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Coleman ME, Andersson MA. Hurt on Both Sides: Political Differences in Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Health Soc Behav 2024; 65:94-109. [PMID: 37864410 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231200500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Republicans and conservatives report better self-rated health and well-being compared to Democrats and liberals, yet they are more likely to reside in geographic areas with heavy COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. This harmed health on "both sides" of political divides, occurring in a time of rapid sociopolitical upheaval, warrants the revisiting of psychosocial mechanisms linked to political health differences. Drawing on national Gallup data (early 2021), we find that predicted differences in health or well-being vary substantially by ideology, party, voting behavior, and policy beliefs, with model fit depending on how politics are measured. Differences in self-rated health, psychological distress, happiness, trouble sleeping, and delayed health care tend to reveal worse outcomes for Democrats or liberals. Such differences often are reduced to insignificance by some combination of mastery, meritocratic beliefs, perceived social support, and COVID-19-related exposures and attitudes. Policy beliefs predict health differences most robustly across outcomes and mechanism adjustments.
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Zhang B, Du Y, Lin Y. Cross-lagged relationship between sleep quality and sense of coherence and the moderating role of mastery in older adults. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3264. [PMID: 37169717 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to explore the predictive relationship between sleep quality and sense of coherence (SOC) and to examine a possible moderating role of mastery in this relationship. A three-wave longitudinal design was employed using a sample of 304 older adults aged 55-87 years old. Cross-lagged panel analyses and moderating effect analyses showed that sleep quality can predict the levels of SOC 6 months later, whereas SOC cannot predict sleep quality 6 months later. In addition, mastery can moderate the effect of sleep quality on SOC. Specifically, the lagged effects of sleep quality on SOC in older adults who had low levels of mastery were stronger than in those who had high levels of mastery. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for understanding the predictive relationship between sleep quality and SOC and emphasise the moderating role of mastery. Also, our results offer important implications for enhancing the SOC in older adults by improving sleep quality and mastery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Zhang
- School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yawen Du
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Lin
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Molino M, Dolce V, Cortese CG, Sanseverino D, Ghislieri C. Stop (to Work) and Go (to Recover) During Mandatory Work From Home: A Three-Wave Study. Health Educ Behav 2024; 51:21-31. [PMID: 37642028 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231192988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many workers have been forced to work from home. In this situation, the boundaries between work and private life have become particularly blurred, and recovering from work was even more difficult than in traditional times, with negative consequences for workers' health. Among the psychological experiences that might underlie the recovery process, mastery played a crucial role as people sought new stimuli and challenging situations. However, there are few articles that have explored the role of this specific recovery experience, its antecedents, and the health consequences under conditions of work from home. Therefore, in this multiwave study, we aimed to investigate the role of mastery as a mediator between supervisor support and insomnia problems. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and had a three-wave design. A convenience sample of 130 employees (67% women) completed an online questionnaire. Hypotheses were tested using a three-wave autoregressive cross-lagged panel model. According to the results, supervisor support at Time 1 was positively related to mastery at Time 2, which in turn showed a negative association with insomnia at Time 3. The results demonstrated that mastery experiences have played a crucial role during COVID-19 mandatory work from home, which points to some potential implications for workers' health in the adoption of teleworking beyond the emergency situation.
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Zarotti N, Deane KHO, Ford CEL, Simpson J. Psychosocial interventions affecting global perceptions of control in people with Parkinson's disease: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:443-452. [PMID: 36688404 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2169376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perceived control is an important construct for the psychological well-being of people affected by chronic conditions, and higher perceived control is associated with better outcomes. Psychosocial interventions have been trialled in these populations to improve both global and specific perceptions of control. However, most interventions involving people with Parkinson's have focused on single-domain forms of control, while those addressing global perceived control are yet to be reviewed. This study aimed to identify and map the types of psychosocial interventions in individuals with Parkinson's which have included forms of global perceived control as an outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scoping review based on a search across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate. RESULTS From an initial return of 4388 citations, 12 citations were eventually included. These consisted of 8 quantitative and 4 qualitative studies, and covered 4 overarching categories of psychosocial interventions. Mixed results were found for cognitive, educational, and physical interventions, while a randomised controlled trial on mindfulness-based lifestyle programme showed more preliminary positive evidence. CONCLUSIONS Further rigorous research is required on the topic to build on these preliminary findings. In the meantime, clinicians may need to consider programmes which proved effective with populations similar to people with Parkinson's.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPerceived control is a psychological construct important for people with chronic illnesses, which can be targeted by psychosocial interventions.This article reviewed psychosocial interventions targeting global forms of perceived control in Parkinson's.Mixed results were reported for the cognitive, educational, and physical interventions identified, while a randomised controlled trial on a mindfulness-based lifestyle programme showed more promising evidence.In the meantime, clinicians may need to consider programmes found to be effective with people with similar conditions to Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Zarotti
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Catherine Elaine Longworth Ford
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jane Simpson
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Zarotti N, Deane KHO, Ford CEL, Simpson J. Perceived control as a predictor of medication adherence in people with Parkinson's: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:478-488. [PMID: 36824021 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2181409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medication adherence is a multi-faceted construct associated with several positive consequences in people with chronic conditions. However, non-adherence currently represents a major issue in Parkinson's, potentially due to low perceptions of control. This study investigated the predictive ability of several aspects of perceived control on adherence in people with Parkinson's, while accounting for previously established predictors such as depression and medication variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was carried out with 1210 adults with Parkinson's from 15 English-speaking countries. Demographic and clinical questions, as well as measures of depression, aspects of perceived control, and medication adherence were included. Pearson's correlations and a 4-block hierarchical regression analysis were performed to assess the relationship between the variables. RESULTS Perceived control explained a slightly higher amount of variance in medication adherence compared to medication variables when entered in the last block. Unexpectedly, depression was not significantly related with adherence. Internal locus of control was an independent negative predictor of adherence, while external dimensions of locus of control emerged as independent positive predictors. CONCLUSIONS In people with Parkinson's, perceptions of control may have a larger impact on adherence compared to medication variables. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.Implications for RehabilitationPerceived control and depression are considered important constructs for medication adherence in Parkinson's, which in turn is often problematic for affected individuals.The specific predictive value of different aspects of perceived control on medication adherence in Parkinson's is currently unclear.This large-scale study found that perceptions of control may have a larger impact on adherence compared to medication variables, while depression was unrelated to it.A need for psychologically-informed interventions, person-centred approaches to medication management, and Parkinson-specific measures of adherence are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Zarotti
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Catherine Elaine Longworth Ford
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jane Simpson
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Montemagni C, Brasso C, Bellino S, Bozzatello P, Villari V, Rocca P. Conceptual disorganization as a mediating variable between visual learning and metacognition in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1278113. [PMID: 38179251 PMCID: PMC10765532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1278113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of visual learning and conceptual disorganization to specific metacognitive domains in a sample of outpatients with stable schizophrenia. Methods A total of 92 consecutive outpatients with stable schizophrenia were recruited in a cross-sectional study. We analyzed the data with five path analyses based on multiple regressions to analyze the specific effect of visual learning on metacognitive capacity and metacognitive domains and the possible mediating role of conceptual disorganization. Results We found that (i) visual learning was negatively correlated to metacognitive capacity and its domains on the one hand and conceptual disorganization on the other hand; (ii) conceptual disorganization was negatively associated with metacognition and its domains; and (iii) when the mediation effect was considered, conceptual disorganization fully mediated the relationship between visual learning and mastery, whereas it served as a partial mediator of the effect of visual learning on the other metacognition domains, i.e., self-reflectivity, understanding others' mind, and decentration. Conclusion These results delineate an articulated panorama of relations between different dimensions of metacognition, visual learning, and conceptual disorganization. Therefore, studies unable to distinguish between different components of metacognition fail to bring out the possibly varying links between neurocognition, disorganization, and metacognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Montemagni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", Università Degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Brasso
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", Università Degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Bellino
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", Università Degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Bozzatello
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", Università Degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Villari
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", Università Degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Rocca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", Università Degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Salute Mentale, A.O.U. Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Simón-Piqueras JÁ, Gil-Madrona P, Zamorano-García D, Torre-Maroto MDL, Fernández-Bustos JG. Self-Determined Regulation, Achievement Goals and Sport Commitment in Spanish Masters Swimmers. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:828. [PMID: 37887478 PMCID: PMC10603857 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This work analyses the motivational regulation, achievement goals and sport commitment of Spanish Masters swimmers, being the first study of its kind. A total of 211 (106 women and 105 men) Masters swimmers from the Federation of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) aged between 20 and 74 participated. Each participant completed the Sport Motivation Scale (motivation regulation), the Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport (achievement goals) and the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (sport commitment), all validated for the Spanish population. A mixed rANOVA was performed to analyse the results, using sex and age group as covariates, and the different groupings of the sample (weekly training days, weekly training hours and practice of other sports) as between-participants factors. The results showed that the participants presented a predominantly intrinsic-integrated and identified regulation, rather than introjected and external regulation. Mastery goals were more prevalent than performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals. In addition, current sport commitment was high, being greater than future commitment. Pearson's correlation analysis showed moderate relationships between our variables. We found no influence of either the covariates of sex and age or the grouping variables. These findings serve as the basis for further study of the motivation of Masters swimmers in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ángel Simón-Piqueras
- Faculty of Education, Castilla-La Mancha University, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (M.D.L.T.-M.); (J.G.F.-B.)
| | | | - David Zamorano-García
- Faculty of Education, Castilla-La Mancha University, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (M.D.L.T.-M.); (J.G.F.-B.)
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Lindgren M, Therman S, From T, Hietala J, Laurikainen H, Salokangas RKR, Suvisaari J. Sense of mastery in first-episode psychosis-a one-year follow-up study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200669. [PMID: 37743988 PMCID: PMC10512717 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A sense of mastery refers to beliefs about having control over one's life and has been found to protect health and buffer the effect of stressful experiences. Methods We investigated sense of mastery in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and population controls at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Pearlin and Schooler's Sense of Mastery scale was completed by 322 participants at baseline and by 184 participants at follow-up. Results People having experienced FEP reported lower mastery than controls at both time points, but a modest increase was seen in patients at follow-up. The strongest correlates of high baseline mastery in FEP were lower depressive symptoms and higher perceived social support, whereas positive or negative psychotic symptoms did not associate with mastery. Current depressive symptoms also correlated with mastery at the follow-up point, and change in depressive symptoms correlated with change in mastery. Higher mastery at treatment entry predicted remission of psychotic symptoms one year later. Sense of mastery was also found to mediate the association of perceived social support with depressive symptoms. Discussion The usefulness of mastery measures should be further tested for estimations of patient prognosis in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Lindgren
- Mental Health, Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Therman
- Mental Health, Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina From
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raimo K. R. Salokangas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health, Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Miller SE, Hong JH, Almeida DM. Sense of control and likelihood of prescription drug misuse 10-years later among middle-aged and older adults. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2070-2077. [PMID: 36636788 PMCID: PMC10336171 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2165623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Sense of control (i.e. one's beliefs about their ability to influence life circumstances) has been linked to various psychological outcomes. However, it is unknown if sense of control is protective against prescription drug misuse (PDM). The present study sought to evaluate if sense of control is associated with reduced odds of PDM 9 to 10 years later among a sample of middle-aged and older adults.Methods: Data were evaluated from participants (M = 54 years, SD = 10.86; N = 2,108) of the second and third waves of the Midlife in the United States study. Logistic regression models were used to assess whether baseline sense of control (Wave 2) predicted odds of PDM 9 to 10 years later (Wave 3).Results: Findings revealed that greater sense of control at baseline was related to reduced odds of subsequent PDM (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.95), adjusting for baseline PDM, sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, psychological factors, number of prescription medications, and health. When assessing the subscales of sense of control separately, constraints (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.42), but not mastery (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.12), was predictive of odds of subsequent PDM. Further, being female was associated with greater odds of PDM (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.09), but did not moderate the association between sense of control and PDM.Conclusions: Sense of control may be a novel and viable target for interventions (e.g. using mobile phone apps) aimed at mitigating prescription drug misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Miller
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Joanna H. Hong
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - David M. Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University
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Brett G, Dubash S. The Sociocognitive Origins of Personal Mastery. J Health Soc Behav 2023; 64:452-468. [PMID: 37129297 PMCID: PMC10486156 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231167558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the relationship between cognitive processing and mastery. While scholars have called for the integration of sociological and cognitive analyses of mastery, sociological research has focused almost exclusively on mapping its social correlates. As a result, sociologists have relied on untested and underspecified assumptions about cognition to explain the efficacy of mastery. Taking an interdisciplinary approach integrating research on mastery, dual-process models of cognition, and intersectionality, we specify and test the hypothesis that deliberate thinking dispositions are associated with a greater sense of control over one's life chances and assess whether this relationship varies across different intersections of social positions. Regression results from survey data in a diverse student sample (N = 982) suggest a positive correlation between deliberate cognitive style and personal mastery. However, results from a quantitative intersectional analysis demonstrate that this relationship does not hold for East Asian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Brett
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Kaniasty K, Baran M, Urbańska B, Boczkowska M, Hamer K. Sense of danger, sense of country's mastery, and sense of personal mastery as concomitants of psychological distress and subjective well-being in a sample of Poles following Russia's invasion of Ukraine: Prospective analyses. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023. [PMID: 37640052 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated psychological toll of the ongoing war in neighboring Ukraine in a sample of adult Poles (N = 1245). Data were collected online in early February and August 2022. Prospective analyses that accounted for psychological health status assessed before the Russian invasion showed that higher levels of sense of danger due to the war predicted higher levels of psychological distress and lower levels of affect balance close to 6 months after Russia attacked Ukraine. Sense of country's mastery (i.e. beliefs that government, its major institutions, and citizens would effectively cope with various emergencies and crises) served as a protective factor. Likewise, Poles who had confidence in their personal mastery (e.g., beliefs in ability to exercise control over life challenges) exhibited less distress and more subjective well-being. These findings emerged after controlling for sociodemographic factors, the presence of stressful experiences associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and other life events. Wars dramatically reverberate beyond the borders of the countries involved. People's own sense of mastery and their trust in the resilience of their governmental and public institutions are critical in times of coping with existential security threats and wars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kaniasty
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Baran
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Urbańska
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Boczkowska
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hamer
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Objectives: This article examines whether older adults' perceptions of an increase in their cost of living during a time of rapid inflation are associated with multiple aspects of psychological distress, as well as whether mastery buffers these associations. Methods: Data were derived from a two-wave longitudinal survey of older adults gathered in 2021 and 2022 (N = 4,010). Multiple regression models examined symptoms of depression, anxiety, and anger. Results: Perceptions of moderate or large increases in cost of living were associated with higher levels of distress at follow-up. Taking baseline financial strain, mastery, and psychological distress into account weakened these associations, but perceptions of a large increase in cost of living were still substantially linked with anger and anxiety. Mastery also buffered associations with anxiety and anger. Discussion: Macroeconomically derived adversities can shape anxiety and anger in later-life, but these mental health consequences fall more heavily on individuals possessing lower levels of mastery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yeonjung Lee
- University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Weinberg M, Altshuler A, Soffer M. Relationships between mastery, forgiveness, optimism, and resilience, and PTSD and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2537-2547. [PMID: 36922415 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2190989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating emotional consequences. The present study aimed to examine the relationships between personal resources and emotional distress while accounting for COVID-19-related variables. Seven hundred and seventy-seven (N = 777) participants completed demographic, mastery, forgiveness, optimism, resilience, PTSD, and anxiety questionnaires. A stepped hierarchical multiple regression revealed that mastery, forgiveness, cultural group, age, acquaintance with a person who died of COVID-19, and having been infected with COVID-19 contributed significantly to the explained variance in PTSD symptoms. Mastery, forgiveness, optimism, age, and acquaintance with a person who died of COVID-19 contributed significantly to the explained variance in anxiety. However, resilience was not found to significantly contribute to the explained variance in PTSD symptoms or anxiety. This study demonstrates the importance of being aware of both PTSD symptoms and anxiety associated with COVID-19. Thus, it is suggested that therapy programs should pay special attention to mastery and forgiveness as coping resources. In addition, among medical and mental-health personnel awareness should be given to individuals who have been in close acquaintance with those who died of COVID-19, those with COVID-19 risk factors, and those who have been infected. Special attention should also be paid to minority groups as they might tend to experience more emotional distress and trauma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinberg
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alex Altshuler
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Soffer
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Louie P, Upenieks L, Hill TD. Cumulative Pandemic Stressors, Psychosocial Resources, and Psychological Distress: Toward a More Comprehensive Test of a Pandemic Stress Process. Soc Ment Health 2023:21568693231165260. [PMCID: PMC10155051 DOI: 10.1177/21568693231165260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the mental health consequences of individual COVID-19 stressors (e.g., bereavement, job loss, or financial strain) have been well-documented, little is known about the cumulative toll of multiple pandemic stressors. Using national data from the Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (May–June 2021), we test whether the accumulation of pandemic stressors is associated with greater psychological distress. We also consider whether this association is moderated by psychosocial resources (i.e., mastery, self-esteem, and social support). Our findings suggest that individuals who report three or more pandemic stressors tend to exhibit greater psychological distress than those who report fewer pandemic stressors or no pandemic stressors. While mastery offsets the impact of pandemic stressors at higher levels of stress exposure (i.e., two or more COVID-19 stressors), social support and self-esteem played a stress-buffering role to a point, but became ineffective at the highest levels of pandemic stress. The current study provides new insights into the pandemic stress process by conceptualizing and operationalizing the cumulative impact of COVID-19 stressors. We also confirm the continued significance of traditional coping resources in the context of novel pandemic stressors.
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Willemen FEM, Heuschen CBBCM, Zantvoord JB, Galenkamp H, de Wit MAS, Zwinderman AH, Denys DAJP, Bockting CLH, Stronks K, Lok A. Perceived ethnic discrimination, suicidal ideation and mastery in a multi-ethnic cohort: the HELIUS study. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e21. [PMID: 36660955 PMCID: PMC9885336 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) and mental health conditions is well studied. However, less is known about the association between PED and suicidal ideation, or the role of positive psychosocial factors in this association. AIMS To examine the association between PED and suicidal ideation among ethnic minority groups in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and investigate whether ethnicity and mastery (people's extent of feeling in control of their lives and environment) moderate this association. METHOD Cross-sectional data from the multi-ethnic HELIUS study were analysed (n = 17 053) for participants of South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan origin. PED was measured using the Everyday Discrimination Scale, suicidal ideation using item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and mastery using the Pearlin-Schooler Mastery Scale. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses demonstrated a small positive association between PED and suicidal ideation (OR = 1.068, 95% CI 1.059-1.077), which did not differ among ethnic minority groups. Mastery did not moderate the association between PED and suicidal ideation among the ethnic minority groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that PED is associated with suicidal ideation and this association does not significantly vary between ethnic minority groups. Although higher levels of mastery were associated with lower suicidal ideation, mastery did not moderate the relationship between PED and suicidal ideation. Besides targeting ethnic discrimination as a societal problem, future longitudinal research is needed to investigate whether interventions aimed at improving mastery could reduce suicidal ideation in ethnic minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne E M Willemen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline B B C M Heuschen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper B Zantvoord
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matty A S de Wit
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Promotion and Care Innovation, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Center for Urban Mental health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan A J P Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Center for Urban Mental health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Center for Urban Mental health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Center for Urban Mental health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Namisi CP, Munene JC, Wanyenze RK, Katahoire AR, Parkes-Ratanshi RM, Kentutsi S, Nannyonga MM, Ssentongo RN, Ogola MK, Nabaggala MS, Amanya G, Kiragga AN, Batamwita R, Tumwesigye NM. Stigma mastery in people living with HIV: gender similarities and theory. Z Gesundh Wiss 2022; 30:2883-2897. [PMID: 36567981 PMCID: PMC9788541 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, factors associated with, and to build a theoretical framework for understanding Internalsed HIV-related Stigma Mastery (IHSM). Methods A cross-sectional study nested within a 2014 Stigma Reduction Cohort in Uganda was used. The PLHIV Stigma Index version 2008, was used to collect data from a random sample of 666 people living with HIV (PLHIV) stratified by gender and age. SPSS24 with Amos27 softwares were used to build a sequential-mediation model. Results The majority of participants were women (65%), aged ≥ 40 years (57%). Overall, IHSM was 45.5% among PLHIV, that increased with age. Specifically, higher IHSM correlated with men and older women "masculine identities" self-disclosure of HIV-diagnosis to family, sharing experiences with peers. However, lower IHSM correlated with feminine gender, the experience of social exclusion stress, fear of future rejection, and fear of social intimacy. Thus, IHSM social exclusion with its negative effects and age-related cognition are integrated into a multidimensional IHSM theoretical framework with a good model-to-data fit. Conclusion Internalised HIV-related Stigma Mastery is common among men and older women. Specificially, "masculine identities" self-disclose their own HIV-positive diagnosis to their family, share experiences with peers to create good relationships for actualising or empowerment in stigma mastery. However, social exclusion exacerbates series of negative effects that finally undermine stigma mastery by young feminine identities. Thus, stigma mastery is best explained by an integrated empowerment framework, that has implications for future practice, policy, and stigma-related research that we discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Patrick Namisi
- The Ugandan Academy of Health Innovation and Impact, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 22418 Kampala, Cassia Hill Road, 4th Floor, Mckinnell Knowledge Centre, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Mulago, Kampala +256, Uganda
| | - John C. Munene
- PhD Programme, Makerere University Business School, Plot 21A, Port Bell Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhoda K. Wanyenze
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Mulago, Kampala +256, Uganda
| | | | - Rosalinda M. Parkes-Ratanshi
- The Ugandan Academy of Health Innovation and Impact, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 22418 Kampala, Cassia Hill Road, 4th Floor, Mckinnell Knowledge Centre, Kampala, Uganda
- Institute of Public Health Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stella Kentutsi
- The National Forum of People Living with HIV Networks in Uganda or NAFOPHANU, P.O.Box 70233, Plot 213, Sentema Road, Mengo, Kampala +256, Uganda
| | - Maria M. Nannyonga
- Nsambya Home Care Department, St Francis Hospital, Nsambya, P.O.BOX 7146, Kampala, Nsambya Hill Road, Kampala +256, Uganda
| | - Robina N. Ssentongo
- Kitovu Mobile Limited, P.O.Box 207, Masaka, Plot 4 & 10 Delhi Road, Masaka +256, Uganda
| | - Mabel K. Ogola
- Catholic Agency for Overseas Development or CAFOD, PO Box 66153, Nairobi, Plot 209/75/75, Vihiga Road, Nairobi, +254, Kenya
| | - Maria Sarah Nabaggala
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 22418, Cassia Hill Road, 4th Floor, Mckinnell Knowledge Centre, Kampala +256, Uganda
| | - Geofrey Amanya
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 22418, Cassia Hill Road, 4th Floor, Mckinnell Knowledge Centre, Kampala +256, Uganda
| | - Agnes N. Kiragga
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 22418, Cassia Hill Road, 4th Floor, Mckinnell Knowledge Centre, Kampala +256, Uganda
| | - Richard Batamwita
- FHI 360 Uganda, P.O Box 5768, Kampala, Plot 15 Kitante Close, Kampala +256, Uganda
| | - Nazarius M. Tumwesigye
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Mulago, Kampala +256, Uganda
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17
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Meisters R, Westra D, Putrik P, Bosma H, Ruwaard D, Jansen M. Regional differences in healthcare costs further explained: The contribution of health, lifestyle, loneliness and mastery. TSG Tijdschr Gezondheidswet 2022; 100:189-196. [PMCID: PMC9628485 DOI: 10.1007/s12508-022-00369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare costs in the Netherlands are rising and vary considerably among regions. Explaining regional differences in healthcare costs can help policymakers in targeting appropriate interventions in order to restrain costs. Factors usually taken into account when analyzing regional differences in healthcare costs are demographic structure and socioeconomic status (SES). However, health, lifestyle, loneliness and mastery have also been linked to healthcare costs. Therefore, this study analyzes the contribution of health, lifestyle factors (BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity), loneliness, and mastery to regional differences in healthcare costs. Analyses are performed in a linked dataset (n = 334,721) from the Dutch Public Health Services, Statistics Netherlands, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (year 2016), and the healthcare claims database Vektis (year 2017) with Poisson and zero-inflated binomial regressions. Regional differences in general practitioner consult costs remain significant even after taking into account health, lifestyle, loneliness, and mastery. Regional differences in costs for mental, pharmaceutical, and specialized care are less pronounced and can be explained to a large extent. For total healthcare costs, regional differences are mostly explained through the factors included in this study. Hence, addressing lifestyle factors, loneliness and mastery can help policymakers in restraining healthcare costs. In this study, the region of Zuid-Limburg represents the reference region. Use compare regions for health and healthcare costs (Regiovergelijker gezondheid en zorgkosten) in order to select all other Dutch regions as reference region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Meisters
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Westra
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Polina Putrik
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academische Werkplaats voor Publieke Gezondheid Limburg, GGD Zuid Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bosma
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Ruwaard
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Jansen
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academische Werkplaats voor Publieke Gezondheid Limburg, GGD Zuid Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Almén N. A Functionalistic Stress Recovery Intervention Improves Perceived Recovery Opportunities and Relaxational Behaviors: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14005. [PMID: 36360880 PMCID: PMC9655103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The recovery perspective on stress management is new and few recovery intervention studies have been conducted. The aim of the study was to evaluate behavioral effects of a functionalistic stress recovery intervention, in which individuals perceiving high levels of stress were encouraged to pay attention to possibilities to perform potential recovery behaviors in everyday life and to choose behaviors that were predicted to lead to resource restoration. Seventy-three individuals were randomly allocated to either a 10-week intervention or a waiting-list control group. Three types of recovery behavior factors during leisure time were studied: perceived recovery opportunities (i.e., control), relaxational behaviors (i.e., relaxation), and positively challenging behaviors (i.e., mastery). In comparison with the control group, the intervention group significantly improved, showing high between-group effect sizes, regarding perceived recovery opportunities (p < 0.001; d = 0.75) and relaxational behaviors (p < 0.001; d = 0.80). Both groups normalized their levels of positively challenging behaviors between pre- and postassessment, and no statistically significant group difference was demonstrated. Analyses of reliable and clinically significant changes demonstrated results in favor of the intervention group regarding perceived recovery opportunities and relaxational behaviors but not positively challenging behaviors. The tested intervention warrants further research, for example, if a modified version of the intervention including components aiming at increasing postwork positively challenging behaviors would be beneficial for the improvement of the behavior and for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Almén
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, 83125 Östersund, Sweden
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19
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Su YY, Li M, D'Arcy C, Caron J, O'Donnell K, Meng X. To what extent do social support and mastery mediate the association between childhood maltreatment and depression? A sequential causal mediation analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e77. [PMID: 36263598 PMCID: PMC9677445 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to examine the independent roles of various childhood maltreatment (CM) subtypes in the development of depression; quantify the joint mediation effect of social support and mastery in the association between subtypes of CM and depression and examine the additional contribution of mastery beyond the effect that is operating through social support to this relationship. METHODS Data analysed were from the Zone d'Épidémiologie Psychiatrique du Sud-Ouest de Montréal, an ongoing longitudinal population-based study. In total, 1351 participants with complete information on the studied variables were included. The propensity score matching and inverse-probability weighted regression adjustment estimation methods were used to minimise the potential confounding in the relationship between CM and major depression. We then used inverse odds ratio-weighted estimation to estimate the direct effects of maltreatment and indirect effects of social support and mastery. RESULTS We found that exposures to all maltreatment subtypes increased the risk of subsequent depression. The joint mediating effect of social support and mastery explained 37.63-46.97% of the association between different maltreatment subtypes and depression. The contribution of these two mediators differed by maltreatment subtypes, with social support being the major contributor to the mediating effect. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study not only provide scientific evidence on the importance of psychosocial attributes in the development of major depression but also suggest that prevention and invention strategies should focus on these psychosocial attributes to effectively break the vicious cycle of CM on major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Y. Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C. D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - J. Caron
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K. O'Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Yale Child Study Center & Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child & Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - X. Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Author for correspondence: X. Meng, E-mail:
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20
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Nicholson HL. "I am African American": Racial-ethnic self-designation, self-concept, and major depression among African Americans. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 69:551-558. [PMID: 35912817 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research remains mixed on whether racial-ethnic self-designation impacts psychological health and well-being among Americans of African descent. Existing studies mainly use non-representative samples to address this question. Some scholars argue that Black people who express an African-centered identity should experience improved mental health because it enhances one's sense of self. However, what role self-designation may have on depression, one of the most common forms of disability, is largely unknown among African Americans. There is also limited evidence on whether one's self-concept can help us understand the relationship between self-designation and mental health among African Americans. METHODS Using data from a national probability sample of African American adults (n = 3,329), I examined whether self-designation as African American, Afro-American, Negro, Black American, or some other label versus Black was associated with self-esteem, mastery, and major depressive episodes. RESULTS Using OLS models, I found that respondents who preferred the terms African American or Afro-American exhibited higher mastery levels compared to individuals who preferred the label Black, the most common term used among respondents. African American identifying respondents also exhibited significantly higher levels of self-esteem compared to Black identifying individuals. Using logistic regression models, I found that only African American identifying respondents were significantly less likely than Black identifying respondents to meet the criteria for major depressive episodes in the past-year. Higher levels of mastery and self-esteem helped to explain such differences. CONCLUSION In sum, among Americans of African descent, identification as African American rather than Black may help fight depressive episodes because such self-designation may enhance one's self-concept. Further research is necessary to explore other possible psychological implications of self-designation among the African American/Black population.
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21
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Wen JH, Sin NL. Perceived control and reactivity to acute stressors: Variations by age, race and facets of control. Stress Health 2022; 38:419-434. [PMID: 34626157 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Greater perceived control is associated with better health and well-being outcomes, possibly through more adaptive stress processes. Yet little research has examined whether facets of perceived control (personal mastery and perceived constraints) predict psychological and physiological stress reactivity. The present study evaluated the associations of personal mastery and perceived constraints with changes in subjective stress and cortisol in response to acute laboratory stressors, with age and race as potential moderators. In the Midlife in the United States Refresher Study (N = 633 adults aged 25-75), participants completed a baseline perceived control measure and were subsequently recruited to participate in the laboratory stress protocol. The protocol consisted of completing two mental stress tasks (mental arithmetic and Stroop) as well as providing saliva samples and subjective stress ratings. Race moderated the association between perceived constraints and subjective stress reactivity, such that higher constraints predicted greater subjective stress responses in White participants, but no association was observed in Black participants. Higher personal mastery and perceived constraints each predicted greater increases in cortisol in response to the stress tasks (AUCi ) among younger but not older adults. These findings suggest that older adults were buffered against the association between facets of control and cortisol stress reactivity. Discussion on potential racial differences in the link between constraints and stress reactivity are elaborated further, as well as considerations for future work to distinguish between facets of control and examine age and racial differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin H Wen
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nancy L Sin
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Gisch UA, Robert M, Berlin N, Nebout A, Etilé F, Teyssier S, Andreeva VA, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Péneau S. Mastery Is Associated With Weight Status, Food Intake, Snacking, and Eating Disorder Symptoms in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:871669. [PMID: 35694168 PMCID: PMC9174750 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastery is a psychological resource that is defined as the extent to which individuals perceive having control over important circumstances of their lives. Although mastery has been associated with various physical and psychological health outcomes, studies assessing its relationship with weight status and dietary behavior are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and eating disorder (ED) symptoms in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Mastery was measured with the Pearlin Mastery Scale (PMS) in 32,588 adults (77.45% female), the mean age was 50.04 (14.53) years. Height and weight were self-reported. Overall diet quality and food group consumption were evaluated with ≥3 self-reported 24-h dietary records (range: 3-27). Snacking was assessed with an ad-hoc question. ED symptoms were assessed with the Sick-Control-One-Fat-Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between mastery and weight status, food intake, snacking, and ED symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Females with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be underweight (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.84, 0.93), overweight [OR: 0.94 (0.91, 0.97)], or obese [class I: OR: 0.86 (0.82, 0.90); class II: OR: 0.76 (0.71, 0.82); class III: OR: 0.77 (0.69, 0.86)]. Males with a higher level of mastery were less likely to be obese [class III: OR: 0.75 (0.57, 0.99)]. Mastery was associated with better diet quality overall, a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, seafood, wholegrain foods, legumes, non-salted oleaginous fruits, and alcoholic beverages and with a lower consumption of meat and poultry, dairy products, sugary and fatty products, milk-based desserts, and sweetened beverages. Mastery was also associated with lower snacking frequency [OR: 0.89 (0.86, 0.91)] and less ED symptoms [OR: 0.73 (0.71, 0.75)]. As mastery was associated with favorable dietary behavior and weight status, targeting mastery might be a promising approach in promoting healthy behaviors. Clinical Trial Registry Number NCT03335644 at Clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike A. Gisch
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Counseling Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Margaux Robert
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Noémi Berlin
- CNRS, EconomiX – UMR 7235, University of Paris Nanterre, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Fabrice Etilé
- INRAE, UR 1303 ALISS, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
- Paris School of Economics and INRAE, UMR1393 PjSE, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Teyssier
- Grenoble Alpes University, INRAE, CNRS, Grenoble INP, GAEL, Grenoble, France
| | - Valentina A. Andreeva
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Department of Public Health, AP-HP Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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Konter E, Gledhill A, Kueh YC, Kuan G. Understanding the Relationship between Sport Courage and Female Soccer Performance Variables. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19084654. [PMID: 35457519 PMCID: PMC9031708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between female soccer players’ courage and key performance variables (level of participation, injury past, being selected or non-selected by a national team, being starter or substitute). Methods: The Sport Courage Scale-31, by Konter and Ng (2012) and key performance variables were collected from 210 female soccer players aged 12 to 27 (M = 17.97 ± 3.34 years old). Spearman correlations and Mann−Whitney U tests were used to analyse the collected data. Results: The correlations between mastery (r = 0.196), determination (p = 0.239), assertiveness (r = 0.325), sacrifice behaviour (r = 0.182), total sport courage (r = 0.265) and age of female soccer players were found to be significant (p < 0.05). Female soccer players who have sustained an injury in the past scored significantly higher on the venturesome scale (p = 0.006) than those who have not sustained an injury in the past. In comparison, female soccer players who have not sustained an injury in the past or who have not been substituted had significantly more mastery than female soccer players who have sustained an injury in the past or who have been substituted (p = 0.017, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: This study indicates that sport courage is related to key performance variables among female soccer players. Mastery and age seem to be related to courageous behaviour, whereas increasing venturesomeness might cause injuries in female soccer. Some relevant implications for practitioners can be drawn from the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkut Konter
- Physical Education and Sports High School, İstanbul Gelişim University, Istanbul 34315, Turkey;
| | - Adam Gledhill
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK;
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.C.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.C.K.); (G.K.)
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Lim ZX, Chua WL, Lim WS, Lim AQ, Chua KC, Chan EY. Psychometrics of the Pearlin Mastery Scale among Family Caregivers of Older Adults Who Require Assistance in Activities of Daily Living. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:4639. [PMID: 35457504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of the seven-item mastery scale among 392 family caregivers of care dependent older adults in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Item response theory (IRT) analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the scale's psychometric properties. Construct validity was assessed based on correlations between mastery and caregiver burden, depression, and quality of life. Data from the seven-item mastery scale showed acceptable reliability and model fit while IRT analysis showed that response categories were ordered but reflected poor fit for the two positively worded items. Without these two items, responses on the five-item version showed acceptable model fit and had acceptable reliability and high correlation with those on the seven-item version. Item responses on both the seven- and five-item versions show logical correlations with carer self-report on burden, depression, and quality of life. Further psychometric studies of the seven-item mastery scale are warranted. For practical applications such as caregiver screening during hospital admissions, the five-item mastery scale is fit for purpose.
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Shields M, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A, Weeks M, Park SB, Robert AM, Blair DL, MacMillan HL. Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2021; 41:340-358. [PMID: 34569772 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.41.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the outbreak of COVID-19, numerous studies from around the world have reported declines in mental health. However, most of these studies were of low-to-moderate quality and many were based on convenience samples or used mental health measures with low validity, or both. Consequently, it has been difficult to draw conclusions. METHODS Both the 2020 Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2015-2019) used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults aged 18 or older. The prevalence of MDD was compared between the SCMH and the CCHS. Risk and protective factors for MDD in the SCMH were examined using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Based on SCMH data, 15.2% (95% CI: 14.2-16.2) of Canadians screened positive for MDD. The prevalence of MDD was more than two times higher in the SCMH (during COVID-19) than in the CCHS (predating COVID-19). In bivariate analysis, Canadians reporting five or more COVID-19-related risk factors were close to 30 times more likely to have MDD than those reporting no risk factors. Mastery and a sense of community belonging were protective factors for MDD. CONCLUSION After remaining stable for two decades, the prevalence of depression among Canadians increased substantially with the onset of COVID-19. Ongoing monitoring of this common condition associated with major morbidity is vital to determine if elevated levels of MDD persist as we progress through and beyond future waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Weeks
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dawn-Li Blair
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Wang F, Qin W, Yu J. Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Mobility Limitations Among Community-dwelling Older Americans: The Mediating Roles of Depressive Symptoms and Mastery. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2021; 94:290-311. [PMID: 34409865 DOI: 10.1177/00914150211037657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood environment plays an important role in late-life health; yet, the social aspect of neighborhood environment and its impact on mobility limitations have rarely been examined. This nonexperimental, cross-sectional study examines the relationship between neighborhood social cohesion and mobility limitations and the potential mediators (i.e., depressive symptoms, mastery) of this relationship. A total of 8,317 Americans aged 65 years and older were selected from the Health and Retirement Study. Using ordinary least squares regressions, this study shows that neighborhood social cohesion was negatively associated with mobility limitations (B = -0.04, p < .01). A Sobel test of mediation indicated that this relationship was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms (z = -9.10, p < .001) and mastery (z = -8.86, p < .001). Findings suggest that neighborhood cohesion can reduce mobility limitations through mitigating depressive symptoms and increasing mastery. Future research should disentangle the temporal ordering of the mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, 114588Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Weidi Qin
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, 114588Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jiao Yu
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, 142585Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Gao Y, Shan Y, Wang S, Li X, Jiang T, Cai L, Jiang X, Wang H. Decisional control preference among Chinese patients with advanced kidney disease: the role of mastery, perceived social support and self-efficacy. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:2126-2137. [PMID: 34241551 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1952282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have shown a correlation between mastery, self-efficacy, and perceived social support among Chinese patients with advanced kidney disease, few studies have examined their relationship pathways. This study aimed to examine decisional control preference and the relationship between mastery, perceived social support, and self-efficacy among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 350 participants were investigated using Control Preference Scale, Personal Mastery Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Self-efficacy Scale. The mediating relationships were determined via structural equation modeling. Results showed that education and economic status were demographic factors influencing patients' decisional control preference. The model showed that mastery and self-efficacy had a direct effect on decisional control preference while perceived social support had an indirect effect mediated via mastery and self-efficacy. Therefore, improving self-efficacy can increase patient willingness to involve in medical decision-making. This study provides new interventions and future directions for promoting decisional control preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Gao
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Shan
- Medical College of Zhengzhou University
| | | | - Xue Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Li Cai
- Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Oldervik S, Lagestad P. Importance of Providing Additional Choices in Relation to Pupils' Happiness, Mastery, Well-Being, Contentment, and Level of Physical Activity in Physical Education. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:599953. [PMID: 33937751 PMCID: PMC8082444 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.599953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research points to the importance of providing support to autonomy in PE, because it has a particularly positive effect on motivation in PE. However, previous research has not examined the association between autonomy and the variables; happiness, mastery, well-being, contentment and activity level in PE. This study examined how increased self-determination affects happiness, mastery, well-being, contentment and activity level in PE. The study is an intervention (cross-over study) with one control group (one class) and two intervention groups (two classes), using questionnaires and accelerometers among 88 tenth graders (41 boys and 47 girls). The three classes included approximately the same number of boys and girls. The intervention groups included, respectively, 30 and 29 pupils in each class, and 29 pupils' in the control group. The pupils' experiences of happiness, mastery, well-being, contentment was measured three times–after a month with, respectively, ordinary PE, teacher-directed PE, and self-organized PE (autonomy), and the activity levels (accelerometer) was measured during the 24 lessons that took part in the period of teacher-directed PE and self-organized PE. Factor analysis, repeated measures ANOVA (mixed method ANOVA design) and paired sample t-tests with Bonferroni correction were performed, in order to look at differences in happiness, mastery, well-being, contentment and activity level during periods of; self-determination, teacher-directed PE and ordinary PE. The results show that self-determination in PE gives the pupil a significant increased experience of happiness, well-being and contentment, and also a higher activity level in PE. The results indicate that increased self-determination in PE can positively affect lower secondary school pupils' happiness, well-being, contentment and activity level in PE, and that teachers should strive to encourage self-determination among pupils in PE. Further research should be based on intervention studies studying self-determination over longer continuous period, in classes with both older and younger pupils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Oldervik
- Department of Teaching and Art, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Pål Lagestad
- Department of Teaching and Art, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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29
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McGuigan K, Hill A, Coates V, O'Kane M, Thompson DR, Ski CF, McCay D. Moderating the relationship between diabetes distress and mastery: the role of depression and empowerment. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:838-847. [PMID: 33641545 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1894343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition primarily self-managed by the individual. Mastery is a protective factor linked to better control of chronic conditions, effective self-management and improved medication adherence. Mastery appears increasingly important as treatment regimens and self-management demands become more complex and burdensome. Diabetes distress negatively impacts self-management, glycaemic control and treatment adherence. Understanding the relationship between diabetes distress and mastery may provide opportunities to improve condition management and adherence . This relationship may be impacted by other factors affecting the individual's perceived sense of control over their condition. This study examined the role of diabetes empowerment and depression in the relationship between diabetes distress and mastery. Data were drawn from a randomised controlled trial of 131 adults with type 2 diabetes transitioning to injection therapy. Participants completed measures of diabetes distress , mastery , depression and empowerment . Diabetes distress and depression were negatively associated with mastery, whilst diabetes empowerment was positively associated . A significant interaction effect (b = .024, t(112) = 3.79, p = <.005) confirmed the relationship between diabetes distress and mastery was moderated by depression. Findings highlight the additive deleterious effects of depression. Interventions to improve mastery among those living with type 2 diabetes should address diabetes distress and depression to optimise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen McGuigan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alyson Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Vivien Coates
- Western Health & Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK.,School of Nursing, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | - David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chantal F Ski
- Integrated Care Academy, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| | - Deirdre McCay
- School of Biomedical Sciences (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Mollard E, Kupzyk K, Moore T. Postpartum stress and protective factors in women who gave birth in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Womens Health (Lond) 2021; 17:17455065211042190. [PMID: 34465268 PMCID: PMC8414615 DOI: 10.1177/17455065211042190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable stress throughout the world. Little is known about how postpartum women who gave birth during the early months of the pandemic were impacted. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the associations between potential risk, protective factors, and psychological distress among postpartum women who gave birth during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Postpartum women over the age of 18 years who gave birth in the US hospitals between March and July of 2020 and spoke English completed a survey about their experiences. Demographic and health variables were measured via self-report. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-10. Mastery was measured with the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Resilience was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2. RESULTS This study included 885 women. Participants had higher stress and lower resilience relative to pre-pandemic norms. Participants had high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Women who had an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit had more stress. Income, full-time employment, and partnered relationships were associated with lower stress. Resilience and mastery were related to lower stress, depression, and anxiety. Black, Indigenous, or People of Color women showed higher stress and lower resiliency. Single women were likely to report lower levels of mastery than partnered women. CONCLUSION Stress, depression, and anxiety were high in postpartum women in this study. Income, partnered relationships, and employment security, along with protective traits such as mastery and resilience, may reduce the impact of stress on postpartum women in a pandemic. Care models should be modified to support women during a pandemic. Health disparities exist in postpartum stress. Future interventions should focus on building resiliency and mastery and ensuring appropriate resources are available to postpartum women in a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mollard
- College of Nursing, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kevin Kupzyk
- College of Nursing, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tiffany Moore
- College of Nursing, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Olaussen C, Aase I, Jelsness-Jørgensen LP, Tvedt CR, Steindal SA. Supplementing Clinical Practice in Nursing Homes With Simulation Training: A Qualitative Study of Nursing Students' Experiences. SAGE Open Nurs 2020; 6:2377960820981786. [PMID: 35155765 PMCID: PMC8832293 DOI: 10.1177/2377960820981786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited access to nurse supervisors, insufficient learning support and staff with high workloads are well documented in the research literature as barriers to nursing students´ learning in clinical practice in nursing homes. Due to these barriers nursing students may benefit from additional learning support from nurse educators during their clinical practice period. Objective The study aimed to explore nursing students' experiences of supplementary simulation training as a tool to support learning during clinical practice in nursing homes. Methods A descriptive qualitative design was used. Twenty-seven first-year nursing students from a university college in Norway were interviewed after attending a seven-week practice period in nursing homes with supplementary simulation training. Three semi-structured focus group interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed using systematic text condensation. Findings Three categories of student experiences were identified: enhancing the reasoning behind care, transferring knowledge and experiences between the learning environments and enhancing the sense of mastery. Conclusion The supplementary simulation training seemed to complement clinical practice by consolidating the students' learning during the clinical practice period, enhance the students' motivation and sense of mastery, and consequently their efforts to seek out new challenges, explore and learn both in the clinical and the simulated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Olaussen
- Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway.,The University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingunn Aase
- The University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars-Petter Jelsness-Jørgensen
- Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Health and Social Studies, Østfold University College, Fredrikstad, Norway.,Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
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32
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Avilés C, Navia JA, Ruiz-Pérez LM, Zapatero-Ayuso JA. How Enaction and Ecological Approaches Can Contribute to Sports and Skill Learning. Front Psychol 2020; 11:523691. [PMID: 33192764 PMCID: PMC7644965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.523691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explain learning in sports and physical education (PE) from the perspective of enactive and ecological psychology. The learning process is first presented from the enactive perspective, and some relevant notions such as sense-making and sensorimotor schemes are developed. Then, natural learning environments are described, and their importance in the human development process is explained. This is followed by a section devoted to the learner's experience in which some research methods are explained, such as neurophenomenology, in addition to self-confrontation, interviews aimed at bringing out the meaning, sensations, and emotions that performers experience when they are immersed in their sport or a PE class. The sections on the ecological approach deal with the attunement, calibration, the education of intention, and the importance of representative experimental designs. The last section addresses the main similarities and differences between the two approaches. Finally, we state our theoretical position in favor of a common project that brings together the main elements of both post-cognitive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Avilés
- Department of Languages, Arts and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Navia
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, de la Actividad Física y del Ocio, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis-Miguel Ruiz-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, de la Actividad Física y del Ocio, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge A Zapatero-Ayuso
- Department of Languages, Arts and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Johnson K, Ditchman N. Mediators of quality of life in brain injury. Brain Inj 2020; 34:1636-1645. [PMID: 33044881 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1827456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE This study examined the mediating role of perceived social support and mastery on quality of life (QOL) among adults with brain injury. RESEARCH DESIGN An a priori structural model hypothesizing the relationships among symptom severity, mastery, social support, and QOL variables were tested. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Individuals with brain injury across the United States participated in an online survey (N = 183). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the model fit. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The model fit the data well (χ2 (15) = 13.68). The Normed Bentler-Bonnet Fit Index (NFI) was.97; Goodness-of-Fit Statistic (GFI) was .98; Adjusted-Goodness-of-Fit (AGFI) was.96; and the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 1.00. The direct effects supported all expected relationships among the study variables. Social support and mastery fully mediated the relationship between symptom severity and QOL. Mastery partially mediated the relationship between social support and QOL. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of incorporating psychosocial factors into interventions, with attention on increasing levels of perceived social support and mastery skills to foster greater QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole Ditchman
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Badawy P, Schieman S. Control and the Health Effects of Work-Family Conflict: A Longitudinal Test of Generalized Versus Specific Stress Buffering. J Health Soc Behav 2020; 61:324-341. [PMID: 32723101 DOI: 10.1177/0022146520942897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The stress associated with work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) is well documented. However, surprisingly little is known about the resources that moderate the effects of work-family conflict on health over time. Using four waves of panel data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Health Study (2011-2017; n = 11,349 person-wave observations), we compare how a core psychosocial resource (personal mastery) and a salient organizationally based resource (schedule control) moderate the health effects of WFC and FWC. After establishing these health effects related to distress and physical symptoms, we discover that mastery has generalized stress-buffering functions whereby it alleviates the health effects of both WFC and FWC. In contrast, schedule control has asymmetrical moderating functions: It attenuates the health effects of WFC only. These findings elaborate and sharpen the scope of resources as moderators in the stress process model-and we integrate these ideas with other conceptual models like the job demands-resources model.
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Lancee J, Effting M, Kunze AE. Telephone-guided imagery rehearsal therapy for nightmares: Efficacy and mediator of change. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13123. [PMID: 32567103 PMCID: PMC8244061 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The currently best‐supported psychological treatment for nightmares is imagery rehearsal therapy. The problem, however, is that not enough trained practitioners are available to offer this treatment. A possible solution is to conduct imagery rehearsal therapy in a guided self‐help format. In the current study, 70 participants with nightmares according to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were randomized to either telephone‐guided imagery rehearsal therapy (n = 36) or a wait‐list condition (n = 34). Participants in the imagery rehearsal therapy condition received three sessions over the course of 5 weeks. Every treatment session was followed by telephone support delivered by postgraduate students. Participants who received imagery rehearsal therapy showed larger improvements on nightmare frequency (d = 1.03; p < .05), nightmare distress (d = 0.75; p < .05) and insomnia severity (d = 1.12; p < .001) compared with the participants in the wait‐list condition. The effects were sustained at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. No significant effects were observed on the number of nights with nightmares per week, anxiety and depression. In line with earlier reports, the treatment effect was mediated by the increase of mastery at mid‐treatment, underlining the mechanistic value of mastery in imagery rehearsal therapy. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to deliver imagery rehearsal therapy in a self‐help format supported by unexperienced therapists and with relatively little time investment. This opens possibilities in terms of cost‐effectiveness, scalability and dissemination of imagery rehearsal therapy in the treatment of nightmares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Lancee
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,PsyQ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Effting
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Kunze
- Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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36
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Pudrovska T, Anishkin A. Personal Mastery and the Medical, Financial, and Physical Cancer Burden: Gender and Race Differences Among Older Adults. J Aging Health 2020; 32:1233-1243. [PMID: 32242759 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320912611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We explore how a new cancer diagnosis affects trajectories of personal mastery among non-Hispanic Black and White older adults. We estimate whether and how cancer therapy (chemotherapy, surgery, radiation), the amount and type of health care contacts, the financial burden, and the physical symptoms of cancer explain within- and between-gender differences in mastery. Method: Using the 2006-2014 data from the Health and Retirement Study, we apply matching and multiple regression models testing mediating and moderating effects. Results: White men experience a substantially more pronounced decline in mastery after a cancer diagnosis than all women and Black men. Cancer treatment disproportionately decreases White men's mastery via exposure to health care settings. Discussion: Cultural norms of masculinity and femininity imbue cancer and its treatment with gender-specific meanings. Deference to medical authority and losses of independence, decision-making, and self-reliance are incompatible with masculinity and might affect mastery more adversely in older White men.
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Walder K, Molineux M, Bissett M, Whiteford G. Occupational adaptation - analyzing the maturity and understanding of the concept through concept analysis. Scand J Occup Ther 2019; 28:26-40. [PMID: 31786968 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2019.1695931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Occupational adaptation is a key occupational therapy concept, yet lacks clarity and consensus, impacting on its application in practice, theory and research. Concept analysis is a rigorous methodology which enables identification of unique features, gaps in knowledge, and the need for further concept refinement.Aim: This study aimed to determine the conceptual maturity of occupational adaptation, and identify steps needed to understand and use occupational adaptation.Methods: Four databases were searched using the term 'occupational adaptation' and a principle-based concept analysis was conducted from epistemological, pragmatic, linguistic, and logical perspectives. A mapping of the concept's evolution and analysis of the maturity of its structural features also occurred.Results: Seven hundred and fourty-eight papers were identified, which reduced to 161 after abstract and full-text review. A diverse range of applications and two primary theoretical frames of reference were identified. The definition, attributes, preconditions, outcomes, and boundaries of the concept lacked maturity, limiting clinical utility.Conclusions and significance: Occupational adaptation is a concept applied across many practice and research contexts, yet the concept is not fully mature. Concept refinement is required before further applied research is conducted. A shared understanding of occupational adaptation through refinement and research may consolidate its importance and future utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Walder
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Matthew Molineux
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michelle Bissett
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Gail Whiteford
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Abstract
Autism and depression often co-occur. Through network analysis, we seek to gain a better understanding of this co-occurrence by investigating whether (1) autism and depression share overlapping groups of symptoms and/or (2) are connected through a bridge of mastery or worry symptoms. This is addressed in two complimentary studies: (1) Study 1 focusing on depressed (N = 258) and non-depressed adults (N = 117), aged 60-90 years; (2) Study 2 focusing on autistic (N = 173) and non-autistic adults (N = 70), aged 31-89 years. Self-report questionnaire data were collected on autistic traits (AQ-28), depression symptoms (Study 1: Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report; Study 2: Symptom Checklist 90-Revised depression subscale), worry (Worry Scale-R) and mastery (the Pearlin Mastery Scale). For both studies, data were analysed by creating glasso networks and subsequent centrality analyses to identify the most influential variables in the respective networks. Both depressed and autistic adults are highly similar in the perceived amount of worries and lack of control. While caution is needed when interpreting the pattern of findings given the bootstrapping results, findings from both studies indicate that overlapping symptoms do not fully explain the co-occurrence of autism and depression and the perception of having control over your life, that is, mastery seems a relevant factor in connecting autism and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie K Deserno
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dr. Leo Kannerhuis, The Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands.,GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde M Geurts
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dr. Leo Kannerhuis, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable autoimmune disease causing overwhelming physical distress and psychological adaptation. PURPOSE To explore the associations between foundational influences and personal characteristics predictors to the achievement of mastery of health in patients with IBD. THEORY Orem's Theory of Self-Care, Resnick's Theory of Self-Efficacy, and Pearlin and Schooler's study of the structure of coping guided this study. The conceptual framework used was the Functional Mastery of Health Ownership (FMHO) model. METHODS A predictive correlational study design using self-administered questionnaires was used. A convenience sample of 151 adults with a diagnosis of IBD for at least 1 year was recruited from the patient population of a gastroenterology medical practice. RESULTS Data were analyzed using multiple regression with standard entry factor loading. Portions of the model were found to be significant and account for 44% of the variance (p < .001; R 2 = .44, Adjusted R 2 = .41). Significant relationships were found among mastery and IBD self-efficacy, perception of mastery, and current health status. Females had higher mastery scores than males. SIGNIFICANCE These findings support the use of a modified FMHO model to predict needs that enable individualized stewardship of health for patients with IBD.
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Stoddard SA, Pierce J, Hurd NM, Bauermeister JA, Zimmerman MA. Purpose and mastery as predictors of perceived health and substance use problems. J Community Psychol 2019; 47:1514-1529. [PMID: 31212366 PMCID: PMC6625927 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We explored whether purpose in life and mastery predicted perceived physical health and problematic substance use among a sample of emerging adults who reported ever using alcohol or drugs. We examined perceived stress and coping as potential mediators of these associations and explored whether parental support moderated any of these associations. In a sample of emerging adults from across the United States (N = 2,564; M age = 20.87, standard deviation = 1.75; 49.6% male), purpose in life and mastery were associated with better-perceived health and fewer negative consequences of drug use via lower perceived stress and coping. In addition, parental support modified the relationship between purpose in life and stress and coping. The findings suggest potential health benefits associated with a greater purpose in life and mastery and indicate that parental support may enhance these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Stoddard
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5482
| | - Jennifer Pierce
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 North Ingalls Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5482
| | - Noelle M. Hurd
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 201 Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - José A. Bauermeister
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Room 402, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029
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Maïano C, Hue O, April J. Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2019; 32:1018-1033. [PMID: 31087452 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review is a synthesis of studies concerning: (a) mastery, deficits, and/or delays in fundamental movement skills (FMS) among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities; (b) comparisons of FMS between children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and those with typical development (TD); and (c) correlates of FMS. METHOD A systematic electronic search was performed in 12 databases. Seventeen studies, published between 1951 and 2017, met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Children with intellectual disabilities exhibited a lack of mastery and deficits/developmental delays in FMS. They tended to have significantly lower FMS performance than children with TD. Adolescents with intellectual disabilities had developmental delays in balance skills, but were not compared with adolescents with TD. Mastery or deficits in FMS were not explored. Several variables were significantly correlated with FMS among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSION In future studies, FMS should be examined as an important outcome among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Saint-Jérôme, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Hue
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne April
- Department of Education Sciences, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Saint-Jérôme, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
AIM This concept analysis was developed to produce a working definition regarding ownership of health in advanced practice nursing. BACKGROUND Ownership of health is a new concept developed in nursing. Adolescence is a time of learning identity and needed life skills for a chronic illness. Nurses can utilize this concept for improvement of outcomes for their adolescent patients. DESIGN/METHOD This concept analysis is based on Walker and Avant. DATA SOURCE AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE As ownership of health is new in nursing, a literature search was based on elements of Donnelley's Functional Mastery of Health Ownership nursing model. RESULTS Attributes (responsibility, self-efficacy, mastery/control, and self-image), model/contrary case, antecedents (awareness, willingness, desire, and acceptance), consequences, and empirical referents are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The definition of ownership is critical to both nursing and the advanced practice nurse. Adolescents are a special population of patients; learning how to both be independent and to care for their health. By employing a framework of ownership, adolescents can be more likely to thrive versus merely survive with asthma and the impact will go beyond the patients to their families and impact health outcomes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Nickels-Nelson
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
- Community Health Programs (CHP), Berkshire Pediatric Associates, Pittsfield, Massachusetts
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Ardelt M, Ferrari M. Effects of wisdom and religiosity on subjective well-being in old age and young adulthood: exploring the pathways through mastery and purpose in life. Int Psychogeriatr 2019; 31:477-89. [PMID: 30457081 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610218001680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTObjectives:Prior research found that the positive association between wisdom and subjective well-being might at least partially be explained by a greater sense of mastery and purpose in life. This study tested whether religiosity provides an alternative pathway to well-being and whether the associations are moderated by age cohort and nation of residency. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A quota sample design was used, stratified by age group, sex, and nation of residency, to collect cross-sectional survey data of 111 older adults (age range 62-99 years, M = 77.20, SD = 8.98) and 100 young adults (age range 21-30 years, M = 24.05, SD = 2.69) from Canada and the United States. MEASUREMENTS Face-to-face interviews were conducted to administer the survey. All measures consisted of validated scales and items. RESULTS Multi-group path analysis confirmed that mastery and purpose in life partially mediated the association between wisdom and well-being. Religiosity offered an alternative pathway to well-being, also partially through a greater sense of mastery and purpose in life. Wisdom was statistically more strongly related to mastery among older adults, whereas the association between mastery and purpose in life was statistically stronger among young adults. The mediated pathways from wisdom and religiosity to well-being did not differ by nation of residency. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of internal strengths for subjective well-being among both young and older adults and add confidence to the generalizability of the mediated path model for North America.
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Gómez-López M, Ruiz-Sánchez V, Granero-Gallegos A. Analysis of the Prediction of Motivational Climate in Handball Players' Fear of Failure. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16030344. [PMID: 30691146 PMCID: PMC6388210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sports can at times become a negative socializing agent for athletes. The objectives here were to analyse the relationship between motivational climates (involving coaches and peers) and fear of failure in players according to gender and sports experience, and also to control for the extent to which these motivational climates predict the different aversive causes of fear of failure. To this aim, a non-experimental, descriptive, and sectional design was used in which participants answered the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, the Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sports Questionnaire, and the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory. The sample included 479 handball players aged 16⁻17 years old (mean = 16.60; standard deviation = 0.50) who were playing in Spanish regional youth category handball teams. The results revealed that the task-involving training climate predominates in both genders over the ego-involving training climate, particularly in girls and in less experienced players. The peer ego-involving climate also predominates with respect to the peer task-involving climate in both genders, but this is particularly so for boys and in more experienced players. Furthermore, except for fear of feeling shame, which was predicted by the peer ego-involving climate, all the aversive causes of fear of failure are predicted mainly by the coach climate. The immediate environment was proved to be determinant in avoidance behaviours and fear of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Victoria Ruiz-Sánchez
- Human Performance and Sports Science Research Group (E0B5-05), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Granero-Gallegos
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
- Health and Public Administration Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
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Chan EY, Lim ZX, Ding YY, Chan YH, Lim WS. Development of a Brief Caregiver-centric Screening Tool to Identify Risk of Depression among Caregivers of Hospitalized Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:578-585. [PMID: 31233081 PMCID: PMC6586909 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Caregivers of hospitalized older adults experience elevated levels of stress and are at risk of poor health outcomes. There is a lack of screening tools based on self-reported caregiver variables incorporating both protective and risk factors, for early identification of at-risk caregivers. This study reports the development of a caregiver-centric screening tool to identify risk of depression at admission and predicts 3-month risk of depression and quality of life amongst caregivers of older adults with an unplanned admission. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study was conducted in the medical wards of a tertiary-care hospital from July 2015 to May 2017. We recruited family caregivers of patients aged 65 years and above who fulfilled the following criteria: a) unplanned admission, b) not residing in nursing homes; and c) requiring assistance in activities of daily living. MEASUREMENTS We examined 11 candidate caregiver variables (mastery, burden and nine demographic variables). Risk of depression (score ≥8 on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) depression subscale) was the primary outcome, and was assessed during the index admission. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors and risk scores (weights). The total risk scores were then stratified into three risk levels. Predictive validity of the screening tool was assessed using 3-months post-discharge risk of depression and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS The study included 274 caregiver-patient dyads. The mean (SD) age of the caregivers was 59 (10) years with 33.6% caregivers screening positive for risk of depression. The final model comprised three caregiver variables: mastery, burden and education. The total risk scores ranged from 0 to 6 and showed good discrimination (AUC:0.82, 95% CI: 0.77 to 0.87). Caregivers were classified into low-risk (0-1 points), intermediate-risk (2-4 points), and high-risk (5-6 points) groups, with corresponding rates of risk of depression (HADS-D≥8) of 10.7%, 44.6% and 73.3%, during admission. Relative risk rates of the intermediate- and high- risk group using the low-risk group as reference were 4.16 and 6.84 respectively. At 3-months post-discharge, the rates of caregivers at risk of depression or having poor HRQoL also increased corresponding to the three risk levels as per baseline, supporting the predictive validity of the tool. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS The caregiver-centric tool is a novel, practical, self-administered, relatively brief caregiver-centric instrument that can be used for rapid screening and stratification of caregivers at risk of depression. Uniquely, the tool comprised of assessment of protective factor (mastery) in addition to risk factors to provide a holistic assessment of the caregiver. It can be incorporated as part of older adults' admission evaluation so that prompt intervention can be rendered to their at-risk caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Y Chan
- Ee-Yuee Chan, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Nursing Service, Annex 1, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Email address: , Telephone number: (65)63573185, Fax number: (65)63578515
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Baek K, Mann SK, Alemi Q, Kumar A, Newman P, Spencer-Hwang R, Montgomery S. Impact of Heart Disease Risk Factors, Respiratory Illness, Mastery, and Quality of Life on the Health Status of Individuals Living Near a Major Railyard in Southern California. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2765. [PMID: 30563262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential health risks for communities that surround railyards have largely been understudied. Mastery and quality of life (QoL) have been associated with self-reported health status in the general population, but few studies have explored this variable among highly vulnerable low-income groups exposed to harmful air pollutants. This study investigates the relationship between self-reported health status and correlates of Heart Disease Risk Factors (HDRF) and Respiratory Illness (RI) with mastery and QoL acting as potential protective buffers. This cross-sectional study of 684 residents residing near a Southern California railyard attempts to address this limitation. Results from three separate hierarchal linear regressions showed that those who reported being diagnosed with at least one type of HDRF and/or RI reported lower perceived health status. For those that lived further from the railyard, mastery and QoL predicted modest increases in perceived health status. Results suggest that mastery and QoL may be helpful as tools in developing interventions but should not solely be used to assess risk and health outcomes as perceived health status may not measure actual health status.
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Abstract
CONTEXT The motivational climate created by the athletic trainer in rehabilitation may be critical in influencing athletes' intrinsic motivation and other psychosocial outcomes in the rehabilitation and the recovery processes. OBJECTIVE To examine intercollege athletes' perceptions of the motivational climate in the rehabilitation setting. Specifically, examining if perceptions of the motivational climate can predict athletes' levels of intrinsic motivation with rehabilitation as well as the relationship between perceptions of the motivational climate and athlete demographics (gender, starter status, athletic trainer gender, etc). DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive research. SETTING College sport team and athletic training center. PARTICIPANTS National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II intercollege athletes from one institution (n = 187; 125 males and 62 females). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Paper-based survey measuring mastery and performance perceptions of the motivational climate in rehabilitation, athletes' goal orientation in sport, and athletes' levels of motivation in rehabilitation. RESULTS Perceptions of a performance climate were positively related to intrinsic motivation effort-improvement (effect size = 25.34%). Perceptions of a mastery climate were positively related to interest-enjoyment and perceived competence and negatively related to tension-pressure (effect size = 39.03%). In general, female athletes, as well as athletes with a female athletic trainer, had significantly higher perceptions of mastery motivational climate effort-improvement than male athletes and athletes with male athletic trainers. While male athletes and athletes with male athletic trainers had higher perceptions of intrateam member rivalry in rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS The athlete's gender and goal orientation, as well as the gender of the athletic trainer creating the motivational climate, can influence whether the environment is perceived as more mastery or performance. The recovering athletes' perceptions of the climate in rehabilitation can, in turn, affect their intrinsic motivation toward the therapeutic interventions.
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Makhoul Khoury S, Ben-Zur H, Ben-Arush M. Mastery and social support moderate the effects of educational level on adjustment of Arab mothers of children diagnosed with cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018; 27:e12906. [PMID: 30144209 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study explored the adjustment of Arab mothers of children diagnosed with cancer, as shown by the mothers' distress and quality of life. The aim was twofold: to examine the associations between educational level, psychosocial resources and adjustment indices and to assess the moderating effects of psychosocial resources on the education and adjustment association. The sample consisted of 100 Arab mothers who completed questionnaires assessing demographic and illness variables, mastery, social support, psychological distress and quality of life. High levels of education and psychosocial resources contributed to low distress and high levels of quality of life. Mastery and social support moderated the effects of education on adjustment: Under low levels of education, higher mastery was related to lower distress and higher quality of life, and higher social support was related to lower distress. Education, mastery and social support are important resources in the context of adjustment to cancer. In addition, psychosocial resources are important factors for adjustment under low levels of education and should be taken into consideration when developing intervention programmes for Arab parents coping with their child's cancer.
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Sammul S, Viigimaa M. Rapid socio-economic changes, psychosocial factors and prevalence of hypertension among men and women aged 55 years at baseline in Estonia: a 13-year follow-up study. Blood Press 2018; 27:351-357. [PMID: 29806557 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2018.1476054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is an important public health problem which causes premature morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for about 55% of deaths in Estonia. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY was to assess, through a follow-up period, the prevalence of hypertension and to observe which risk factors of cardiovascular disease impact the occurrence of the disease. The second aim of the study was to evaluate the role of psychosocial factors and personality traits among individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 330 subjects from Estonia, aged 55 years at baseline, from among whom 219 participated at follow-up. A cross-sectional study based on a self-reported questionnaire was conducted. RESULTS Over 13 years, the prevalence of hypertension increased from 4% to 53%. Obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) individuals were four times more likely to belong to the hypertension group (p < .01). Among individuals with hypertension the depressed mood score was ≥4 points (max. 9 points) in 54.3% of participants. Depressed mood was linked with experiencing negative stressful life events (B = 0.047, 95% CI 0.016; 0.079; p < .01). Mastery had a protective impact on depressed mood. The self-rated quality of life score was lower among subjects with hypertension than among those who were not diagnosed with hypertension (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS According to the 13-year follow-up study, rapid socio-economic changes in Estonia have affected psychosocial health factors among 55-year-old individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension. There is a significant relationship between obesity and the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirje Sammul
- a Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia.,b Tartu Health Care College , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Margus Viigimaa
- c Centre of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Centre , Tallinn , Estonia.,d Tallinn University of Technology, Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine , Tallinn , Estonia
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce the Functional Mastery of Health Ownership (FMHO) model and to develop an operational definition of functional mastery as it applies to a positive health outcome for patients with chronic illness or an altered life situation. Daily functioning within the negative disease burden of chronic illness is the goal of individuals living within the constraints of morbidity. Functional mastery fosters health ownership and helps to predict successful control over life circumstances for optimum wellness within the parameters of the limitations of the effects of illness. Significant to nursing, the FMHO conceptual framework uses four foundational influences to assess a patient's ability to not only master function within the disease process, but also to sustain function and best health over time. The FMHO model provides a tool for practitioners to enable individualized care as patients move through the disease process and adapt to changes over time.
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