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Bacigalupe LD, Solano‐Iguaran JJ, Longo AV, Gaitán‐Espitia JD, Valenzuela‐Sánchez A, Alvarado‐Rybak M, Azat C. Nor climate nor human impact factors: Chytrid infection shapes the skin bacterial communities of an endemic amphibian in a biodiversity hotspot. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11249. [PMID: 38590552 PMCID: PMC10999949 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial communities of the amphibian skin (i.e., the bacteriome) are critical to the host's innate immune system. However, it is unclear how different drivers can alter this function by modulating the bacteriome's structure. Our aim was to assess the extent to which different host attributes and extrinsic factors influence the structure of the bacterial communities of the skin. Skin bacterial diversity was examined in 148 individuals of the four-eyed frog (Pleurodema thaul) from 16 localities spanning almost 1800 km in latitude. The richness and beta diversity of bacterial families and the richness and abundance of Bd-inhibitory bacterial genera were used to describe their structure. Predictors associated with the host (developmental stage, genetic lineage, individual Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd] infection status) and the landscape (current climate, degree of anthropogenic disturbance) were used in the statistical modeling in an information theoretical approach. Bd infection and host developmental stage were the only predictors affecting bacteriome richness, with Bd+ individuals and postmetamorphic stages (adults and juveniles) having higher richness than Bd- ones and tadpoles. High diversity in Bd+ individuals is not driven by bacterial genera with known anti-Bd properties. Beta diversity was not affected by Bd infection and was mainly a consequence of bacterial family turnover rather than nestedness. Finally, for those bacterial genera known to have inhibitory effects on chytrid, Bd+ individuals had a slightly higher diversity than Bd- ones. Our study confirms an association between Bd infection and the host developmental stage with the bacterial communities of the skin of P. thaul. Unexpectedly, macroclimate and human impact factors do not seem to play a role in shaping the amphibian skin microbiome. Our study exemplifies that focusing on a single host-parasite system over a large geographic scale can provide essential insights into the factors driving host-parasite-bacteriome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaiber J. Solano‐Iguaran
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Departamento de Salud HidrobiológicaInstituto de Fomento PesqueroPuerto MonttChile
| | - Ana V. Longo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Juan D. Gaitán‐Espitia
- School of Biological Sciences and the SWIRE Institute of Marine ScienceThe University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina
| | | | - Mario Alvarado‐Rybak
- Núcleo de Ciencias Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronómicasUniversidad de Las AméricasSantiagoChile
| | - Claudio Azat
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD in Conservation MedicineUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile
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2
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Alvarado-Rybak M, Acuña P, Peñafiel-Ricaurte A, Sewell TR, O'Hanlon SJ, Fisher MC, Valenzuela-Sánchez A, Cunningham AA, Azat C. Chytridiomycosis Outbreak in a Chilean Giant Frog ( Calyptocephalella gayi) Captive Breeding Program: Genomic Characterization and Pathological Findings. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:733357. [PMID: 34631859 PMCID: PMC8497818 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.733357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife are increasingly associated with animal mortality and species declines, but their source and genetic characterization often remains elusive. Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been associated with catastrophic and well-documented amphibian population declines and extinctions at the global scale. We used histology and whole-genome sequencing to describe the lesions caused by, and the genetic variability of, two Bd isolates obtained from a mass mortality event in a captive population of the threatened Chilean giant frog (Calyptocephalella gayi). This was the first time an association between Bd and high mortality had been detected in this charismatic and declining frog species. Pathological examinations revealed that 30 dead metamorphosed frogs presented agnathia or brachygnathia, a condition that is reported for the first time in association with chytridiomycosis. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that Bd isolates (PA1 and PA2) from captive C. gayi group with other Bd isolates (AVS2, AVS4, and AVS7) forming a single highly supported Chilean Bd clade within the global panzootic lineage of Bd (BdGPL). These findings are important to inform the strengthening of biosecurity measures to prevent the impacts of chytridiomycosis in captive breeding programs elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alvarado-Rybak
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom.,Núcleo de Ciencias Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Acuña
- Criadero y Centro de Exhibición de la Rana Chilena Calyptocephalella gayi, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas R Sewell
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J O'Hanlon
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Valenzuela-Sánchez
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,ONG Ranita de Darwin, Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Claudio Azat
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Alvarado-Rybak M, Lepe-Lopez M, Peñafiel-Ricaurte A, Valenzuela-Sánchez A, Valdivia C, Mardones FO, Bacigalupe LD, Puschendorf R, Cunningham AA, Azat C. Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17383. [PMID: 34462470 PMCID: PMC8405646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused the greatest known loss of biodiversity due to an infectious disease. We used Bd infection data from quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays of amphibian skin swabs collected across Chile during 2008-2018 to model Bd occurrence with the aim to determine bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables associated with Bd infection. Also, we used Bd presence/absence records to identify geographical Bd high-risk areas and compare Bd prevalence and infection loads between amphibian families, ecoregions, and host ecology. Data comprised 4155 Bd-specific qPCR assays from 162 locations across a latitudinal gradient of 3700 km (18º to 51ºS). Results showed a significant clustering of Bd associated with urban centres and anthropogenically highly disturbed ecosystems in central-south Chile. Both Bd prevalence and Bd infection loads were higher in aquatic than terrestrial amphibian species. Our model indicated positive associations of Bd prevalence with altitude, temperature, precipitation and human-modified landscapes. Also, we found that macroscale drivers, such as land use change and climate, shape the occurrence of Bd at the landscape level. Our study provides with new evidence that can improve the effectiveness of strategies to mitigate biodiversity loss due to amphibian chytridiomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alvarado-Rybak
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Programme in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
- Núcleo de Ciencias Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Universidad de las Américas, Echaurren 140, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Lepe-Lopez
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Programme in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Programme in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Programme in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile
- ONG Ranita de Darwin, Nataniel Cox 152, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5110566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Catalina Valdivia
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Programme in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando O Mardones
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo D Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Robert Puschendorf
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andrew A Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Claudio Azat
- Sustainability Research Centre & PhD Programme in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Trojan hosts: the menace of invasive vertebrates as vectors of pathogens in the Southern Cone of South America. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Bie J, Zheng K, Gao X, Liu B, Ma J, Hayat MA, Xiao J, Wang H. Spatial Risk Analysis of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, A Global Emerging Fungal Pathogen. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:3-12. [PMID: 34212260 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chytridiomycosis, a leading cause for the global decline in the number of amphibians, is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. In this study, global distribution data of B. dendrobatidis were collected from January 2009 to May 2019. Space-time scan statistics and the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model were used to analyze the epidemic trends and aggregation of the pathogen, and predict B. dendrobatidis distribution through its relationships with climate factors, wind speed, and solar radiation. The results of space-time scan statistics show seven clusters of data for the distribution of B. dendrobatidis. The time was mainly concentrated in 2009, 2013, 2015, and 2016, and the regions were primarily concentrated in southeastern Canada, southwestern France, Nigeria, Cameroon, eastern Brazil, southeastern Brazil, central Madagascar, and central and eastern Australia. MaxEnt showed that annual precipitation had the largest contribution percentage in the model, and annual mean temperature highly influenced the distribution of B. dendrobatidis. The global high-risk areas of B. dendrobatidis distribution were mainly observed in western Canada, southern Brazil, Chile, the United Kingdom, Japan, the Republic of Korea, eastern South Africa, eastern Madagascar, southeastern Australia, and southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bie
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Keren Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abid Hayat
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Lambertini C, Becker CG, M. Belasen A, Valencia-Aguilar A, Nunes-de-Almeida CHL, Betancourt-Román CM, Rodriguez D, da Silva Leite D, Oliveira IS, Gasparini JL, Ruggeri J, Mott T, Jenkinson TS, James TY, Zamudio KR, Toledo LF. Biotic and abiotic determinants of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections in amphibians of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Bienentreu JF, Lesbarrères D. Amphibian Disease Ecology: Are We Just Scratching the Surface? HERPETOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Lesbarrères
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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8
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Jacinto-Maldonado M, García-Peña G, Paredes-León R, Saucedo B, Sarmiento-Silva R, García A, Martínez-Gómez D, Ojeda M, Del Callejo E, Suzán G. Chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculoidea) do not increase rates of infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis fungus in the endemic Dwarf Mexican Treefrog Tlalocohyla smithii (Anura: Hylidae). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 11:163-173. [PMID: 32099787 PMCID: PMC7031141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphibian populations are globally declining at an alarming rate, and infectious diseases are among the main causes of their decline. Two micro-parasites, the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and the virus Ranavirus (RV) have caused mass mortality of amphibians and population declines. Other, less understood epizootics are caused by macro-parasites, such as Trombiculoidea chiggers. Infection with chiggers can affect frog behavior and survival. Furthermore, synergistic effects of co-infection with both macro and micro-parasites may lead to higher morbidity. To better understand these potential synergies, we investigated the presence and co-infection by chiggers, Bd and RV in the endemic frog Tlalocohyla smithii (T. smithii). Co-infection of Bd, RV, and/or chiggers is expected in habitats that are suitable for their co-occurrence; and if infection with one parasite facilitates infection with the others. On the other hand, co-infection could decrease if these parasites were to differ in their micro-environmental requirements (i.e. niche apportionment). A total of 116 frogs of T. smithii were studied during 2014 and 2016 in three streams within the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve in Jalisco, Mexico. Our results show that 31% of the frogs were infected with Trombiculoidea chiggers (Hannemania sp. and Eutrombicula alfreddugesi); Hannemania prevalence increased with air temperature and decreased in sites with high canopies and with water pH values above 8.5 and below 6.7. Bd prevalence was 2.6%, RV prevalence was 0%, and none of the frogs infected with chiggers were co-infected with Bd. Together, this study suggests that chiggers do not facilitate infection with Bd, as these are apportioned in different micro-habitats. Nevertheless, the statistical power to assure this is low. We recommend further epidemiological monitoring of multiple parasites in different geographical locations in order to provide insight on the true hazards, risks and conservation options for amphibian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Jacinto-Maldonado
- The Complexity Sciences Center C3 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, 3000, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad, 3000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G.E. García-Peña
- The Complexity Sciences Center C3 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, 3000, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad, 3000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R. Paredes-León
- National Mite Collection, Biology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - B. Saucedo
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, CB87UU, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - R.E. Sarmiento-Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad, 3000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. García
- Chamela Biological Station, Biology Institute, San Patricio Melaque, 48980, La Huerta, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - D. Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Production, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Unit of Xochimilco. Prol, Canal de Miramontes, 3855, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Ojeda
- National Mite Collection, Biology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - E. Del Callejo
- The Complexity Sciences Center C3 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, 3000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G. Suzán
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad, 3000, Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Scheele BC, Pasmans F, Skerratt LF, Berger L, Martel A, Beukema W, Acevedo AA, Burrowes PA, Carvalho T, Catenazzi A, De la Riva I, Fisher MC, Flechas SV, Foster CN, Frías-Álvarez P, Garner TWJ, Gratwicke B, Guayasamin JM, Hirschfeld M, Kolby JE, Kosch TA, La Marca E, Lindenmayer DB, Lips KR, Longo AV, Maneyro R, McDonald CA, Mendelson J, Palacios-Rodriguez P, Parra-Olea G, Richards-Zawacki CL, Rödel MO, Rovito SM, Soto-Azat C, Toledo LF, Voyles J, Weldon C, Whitfield SM, Wilkinson M, Zamudio KR, Canessa S. Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity. Science 2019; 363:1459-1463. [PMID: 30923224 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 531] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic trade and development have broken down dispersal barriers, facilitating the spread of diseases that threaten Earth's biodiversity. We present a global, quantitative assessment of the amphibian chytridiomycosis panzootic, one of the most impactful examples of disease spread, and demonstrate its role in the decline of at least 501 amphibian species over the past half-century, including 90 presumed extinctions. The effects of chytridiomycosis have been greatest in large-bodied, range-restricted anurans in wet climates in the Americas and Australia. Declines peaked in the 1980s, and only 12% of declined species show signs of recovery, whereas 39% are experiencing ongoing decline. There is risk of further chytridiomycosis outbreaks in new areas. The chytridiomycosis panzootic represents the greatest recorded loss of biodiversity attributable to a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. .,National Environmental Science Programme, Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lee F Skerratt
- One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Lee Berger
- One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wouter Beukema
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Aldemar A Acevedo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.,Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Biogeografía, Universidad de Pamplona, Barrio El Buque, Km 1, Vía a Bucaramanga, Pamplona, Colombia
| | - Patricia A Burrowes
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Tamilie Carvalho
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Catenazzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ignacio De la Riva
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Sandra V Flechas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Sede Venado de Oro, Paseo Bolívar 16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claire N Foster
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Patricia Frías-Álvarez
- One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Trenton W J Garner
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.,Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Brian Gratwicke
- Smithsonian National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Juan M Guayasamin
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Ambientales BIOSFERA, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Campus Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador.,Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Facultad de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Calle Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mareike Hirschfeld
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Jonathan E Kolby
- One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.,Honduras Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Center, Lancetilla Botanical Garden and Research Center, Tela, Honduras.,The Conservation Agency, Jamestown, RI 02835, USA
| | - Tiffany A Kosch
- One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.,AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Enrique La Marca
- School of Geography, Faculty of Forestry Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,National Environmental Science Programme, Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Karen R Lips
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ana V Longo
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Raúl Maneyro
- Laboratorio de Sistemática e Historia Natural de Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Igua 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cait A McDonald
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joseph Mendelson
- Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Parra-Olea
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Sean M Rovito
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato CP36824, México
| | - Claudio Soto-Azat
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jamie Voyles
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Ché Weldon
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Steven M Whitfield
- Zoo Miami, Conservation and Research Department, Miami, FL 33177, USA.,Florida International University School of Earth, Environment, and Society, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Stefano Canessa
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology, and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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10
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Bacigalupe LD, Vásquez IA, Estay SA, Valenzuela‐Sánchez A, Alvarado‐Rybak M, Peñafiel‐Ricaurte A, Cunningham AA, Soto‐Azat C. The amphibian‐killing fungus in a biodiversity hotspot: identifying and validating high‐risk areas and refugia. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D. Bacigalupe
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Inao A. Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Sergio A. Estay
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Andrés Valenzuela‐Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- ONG Ranita de Darwin Santiago Chile
| | - Mario Alvarado‐Rybak
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida & Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago Chile
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Alexandra Peñafiel‐Ricaurte
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida & Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago Chile
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Andrew A. Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Claudio Soto‐Azat
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida & Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago Chile
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11
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Urbina J, Galeano SP, Bacigalupe LD, Flechas SV. Disease Ecology: Past and Present for a Better FutureXI Latin American Congress of Herpetology, Quito, Ecuador, July 24–28 2017. COPEIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1643/ch-18-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Urbina
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 2820 SW Campus way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; . Send reprint requests to this address
| | - Sandra P. Galeano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A 15-09, Bogotá, Colombia 111311
| | - Leonardo D. Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sandra V. Flechas
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Calle 28A 15-09, Bogotá, Colombia 111311
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12
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Perotti MG, Bonino MF, Ferraro D, Cruz FB. How sensitive are temperate tadpoles to climate change? The use of thermal physiology and niche model tools to assess vulnerability. ZOOLOGY 2018; 127:95-105. [PMID: 29496379 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ectotherms are vulnerable to climate change, given their dependence on temperature, and amphibians are particularly interesting because of their complex life cycle. Tadpoles may regulate their body temperature by using suitable thermal microhabitats. Thus, their physiological responses are the result of adjustment to the local thermal limits experienced in their ponds. We studied three anuran tadpole species present in Argentina and Chile: Pleurodema thaul and Pleurodema bufoninum that are seasonal and have broad geographic ranges, and Batrachyla taeniata, a geographically restricted species with overwintering tadpoles. Species with restricted distribution are more susceptible to climate change than species with broader distribution that may cope with potential climatic changes in the environments in which they occur. We aim to test whether these species can buffer the potential effects of climate warming. We used ecological niche models and the outcomes of their thermal attributes (critical thermal limits, optimal temperature, and locomotor performance breadth) as empirical evidence of their capacity. We found that Pleurodema species show broader performance curves, related to their occurrence, while the geographically restricted B. taeniata shows a narrower thermal breadth, but is faster in warmer conditions. The modeled distributions and empirical physiological results suggest no severe threats for these three anurans. However, the risk level is increasing and a retraction of their distribution range might be possible for Pleurodema species, and some local population extinctions may happen, particularly for the narrowly distributed B. taeniata.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Perotti
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Fabián Bonino
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Daiana Ferraro
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Conservación de Tetrápodos, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Félix Benjamín Cruz
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
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13
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Abarca JG, Zuniga I, Ortiz-Morales G, Lugo A, Viquez-Cervilla M, Rodriguez-Hernandez N, Vázquez-Sánchez F, Murillo-Cruz C, Torres-Rivera EA, Pinto-Tomás AA, Godoy-Vitorino F. Characterization of the Skin Microbiota of the Cane Toad Rhinella cf. marina in Puerto Rico and Costa Rica. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2624. [PMID: 29354109 PMCID: PMC5760547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinella marina is a toad native to South America that has been introduced in the Antilles, likely carrying high loads of microorganisms, potentially impacting local community diversity. The amphibian skin is involved in pathogen defense and its microbiota has been relatively well studied, however, research focusing on the cane toad microbiota is lacking. We hypothesize that the skin microbial communities will differ between toads inhabiting different geographical regions in Central America and the Caribbean. To test our hypothesis, we compared the microbiota of three populations of R. cf. marina toads, two from Costa Rican (native) and one Puerto Rican (exotic) locations. In Costa Rica, we collected 11 toads, 7 in Sarapiquí and 4 from Turrialba while in Puerto Rico, 10 animals were collected in Santa Ana. Separate swab samples were collected from the dorsal and ventral sites resulting in 42 samples. We found significant differences in the structure of the microbial communities between Puerto Rico and Costa Rica. We detected as much as 35 different phyla; however, communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Alpha diversity and richness were significantly higher in toads from Puerto Rico and betadiversity revealed significant differences between the microbiota samples from the two countries. At the genus level, we found in Santa Ana, Puerto Rico, a high dominance of Kokuria, Niabella, and Rhodobacteraceae, while in Costa Rica we found Halomonas and Pseudomonas in Sarapiquí, and Acinetobacter and Citrobacter in Turrialba. This is the first report of Niabella associated with the amphibian skin. The core microbiome represented 128 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) mainly from five genera shared among all samples, which may represent the symbiotic Rhinella's skin. These results provide insights into the habitat-induced microbial changes facing this amphibian species. The differences in the microbial diversity in Puerto Rican toads compared to those in Costa Rica provide additional evidence of the geographically induced patterns in the amphibian skin microbiome, and highlight the importance of discussing the microbial tradeoffs in the colonization of new ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan G. Abarca
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Ibrahim Zuniga
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Gilmary Ortiz-Morales
- Department of Natural Sciences, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Armando Lugo
- Department of Natural Sciences, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mariel Viquez-Cervilla
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Frances Vázquez-Sánchez
- Department of Natural Sciences, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Catalina Murillo-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Ernesto A. Torres-Rivera
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center for Environmental Education, Conservation and Interpretation, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Adrián A. Pinto-Tomás
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Natural Sciences, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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14
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Intraspecific geographic variation in thermal limits and acclimatory capacity in a wide distributed endemic frog. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:254-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Blooi M, Laking AE, Martel A, Haesebrouck F, Jocque M, Brown T, Green S, Vences M, Bletz MC, Pasmans F. Host niche may determine disease-driven extinction risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181051. [PMID: 28704480 PMCID: PMC5509289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) drives declines and extinctions in amphibian communities. However, not all regions and species are equally affected. Here, we show that association with amphibian aquatic habitat types (bromeliad phytotelmata versus stream) across Central America results in the odds of being threatened by Bd being five times higher in stream microhabitats. This differential threat of Bd was supported in our study by a significantly lower prevalence of Bd in bromeliad-associated amphibian species compared to riparian species in Honduran cloud forests. Evidence that the bromeliad environment is less favorable for Bd transmission is exemplified by significantly less suitable physicochemical conditions and higher abundance of Bd-ingesting micro-eukaryotes present in bromeliad water. These factors may inhibit aquatic Bd zoospore survival and the development of an environmental reservoir of the pathogen. Bromeliad phytotelmata thus may act as environmental refuges from Bd, which contribute to protecting associated amphibian communities against chytridiomycosis-driven amphibian declines that threaten the nearby riparian communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Blooi
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Alexandra E. Laking
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Operation Wallacea, Hope House, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Merlijn Jocque
- Operation Wallacea, Hope House, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Tom Brown
- Operation Wallacea, Hope House, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Green
- Operation Wallacea, Hope House, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Zoology, Cornwall College Newquay, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Molly C. Bletz
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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