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Li J, Xiao H, Zhang C, Liu G, Liu X. From virus to immune system: Harnessing membrane-derived vesicles to fight COVID-19 by interacting with biological molecules. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350916. [PMID: 38778737 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral pandemics have emerged as a major public health concern. Highly pathogenic coronaviruses, which cause severe respiratory disease, threaten human health and socioeconomic development. Great efforts are being devoted to the development of safe and efficacious therapeutic agents and preventive vaccines to combat them. Nevertheless, the highly mutated virus poses a challenge to drug development and vaccine efficacy, and the use of common immunomodulatory agents lacks specificity. Benefiting from the burgeoning intersection of biological engineering and biotechnology, membrane-derived vesicles have shown superior potential as therapeutics due to their biocompatibility, design flexibility, remarkable bionics, and inherent interaction with phagocytes. The interactions between membrane-derived vesicles, viruses, and the immune system have emerged as a new and promising topic. This review provides insight into considerations for developing innovative antiviral strategies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. First, membrane-derived vesicles may provide potential biomimetic decoys with a high affinity for viruses to block virus-receptor interactions for early interruption of infection. Second, membrane-derived vesicles could help achieve a balanced interplay between the virus and the host's innate immunity. Finally, membrane-derived vesicles have revealed numerous possibilities for their employment as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiqing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
- Shen Zhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Sundaram K, Teng Y, Mu J, Xu Q, Xu F, Sriwastva MK, Zhang L, Park JW, Zhang X, Yan J, Zhang SQ, Merchant ML, Chen SY, McClain CJ, Dryden GW, Zhang HG. Outer Membrane Vesicles Released from Garlic Exosome-like Nanoparticles (GaELNs) Train Gut Bacteria that Reverses Type 2 Diabetes via the Gut-Brain Axis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308680. [PMID: 38225709 PMCID: PMC11102339 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota function has numerous effects on humans and the diet humans consume has emerged as a pivotal determinant of gut microbiota function. Here, a new concept that gut microbiota can be trained by diet-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) to release healthy outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is introduced. Specifically, OMVs released from garlic ELN (GaELNs) trained human gut Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) can reverse high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in mice. Oral administration of OMVs released from GaELNs trained A. muciniphila can traffick to the brain where they are taken up by microglial cells, resulting in inhibition of high-fat diet-induced brain inflammation. GaELNs treatment increases the levels of OMV Amuc-1100, P9, and phosphatidylcholines. Increasing the levels of Amuc-1100 and P9 leads to increasing the GLP-1 plasma level. Increasing the levels of phosphatidylcholines is required for inhibition of cGas and STING-mediated inflammation and GLP-1R crosstalk with the insulin pathway that leads to increasing expression of Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS1 and IRS2) on OMV targeted cells. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism whereby OMVs from plant nanoparticle-trained gut bacteria regulate genes expressed in the brain, and have implications for the treatment of brain dysfunction caused by a metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Sundaram
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Yun Teng
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Jingyao Mu
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Fangyi Xu
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | | | - Lifeng Zhang
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
- Kentucky IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Shuang Qin Zhang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Kidney Disease Program and Clinical Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shao-yu Chen
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Gerald W Dryden
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202, USA
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3
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Marchant P, Vivanco E, Silva A, Nevermann J, Fuentes I, Barrera B, Otero C, Calderón IL, Gil F, Fuentes JA. β-lactam-induced OMV release promotes polymyxin tolerance in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1389663. [PMID: 38591031 PMCID: PMC10999688 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a global concern, leading to a renewed reliance on older antibiotics like polymyxins as a last resort. Polymyxins, cationic cyclic peptides synthesized nonribosomally, feature a hydrophobic acyl tail and positively charged residues. Their antimicrobial mechanism involves initial interaction with Gram-negative bacterial outer-membrane components through polar and hydrophobic interactions. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nano-sized proteoliposomes secreted from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, play a crucial role in tolerating harmful molecules, including cationic peptides such as polymyxins. Existing literature has documented environmental changes' impact on modulating OMV properties in Salmonella Typhimurium. However, less information exists regarding OMV production and characteristics in Salmonella Typhi. A previous study in our laboratory showed that S. Typhi ΔmrcB, a mutant associated with penicillin-binding protein (PBP, a β-lactam antibiotic target), exhibited hypervesiculation. Consequently, this study investigated the potential impact of β-lactam antibiotics on promoting polymyxin tolerance via OMVs in S. Typhi. Our results demonstrated that sub-lethal doses of β-lactams increased bacterial survival against polymyxin B in S. Typhi. This phenomenon stems from β-lactam antibiotics inducing hypervesiculation of OMVs with higher affinity for polymyxin B, capturing and diminishing its biologically effective concentration. These findings suggest that β-lactam antibiotic use may inadvertently contribute to decreased polymyxin effectivity against S. Typhi or other Gram-negative bacteria, complicating the effective treatment of infections caused by these pathogens. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating the influence of β-lactam antibiotics on the interaction between OMVs and other antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marchant
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erika Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Silva
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jan Nevermann
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Boris Barrera
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iván L. Calderón
- Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gil
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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4
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Mansky J, Wang H, Wagner-Döbler I, Tomasch J. The effect of site-specific recombinases XerCD on the removal of over-replicated chromosomal DNA through outer membrane vesicles in bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0234323. [PMID: 38349173 PMCID: PMC10913375 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02343-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are universally produced by Gram-negative bacteria and play important roles in symbiotic and pathogenic interactions. The DNA from the lumen of OMVs from the Alphaproteobacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae was previously shown to be enriched for the region around the terminus of replication ter and specifically for the recognition sequence dif of the two site-specific recombinases XerCD. These enzymes are highly conserved in bacteria and play an important role in the last phase of cell division. Here, we show that a similar enrichment of ter and dif is found in the DNA inside OMVs from Prochlorococcus marinus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and Escherichia coli. The deletion of xerC or xerD in E. coli reduced the enrichment peak directly at the dif sequence, while the enriched DNA region around ter became broader, demonstrating that either enzyme influences the DNA content inside the lumen of OMVs. We propose that the intra-vesicle DNA originated from over-replication repair and the XerCD enzymes might play a role in this process, providing them with a new function in addition to resolving chromosome dimers.IMPORTANCEImprecise termination of replication can lead to over-replicated parts of bacterial chromosomes that have to be excised and removed from the dividing cell. The underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Our data show that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from diverse Gram-negative bacteria are enriched for DNA around the terminus of replication ter and the site-specific XerCD recombinases influence this enrichment. Clearing the divisome from over-replicated parts of the bacterial chromosome might be a so far unrecognized and conserved function of OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mansky
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Tomasch
- Laboratory of Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Science–Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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5
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Meng X, Ma G, Zhang X, Yin H, Miao Y, He F. Extracellular vesicles from Fusobacterium nucleatum: roles in the malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:294-307. [PMID: 38446489 PMCID: PMC11057558 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2324587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase of the Fusobacterium nucleatum level has been previously identified in various cancers including gastric cancer (GC), but how the F. nucleatum exerts its carcinogenic role in GC remains unclear. Several studies revealed that F. nucleatum contributes to cancer progression via its secretion of extracellular vehicles (EVs). Hence, it's designed to reveal the influence of F. nucleatum-derived EVs (Fn-EVs) in GC progression. The tumor and adjacent tissues were collected from 30 GC patients, and the abundance of F. nucleatum was found to be highly expressed in tumor samples. The ultracentrifugation was employed to isolate EVs from F. nucleatum and Escherischia coli (E. coli), which were labeled Fn-EVs and E. coli-EVs, respectively. After treating GC cells with Fn-EVs and E. coli-EVs, cell counting kit 8, colony formation, wound healing as well as transwell assay were performed, which revealed that Fn-EVs effectively enhanced oxaliplatin resistance, and facilitated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness in GC cells while E. coli-EVs exert no significant effect on GC cells. Besides, the stemness and DNA repair of GC cells were also enhanced by Fn-EVs, as revealed by the sphere-forming assay and the detection of stemness- and DNA repair-associated proteins by western blotting. In vivo analyses demonstrated that Fn-EVs administration not only promoted GC tumor growth and liver metastasis but also conferred GC tumor resistance to oxaliplatin resistance. This study first revealed the contributive role of F. nucleatum in GC development via Fn-EVs, which provided a better perspective for manipulating F. nucleatum in treating GC patients with malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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6
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Mobarak H, Javid F, Narmi MT, Mardi N, Sadeghsoltani F, Khanicheragh P, Narimani S, Mahdipour M, Sokullu E, Valioglu F, Rahbarghazi R. Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38291458 PMCID: PMC10826215 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Every single cell can communicate with other cells in a paracrine manner via the production of nano-sized extracellular vesicles. This phenomenon is conserved between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, exosomes (Exos) are the main inter-cellular bioshuttles with the potential to carry different signaling molecules. Likewise, bacteria can produce and release Exo-like particles, namely microvesicles (MVs) into the extracellular matrix. Bacterial MVs function with diverse biological properties and are at the center of attention due to their inherent therapeutic properties. Here, in this review article, the comparable biological properties between the eukaryotic Exos and bacterial MVs were highlighted in terms of biomedical application. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzin Javid
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi Narmi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Khanicheragh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Narimani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferzane Valioglu
- Technology Development Zones Management CO, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Park JH, Song S, Kim S, Kim M, Kim KS. Optimizing Conditions for the Production of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles of Vibrio vulnificus and Analysis of the Inner Small RNA Compositions. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:29-38. [PMID: 38044684 PMCID: PMC10840491 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2310.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and physical elements affecting the production of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) of the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus were quantitatively assessed to optimize the conditions for the BEV production by using the western blot quantification for an outer membrane porin OmpU and by fluorescent dye FM4-64. When cells were cultured at 37°C in an enriched medium (2 × Luria Bertani; 2 × LB) in the presence of EDTA, they produced about 70% more BEVs. BEVs were purified from the cells cultured in the established optimal conditions by the density gradient ultracentrifugation. The dynamic light scattering measurement of the purified BEVs showed that the diameter of them ranged from approximately 25 nm to 161 nm. We hypothesized that there may be some features in nucleotide sequences specific to RNAs packaged in BEVs compared to those in cellular RNA molecules. We compared the nucleotide sequences and abundance of sRNAs between in the cellular fraction and in BEVs through next-generation sequencing (NGS). While no distinct feature was observed in the nucleotide sequences of sRNAs between two groups, the length of sRNA fragments from BEVs were significantly shorter than those in cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Heon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyee Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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Sharafutdinov I, Tegtmeyer N, Rohde M, Olofsson A, Rehman ZU, Arnqvist A, Backert S. Campylobacter jejuni Surface-Bound Protease HtrA, but Not the Secreted Protease nor Protease in Shed Membrane Vesicles, Disrupts Epithelial Cell-to-Cell Junctions. Cells 2024; 13:224. [PMID: 38334616 PMCID: PMC10854787 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Fundamental functions of the intestinal epithelium include the digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, and its ability to act as the first barrier against intruding microbes. Campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen accounting for a substantial portion of bacterial foodborne illnesses. The germ colonizes the intestines of birds and is mainly transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated poultry meat. In the human gastrointestinal tract, the bacterium triggers campylobacteriosis that can progress to serious secondary disorders, including reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and Guillain-Barré syndrome. We recently discovered that C. jejuni serine protease HtrA disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier functions via cleavage of the tight and adherens junction components occludin, claudin-8 and E-cadherin. However, it is unknown whether epithelial damage is mediated by the secreted soluble enzyme, by HtrA contained in shed outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) or by another mechanism that has yet to be identified. In the present study, we investigated whether soluble recombinant HtrA and/or purified OMVs induce junctional damage to polarized intestinal epithelial cells compared to live C. jejuni bacteria. By using electron and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that HtrA-expressing C. jejuni bacteria trigger efficient junctional cell damage, but not soluble purified HtrA or HtrA-containing OMVs, not even at high concentrations far exceeding physiological levels. Instead, we found that only bacteria with active protein biosynthesis effectively cleave junctional proteins, which is followed by paracellular transmigration of C. jejuni through the epithelial cell layer. These findings shed new light on the pathogenic activities of HtrA and virulence strategies of C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Annelie Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zia ur Rehman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Arnqvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Ayala-García P, Moreno-de Castro N, Jiménez-Guerrero I, Müsken M, Arce-Rodríguez A, Pérez-Montaño F, Borrero-de Acuña JM. Isolation, Quantification, and Visualization of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles in Rhizobia Under Free-Living Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2751:219-228. [PMID: 38265719 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3617-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Rhizobia are a group of soil proteobacteria that are able to establish a symbiotic interaction with legumes. These bacteria are capable to fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia within specific plant root organs called nodules. The rhizobia-legume interaction is established by a complex molecular dialogue that starts with flavonoids exudated by the plant roots. In response, signaling molecules known as Nod factors (NFs) are secreted by the bacteria. These factors are sensed by specific plant receptors that trigger a downstream signaling cascade leading to rhizobium-specific intracellular colonization of the root hair via the formation of infection threads and the eventual development of nodules on roots. In these organs, rhizobia can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere for the plant in exchange for photosynthates and the appropriate environment for nitrogen fixation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) produced by some rhizobia carry NFs. EMVs are proteolipidic structures that are secreted to the milieu from the bacterial membranes and are involved in several important biological processes, including intercellular communication. Thus far, little is known about rhizobia vesicles, and further studies are needed to understand their functions, including their role as transporting vessels of signaling molecules during the process of symbiosis. Here, we present a detailed protocol to isolate high-purity EMVs from free-living cultured rhizobia, test their integrity, and quantify their abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Tammisto H, Karvonen K. Purification of Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Membrane Vesicles. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2742:37-45. [PMID: 38165613 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3561-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical membrane constructs shed by gram-negative bacteria. OMVs produced by the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi have been identified to contain such virulence factors as OspA, OspB, OspC, and genetic material. However, the function and possible pathogenicity of borrelial OMVs are still undetermined. Therefore, further research on borrelial OMVs is required, and for that a standard method for OMV purification is necessary. Here we describe a successful and reproducible purification of borrelial outer membrane vesicles using concentration, filtration, and ultracentrifugation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tammisto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kati Karvonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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11
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Juodeikis R, Martins C, Saalbach G, Richardson J, Koev T, Baker DJ, Defernez M, Warren M, Carding SR. Differential temporal release and lipoprotein loading in B. thetaiotaomicron bacterial extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12406. [PMID: 38240185 PMCID: PMC10797578 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) contribute to stress responses, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and interspecies and interkingdom communication. However, the factors that regulate their release and heterogeneity are not well understood. We set out to investigate these factors in the common gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by studying BEV release throughout their growth cycle. Utilising a range of methods, we demonstrate that vesicles released at different stages of growth have significantly different composition, with early vesicles enriched in specifically released outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) containing a larger proportion of lipoproteins, while late phase BEVs primarily contain lytic vesicles with enrichment of cytoplasmic proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that lipoproteins containing a negatively charged signal peptide are preferentially incorporated in OMVs. We use this observation to predict all Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron OMV enriched lipoproteins and analyse their function. Overall, our findings highlight the need to understand media composition and BEV release dynamics prior to functional characterisation and define the theoretical functional capacity of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Juodeikis
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
| | | | | | | | - Trey Koev
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Dave J. Baker
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
| | - Marianne Defernez
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
| | - Martin Warren
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
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12
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Weng Z, Yang N, Shi S, Xu Z, Chen Z, Liang C, Zhang X, Du X. Outer Membrane Vesicles from Acinetobacter baumannii: Biogenesis, Functions, and Vaccine Application. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:49. [PMID: 38250862 PMCID: PMC10818702 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on Acinetobacter baumannii, a Gram-negative bacterium that causes various infections and whose multidrug resistance has become a significant challenge in clinical practices. There are multiple bacterial mechanisms in A. baumannii that participate in bacterial colonization and immune responses. It is believed that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) budding from the bacteria play a significant role in mediating bacterial survival and the subsequent attack against the host. Most OMVs originate from the bacterial membranes and molecules are enveloped in them. Elements similar to the pathogen endow OMVs with robust virulence, which provides a new direction for exploring the pathogenicity of A. baumannii and its therapeutic pathways. Although extensive research has been carried out on the feasibility of OMV-based vaccines against pathogens, no study has yet summarized the bioactive elements, biological activity, and vaccine applicability of A. baumannii OMVs. This review summarizes the components, biogenesis, and function of OMVs that contribute to their potential as vaccine candidates and the preparation methods and future directions for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Weng
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Shujun Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zining Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Chen Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xingran Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
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13
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Magaña G, Harvey C, Taggart CC, Rodgers AM. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Role in Pathogenesis and Host-Cell Interactions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 38247591 PMCID: PMC10812699 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small, spherical structures released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria into the surrounding environment. Investigations into OMVs range from their biogenesis and cargo composition to their ability to transfer virulence factors and modulate host immune responses. This emerging understanding of OMVs has unveiled their pivotal role in the pathogenicity of infectious diseases, shedding light on their interactions with host cells, their contributions to inflammation, their potential involvement in antimicrobial resistance, and their promising use for the development of novel treatments and therapies. Numerous studies have associated the OMVs of pathogenic bacteria with the exacerbation of inflammatory diseases, underlining the significance of understanding the mechanisms associated with these vesicles to find alternatives for combating these conditions. Additionally, OMVs possess the ability to act as decoys, absorbing and neutralizing antibiotics, which significantly diminishes the efficacy of a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Another subtopic of interest is OMVs produced by commensal microbiota. These vesicles are increasingly acknowledged for their mutualistic functions, significantly influencing their host's physiology and immune responses. Consequently, OMVs play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced gut microbiota by fostering symbiotic relationships that significantly contribute to the overall health and well-being of the host. This comprehensive review aims to provide an up-to-date review of OMVs derived from Gram-negative bacteria, summarizing current research findings, and elucidating the multifaceted role of these vesicles in diverse biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aoife M. Rodgers
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK; (G.M.); (C.H.); (C.C.T.)
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14
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Sirisaengtaksin N, O'Donoghue EJ, Jabbari S, Roe AJ, Krachler AM. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles provide an alternative pathway for trafficking of Escherichia coli O157 type III secreted effectors to epithelial cells. mSphere 2023; 8:e0052023. [PMID: 37929984 PMCID: PMC10732017 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00520-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bacteria can package protein cargo into nanosized membrane blebs that are shed from the bacterial membrane and released into the environment. Here, we report that a type of pathogenic bacteria called enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC) uses their membrane blebs (outer membrane vesicles) to package components of their type 3 secretion system and send them into host cells, where they can manipulate host signaling pathways including those involved in infection response, such as immunity. Usually, EHEC use a needle-like apparatus to inject these components into host cells, but packaging them into membrane blebs that get taken up by host cells is another way of delivery that can bypass the need for a functioning injection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sirisaengtaksin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eloise J. O'Donoghue
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Jabbari
- School of Mathematics, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Roe
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Krachler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Warsi OM, Gedda L, Edwards K, Andersson DI. Vesicle-enriched secretomes alter bacterial competitive abilities and are drivers of evolution in microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad141. [PMID: 37884450 PMCID: PMC10653989 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial membrane vesicles can carry compounds that inhibit bacterial growth, but how they impact the fitness of the vesicle-producing bacterial species and influence community dynamics remain unexplored questions. To address these questions, we examined the effect of vesicle-enriched secretomes (VESs) in different single-species and multi-species systems. Effects of VESs on single-species growth dynamics were determined for nine bacterial species belonging to four genera (Escherichia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas and Bacillus) in nutrient-rich and poor growth media. Results showed both species-specific and nutrient-dependent effects of the VESs on bacterial growth. The strongest antagonistic effects were observed for VES isolated from the natural isolates of E. coli, while those isolated from P. aeruginosa PA14 affected the highest number of species. We further demonstrated that these VESs altered the competitive abilities of the species involved in two-species (S. Typhimurium LT2 and S. arizonae) and three-species systems (E. coli, S. Typhimurium LT2 and B. subtilis). Finally, using experimental evolution we showed that different bacterial species could rapidly acquire mutations that abrogated the antagonistic effects of VESs. This study demonstrates how VESs can contribute in shaping microbial communities, both by increasing the competitive ability of a given bacterial species and as a driver of genetic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Warsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Lars Gedda
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Dan I Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
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16
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Meng R, Zeng M, Ji Y, Huang X, Xu M. The potential role of gut microbiota outer membrane vesicles in colorectal cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270158. [PMID: 38029123 PMCID: PMC10661380 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant digestive tract tumor in colorectal regions. Considerable evidence now shows that the gut microbiota have essential roles in CRC occurrence and development. Most Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) via outer membrane blistering, which contain specific cargoes which interact with host cells via intercellular communications, host immune regulation, and gut microbiota homeostasis. Studies have also shown that OMVs selectively cluster near tumor cells, thus cancer treatment strategies based on OMVs have attracted considerable research attention. However, little is known about the possible impact of gut microbiota OMVs in CRC pathophysiology. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the research progress on molecular composition and function of OMV, and review the microbial dysbiosis in CRC. We then focus on the potential role of gut microbiota OMVs in CRC. Finally, we examine the clinical potential of OMVs in CRC treatment, and their main advantages and challenges in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Hicks E, Rogers NMK, Hendren CO, Kuehn MJ, Wiesner MR. Extracellular Vesicles and Bacteriophages: New Directions in Environmental Biocolloid Research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16728-16742. [PMID: 37898880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a long-standing appreciation among environmental engineers and scientists regarding the importance of biologically derived colloidal particles and their environmental fate. This interest has been recently renewed in considering bacteriophages and extracellular vesicles, which are each poised to offer engineers unique insights into fundamental aspects of environmental microbiology and novel approaches for engineering applications, including advances in wastewater treatment and sustainable agricultural practices. Challenges persist due to our limited understanding of interactions between these nanoscale particles with unique surface properties and their local environments. This review considers these biological particles through the lens of colloid science with attention given to their environmental impact and surface properties. We discuss methods developed for the study of inert (nonbiological) particle-particle interactions and the potential to use these to advance our understanding of the environmental fate and transport of extracellular vesicles and bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hicks
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas M K Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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18
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Płaczkiewicz J, Gieczewska K, Musiałowski M, Adamczyk-Popławska M, Bącal P, Kwiatek A. Availability of iron ions impacts physicochemical properties and proteome of outer membrane vesicles released by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18733. [PMID: 37907530 PMCID: PMC10618220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are bilayer structures released by bacteria for various purposes, e.g., response to environmental factors, bacterial communication, and interactions with host cells. One of the environmental variables bacteria need to react is the amount and availability of iron, a crucial element for bacteria biology. We have investigated the impact of the iron amount and availability on OMV secretion by pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which, depending on the infection site, challenges different iron availability. N. gonorrhoeae releases OMVs in iron starvation and repletion growth environments. However, OMVs differed in physicochemical features and proteome according to iron amount and availability during the bacteria growth, as was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Infrared spectroscopy with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and Atomic Force Microscopy. OMVs from iron starvation and repletion conditions had a higher variation in size, different flexibility, and different membrane protein and lipid components than OMVs isolated from control growth conditions. These OMVs also varied qualitatively and quantitatively in their total proteome composition and contained proteins unique for iron starvation and repletion conditions. Thus, the modulation of OMVs' properties seems to be a part of N. gonorrhoeae adaptation to surroundings and indicates a new direction of antigonococcal proceeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Płaczkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Ophthalmic Biology Group, Warsaw, Poland, 01-230
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Experimental Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 02-096
| | - Marcin Musiałowski
- Department of Geomicrobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, 02-096
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Popławska
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Bącal
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, 00-818
| | - Agnieszka Kwiatek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Zong R, Ruan H, Liu C, Fan S, Li J. Bacteria and Bacterial Components as Natural Bio-Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2490. [PMID: 37896250 PMCID: PMC10610331 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and bacterial components possess multifunctional properties, making them attractive natural bio-nanocarriers for cancer diagnosis and targeted treatment. The inherent tropic and motile nature of bacteria allows them to grow and colonize in hypoxic tumor microenvironments more readily than conventional therapeutic agents and other nanomedicines. However, concerns over biosafety, limited antitumor efficiency, and unclear tumor-targeting mechanisms have restricted the clinical translation and application of natural bio-nanocarriers based on bacteria and bacterial components. Fortunately, bacterial therapies combined with engineering strategies and nanotechnology may be able to reverse a number of challenges for bacterial/bacterial component-based cancer biotherapies. Meanwhile, the combined strategies tend to enhance the versatility of bionanoplasmic nanoplatforms to improve biosafety and inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review summarizes the advantages and challenges of bacteria and bacterial components in cancer therapy, outlines combinatorial strategies for nanocarriers and bacterial/bacterial components, and discusses their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaohua Fan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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20
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Xu Y, Xie C, Liu Y, Qin X, Liu J. An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1273813. [PMID: 37860067 PMCID: PMC10582989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles released from cells into the extracellular environment, and are separated from eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and other organisms with cellular structures. EVs alter cell communication by delivering their contents and performing various functions depending on their cargo and release into certain environments or other cells. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and were previously thought to be unable to produce EVs. However, recent studies have demonstrated that Gram-positive bacterial EVs are crucial for health and disease. In this review, we have summarized the formation, composition, and characteristics of the contents, resistance to external stress, participation in immune regulation, and other functions of Gram-positive bacterial EVs, as well as their application in clinical diagnosis and treatment, to provide a new perspective to further our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
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21
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Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Emerging nanoplatforms for biomedical applications. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106308. [PMID: 37595812 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanosized lipid bilayers generated from membranes that are filled with components derived from bacteria. BEVs are important for the physiology, pathogenicity, and interactions between bacteria and their hosts as well. BEVs represent an important mechanism of transport and interaction between cells. Recent advances in biomolecular nanotechnology have enabled the desired properties to be engineered on the surface of BEVs and decoration with desired and diverse biomolecules and nanoparticles, which have potential biomedical applications. BEVs have been the focus of various fields, including nanovaccines, therapeutic agents, and drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we delineate the fundamental aspects of BEVs, including their biogenesis, cargo composition, function, and interactions with host cells. We comprehensively summarize the factors influencing the biogenesis of BEVs. We further highlight the importance of the isolation, purification, and characterization of BEVs because they are essential processes for potential benefits related to host-microbe interactions. In addition, we address recent advancements in BEVs in biomedical applications. Finally, we provide conclusions and future perspectives as well as highlight the remaining challenges of BEVs for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Rathinam Techzone Campus, Eachanari, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea.
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22
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Huang J, Wang X, Wang Z, Deng L, Wang Y, Tang Y, Luo L, Leung ELH. Extracellular vesicles as a novel mediator of interkingdom communication. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:173-184. [PMID: 37634980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles secreted from almost all types of cells including bacteria, mammals and plants, and are presumed to be mediators of intercellular communication. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoparticles with diverse diameters, ranging from 20 to 400 nm. BEVs are composed of soluble microbial metabolites, including nucleic acid, proteins, lipoglycans, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, EVs may contain quorum sensing peptides that are endowed with the ability to protect bacteria against bacteriophages, form and maintain bacterial communities, and modulate the host immune system. BEVs are potentially promising therapeutic modalities for use in vaccine development, cancer immunotherapy regimens, and drug delivery cargos. Plant-derived EVs (PEVs), such as EVs derived from herbal medicines, can be absorbed by the gut microbiota and influence the composition and homeostasis of gut microbiota. This review highlights the roles of BEVs and PEVs in bacterial and plant physiology and discusses crosstalk among gut bacteria, host metabolism and herbal medicine. In summary, EVs represent crucial communication messengers in the gut microbiota, with potential therapeutic value in the delivery of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumin Huang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xuanrun Wang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Liyan Deng
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
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23
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Ayesha A, Chow FWN, Leung PHM. Role of Legionella pneumophila outer membrane vesicles in host-pathogen interaction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270123. [PMID: 37817751 PMCID: PMC10561282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen that inhabits artificial water systems and can be transmitted to human hosts by contaminated aerosols. Upon inhalation, it colonizes and grows inside the alveolar macrophages and causes Legionnaires' disease. To effectively control and manage Legionnaires' disease, a deep understanding of the host-pathogen interaction is crucial. Bacterial extracellular vesicles, particularly outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as mediators of intercellular communication between bacteria and host cells. These OMVs carry a diverse cargo, including proteins, toxins, virulence factors, and nucleic acids. OMVs play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis by helping bacteria in colonization, delivering virulence factors into host cells, and modulating host immune responses. This review highlights the role of OMVs in the context of host-pathogen interaction shedding light on the pathogenesis of L. pneumophila. Understanding the functions of OMVs and their cargo provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets and interventions for combating Legionnaires' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Polly Hang-Mei Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Gan Y, Zhao G, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wu MX, Lu M. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Physiological Roles, Infection Immunology, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301357. [PMID: 37357142 PMCID: PMC10477901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial or fungal membrane vesicles, traditionally considered as microbial metabolic wastes, are secreted mainly from the outer membrane or cell membrane of microorganisms. However, recent studies have shown that these vesicles play essential roles in direct or indirect communications among microorganisms and between microorganisms and hosts. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the physiological functions and emerging applications of bacterial membrane vesicles, with a focus on their biogenesis, mechanisms of adsorption and invasion into host cells, immune stimulatory effects, and roles in the much-concerned problem of bacterial resistance. Additionally, the potential applications of these vesicles as biomarkers, vaccine candidates, and drug delivery platforms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Gan
- Department of Transfusion MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Transfusion MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Mei X. Wu
- Wellman Center for PhotomedicineMassachusetts General HospitalDepartment of DermatologyHarvard Medical School, 50 Blossom StreetBostonMA02114USA
| | - Min Lu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200240P. R. China
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25
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Xiao M, Li G, Yang H. Microbe-host interactions: structure and functions of Gram-negative bacterial membrane vesicles. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225513. [PMID: 37720140 PMCID: PMC10500606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-host interaction is a common, relevant, and intriguing biological phenomena. The host reacts actively or passively to the bacteria themselves, their products, debris, and so on, through various defense systems containing the immune system, the bacteria communicate with the local or distal tissues of the host via their own surface antigens, secreted products, nucleic acids, etc., resulting in relationships of attack and defense, adaptation, symbiosis, and even collaboration. The significance of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) as a powerful vehicle for the crosstalk mechanism between the two is growing. In the recent decade, the emergence of MVs in microbial interactions and a variety of bacterial infections, with multiple adhesions to host tissues, cell invasion and evasion of host defense mechanisms, have brought MVs to the forefront of bacterial pathogenesis research. Whereas MVs are a complex combination of molecules not yet fully understood, research into its effects, targeting and pathogenic components will advance its understanding and utilization. This review will summarize structural, extraction and penetration information on several classes of MVs and emphasize the role of MVs in transport and immune response activation. Finally, the potential of MVs as a therapeutic method will be highlighted, as will future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guiding Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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26
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Janda M, Rybak K, Krassini L, Meng C, Feitosa-Junior O, Stigliano E, Szulc B, Sklenar J, Menke FL, Malone JG, Brachmann A, Klingl A, Ludwig C, Robatzek S. Biophysical and proteomic analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 extracellular vesicles suggest adaptive functions during plant infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0358922. [PMID: 37366628 PMCID: PMC10470744 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03589-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesiculation is a process employed by Gram-negative bacteria to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment. EVs from pathogenic bacteria play functions in host immune modulation, elimination of host defenses, and acquisition of nutrients from the host. Here, we observed EV production of the bacterial speck disease causal agent, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, as outer membrane vesicle release. Mass spectrometry identified 369 proteins enriched in Pto DC3000 EVs. The EV samples contained known immunomodulatory proteins and could induce plant immune responses mediated by bacterial flagellin. Having identified two biomarkers for EV detection, we provide evidence for Pto DC3000 releasing EVs during plant infection. Bioinformatic analysis of the EV-enriched proteins suggests a role for EVs in antibiotic defense and iron acquisition. Thus, our data provide insights into the strategies this pathogen may use to develop in a plant environment. IMPORTANCE The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment is ubiquitous among bacteria. Vesiculation has been recognized as an important mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis and human disease but is poorly understood in phytopathogenic bacteria. Our research addresses the role of bacterial EVs in plant infection. In this work, we show that the causal agent of bacterial speck disease, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, produces EVs during plant infection. Our data suggest that EVs may help the bacteria to adapt to environments, e.g., when iron could be limiting such as the plant apoplast, laying the foundation for studying the factors that phytopathogenic bacteria use to thrive in the plant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Janda
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Krassini
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse, Freising, United Kingdom
| | | | - Egidio Stigliano
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Szulc
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Sklenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Frank L.H. Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob G. Malone
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Brachmann
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse, Freising, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Robatzek
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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27
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Li Y. Aerosolization inhalation of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles contributing to neutrophilic asthma. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1226633. [PMID: 37564280 PMCID: PMC10411346 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1226633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophilic asthma is poorly responsive to corticosteroids, and the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis remains unclear. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common bacterium found in induced sputum from patients with neutrophilic asthma. NTHi can release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which transfer biomolecules to host cells and the external environment. However, the role and mechanisms of NTHi OMVs in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma remain unclear. Methods We conducted assays to investigate whether NTHi OMVs can induce neutrophilic asthma when inhaled. We isolated and purified NTHi OMVs and administered them via a nebulizer to ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. We collected and sequenced serum, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue from each group and gathered lung function data. Results Inhaled NTHi OMVs-induced neutrophilic asthma in OVA-sensitized mice. High-throughput sequencing revealed that NTHi OMV inhalation in OVA-sensitized mice significantly enriched inflammatory and immune-related signaling pathways. We found increased transcription and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-17, which may contribute to neutrophilic asthma. Furthermore, we discovered that airway epithelium is the first receptor cell of NTHi OMVs and releases IL-1β. These findings suggest that NTHi OMVs could be a potential target for neutrophilic asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanan Li
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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28
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Jiang G, Xiang Z, Fang Q. Engineering magnetotactic bacteria MVs to synergize chemotherapy, ferroptosis and immunotherapy for augmented antitumor therapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1062-1072. [PMID: 37306000 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One main obstacle to targeted cancer therapies is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which can facilitate tumor growth and induce resistance to antitumor treatments. Recent studies have indicated that treatment combined with immunotherapy often yields a better prognosis than monotherapy. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs), nanostructures released from the membrane of bacteria, can be used as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery and stimulate an immune response because of their immunogenicity. Inspired by the development of synergistic therapeutic strategies, we herein propose a novel nanovaccine-based platform to achieve chemotherapy, ferroptosis therapy, and immunotherapy simultaneously. By simply culturing magnetotactic bacteria in the medium with doxorubicin (DOX) and then extracting specialized MVs (BMVs), BMV@DOX, which are membrane vesicles containing iron ions and DOX, were obtained. We confirmed that in BMV@DOX, the BMV component can stimulate the innate immune system, DOX acts as the chemotherapeutic agent and iron ions will induce ferroptosis. Furthermore, BMV@DOX vesicles modified with DSPE-PEG-cRGD peptides (T-BMV@DOX) have minimized systemic toxicity and increased tumor-specificity. We demonstrated that the smart MVs-based nanovaccine system not only showed superior performance in the treatment of 4T1 breast cancer but also effectively restrained the growth of drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR tumors in mice. Moreover, the nanovaccine could abrogate in vivo lung metastasis of tumor cells in a 4T1-Luc cell induced-lung breast cancer metastasis model. Collectively, the MVs-based nanoplatform offers an alternative promise for surmounting the limitations of monotherapy and may deserve further study for application in synergistic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gexuan Jiang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhichu Xiang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 101408, China
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29
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Krsek D, Yara DA, Hrbáčková H, Daniel O, Mančíková A, Schüller S, Bielaszewska M. Translocation of outer membrane vesicles from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 across the intestinal epithelial barrier. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1198945. [PMID: 37303786 PMCID: PMC10248468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1198945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) carrying virulence factors of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are assumed to play a role in the pathogenesis of life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). However, it is unknown if and how OMVs, which are produced in the intestinal lumen, cross the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) to reach the renal glomerular endothelium, the major target in HUS. We investigated the ability of EHEC O157 OMVs to translocate across the IEB using a model of polarized Caco-2 cells grown on Transwell inserts and characterized important aspects of this process. Using unlabeled or fluorescently labeled OMVs, tests of the intestinal barrier integrity, inhibitors of endocytosis, cell viability assay, and microscopic techniques, we demonstrated that EHEC O157 OMVs translocated across the IEB. OMV translocation involved both paracellular and transcellular pathways and was significantly increased under simulated inflammatory conditions. In addition, translocation was not dependent on OMV-associated virulence factors and did not affect viability of intestinal epithelial cells. Importantly, translocation of EHEC O157 OMVs was confirmed in human colonoids thereby supporting physiological relevance of OMVs in the pathogenesis of HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krsek
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Hana Hrbáčková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Daniel
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrea Mančíková
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stephanie Schüller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Bielaszewska
- Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
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30
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Choi Y, Park HS, Kim YK. Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: A Candidate Molecule for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:279-289. [PMID: 37188485 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an end product released from almost all living cells such as eukaryotic cells and bacteria. These membrane vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are mainly involved in intracellular communications through the transfer of their components from donor to acceptor cells. Moreover, EVs have been implicated in many functions in response to environmental changes, contributing to health and disease; bacterial EVs depending on their specific parental bacterium have diverse effects on immune responses to play a beneficial or pathogenic role in patients with various allergic and immunologic diseases. As bacterial EVs are a completely new area of investigation in this field, we highlight our current understanding of bacterial EVs and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potentials (as immunomodulators) for targeting asthma and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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31
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Rogers NMK, McCumber AW, McMillan HM, McNamara RP, Dittmer DP, Kuehn MJ, Hendren CO, Wiesner MR. Comparative electrokinetic properties of extracellular vesicles produced by yeast and bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113249. [PMID: 36905832 PMCID: PMC10085849 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, biocolloidal proteoliposomes that have been shown to be produced by all cell types studied to date and are ubiquitous in the environment. Extensive literature on colloidal particles has demonstrated the implications of surface chemistry on transport behavior. Hence, one may anticipate that physicochemical properties of EVs, particularly surface charge-associated properties, may influence EV transport and specificity of interactions with surfaces. Here we compare the surface chemistry of EVs as expressed by zeta potential (calculated from electrophoretic mobility measurements). The zeta potentials of EVs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were largely unaffected by changes in ionic strength and electrolyte type, but were affected by changes in pH. The addition of humic acid altered the calculated zeta potential of the EVs, especially for those from S. cerevisiae. Differences in zeta potential were compared between EVs and their respective parent cell with no consistent trend emerging; however, significant differences were discovered between the different cell types and their EVs. These findings imply that, while EV surface charge (as estimated from zeta potential) is relatively insensitive to the evaluated environmental conditions, EVs from different organisms can differ regarding which conditions will cause colloidal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M K Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Alexander W McCumber
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M McMillan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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32
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Tian CM, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Emerging role of bacterial outer membrane vesicle in gastrointestinal tract. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:20. [PMID: 37106359 PMCID: PMC10133921 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria form a highly complex ecosystem in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that bacteria can release nanoscale phospholipid bilayer particles that encapsulate nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by microorganisms and can transport a variety of important factors, such as virulence factors, antibiotics, HGT, and defensive factors produced by host eukaryotic cells. In addition, these EVs are vital in facilitating communication between microbiota and the host. Therefore, bacterial EVs play a crucial role in maintaining the GI tract's health and proper functioning. In this review, we outlined the structure and composition of bacterial EVs. Additionally, we highlighted the critical role that bacterial EVs play in immune regulation and in maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota. To further elucidate progress in the field of intestinal research and to provide a reference for future EV studies, we also discussed the clinical and pharmacological potential of bacterial EVs, as well as the necessary efforts required to understand the mechanisms of interaction between bacterial EVs and gut pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, No.1080, Cuizu Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
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Han F, Wang K, Shen K, Wang J, Han S, Hu D, Wu G. Extracellular vesicles from Lactobacillus druckerii inhibit hypertrophic scar fibrosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:113. [PMID: 36978136 PMCID: PMC10053340 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scars (HS) affect millions of people each year and require better treatment strategies. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are advantaged by low cost and high yield which was commonly used in the treatment of diseases. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of EVs obtained from Lactobacillus druckerii in hypertrophic scar. In vitro, the effects of Lactobacillus druckerii-derived EVs (LDEVs) on Collagen I/III and α-SMA in fibroblasts obtained from HS. In vivo, a scleroderma mouse model was used to investigate the effects of LDEVs on fibrosis. The impact of LDEVs on excisional wound healing was explored. The different proteins between PBS and LDEVs treated fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar were studied by untargeted proteomic analysis. RESULTS In vitro, LDEVs treatment significantly inhibited the expression of Collagen I/III and α-SMA and cell proliferation of fibroblasts derived from HS. In vivo, LDEVs withdrawn the hypertrophic scar formation in scleroderma mouse model and decreased the expression of α-SMA. LDEVs promoted the proliferation of skin cells, new blood vessel formation and wound healing in excisional wound healing mice model. Moreover, proteomics has shown that LDEVs inhibit hypertrophic scar fibrosis through multiple pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that Lactobacillus druckerii-derived EVs has the potential application in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and any other fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kejia Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shichao Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41579-023-00875-5. [PMID: 36932221 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria, membrane vesicles (MVs) can originate either from blebs of the outer membrane or from endolysin-triggered explosive cell lysis, which is often induced by genotoxic stress. Although less is known about the mechanisms of vesiculation in Gram-positive and Gram-neutral bacteria, recent research has shown that both lysis and blebbing mechanisms also exist in these organisms. Evidence has accumulated over the past years that different biogenesis routes lead to distinct types of MV with varied structure and composition. In this Review, we discuss the different types of MV and their potential cargo packaging mechanisms. We summarize current knowledge regarding how MV composition determines their various functions including support of bacterial growth via the disposal of waste material, nutrient scavenging, export of bioactive molecules, DNA transfer, neutralization of phages, antibiotics and bactericidal functions, delivery of virulence factors and toxins to host cells and inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We also discuss the advantages of MV-mediated secretion compared with classic bacterial secretion systems and we introduce the concept of quantal secretion.
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35
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Proteomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations with Possibly Unique Functionality. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0168622. [PMID: 36533919 PMCID: PMC9888257 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01686-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are 20- to 200-nm secreted packages of lipids, small molecules, and proteins that contribute to diverse bacterial processes. In plant systems, OMVs from pathogenic and beneficial strains elicit plant immune responses that inhibit seedling growth and protect against future pathogen challenge. Previous studies of OMV-plant interactions suggest functionally important differences in the protein composition of Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens OMVs, and that their composition and activity differ as a result of medium culture conditions. Here, we show that plant apoplast-mimicking minimal medium conditions impact OMV protein content dramatically in P. syringae but not in P. fluorescens relative to complete medium conditions. Comparative, 2-way analysis of the four conditions reveals subsets of proteins that may contribute to OMV-mediated bacterial virulence and plant immune activation as well as those involved in bacterial stress tolerance or adaptation to a beneficial relationship with plants. Additional localization enrichment analysis of these subsets suggests the presence of outer-inner membrane vesicles (OIMVs). Collectively, these results reveal distinct differences in bacterial extracellular vesicle cargo and biogenesis routes from pathogenic and beneficial plant bacteria in different medium conditions and point to distinct populations of vesicles with diverse functional roles. IMPORTANCE Recent publications have shown that bacterial vesicles play important roles in interkingdom communication between bacteria and plants. Indeed, our recently published data reveal that bacterial vesicles from pathogenic and beneficial strains elicit immune responses in plants that protect against future pathogen challenge. However, the molecules underlying these striking phenomena remain unknown. Our recent work indicated that proteins packaged in vesicles are critically important for vesicle-mediated seedling growth inhibition, often considered an indirect measure of plant immune activation. In this study, we characterize the protein cargo of vesicles from Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato DC3000 and Pseudomonas fluorescens from two different medium conditions and show that distinct subpopulations of vesicles contribute to bacterial virulence and stress tolerance. Furthermore, we reveal differences in how beneficial and pathogenic bacterial species respond to harsh environmental conditions through vesicle packaging. Importantly, we find that protein cargo implicates outer-inner membrane vesicles in bacterial stress responses, while outer membrane vesicles are packaged for virulence.
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Wei S, Zhang J, Wu X, Chen M, Huang H, Zeng S, Xiang Z, Li X, Dong W. Fusobacterium nucleatum Extracellular Vesicles Promote Experimental Colitis by Modulating Autophagy via the miR-574-5p/CARD3 Axis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:9-26. [PMID: 35998069 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) may be exacerbated by Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) infection. However, the mechanism underlying Fn-mediated progression of UC has yet to be established. Here, we aimed to establish whether and how Fn-derived extracellular vesicles (Fn-EVs) participate in the development of experimental colitis through microRNAs (miRNAs). METHODS EVs were isolated and purified by ultracentrifugation from Fn and Escherichia coli culture supernatants. Differentially expressed miRNAs in control intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and Fn-EV-treated IECs were identified by miRNA sequencing. EVs were cocultured with IECs or administered to CARD3wt/CARD3-/- mice by gavage to assess inflammatory responses to and the mechanism of action of Fn-EVs. RESULTS Fn-EVs promoted upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α), downregulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and intercellular tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, and epithelial barrier dysfunction in IECs. Fn-EVs significantly aggravated experimental colitis in mice associated with Fn-EV-mediated downregulation of miR-574-5p expression and autophagy activation. Blockade of autophagy using chloroquine alleviates barrier damage exacerbated by Fn-EVs in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of the miR-574-5p/CARD3 axis reduced the severity of colitis, epithelial barrier damage, and autophagy activation induced by Fn-EVs. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe a new mechanism by which Fn-EVs mediate experimental colitis severity through miR-574-5p/CARD3-dependent autophagy activation, providing a novel target for UC monitoring and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Hancheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Suqi Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the mechanisms of their biogenesis, cargo, and function. Throughout, we highlight issues concerning the characterization of OMVs and distinguishing them from other types of BEVs. We also highlight the shortcomings of commonly used methodologies for the study of BEVs that impact the interpretation of their functionality and suggest solutions to standardize protocols for OMV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Characterization of Multiple Alginate Lyases in a Highly Efficient Alginate-Degrading Vibrio Strain and Its Degradation Strategy. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0138922. [PMID: 36409133 PMCID: PMC9746302 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01389-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is an important polysaccharide in the ocean that supports the growth of marine microorganisms. Many widespread Vibrio species possess alginate lyases and can utilize alginate as a carbon source, but the detailed alginate degradation mechanism in Vibrio remains to be further explored. In this study, we obtained a highly efficient alginate-degrading strain, Vibrio pelagius WXL662, with 11 alginate lyases (VpAly-I to -XI) and further elucidated its molecular mechanism of alginate degradation. Three alginate utilization loci (AUL) were identified in different parts of WXL662's genome, comprising six alginate lyases (VpAly-I, -II, -VIII, -IX, -X, and -XI) and other genes related to alginate degradation. Most of the alginate-degrading genes are strongly induced when alginate is provided as the sole carbon source. Ten alginate lyases (VpAly-I to -X) had been purified and characterized, including six from polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7), three from PL17, and one from PL6. These recombinant alginate lyases existing in different cellular locations were active at a wide temperature (10 to 50°C) and pH (4.0 to 9.0) range, with different substrate preferences and diverse degradation products, enabling WXL662 to efficiently utilize alginate in a changing marine environment. Importantly, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can act as vectors for alginate lyases (VpAly-II, -V, and -VI) in WXL662. Further investigations of public Vibrio genomes revealed that most alginate-degrading vibrios possess one AUL instead of previously reported "scattered" system. These results emphasize the specific alginate degradation strategy in Vibrio pelagius WXL662, which can be used as a model strain to study the ecological importance of effective alginate-degrading vibrios in the ocean. IMPORTANCE Alginate is an important carbon source in the marine environment, and vibrios are major alginate utilizers. Previous studies focused only on the characteristics of individual alginate lyases in vibrios, but few of them discussed the comprehensive alginate-degrading strategy. Here, we depicted the alginate utilization mechanism and its ecological implications of a highly efficient alginate-degrading Vibrio strain, WXL662, which contained 11 alginate lyases with distinct enzymatic characteristics. Importantly, unlike other vibrios with only one alginate utilization locus (AUL) or the previously reported "scattered" system, three AUL were identified in WXL662. Additionally, the involvement of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in the secretion of alginate lyases is proposed for the first time.
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Inhibitory effect of the combination of xylitol and funoran on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on the uncoated surface. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:723. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pang Y, Ermann Lundberg L, Mata Forsberg M, Ahl D, Bysell H, Pallin A, Sverremark-Ekström E, Karlsson R, Jonsson H, Roos S. Extracellular membrane vesicles from Limosilactobacillus reuteri strengthen the intestinal epithelial integrity, modulate cytokine responses and antagonize activation of TRPV1. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1032202. [PMID: 36466671 PMCID: PMC9712456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1032202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles (MV) are potent mediators of microbe-host signals, and they are not only important in host-pathogen interactions but also for the interactions between mutualistic bacteria and their hosts. Studies of MV derived from probiotics could enhance the understanding of these universal signal entities, and here we have studied MV derived from Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and BG-R46. The production of MV increased with cultivation time and after oxygen stress. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses revealed that the MV carried a large number of bacterial cell surface proteins, several predicted to be involved in host-bacteria interactions. A 5'-nucleotidase, which catalyze the conversion of AMP into the signal molecule adenosine, was one of these and analysis of enzymatic activity showed that L. reuteri BG-R46 derived MV exhibited the highest activity. We also detected the TLR2 activator lipoteichoic acid on the MV. In models for host interactions, we first observed that L. reuteri MV were internalized by Caco-2/HT29-MTX epithelial cells, and in a dose-dependent manner decreased the leakage caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by up to 65%. Furthermore, the MV upregulated IL-1β and IL-6 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but also dampened IFN-γ and TNF-α responses in PBMC challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, we showed that MV from the L. reuteri strains have an antagonistic effect on the pain receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in a model with primary dorsal root ganglion cells from rats. In summary, we have shown that these mobile nanometer scale MV reproduce several biological effects of L. reuteri cells and that the production parameters and selection of strain have an impact on the activity of the MV. This could potentially provide key information for development of innovative and more efficient probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Ermann Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Mata Forsberg
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anton Pallin
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nanoxis Consulting AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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Croatti V, Parolin C, Giordani B, Foschi C, Fedi S, Vitali B. Lactobacilli extracellular vesicles: potential postbiotics to support the vaginal microbiota homeostasis. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:237. [PMCID: PMC9664694 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lactobacillus species dominate the vaginal microflora performing a first-line defense against vaginal infections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by lactobacilli are considered mediators of their beneficial effects affecting cellular communication, homeostasis, microbial balance, and host immune system pathways. Up to now, very little is known about the role played by Lactobacillus EVs in the vaginal microenvironment, and mechanisms of action remain poorly understood.
Results
Here, we hypothesized that EVs can mediate lactobacilli beneficial effects to the host by modulating the vaginal microbiota colonization. We recovered and characterized EVs produced by two vaginal strains, namely Lactobacillus crispatus BC5 and Lactobacillus gasseri BC12. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and physically characterized by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). EVs protein and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) content was also evaluated. We explored the role of EVs on bacterial adhesion and colonization, using a cervical cell line (HeLa) as an in vitro model. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of EVs on the adhesion of both vaginal beneficial lactobacilli and opportunistic pathogens (i.e., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Enterococcus faecalis). We demonstrated that EVs from L. crispatus BC5 and L. gasseri BC12 significantly enhanced the cellular adhesion of all tested lactobacilli, reaching the maximum stimulation effect on strains belonging to L. crispatus species (335% and 269% of average adhesion, respectively). At the same time, EVs reduced the adhesion of all tested pathogens, being EVs from L. gasseri BC12 the most efficient.
Conclusions
Our observations suggest for the first time that EVs released by symbiotic Lactobacillus strains favor healthy vaginal homeostasis by supporting the colonization of beneficial species and preventing pathogens attachment. This study reinforces the concept of EVs as valid postbiotics and opens the perspective of developing postbiotics from vaginal strains to maintain microbiota homeostasis and promote women’s health.
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Jiang M, Wang Z, Xia F, Wen Z, Chen R, Zhu D, Wang M, Zhuge X, Dai J. Reductions in bacterial viability stimulate the production of Extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) cytoplasm-carrying Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010908. [PMID: 36260637 PMCID: PMC9621596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is defined as an extra-intestinal foodborne pathogen, and several dominant sequence types (STs) ExPEC isolates are highly virulent, with zoonotic potential. Bacteria extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry specific subsets of molecular cargo, which affect various biological processes in bacteria and host. The mechanisms of EVs formation in ExPEC remains to be elucidated. Here, the purified EVs of ExPEC strains of different STs were isolated with ultracentrifugation processes. A comparative analysis of the strain proteomes showed that cytoplasmic proteins accounted for a relatively high proportion of the proteins among ExPEC EVs. The proportion of cytoplasm-carrying vesicles in ExPEC EVs was calculated with a simple green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression method. The RecA/LexA-dependent SOS response is a critical mediator of generation of cytoplasm-carrying EVs. The SOS response activates the expression of prophage-associated endolysins, Epel1, Epel2.1, and Epel2.2, which triggered cell lysis, increasing the production of ExPEC cytoplasm-carrying EVs. The repressor LexA controlled directly the expression of these endolysins by binding to the SOS boxes in the endolysin promoter regions. Reducing bacterial viability stimulated the production of ExPEC EVs, especially cytoplasm-carrying EVs. The imbalance in cell division caused by exposure to H2O2, the deletion of ftsK genes, or t6A synthesis defects activated the RecA/LexA-dependent SOS response, inducing the expression of endolysins, and thus increasing the proportion of cytoplasm-carrying EVs in the total ExPEC EVs. Antibiotics, which decreased bacterial viability, also increase the production of ExPEC cytoplasm-carrying EVs through the SOS response. Changes in the proportion of cytoplasm-carrying EVs affected the total DNA content of ExPEC EVs. When macrophages are exposed to a higher proportion of cytoplasm-carrying vesicles, ExPEC EVs were more cytotoxic to macrophages, accompanied with more-severe mitochondrial disruption and a higher level of induced intrinsic apoptosis. In summary, we offered comprehensive insight into the proteome analysis of ExPEC EVs. This study demonstrated the novel formation mechanisms of E. coli cytoplasm-carrying EVs. Bacteria can release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular environment. Bacterial EVs are primarily composed of protein, DNA, RNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and diverse metabolite molecules. The molecular cargoes of EVs are critical for the interaction between microbes and their hosts, and affected various host biological processes. However, the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of bacterial EVs had not been fully clarified in extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). In this study, we demonstrated ExPEC EVs contained at least three types of vesicles, including outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), outer-inner membrane vesicles (OIMVs), and explosive outer membrane vesicles (EOMVs). Our results systematically identified important factors affecting the production of ExPEC cytoplasm-carrying EVs, especially EOMVs. A reduction in bacterial viability activated the RecA/LexA-dependent SOS response, inducing the expression of endolysins, which increased the production of ExPEC cytoplasm-carrying EVs. This increase in the proportion of cytoplasm-carrying EVs increased the cytotoxicity of EVs. It was noteworthy that antibiotics increased the production of ExPEC EVs, especially the numbers of cytoplasm-carrying EVs, which in turn increased EV cytotoxicity, suggesting that the treatment of infections of multidrug-resistant strains infection with antibiotics might cause greater host damage. Our study should improve the prevention and treatment of ExPEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fufang Xia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhe Wen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dongyu Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China,* E-mail: (XZ); (JD)
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,* E-mail: (XZ); (JD)
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Liu H, Zhang Q, Wang S, Weng W, Jing Y, Su J. Bacterial extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanocarriers for drug delivery: Advances and perspectives. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:169-181. [PMID: 35310361 PMCID: PMC8892084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria contain diverse cargo and transfer intercellular bioactive molecules to cells. Due to their favorable intercellular interactions, cell membrane-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have great potential to become novel drug delivery platforms. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis mechanism and compositions of various BEVs. In addition, an overview of effective isolation and purification techniques of BEVs is provided. In particular, we focus on the application of BEVs as bioactive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Finally, we summarize the advances and challenges of BEVs after providing a comprehensive discussion in each section. We believe that a deeper understanding of BEVs will open new avenues for their exploitation in drug delivery applications. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are excellent nanomaterials as drug delivery systems. The unique nanosized structures and biofunctions of BEVs are attractive for their use as nanomedicine platforms. BEVs have been investigated as biotherapeutics due to their loading capacity, ease of modification and industrialization. This review provides new insights of BEVs in drug delivery applications, discussing potential opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizong Weng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yingying Jing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Zhang Y, Li X, Tian H, An B, Yan B, Cai J. Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3Aa Is Transported via Membrane Vesicles in Bacillus thuringiensis BMB171. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070480. [PMID: 35878218 PMCID: PMC9319297 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa, secreted by many Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains during the vegetative growth stage, represents the second-generation insecticidal toxin. In recent years, significant progress has been made on its structure and action mechanism. However, how it is translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane into the environment remains a mystery. This work demonstrates that Vip3Aa is not secreted by the General Secretion (Sec) System. To reveal the secretory pathway of Vip3A, we purified the membrane vesicles (MVs) of B. thuringiensis BMB171 and observed by TEM. The size of MVs was determined by the dynamic light scattering method, and their diameter was approximately 40–200 nm, which is consistent with the vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, Vip3A could be detected in the purified MVs by Western blot, and immunoelectron microscopy reveals Vip3A antibody-coated gold particles located in the MVs. After deleting its signal peptide, chitinase B (ChiB) failed to be secreted. However, the recombinant ChiB, whose signal peptide was substituted with the N-terminal 39 amino acids from Vip3A, was secreted successfully through MVs. Thus, this sequence is proposed as the signal region responsible for vesicle transport. Together, our results revealed for the first time that Vip3Aa is transported to the medium via MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Hongwei Tian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Baoju An
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (B.A.); (B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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45
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de Jonge EF, Tommassen J. Conditional growth defect of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica ferric uptake regulator (fur) mutants. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6608281. [PMID: 35700015 PMCID: PMC9249403 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising tools in the development of novel vaccines against the respiratory pathogens Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Unfortunately, vesiculation by bordetellae is too low for cost-effective vaccine production. In other bacteria, iron limitation or inactivation of the fur gene has been shown to increase OMV production, presumably by downregulation of the mla genes, which encode machinery for maintenance of lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane. Here, we followed a similar approach in bordetellae. Whereas a fur mutant was readily obtained in B. bronchiseptica, a B. pertussis fur mutant could only be obtained in iron-deplete conditions, indicating that a fur mutation is conditionally lethal in this bacterium. The fur mutants displayed a growth defect in iron-replete media, presumably because constitutive expression of iron-uptake systems resulted in iron intoxication. Accordingly, expression of the Escherichia coli ferritin FtnA to sequester intracellularly accumulated iron rescued the growth of the mutants in these media. The fur mutations led to the constitutive expression of novel vaccine candidates, such as the TonB-dependent receptors FauA for the siderophore alcaligin and BhuR for heme. However, neither inactivation of fur nor growth under iron limitation improved vesiculation, presumably because the expression of the mla genes appeared unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline F de Jonge
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Tommassen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kunjantarachot A, Phanaksri T. Effective Platform for the Production of Recombinant Outer Membrane Vesicles in Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:621-629. [PMID: 32522965 PMCID: PMC9628879 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) typically contain multiple immunogenic molecules that include antigenic proteins, making them good candidates for vaccine development. In animal models, vaccination with OMVs has been shown to confer protective immune responses against many bacterial diseases. It is possible to genetically introduce heterologous protein antigens to the bacterial host that can then be produced and relocated to reside within the OMVs by means of the host secretion mechanisms. Accordingly, in this study we sought to develop a novel platform for recombinant OMV (rOMV) production in the widely used bacterial expression host species, Escherichia coli. Three different lipoprotein signal peptides including their Lol signals and tether sequences-from Neisseria meningitidis fHbp, Leptospira interrogans LipL32, and Campylobactor jejuni JlpA-were combined upstream to the GFPmut2 model protein, resulting in three recombinant plasmids. Pilot expression studies showed that the fusion between fHbp and GFPmut2 was the only promising construct; therefore, we used this construct for large-scale expression. After inducing recombinant protein expression, the nanovesicles were harvested from cell-free culture media by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the obtained rOMVs were closed, circular single-membrane particles, 20-200 nm in size. Western blotting confirmed the presence of GFPmut2 in the isolated vesicles. Collectively, although this is a non-optimized, proof-of-concept study, it demonstrates the feasibility of this platform in directing target proteins into the vesicles for OMV-based vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthicha Kunjantarachot
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand,Corresponding author Phone: +662-564 4440-9 Ext. 4453 Fax: +662-564-4440-9 E-mail:
| | - Teva Phanaksri
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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47
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Abdel Sater AH, Bouferraa Y, Amhaz G, Haibe Y, Lakkiss AE, Shamseddine A. From Tumor Cells to Endothelium and Gut Microbiome: A Complex Interaction Favoring the Metastasis Cascade. Front Oncol 2022; 12:804983. [PMID: 35600385 PMCID: PMC9117727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.804983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complicated process through which tumor cells disseminate to distant organs and adapt to novel tumor microenvironments. This multi-step cascade relies on the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations within the tumor cells as well as the surrounding non-tumor stromal cells. Endothelial cells constitute a major player in promoting metastasis formation either by inducing the growth of tumor cells or by directing them towards dissemination in the blood or lymph. In fact, the direct and indirect interactions between tumor and endothelial cells were shown to activate several mechanisms allowing cancer cells’ invasion and extravasation. On the other side, gastrointestinal cancer development was shown to be associated with the disruption of the gut microbiome. While several proposed mechanisms have been investigated in this regard, gut and tumor-associated microbiota were shown to impact the gut endothelial barrier, increasing the dissemination of bacteria through the systemic circulation. This bacterial dislocation allows the formation of an inflammatory premetastatic niche in the distant organs promoting the metastatic cascade of primary tumors. In this review, we discuss the role of the endothelial cells in the metastatic cascade of tumors. We will focus on the role of the gut vascular barrier in the regulation metastasis. We will also discuss the interaction between this vascular barrier and the gut microbiota enhancing the process of metastasis. In addition, we will try to elucidate the different mechanisms through which this bacterial dislocation prepares the favorable metastatic niche at distant organs allowing the dissemination and successful deposition of tumor cells in the new microenvironments. Finally, and given the promising results of the studies combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with either microbiota alterations or anti-angiogenic therapy in many types of cancer, we will elaborate in this review the complex interaction between these 3 factors and their possible therapeutic combination to optimize response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Abdel Sater
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Bouferraa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghid Amhaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yolla Haibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El Lakkiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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48
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Cai M, Pu B, Wang Y, Lv L, Jiang C, Fu X, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Dong K, Yang Y, Liu Y, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Guo X, Liu C, Qin J. A Plasmid With Conserved Phage Genes Helps Klebsiella pneumoniae Defend Against the Invasion of Transferable DNA Elements at the Cost of Reduced Virulence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:827545. [PMID: 35369446 PMCID: PMC8969562 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.827545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibits extensive phenotypic and genetic diversity. Higher plasmid loads in the cell were supposed to play an key role in its genome diversity. Although some plasmids are widely distributed in Kp populations, they are poorly recognized. A plasmid named p2 in strain Kp1604 was predicted to be an intact prophage like Salmonella phage SSU5. However, our study showed that p2 was specifically packaged into membrane vesicles (MVs) rather than phage particles triggered by mitomycin C and subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. p2-minus mutant Kp1604Δp2 did not affect MV production. Compared with Kp1604, the capacity of plasmid uptake and the amount of phage burst of Kp1604Δp2 were improved. Moreover, virulence of Kp1604Δp2 also increased. Our results indicated that p2 could contribute to the host defense against the invasion of transferable DNA elements at the cost of reduced virulence. Further study on the mechanism will help us understand how it provides adaptive phenotypes to host evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeng Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingchun Pu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Experiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangming Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalu Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyue Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Phage, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Liu,
| | - Jinhong Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Phage, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
- Jinhong Qin,
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49
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Huang W, Meng L, Chen Y, Dong Z, Peng Q. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as potential biological nanomaterials for antibacterial therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:102-115. [PMID: 34896632 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections. However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have compromised the efficacy of traditional antibiotic therapy. In this regard, it is of great importance and significance to develop more potent antimicrobial therapies, including the development of functionalized antibiotics delivery systems and antibiotics-independent antimicrobial agents. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), secreted by Gram-negative bacteria and with similar structure to cell-derived exosomes, are natural functional nanomaterials and known to play important roles in many bacterial life events, such as communication, biofilm formation and pathogenesis. Recently, more and more reports have demonstrated the use of OMVs as either active antibacterial agents or antibiotics delivery carriers, implying the great potentials of OMVs in antibacterial therapy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of OMV and its antibacterial applications, including its biogenesis, biofunctions, isolation, purification and its potentials in killing bacteria, delivering antibiotics and developing vaccine or immunoadjuvants. In addition, the concerns in clinical use of OMVs and the possible solutions are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to the failure of traditional antibiotic therapy, and thus become a big threat to human beings. In this regard, developing more potent antibacterial approaches is of great importance and significance. Recently, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are natural functional nanomaterials secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, have been used as active agents, drug carriers and vaccine adjuvant for antibacterial therapy. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of OMVs and summarizes the recent progress of OMVs in antibacterial applications. The concerns of OMVs in clinical use and the possible solutions are also discussed. As such, this review may guide the future works in antibacterial OMVs and appeal to both scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingxi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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50
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Commensal and Pathogenic Bacterial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Host-Bacterial and Interbacterial Dialogues: Two Sides of the Same Coin. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8092170. [PMID: 35224113 PMCID: PMC8872691 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) cause effective changes in various domains of life. These bioactive structures are essential to the bidirectional organ communication. Recently, increasing research attention has been paid to EVs derived from commensal and pathogenic bacteria in their potential role to affect human disease risk for cancers and a variety of metabolic, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and mental disorders. The present review presents an overview of both the protective and harmful roles of commensal and pathogenic bacteria-derived EVs in host-bacterial and interbacterial interactions. Bacterial EVs could impact upon human health by regulating microbiota–host crosstalk intestinal homeostasis, even in distal organs. The importance of vesicles derived from bacteria has been also evaluated regarding epigenetic modifications and applications. Generally, the evaluation of bacterial EVs is important towards finding efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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