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Becker E, Atkinson L, Gonzalez A, Khoury J. Social support buffers the impact of pregnancy stress on perceptions of parent-infant closeness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infant Ment Health J 2024; 45:328-340. [PMID: 38196240 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant individuals and parents have experienced elevated mental health problems and stress during COVID-19. Stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the fetus and detrimental to the parent-child relationship. However, social support is known to act as a protective factor, buffering against the adverse effects of stress. The present study examined whether (1) prenatal stress during COVID-19 was associated with parent-infant closeness at 6 months postpartum, and (2) social support moderated the effect of prenatal stress on the parent-infant relationship. In total, 181 participants completed questionnaires during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to assess whether social support moderated the effect of stress during pregnancy on parent-infant closeness at 6 months postpartum. Results indicated a significant interaction between prenatal stress and social support on parents' perceptions of closeness with their infants at 6 months postpartum (β = .805, p = .029); parents who experienced high prenatal stress with high social support reported greater parent-infant closeness, compared to those who reported high levels of stress and low social support. Findings underscore the importance of social support in protecting the parent-infant relationship, particularly in times of high stress, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Becker
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Metropolitan Toronto University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Khoury
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Luk JW, Leiter N, Stangl BL, Gunawan T, Schwandt ML, Goldman D, Diazgranados N, Ramchandani VA. Associations of history of alcohol use disorder with loneliness, social support, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115826. [PMID: 38479194 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and treatment history on changes in loneliness, social support, and mental health symptoms from before to during the pandemic, and tested loneliness and social support as mediators of the AUD-mental health associations. Participants (n = 427) enrolled in the NIAAA COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol Study were categorized into three groups: healthy control (62.3%), nontreatment AUD (14.1%), and treatment AUD (23.7%). Multilevel generalized linear models were conducted to examine changes in loneliness, social support, and mental health symptoms by group. Path analyses tested the mediating roles of loneliness and social support. Loneliness increased during the pandemic, especially in the nontreatment AUD group. Social support decreased in the healthy control and AUD treatment group. Anxiety and depressive symptoms increased in the nontreatment AUD group. Individuals with a history of AUD regardless of treatment history reported greater loneliness, which was linked to higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. Loneliness, but not social support, mediated the AUD-mental health associations. Psychosocial interventions aimed at increasing positive social engagement among individuals with AUD may help alleviate feelings of loneliness and mitigate mental health symptoms. Study findings can also help improve preparedness for future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Luk
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Noa Leiter
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bethany L Stangl
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tommy Gunawan
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States; Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Khan A, Zeb I, Zhang Y, Fazal S, Ding J. Relationship between psychological capital and mental health at higher education: Role of perceived social support as a mediator. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29472. [PMID: 38644826 PMCID: PMC11033138 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research in Positive Psychology has indicated a correlation between Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and Mental health (MH). However, the specific contribution of Perceived Social Support (PSS) in the connection between PsyCap and MH, particularly within higher education, remains uninvestigated. This study investigated how PSS could mediate the effect of PsyCap on students' MH using a cross-sectional research design. The sample encompassed 443 undergraduate graduate students at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China. Results from Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that both PsyCap (β = 0.815, t = 31.074, p < 0.000) and PSS (β = 0.405, t = 28.051, p < 0.000) have a positive impact on students' MH. Additionally, PSS was identified as a significant mediator in relation to students' MH (b = 0.080, t = 2.319, p < 0.020). This study emphasizes the importance of developing these factors in educational and support programs to enhance students' well-being. Moreover, the results offer significant conceptual and practical insights for higher education faculty, psychologists, and curriculum designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashiq Khan
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Irum Zeb
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shawana Fazal
- Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Shahwan S, Tay EH, Shafie S, Tan YB, Gunasekaran S, Tan RHS, Satghare P, Zhang Y, Wang P, Tan SC, Subramaniam M. The protective role of resilience and social support against burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1374484. [PMID: 38746007 PMCID: PMC11091290 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1374484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic brought on a range of stressors in homes and workplaces. With no sign of ending after one year, burnout was a concern. Resilience has been known to shield against the effects of stress. While often thought of as an individual trait, previous studies have shown social support to improve resilience. The study aimed to examine the extent of burnout in the Singapore population and whether social support and resilience cushioned the impact of COVID-19 related stressors a year into the pandemic. Methods Participants were 858 Singapore residents who participated in a larger study between October 2021 and September 2022. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory provided Work-and Personal-related burnout scores. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify demographic variables associated with burnout. Path analysis revealed the associations between COVID-19 stressors, social support, resilience and burnout. Results 22 and 19% of the sample reported work and personal burnout respectively, with younger adults being more burnt out than older adults. Higher stress was associated with higher burnout and higher social support was associated with lower burnout. Path analysis revealed that the relationship between social support and burnout was partially accounted for by increased resilience. Conclusion Managing altered work arrangements, career expectations, and increased responsibilities at home may contribute to greater levels of burnout in the younger adults. Increased employer support and targeted interventions could mitigate the impact of these stressors. The study also highlighted the importance of maintaining social connections even while physically distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Habibi Asgarabad M, Vahabi Z, Cheung HN, Ahmadi R, Akbarpour S, Sadeghian MH, Etesam F. Perceived social support, perceived stress, and quality of sleep among COVID-19 patients in Iran: assessing measurement invariance of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support across gender and age. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1337317. [PMID: 38699447 PMCID: PMC11063771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1337317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Perceived social support (PSS) plays a considerable role in mental health. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is one of the most widely used scales, leading to much research evidence. The present study investigated its measurement model, equivalence across gender (male and female) and age groups (older patients= above 60 and non-older patients= below 60), and concurrent validity. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and October 2020, on patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran. The scales were administered to 328 COVID-19 patients (54.6% male, aged 21 to 92) from two general hospitals; participants completed MSPSS (including friends, family, and significant others subscales), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, include sleep latency, subjective sleep quality, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep duration, use of sleep medication, daytime dysfunction, and sleep disturbances subscales), and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10, to assess patients' appraisal of stressful conditions). Results The MSPSS three-factor structure was confirmed among COVID-19 patients by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results support the MSPSS internal consistency and configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender and age groups. Nevertheless, small but significant differences were found across ages based on the latent factor mean of the MSPSS from friends, with a lower mean level in older patients. The coefficients of Cronbach's alpha (ranging from.92 to.96), the ordinal theta (ranging from.95 to.98), and Omega (ranging from.93 to.97) suggested high internal consistency of MSPSS. The concurrent validity of MSPSS was evidenced by its significant negative correlation with PSS-10 (τb = -.13, p <.01) and also subjective sleep quality (τb = -.22, p <.01), sleep disturbances (τb = -.26, p <.001), and daytime dysfunction (τb = -.26, p <.001). Conclusions The MSPSS was valid and reliable for measuring individuals' perception of social support between males and females and older and non-older COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ho Nam Cheung
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Akbarpour
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sadeghian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Etesam
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
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Mao Y, Chen J, Liu X, Dang J, Schiöth HB. Social support predicted subsequent subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:943. [PMID: 38566183 PMCID: PMC10986123 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective well-being (SWB) is associated with social support in cross-sectional studies. However, it remains unclear whether and how social support predicts SWB longitudinally, especially during the COVID-19 contingency. METHODS By adopting a prospective design, the current work addressed this research question in a sample of 594 participants from the U.K. The data were collected via the online platform, Prolific, at two time points (June, 2020 and August, 2021) with a 14-month interval. Descriptive analysis and a moderated mediation model were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. RESULTS Baseline social support was a significant predictor of subjective well-being (SWB) 14 months later, even after controlling for baseline SWB and other covariates such as personality traits. Additionally, affect balance (i.e., the affective component of SWB) fully mediated the link between baseline social support and subsequent life satisfaction (i.e., the cognitive component of SWB). Moreover, household income moderated this relationship, indicating a stronger mediation for individuals with lower monthly household income. CONCLUSION The present work sheds light on the underlying mechanism and boundary condition of the association between social support and different components of SWB during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Mao
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhua Dang
- School of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Computing and Application on Cognitive Behavior (ICACB), Anhui, China.
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sarmento A, Adodo R, Hodges G, Webber SC, Sanchez-Ramirez DC. Virtual pulmonary rehabilitation approaches in patients with post COVID syndrome: a pilot study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:139. [PMID: 38500051 PMCID: PMC10949685 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of optimal virtual pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for individuals with post-COVID syndrome (PCS) have not been identified. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and satisfaction associated with a virtual PR program with the exercise component delivered through group or self-directed sessions. METHODS Adults with PCS-respiratory symptoms were randomly assigned to the video conference (PRVC) or self-directed (PRSD) group and completed an exercise program (aerobic, strengthening, and breathing exercises) three times/week for eight weeks. PRVC sessions were led by a physiotherapist via Zoom, whereas the PRSD group exercised individually following a pre-recorded video. Both groups received personalized exercise recommendations, education related to the condition, and a weekly follow up call. Satisfaction was assessed through a patient survey. Lung function, dyspnea, fatigue, sit-to-stand capacity, health-related quality of life, and participation were assessed pre- and post-PR. RESULTS Fourteen PCS individuals (49 ± 9 years, 86% females) completed 83% of the sessions. All participants were satisfied with information provided by the therapist and frequency of data submission, whereas most were satisfied with the frequency and duration of exercise sessions (88% in PRVC and 83% in PRSD). A higher proportion of participants in the PRVC (88%) were satisfied with the level of difficulty of exercises compared with the PRSD (67%), and 84% of the sample reported a positive impact of the program on their health. No adverse events were reported. Significant changes in sit-to-stand capacity (p = 0.012, Cohen's r = 0.67) and questions related to fatigue (p = 0.027, Cohen's r = 0.58), neurocognitive (p = 0.045, Cohen's r = 0.53), and autonomic (p = 0.024, Cohen's r = 0.60) domains of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire short-form were also found between groups. CONCLUSION Virtual PR with exercises delivered via video conference or pre-recorded video were feasible, safe, and well-received by individuals with PCS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05003271 (first posted: 12/08/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sarmento
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, University of Manitoba, Room 334 - 771 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Rachel Adodo
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, University of Manitoba, Room 334 - 771 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Greg Hodges
- Health Sciences Centre. Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sandra C Webber
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Diana C Sanchez-Ramirez
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, University of Manitoba, Room 334 - 771 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada.
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Lee CKK, Chan KNJ, Wong SMC, Wong HSG, Lei HCJ, So YK, Fung SCV, Chu STR, Chung KKA, Cheng PWC, Lo KYH, Chan WC, Chang WC. Relationships between psychopathological symptoms, pandemic-related stress, perceived social support, and COVID-19 infection history: a network analysis in Chinese college students. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1340101. [PMID: 38370557 PMCID: PMC10873916 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1340101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous coronavirus, 2019 (COVID-19) research has applied network analysis to examine relationships between psychopathological symptoms but rarely extended to potential risk and protective factors or the influence of COVID-19 infection history. This study examined complex inter-relationships between psychopathological symptoms, COVID-19-related stressors, perceived social support, and COVID-19 infection history among Chinese university/college students during the peak of fifth pandemic wave using a network analysis approach. Methods A Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator-regularized partial correlation network using Gaussian graphical model was constructed in 1,395 Chinese university/college students in Hong Kong who completed a survey between 15 March and 3 April, 2022. Depressive, anxiety, and acute/traumatic stress symptoms were measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Impact of Event Scale-6, respectively. COVID-19-related stressors and perceived social support were measured. Network differences by COVID-19 infection history (COVID-network vs. no_COVID-network) and network communities were examined. Results Our results showed that the most influential nodes were depressed mood, uncontrollable worries, and uncontrollable thoughts about COVID-19. The main bridging symptoms were concentration problems and psychomotor problems. The COVID-network, comprising participants with a history of COVID-19 infection only, was significantly stronger than the no_COVID-network. Perceived social support and stress from conflicts with family/friends formed a unique community with negative cognition and suicidal idea in the COVID-network only. Conclusion Our findings indicate that specific interventions targeting interpersonal conflicts and concentration problems as well as facilitating stress buffering effects of social support may represent effective strategies to reduce psychological distress in university/college students during COVID-19 and should be considered for future pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kei Krystal Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwun Nam Joe Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau Man Corine Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hou Sem Gabbie Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hiu Ching Janet Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Kiu So
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi Cheng Vivian Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai Ting Ryan Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kar Kin Albert Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Wing Calvin Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Ying Heidi Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Chi Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Ozer S. Social support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and well-being during COVID-19 lockdown: A two-wave study of Danish students. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:42-52. [PMID: 37489595 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Societal lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed everyday life across the globe, including requirements of social distancing that might limit the social support people derive from social interaction. Social support has proven to be a vital resource for well-being (i.e., perceived stress and satisfaction with life) and coping during societal challenges. The present study examined how social support is associated with perceived stress and life satisfaction through self-efficacy and self-esteem among Danish students (N = 204). These psychological constructs were examined both during and after lockdown, assessing the possible aversive psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results did not yield any significant changes in either the mean scores of the constructs or the indirect effects model across the two time points. Moreover, the results indicate that social support derived from a significant person, family, and friends - but not student peers - is negatively linked with perceived stress and positively associated with life satisfaction through both self-efficacy and self-esteem. Although societal lockdown did not yield significant psychological impact, the results highlight the importance of social support among students, both during and after lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ozer
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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10
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Xie Y, Zeng F, Dai Z. The Links Among Cumulative Ecological Risk and Smartphone Addiction, Sleep Quality in Chinese University Freshmen: A Two-Wave Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:379-392. [PMID: 38317739 PMCID: PMC10840536 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s445166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose While previous research has highlighted the influence of family, school, and peer factors on smartphone addiction and sleep quality, the cumulative effects of these risk factors and their underlying causal relationships remain poorly understood. Therefore, based on the cumulative risk model and the bioecological model of human development, this study examined the longitudinal associations between cumulative ecological risk and smartphone addiction and sleep quality. Methods A survey was conducted among 653 Chinese university freshmen (mean age 18.56) at two distinct time points, with a 6-month interval. The initial assessment focused on family, school, and peer risk factors, while the subsequent assessment focused on smartphone addiction and sleep quality. Results Approximately 63.71% of university freshmen were found to be at risk of exposure. Compared to other risk-exposure groups, the group with no-risk exposure exhibited the lowest scores for smartphone addiction and sleep quality. The relationships between cumulative ecological risk and smartphone addiction and sleep quality displayed a linear pattern and a discernible "gradient effect". Smartphone addiction was identified as a fully mediating factor in the link between cumulative ecological risk and sleep quality, with a mediating effect value of 0.08 (representing 44.44% of the total effect). Conclusion University freshmen face various risks associated with their families, schools, and peers. The cumulative ecological risk can, directly and indirectly, impact sleep quality by influencing smartphone addiction. Given the observed "gradient effect" of cumulative ecological risk on smartphone addiction and sleep quality, it is imperative to adopt comprehensive risk prevention strategies to mitigate the impact of each risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Xie
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Zeng
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Dai
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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11
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van Rijn L, Metz MJ, van der Velden PR, Mathijsen P, Swildens WE, Schellekens AFA, Cahn W, Milota MM, Zinkstok JR. 'I am proud of how I handled it'. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions on well-being of adults with severe mental illness using qualitative methods. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13983. [PMID: 38348759 PMCID: PMC10862174 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related restrictions globally impacted mental health, particularly for those with pre-existing severe mental illness (SMI). This qualitative study examined how adults with SMI perceived the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions in the Netherlands, focusing on their personal recovery, well-being and daily life, including an exploration of factors influencing these effects. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied. Purposive sampling was used to ensure diversity of individuals with SMI (i.e., age, gender, diagnosis, cultural background and mental healthcare institution). RESULTS Twenty participants (median age: 45 years [SD: 12, 8]; 11 females) were interviewed between May and July 2023. Findings revealed a wide range of experiences: while some individuals reported a negative impact on their existing psychiatric symptoms, others described adaptability, resilience and even positive effects of COVID-19 restrictions on their mental health and well-being. Factors influencing the heterogeneic perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions include the availability of trusted social relationships and enduring interactions with health professionals. CONCLUSION Personalised support, both socially and professionally, is crucial for addressing fears, building resilience, reducing isolation and encouraging positive coping strategies for individuals with SMI during external crises. In this project, a participatory research approach that integrated the lived experience perspective helped uncover the unique perceptions of people with SMI with regard to the pandemic and related restrictions. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The study used a participatory action research approach, with experts-by-experience involved in every stage of the project as part of the research team. This included engagement with the funding application process, recruitment strategies for interviews, developing the interview guide, piloting the interview, interpreting findings, and knowledge dissemination activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. van Rijn
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute For Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M. J. Metz
- GGz BreburgInstitute for Mental Health CareBredaThe Netherlands
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and WellbeingTilburg UniversityTilburgThe Netherlands
| | | | - P. Mathijsen
- GGz BreburgInstitute for Mental Health CareBredaThe Netherlands
| | - W. E. Swildens
- Altrecht, Institute for Mental Health CareUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Inholland University of Applied ScienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - A. F. A. Schellekens
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute For Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - W. Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Altrecht, Institute for Mental Health CareUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M. M. Milota
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - J. R. Zinkstok
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute For Brain, Cognition, and BehaviorNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain CenterUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Mental Health CareNijmegenThe Netherlands
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12
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Jamil B, Su J. Multidimensional social support and associations between COVID-19 stress and depressive/anxiety outcomes among Hispanic/Latinx and White first-year college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38227914 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2299413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to greater depression and anxiety among college students. Social support may alleviate this risk. We examined how social support from family, friends, and romantic partners may influence internalizing psychopathology outcomes associated with COVID-19-related stressful events. Participants: Participants were first-years (N = 425, 34.8% Hispanic/Latinx, 74.9% female) enrolled in a United States public university. Methods: Participants completed an online survey in Fall of 2020. Linear regression models examined associations between COVID-19 stressors, social support, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and differences between White and Hispanic/Latinx students. Results: Reported COVID-19 stressors were associated with elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms and higher among Hispanic/Latinx students. Family and friend support were negatively associated with both internalizing outcomes. Partner support was negatively associated with depression and more predictive among White students whereas friend support was for Hispanic/Latinx students' anxiety. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of social connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Jamil
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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13
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Kim MS, Cho SI. Factors influencing psychological concerns about COVID-19 in South Korea: direct and indirect damage during the early stages of pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:54. [PMID: 38166932 PMCID: PMC10763012 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has led to psychological concerns, the distribution of which across populations may differ depending on whether pandemic-related damage is direct or indirect. This study aims to investigate concerns associated with direct and indirect damage according to population characteristics, and identify relatively vulnerable groups that are particularly affected by concerns. METHOD This cross-sectional study used data from the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey, which collected data based on a complex sampling design. A total of 208,106 responses from individuals aged ≥ 19 were collected via in-person interviews. The items related to COVID-19 concerns were measured by Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5 and categorized into two types: direct concerns, which pertained to infection or death, and indirect concerns, which pertained to criticism, vulnerability, and economic damage, through factor analysis. We compared the means and effect size of direct concerns, indirect concerns, and overall concerns using weighted mean, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure for psychological concerns about COVID-19 (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.06), which were divided into direct and indirect concerns. Mean scores were 3.62 for direct concerns and 4.07 for indirect concerns. Direct concerns were higher in females (B = .26); the elderly (B = .15); those diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes (B = .04; B = .06); those with few assistants during quarantine (B = .15); and those whose neighbors responded inappropriately to COVID-19 (B = .07). Indirect concerns were lower among the elderly (B = -.04), and higher among young; married (B = .25); pink- or blue-collar workers (B = .08; B = .06); and those who felt that the city responded inappropriately to COVID-19 (B = .02). CONCLUSION The prevalence of concerns regarding direct and indirect damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic differed according to population characteristics. Some factors had a marked influence on direct and indirect concerns. Our findings could inform psychological interventions and policies for future pandemics. Customized interventions are needed to prevent negative psychological concerns and improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sung Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Castarlenas E, Galán S, Solé E, Roy R, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Jensen MP, Miró J. Perceived Stress, Perceived Social Support, and Global Health in Adults with Chronic Pain. Int J Behav Med 2023:10.1007/s12529-023-10250-6. [PMID: 38129718 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a common problem in adults that can have a significant impact on individuals' quality of life and on society. The complex pain experience emerges from a dynamic combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Previous research has shown that social support has positive effects on health-related outcomes through two mechanisms: direct-effects and stress-buffering effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the role that perceived stress, perceived social support, and their interaction play as predictors of global physical health and global mental health in adults with chronic pain. METHOD One hundred sixty-five adults with chronic pain completed measures of pain, perceived stress, perceived social support, global physical health, and global mental health. RESULTS Perceived stress but not perceived social support made a significant and independent contribution to the prediction of global physical health; both perceived stress and perceived social support made independent contributions to the prediction of global mental health. The perceived stress × perceived social support interaction did not make a significant contribution to the prediction of either criterion variable. The results suggested that perceived stress has an impact on both global physical and mental health, whereas perceived social support associated mostly with global mental health. In addition, perceived social support does not appear to moderate the impact of stress on global physical and mental health. CONCLUSION The findings are more consistent with a direct-effects model than a stress-buffering model of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Castarlenas
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Santiago Galán
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Solé
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Roy
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mark P Jensen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordi Miró
- Unit for the Study and Treatment of Pain - ALGOS, Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain.
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15
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Gouin J, de la Torre‐Luque A, Sánchez‐Carro Y, Geoffroy M, Essau C. Heterogeneity in the trajectories of psychological distress among late adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12195. [PMID: 38054054 PMCID: PMC10694544 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has constrained opportunities in social, educational and professional domains, leading to developmental challenges for adolescents initiating their transition to adulthood. Meta-analysis indicated that there was a small increase in psychological distress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant heterogeneity in the psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic was noted. Developmental antecedents as well as social processes may account for such heterogeneity. The goal of this study was to characterize trajectories of psychological distress in late adolescence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods 5014 late adolescents born between 2000 and 2002 from the UK Millennium Cohort Study completed online self-reported assessments at three occasions during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020, September/October 2020 and February/March 2021). These surveys assessed psychological distress, loneliness, social support, family conflict, as well as other pandemic stressors. Information on developmental antecedents were obtained when cohort members were 17 years of age. Results Four distinct trajectories class were identified. Normative class (52.13%) experienced low and decreasing levels of psychological distress, while moderately increasing class (31.84%) experienced a small, but significant increase in distress over time and increasing class (8.75%) exhibited a larger increase in distress after the first wave of the pandemic. Inverted U-shaped class (7.29%) experienced elevated psychological distress during the first wave of the pandemic, followed by a decrease in distress in subsequent waves of the pandemic. Larger longitudinal increases in loneliness were noted among individuals in the elevated distress trajectory, compared to other trajectories. Pre-pandemic psychopathology was associated with elevated distress early in the pandemic. Conclusions The largest trajectory showed low and declining psychological distress, highlighting the resilience of the majority of late adolescents. However, a subgroup of adolescents experienced large increases in psychological distress, identifying a group of individuals more vulnerable to pandemic-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro de la Torre‐Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and PathologyUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERSAM ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Yolanda Sánchez‐Carro
- Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM)Carlos III Health InstituteMadridSpain
| | - Marie‐Claude Geoffroy
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill University and Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
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16
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Oliveira JLD, Almeida JCPD, Pauli AJCD, Moitinho MR, Fiorati RC, Souza JD. Impactos psicosociales de la pandemia de COVID-19 en mujeres de asentamientos rurales: estudio longitudinal. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6123.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumen Objetivo: analizar los impactos psicosociales de la pandemia de COVID-19 en mujeres brasileñas de asentamientos rurales. Método: se trata de un estudio longitudinal cuantitativo con 13 mujeres asentadas. Los datos se recolectaron entre enero de 2020 y septiembre de 2021 mediante cuestionarios sobre percepción del entorno social (calidad de vida, apoyo social, autoeficacia), síntomas de trastorno mental común y aspectos sociodemográficos. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, análisis de conglomerados y análisis de varianza. Resultados: se identificaron condiciones de vulnerabilidad entrelazadas que posiblemente exacerbaron los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia. El dominio físico de la calidad de vida fluctuó de manera diferente e inversa de acuerdo a los síntomas del trastorno mental. En cuanto al dominio psicológico, al final del segmento, se identificó un aumento en el tiempo en toda la muestra, dado que la percepción de las mujeres era mejor que antes de la pandemia. Conclusión: hay que destacar el empeoramiento de la salud física de las participantes que, probablemente, puede estar relacionado con la dificultad para acceder a los servicios de salud durante ese período y el miedo al contagio. A pesar de eso, las participantes fueron resilientes emocionalmente durante todo el período e, inclusive, tuvieron signos de mejoría en los aspectos psicológicos, lo que sugiere un posible efecto de la organización comunitaria del asentamiento.
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17
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Lebow JL. Another editor's farewell. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1273-1280. [PMID: 38055997 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay L Lebow
- Family Process and Family Institute at Northwestern, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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18
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Oliveira JLD, Almeida JCPD, Pauli AJCD, Moitinho MR, Fiorati RC, Souza JD. Os impactos psicossociais da pandemia de COVID-19 entre mulheres assentadas: estudo longitudinal. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6123.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: analisar os impactos psicossociais da pandemia de COVID-19 entre mulheres brasileiras de assentamentos rurais. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo longitudinal com 13 mulheres assentadas. Os dados foram coletados entre janeiro de 2020 e setembro de 2021 utilizando questionários sobre a percepção do ambiente social (qualidade de vida, apoio social, autoeficácia), sintomas de transtorno mental comum e aspectos sociodemográficos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, análise de agrupamento e de variância. Resultados: foram identificadas condições de vulnerabilidade interseccionadas que, possivelmente, exacerbaram os desafios decorrentes da pandemia. O domínio físico da qualidade de vida oscilou diferentemente e inversamente de acordo com os sintomas de transtorno mental. Quanto ao domínio psicológico, no final do segmento, identificou-se em toda a amostra um incremento ao longo do tempo, pois a percepção das mulheres estava melhor do que antes da pandemia. Conclusão: a piora na saúde física das participantes merece destaque e, provavelmente, pode estar relacionada à dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde neste período bem como ao medo da contaminação. Apesar disso, as participantes apresentaram-se emocionalmente resilientes em todo o período, inclusive, com sinais de melhora em relação aos aspectos psicológicos, sugerindo um possível efeito da organização comunitária do assentamento.
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19
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Lee CD, Kim H, Cooper R, Beach SR. Changes in Caregiver Burden in Older Adults' Caregivers During the COVID-19 Outbreak. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2023:15394492231214961. [PMID: 38006242 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231214961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in caregiver burden during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study sample included 827 caregivers for older adults (65+) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) COVID-19 data set. We used paired t-tests to analyze data. The caregivers' assistance in basic and instrumental activities of daily living for care recipients, as well as the amount of time they provided, increased significantly (all ps < .001) during the pandemic compared with before. Approximately, 40% of caregivers reported changes in the amount of assistance they provided during the pandemic. Financial, emotional, and physical difficulties among caregivers have increased, with emotional difficulties being the most frequently reported. The majority of caregivers reported not utilizing any social services during the pandemic. The pandemic may have heightened the caregiver burden. It is important to ensure that caregivers have access to and utilize social services in a physically and psychologically safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Dae Lee
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hansol Kim
- National Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Family Support, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rosemarie Cooper
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott R Beach
- National Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Family Support, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Sorjonen K, Melin B. Prospective associations between social support and posttraumatic stress disorder may be spurious: A re-meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and a simulation. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:174-180. [PMID: 37557992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent meta-analysis concluded to have found proof for both a social causation model, according to which social support protects against posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a social selection model, which claims that PTSD erodes social support. However, the prospective cross-lagged effects were estimated while adjusting for a prior measurement of the outcome and this method is vulnerable for spurious findings due to correlations with residuals and regression toward the mean. The present re-analyses of the meta-analytic effects indicated that depending on used model one can choose to claim that social support has either a decreasing, an increasing, or no prospective effect on subsequent change in PTSD symptom severity, and vice versa. Therefore, claims over and above a negative cross-sectional correlation between social support and PTSD, including the social causation and social selection models, can be questioned. The findings were validated by analyses of simulated data, which indicated that prospective effects were not necessary for the observed meta-analytic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bo Melin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Bi Y, Xiao Y, Pan X, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Hu L. Long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms in COVID-19 survivors and its risk factors: a two-year longitudinal cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 329:115523. [PMID: 37812942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread mental health problems, necessitating the investigation of longitudinal mental health changes, associated risk factors, and neural mechanisms in survivors. We recorded demographics, mental health, social support, and potential exposures in survivors at 3 months (n = 189), 6 months (n = 47), and 2 years (n = 69) post-discharge and collected brain imaging data at the second timepoint. Control groups included non-COVID-19 locals (3 months: n = 188, 6 months: n = 42, 2 years: n = 71). Results indicated that female survivors exhibited higher post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depression levels than female controls for up to 2 years, along with higher anxiety level for up to 6 months. Male survivors had higher PTSS, depression, and anxiety levels than male controls at 2 months. Moreover, COVID-related trauma and low social support were risk factors for PTSS and negative emotions in survivors. Neuroimaging revealed increased amygdala activity in male survivors and correlations between hippocampus activity and depression symptoms as well as between right hippocampus activity and social support. Our study emphasized the importance of monitoring mental wellness in COVID-19 survivors and underscored the crucial role of social support in mitigating mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Quanqi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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22
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Wang C, Zhou R, Zhang X. Positive Childhood Experiences and Depression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4105-4115. [PMID: 37850192 PMCID: PMC10577255 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s426078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, mental health concerns have become more prevalent worldwide. However, there is a lack of research specifically addressing the mental well-being of college art students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among college music students and explore the factors that predict and alleviate these symptoms amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods An online survey was conducted among college music students (n = 407) from two universities at May 2022 in China. Self-report scales were used to measure levels of depression (Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale), positive childhood experiences (Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale), social support (Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and regulatory emotional self-efficacy (Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale). Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the hypothesized effects of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and social support in the relationship between positive childhood experiences and depression. Results Results showed that, the prevalence of depression symptoms of the current study sample was 64.13%, positive childhood experiences had a significant and negative predictive effect on the depression of college music students, and the relation was partially mediated by regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Furthermore, social support moderated the relationship between positive childhood experiences and regulatory emotional self-efficacy, the relation was significant only for students with higher levels of social support, social support may enhance and amplify the positive impacts of positive childhood experiences on regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Conclusion The findings reveal a significant prevalence of depression among college music students during the COVID-19 epidemic, underscoring the seriousness of the issue. Moreover, this study contributes to a deeper comprehension of how positive childhood experiences alleviate depression among college music students. These insights hold potential for informing mental health education initiatives tailored to college art students in the post-pandemic era, offering valuable guidance for promoting their well-being and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wang
- School of Music, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Marxism, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Iqbal H, Lockyer B, Iqbal S, Dickerson J. "We lost a lot, but something good came out of it too:" Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental wellbeing of British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292614. [PMID: 37796936 PMCID: PMC10553472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions caused major disruption globally, shedding light on the unprecedented strain upon the mental health and wellbeing of individuals around the world. Poor mental health in the pandemic is reported to be greater in women, with mothers being at increased risk. It is unclear whether there are differences in the impact of mental wellbeing on some ethnic groups over others. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, two years on from the first lockdown. METHODS Qualitative interviews with women were conducted via telephone using a semi-structured topic guide. The sample included 25 British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities, both English and non-English speaking. Women lived in households that ranged in number and included extended family. Key themes were determined using thematic analysis. RESULTS Results were grouped under three themes. These were (1) Community, cultural and religious contributors to poor mental wellbeing, (2) religious and cultural mediators of mental distress, and (3) perceived positive impact on lifestyle. British Muslim Pakistani women were psychologically distressed by the high rates of virus transmission and deaths in their communities and at the prospect of older members of their extended family developing the virus. The impact of restrictions on fundamental religious and cultural interactions further exacerbated poor mental wellbeing in this population. Religion, community social capital and larger household structures were all effective coping strategies for British Muslim Pakistani women. Positive impacts of the pandemic included becoming closer to family and faith, and increased work/life harmony. CONCLUSIONS An exploration of religious and cultural coping mechanisms should be used to inform future national pandemic preparedness plans, as well as effective strategies for building and maintaining social capital. This may increase adherence to physical distancing and other protective behaviours in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Iqbal
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget Lockyer
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Syka Iqbal
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Josie Dickerson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Lu J, Wang B, Dou X, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Ji H, Chen X, Sun M, Duan Y, Pan Y, Chen Y, Yi Y, Zhou L. Moderating effects of perceived social support on self-efficacy and psychological well-being of Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1207723. [PMID: 37841725 PMCID: PMC10570434 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1207723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nurses experience significant physical and psychological stress that negatively influences their psychological well-being. The objective of this study was to explore the association between self-efficacy and psychological well-being among Chinese nurses and to assess the moderating effects of perceived social support (PSS). Methods In 2020, a hospital-based cross-sectional study using a multistage random sampling approach was performed in five regions of Liaoning, China. Of the 1,200 surveyed nurses, 1,010 completed questionnaires that evaluated the demographic information, 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. To examine the factors associated with mental health parameters, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. The interactions were visualized using a simple slope analysis. Results The mean depression and anxiety scores for Chinese nurses were 8.74 ± 3.50 and 6.18 ± 3.26, respectively. The association between self-efficacy and depression differed between the low perceived social support (PSS) group (1 SD below the mean, β = -0.169, p < 0.01) and high PSS group (1 SD above the mean, β = -0.077, p < 0.01). Similarly, the association between self-efficacy and anxiety differed between the low PSS group (1 SD below the mean, β = -0.155, p < 0.01) and high PSS group (1 SD above the mean, β = -0.044, p < 0.01). Conclusion We found that Chinese nurses experienced high levels of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, PSS moderates the relationship between self-efficacy and psychological well-being. Therefore, interventions targeting self-efficacy and PSS should be implemented to improve the psychological well-being of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Lu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoqiang Ji
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxin Duan
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanping Pan
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunting Chen
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaohui Yi
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Nyondo-Mipando AL, Nyirenda D, Suwedi-Kapesa L, Chirwa M, Mwapasa V. "Why take the patient back home?": Exploring the lived experiences of caregivers of COVID-19-infected individuals in Blantyre, Malawi. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001601. [PMID: 37756270 PMCID: PMC10529612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to have serious health and socio-economic consequences. In Malawi, COVID-19 cases are managed at home, with hospital admission reserved for severe cases. This study described the lived experiences of caregivers of COVID-19-infected individuals in Blantyre, Malawi. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted from January to June 2021 in Blantyre, Malawi, among caregivers of confirmed SARS-COV-2 cases enrolled in the SARS-CoV-2 study and aimed to explore infections, transmission dynamics, and household impact. We conducted 37 in-depth interviews with caregivers of SARS-COV-2 cases who were purposively sampled. We captured data using telephonic interviews, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, managed using NVivo, and analysed it using a thematic approach guided by the theory of caregiving dynamics. Caregivers stated that the economic status of a family largely influenced caregiving roles and abilities because it determined the resources that a household could access or not. Caregivers expressed being committed to their role despite being ill-prepared to manage a COVID-19 patient at home, in addition to fears about the contagious nature of COVID-19. They prioritised their patients' health by ensuring that they were present to offer nutritional and medical treatment. Caregivers highlighted challenges faced in the implementation of preventive measures because of financial limitations and cultural factors. They further expressed fear resulting from the increase in death rates, and the lack of proper information challenged their expectation of having their patients healed. Caregivers stated that they managed their role by sharing responsibilities, getting better at it with time, and getting support from religious institutions and social networks. Caring for confirmed cases of COVID-19 demanded commitment from the caregivers while ensuring that the transmission of the virus was minimised. There is a need to support households in isolation with the right information on how to manage their patients and streamline social support for the ultra-poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, School of Global and Public Health Kamuzu University Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Leticia Suwedi-Kapesa
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, School of Global and Public Health Kamuzu University Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Marumbo Chirwa
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, School of Global and Public Health Kamuzu University Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Victor Mwapasa
- Department of Public Health, School of Global and Public Health Kamuzu University Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
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Shi W, Donovan EE, Quaack KR, Mackert M, Shaffer AL, De Luca DM, Nolan-Cody H, Yang J. A Reasoned Action Approach to Social Connection and Mental Health: Racial Group Differences and Similarities in Attitudes, Norms, and Intentions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37733424 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2259690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This study employed a Reasoned Action Approach to investigate two communication behaviors that were being built into a statewide behavioral health campaign: initiating a conversation about one's own mental health struggles, and starting a conversation to discuss someone else's mental health difficulties. We examined whether the extent of attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control regarding intent to perform these behaviors varied by racial identity. Using original survey data from Texans (N = 2,033), we conducted regression analyses for the two communication behaviors and found that intention to seek help was primarily explained by instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, and perceived capacity; and intention to start a conversation to help someone else was primarily explained by instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, and perceived capacity. Additionally, we identified important common and distinct determinants of the two behaviors across different racial groups. Implications for health communication campaign message development and audience segmentation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Shi
- Center for Health Communication, Moody College of Communication & Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Erin E Donovan
- Center for Health Communication, Moody College of Communication & Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Karly R Quaack
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Michael Mackert
- Center for Health Communication, Moody College of Communication & Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
- Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Audrey L Shaffer
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Daniela M De Luca
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Haley Nolan-Cody
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Jiahua Yang
- Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin
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Jubin J, Delmas P, Gilles I, Oulevey Bachmann A, Ortoleva Bucher C. Factors protecting Swiss nurses' health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:306. [PMID: 37674166 PMCID: PMC10483854 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic reached Europe in early 2020 and impacted nurses over a prolonged period, notably causing heavy work overloads. Exposure to sources of stress in such situations is inevitable, which can put nurses' health at risk. The present study took a salutogenic approach to investigating nurses' health and the principal factors protecting it found in the literature (i.e., resilience, post-traumatic growth, social support, and certain organizational factors), as well as how those elements evolved from February 2021 to September 2022. METHODS All nurses working at eight French-speaking Swiss hospitals who accepted to disseminate the study to their employees were invited to complete an online questionnaire at four time points (February 2021, September 2021, March 2022, and September 2022: T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively) and respond to items measuring their health, factors protecting their health, and their perceived stress levels. Data were analyzed using random-intercept linear regression models. RESULTS A cumulated total of 1013 responses were collected over all measurement points (625 responses at T0; 153 at T1; 146 at T2; 89 at T3). Results revealed that nurses' health had not changed significantly between measurements. However, their perceived stress levels, feelings of being supported by their management hierarchies, and belief that they had the means to deliver a high quality of work all diminished. At every measurement point, nurses' health was negatively associated with perceived stress and positively associated with resilience, perceived social support, and the belief that they were provided with the means to deliver a high quality of work. CONCLUSION Despite the difficult conditions caused by the pandemic, the factors recognized as protective of nurses' health played their role. The lack of improvements in nurses' health in periods when the pandemic's effects lessened suggests that the pressure they were experiencing did not drop during these moments. This phenomenon may have been due to the need to clear backlogs in scheduled surgery and the work overloads caused by prolonged staff absences and nurses quitting the profession. Monitoring changes in nurses' health is thus crucial, as is establishing measures that promote factors protective of their health. Organizational factors influencing nurses' working conditions are also key and should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jubin
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Delmas
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Gilles
- Lausanne University Hospital, Rue de Bugnon 21, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Annie Oulevey Bachmann
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ortoleva Bucher
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
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Kaur N, Stephens C. An Examination of Coping Strategies that Moderated the Effects of COVID-19-Related Stress on Anxiety Among Older Adults in Aotearoa/NZ. J Aging Health 2023:8982643231199141. [PMID: 37655482 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231199141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: 1. To describe perceived stress and changes in anxiety and coping among older adults between 2018 and 2020. 2. To examine the moderating roles of social support, exercise, alcohol use, and smoking on the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety. Methods: Longitudinal data collected from 3275 participants (M = 68.1 years) as part of the NZ Health, Work, and Retirement study's 2018 and 2020 biennial surveys, were analyzed using hierarchical regression. Results: Older adults perceived COVID-19 as a low-level source of stress. Social support and alcohol use moderated the relationship between perceived mental stress and anxiety. At high-stress levels, only social support exerted a protective effect against the negative impact of stress on anxiety. Discussion: These findings support the general resilience of many older adults and highlight the effectiveness of coping strategies used by those groups who are more likely to be vulnerable to mental stress during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Penachiotti FDF, Yamaguchi MU, Mana A, Sagy S, Grossi-Milani R. Sense of coherence and social support as predictors of mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76Suppl 1:e20220468. [PMID: 37556675 PMCID: PMC10405388 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to verify the role of sense of coherence, sense of national coherence, social support and trust in institutions to predict mental health in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS a cross-sectional study, carried out from November, 2020 to January, 2021 via an online survey. Standardized instruments were used. The sample consisted of 1,630 Brazilians. Pearson's correlation and linear regression were performed in data analysis. RESULTS sense of coherence was the only predictor of anxiety [β= -0.61; p<0.001], explaining 38% of the variance in its scores, while sense of coherence [β= 0.52; p<0.001], sense of national coherence [β= 0.16; p<0.001], and social support [β= 0.15; p<0.001] predicted positive mental health and together explained 51% of its variance. CONCLUSIONS the findings suggest that sense of coherence, sense of national coherence and social support represent important predictors for mental health and that strengthening these resources, could potentially promote Brazilians' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirian Ueda Yamaguchi
- Universidade Cesumar. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adi Mana
- Peres Academic Center. Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Sagy
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rute Grossi-Milani
- Universidade Cesumar. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Polizzi CP, McDonald CW, Sleight FG, Lynn SJ. Resilience, Coping, and the Covid-19 Pandemic Across the Globe - an Update: What Have we Learned? CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:316-326. [PMID: 37791081 PMCID: PMC10544248 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a mass traumatic event that has universally and indiscriminately negatively affected the world. The adverse consequences of the pandemic have globally impacted psychological health and well-being via increased stressors, such as uncertainty, health anxieties, and financial instability. During the initial months of the pandemic, we (Polizzi et al., 2020) identified coping strategies that may be well-suited to address the sequelae of the pandemic. These strategies included behavioral activation, acceptance-based coping, mindfulness practice, and loving-kindness meditation. We argued that these coping skills may foster resilience and recovery during the pandemic by generating a sense of social connection, encouraging meaning-making, and enhancing feelings of control amid uncertainty. Three years later, we update our initial suggestions by providing a narrative review that considers empirical evidence collected during the pandemic to support the utility of the previously identified coping strategies as well as additional strategies. We also discuss cross-cultural similarities and differences among these strategies and how research supports their application across diverse countries and groups. Finally, we conclude by synthesizing the literature within a regulatory flexibility framework that emphasizes flexible skill implementation with respect to sensitivity to context, coping repertoires, and feedback from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Polizzi
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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Abuhammad S, Hamaideh S, Gharaibeh M, Assaf EA, Al-Qasem H, Eldeirawi K. Depression among Jordanian women during pregnancy in COVID-19: Role of social support. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
<b>Aims:</b> To describe the level of depression and social support experienced by pregnant Jordanian women and assess the role of support and other factors on depression level among a sample of Jordanian women during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br />
<b>Method</b>: The study invitation and link to an online survey were shared during November 2021 via social media and through word of mouth. A convenience sample of 434 pregnant women completed the study questionnaire, which included questions on their COVID-19 status, demographics, depression, and social. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale (CES-D).<br />
<b>Results</b>: The prevalence of depression among women during pregnancy was 28.3%. The mean of depression score among women during pregnancy was 24.3±4.4. The prevalence of social support among women during pregnancy were (63%). The mean social support score among the participants was 39.3±9.1. Factors associated with a higher depression score included not get influenza vaccination, not having insurance, described life as poor, having pressure, and not having social support.<br />
<b>Conclusion:</b> This is a national study among women during pregnancy in Jordan. The study found that people who took influenza vaccination, having insurance, described life as poor, and having pressure, they experience more depression than other people. Moreover, our study found as social support increased, the depression decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JORDAN
| | - Shaher Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, JORDAN
| | - Muntaha Gharaibeh
- Faculty of Nursing, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, JORDAN
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JORDAN
| | - Enas A Assaf
- Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, JORDAN
| | | | - Kamal Eldeirawi
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Scandurra C, Mezzalira S, Aviani S, Lastra V, Bochicchio V, Zapparella R, Saccone G, Maldonato NM, Locci M. Perinatal depression during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in a single prenatal clinic in Southern Italy: The role of loneliness, anxiety, and maternal support. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 13:100585. [PMID: 37152681 PMCID: PMC10141786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current study aimed at assessing the levels of perinatal depression (i.e., both antenatal and postnatal) during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in a group of Italian women, as well as to evaluate the role of loneliness, anxiety, and lack of maternal support in cumulatively predicting perinatal depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 Italian women recruited during a peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (i.e., from September to December 2021) from a single prenatal clinic in Southern Italy. A non-parametric binomial test was conducted to assess whether the perinatal depression frequencies of the current sample differed from those found in a pre-Covid reference group. Additionally, hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses assessing whether loneliness, anxiety, and maternal support affected women's perinatal depression were also conducted. Results The general prevalence of perinatal depression was significantly higher in participants recruited during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-Covid reference group (29% vs. 9.2%). However, results showed that, contrary to postnatal depression (18.2% vs. 19.9%), only the prevalence of antenatal depression was significantly higher compared to the pre-Covid reference group (39.6% vs. 6.4%). Furthermore, loneliness and anxiety, but not maternal support, were associated with higher levels of PD. Limitations Limitations concerned the cross-sectional nature of the study and the relatively small sample size. Conclusions This study sheds light on the need to address perinatal mental health of women during major stressful events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Scandurra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Selene Mezzalira
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci Cubo 18/C, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Silvia Aviani
- Intradepartmental Program of Clinical Psychology, Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Valeria Lastra
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bochicchio
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci Cubo 18/C, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zapparella
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Nelson Mauro Maldonato
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Locci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli 80133, Italy
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Zeng F, John WCM, Sun X, Wang Y. COVID-19-associated impact and post-traumatic stress symptoms 39 days after pandemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese college students: the mediating effecting of past stressful events, psychological resilience, and social support. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:379. [PMID: 37254082 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 outbreak, most Chinese college students were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. COVID-19-associated impact has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of post-traumatic symptoms disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the psychological processes that mediate this association. This study investigated the association between COVID-19-associated impact and PTSD and examined whether past stressful events, psychological resilience, and social support have mediating effects on this association. METHODS The 12,397 valid responses from 31cities in China via an online survey assessed PTSD symptoms, past stressful events, psychological resilience, social support and social-demographic variables. AMOS was used to test the hypotheses of mediating effects. RESULTS On the 39th day of the declared COVID-19 epidemic in China, 6.75% of the surveyed sample showed PTSD symptoms. A positive mediating effect of past stressful events was found between COVID-19-associated impact and PTSD, whereas psychological resilience and social support had negative mediating effects. The fit indices for the path model were found to be significant (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), COVID-19-associated impact indirectly affects the risk of PTSD through mediating pathways (past stressful events → psychological resilience → social support) on PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Attention should be paid to the effects of past stressful events of Chinese college students who were home-quarantined during the COVID-19 epidemic, and strategies should also be implemented to improve social support and develop psychological resilience. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Southwest Minzu University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Zeng
- Mental Health Education Centre of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wong Chee Meng John
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital & National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueli Sun
- Mental Health Centre of West China Hospital in Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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Veeroja P, Goodall Z, Guity-Zapata NA, Stone W. Private renters in shared housing: investigating housing conditions and mental well-being in Australia during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF HOUSING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT : HBE 2023; 38:1-22. [PMID: 37360071 PMCID: PMC10199738 DOI: 10.1007/s10901-023-10038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Lockdowns were the major policy response to COVID-19 containment in many countries, and subsequently many people spent abnormal amounts of time at home. Research has found that housing conditions affected more peoples' mental health during the COVID-19 crisis than prior to it, and vulnerable groups were especially affected. One group that may be particularly vulnerable is private renters in shared housing. Using a socio-economic lens, our research examined to what extent mental well-being outcomes were associated with housing conditions in shared housing under COVID-19 restrictions in Australia. Data about private renters were obtained from the Australian Rental Housing Conditions Dataset (n = 1908), collected in mid-2020 during the easing of the first lockdown restrictions. Respondents living in shared arrangements reported higher levels of worry and anxiety (8.5-13.2%) and loneliness and isolation (3.7-18.3%) compared to other household types. Binary logistic regressions showed that COVID-19-related mental and financial well-being variables were the main contributors in COVID-19-related worry/anxiety and loneliness/isolation models. Accumulated housing problems were the only housing condition measure that was significant in the worry/anxiety model. Participants who had more than two people living in a household felt 1.4 times lonelier/isolated compared to those who lived with four or more people. Males and participants who reported good mental health were less likely to feel COVID-19-related worry/anxiety and loneliness/isolation. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of measures for mental health and income during a pandemic and concludes with recommendations of support for shared housing renters during and beyond crisis events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piret Veeroja
- Centre for Urban Transitions, School of Social Sciences, Media, Film and Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zoë Goodall
- Centre for Urban Transitions, School of Social Sciences, Media, Film and Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nestor Agustin Guity-Zapata
- Centre for Urban Transitions, School of Social Sciences, Media, Film and Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wendy Stone
- Centre for Urban Transitions, School of Social Sciences, Media, Film and Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Akdağ S, Korkmaz B, Tiftik T, Uzer T. Ruminative reminiscence predicts COVID-related stress symptoms while reflective reminiscence and social reminiscence predict post-COVID growth. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37359596 PMCID: PMC10175912 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Reminiscence refers to the process or act of thinking or telling about past experiences. Few studies address the relationship between reminiscence functions and trauma-related cognitions and emotions. This study aimed to expand the previous literature by investigating the frequency of different types of reminiscence during the COVID-19 pandemic and their relations to the likelihood of developing post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), using an adult sample. Altogether, 184 participants (Mage = 30.38; SD = 10.95) completed the Reminiscence Functions Scale to report the purposes for which they shared their experiences during the first two waves of COVID-19. They also responded to the COVID-Transitional Impact Scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, Revised Form of The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, when considering the first two waves of COVID-19. The results demonstrated that pro-social reminiscence and self-positive reminiscence were significantly more common than self-negative reminiscence. Yet, these differences disappeared when the presence of COVID virus was controlled. Pro-social and self-positive reminiscence significantly predicted PTG beyond demographic characteristics, COVID-19 impact, social support, and resilience. In contrast, only self-negative reminiscence predicted PTSD beyond COVID-19 impact and demographic characteristics. Furthermore, serial mediation analysis indicated that pro-social reminiscence predicted PTG via its association with perceived social support and resilience. Our findings suggest the benefit of using reminiscence therapy-type interventions to facilitate PTG and reduce PTSD after large-scale disasters like pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simay Akdağ
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv. No. 48, 06420 Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
| | - Bilge Korkmaz
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv. No. 48, 06420 Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Tiftik
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv. No. 48, 06420 Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
| | - Tuğba Uzer
- Psychology Department, TED University, Ziya Gokalp Blv. No. 48, 06420 Çankaya, Ankara Turkey
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Louie P, Upenieks L, Hill TD. Cumulative Pandemic Stressors, Psychosocial Resources, and Psychological Distress: Toward a More Comprehensive Test of a Pandemic Stress Process. SOCIETY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023:21568693231165260. [PMCID: PMC10155051 DOI: 10.1177/21568693231165260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the mental health consequences of individual COVID-19 stressors (e.g., bereavement, job loss, or financial strain) have been well-documented, little is known about the cumulative toll of multiple pandemic stressors. Using national data from the Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (May–June 2021), we test whether the accumulation of pandemic stressors is associated with greater psychological distress. We also consider whether this association is moderated by psychosocial resources (i.e., mastery, self-esteem, and social support). Our findings suggest that individuals who report three or more pandemic stressors tend to exhibit greater psychological distress than those who report fewer pandemic stressors or no pandemic stressors. While mastery offsets the impact of pandemic stressors at higher levels of stress exposure (i.e., two or more COVID-19 stressors), social support and self-esteem played a stress-buffering role to a point, but became ineffective at the highest levels of pandemic stress. The current study provides new insights into the pandemic stress process by conceptualizing and operationalizing the cumulative impact of COVID-19 stressors. We also confirm the continued significance of traditional coping resources in the context of novel pandemic stressors.
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Forbes PAG, Pronizius E, Feneberg AC, Nater UM, Piperno G, Silani G, Stijovic A, Lamm C. The effects of social interactions on momentary stress and mood during COVID-19 lockdowns. Br J Health Psychol 2023; 28:306-319. [PMID: 36251581 PMCID: PMC9874800 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social interactions are vital for our well-being, particularly during times of stress. However, previous studies linking social interactions to psychological outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic have largely been retrospective and/or cross-sectional. Thus, we tested four preregistered hypotheses (H1-H4) concerning the real-time effect of social interactions on momentary changes in stress and mood during two COVID-19 lockdowns. DESIGN We used an ecological momentary assessment approach in 732 participants in spring 2020 (burst 1) and in a subsample of these participants (n = 281) during a further lockdown in autumn/winter 2020 (burst 2). METHODS Participants reported their stress and mood in a smartphone app five times per day for 7 days and indicated the nature and frequency of their recent social interactions. RESULTS Social interactions (H1) and their frequency (H2) improved momentary affect (e.g., social interactions increased mood valence: estimate = 2.605, p < .001 for burst 1). This was particularly the case for face-to-face interactions which, compared with other types of interactions, reduced momentary stress (e.g., estimate = -2.285, p < .001 for burst 1) and boosted mood (e.g., estimate = 1.759, p < .001 for burst 1) across both lockdowns, even when controlling for the pleasantness of the interaction and the closeness of the interaction partner (H3). We also show that individual differences in people's responsiveness to different social rewards modulated the impact of social interactions on momentary mood (H4). CONCLUSIONS This study extends findings from cross-sectional and retrospective studies by highlighting the real-time affective benefits of social interactions during COVID-19 lockdown. The results have important implications for the (self-) management of stress and mood during psychologically demanding periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. G. Forbes
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ekaterina Pronizius
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anja C. Feneberg
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Urs M. Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- University of Vienna Research Platform “The Stress of Life – Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress” (SOLE), Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Giulio Piperno
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Giorgia Silani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- University of Vienna Research Platform “The Stress of Life – Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress” (SOLE), Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ana Stijovic
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- University of Vienna Research Platform “The Stress of Life – Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress” (SOLE), Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Dopico-Casal C, Montes C, Fraga I, Vieitez L, Padrón I, Romero E. So far but yet so near: Examining the buffering effect of perceived social support on the psychological impact of Spanish lockdown. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1803-1819. [PMID: 36350844 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to examine the moderating or buffering effect of social support (SS) perceived by university students on the psychological impact of lockdown on mental health. Specifically, a total of 826 participants (622 women) completed an online survey that included standardized measures of anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and irritability (Brief Irritability Test), as well as measures of stressors, perceived SS, and self-perceived change in mental health. The results of hierarchical regression analyses suggest that SS contributes toward attenuating the negative impact of academic stressors, general overload, and interpersonal conflict on the indicators of psychological well-being; however, moderation analysis only confirms the buffering effect for symptoms of anxiety. In conclusion, it is suggested that SS networks need to be strengthened as a basic means of protecting health and well-being during unexpected disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Dopico-Casal
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Cognitive Processes & Behavior Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Montes
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Cognitive Processes & Behavior Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Fraga
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Cognitive Processes & Behavior Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Vieitez
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Cognitive Processes & Behavior Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Padrón
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Cognitive Processes & Behavior Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Estrella Romero
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, UNDERISK, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Strauser CM, Chavez V, Lindsay KR, Figgins MM, DeShaw KJ. College student athlete versus nonathlete mental and social health factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37094253 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated differences in stress, anxiety, and social support between collegiate student-athletes and nonathletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: College students enrolled at a NCAA Division III private liberal arts college in the Midwest. Methods: Participants (n = 58) completed a series of surveys each month for 4 months that included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire. Results: There were significant main effects of time for stress and social support across the 4 months (p < 0.05), but not for anxiety. There was a significant difference in anxiety levels between athletes and nonathletes (p < 0.01), but not for social support or stress (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Nonathletes maintained support networks, or found alternate outlets of support, in addition to coping with anxiety and stress levels when compared to athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Strauser
- Athletic Training Program, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
| | - V Chavez
- Athletic Training Program, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
| | - K R Lindsay
- Athletic Training Program, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
| | - M M Figgins
- Athletic Training Program, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
| | - K J DeShaw
- Kinesiology Program, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
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Kolozsvári LR, Rekenyi V, Garbóczy S, Hőgye-Nagy Á, Szemán-Nagy A, Sayed-Ahmad M, Héjja-Nagy K. Effects of Health Anxiety, Social Support, and Coping on Dissociation with Mediating Role of Perceived Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085491. [PMID: 37107773 PMCID: PMC10138819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to examine whether health anxiety, social support, and ways of coping relate to dissociation directly or only through the mediation of perceived stress, moderated by the time of measurement (lockdown). We investigated the effect of perceived stress on different forms (sub-scales) of dissociation. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted by an online form at two points in time: the beginning and the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS We received a total of 1711 responses. Perceived stress moderately correlated with dissociation in both international and Hungarian samples. Health anxiety showed a strong direct and indirect correlation with dissociation. Regarding social support, the support of family significantly decreased the dissociative experiences in the Hungarian sample mediated by perceived and direct stress. In the international sample, goal-oriented coping strategies strongly decreased all dissociation scales in the first measurement, through the mediation of perceived stress. As for the Hungarian sample, positive thinking was found to decrease dissociation by decreasing perceived stress. CONCLUSION health anxiety, coping, and social support appeared to influence dissociation directly and through the mediation of perceived stress. Social support, mainly support of the family and problem-focused coping strategies may decrease the level of stress, this way decreasing dissociative behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Róbert Kolozsvári
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Viktor Rekenyi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Garbóczy
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hőgye-Nagy
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Szemán-Nagy
- Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Sayed-Ahmad
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Héjja-Nagy
- Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Sun Y, Zeng H, Ye Z, Yang H, Liu Y, Zhu S, Liu N, Wu H, Bian X. Social isolation, psychological distress and resilience of Chinese college students during COVID-19 pandemic. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37036071 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been 3 years since the first appearance of COVID-19 in China. During this time, social isolation was widely used as an important method to fight it. However, this measure had many negative effects on the mental health of college students. To better understand this issue, this study aims to explore the impact of social isolation and COVID-19-related stress on psychological distress among Chinese college students. Additionally, resilience has been evaluated as a key component of stress resistance in this situation. Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were used in this study. A total of 388 Chinese college students participated in the survey via the Internet. Two groups (isolated group vs. non-isolated group) were divided according to whether they have been isolated from their classmates and families. Data analysis adopts t-test, F test and mediate effect analysis by SPSS21.0. (1) All factors, except resilience, were found to have lower scores in the isolated group; (2) significant correlations were found between all factors; (3) resilience partially mitigated the impact of COVID-19 stress on psychological symptoms. Social isolation has been found to be a significant factor contributing to negative psychological distress in Chinese college students. The COVID-19-related stress may increase the likelihood of psychological suffering among isolated group. Resilience can help reduce the negative effects of COVID-19 stress on college students. Therefore, providing appropriate psychological support tailored to different isolation situations is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueYi Sun
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HanJin Zeng
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Zhuang Ye
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HuangYueYing Yang
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - YeXiao Liu
- Psychiatry Department, Zhangjiagang Fourth People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, P.R.China
| | - ShuYue Zhu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HaiYing Wu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - XiaoHua Bian
- School of Educational Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, P.R.China
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Tkalac Verčič A, Špoljarić A. Effects of an external crisis: How internal communication influences employer brands. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Sirois FM. Procrastination and Stress: A Conceptual Review of Why Context Matters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5031. [PMID: 36981941 PMCID: PMC10049005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has continued to highlight the robust associations between procrastination and stress across multiple populations and contexts. Despite this burgeoning evidence base and theory linking procrastination to higher levels of stress, as well as the reverse, the role of context in this potentially dynamic association has received relatively little attention. In this conceptual review I argue that from a mood regulation perspective of procrastination, stressful contexts necessarily increase risk for procrastination because they deplete coping resources and lower the threshold for tolerating negative emotions. Drawing on insights from coping and emotion regulation theory, the new stress context vulnerability model of procrastination proposes that the risk for procrastination increases in stressful contexts primarily because procrastination is a low-resource means of avoiding aversive and difficult task-related emotions. The new model is then applied to evidence on the primary and secondary sources of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they may have increased vulnerability for procrastination. After discussing potential applications of the new model for understanding how and why risk for procrastination may increase in other stressful contexts, approaches that might mitigate vulnerability for procrastination in high-stress contexts are discussed. Overall, this new stress context vulnerability model underscores the need for taking a more compassionate view of the antecedents and factors that may increase the risk for procrastination.
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Tadros E, Presley S, Gomez E. Incarcerated Loved Ones: Building a Community to Support and Advocate on Facebook. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4002. [PMID: 36901012 PMCID: PMC10001839 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with an incarcerated loved one are often overlooked when discussing the impacts of incarceration. It can be difficult for these individuals to navigate the criminal justice system, as well as form meaningful connections and obtain support from others that are experiencing a similar situation. Social media allows for connections to be made between individuals in similar situations that might not be geographically close to one another. Specifically, for those with an incarcerated loved one, the Facebook group "Incarcerated Loved Ones" allows for meaningful connection to others who are navigating incarceration. Posts were collected from this Facebook group, with the themes emerging including COVID, information seeking, and advocacy. Findings, as well as future directions, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Tadros
- Division of Psychology and Counseling, Governors State University, University Park, IL 60441, USA
| | - Sarah Presley
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunice Gomez
- College of Education, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA
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Greenblatt-Kimron L, Shinan-Altman S, Alperin M, Levkovich I. Depression and Medicine Use among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Psychosocial Resources and COVID-19 Perceived Susceptibility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3398. [PMID: 36834090 PMCID: PMC9961318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A relationship was found between the COVID-19 pandemic and depression among older adults and between depressed mood and increased use of antidepressant medication among older adults during the pandemic. With the aim of broadening the understanding of these relationships, the study examined whether COVID-19 perceived susceptibility mediates the relationship between psychosocial resources (optimism and perceived social support) and depressive symptoms and medication use. Participants included 383 older adults (M = 71.75, SD = 6.77) reporting on socio-demographics, health characteristics, depression, optimism, social support, and COVID-19 perceived susceptibility. Medication use was retrieved from participants medical files. Lower optimism, lower social support, and higher COVID-19 perceived susceptibility were associated with greater depression, related with higher medication use. The findings emphasize the buffering effect of psychosocial resources on the adverse effects of depression affecting older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, and consequently, the increased use of medication in this population. Practitioners should focus interventions on enhancing optimism and expanding social support among older adults. Moreover, interventions focused on alleviating depression among older adults should aim at improving perceptions of perceived susceptibility in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiri Shinan-Altman
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Mordechai Alperin
- Department of Family Medicine, The Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District, Tel Aviv 6209804, Israel
| | - Inbar Levkovich
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College of Education, Kiryat Tivon 3600600, Israel
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Tao TJ, Liang L, Liu H, Hobfoll SE, Hou WK, Bonanno GA. The interrelations between psychological outcome trajectories and resource changes amid large-scale disasters: A growth mixture modeling analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 36792591 PMCID: PMC9930711 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently little is known about the interrelations between changes in psychiatric symptoms and changes in resources (personal, social, financial) amid large-scale disasters. This study investigated trajectories of psychiatric symptoms and their relationships with different patterns of changes in personal, social, and financial resources between 2020 and 2022 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A population-representative sample (N = 1333) was recruited to complete self-report instruments at the pandemic's acute phase (February-July 2020, T1), and again at 1-year (March-August 2021, T2) and 1.5-year (September 2021-February 2022, T3) follow-ups. Respondents reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, self-efficacy, perceived social support, and financial capacity. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) identified four trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms: resilience (72.39-74.19%), recovery (8.40-11.93%), delayed distress (7.20-7.35%), and chronic distress (8.33-10.20%). Four patterns were demonstrated in resource changes: persistent high resources (40.89-47.64%), resource gain (12.08-15.60%), resource loss (6.30-10.43%), and persistent low resources (28.73-36.61%). Loss and gain in financial resources characterized chronic distress and resilience, respectively. Loss in personal resources characterized delayed distress, whereas loss or no gain in social resources was related to chronic/delayed distress. Respondents in resilience were also more likely to have persistent high resources while those with delayed/chronic distress were more likely to have persistent low resources. These results provide an initial evidence base for advancing current understanding on trajectories of resilience and psychopathology in the context of resource changes during and after large-scale disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Junchen Tao
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Liang
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huinan Liu
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ,grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stevan E. Hobfoll
- STAR Consultants-STress, Anxiety and Resilience, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - George A. Bonanno
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
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The role of resilience in the relationship between role stress and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:45. [PMID: 36788622 PMCID: PMC9928139 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress resistance resources, such as social support and resilience, have been found to be important in promoting psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most prior research studies have conceptualized stress resistance resource variables as having a mediating or moderating role. Cooper (2018) proposed a model of the relationship between stress and health which posits that coping resources are always present and not only invoked in the face of adversity. Thus, we hypothesize that coping resources are causally antecedent to stressors and influence well-being indirectly via the stressor. We focused specifically on school teachers due to them being at the frontlines of service provision during the pandemic. Teaching was already identified as a highly stressful profession prior to COVID-19 and disease containment measures placed additional strain on teachers who had to adapt to emergency remote teaching. AIM The current study tests this hypothesis by examining the indirect effects of resilience on indices of psychological health via role stress. METHODS Participants (N = 355) were teachers who completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, the Role Stress Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. An electronic version of the questionnaires was distributed to teachers via Facebook and to officials from the Department of Education, who assisted with distribution of the electronic link to the survey. Participants were mostly women (76.6%) and mean number of years in the teaching profession was 15.7. RESULTS Structural equation modelling results demonstrated significant direct effects of resilience on life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression, which indicates that resilience is beneficial for psychological health even in the absence of stress. Resilience also had a significant indirect effect on indices of psychological well-being via role ambiguity but not role conflict. CONCLUSION These findings have theoretical implications for the understanding of the role of resilience in promoting psychological health among educators. Practical implications include an empirical contribution to education policy and information that can inform interventions aimed to promote resilience among educators.
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Vázquez I, Gato J, Coimbra S, Tasker F, Barrientos J, Miscioscia M, Cerqueira-Santos E, Malmquist A, Seabra D, Leal D, Houghton M, Poli M, Gubello A, Ramos MDM, Guzmán-González M, Urzúa A, Ulloa F, Wurm M. Psychological Adjustment Profiles of LGBTQ+ Young Adults Residing with Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3188. [PMID: 36833881 PMCID: PMC9964666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health symptoms, particularly among vulnerable populations such as LGBTQ+ individuals. In the present study, we aimed to (i) identify different psychological adjustment profiles among LGBTQ+ young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare LGBTQ+ young adults in relation to (ii) sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related experiences and (iii) the internal and external protective resources associated with each adjustment profile. An online questionnaire was administered to 1699 LGBTQ+ young adults from six countries (Brazil, Chile, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, and the UK). A cluster analysis was conducted, and four profiles of psychological adjustment were identified: unchallenged, resilient, distressed, and at-risk. The at-risk cluster scored lowest in social support (particularly from family). The profiles of participants who experienced the highest levels of pandemic adversity (at-risk and resilient) comprised mostly South American participants, those under lockdown at the time of survey completion, those who self-identified as transgender and non-binary, and those with a plurisexual sexual orientation. Interventions should consider strategies to help young adults maintain support systems and reinforce the value of positive family relationships. Specific groups within the LGBTQ+ community that seem to be in a particularly vulnerable situation may need additional tailored support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vázquez
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gato
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Coimbra
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fiona Tasker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Jaime Barrientos
- Faculty of Psychology, University Alberto Hurtado, Santiago 6500620, Chile
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Malmquist
- Division of Psychology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Seabra
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Leal
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marie Houghton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Mikael Poli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessio Gubello
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Department of Developmental and Family Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alfonzo Urzúa
- School of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 0610, Chile
| | - Francisco Ulloa
- MUMS—Movimiento por la Diversidad Sexual, Santiago 578, Chile
| | - Matilda Wurm
- School of Behavioral, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
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Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius TB, Isaacs SA. We Are Not Islands: The Role of Social Support in the Relationship between Perceived Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psychological Distress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3179. [PMID: 36833874 PMCID: PMC9959079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 containment measures, including social distancing, quarantine, and confinement, significantly impacted social connectedness and contributed to heightened levels of perceived stress. Prior research has established that protective factors can mitigate emotional distress. This study investigated the protective role of social support in the relationship between perceived stress and psychological distress among a sample of university students. Participants (n = 322) completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Perceived Stress Scale, short forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The results indicated that high levels of perceived stress were associated with high levels of hopelessness, depression, and anxiety. In terms of direct and mediating effects, social support was significant for depression and hopelessness but not for anxiety. Furthermore, the relationship between perceived stress and depression was higher for those with high levels of social support than for those with lower levels of social support. The findings suggest that in addition to enhancing social support resources, interventions must assist students in managing the uncertainty and anxiety associated with the pandemic. Furthermore, students' appraisals of support and the extent to which support is experienced as beneficial must also be examined prior to the implementation of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyrone B. Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa
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Gerhards SK, Luppa M, Röhr S, Pabst A, Bauer A, Frankhänel T, Döhring J, Escales C, Zöllinger IR, Oey A, Brettschneider C, Wiese B, Hoffmann W, Gensichen J, König HH, Frese T, Thyrian JR, Kaduszkiewicz H, Riedel-Heller SG. Depression and Anxiety in Old Age during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study of Individuals at Cardiovascular Risk and the General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2975. [PMID: 36833671 PMCID: PMC9957242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Our study aims to examine the associations of sociodemographic factors, social support, resilience, and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic with late-life depression and anxiety symptoms in a cardiovascular risk group and a matched sample from the German general population during the beginning of the pandemic and draw a comparison regarding psychosocial characteristics. Data of n = 1236 participants (aged 64-81 years) were analyzed, with n = 618 participants showing a cardiovascular risk profile, and n = 618 participants from the general population. The cardiovascular risk sample had slightly higher levels of depressive symptoms and felt more threatened by the virus due to pre-existing conditions. In the cardiovascular risk group, social support was associated with less depressive and anxiety symptoms. In the general population, high social support was associated with less depressive symptoms. Experiencing high levels of worries due to COVID-19 was associated with more anxiety in the general population. Resilience was associated with less depressive and anxiety symptoms in both groups. Compared to the general population, the cardiovascular risk group showed slightly higher levels of depressive symptomatology even at the beginning of the pandemic and may be supported by addressing perceived social support and resilience in prevention programs targeting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina K. Gerhards
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Röhr
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Health and Ageing Research Team (HART), School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Pabst
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Bauer
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Frankhänel
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Juliane Döhring
- Institute of General Practice, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Catharina Escales
- Institute of General Practice, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabel Renate Zöllinger
- Institute of General Practice/Family Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anke Oey
- Institute for General Practice, Work Group Medical Statistics and IT-Infrastructure, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Brettschneider
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgitt Wiese
- Institute for General Practice, Work Group Medical Statistics and IT-Infrastructure, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jochen Gensichen
- Institute of General Practice/Family Medicine, University Hospital of LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jochen René Thyrian
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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