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Saldanha S, Cox SL, Militão T, González-Solís J. Animal behaviour on the move: the use of auxiliary information and semi-supervision to improve behavioural inferences from Hidden Markov Models applied to GPS tracking datasets. Mov Ecol 2023; 11:41. [PMID: 37488611 PMCID: PMC10367325 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND State-space models, such as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), are increasingly used to classify animal tracks into behavioural states. Typically, step length and turning angles of successive locations are used to infer where and when an animal is resting, foraging, or travelling. However, the accuracy of behavioural classifications is seldom validated, which may badly contaminate posterior analyses. In general, models appear to efficiently infer behaviour in species with discrete foraging and travelling areas, but classification is challenging for species foraging opportunistically across homogenous environments, such as tropical seas. Here, we use a subset of GPS loggers deployed simultaneously with wet-dry data from geolocators, activity measurements from accelerometers, and dive events from Time Depth Recorders (TDR), to improve the classification of HMMs of a large GPS tracking dataset (478 deployments) of red-billed tropicbirds (Phaethon aethereus), a poorly studied pantropical seabird. METHODS We classified a subset of fixes as either resting, foraging or travelling based on the three auxiliary sensors and evaluated the increase in overall accuracy, sensitivity (true positive rate), specificity (true negative rate) and precision (positive predictive value) of the models in relation to the increasing inclusion of fixes with known behaviours. RESULTS We demonstrate that even with a small informed sub-dataset (representing only 9% of the full dataset), we can significantly improve the overall behavioural classification of these models, increasing model accuracy from 0.77 ± 0.01 to 0.85 ± 0.01 (mean ± sd). Despite overall improvements, the sensitivity and precision of foraging behaviour remained low (reaching 0.37 ± 0.06, and 0.06 ± 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the use of a small subset of auxiliary data with known behaviours can both validate and notably improve behavioural classifications of state space models of opportunistic foragers. However, the improvement is state-dependant and caution should be taken when interpreting inferences of foraging behaviour from GPS data in species foraging on the go across homogenous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saldanha
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
| | - Sam L Cox
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, 31400, France
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sète, France
- MaREI Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Teresa Militão
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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Santos SH, Martins BS, Ramos JA, Pereira JM, Almeida N, Gonçalves AMM, Matos DM, Norte AC, Rodrigues IF, Dos Santos I, Araújo PM, Paiva VH. Omega-3 enriched chick diet reduces the foraging areas of breeders in two closely related shearwaters from contrasting marine environments. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb244690. [PMID: 37326253 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds have evolved several life-history characteristics to help buffer environmental stochasticity. However, particularly during the breeding season, seabirds may be affected by reductions in prey availability and localised oceanographic conditions caused by variations in the environment. The increase in sea surface temperature, triggered by accelerated global warming, is impairing phytoplankton production of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs). Here, we assessed the ecological role of omega-3 FAs on chick development and subsequently on breeder foraging behaviour in two closely related shearwater species foraging in contrasting marine environments. We supplemented chicks with omega-3 FA pills or with control placebo pills and monitored chick growth, chick health status and breeder at-sea foraging behaviour using global positioning system devices. We found that omega-3 chick supplementation reduced the 95% kernel utilization distribution of short trips of Cape Verde shearwaters, but overall, breeders kept a similar foraging pattern between treatments, potentially influenced by predictable prey patches off the West African coast. In contrast, for Cory's shearwaters, the parents of the omega-3 group greatly reduced the foraging effort. This suggests that the proximity to productive prey patches around the colony may help birds to adjust their effort and, therefore, energy expenditure, to changes in the development of their offspring, as driven by their nutritional status. Overall, our results suggest a link between a chick diet enriched in omega-3 FAs and parental foraging effort, providing insight into their ability to cope with a changing and increasingly stochastic marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Santos
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz S Martins
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Pereira
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Almeida
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Biosfera Cabo Verde, Sul do Cemitério, Rua 5 - Caixa Postal 233-000, São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana M Matos
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Norte
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel F Rodrigues
- Biosfera Cabo Verde, Sul do Cemitério, Rua 5 - Caixa Postal 233-000, São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| | - Ivo Dos Santos
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Araújo
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Vitor H Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sarzo B, Martínez-Minaya J, Pennino MG, Conesa D, Coll M. Modelling seabirds biodiversity through Bayesian Spatial Beta regression models: A proxy to inform marine protected areas in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Environ Res 2023; 185:105860. [PMID: 36680810 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds are bioindicators of marine ecosystems health and one of the world's most endangered avian groups. The creation of marine protected areas plays an important role in the conservation of marine environment and its biodiversity. The distributions of top predators, as seabirds, have been commonly used for the management and creation of these figures of protection. The main objective of this study is to investigate seabirds biodiversity distribution in the Mediterranean Sea through the use of Bayesian spatial Beta regression models. We used an extensive historical database of at-sea locations of 19 different seabird species as well as geophysical, climatology variables and cumulative anthropogenic threats to model species biodiversity. We found negative associations between seabirds biodiversity and distance to the coast as well as concavity of the seabed, and positive with chlorophyll and slope. Further, a positive association was found between seabirds biodiversity and coastal impact. In this study we define as hot spot of seabird biodiversity those areas with a posterior predictive mean over 0.50. We found potential hot spots in the Mediterranean Sea which do not overlap with the existing MPASs and marine IBAs. Specifically, our hot spots areas do not overlap with the 52.04% and 16.87% of the current MPAs and marine IBAs, respectively. Overall, our study highlights the need for the extension of spatial prioritization of conservation areas to seabirds biodiversity, addressing the challenges of establishing transboundary governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Sarzo
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain; School of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Joaquín Martínez-Minaya
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operational Research, and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
| | - Maria Grazia Pennino
- Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO, CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Madrid, 28002, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Conesa
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Burjasot, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) and Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
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Lamb JS, Loring PH, Paton PWC. Distributing transmitters to maximize population-level representativeness in automated radio telemetry studies of animal movement. Mov Ecol 2023; 11:1. [PMID: 36600306 PMCID: PMC9814390 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Telemetry is a powerful and indispensable tool for evaluating wildlife movement and distribution patterns, particularly in systems where opportunities for direct observation are limited. However, the effort and expense required to track individuals often results in small sample sizes, which can lead to biased results if the sample of tracked individuals does not fully capture spatial, temporal, and individual variability within the target population. To better understand the influence of sampling design on results of automated radio telemetry studies, we conducted a retrospective power analysis of very high frequency (VHF) radio telemetry data from the Motus Wildlife Tracking System for two species of birds along the United States Atlantic coast: a shorebird, the piping plover (Charadrius melodus), and a nearshore seabird, the common tern (Sterna hirundo). We found that ~ 100-150 tracked individuals were required to identify 90% of locations known to be used by the tracked population, with 40-50 additional individuals required to include 95% of used locations. For any number of individuals, the percentage of stations included in the sample was higher for common terns than for piping plovers when tags were deployed within a single site and year. Percentages of stations included increased for piping plovers when birds were tagged over multiple sites and, to a lesser extent, years, and increased with average length of the tracking period. The probability that any given receiver station used by the population would be included in a subsample increased with the number of birds tracked, station proximity to a migratory stopover or staging site, number of receiving antennas per station, and percentage of the tracked population present. Our results provide general guidance for the number and distribution of tagged birds required to obtain representative VHF telemetry data, while also highlighting the importance of accounting for station network configuration and species-specific differences in behavior when designing automated radio telemetry studies to address specific research questions. Our results have broad applications to remotely track movements of small-bodied migratory wildlife in inaccessible habitats, including predicting and monitoring effects of offshore wind energy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet S Lamb
- New York Division, The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Pamela H Loring
- Division of Migratory Birds, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, North Atlantic-Appalachian Region, Charlestown, RI, USA
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Cruz-Flores M, Pradel R, Bried J, Militão T, Neves VC, González-Solís J, Ramos R. Will climate change affect the survival of tropical and subtropical species? Predictions based on Bulwer's petrel populations in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157352. [PMID: 35843319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has repeatedly been shown to impact the demography and survival of marine top predators. However, most evidence comes from single populations of widely distributed species, limited mainly to polar and subpolar environments. Here, we aimed to evaluate the influence of environmental conditions on the survival of a tropical and migratory seabird over the course of its annual cycle. We used capture-mark-recapture data from three populations of Bulwer's petrel (Bulweria bulwerii) spread across the NE Atlantic Ocean, from the Azores, Canary, and Cabo Verde Islands (including temperate to tropical zones). We also inferred how the survival of this seabird might be affected under different climatic scenarios, defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Among the environmental variables whose effect we evaluated (North Atlantic Oscillation index, Southern Oscillation Index, Sea Surface Temperature [SST] and wind speed), SST estimated for the breeding area and season was the variable with the greatest influence on adult survival. Negative effects of SST increase emerged across the three populations, most likely through indirect trophic web interactions. Unfortunately, our study also shows that the survival of Bulwer's petrel will be profoundly affected by the different scenarios of climate change, even with the most optimistic trajectory involving the lowest greenhouse gas emission. Furthermore, for the first time, our study predicts stronger impacts of climate change on tropical populations than on subtropical and temperate ones. This result highlights the devastating effect that climate change may also have on tropical areas, and the importance of considering multi-population approaches when evaluating its impacts which may differ across species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cruz-Flores
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, FR-17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Roger Pradel
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Bried
- Ocean Sciences Institute - Okeanos, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal; 8 avenue de la reine Nathalie, 64200 Biarritz, France
| | - Teresa Militão
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica C Neves
- Ocean Sciences Institute - Okeanos, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raül Ramos
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Morera‐Pujol V, Catry P, Magalhães M, Péron C, Reyes‐González JM, Granadeiro JP, Militão T, Dias MP, Oro D, Dell'Omo G, Müller M, Paiva VH, Metzger B, Neves V, Navarro J, Karris G, Xirouchakis S, Cecere JG, Zamora‐López A, Forero MG, Ouni R, Romdhane MS, De Felipe F, Zajková Z, Cruz‐Flores M, Grémillet D, González‐Solís J, Ramos R. Methods to detect spatial biases in tracking studies caused by differential representativeness of individuals, populations and time. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Morera‐Pujol
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA‐Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maria Magalhães
- Regional Secretariat for the Sea, Science and Technology Regional Directorate for Sea Affairs (DRAM) Horta Portugal
| | - Clara Péron
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA Paris France
| | - José Manuel Reyes‐González
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - José Pedro Granadeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, CESAM, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Teresa Militão
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria P. Dias
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE (Global Change and Sustainability Institute). Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Daniel Oro
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC) Blanes Spain
- IMEDEA (CSIC‐UIB) Esporles Spain
| | | | - Martina Müller
- Department of Natural Resources Science University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Vitor H. Paiva
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET ‐ Aquatic Research Network University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | | | - Verónica Neves
- Institute of Marine Sciences ‐ Okeanos University of the Azores Horta Portugal
| | - Joan Navarro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar CSIC Barcelona Spain
| | - Georgios Karris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment Ionian University Zakinthos Greece
| | - Stavros Xirouchakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, University Campus (Knossos). School of Sciences & Engineering University of Crete Crete Greece
| | - Jacopo G. Cecere
- Area per l'Avifauna Migratrice (BIO‐AVM) Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA) Ozzano Emilia Italy
| | - Antonio Zamora‐López
- Southeast Naturalists Association (ANSE) Murcia Spain
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus Murcia Spain
| | | | - Ridha Ouni
- Faculté des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles de Tunis (FST), Université de Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | | | - Fernanda De Felipe
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Zuzana Zajková
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC) Blanes Spain
| | - Marta Cruz‐Flores
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Université La Rochelle Montpellier France
- Percy Fitzpatrick Institute of African Ornithology NRF‐DST Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Jacob González‐Solís
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Raül Ramos
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Barcelona Spain
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Carpenter-Kling T, de Blocq A, Hagen C, Harding C, Morris T, Pichegru L, Roberts J, Ryan PG, Wanless RM, McInnes A. Important marine areas for endangered African penguins before and after the crucial stage of moulting. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9489. [PMID: 35676286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of the Endangered African penguin Spheniscus demersus has decreased by > 65% in the last 20 years. A major driver of this decrease has been the reduced availability of their principal prey, sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus. To date, conservation efforts to improve prey availability have focused on spatial management strategies to reduce resource competition with purse-seine fisheries during the breeding season. However, penguins also undergo an annual catastrophic moult when they are unable to feed for several weeks. Before moulting they must accumulate sufficient energy stores to survive this critical life-history stage. Using GPS tracking data collected between 2012 and 2019, we identify important foraging areas for pre- and post-moult African penguins at three of their major colonies in South Africa: Dassen Island and Stony Point (Western Cape) and Bird Island (Eastern Cape). The foraging ranges of pre- and post-moult adult African penguins (c. 600 km from colony) was far greater than that previously observed for breeding penguins (c. 50 km from colony) and varied considerably between sites, years and pre- and post-moult stages. Despite their more extensive range during the non-breeding season, waters within 20 and 50 km of their breeding colonies were used intensively and represent important foraging areas to pre- and post-moult penguins. Furthermore, penguins in the Western Cape travelled significantly further than those in the Eastern Cape which is likely a reflection of the poor prey availability along the west coast of South Africa. Our findings identify important marine areas for pre- and post-moult African penguins and support for the expansion of fisheries-related spatio-temporal management strategies to help conserve African penguins outside the breeding season.
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Oosthuizen WC, Pistorius PA, Korczak‐Abshire M, Hinke JT, Santos M, Lowther AD. The foraging behavior of nonbreeding Adélie penguins in the western Antarctic Peninsula during the breeding season. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Chris Oosthuizen
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Pierre A. Pistorius
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | | | - Jefferson T. Hinke
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration La Jolla California USA
| | - Mercedes Santos
- Departamento Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico Argentino Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratorios Anexos Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Andrew D. Lowther
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Research Department Fram Centre Tromsø Norway
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9
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Iorio-Merlo V, Graham IM, Hewitt RC, Aarts G, Pirotta E, Hastie GD, Thompson PM. Prey encounters and spatial memory influence use of foraging patches in a marine central place forager. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212261. [PMID: 35232237 PMCID: PMC8889173 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the patchiness and long-term predictability of marine resources, memory of high-quality foraging grounds is expected to provide fitness advantages for central place foragers. However, it remains challenging to characterize how marine predators integrate memory with recent prey encounters to adjust fine-scale movement and use of foraging patches. Here, we used two months of movement data from harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) to quantify the repeatability in foraging patches as a proxy for memory. We then integrated these data into analyses of fine-scale movement and underwater behaviour to test how both spatial memory and prey encounter rates influenced the seals' area-restricted search (ARS) behaviour. Specifically, we used one month's GPS data from 29 individuals to build spatial memory maps of searched areas and archived accelerometery data from a subset of five individuals to detect prey catch attempts, a proxy for prey encounters. Individuals were highly consistent in the areas they visited over two consecutive months. Hidden Markov models showed that both spatial memory and prey encounters increased the probability of seals initiating ARS. These results provide evidence that predators use memory to adjust their fine-scale movement, and this ability should be accounted for in movement models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Iorio-Merlo
- School of Biological Sciences, Lighthouse Field Station, University of Aberdeen, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YJ, UK
| | - Isla M Graham
- School of Biological Sciences, Lighthouse Field Station, University of Aberdeen, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YJ, UK
| | - Rebecca C Hewitt
- School of Biological Sciences, Lighthouse Field Station, University of Aberdeen, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YJ, UK
| | - Geert Aarts
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group and Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG Den Helder, The Netherlands.,Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Pirotta
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9LZ, UK.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gordon D Hastie
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Paul M Thompson
- School of Biological Sciences, Lighthouse Field Station, University of Aberdeen, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YJ, UK
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10
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Pereira JM, Ramos JA, Almeida N, Araújo PM, Ceia FR, Geraldes P, Marques AM, Matos DM, Rodrigues I, Dos Santos I, Paiva VH. Foraging costs drive within-colony spatial segregation in shearwaters from two contrasting environments in the North Atlantic Ocean. Oecologia 2022; 199:13-26. [PMID: 35044501 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Foraging spatial segregation is frequent in central-place foragers during the breeding season, but very few studies have investigated foraging spatial segregation between adjacent sub-colonies. Here, we assessed for within-colony differences in the at-sea distribution, habitat use, trophic ecology and chick growth data of two Calonectris colonies differing in size, and breeding in two different environments in the North Atlantic Ocean. For this, we GPS tracked 52 Cory's shearwaters (Calonectris borealis) breeding in 2 small sub-colonies at Berlenga Island (Portugal) and 59 Cape Verde shearwaters (Calonectris edwardsii) breeding in 2 sub-colonies differing greatly in size at Raso Islet (Cabo Verde), over 2 consecutive breeding seasons (2017-2018), during chick-rearing. Cory's shearwaters from the two sub-colonies at Berlenga Island broadly overlapped in repeatedly used foraging patches close to the colony. In contrast, the foraging distribution of Cape Verde shearwaters was partially segregated in the colony surroundings, but overlapped at distant foraging areas off the west coast of Africa. Despite spatial segregation close to the colony, Cape Verde shearwaters from both sub-colonies departed in similar directions, foraged in similar habitats and exhibited mostly short trips within the archipelago of Cabo Verde. These results, corroborated with similar trophic ecology and chick growth rates between sub-colonies, support the idea that foraging spatial segregation in the colony surroundings was not likely driven by interference competition or directional bias. We suggest that high-quality prey patches are able to shape travel costs and foraging distribution of central-place foragers from neighbouring sub-colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Almeida
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biosfera Cabo Verde, Rua de Moçambique 28, Mindelo, Caixa Postal 233, São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| | - Pedro M Araújo
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Filipe R Ceia
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- SPEA-Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves, Av. Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, 87, 3º Andar, 1070-062, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Marques
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana M Matos
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rodrigues
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biosfera Cabo Verde, Rua de Moçambique 28, Mindelo, Caixa Postal 233, São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| | - Ivo Dos Santos
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vitor H Paiva
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Baylis AMM, de Lecea AM, Tierney M, Orben RA, Ratcliffe N, Wakefield E, Catry P, Campioni L, Costa M, Boersma PD, Galimberti F, Granadeiro JP, Masello JF, Pütz K, Quillfeldt P, Rebstock GA, Sanvito S, Staniland IJ, Brickle P. Overlap between marine predators and proposed Marine Managed Areas on the Patagonian Shelf. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02426. [PMID: 34309955 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Static (fixed-boundary) protected areas are key ocean conservation strategies, and marine higher predator distribution data can play a leading role toward identifying areas for conservation action. The Falkland Islands are a globally significant site for colonial breeding marine higher predators (i.e., seabirds and pinnipeds). However, overlap between marine predators and Falkland Islands proposed Marine Managed Areas (MMAs) has not been quantified. Hence, to provide information required to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of proposed MMAs, our aims were to objectively assess how the proposed MMA network overlaps with contemporary estimates of marine predator distribution. We collated tracking data (1999-2019) and used a combination of kernel density estimation and model-based predictions of spatial usage to quantify overlap between colonial breeding marine predators and proposed Falkland Islands MMAs. We also identified potential IUCN Key Biodiversity Areas (pKBAs) using (1) kernel density based methods originally designed to identify Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) and (2) habitat preference models. The proposed inshore MMA, which extends three nautical miles from the Falkland Islands, overlapped extensively with areas used by colonial breeding marine predators. This reflects breeding colonies being distributed throughout the Falklands archipelago, and use being high adjacent to colonies due to central-place foraging constraints. Up to 45% of pKBAs identified via kernel density estimation were located within the proposed MMAs. In particular, the proposed Jason Islands Group MMA overlapped with pKBAs for three marine predator species, suggesting it is a KBA hot spot. However, tracking data coverage was incomplete, which biased pKBAs identified using kernel density methods, to colonies tracked. Moreover, delineation of pKBA boundaries were sensitive to the choice of smoothing parameter used in kernel density estimation. Delineation based on habitat model predictions for both sampled and unsampled colonies provided less biased estimates, and revealed 72% of the Falkland Islands Conservation Zone was likely a KBA. However, it may not be practical to consider such a large area for fixed-boundary management. In the context of wide-ranging marine predators, emerging approaches such as dynamic ocean management could complement static management frameworks such as MMAs, and provide protection at relevant spatiotemporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair M M Baylis
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Ander M de Lecea
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Megan Tierney
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, PE1 1JY, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael A Orben
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, 97365, USA
| | | | - Ewan Wakefield
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Letizia Campioni
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marina Costa
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands
| | - P Dee Boersma
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | | | - José P Granadeiro
- Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juan F Masello
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klemens Pütz
- Antarctic Research Trust, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
| | - Petra Quillfeldt
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ginger A Rebstock
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Simona Sanvito
- Elephant Seal Research Group, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands
| | | | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, FIQQ1ZZ, Falkland Islands
- School of Biological Science (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Bertrand P, Bêty J, Yoccoz NG, Fortin MJ, Strøm H, Steen H, Kohler J, Harris SM, Patrick SC, Chastel O, Blévin P, Hop H, Moholdt G, Maton J, Descamps S. Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22109. [PMID: 34764330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers.
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13
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Beal M, Oppel S, Handley J, Pearmain EJ, Morera‐Pujol V, Carneiro APB, Davies TE, Phillips RA, Taylor PR, Miller MGR, Franco AMA, Catry I, Patrício AR, Regalla A, Staniland I, Boyd C, Catry P, Dias MP. track2KBA: An R package for identifying important sites for biodiversity from tracking data. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beal
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA ‐ Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
- BirdLife International Cambridge UK
| | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceRoyal Society for the Protection of Birds Cambridge UK
| | | | | | - Virginia Morera‐Pujol
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Department de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA)Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark G. R. Miller
- School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | - Inês Catry
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Laboratório Associado Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana R. Patrício
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA ‐ Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Aissa Regalla
- Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Áreas Protegidas Bissau Guinea‐Bissau
| | - Iain Staniland
- British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge UK
| | - Charlotte Boyd
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA ‐ Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maria P. Dias
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA ‐ Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
- BirdLife International Cambridge UK
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14
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Halpin LR, Ross JD, Ramos R, Mott R, Carlile N, Golding N, Reyes‐González JM, Militão T, De Felipe F, Zajková Z, Cruz‐Flores M, Saldanha S, Morera‐Pujol V, Navarro‐Herrero L, Zango L, González‐Solís J, Clarke RH. Double‐tagging scores of seabirds reveals that light‐level geolocator accuracy is limited by species idiosyncrasies and equatorial solar profiles. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Halpin
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
- Halpin Wildlife Research Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jeremy D. Ross
- Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Raül Ramos
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rowan Mott
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Nicholas Carlile
- Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Hurstville NSW Australia
| | - Nick Golding
- School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - José Manuel Reyes‐González
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Teresa Militão
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernanda De Felipe
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Zuzana Zajková
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Cruz‐Flores
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Sarah Saldanha
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Virginia Morera‐Pujol
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Leia Navarro‐Herrero
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Zango
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Jacob González‐Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Rohan H. Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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15
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Davies TE, Carneiro AP, Tarzia M, Wakefield E, Hennicke JC, Frederiksen M, Hansen ES, Campos B, Hazin C, Lascelles B, Anker‐Nilssen T, Arnardóttir H, Barrett RT, Biscoito M, Bollache L, Boulinier T, Catry P, Ceia FR, Chastel O, Christensen‐Dalsgaard S, Cruz‐Flores M, Danielsen J, Daunt F, Dunn E, Egevang C, Fagundes AI, Fayet AL, Fort J, Furness RW, Gilg O, González‐Solís J, Granadeiro JP, Grémillet D, Guilford T, Hanssen SA, Harris MP, Hedd A, Huffeldt NP, Jessopp M, Kolbeinsson Y, Krietsch J, Lang J, Linnebjerg JF, Lorentsen S, Madeiros J, Magnusdottir E, Mallory ML, McFarlane Tranquilla L, Merkel FR, Militão T, Moe B, Montevecchi WA, Morera‐Pujol V, Mosbech A, Neves V, Newell MA, Olsen B, Paiva VH, Peter H, Petersen A, Phillips RA, Ramírez I, Ramos JA, Ramos R, Ronconi RA, Ryan PG, Schmidt NM, Sigurðsson IA, Sittler B, Steen H, Stenhouse IJ, Strøm H, Systad GHR, Thompson P, Thórarinsson TL, Bemmelen RS, Wanless S, Zino F, Dias MP. Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewan Wakefield
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow U.K
| | | | | | | | - Bruna Campos
- EuroNatur Foundation Radolfzell Germany
- Stichting BirdLife Europe Brussels Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Loïc Bollache
- UMR 6249 Chrono‐environnement Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Besançon France
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique Francheville France
| | - Thierry Boulinier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CNRS ‐ Université de Montpellier ‐ Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier – EPHE Montpellier France
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA ‐ Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
| | - Filipe R. Ceia
- University of Coimbra, MARE‐Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Dep. Life Sciences Coimbra Portugal
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR 7372 CNRS‐La Rochelle Université Villiers‐en‐bois France
| | | | - Marta Cruz‐Flores
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS‐La Rochelle Université La Rochelle France
| | - Robert W. Furness
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow U.K
| | - Olivier Gilg
- UMR 6249 Chrono‐environnement Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Besançon France
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique Francheville France
| | - Jacob González‐Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR 7372 CNRS‐La Rochelle Université Villiers‐en‐bois France
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Rondebosch South Africa
| | | | | | | | - April Hedd
- Wildlife Research Division Environment and Climate Change Mount Pearl NL Canada
| | - Nicholas Per Huffeldt
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources Nuuk Greenland
| | - Mark Jessopp
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Ireland
| | | | - Johannes Krietsch
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Ecology and Evolution Jena Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics Seewiesen Germany
| | - Johannes Lang
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique Francheville France
- Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen, Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish Working Group for Wildlife Research Giessen Germany
| | | | | | - Jeremy Madeiros
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Bermuda Paget Bermuda
| | | | | | | | - Flemming R. Merkel
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources Nuuk Greenland
| | - Teresa Militão
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Virginia Morera‐Pujol
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
| | - Verónica Neves
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, IMAR & Okeanos Horta Portugal
| | | | - Bergur Olsen
- Faroe Marine Research Institute Tórshavn Faroe Islands
| | - Vitor H. Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE‐Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Dep. Life Sciences Coimbra Portugal
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Peter
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Ecology and Evolution Jena Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jaime A. Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE‐Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Dep. Life Sciences Coimbra Portugal
| | - Raül Ramos
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Robert A. Ronconi
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada Dartmouth NS Canada
| | - Peter G. Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Rondebosch South Africa
| | | | | | - Benoît Sittler
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique Francheville France
- University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Thompson
- Lighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Cromarty U.K
| | - Thorkell L. Thórarinsson
- Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre Húsavík Iceland
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History Garðabær Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Maria P. Dias
- BirdLife International Cambridge U.K
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA ‐ Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
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16
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Weber SB, Richardson AJ, Brown J, Bolton M, Clark BL, Godley BJ, Leat E, Oppel S, Shearer L, Soetaert KER, Weber N, Broderick AC. Direct evidence of a prey depletion "halo" surrounding a pelagic predator colony. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101325118. [PMID: 34260406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101325118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonially breeding birds and mammals form some of the largest gatherings of apex predators in the natural world and have provided model systems for studying mechanisms of population regulation in animals. According to one influential hypothesis, intense competition for food among large numbers of spatially constrained foragers should result in a zone of prey depletion surrounding such colonies, ultimately limiting their size. However, while indirect and theoretical support for this phenomenon, known as "Ashmole's halo," has steadily accumulated, direct evidence remains exceptionally scarce. Using a combination of vessel-based surveys and Global Positioning System tracking, we show that pelagic seabirds breeding at the tropical island that first inspired Ashmole's hypothesis do indeed deplete their primary prey species (flying fish; Exocoetidae spp.) over a considerable area, with reduced prey density detectable >150 km from the colony. The observed prey gradient was mirrored by an opposing trend in seabird foraging effort, could not be explained by confounding environmental variability, and can be approximated using a mechanistic consumption-dispersion model, incorporating realistic rates of seabird predation and random prey dispersal. Our results provide a rare view of the resource footprint of a pelagic seabird colony and reveal how aggregations of these central-place foraging, marine top predators profoundly influence the oceans that surround them.
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17
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Orgeret F, Reisinger RR, Carpenter-Kling T, Keys DZ, Corbeau A, Bost CA, Weimerskirch H, Pistorius PA. Spatial segregation in a sexually dimorphic central place forager: Competitive exclusion or niche divergence? J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2404-2420. [PMID: 34091891 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sexual competition is increasingly recognized as an important selective pressure driving species distributions. However, few studies have investigated the relative importance of interpopulation versus intrapopulation competition in relation to habitat availability and selection. To explain spatial segregation between sexes that often occurs in non-territorial and central place foragers, such as seabirds, two hypotheses are commonly used. The 'competitive exclusion' hypothesis states that dominant individuals should exclude subordinate individuals through direct competition, whereas the 'niche divergence' hypothesis states that segregation occurs due to past competition and habitat specialization. We tested these hypotheses in two populations of an extreme wide-ranging and sexually dimorphic seabird, investigating the relative role of intrapopulation and interpopulation competition in influencing sex-specific distribution and habitat preferences. Using GPS loggers, we tracked 192 wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans during four consecutive years (2016-2019), from two neighbouring populations in the Southern Ocean (Prince Edward and Crozet archipelagos). We simulated pseudo-tracks to create a null spatial distribution and used Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) and Resource Selection Functions (RSF) to distinguish the relative importance of within- versus between-population competition. Kernel Density Estimates showed that only intrapopulation sexual segregation was significant for each monitoring year, and that tracks between the two colonies resulted in greater overlap than expected from the null distribution, especially for the females. RSF confirmed these results and highlighted key at-sea foraging areas, even if the estimated of at-sea densities were extremely low. These differences in selected areas between sites and sexes were, however, associated with high interannual variability in habitat preferences, with no clear specific preferences per site and sex. Our results suggest that even with low at-sea population densities, historic intrapopulation competition in wide-ranging seabirds may have led to sexual dimorphism and niche specialization, favouring the 'niche divergence' hypothesis. In this study, we provide a protocol to study competition within as well as between populations of central place foragers. This is relevant for understanding their distribution patterns and population regulation, which could potentially improve management of threatened populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Orgeret
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Ryan R Reisinger
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Tegan Carpenter-Kling
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick, Institute of African Ornithology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Danielle Z Keys
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Alexandre Corbeau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Charles-André Bost
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Pierre A Pistorius
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU), Department of Zoology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick, Institute of African Ornithology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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18
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Mott R, Herrod A, Clarke RH. Transboundary priorities for protection of frigatebird non-breeding habitat in a heavily impacted region. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bernard
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
- Sustainability Research Unit Nelson Mandela University (NMU) George South Africa
- CNRS UMR 5558, LBBE Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne Cedex France
- REHABS, CNRS‐Université Lyon 1‐NMU, International Research Laboratory George South Africa
| | | | - Victor Cazalis
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Puschstr. 4 Leipzig Germany
- Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR 7372 CNRS – La Rochelle Université Villiers‐en‐Bois France
- FitzPatrick Institute DST/NRF Excellence Centre at the University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
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20
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Patrício AR, Hawkes LA, Monsinjon JR, Godley BJ, Fuentes MMPB. Climate change and marine turtles: recent advances and future directions. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a threat to marine turtles that is expected to affect all of their life stages. To guide future research, we conducted a review of the most recent literature on this topic, highlighting knowledge gains and research gaps since a similar previous review in 2009. Most research has been focussed on the terrestrial life history phase, where expected impacts will range from habitat loss and decreased reproductive success to feminization of populations, but changes in reproductive periodicity, shifts in latitudinal ranges, and changes in foraging success are all expected in the marine life history phase. Models have been proposed to improve estimates of primary sex ratios, while technological advances promise a better understanding of how climate can influence different life stages and habitats. We suggest a number of research priorities for an improved understanding of how climate change may impact marine turtles, including: improved estimates of primary sex ratios, assessments of the implications of female-biased sex ratios and reduced male production, assessments of the variability in upper thermal limits of clutches, models of beach sediment movement under sea level rise, and assessments of impacts on foraging grounds. Lastly, we suggest that it is not yet possible to recommend manipulating aspects of turtle nesting ecology, as the evidence base with which to understand the results of such interventions is not robust enough, but that strategies for mitigation of stressors should be helpful, providing they consider the synergistic effects of climate change and other anthropogenic-induced threats to marine turtles, and focus on increasing resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- AR Patrício
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - LA Hawkes
- Hatherley Laboratories, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - JR Monsinjon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa
| | - BJ Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - MMPB Fuentes
- Marine Turtle Research, Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Hui
- Engineers for Exploration UC San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Eric K. Lo
- Engineers for Exploration UC San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Jen B. Moss
- Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi USA
- School of Zoology University of Tasmania Hobart Australia
| | - Glenn P. Gerber
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Beckman Center for Conservation Research Escondido California USA
| | - Mark E. Welch
- Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - Ryan Kastner
- Engineers for Exploration, Computer Science and Engineering UC San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Curt Schurgers
- Engineers for Exploration, Electrical and Computer Engineering UC San Diego La Jolla California USA
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Cleasby IR, Morrissey BJ, Bolton M, Owen E, Wilson L, Wischnewski S, Nakagawa S. What is our power to detect device effects in animal tracking studies? Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Cleasby
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceNorth Scotland Regional Office Inverness UK
| | - Barbara J. Morrissey
- Rivers and Lochs Institute Inverness CollegeUniversity of the Highlands and Islands Inverness UK
| | - Mark Bolton
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Sandy Bedfordshire UK
| | - Ellie Owen
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceNorth Scotland Regional Office Inverness UK
| | - Linda Wilson
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceNorth Scotland Regional Office Inverness UK
| | | | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
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Pratte I, Ronconi RA, Craik SR, McKnight J. Spatial ecology of endangered roseate terns and foraging habitat suitability around a colony in the western North Atlantic. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting habitat suitability and understanding habitat utilization are important to inform and orient conservation and management decisions for the recovery of endangered species. In North America, the roseate tern Sterna dougallii is listed as endangered in both the northeastern USA and Canada, where little is known about the foraging spatial ecology of the species. We equipped breeding roseate terns with miniature GPS tracking devices during incubation at North Brother Island, the main Canadian colony. Our aim was to characterize the spatial foraging ecology of the species, identify marine zones of importance, and develop a habitat suitability model around the colony. Our results provide novel, high resolution information on individual foraging trips, notably showing that individuals restricted their range around the colony (15.4 km) while performing multiple foraging trips: up to 11 daytime trips and a maximum total of 152.9 km travelled per day. Roseate terns concentrated their foraging effort around the colony and further south along the coast to the Cockerwit Passage. Using distance from colony, sea surface temperature, distance from land, bathymetry, and subtidal substrate type as covariates in a habitat suitability model, a high proportion of the deviance was explained (72.4%); the model also predicted high occurrence of foraging near the colony, in Cockerwit Passage, and at additional sites to which the birds were not tracked. Along with the description of important marine areas for roseate terns nesting on North Brother Island, this habitat suitability model provides a relevant and essential context for understanding roseate tern habitat use in a broad sense, but with a focus on habitat requirements during incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pratte
- Canadian Wildlife Service, 45 Alderney Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 2N6, Canada
| | - RA Ronconi
- Canadian Wildlife Service, 45 Alderney Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 2N6, Canada
| | - SR Craik
- Université Sainte-Anne, Département des sciences, 1695 route 1, Pointe-de-l’Église, Nova Scotia B0W 1M0, Canada
| | - J McKnight
- Canadian Wildlife Service, 45 Alderney Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 2N6, Canada
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Isaksson N, Cleasby IR, Owen E, Williamson BJ, Houghton JDR, Wilson J, Masden EA. The Use of Animal-Borne Biologging and Telemetry Data to Quantify Spatial Overlap of Wildlife with Marine Renewables. JMSE 2021; 9:263. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growth of the marine renewable energy sector requires the potential effects on marine wildlife to be considered carefully. For this purpose, utilization distributions derived from animal-borne biologging and telemetry data provide accurate information on individual space use. The degree of spatial overlap between potentially vulnerable wildlife such as seabirds and development areas can subsequently be quantified and incorporated into impact assessments and siting decisions. While rich in information, processing and analyses of animal-borne tracking data are often not trivial. There is therefore a need for straightforward and reproducible workflows for this technique to be useful to marine renewables stakeholders. The aim of this study was to develop an analysis workflow to extract utilization distributions from animal-borne biologging and telemetry data explicitly for use in assessment of animal spatial overlap with marine renewable energy development areas. We applied the method to European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) in relation to tidal stream turbines. While shag occurrence in the tidal development area was high (99.4%), there was no overlap (0.14%) with the smaller tidal lease sites within the development area. The method can be applied to any animal-borne bio-tracking datasets and is relevant to stakeholders aiming to quantify environmental effects of marine renewables.
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Steinfurth A, Oppel S, Dias MP, Starnes T, Pearmain EJ, Dilley BJ, Davies D, Nydegger M, Bell C, Le Bouard F, Bond AL, Cuthbert RJ, Glass T, Makhado AB, Crawford RJM, Ryan PG, Wanless RM, Ratcliffe N. Important marine areas for the conservation of northern rockhopper penguins within the Tristan da Cunha Exclusive Economic Zone. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The designation of Marine Protected Areas has become an important approach to conserving marine ecosystems that relies on robust information on the spatial distribution of biodiversity. We used GPS tracking data to identify marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) for the Endangered northern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes moseleyi within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic. Penguins were tracked throughout their breeding season from 3 of the 4 main islands in the Tristan da Cunha group. Foraging trips remained largely within the EEZ, with the exception of those from Gough Island during the incubation stage. We found substantial variability in trip duration and foraging range among breeding stages and islands, consistent use of areas among years and spatial segregation of the areas used by neighbouring islands. For colonies with no or insufficient tracking data, we defined marine IBAs based on the mean maximum foraging range and merged the areas identified to propose IBAs around the Tristan da Cunha archipelago and Gough Island. The 2 proposed marine IBAs encompass 2% of Tristan da Cunha’s EEZ, and are used by all northern rockhopper penguins breeding in the Tristan da Cunha group, representing ~90% of the global population. Currently, one of the main threats to northern rockhopper penguins within the Tristan da Cunha EEZ is marine pollution from shipping, and the risk of this would be reduced by declaring waters within 50 nautical miles of the coast as ‘areas to be avoided’.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steinfurth
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - S Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - MP Dias
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 1100-304 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Starnes
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - EJ Pearmain
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - BJ Dilley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - D Davies
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - M Nydegger
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - C Bell
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - F Le Bouard
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - AL Bond
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, HP23 6AP, UK
| | - RJ Cuthbert
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
- World Land Trust, Blyth House, Bridge Street, Halesworth, IP19 8AB, UK
| | - T Glass
- Tristan Conservation Department, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, Tristan da Cunha, TDCU 1ZZ, South Atlantic
| | - AB Makhado
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, PO Box 52126, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - RJM Crawford
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, PO Box 52126, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - PG Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - RM Wanless
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - N Ratcliffe
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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Cerveira LR, Ramos JA, Rodrigues I, Almeida N, Araújo PM, Santos ID, Vieira C, Pereira JM, Ceia FR, Geraldes P, Melo T, Paiva VH. Inter-annual changes in oceanic conditions drives spatial and trophic consistency of a tropical marine predator. Mar Environ Res 2020; 162:105165. [PMID: 33068920 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic seabirds exhibit plasticity in foraging characteristics in relation to oceanographic conditions. This should be particularly relevant in tropical marine environments where food resources are naturally more unpredictable. We studied how inter-annual variations (2013-2018) in tropical oceanographic conditions (driver of oceanic productivity) can influence the spatial and trophic ecology of Cape Verde shearwater (Calonectris edwardsii) during the breeding season. During years of poor oceanographic conditions around the colony, birds engaged in longer trips to West Africa, showed higher spatial and behavioural consistency, and presented a wider isotopic niche. Opposite patterns were generally found for years of good oceanographic conditions, when birds foraged more on their colony surroundings. New foraging areas off West Africa were highlighted as relevant, especially during years of poor environmental conditions. This study highlights the need for long-term studies to assess variation in foraging areas and foraging decisions by seabird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Cerveira
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rodrigues
- Biosfera Cabo Verde, Rua de Moçambique 28, Mindelo, caixa postal 233, São Vicente, Cape Verde
| | - Nathalie Almeida
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Araújo
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ivo Dos Santos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Vieira
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Pereira
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Filipe R Ceia
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- SPEA - Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves, Av. Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, 87, 3(o) andar, 1070-062, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tommy Melo
- Biosfera Cabo Verde, Rua de Moçambique 28, Mindelo, caixa postal 233, São Vicente, Cape Verde
| | - Vitor H Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Lerma M, Dehnhard N, Luna-jorquera G, Voigt CC, Garthe S. Breeding stage, not sex, affects foraging characteristics in masked boobies at Rapa Nui. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020; 74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sexual segregation in foraging occurs in some species and populations of boobies (Sulidae), but it is not a general pattern. Sexual segregation in foraging may occur to avoid competition for food, and this competition may intensify during specific stages of breeding. We examined sexual segregation in foraging in relation to breeding stage in masked boobies Sula dactylatra at Rapa Nui by tracking simultaneously incubating and chick-rearing birds using GPS recorders (n = 18) and collected a total of 11 regurgitate samples. Stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) of whole blood samples were carried out in 20 birds. There were no differences in foraging trip parameters or diet between females and males. Both sexes traveled farther and for longer while incubating than while rearing chicks. Isotopic niches (δ13C and δ15N) overlapped to some degree among all groups at all times, but the lowest overlap between sexes occurred during incubation. While preying on ephemerally distributed flying fish, vertical or horizontal competition avoidance may be almost impossible, and thus females and males share their foraging grounds. Since birds were tracked simultaneously, shorter foraging trips of chick-rearing birds must be an effect of the constraints of provisioning the chick. Differences observed in δ15N and δ13C values between sexes may be caused by subtle differences in their foraging behaviors, or by differences in physiology linked to breeding. Our findings suggest that local oceanography and its inherent food distribution are determinants for sexual segregation in foraging patterns in masked boobies and possibly also other booby species.
Significance statement
In some animals, females and males forage on different areas or prey on different species to avoid competition for food resources. In boobies (Sula sp.), some studies show evidence of sexual segregation in foraging and others do not. Here, we tested if sexual segregation in foraging occurred in masked boobies on the Pacific island of Rapa Nui by studying simultaneously incubating and chick-rearing birds. We found no evidence of sexual segregation on foraging behavior or diet. We discuss that the difference between this and other studies in boobies may be an effect of the local prey availability. When the prey community is more diverse and heterogeneously distributed, each sex may access different resources and thus sexual foraging segregation will occur. In contrast, in areas like Rapa Nui where prey resources are distributed ephemerally, sexual segregation in foraging will not be useful and is thus less likely to occur.
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Bestley S, Ropert-Coudert Y, Bengtson Nash S, Brooks CM, Cotté C, Dewar M, Friedlaender AS, Jackson JA, Labrousse S, Lowther AD, McMahon CR, Phillips RA, Pistorius P, Puskic PS, Reis AODA, Reisinger RR, Santos M, Tarszisz E, Tixier P, Trathan PN, Wege M, Wienecke B. Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.566936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Shimada T, Thums M, Hamann M, Limpus CJ, Hays GC, FitzSimmons NN, Wildermann NE, Duarte CM, Meekan MG. Optimising sample sizes for animal distribution analysis using tracking data. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimada
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- Red Sea Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Michele Thums
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Mark Hamann
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
| | - Colin J. Limpus
- Department of Environment and Science Queensland Government Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Graeme C. Hays
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Nancy N. FitzSimmons
- Department of Environment and Science Queensland Government Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Natalie E. Wildermann
- Texas Sea Grant Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
- Fisheries and Ocean Health Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies Corpus Christi TX USA
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark G. Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
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Requena S, Oppel S, Bond AL, Hall J, Cleeland J, Crawford RJM, Davies D, Dilley BJ, Glass T, Makhado A, Ratcliffe N, Reid TA, Ronconi RA, Schofield A, Steinfurth A, Wege M, Bester M, Ryan PG. Marine hotspots of activity inform protection of a threatened community of pelagic species in a large oceanic jurisdiction. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Requena
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - S. Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - A. L. Bond
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
- Bird Group Department of Life Sciences The National History Museum Tring UK
| | - J. Hall
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - J. Cleeland
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - R. J. M. Crawford
- Department of Environmental Affairs Branch Oceans and Coasts Cape Town South Africa
| | - D. Davies
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - B. J. Dilley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - T. Glass
- Tristan da Cunha Conservation Department Edinburgh of the Seven Seas Tristan da Cunha
| | - A. Makhado
- Department of Environmental Affairs Branch Oceans and Coasts Cape Town South Africa
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | | | - T. A. Reid
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - R. A. Ronconi
- Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Service Environment and Climate Change Canada Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada
| | - A. Schofield
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - A. Steinfurth
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - M. Wege
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - M. Bester
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - P. G. Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
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De Pascalis F, Imperio S, Benvenuti A, Catoni C, Rubolini D, Cecere JG. Sex-specific foraging behaviour is affected by wind conditions in a sexually size dimorphic seabird. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cecere JG, De Pascalis F, Imperio S, Ménard D, Catoni C, Griggio M, Rubolini D. Inter-individual differences in foraging tactics of a colonial raptor: consistency, weather effects, and fitness correlates. Mov Ecol 2020; 8:28. [PMID: 32587702 PMCID: PMC7313117 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent inter-individual differences in behavioural phenotypes may entail differences in energy efficiency and expenditure, with different fitness payoffs. In colonial-breeding species, inter-individual differences in foraging behaviour may evolve to reduce resource use overlap among conspecifics exploiting shared foraging areas. Furthermore, individual differences in foraging behaviour may covary with individual characteristics, such as sex or physiological conditions. METHODS We investigated individual differences in foraging tactics of a colonial raptor, the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni). We tracked foraging trips of breeding individuals using miniaturized biologgers. We classified behaviours from GPS data and identified tactics at the foraging trip level by cluster analysis. We then estimated energy expenditure associated to each tactic from tri-axial accelerometer data. RESULTS We obtained 489 foraging trips by 36 individuals. Two clusters of trips were identified, one (SF) characterized by more static foraging behaviour and the other (DF) by more dynamic foraging behaviour, with a higher proportion of flying activity and a higher energy expenditure compared to SF. Lesser kestrels showed consistent inter-individual differences in foraging tactics across weather condition gradients, favouring DF trips as solar radiation and crosswind intensity increased. DF trips were more frequent during the nestling-rearing than during the egg incubation stage. Nestlings whose tracked parent was more prone to perform DF trips experienced higher daily mass increase, irrespective of nestling feeding rates. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence that breeding lesser kestrels flexibly adopted different foraging tactics according to contingent weather landscapes, with birds showing consistent inter-individual differences in the tendency to adopt a given tactic. The positive correlation between the tendency to perform more energy-demanding DF trips and nestling growth suggests that individual differences in foraging behaviour may play a role in maintaining key life-history trade-offs between reproduction and self-maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo G. Cecere
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), via Ca’ Fornacetta 9, I-40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO Italy
| | - Federico De Pascalis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Imperio
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), via Ca’ Fornacetta 9, I-40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO Italy
| | - Delphine Ménard
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Catoni
- Ornis italica, piazza Crati 15, I-00199 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Griggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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Ramos R, Paiva VH, Zajková Z, Precheur C, Fagundes AI, Jodice PGR, Mackin W, Zino F, Bretagnolle V, González-Solís J. Spatial ecology of closely related taxa: the case of the little shearwater complex in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Seabirds inhabiting vast water masses provide numerous examples where opposing phenomena, such as natal and breeding philopatry vs. vagility have dug cryptic taxonomic boundaries among closely related taxa. The taxonomy of little shearwaters of the North Atlantic Ocean (Little–Audubon’s shearwater complex, Puffinus assimilis–lherminieri) still remains unclear, and complementary information on non-breeding distributions and at-sea behaviour becomes essential to unravel divergent local adaptations to specific habitats. Using miniaturized light-level geolocators from seven study areas in the North Atlantic, we evaluate the spatial and habitat segregation, estimate the timing of their key life-cycle events and describe the at-sea behaviour of three taxa of these little shearwaters year-round to distinguish ecological patterns and specializations that could ultimately unravel potential lineage divergences. We also assess morphometric data from birds that were breeding at each study area to further discuss potential adaptations to specific habitats. Our results show that, while birds from different taxa segregated in space and habitats, they share ecological plasticity, similar annual phenology and diel foraging behaviour. These ecological inconsistencies, while defining the evolutionary stressors faced by these taxa, do not suggest the existence of three Evolutionary Significant Units. However, they confirm the recent evolutionary divergence among the three little shearwaters of the North Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raül Ramos
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vitor H Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zuzana Zajková
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes, Spain
| | - Carine Precheur
- CEBC, UMR, CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, Villiers en Bois, France
- Laboratoire Biologie marine (EA926), Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Ana Isabel Fagundes
- Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds (SPEA), Avenida Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrick G R Jodice
- US Geological Survey, South Carolina Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson University, SC 29634 Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Francis Zino
- Freira Conservation Project (FCP), Avenida do Infante, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | | | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
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Handley JM, Pearmain EJ, Oppel S, Carneiro APB, Hazin C, Phillips RA, Ratcliffe N, Staniland IJ, Clay TA, Hall J, Scheffer A, Fedak M, Boehme L, Pütz K, Belchier M, Boyd IL, Trathan PN, Dias MP. Evaluating the effectiveness of a large multi‐use MPA in protecting Key Biodiversity Areas for marine predators. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | | | | | | | - Norman Ratcliffe
- British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge UK
| | - Iain J. Staniland
- British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge UK
| | - Thomas A. Clay
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Jonathan Hall
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - Annette Scheffer
- AS, Marine Stewardship Council London UK
- Okeanos Centre University of the Azores 9901‐862 Horta Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Mark Belchier
- British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge UK
| | | | - Phil N. Trathan
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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Carneiro APB, Pearmain EJ, Oppel S, Clay TA, Phillips RA, Bonnet‐Lebrun A, Wanless RM, Abraham E, Richard Y, Rice J, Handley J, Davies TE, Dilley BJ, Ryan PG, Small C, Arata J, Arnould JPY, Bell E, Bugoni L, Campioni L, Catry P, Cleeland J, Deppe L, Elliott G, Freeman A, González‐Solís J, Granadeiro JP, Grémillet D, Landers TJ, Makhado A, Nel D, Nicholls DG, Rexer‐Huber K, Robertson CJR, Sagar PM, Scofield P, Stahl J, Stanworth A, Stevens KL, Trathan PN, Thompson DR, Torres L, Walker K, Waugh SM, Weimerskirch H, Dias MP. A framework for mapping the distribution of seabirds by integrating tracking, demography and phenology. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas A. Clay
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | | | - Ross M. Wanless
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | | | | | - Joel Rice
- Rice Marine Analytics Saint Paul MN USA
| | | | | | - Ben J. Dilley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Peter G. Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Cleo Small
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - Javier Arata
- Centro FONDAP de Investigacion en Dinamica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes Valdivia Chile
| | - John P. Y. Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Vic. Australia
| | - Elizabeth Bell
- Wildlife Management International Ltd. Blenheim New Zealand
| | - Leandro Bugoni
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande‐FURG Rio Grande Brazil
| | - Letizia Campioni
- MARE‐Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA‐Instituto Universitario Lisbon Portugal
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE‐Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA‐Instituto Universitario Lisbon Portugal
| | | | - Lorna Deppe
- The Hutton's Shearwater Charitable Trust Kaikoura New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jacob González‐Solís
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | - David Grémillet
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- CEFE CNRS Université de MontpellierUniversité Paul‐Valéry MontpellierEPHE Montpellier France
| | - Todd J. Landers
- Auckland Council, Research and Evaluation Unit (RIMU) Auckland New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Azwianewi Makhado
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Environmental Affairs Oceans & Coasts Branch South Africa
| | - Deon Nel
- Global Resilience Partnership Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Paul M. Sagar
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Kim L. Stevens
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Philip N. Trathan
- British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge UK
| | - David R. Thompson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Leigh Torres
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Newport OR USA
| | | | - Susan M. Waugh
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Wellington New Zealand
| | | | - Maria P. Dias
- BirdLife International Cambridge UK
- MARE‐Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA‐Instituto Universitario Lisbon Portugal
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36
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March D, Boehme L, Tintoré J, Vélez‐Belchi PJ, Godley BJ. Towards the integration of animal-borne instruments into global ocean observing systems. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:586-596. [PMID: 31675456 PMCID: PMC7027834 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine animals are increasingly instrumented with environmental sensors that provide large volumes of oceanographic data. Here, we conduct an innovative and comprehensive global analysis to determine the potential contribution of animal-borne instruments (ABI) into ocean observing systems (OOSs) and provide a foundation to establish future integrated ocean monitoring programmes. We analyse the current gaps of the long-term Argo observing system (>1.5 million profiles) and assess its spatial overlap with the distribution of marine animals across eight major species groups (tuna and billfishes, sharks and rays, marine turtles, pinnipeds, cetaceans, sirenians, flying seabirds and penguins). We combine distribution ranges of 183 species and satellite tracking observations from >3,000 animals. Our analyses identify potential areas where ABI could complement OOS. Specifically, ABI have the potential to fill gaps in marginal seas, upwelling areas, the upper 10 m of the water column, shelf regions and polewards of 60° latitude. Our approach provides the global baseline required to plan the integration of ABI into global and regional OOS while integrating conservation and ocean monitoring priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David March
- Marine Turtle Research GroupCentre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
- ICTS SOCIB – Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting SystemParc BitPalma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Lars Boehme
- Sea Mammal Research UnitScottish Oceans InstituteUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
| | - Joaquín Tintoré
- ICTS SOCIB – Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting SystemParc BitPalma de MallorcaSpain
- IMEDEA (CSIC‐UIB)Mediterranean Institute of Advanced StudiesEsporlesSpain
| | | | - Brendan J. Godley
- Marine Turtle Research GroupCentre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
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37
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Gamble A, Bazire R, Delord K, Barbraud C, Jaeger A, Gantelet H, Thibault E, Lebarbenchon C, Lagadec E, Tortosa P, Weimerskirch H, Thiebot J, Garnier R, Tornos J, Boulinier T. Predator and scavenger movements among and within endangered seabird colonies: Opportunities for pathogen spread. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gamble
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE) UMR CNRS 5175University of MontpellierEPHEUniversity Paul Valéry Montpellier 3IRD Montpellier France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Romain Bazire
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE) UMR CNRS 5175University of MontpellierEPHEUniversity Paul Valéry Montpellier 3IRD Montpellier France
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR CNRS 7372Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Christophe Barbraud
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR CNRS 7372Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- Université de la RéunionUMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT)CNRSGIP CYROI Saint Denis La Réunion France
- Université de la RéunionÉcologie Marine Tropicale des Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE)UMR UR‐IRD‐CNRS Saint Denis La Réunion France
| | | | | | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de la RéunionUMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT)CNRSGIP CYROI Saint Denis La Réunion France
| | - Erwan Lagadec
- Université de la RéunionUMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT)CNRSGIP CYROI Saint Denis La Réunion France
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Terres Australes Française La Réunion France
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Université de la RéunionUMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT)CNRSGIP CYROI Saint Denis La Réunion France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR CNRS 7372Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Thiebot
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR CNRS 7372Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Terres Australes Française La Réunion France
- National Institute of Polar Research Tachikawa Tokyo Japan
| | - Romain Garnier
- Department of Biology Georgetown University Washington D.C. USA
| | - Jérémy Tornos
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE) UMR CNRS 5175University of MontpellierEPHEUniversity Paul Valéry Montpellier 3IRD Montpellier France
- Ceva Biovac Beaucouzé France
| | - Thierry Boulinier
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE) UMR CNRS 5175University of MontpellierEPHEUniversity Paul Valéry Montpellier 3IRD Montpellier France
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Zaluski S, Soanes LM, Bright JA, George A, Jodice PGR, Meyer K, Woodfield-Pascoe N, Green JA. Potential threats facing a globally important population of the magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens. Tropical Zoology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03946975.2019.1682352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Zaluski
- Jost Van Dykes Preservation Society, Jost Van Dyke, British Virgin Islands
| | - Louise M. Soanes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny A. Bright
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Atoya George
- Conservation and Fisheries Department, British Virgin Islands Government, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
| | - Patrick G. R. Jodice
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ken Meyer
- Avian Research and Conservation Institute, 411 N.E 7th Street, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Green
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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39
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Cleasby IR, Wakefield ED, Morrissey BJ, Bodey TW, Votier SC, Bearhop S, Hamer KC. Using time-series similarity measures to compare animal movement trajectories in ecology. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019; 73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Identifying and understanding patterns in movement data are amongst the principal aims of movement ecology. By quantifying the similarity of movement trajectories, inferences can be made about diverse processes, ranging from individual specialisation to the ontogeny of foraging strategies. Movement analysis is not unique to ecology however, and methods for estimating the similarity of movement trajectories have been developed in other fields but are currently under-utilised by ecologists. Here, we introduce five commonly used measures of trajectory similarity: dynamic time warping (DTW), longest common subsequence (LCSS), edit distance for real sequences (EDR), Fréchet distance and nearest neighbour distance (NND), of which only NND is routinely used by ecologists. We investigate the performance of each of these measures by simulating movement trajectories using an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model in which we varied the following parameters: (1) the point of attraction, (2) the strength of attraction to this point and (3) the noise or volatility added to the movement process in order to determine which measures were most responsive to such changes. In addition, we demonstrate how these measures can be applied using movement trajectories of breeding northern gannets (Morus bassanus) by performing trajectory clustering on a large ecological dataset. Simulations showed that DTW and Fréchet distance were most responsive to changes in movement parameters and were able to distinguish between all the different parameter combinations we trialled. In contrast, NND was the least sensitive measure trialled. When applied to our gannet dataset, the five similarity measures were highly correlated despite differences in their underlying calculation. Clustering of trajectories within and across individuals allowed us to easily visualise and compare patterns of space use over time across a large dataset. Trajectory clusters reflected the bearing on which birds departed the colony and highlighted the use of well-known bathymetric features. As both the volume of movement data and the need to quantify similarity amongst animal trajectories grow, the measures described here and the bridge they provide to other fields of research will become increasingly useful in ecology.
Significance statement
As the use of tracking technology increases, there is a need to develop analytical techniques to process such large volumes of data. One area in which this would be useful is the comparison of individual movement trajectories. In response, a variety of measures of trajectory similarity have been developed within the information sciences. However, such measures are rarely used by ecologists who may be unaware of them. To remedy this, we apply five common measures of trajectory similarity to both simulated data and real ecological dataset comprising of movement trajectories of breeding northern gannets. Dynamic time warping and Fréchet distance performed best on simulated data. Using trajectory similarity measures on our gannet dataset, we identified distinct foraging clusters centred on different bathymetric features, demonstrating one application of such similarity measures. As new technology and analysis techniques proliferate across ecology and the information sciences, closer ties between these fields promise further innovative analysis of movement data.
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Gilmour ME, Hudson SAT, Lamborg C, Fleishman AB, Young HS, Shaffer SA. Tropical seabirds sample broadscale patterns of marine contaminants. Sci Total Environ 2019; 691:631-643. [PMID: 31325863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants in the marine environment are widespread, but ship-based sampling routines are much narrower. We evaluated the utility of seabirds, highly-mobile marine predators, as broad samplers of contaminants throughout three tropical ocean regions. Our aim was to fill a knowledge gap in the distributions of, and processes that contribute to, tropical marine contaminants; and explore how species-specific foraging ecologies could inform or bias our understanding of contaminant distributions. Mercury and persistent organic pollutant (POPs) concentrations were measured in adults of five seabird species from four colonies in the central Pacific (Laysan and Tern Islands, Hawaii; Palmyra Atoll) and the eastern Caribbean (Barbuda). Blood-based total mercury (THg) and 89 POPs were measured in two seabird families: surface-foraging frigatebirds (Fregata spp.) and plunge-diving boobies (Sula spp.). Overall, largescale contaminant differences between colonies were more informative of contaminant distributions than inter-specific foraging ecology. Model selection results indicated that proximity to human populations was the best predictor of THg and POPs. Regional differences in contaminants were distinct: Barbudan Magnificent Frigatebirds had more compounds (n=52/89 POP detected) and higher concentrations (geometric mean THg=0.97μgg-1; mean ΣPOP53=26.6ngmL-1) than the remote colonies (34-42/89 POP detected; range of THg geometric means=0.33-0.93μgg-1; range of mean ΣPOP53:7.3-17.0ngmL-1) and had the most recently-synthesized POPs. Moderate differences in foraging ecologies were somewhat informative of inter-specific differences in contaminant types and concentrations between nearshore and offshore foragers. Across species, contaminant concentrations were higher in frigatebirds (THg=0.87μgg-1; ΣPOP53=17.5ngmL-1) compared to boobies (THg=0.48μgg-1; ΣPOP53=9.8). Ocean currents and contaminants' physiochemical properties provided additional insight into the scales of spatial and temporal contaminant exposure. Seabirds are excellent, broad samplers with which we can understand contaminant distributions in the marine environment. This is especially important for tropical remote regions that are under-sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gilmour
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - S A Trefry Hudson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - C Lamborg
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - A B Fleishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Conservation Metrics, Inc., 145 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - H S Young
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - S A Shaffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
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Corbeau A, Collet J, Fontenille M, Weimerskirch H. How do seabirds modify their search behaviour when encountering fishing boats? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222615. [PMID: 31550257 PMCID: PMC6759163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seabirds are well known to be attracted by fishing boats to forage on offal and baits. We used recently developed loggers that record accurate GPS position and detect the presence of boats through their radar emissions to examine how albatrosses use Area Restricted Search (ARS) and if so, have specific ARS behaviours, when attending boats. As much as 78.5% of locations with a radar detection (contact with boat) during a trip occurred within ARS: 36.8% of all large-scale ARS (n = 212) and 14.7% of all small-scale ARS (n = 1476) were associated with the presence of a boat. During small-scale ARS, birds spent more time and had greater sinuosity during boat-associated ARS compared with other ARS that we considered natural. For, small-scale ARS associated with boats, those performed over shelves were longer in duration, had greater sinuosity, and birds spent more time sitting on water compared with oceanic ARS associated with boats. We also found that the proportion of small-scale ARS tend to be more frequently nested in larger-scale ARS was higher for birds associated with boats and that ARS behaviour differed between oceanic (tuna fisheries) and shelf-edge (mainly Patagonian toothfish fisheries) habitats. We suggest that, in seabird species attracted by boats, a significant amount of ARS behaviours are associated with boats, and that it is important to be able to separate ARS behaviours associated to boats from natural searching behaviours. Our study suggest that studying ARS characteristics should help attribute specific behaviours associated to the presence of boats and understand associated risks between fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Corbeau
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers en Bois, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Julien Collet
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Melissa Fontenille
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers en Bois, France
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Carroll MJ, Wakefield ED, Scragg ES, Owen E, Pinder S, Bolton M, Waggitt JJ, Evans PGH. Matches and Mismatches Between Seabird Distributions Estimated From At-Sea Surveys and Concurrent Individual-Level Tracking. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ponchon A, Cornulier T, Hedd A, Granadeiro JP, Catry P. Effect of breeding performance on the distribution and activity budgets of a predominantly resident population of black-browed albatrosses. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8702-8713. [PMID: 31410273 PMCID: PMC6686306 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelagic seabirds breeding at high latitudes generally split their annual cycle between reproduction, migration, and wintering. During the breeding season, they are constrained in their foraging range due to reproduction while during winter months, and they often undertake long-distance migrations. Black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) nesting in the Falkland archipelago remain within 700 km from their breeding colonies all year-round and can therefore be considered as resident. Accordingly, at-sea activity patterns are expected to be adjusted to the absence of migration. Likewise, breeding performance is expected to affect foraging, flying, and floating activities, as failed individuals are relieved from reproduction earlier than successful ones. Using geolocators coupled with a saltwater immersion sensor, we detailed the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of at-sea activity budgets of successful and failed breeding black-browed albatrosses nesting in New Island, Falklands archipelago, over the breeding and subsequent nonbreeding season. The 90% monthly kernel distribution of failed and successful breeders suggested no spatial segregation. Both groups followed the same dynamics of foraging effort both during daylight and darkness all year, except during chick-rearing, when successful breeders foraged more intensively. Failed and successful breeders started decreasing flying activities during daylight at the same time, 2-3 weeks after hatching period, but failed breeders reached their maximum floating activity during late chick-rearing, 2 months before successful breeders. Moon cycle had a significant effect on activity budgets during darkness, with individuals generally more active during full moon. Our results highlight that successful breeders buffer potential reproductive costs during the nonbreeding season, and this provides a better understanding of how individuals adjust their spatial distribution and activity budgets according to their breeding performance in absence of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Ponchon
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreISPA – Insituto UniversitárioLisboaPortugal
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - April Hedd
- Psychology DepartmentMemorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaMount PearlNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - José Pedro Granadeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de CiênciasCESAM, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreISPA – Insituto UniversitárioLisboaPortugal
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44
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Baylis AMM, Tierney M, Orben RA, Warwick-Evans V, Wakefield E, Grecian WJ, Trathan P, Reisinger R, Ratcliffe N, Croxall J, Campioni L, Catry P, Crofts S, Boersma PD, Galimberti F, Granadeiro JP, Handley J, Hayes S, Hedd A, Masello JF, Montevecchi WA, Pütz K, Quillfeldt P, Rebstock GA, Sanvito S, Staniland IJ, Brickle P. Important At-Sea Areas of Colonial Breeding Marine Predators on the Southern Patagonian Shelf. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8517. [PMID: 31186455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem supports high levels of biodiversity and endemism and is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. Despite the important role marine predators play in structuring ecosystems, areas of high diversity where multiple predators congregate remains poorly known on the Patagonian Shelf. Here, we used biotelemetry and biologging tags to track the movements of six seabird species and three pinniped species breeding at the Falkland Islands. Using Generalized Additive Models, we then modelled these animals’ use of space as functions of dynamic and static environmental indices that described their habitat. Based on these models, we mapped the predicted distribution of animals from both sampled and unsampled colonies and thereby identified areas where multiple species were likely to overlap at sea. Maximum foraging trip distance ranged from 79 to 1,325 km. However, most of the 1,891 foraging trips by 686 animals were restricted to the Patagonian Shelf and shelf slope, which highlighted a preference for these habitats. Of the seven candidate explanatory covariates used to predict distribution, distance from the colony was retained in models for all species and negatively affected the probability of occurrence. Predicted overlap among species was highest on the Patagonian Shelf around the Falkland Islands and the Burdwood Bank. The predicted area of overlap is consistent with areas that are also important habitat for marine predators migrating from distant breeding locations. Our findings provide comprehensive multi-species predictions for some of the largest marine predator populations on the Patagonian Shelf, which will contribute to future marine spatial planning initiatives. Crucially, our findings highlight that spatially explicit conservation measures are likely to benefit multiple species, while threats are likely to impact multiple species.
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Hays GC, Bailey H, Bograd SJ, Bowen WD, Campagna C, Carmichael RH, Casale P, Chiaradia A, Costa DP, Cuevas E, Nico de Bruyn PJ, Dias MP, Duarte CM, Dunn DC, Dutton PH, Esteban N, Friedlaender A, Goetz KT, Godley BJ, Halpin PN, Hamann M, Hammerschlag N, Harcourt R, Harrison AL, Hazen EL, Heupel MR, Hoyt E, Humphries NE, Kot CY, Lea JSE, Marsh H, Maxwell SM, McMahon CR, Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Palacios DM, Phillips RA, Righton D, Schofield G, Seminoff JA, Simpfendorfer CA, Sims DW, Takahashi A, Tetley MJ, Thums M, Trathan PN, Villegas-Amtmann S, Wells RS, Whiting SD, Wildermann NE, Sequeira AMM. Translating Marine Animal Tracking Data into Conservation Policy and Management. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:459-473. [PMID: 30879872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There have been efforts around the globe to track individuals of many marine species and assess their movements and distribution, with the putative goal of supporting their conservation and management. Determining whether, and how, tracking data have been successfully applied to address real-world conservation issues is, however, difficult. Here, we compile a broad range of case studies from diverse marine taxa to show how tracking data have helped inform conservation policy and management, including reductions in fisheries bycatch and vessel strikes, and the design and administration of marine protected areas and important habitats. Using these examples, we highlight pathways through which the past and future investment in collecting animal tracking data might be better used to achieve tangible conservation benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA
| | - Steven J Bograd
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - W Don Bowen
- Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Claudio Campagna
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Buenos Aires, 1414 Argentina
| | - Ruth H Carmichael
- University Programs, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA; Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Paolo Casale
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andre Chiaradia
- Conservation Department, Phillip Island, Nature Parks, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Eduardo Cuevas
- CONACYT - Research Center of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autonoma del Carmen, Campeche 24180, Mexico; Pronatura Peninsula de Yucatan, Yucatan 97205, Mexico
| | - P J Nico de Bruyn
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Maria P Dias
- BirdLife International, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel C Dunn
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter H Dutton
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicole Esteban
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Ari Friedlaender
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Institute for Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 965060, USA
| | - Kimberly T Goetz
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA),Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Patrick N Halpin
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark Hamann
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, Abess Center for Ecosystem Science & Policy, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Robert Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Autumn-Lynn Harrison
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Erich Hoyt
- Whale and Dolphin Conservation, Bridport, Dorset, UK; IUCN Joint SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas E Humphries
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Connie Y Kot
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James S E Lea
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helene Marsh
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Sara M Maxwell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Bothell Campus, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
| | - Clive R McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Ecology and Biodiversity Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara
- Tethys Research Institute, 20121 Milano, Italy; IUCN Joint SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - David Righton
- Cefas Laboratory, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Gail Schofield
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E14NS, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey A Seminoff
- Marine Turtle Ecology and Assessment Program, NOAA-Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK; Centre for Biological Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Michael J Tetley
- IUCN Joint SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Michele Thums
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (M096), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Philip N Trathan
- IUCN Joint SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Stella Villegas-Amtmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Randall S Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Scott D Whiting
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Natalie E Wildermann
- Marine Turtle Research, Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric, Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, USA
| | - Ana M M Sequeira
- IOMRC and The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Sánchez-Román A, Gómez-Navarro L, Fablet R, Oro D, Mason E, Arcos JM, Ruiz S, Pascual A. Rafting behaviour of seabirds as a proxy to describe surface ocean currents in the Balearic Sea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17775. [PMID: 30635588 PMCID: PMC7052213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatio-temporal variability of surface geostrophic mesoscale currents in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean) is characterized from satellite altimetry in combination with in-situ velocity measurements collected, among others, by drifting buoys, gliders and high-frequency radar. Here, we explore the use of tracking data from living organisms in the Balearic Sea as an alternative way to acquire in-situ velocity measurements. Specifically, we use GPS-tracks of resting Scopoli’s shearwaters Calonectris diomedea, that act as passive drifters, and compare them with satellite-derived velocity patterns. Results suggest that animal-borne GPS data can be used to identify rafting behaviour outside of the breeding colonies and, furthermore, as a proxy to describe local sea surface currents. Four rafting patterns were identified according to the prevailing driving forces responsible for the observed trajectories. We find that 76% of the bird trajectories are associated with the combined effects of slippage and Ekman drift and/or surface drag; 59% are directly driven by the sea surface currents. Shearwaters are therefore likely to be passively transported by these driving forces while resting. The tracks are generally consistent with the mesoscale features observed in satellite data and identified with eddy-tracking software.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-Román
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - L Gómez-Navarro
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain.,University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, Grenoble, 38400, France
| | - R Fablet
- labSTICC, TOMS, Brest, 29238, France
| | - D Oro
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - E Mason
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain.,Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J M Arcos
- SEO/BirdLife, Marine Programme, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ruiz
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - A Pascual
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, Esporles, 07190, Illes Balears, Spain
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Yurkowski DJ, Auger-Méthé M, Mallory ML, Wong SNP, Gilchrist G, Derocher AE, Richardson E, Lunn NJ, Hussey NE, Marcoux M, Togunov RR, Fisk AT, Harwood LA, Dietz R, Rosing-Asvid A, Born EW, Mosbech A, Fort J, Grémillet D, Loseto L, Richard PR, Iacozza J, Jean-Gagnon F, Brown TM, Westdal KH, Orr J, LeBlanc B, Hedges KJ, Treble MA, Kessel ST, Blanchfield PJ, Davis S, Maftei M, Spencer N, McFarlane-Tranquilla L, Montevecchi WA, Bartzen B, Dickson L, Anderson C, Ferguson SH. Abundance and species diversity hotspots of tracked marine predators across the North American Arctic. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grant Gilchrist
- Environment and Climate Change Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | | | - Evan Richardson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ron R. Togunov
- University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | - Lois A. Harwood
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Yellowknife Northwest Territories Canada
| | | | | | - Erik W. Born
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Nuuk Greenland
| | | | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs); UMR7266 CNRS-University of La Rochelle; La Rochelle France
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; UMR 5175, CNRS; Montpellier France
| | - Lisa Loseto
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | | | - John Iacozza
- University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jack Orr
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | | | | | | | - Steven T. Kessel
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research; John G. Shedd Aquarium; Chicago Illinois
| | | | - Shanti Davis
- High Arctic Gull Research Group; Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Mark Maftei
- High Arctic Gull Research Group; Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Nora Spencer
- High Arctic Gull Research Group; Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | | | | | - Blake Bartzen
- Environment and Climate Change Canada; Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Lynne Dickson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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48
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Baylis AM, Tierney M, Staniland IJ, Brickle P. Habitat use of adult male South American fur seals and a preliminary assessment of spatial overlap with trawl fisheries in the South Atlantic. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Dias MP, Carneiro APB, Warwick‐Evans V, Harris C, Lorenz K, Lascelles B, Clewlow HL, Dunn MJ, Hinke JT, Kim J, Kokubun N, Manco F, Ratcliffe N, Santos M, Takahashi A, Trivelpiece W, Trathan PN. Identification of marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas for penguins around the South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:10520-10529. [PMID: 30464824 PMCID: PMC6238121 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide a method of analyzing penguin tracking data to identify priority at-sea areas for seabird conservation (marine IBAs), based on pre-existing approaches for flying seabirds but revised according to the specific ecology of Pygoscelis penguin species. LOCATION Waters around the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland, and South Orkney archipelagos (FAO Subareas 48.1 and 48.2). METHODS We made key improvements to the pre-existing protocol for identifying marine IBAs that include refining the track interpolation method and revision of parameters for the kernel analysis (smoothing factor and utilization distribution) using sensitivity tests. We applied the revised method to 24 datasets of tracking data on penguins (three species, seven colonies, and three different breeding stages-incubation, brood, and crèche). RESULTS We identified five new marine IBAs for seabirds in the study area, estimated to hold ca. 600,000 adult penguins. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the efficacy of a new method for the designation of a network of marine IBAs in Antarctic waters for penguins based on tracking data, which can contribute to an evidence-based, precautionary, management framework for krill fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin Harris
- Environmental Research & Assessment (ERA)CambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Harriet L. Clewlow
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Michael J. Dunn
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | - Jefferson T. Hinke
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research DivisionSouthwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Jeong‐Hoon Kim
- Division of Polar Life SciencesKorea Polar Research InstituteIncheonKorea
| | | | - Fabrizio Manco
- Faculty of Science & TechnologyAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Norman Ratcliffe
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
| | - Mercedes Santos
- Departamento Biología de Predadores TopeInstituto Antártico ArgentinoBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Wayne Trivelpiece
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research DivisionSouthwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Philip N. Trathan
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
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50
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Dias MP, Warwick-evans V, Carneiro APB, Harris C, Lascelles BG, Clewlow HL, Manco F, Ratcliffe N, Trathan PN. Using habitat models to identify marine important bird and biodiversity areas for Chinstrap Penguins Pygoscelis antarcticus in the South Orkney Islands. Polar Biol 2019; 42:17-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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