant role of bacterial EVs in HNSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeong Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suk-Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kristen Jin Seog
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Craniofacial Nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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9
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Winsor NJ, Bayer G, Singh O, Chan JK, Li LY, Lieng BY, Foerster E, Popovic A, Tsankov BK, Maughan H, Lemire P, Tam E, Streutker C, Chen L, Heaver SL, Ley RE, Parkinson J, Montenegro-Burke JR, Birchenough GMH, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. Cross-kingdom-mediated detection of intestinal protozoa through NLRP6. Cell Host Microbe 2025; 33:388-407.e9. [PMID: 40043701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2025.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
Intestinal protists are detected by the host innate immune system through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Tritrichomonas protozoa induce thickening of the colonic mucus in an NLRP6-, ASC-, and caspase-11-dependent manner, consistent with the activation of sentinel goblet cells. Mucus growth is recapitulated with cecal extracts from Tritrichomonas-infected mice but not purified protozoa, suggesting that NLRP6 may detect infection-induced microbial dysbiosis. In agreement, Tritrichomonas infection causes a shift in the microbiota with the expansion of Bacteroides and Prevotella, and untargeted metabolomics reveals a dramatic increase in several classes of metabolites, including sphingolipids. Finally, using a combination of gnotobiotic mice and ex vivo mucus analysis, we demonstrate that wild-type, but not sphingolipid-deficient, B. thetaiotaomicron is sufficient to induce NLRP6-dependent sentinel goblet cell function, with the greatest effect observed in female mice. Thus, we propose that NLRP6 is a sensor of intestinal protozoa infection through monitoring microbial sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Winsor
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giuliano Bayer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ojas Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy K Chan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lu Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brandon Y Lieng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ana Popovic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Boyan K Tsankov
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul Lemire
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elaine Tam
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lina Chen
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stacey L Heaver
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John Parkinson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George M H Birchenough
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Di Naro M, Petronio Petronio G, Mukhtar F, Cutuli MA, Magnifico I, Falcone M, Brancazio N, Guarnieri A, Di Marco R, Nicolosi D. Extracellular Vesicles in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes: Mechanisms of Inter-Kingdom Communication and Clinical Implications. Microorganisms 2025; 13:636. [PMID: 40142528 PMCID: PMC11944275 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2025] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Living organisms must adapt and communicate effectively in their environment to survive. Cells communicate through various mechanisms, including releasing growth factors, chemokines, small bioactive molecules, and cell-cell contact. In recent years, a new and sophisticated cell communication mechanism based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been described in all three domains of life: archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. EVs are small, bilayer proteolipid vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space. This review aims to analyze and compare the current literature on bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic EVs and their possible clinical applications. This framework will address three key points: (a) The role of EVs in bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea. (b) What is the impact of EVs in archaea on disease?
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Naro
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Molise, Italy
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Molise, Italy
| | - Farwa Mukhtar
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Molise, Italy
| | | | - Irene Magnifico
- Aileens Pharma S.r.l., 20834 Nova Milanese, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| | - Marilina Falcone
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Molise, Italy
| | - Natasha Brancazio
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Molise, Italy
| | - Antonio Guarnieri
- Department of Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Molise, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy
| | - Daria Nicolosi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Sicily, Italy
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11
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Rima M, Dakramanji M, El Hayek E, El Khoury T, Fajloun Z, Rima M. Unveiling the wonders of bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles: From fundamental functions to beneficial applications. Heliyon 2025; 11:e42509. [PMID: 40028522 PMCID: PMC11869109 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are critical mediators of intercellular communication and exhibit significant potential across various biomedical domains. These nano-sized, membrane-encapsulated entities have captured substantial interest due to their diverse roles in pathogenesis and promising therapeutic applications. EVs manage numerous physiological processes by transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, between cells. This review delves into the factors influencing the properties of EVs, such as temperature and stress conditions, which collectively influence their size, composition, and functional attributes. We also describe the emerging roles of EVs, emphasizing their involvement in microbial interactions, immune modulation, antimicrobial resistance spread and their potential as innovative diagnostic and therapeutic instruments. Despite their promising applications, the advancement of EV-based therapies faces several challenges, which will also be discussed. By elucidating these critical elements, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the transformative potential of EVs in revolutionizing diagnostics and therapeutics in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rima
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, 1300, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Dakramanji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elie El Hayek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tia El Khoury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, 1300, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, 1352, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
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12
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Cruz CG, Sodawalla HM, Mohanakumar T, Bansal S. Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Infectious Diseases. BIOLOGY 2025; 14:182. [PMID: 40001950 PMCID: PMC11851951 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles that are secreted by all cells into the extracellular space. EVs are involved in cell-to-cell communication and can be found in different bodily fluids (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, and urine), tissues, and in circulation; the composition of EVs reflects the physiological condition of the releasing cell. The ability to use EVs from bodily fluids for minimally invasive detection to monitor diseases makes them an attractive target. EVs carry a snapshot of the releasing cell's internal state, and they can serve as powerful biomarkers for diagnosing diseases. EVs also play a role in the body's immune and pathogen detection responses. Pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, can exploit EVs to enhance their survival and spread and to evade detection by the immune system. Changes in the number or contents of EVs can signal the presence of an infection, offering a potential avenue for developing new diagnostic methods for infectious diseases. Ongoing research in this area aims to address current challenges and the potential of EVs as biomarkers in diagnosing a range of diseases, including infections and infectious diseases. There is limited literature on the development of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers for infectious diseases using existing molecular biology approaches. We aim to address this gap by reviewing recent EV-related investigations in infectious disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Gonzalez Cruz
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA;
| | - Husain M. Sodawalla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
| | | | - Sandhya Bansal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA;
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13
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Zhao X, Wei Y, Bu Y, Ren X, Dong Z. Review on bacterial outer membrane vesicles: structure, vesicle formation, separation and biotechnological applications. Microb Cell Fact 2025; 24:27. [PMID: 39833809 PMCID: PMC11749425 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-025-02653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), shed by Gram-negative bacteria, are spherical nanostructures that play a pivotal role in bacterial communication and host-pathogen interactions. Comprising an outer membrane envelope and encapsulating a variety of bioactive molecules from their progenitor bacteria, OMVs facilitate material and informational exchange. This review delves into the recent advancements in OMV research, providing a comprehensive overview of their structure, biogenesis, and mechanisms of vesicle formation. It also explores their role in pathogenicity and the techniques for their enrichment and isolation. Furthermore, the review highlights the burgeoning applications of OMVs in the field of biomedicine, emphasizing their potential as diagnostic tools, vaccine candidates, and drug delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yusen Wei
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuqing Bu
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaokai Ren
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhanjun Dong
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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14
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Guo J, Huang Z, Wang Q, Wang M, Ming Y, Chen W, Huang Y, Tang Z, Huang M, Liu H, Jia B. Opportunities and challenges of bacterial extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2025; 23:4. [PMID: 39754127 PMCID: PMC11697683 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles that are shed or secreted from the cell membrane and enveloped by a lipid bilayer. They possess stability, low immunogenicity, and non-cytotoxicity, exhibiting extensive prospects in regenerative medicine (RM). However, natural EVs pose challenges, such as insufficient targeting capabilities, potential biosafety concerns, and limited acquisition pathways. Although engineered EVs demonstrate excellent therapeutic efficacy, challenges such as low production yield and the complexity of engineering modifications constrain their further clinical applications. Bacteria have advantages such as rapid proliferation, diverse gene editing methods, mature cultivation techniques, and relatively easy preparation of bacterial EVs (BEVs), which can be used to effectively address the challenges currently encountered in the field of EVs. This review provides a description of the biogenesis and pathophysiological functions of BEVs, and strategies for optimizing BEVs preparation to attain efficiency and safety are discussed. An analysis of natural characteristics of BEVs is also conducted to explore how to leverage their advantages or mitigate their limitations, thereby overcoming constraints on the application of BEVs in RM. In summary, engineered BEVs possess characteristics such as high production yield, excellent stability, and high drug-delivering capabilities, laying the foundation for their application in RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Guo
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinjing Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Readnour BM, Tjia-Fleck S, McCann NR, Ayinuola YA, Castellino FJ. High-resolution cryo-EM analysis of a Streptococcus pyogenes M-protein/human plasminogen complex. Structure 2024; 32:2231-2243.e4. [PMID: 39500317 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/08/2024]
Abstract
The importance of human plasminogen (hPg)/plasmin (hPm)/cell receptor complexes in invasiveness of cells has been amply established. The objective of this investigation was to determine a high-resolution structure of a major Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacterial receptor (PAM) for hPg/hPm when bound on a cell surface to its major ligand, hPg. As a model cell surface with endogenous PAM, we employed engineered PAM-expressing lentivirus (LV) particles. We show that the ectodomain of a PAM-type M-Protein (M-Prt), in complex with hPg, is folded through distinct intra- and inter-domain interactions to a more compact form on the cell surface, thus establishing a new paradigm for membrane-bound M-Prt/ligand structures. These studies provide a framework for addressing the need for treatments of GAS disease by providing a molecular platform to solve structures of virulence-determining membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Readnour
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sheiny Tjia-Fleck
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Nathan R McCann
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yetunde A Ayinuola
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Francis J Castellino
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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16
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Velimirov B, Velimirov BA. Immune Responses Elicited by Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Important Players in Vaccine Development. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1584. [PMID: 39768292 PMCID: PMC11678573 DOI: 10.3390/life14121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The attractiveness of OMVs derived from Gram-negative bacteria lies in the fact that they have two biomembranes sandwiching a peptidoglycan layer. It is well known that the envelope of OMVs consists of the outer bacterial membrane [OM] and not of the inner one [IM] of the source bacterium. This implies that all outer membranous molecules found in the OM act as antigens. However, under specific conditions, some of the inner membrane proteins can be exported into the outer membrane layer and perform as antigens. A key information was that the used purification procedures for OMVs, the induction methods to increase the production of OMVs as well as the specific mutant strains obtained via genetic engineering affect the composition of potential antigens on the surface and in the lumen of the OMVs. The available literature allowed us to list the major antigens that could be defined on OMVs. The functions of the antigens within the source bacterium are discussed for a better understanding of the various available hypotheses on the biogenesis of vesicle formation. Also, the impacts of OMV antigens on the immune system using animal models are assessed. Furthermore, information on the pathways of OMVs entering the host cell is presented. An example of a bacterial infection that causes epidemic diseases, namely via Neisseria meningitidis, is used to demonstrate that OMVs derived from this pathogen elicit protective immune responses when administered as a vaccine. Furthermore, information on OMV vaccines under development is presented. The assembled knowledge allowed us to formulate a number of reasons why OMVs are attractive as vaccine platforms, as their undesirable side effects remain small, and to provide an outlook on the potential use of OMVs as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Velimirov
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Private Sigmund Freud University, Freudplatz 3, 1020 Wien, Austria;
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17
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Zhang L, Zhang D, Liu C, Tang B, Cui Y, Guo D, Duan M, Tu Y, Zheng H, Ning X, Liu Y, Chen H, Huang M, Niu Z, Zhao Y, Liu X, Xie J. Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived From Fusobacterium nucleatum Trigger Periodontitis Through Host Overimmunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400882. [PMID: 39475060 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
The virulent bacteria-induced host immune response dominates the occurrence and progression of periodontal diseases because of the roles of individual virulence factors from these pathogens in the initiation and spread of inflammation. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a pathogenic entity have recently attracted great attention as messenger bridges between bacteria and host tissues. Herein, the novel role of OMVs derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum in the occurrence of periodontitis is dissected. In a rat periodontitis model, it is found that OMVs derived from F. nucleatum caused deterioration of periodontitis by enhancing inflammation of the periodontium and absorption of alveolar bone, which is almost equivalent to the effect of F. nucleatum itself. Furthermore, that OMVs can independently induce periodontitis is shown. The pathogenicity of OMVs is attributed to multiple pathogenic components identified by omics. After entering human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) by endocytosis, OMVs activated NLRP3 inflammasomes and impaired the mineralization of hPDLSCs through NF-κB (p65) signaling, leading to the final injury of the periodontium and damage of alveolar bone in periodontitis. These results provide a new understanding of OMVs derived from pathogens and cues for the prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Boyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Daimo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ying Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xinjie Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Minglei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhixing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, USA
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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18
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Wang K, Cunha E Rocha K, Qin H, Zeng Z, Ying W. Host metabolic inflammation fueled by bacterial DNA. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00294-7. [PMID: 39609222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, exhibit a compromised gut barrier allowing the translocation of bacteria-derived products to bloodstream and distant metabolic organs. Bacterial DNA can be detected in metabolic tissues during the onset of these diseases, highlighting its role in the development of metabolic diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the delivery of bacterial DNA to the local tissues, and its sensing by the host triggers local and system inflammation. Understanding bacterial DNA translocation and its induced inflammation is crucial in deciphering metabolic disease pathways. Here, we delve into the mechanisms dictating the interaction between host physiology and bacterial DNA, focusing on its origin and delivery, host immune responses against it, and its roles in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karina Cunha E Rocha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Houji Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zixuan Zeng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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19
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Bonilla M, Martín-Morales N, Gálvez-Rueda R, Raya-Álvarez E, Mesa F. Impact of Protein Citrullination by Periodontal Pathobionts on Oral and Systemic Health: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. J Clin Med 2024; 13:6831. [PMID: 39597974 PMCID: PMC11594594 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13226831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This review synthesizes the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in modulating immune responses through citrullination and assesses its impact on periodontitis and systemic conditions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on preclinical and clinical studies focusing on P. gingivalis- and A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced citrullination and its effects on immune responses, particularly inflammatory pathways, and systemic diseases. The search included PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and gray literature. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using OHAT Rob Toll and QUIN-Tool. The review is registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024579352). Results: 18 articles published up to August 2024 were included. Findings show that P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans citrullination modulates immune responses, leading to neutrophil dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Key mechanisms include citrullination of antimicrobial peptides, CXCL10, histone H3, α-enolase, and C5a, impairing neutrophil activation and promoting NET formation. Conclusions: This review suggests that P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans citrullination modulates immune responses and may influence periodontitis and systemic conditions like RA. Beyond ACPA production, these pathogens affect key proteins such as H3, C5a, and CXCL10, as well as antimicrobial peptides, NET formation, and phagocytosis. These interactions lead to neutrophil dysfunction and potentially affect other cells, subsequently disrupting local and systemic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonilla
- Higher Technician in Clinical and Biomedical Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Martín-Morales
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS Institute), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Raya-Álvarez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Rheumatology, San Cecilio University Clinical Hospital, 18006 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Mesa
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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20
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González MJ, Navarro N, Cruz E, Sánchez S, Morales JO, Zunino P, Robino L, Lima A, Scavone P. First report on the physicochemical and proteomic characterization of Proteus mirabilis outer membrane vesicles under urine-mimicking growth conditions: comparative analysis with Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1493859. [PMID: 39568990 PMCID: PMC11578119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1493859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uropathogenic bacteria employ multiple strategies to colonize the urinary tract, including biofilm formation, invasion of urothelial cells, and the production of adhesins, toxins, and siderophores. Among the most prevalent pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) are Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. A notable feature of Gram-negative bacteria is their ability to produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which play critical roles in bacterial survival, virulence, and host-pathogen interactions, including UTIs. Methods In this study, OMVs were isolated and characterized from two clinical strains, E. coli U144 and P. mirabilis 2,921, cultured in both Luria-Bertani broth and artificial urine. Result and discussion The OMVs ranged in size from 85 to 260 nm, with the largest vesicles observed in artificial urine. Proteomic analysis allowed the identification of 282 proteins in OMVs from E. coli and 353 proteins from P. mirabilis when cultured LB medium, while 215 were identified from E. coli and 103 from P. mirabilis when cultured in artificial urine. The majority of these proteins originated from the bacterial envelope, while others were linked to motility and adhesion. Notably, the protein composition of OMVs varied depending on the growth medium, and proteins associated with zinc and iron uptake being more prominent in artificial urine, suggesting their importance in the urinary environment. Crucially, this is the first report to characterize P. mirabilis OMVs under different culture conditions, offering novel insights into the role of OMVs in UTI pathogenesis. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which OMVs contribute to bacterial virulence, establishing the foundation for potential therapeutic interventions targeting OMV-mediated processes in UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José González
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Navarro
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Erlen Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Sánchez
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center of New Drugs for Hypertension and Heart Failure (CENDHY), Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier O Morales
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Center of New Drugs for Hypertension and Heart Failure (CENDHY), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luciana Robino
- Unidad Académica de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analía Lima
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo & Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paola Scavone
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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21
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Singh A, Wu M, Ye TT, Brown AC, Wittenberg NJ. Engineering Planar Gram-Negative Outer Membrane Mimics Using Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:23289-23300. [PMID: 39453730 PMCID: PMC11542184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/27/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in modern medicine. The unique double membrane structure of Gram-negative bacteria limits the efficacy of many existing antibiotics and adds complexity to antibiotic development by limiting transport of antibiotics to the bacterial cytosol. New methods to mimic this barrier would enable high-throughput studies for antibiotic development. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach to modify outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, to generate planar supported lipid bilayer membranes. Our method first involves the incorporation of synthetic lipids into OMVs using a rapid freeze-thaw technique to form outer membrane hybrid vesicles (OM-Hybrids). Subsequently, these OM-Hybrids can spontaneously rupture when in contact with SiO2 surfaces to form a planar outer membrane supported bilayer (OM-SB). We assessed the formation of OM-Hybrids using dynamic light scattering and a fluorescence quenching assay. To analyze the formation of OM-SBs from OM-Hybrids we used quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Additionally, we conducted assays to detect surface-associated DNA and proteins on OM-SBs. The interaction of an antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B, with the OM-SBs was also assessed. These findings emphasize the capability of our platform to produce planar surfaces of bacterial outer membranes, which in turn, could function as a valuable tool for streamlining the development of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarshi
N. Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Meishan Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Tiffany T. Ye
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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22
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Szczerbiec D, Glińska S, Kamińska J, Drzewiecka D. Outer Membrane Vesicles Formed by Clinical Proteus mirabilis Strains May Be Incorporated into the Outer Membrane of Other P. mirabilis Cells and Demonstrate Lytic Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:4836. [PMID: 39459204 PMCID: PMC11509992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29204836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are extracellular structures, ranging in size from 10 to 300 nm, produced by Gram-negative bacteria. They can be incorporated into the outer membrane of a recipient's cells, which may enable the transfer of substances with lytic properties. Due to the scarce information regarding the OMVs produced by Proteus mirabilis, the aim of this study was to test the blebbing abilities of the clinical P. mirabilis O77 and O78 strains and to determine the blebs' interactions with bacterial cells, including their possible bactericidal activities. The production of OMVs was visualised by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of OMVs in the obtained samples as well as the phenomenon of OMV fusion to recipient cells were confirmed by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western blotting assays. The bacteriolytic activity of the OMVs was examined against P. mirabilis clinical strains and reference Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. It was shown that each of the two tested P. mirabilis strains could produce OMVs which were able to fuse into the cells of the other strain. The lytic properties of the O78 OMVs against another P. mirabilis O78 strain were also demonstrated. This promising result may help in the future to better understand the mechanisms of the pathogenesis and to treat the infections caused by P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Szczerbiec
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (D.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Sława Glińska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Justyna Kamińska
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (D.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Dominika Drzewiecka
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (D.S.); (J.K.)
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23
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Easter QT, Alvarado-Martinez Z, Kunz M, Matuck BF, Rupp BT, Weaver T, Ren Z, Tata A, Caballero-Perez J, Oscarson N, Hasuike A, Ghodke AN, Kimple AJ, Tata PR, Randell SH, Koo H, Ko KI, Byrd KM. Polybacterial Intracellular Macromolecules Shape Single-Cell Epikine Profiles in Upper Airway Mucosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.10.08.617279. [PMID: 39416216 PMCID: PMC11482982 DOI: 10.1101/2024.10.08.617279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
The upper airway, particularly the nasal and oral mucosal epithelium, serves as a primary barrier for microbial interactions throughout life. Specialized niches like the anterior nares and the tooth are especially susceptible to dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory diseases. To investigate host-microbial interactions in mucosal epithelial cell types, we reanalyzed our single-cell RNA sequencing atlas of human oral mucosa, identifying polybacterial signatures (20% Gram-positive, 80% Gram-negative) within both epithelial- and stromal-resident cells. This analysis revealed unique responses of bacterial-associated epithelia when compared to two inflammatory disease states of mucosa. Single-cell RNA sequencing, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry detected numerous persistent macromolecules from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within human oral keratinocytes (HOKs), including bacterial rRNA, mRNA and glycolipids. Epithelial cells with higher concentrations of 16S rRNA and glycolipids exhibited enhanced receptor-ligand signaling in vivo. HOKs with a spectrum of polybacterial intracellular macromolecular (PIM) concentrations were challenged with purified exogenous lipopolysaccharide, resulting in the synergistic upregulation of select innate (CXCL8, TNFSF15) and adaptive (CXCL17, CCL28) epikines. Notably, endogenous lipoteichoic acid, rather than lipopolysaccharide, directly correlated with epikine expression in vitro and in vivo. Application of the Drug2Cell algorithm to health and inflammatory disease data suggested altered drug efficacy predictions based on PIM detection. Our findings demonstrate that PIMs persist within mucosal epithelial cells at variable concentrations, linearly driving single-cell effector cytokine expression and influencing drug responses, underscoring the importance of understanding host-microbe interactions and the implications of PIMs on cell behavior in health and disease at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Easter
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Zabdiel Alvarado-Martinez
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Meik Kunz
- The Bioinformatics CRO, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Bruno Fernandes Matuck
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Brittany T Rupp
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Weaver
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Nick Oscarson
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Akira Hasuike
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JP
| | - Ameer N Ghodke
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam J Kimple
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Purushothama R Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kang I Ko
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin M Byrd
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- UNC Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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24
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Verma A, Azhar G, Patyal P, Zhang W, Zhang X, Wei JY. Proteomic analysis of P. gingivalis-Lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation in SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells. GeroScience 2024; 46:4315-4332. [PMID: 38507186 PMCID: PMC11336124 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis and its keystone pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, have increasingly been linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, P.gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated release of neuroinflammatory proteins contributes to AD remains underexplored. In this study, we utilized data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to characterize P.gingivalis-LPS induced profile of differentially expressed proteins associated with the neuroinflammatory response in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and human microglial (HMC3) cells. We reported a set of 124 proteins in SH-SY5Y cells and 96 proteins in HMC3 cells whose levels were significantly upregulated or downregulated by exposure to P. gingivalis-LPS. Our findings demonstrate that P. gingivalis-LPS contributed to the elevated expressions of dementia biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines that include APP, Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, T-Tau, p-Tau, VEGF, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α through 2 distinct pathways of extracellular sensing by cell surface receptors and intracellular cytosolic receptors. Interestingly, intracellular signaling proteins activated with P. gingivalis-LPS transfection using Lipofectamine™ 2000 had significantly higher fold change protein expression compared to the extracellular signaling with P. gingivalis-LPS treatment. Additionally, we also explored P. gingivalis-LPS mediated activation of caspase-4 dependent non canonical inflammasome pathway in both SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells. In summary, P. gingivalis-LPS induced neuroinflammatory protein expression in SH-SY5Y and HMC3 cells, provided insights into the specific inflammatory pathways underlying the potential link between P. gingivalis-LPS infection and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Verma
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute On Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Gohar Azhar
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute On Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Pankaj Patyal
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute On Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute On Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute On Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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25
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Feix AS, Tabaie EZ, Singh AN, Wittenberg NJ, Wilson EH, Joachim A. An in-depth exploration of the multifaceted roles of EVs in the context of pathogenic single-cell microorganisms. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0003724. [PMID: 38869292 PMCID: PMC11426017 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00037-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized throughout scientific communities as potential vehicles of intercellular communication in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both parent and recipient cells. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted roles of EVs in the context of bacteria and protozoan parasite EVs, shedding light on their contributions to physiological processes and disease pathogenesis. These studies highlight EVs as a conserved mechanism of cellular communication, which may lead us to important breakthroughs in our understanding of infection, mechanisms of pathogenesis, and as indicators of disease. Furthermore, EVs are involved in host-microbe interactions, offering insights into the strategies employed by bacteria and protozoan parasites to modulate host responses, evade the immune system, and establish infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophia Feix
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emily Z. Tabaie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Aarshi N. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Emma H. Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anja Joachim
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Kew C, Prieto-Garcia C, Bhattacharya A, Tietgen M, MacNair CR, Carfrae LA, Mello-Vieira J, Klatt S, Cheng YL, Rathore R, Gradhand E, Fleming I, Tan MW, Göttig S, Kempf VAJ, Dikic I. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and FOS mediate cytotoxicity induced by Acinetobacter baumannii. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7939. [PMID: 39261458 PMCID: PMC11390868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogenic and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe nosocomial infections. To better understand the mechanism of pathogenesis, we compare the proteomes of uninfected and infected human cells, revealing that transcription factor FOS is the host protein most strongly induced by A. baumannii infection. Pharmacological inhibition of FOS reduces the cytotoxicity of A. baumannii in cell-based models, and similar results are also observed in a mouse infection model. A. baumannii outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are shown to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) of host cells by inducing the host enzyme tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), producing the ligand kynurenine, which binds AHR. Following ligand binding, AHR is a direct transcriptional activator of the FOS gene. We propose that A. baumannii infection impacts the host tryptophan metabolism and promotes AHR- and FOS-mediated cytotoxicity of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kew
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cristian Prieto-Garcia
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anshu Bhattacharya
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuela Tietgen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Center of Competence for Infection Control of the State of Hesse, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Craig R MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey A Carfrae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - João Mello-Vieira
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Department of Molecular Medicine, CPI, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yi-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rajeshwari Rathore
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elise Gradhand
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Department of Molecular Medicine, CPI, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Gasser MT, Liu A, Altamia M, Brensinger BR, Brewer SL, Flatau R, Hancock ER, Preheim SP, Filone CM, Distel DL. Membrane vesicles can contribute to cellulose degradation by Teredinibacter turnerae, a cultivable intracellular endosymbiont of shipworms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587001. [PMID: 38585906 PMCID: PMC10996688 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Teredinibacter turnerae is a cultivable cellulolytic Gammaproteobacterium (Cellvibrionaceae) that commonly occurs as an intracellular endosymbiont in the gills of wood-eating bivalves of the family Teredinidae (shipworms). The genome of T. turnerae encodes a broad range of enzymes that deconstruct cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin and contribute to wood (lignocellulose) digestion in the shipworm gut. However, the mechanisms by which T. turnerae secretes lignocellulolytic enzymes are incompletely understood. Here, we show that T. turnerae cultures grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produce membrane vesicles (MVs) that include a variety of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) with predicted activities against cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Reducing sugar assays and zymography confirm that these MVs exhibit cellulolytic activity, as evidenced by the hydrolysis of CMC. Additionally, these MVs were enriched with TonB-dependent receptors, which are essential to carbohydrate and iron acquisition by free-living bacteria. These observations indicate a potential role for MVs in lignocellulose utilization by T. turnerae in the free-living state, suggest possible mechanisms for host-symbiont interaction, and may be informative for commercial applications such as enzyme production and lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Gasser
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Annie Liu
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Marvin Altamia
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA 01908
| | - Bryan R. Brensinger
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Sarah L. Brewer
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Ron Flatau
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA 01908
| | - Eric R. Hancock
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | | | - Claire Marie Filone
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Dan L. Distel
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA 01908
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Dhurve G, Behera SR, Kodetham G, Siddavattam D. Outer membrane vesicles of Acinetobacter baumannii DS002 carry circular DNA similar to bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs) and SPHINX 2.36 and probably play a role in interdomain lateral gene transfer. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0081724. [PMID: 39101807 PMCID: PMC11370262 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00817-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Replication Competent Circular DNA molecules in mammalian cells and tissues is being linked to debilitating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and colorectal cancer (CRC). These circular DNA molecules, otherwise known as bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs) and Slow Progressive Hidden INfections of variable (X) latency (SPHINX), bear significant (80%) sequence similarity with the plasmids of Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Nanostructures, such as bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) serve as vehicles for transporting biomolecular cargo and have the potential to facilitate interkingdom lateral mobility of DNA. Strengthening the proposed hypothesis, this study demonstrates that OMVs derived from A. baumannii DS002 carrying four plasmids and genome (pTS236) of phage, AbDs1, successfully reached different parts of the body, including the central nervous system, following the injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled OMVs into experimental mice. Out of the four OMV-associated plasmids, three (pTS4586, pTS9900, and pTS134338) were identified within the lumen, and the fourth one (pTS11291) was found on the surface of OMVs. In addition to the indigenous plasmids, the phage-encoded protein, Orf96, anchored on the surface of the OMVs by establishing a strong interaction with the OMV-associated porin, OmpA. Intriguingly, a subset of labeled OMVs, when incubated with Neuro2A cells, translocated across the membrane and reached to the cytoplasmic space of the cells. Collectively, the experimental evidence presented herein underscores the promising potential of OMVs as vehicles for delivering molecular cargo containing plasmids and phage genomes to diverse mammalian tissues and cells. IMPORTANCE Several independent studies have demonstrated the existence of replication competent circular DNA molecules of bacterial and viral origin in mammalian cells and tissues. However, studies about their origin and lateral mobility to mammalian cells are scarce. Our work describes the existence of circular DNA, similar to that of DNA molecules identified in mammalian cells, OMVs derived from soil isolate of A. baumannii DS002. Furthermore, the work also provides visual evidence that demonstrates the passage of labeled OMVs to different organs of experimental mice within hours after intravenously administering OMVs into experimental mice. Some of the labeled OMVs have even crossed the membrane of Neuro2A, suggesting the existence of interkingdom horizontal mobility between bacteria and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshwari Dhurve
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandhya Rani Behera
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gopinath Kodetham
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dayananda Siddavattam
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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29
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Snelson M, Vanuytsel T, Marques FZ. Breaking the Barrier: The Role of Gut Epithelial Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:369-380. [PMID: 38662328 PMCID: PMC11324679 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To review what intestinal permeability is and how it is measured, and to summarise the current evidence linking altered intestinal permeability with the development of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Increased gastrointestinal permeability, directly measured in vivo, has been demonstrated in experimental and genetic animal models of hypertension. This is consistent with the passage of microbial substances to the systemic circulation and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Evidence for increased gut permeability in human hypertension has been reliant of a handful of blood biomarkers, with no studies directly measuring gut permeability in hypertensive cohorts. There is emerging literature that some of these putative biomarkers may not accurately reflect permeability of the gastrointestinal tract. Data from animal models of hypertension support they have increased gut permeability; however, there is a dearth of conclusive evidence in humans. Future studies are needed that directly measure intestinal permeability in people with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Snelson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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30
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Bi H, Qin J, Huang J, Zhong C, Liu Y. Outer membrane vesicles from X-ray-irradiated Pseudomonas aeruginosa alleviate lung injury caused by P. aeruginosa infection-mediated sepsis. APMIS 2024; 132:646-656. [PMID: 38837446 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection causes pneumonia and sepsis. Previous research found that X-ray radiation can induce P. aeruginosa to release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of relatively consistent sizes. This study found that OMVs derived from X-ray-irradiated P. aeruginosa can significantly inhibit lung leakage, inflammatory cell infiltrating into lung, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNFα caused by P. aeruginosa infection under preventive and therapeutic administration conditions. Under the same conditions, OMVs also significantly alleviated pathological characteristics of lung injury, including pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, and alveolar wall thickening. OMVs also significantly reduced bacterial burdens in peritoneal cavity, accompanied by a reduction in the number of viable bacteria capable of forming bacterial colonies. Pretreating macrophages and neutrophils with OMVs enhances their bactericidal ability. When bacteria were cocultured with treated cells, the number of viable bacteria capable of forming bacterial colonies was significantly reduced. OMVs themselves have not been shown to cause any lung injury or affect bacterial viability. Therefore, OMVs derived from X-ray-irradiated P. aeruginosa may not only be applied in prevention and treatment of diseases associated with P. aeruginosa infection, but also served as an excellent vaccine development platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Bi
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Qin
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cejun Zhong
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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31
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Prince A, Tiwari A, Mandal T, Koiri D, Meher G, Sinha DK, Saleem M. Lipid Specificity of the Fusion of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles with the Host Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:8116-8130. [PMID: 38981091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) facilitate the long-distance delivery of virulence factors crucial for pathogenicity. The entry and trafficking mechanisms of virulence factors inside host cells are recently emerging; however, whether bacterial MVs can fuse and modulate the physicochemical properties of the host lipid membrane and membrane lipid parameter for fusion remains unknown. In this study, we reconstituted the interaction of bacterial MVs with host cell lipid membranes and quantitatively showed that bacterial MV interaction increases the fluidity, dipole potential, and compressibility of a biologically relevant multicomponent host membrane upon fusion. The presence of cylindrical lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, and a moderate acyl chain length of C16 help the MV interaction. While significant binding of bacterial MVs to the raft-like lipid membranes with phase-separated regions of the membrane was observed, however, MVs prefer binding to the liquid-disordered regions of the membrane. Furthermore, the elevated levels of cholesterol tend to hinder the interaction of bacterial MVs, as evident from the favorable excess Gibbs free energy of mixing bacterial MVs with host lipid membranes. The findings provide new insights that might have implications for the regulation of host machinery by bacterial pathogens through manipulation of the host membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Prince
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Anuj Tiwari
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Titas Mandal
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Debraj Koiri
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Geetanjali Meher
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sinha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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32
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Singh AN, Wu M, Ye TT, Brown AC, Wittenberg NJ. Engineering Planar Gram-Negative Outer Membrane Mimics Using Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.11.570829. [PMID: 39229024 PMCID: PMC11370475 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.570829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in modern medicine. The unique double membrane structure of gram-negative bacteria limits the efficacy of many existing antibiotics and adds complexity to antibiotic development by limiting transport of antibiotics to the bacterial cytosol. New methods to mimic this barrier would enable high-throughput studies for antibiotic development. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach to modify outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, to generate planar supported lipid bilayer membranes. Our method first involves the incorporation of synthetic lipids into OMVs using a rapid freeze-thaw technique to form outer membrane hybrid vesicles (OM-Hybrids). Subsequently, these OM-Hybrids can spontaneously rupture when in contact with SiO2 surfaces to form a planar outer membrane supported bilayer (OM-SB). We assessed the formation of OM-Hybrids using dynamic light scattering and a fluorescence quenching assay. To analyze the formation of OM-SBs from OM-Hybrids we used quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Additionally, we conducted assays to detect surface-associated DNA and proteins on OM-SBs. The interaction of an antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B, with the OM-SBs was also assessed. These findings emphasize the capability of our platform to produce planar surfaces of bacterial outer membranes, which in turn, could function as a valuable tool for streamlining the development of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarshi N. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Meishan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany T. Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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Li Y, Wang Y, Lin X, Sun S, Wu A, Ge Y, Yuan M, Wang J, Deng X, Tian Y. Algicidal bacteria-derived membrane vesicles as shuttles mediating cross-kingdom interactions between bacteria and algae. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn4526. [PMID: 39110793 PMCID: PMC11305373 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are crucial biological vehicles for facilitating interspecies and interkingdom interactions. However, the extent and mechanisms of BMV involvement in bacterial-algal communication remain elusive. This study provides evidence of BMVs delivering cargos to targeted microalgae. Membrane vesicles (MVs) from Chitinimonas prasina LY03 demonstrated an algicidal profile similar to strain LY03. Further investigation revealed Tambjamine LY2, an effective algicidal compound, selectively packaged into LY03-MVs. Microscopic imaging demonstrated efficient delivery of Tambjamine LY2 to microalgae Heterosigma akashiwo and Thalassiosira pseudonana through membrane fusion. In addition, the study demonstrated the versatile cargo delivery capabilities of BMVs to algae, including the transfer of MV-carried nucleic acids into algal cells and the revival of growth in iron-depleted microalgae by MVs. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which algicidal bacteria store hydrophobic algicidal compounds in MVs to trigger target microalgae death and highlight BMV potency in understanding and engineering bacterial-algae cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuezhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaolan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shuqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Anan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yintong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Menghui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Margutti P, D’Ambrosio A, Zamboni S. Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicle as Emerging Actors in Host Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8722. [PMID: 39201409 PMCID: PMC11354844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is an intricate micro-ecosystem comprising a diverse range of dynamic microbial populations mainly consisting of bacteria, whose interactions with hosts strongly affect several physiological and pathological processes. The gut microbiota is being increasingly recognized as a critical player in maintaining homeostasis, contributing to the main functions of the intestine and distal organs such as the brain. However, gut dysbiosis, characterized by composition and function alterations of microbiota with intestinal barrier dysfunction has been linked to the development and progression of several pathologies, including intestinal inflammatory diseases, systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, oral microbiota research has gained significant interest in recent years due to its potential impact on overall health. Emerging evidence on the role of microbiota-host interactions in health and disease has triggered a marked interest on the functional role of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as mediators of inter-kingdom communication. Accumulating evidence reveals that BEVs mediate host interactions by transporting and delivering into host cells effector molecules that modulate host signaling pathways and cell processes, influencing health and disease. This review discusses the critical role of BEVs from the gut, lung, skin and oral cavity in the epithelium, immune system, and CNS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Margutti
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (S.Z.)
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35
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Zhang H, Lin Y, Li S, Bi J, Zeng J, Mo C, Xu S, Jia B, Lu Y, Liu C, Liu Z. Effects of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from oral and gastrointestinal pathogens on systemic diseases. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127788. [PMID: 38833831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral microbiota and gastrointestinal microbiota, the two largest microbiomes in the human body, are closely correlated and frequently interact through the oral-gut axis. Recent research has focused on the roles of these microbiomes in human health and diseases. Under normal conditions, probiotics and commensal bacteria can positively impact health. However, altered physiological states may induce dysbiosis, increasing the risk of pathogen colonization. Studies suggest that oral and gastrointestinal pathogens contribute not only to localized diseases at their respective colonized sites but also to the progression of systemic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria at these local sites are involved in systemic diseases remain elusive. In response to this gap, the focus has shifted to bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which act as mediators of communication between the microbiota and the host. Numerous studies have reported the targeted delivery of bacterial pathogenic substances from the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract to distant organs via BEVs. These pathogenic components subsequently elicit specific cellular responses in target organs, thereby mediating the progression of systemic diseases. This review aims to elucidate the extensive microbial communication via the oral-gut axis, summarize the types and biogenesis mechanisms of BEVs, and highlight the translocation pathways of oral and gastrointestinal BEVs in vivo, as well as the impacts of pathogens-derived BEVs on systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunhe Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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36
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Sandanusova M, Turkova K, Pechackova E, Kotoucek J, Roudnicky P, Sindelar M, Kubala L, Ambrozova G. Growth phase matters: Boosting immunity via Lacticasebacillus-derived membrane vesicles and their interactions with TLR2 pathways. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e169. [PMID: 39185335 PMCID: PMC11341917 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Lipid bi-layered particles known as membrane vesicles (MVs), produced by Gram-positive bacteria are a communication tool throughout the entire bacterial growth. However, the MVs characteristics may vary across all stages of maternal culture growth, leading to inconsistencies in MVs research. This, in turn, hinders their employment as nanocarriers, vaccines and other medical applications. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize MVs derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CCM7091 isolated at different growth stages: early exponential (6 h, MV6), late exponential (12 h, MV12) and late stationary phase (48 h, MV48). We observed significant differences in protein content between MV6 and MV48 (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD041580), likely contributing to their different immunomodulatory capacities. In vitro analysis demonstrated that MV48 uptake rate by epithelial Caco-2 cells is significantly higher and they stimulate an immune response in murine macrophages RAW 264.7 (elevated production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, NO). This correlated with increased expression of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and enhanced TLR2 signalling in MV48, suggesting that LTA contributes to the immunomodulation. In conclusion, we showed that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CCM7091-derived MVs from the late stationary phase boost the immune response the most effectively, which pre-destines them for therapeutical application as nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sandanusova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Biophysics of Immune SystemInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kristyna Turkova
- Department of Biophysics of Immune SystemInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Eva Pechackova
- Faculty of Science, Department of BiochemistryMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jan Kotoucek
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Roudnicky
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Martin Sindelar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Biophysics of Immune SystemInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ambrozova
- Department of Biophysics of Immune SystemInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
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37
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Huang S, Lin J, Han X. Extracellular vesicles-Potential link between periodontal disease and diabetic complications. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:225-239. [PMID: 38227219 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
It has long been suggested that a bidirectional impact exists between periodontitis and diabetes. Periodontitis may affect diabetes glycemic control, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications. Diabetes can worsen periodontitis by delaying wound healing and increasing the chance of infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous particles of membrane-enclosed spherical structure secreted by eukaryotes and prokaryotes and play a key role in a variety of diseases. This review will introduce the biogenesis, release, and biological function of EVs from a microbial and host cell perspective, discuss the functional properties of EVs in the development of periodontitis and diabetes, and explore their role in the pathogenesis and clinical application of these two diseases. Their clinical implication and diagnostic value are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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38
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Ho MY, Liu S, Xing B. Bacteria extracellular vesicle as nanopharmaceuticals for versatile biomedical potential. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:28. [PMID: 38990415 PMCID: PMC11239649 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria extracellular vesicles (BEVs), characterized as the lipid bilayer membrane-surrounded nanoparticles filled with molecular cargo from parent cells, play fundamental roles in the bacteria growth and pathogenesis, as well as facilitating essential interaction between bacteria and host systems. Notably, benefiting from their unique biological functions, BEVs hold great promise as novel nanopharmaceuticals for diverse biomedical potential, attracting significant interest from both industry and academia. Typically, BEVs are evaluated as promising drug delivery platforms, on account of their intrinsic cell-targeting capability, ease of versatile cargo engineering, and capability to penetrate physiological barriers. Moreover, attributing to considerable intrinsic immunogenicity, BEVs are able to interact with the host immune system to boost immunotherapy as the novel nanovaccine against a wide range of diseases. Towards these significant directions, in this review, we elucidate the nature of BEVs and their role in activating host immune response for a better understanding of BEV-based nanopharmaceuticals' development. Additionally, we also systematically summarize recent advances in BEVs for achieving the target delivery of genetic material, therapeutic agents, and functional materials. Furthermore, vaccination strategies using BEVs are carefully covered, illustrating their flexible therapeutic potential in combating bacterial infections, viral infections, and cancer. Finally, the current hurdles and further outlook of these BEV-based nanopharmaceuticals will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yao Ho
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore
| | - Songhan Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, S637371, Singapore.
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39
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Lee YT, Senturk M, Guan Y, Wang MC. Bacteria-organelle communication in physiology and disease. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202310134. [PMID: 38748249 PMCID: PMC11096858 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria, omnipresent in our environment and coexisting within our body, exert dual beneficial and pathogenic influences. These microorganisms engage in intricate interactions with the human body, impacting both human health and disease. Simultaneously, certain organelles within our cells share an evolutionary relationship with bacteria, particularly mitochondria, best known for their energy production role and their dynamic interaction with each other and other organelles. In recent years, communication between bacteria and mitochondria has emerged as a new mechanism for regulating the host's physiology and pathology. In this review, we delve into the dynamic communications between bacteria and host mitochondria, shedding light on their collaborative regulation of host immune response, metabolism, aging, and longevity. Additionally, we discuss bacterial interactions with other organelles, including chloroplasts, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tang Lee
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Integrative Program of Molecular and Biochemical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mumine Senturk
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youchen Guan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
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40
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Amabebe E, Kumar A, Tatiparthy M, Kammala AK, Taylor BD, Menon R. Cargo exchange between human and bacterial extracellular vesicles in gestational tissues: a new paradigm in communication and immune development. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 5:297-328. [PMID: 39698538 PMCID: PMC11648491 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2024.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Host-bacteria and bacteria-bacteria interactions can be facilitated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by both human and bacterial cells. Human and bacterial EVs (BEVs) propagate and transfer immunogenic cargos that may elicit immune responses in nearby or distant recipient cells/tissues. Hence, direct colonization of tissues by bacterial cells is not required for immunogenic stimulation. This phenomenon is important in the feto-maternal interface, where optimum tolerance between the mother and fetus is required for a successful pregnancy. Though the intrauterine cavity is widely considered sterile, BEVs from diverse sources have been identified in the placenta and amniotic cavity. These BEVs can be internalized by human cells, which may help them evade host immune surveillance. Though it appears logical, whether bacterial cells internalize human EVs or human EV cargo is yet to be determined. However, the presence of BEVs in placental tissues or amniotic cavity is believed to trigger a low-grade immune response that primes the fetal immune system for ex-utero survival, but is insufficient to disrupt the progression of pregnancy or cause immune intolerance required for adverse pregnancy events. Nevertheless, the exchange of bioactive cargos between human and BEVs, and the mechanical underpinnings and health implications of such interactions, especially during pregnancy, are still understudied. Therefore, while focusing on the feto-maternal interface, we discussed how human cells take up BEVs and whether bacterial cells take up human EVs or their cargo, the exchange of cargos between human and BEVs, host cell (feto-maternal) inflammatory responses to BEV immunogenic stimulation, and associations of these interactions with fetal immune priming and adverse reproductive outcomes such as preeclampsia and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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41
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Singh A, Nice JB, Wu M, Brown AC, Wittenberg NJ. Multivariate Analysis of Individual Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Using Fluorescence Microscopy. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:352-361. [PMID: 38817321 PMCID: PMC11134603 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play a critical role in cell-cell communication and virulence. OMVs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for various biological applications such as vaccines and targeted drug delivery. However, the full potential of OMVs is currently constrained by inherent heterogeneities, such as size and cargo differences, and traditional ensemble assays are limited in their ability to reveal OMV heterogeneity. To overcome this issue, we devised an innovative approach enabling the identification of various characteristics of individual OMVs. This method, employing fluorescence microscopy, facilitates the detection of variations in size and surface markers. To demonstrate our method, we utilize the oral bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) which produces OMVs with a bimodal size distribution. As part of its virulence, A. actinomycetemcomitans secretes leukotoxin (LtxA) in two forms: soluble and surface associated with the OMVs. We observed a correlation between the size and toxin presence where larger OMVs were much more likely to possess LtxA compared to the smaller OMVs. In addition, we noted that, among the smallest OMVs (<100 nm diameter), the fractions that are toxin positive range from 0 to 30%, while the largest OMVs (>200 nm diameter) are between 70 and 100% toxin positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarshi
N. Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Justin B Nice
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Meishan Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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42
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Liu C, Yazdani N, Moran CS, Salomon C, Seneviratne CJ, Ivanovski S, Han P. Unveiling clinical applications of bacterial extracellular vesicles as natural nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:18-45. [PMID: 38641182 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are naturally occurring bioactive membrane-bound nanoparticles released by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species, exhibiting a multifaceted role in mediating host-microbe interactions across various physiological conditions. Increasing evidence supports BEVs as essential mediators of cell-to-cell communicaiton, influencing bacterial pathogenicity, disease mechanisms, and modulating the host immune response. However, the extent to which these BEV-mediated actions can be leveraged to predict disease onset, guide treatment strategies, and determine clinical outcomes remains uncertain, particularly in terms of their clinical translation potentials. This review briefly describes BEV biogenesis and their internalisation by recipient cells and summarises methods for isolation and characterization, essential for understanding their composition and cargo. Further, it discusses the potential of biofluid-associated BEVs as biomarkers for various diseases, spanning both cancer and non-cancerous conditions. Following this, we outline the ongoing human clinical trials of using BEVs for vaccine development. In addition to disease diagnostics, this review explores the emerging research of using natural or engineered BEVs as smart nanomaterials for applications in anti-cancer therapy and bone regeneration. This discussion extends to key factors for unlocking the clinical potential of BEVs, such as standardization of BEV isolation and characterisation, as well as other hurdles in translating these findings to the clinical setting. We propose that addressing these hurdles through collaborative research efforts and well-designed clinical trials holds the key to fully harnessing the clinical potential of BEVs. As this field advances, this review suggests that BEV-based nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize disease management, paving the way for innovative diagnosis, therapeutics, and personalized medicine approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from both host cells and bacteria serve as multifunctional biomaterials and are emerging in the fields of biomedicine, bioengineering, and biomaterials. However, the majority of current studies focus on host-derived EVs, leaving a gap in comprehensive research on bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs). Although BEVs offer an attractive option as nanomaterials for drug delivery systems, their unique nanostructure and easy-to-modify functions make them a potential method for disease diagnosis and treatment as well as vaccine development. Our work among the pioneering studies investigating the potential of BEVs as natural nanobiomaterials plays a crucial role in both understanding the development of diseases and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Negar Yazdani
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 Australia
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Dell'Annunziata F, Ciaglia E, Folliero V, Lopardo V, Maciag A, Galdiero M, Puca AA, Franci G. Klebsiella pneumoniae-OMVs activate death-signaling pathways in Human Bronchial Epithelial Host Cells (BEAS-2B). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29017. [PMID: 38644830 PMCID: PMC11031753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis are important in mammalian cellular protection from infections. The activation of these pathways depends on the presence of membrane receptors that bind bacterial components to activate the transduction mechanism. In addition to bacteria, these mechanisms can be activated by outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs are spherical vesicles of 20-250 nm diameter, constitutively released by Gram-negative bacteria. They contain several bacterial determinants including proteins, DNA/RNA and proteins, that activate different cellular processes in host cells. This study focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae-OMVs in activating death mechanisms in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Characterization of purified OMVs was achieved by scanning electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and protein profiling. Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay while apoptotic induction was measured by flow cytometry and confirmed by western blotting. The OMVs produced showed a spherical morphology, with a diameter of 137.2 ± 41 nm and a vesicular density of 7.8 × 109 particles/mL Exposure of cell monolayers to 50 μg of K. pneumoniae-OMV for 14 h resulted in approximately 25 % cytotoxicity and 41.15-41.14 % of cells undergoing early and late apoptosis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed reduced cellular density, the presence of apoptotic bodies, chromatin condensation, and nuclear membrane blebbing in residual cells. Activation of caspases -3 and -9 and dysregulation of BAX, BIM and Bcl-xL indicated the activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, a decrease in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase involved endoplasmic reticulum stress with the potential formation of reactive oxygen species. These findings provide evidence for the role of OMVs in apoptosis and involvement in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Dell'Annunziata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Lopardo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Maciag
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Complex Operative Unity of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, 84126, Salerno, Italy
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Orlovska I, Zubova G, Shatursky O, Kukharenko O, Podolich O, Gorid'ko T, Kosyakova H, Borisova T, Kozyrovska N. Extracellular membrane vesicles derived from Komagataeibacter oboediens exposed on the International Space Station fuse with artificial eukaryotic membranes in contrast to vesicles of reference bacterium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184290. [PMID: 38281706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Membranous Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) of Gram-negative bacteria are a secretion and delivery system that can disseminate bacterial products and interact with hosts and the environment. EVs of nonpathogenic bacteria deliver their contents by endocytosis into eukaryotic cells, however, no evidence exists for a fusion delivery mechanism. Here, we describe the fusion of exposed to space/Mars-like stressors simulated on the International Space Station vesicles (E-EVs) from Komagataeibacter oboediens to different types of model planar membranes in comparison with the EVs of the ground-based reference strain. The most reliable fusion was achieved with PC:PE:ergosterol or sterol-free PC:PE bilayers. The relative permeability ratio (PK+/PCl-) estimated from the shift of zero current potential according to Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation consisted of 4.17 ± 0.48, which coincides with preferential cation selectivity of the EV endogenous channels. The increase in membrane potential from 50 mV to 100 mV induced the fusion of E-EVs with all tested lipid compositions. The fusion of model exosomes with planar bilayer lipid membranes was confirmed by separate step-like increases in its conductance. In contrast, the ground-based reference K. oboediens EVs never induced the fusion event. In our study, we show membrane lipidome perturbations and increased protein aggregation occurred in the exposed samples in the harsh environment when outer membranes of K. oboediens acquired the capability of both homo- and heterotypic fusion possibly by altered membrane fluidity and the pore-forming capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Orlovska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Acad. Zabolotnoho str, 150, Kyiv 030143, Ukraine.
| | - G Zubova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Acad. Zabolotnoho str, 150, Kyiv 030143, Ukraine.
| | - O Shatursky
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NASU, Leontovycha str, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine.
| | - O Kukharenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Acad. Zabolotnoho str, 150, Kyiv 030143, Ukraine.
| | - O Podolich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Acad. Zabolotnoho str, 150, Kyiv 030143, Ukraine.
| | - T Gorid'ko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NASU, Leontovycha str, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine.
| | - H Kosyakova
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NASU, Leontovycha str, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine.
| | - T Borisova
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NASU, Leontovycha str, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine.
| | - N Kozyrovska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Acad. Zabolotnoho str, 150, Kyiv 030143, Ukraine.
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45
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Effah CY, Ding X, Drokow EK, Li X, Tong R, Sun T. Bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles: endogenous roles, therapeutic potentials and their biomimetics for the treatment and prevention of sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1296061. [PMID: 38420121 PMCID: PMC10899385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1296061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the medical conditions with a high mortality rate and lacks specific treatment despite several years of extensive research. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are emerging as a focal target in the pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from pathogenic microorganisms carry pathogenic factors such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and virulence factors and are regarded as "long-range weapons" to trigger an inflammatory response. In particular, the small size of bEVs can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers that are difficult for pathogens to cross, deliver pathogenic agents to host cells, activate the host immune system, and possibly accelerate the bacterial infection process and subsequent sepsis. Over the years, research into host-derived EVs has increased, leading to breakthroughs in cancer and sepsis treatments. However, related approaches to the role and use of bacterial-derived EVs are still rare in the treatment of sepsis. Herein, this review looked at the dual nature of bEVs in sepsis by highlighting their inherent functions and emphasizing their therapeutic characteristics and potential. Various biomimetics of bEVs for the treatment and prevention of sepsis have also been reviewed. Finally, the latest progress and various obstacles in the clinical application of bEVs have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yaw Effah
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu BD, Akbar R, Oliverio A, Thapa K, Wang X, Fan GC. BACTERIAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS. Shock 2024; 61:175-188. [PMID: 37878470 PMCID: PMC10921997 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a new revelation in cross-kingdom communication, with increasing evidence showing the diverse roles of bacterial EVs (BEVs) in mammalian cells and host-microbe interactions. Bacterial EVs include outer membrane vesicles released by gram-negative bacteria and membrane vesicles generated from gram-positive bacteria. Recently, BEVs have drawn attention for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools because they are nano-sized and can deliver bacterial cargo into host cells. Importantly, exposure to BEVs significantly affects various physiological and pathological responses in mammalian cells. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the various effects of BEVs on host cells (i.e., immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells) and inflammatory/infectious diseases. First, the biogenesis and purification methods of BEVs are summarized. Next, the mechanisms and pathways identified by BEVs that stimulate either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses are highlighted. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms by which BEVs regulate host-microbe interactions and their effects on the immune system. Finally, this review focuses on the contribution of BEVs to the pathogenesis of sepsis/septic shock and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rubab Akbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Anna Oliverio
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kajol Thapa
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Tondi S, Siena E, Essaghir A, Bozzetti B, Bechtold V, Scaillet A, Clemente B, Marrocco M, Sammicheli C, Tavarini S, Micoli F, Oldrini D, Pezzicoli A, Di Fede M, Brazzoli M, Ulivieri C, Schiavetti F. Molecular Signature of Monocytes Shaped by the Shigella sonnei 1790-Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens Vaccine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1116. [PMID: 38256189 PMCID: PMC10816432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis, an acute gastroenteritis infection caused by Shigella species, remains a public health burden in developing countries. Recently, many outbreaks due to Shigella sonnei multidrug-resistant strains have been reported in high-income countries, and the lack of an effective vaccine represents a major hurdle to counteract this bacterial pathogen. Vaccine candidates against Shigella sonnei are under clinical development, including a Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA)-based vaccine. The mechanisms by which GMMA-based vaccines interact and activate human immune cells remain elusive. Our previous study provided the first evidence that both adaptive and innate immune cells are targeted and functionally shaped by the GMMA-based vaccine. Here, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analysis allowed us to identify monocytes as the main target population interacting with the S. sonnei 1790-GMMA vaccine on human peripheral blood. In addition, transcriptomic analysis of this cell population revealed a molecular signature induced by 1790-GMMA mostly correlated with the inflammatory response and cytokine-induced processes. This also impacts the expression of genes associated with macrophages' differentiation and T cell regulation, suggesting a dual function for this vaccine platform both as an antigen carrier and as a regulator of immune cell activation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tondi
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emilio Siena
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Ahmed Essaghir
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Benoît Bozzetti
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Viviane Bechtold
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Aline Scaillet
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Bruna Clemente
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Mariateresa Marrocco
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Simona Tavarini
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health S.R.L. (GVGH), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Oldrini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health S.R.L. (GVGH), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Martina Di Fede
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Michela Brazzoli
- Preclinical Research & Development, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.T.)
| | - Cristina Ulivieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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48
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Santiago VF, Rosa-Fernandes L, Macedo-da-Silva J, Angeli CB, Mule SN, Marinho CRF, Torrecilhas AC, Marie SNK, Palmisano G. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles Using Titanium Dioxide Microspheres. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:1-22. [PMID: 38409413 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer membrane particles released from several cell types to the extracellular environment. EVs have a crucial role in cell-cell communication, involving different biological processes in health and diseases. Due to the potential of biomarkers for several diseases as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, it is relevant to understand the biology of the EVs and their content. One of the current challenges involving EVs is regarding the purification method, which is a critical step for EV's functional and characterization studies. Ultracentrifugation is the most used method for EV isolation, where the nanoparticles are separated in sequential centrifugation to isolate the EVs based on their size. However, for viscous biofluids such as plasma, there is a co-isolation of the most abundant proteins, which can impair the EV's protein identification due to the low abundance of these proteins and signal suppression by the most abundant plasma proteins. Emerging techniques have gained attention in recent years. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most promising techniques due to its property for selective isolation based on the interaction with phospholipids in the EV membrane. Using a small amount of TiO2 beads and a low volume of plasma, it is possible to isolate EVs with reduced plasma protein co-isolation. This study describes a comprehensive workflow for the isolation and characterization of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) using mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques. The aim of this chapter is describe the EV isolation using TiO2 beads enrichment and high-throughput mass spectrometry techniques to efficiently identify the protein composition of EVs in a fast and straightforward manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Feijoli Santiago
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Angeli
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely N K Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM15), Department of Neurology, Fac-uldade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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49
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Zheng K, Feng Y, Li L, Kong F, Gao J, Kong X. Engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a versatile bacteria-based weapon against gastrointestinal tumors. Theranostics 2024; 14:761-787. [PMID: 38169585 PMCID: PMC10758051 DOI: 10.7150/thno.85917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer structures released by gram-negative bacteria. They share membrane composition and properties with their originating cells, making them adept at traversing cellular barriers. These OMVs have demonstrated exceptional membrane stability, immunogenicity, safety, penetration, and tumor-targeting properties, which have been leveraged in developing vaccines and drug delivery systems. Recent research efforts have focused on engineering OMVs to increase production yield, reduce cytotoxicity, and improve the safety and efficacy of treatment. Notably, gastrointestinal (GI) tumors have proven resistant to several traditional oncological treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in some patients, their usage as monotherapy remains limited by tumor heterogeneity and individual variability. The immunogenic and modifiable nature of OMVs makes them an ideal design platform for the individualized treatment of GI tumors. OMV-based therapy enables combination therapy and optimization of anti-tumor effects. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in OMV engineering for GI tumor therapy and discusses the challenges in the clinical translation of emerging OMV-based anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshuang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongpu Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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50
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Abubaker S, Miri S, Mottawea W, Hammami R. Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Host-Microbiota Interactions. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:475-520. [PMID: 39242390 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as key players in cellular communication, influencing various physiological processes and pathophysiological progression, including digestion, immune response, and tissue repairs. Recently, a class of EVs derived from microbial communities has gained significant attention due to their pivotal role in intercellular communication and their potential as biomarkers and biotherapeutic agents. Microbial EVs are membrane-bound molecules encapsulating bioactive metabolites that modulate host physiological and pathological processes. This chapter discusses the evolving history of microbiota-produced EVs, including their discovery, characterization, current research status, and their diverse mechanisms of interaction with other microbes and hosts. This review also highlights the importance of EVs in health and disease and discusses recent research that shows promising results for the therapeutic potential of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abubaker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Saba Miri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Riadh Hammami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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