1
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Verner JM, Arbuthnott HF, Ramachandran R, Bharadwaj M, Chaudhury N, Jou E. Emerging roles of type 1 innate lymphoid cells in tumour pathogenesis and cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:296-315. [PMID: 38745765 PMCID: PMC11090689 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered class of innate immune cells found to have prominent roles in various human immune-related pathologies such as infection and autoimmune diseases. However, their role in cancer was largely unclear until recently, where several emerging studies over the past few years unanimously demonstrate ILCs to be critical players in tumour immunity. Being the innate counterpart of T cells, ILCs are potent cytokine producers through which they orchestrate the overall immune response upstream of adaptive immunity thereby modulating T cell function. Out of the major ILC subsets, ILC1s have gained significant traction as potential immunotherapeutic candidates due to their central involvement with the anti-tumour type 1 immune response. ILC1s are potent producers of the well-established anti-tumour cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ), and exert direct cytotoxicity against cancer cells in response to the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). However, in advanced diseases, ILC1s are found to demonstrate an exhausted phenotype in the tumour microenvironment (TME) with impaired effector functions, characterised by decreased responsiveness to cytokines and reduced IFNγ production. Tumour cells produce immunomodulatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and IL-23, and through these suppress ILC1 anti-tumour actfivities and converts ILC1s to pro-tumoural ILC3s respectively, resulting in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ILC1s in tumour immunity, and discusses the exciting prospects of harnessing ILC1s for cancer immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with cytokine-based treatment. The exciting prospects of targeting the upstream innate immune system through ILC1s may surmount the limitations associated with adaptive immune T cell-based strategies used in the clinic currently, and overcome cancer immunotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raghavskandhan Ramachandran
- Medical Sciences Division, Oxford University Hospitals, OX3 9DU Oxford, United Kingdom
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, OX1 3BJ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manini Bharadwaj
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Chaudhury
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Jou
- Medical Sciences Division, Oxford University Hospitals, OX3 9DU Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
- Kellogg College, University of Oxford, OX2 6PN Oxford, United Kingdom
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2
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Zang Y, Liu S, Rao Z, Wang Y, Zhang B, Li H, Cao Y, Zhou J, Shen Z, Duan S, He D, Xu H. Retinoid X receptor gamma dictates the activation threshold of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and limits type 2 inflammation in the small intestine. Immunity 2023; 56:2542-2554.e7. [PMID: 37714152 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are crucial in promoting type 2 inflammation that contributes to both anti-parasite immunity and allergic diseases. However, the molecular checkpoints in ILC2s that determine whether to immediately launch a proinflammatory response are unknown. Here, we found that retinoid X receptor gamma (Rxrg) was highly expressed in small intestinal ILC2s and rapidly suppressed by alarmin cytokines. Genetic deletion of Rxrg did not impact ILC2 development but facilitated ILC2 responses and the tissue inflammation induced by alarmins. Mechanistically, RXRγ maintained the expression of its target genes that support intracellular cholesterol efflux, which in turn reduce ILC2 proliferation. Furthermore, RXRγ expression prevented ILC2 response to mild stimulations, including low doses of alarmin cytokine and mechanical skin injury. Together, we propose that RXRγ expression and its mediated lipid metabolic states function as a cell-intrinsic checkpoint that confers the threshold of ILC2 activation in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Systems Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Systems Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zebing Rao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Systems Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Systems Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Systems Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Systems Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjiao Cao
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhuxia Shen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Danyang He
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Systems Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Falquet M, Su Z, Wyss T, Ercolano G, Trabanelli S, Jandus C. Dynamic single-cell regulomes characterize human peripheral blood innate lymphoid cell subpopulations. iScience 2023; 26:107728. [PMID: 37694139 PMCID: PMC10483052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are plastic immune cells divided into 3 main subsets, characterized by distinct phenotypic and functional profiles. Using single cell approaches, heightened heterogeneity of mouse ILCs has been appreciated, imprinted by tissue signals that shape their transcriptome and epigenome. Intra-subset diversity has also been observed in human ILCs. However, combined transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of single ILCs in humans are lacking. Here, we show high transcriptional and epigenetic heterogeneity among human circulating ILCs in healthy individuals. We describe phenotypically distinct subclusters and diverse chromatin accessibility within main ILC populations, compatible with differentially poised states. We validate the use of this healthy donor-based analysis as resource dataset to help inferring ILC changes occurring in disease conditions. Overall, our work provides insights in the complex human ILC biology. We anticipate it to facilitate hypothesis-driven studies in patients, without the need to perform single cell OMICs using precious patients' material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Falquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ziyang Su
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Data Science Facility, AGORA Cancer Research Center, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Bao K, Isik Can U, Miller MM, Brown IK, Dell'Aringa M, Dooms H, Seibold MA, Scott-Browne J, Lee Reinhardt R. A bifurcated role for c-Maf in Th2 and Tfh2 cells during helminth infection. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:357-372. [PMID: 37088263 PMCID: PMC10290510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Differences in transcriptomes, transcription factor usage, and function have identified T follicular helper 2 (Tfh2) cells and T helper 2 (Th2) cells as distinct clusters of differentiation 4+",(CD4) T-cell subsets in settings of type-2 inflammation. Although the transcriptional programs driving Th2 cell differentiation and cytokine production are well defined, dependence on these classical Th2 programs by Tfh2 cells is less clear. Using cytokine reporter mice in combination with transcription factor inference analysis, the b-Zip transcription factor c-Maf and its targets were identified as an important regulon in both Th2 and Tfh2 cells. Conditional deletion of c-Maf in T cells confirmed its importance in type-2 cytokine expression by Th2 and Tfh2 cells. However, while c-Maf was not required for Th2-driven helminth clearance or lung eosinophilia, it was required for Tfh2-driven Immunoglobulin E production and germinal center formation. This differential regulation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity by c-Maf was a result of redundant pathways in Th2 cells that were absent in Tfh2 cells, and c-Maf-specific mechanisms in Tfh2 cells that were absent in Th2 cells. Thus, despite shared expression by Tfh2 and Th2 cells, c-Maf serves as a unique regulator of Tfh2-driven humoral hallmarks during type-2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Uryan Isik Can
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Mindy M Miller
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Ivy K Brown
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Mark Dell'Aringa
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Hans Dooms
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Max A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - James Scott-Browne
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Richard Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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5
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Korchagina AA, Shein SA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Transcriptional control of ILC identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146077. [PMID: 36969171 PMCID: PMC10033543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are heterogeneous innate immune cells which participate in host defense, mucosal repair and immunopathology by producing effector cytokines similarly to their adaptive immune cell counterparts. The development of ILC1, 2, and 3 subsets is controlled by core transcription factors: T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt, respectively. ILCs can undergo plasticity and transdifferentiate to other ILC subsets in response to invading pathogens and changes in local tissue environment. Accumulating evidence suggests that the plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity is controlled by a balance between these and additional transcription factors such as STATs, Batf, Ikaros, Runx3, c-Maf, Bcl11b, and Zbtb46, activated in response to lineage-guiding cytokines. However, how interplay between these transcription factors leads to ILC plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity remains hypothetical. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding transcriptional regulation of ILCs in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
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6
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Calvi M, Di Vito C, Frigo A, Trabanelli S, Jandus C, Mavilio D. Development of Human ILCs and Impact of Unconventional Cytotoxic Subsets in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:914266. [PMID: 35720280 PMCID: PMC9204637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.914266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were firstly described by different independent laboratories in 2008 as tissue-resident innate lymphocytes mirroring the phenotype and function of T helper cells. ILCs have been subdivided into three distinct subgroups, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, according to their cytokine and transcriptional profiles. Subsequently, also Natural Killer (NK) cells, that are considered the innate counterpart of cytotoxic CD8 T cells, were attributed to ILC1 subfamily, while lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells were attributed to ILC3 subgroup. Starting from their discovery, significant advances have been made in our understanding of ILC impact in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, in the protection against pathogens and in tumor immune-surveillance. However, there is still much to learn about ILC ontogenesis especially in humans. In this regard, NK cell developmental intermediates which have been well studied and characterized prior to the discovery of helper ILCs, have been used to shape a model of ILC ontogenesis. Herein, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge about NK cells and helper ILC ontogenesis in humans. We will also focus on the newly disclosed circulating ILC subsets with killing properties, namely unconventional CD56dim NK cells and cytotoxic helper ILCs, by discussing their possible role in ILC ontogenesis and their contribution in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Calvi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frigo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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7
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Kwiecień I, Rutkowska E, Sokołowski R, Bednarek J, Raniszewska A, Jahnz-Różyk K, Rzepecki P, Domagała-Kulawik J. Effector Memory T Cells and CD45RO+ Regulatory T Cells in Metastatic vs. Non-Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Lung Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864497. [PMID: 35585972 PMCID: PMC9108231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes play a leading role in regulation of the immune system in lung cancer patients. The recognition of T cells profile may help in prediction of effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy. The aim of the study was to determine the dominant subpopulation of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) of lung cancer patients. LNs aspirates were obtained during EBUS/TBNA procedure and cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. We showed a higher percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells in the metastatic than in the non-metastatic LNs (28.6 vs. 15.3% and 28.6 vs. 14.0%, p< 0.05). The proportion of CD45RO+ T regulatory cells (CD45RO+ Tregs) was higher in the metastatic LNs than in the non-metastatic ones (65.6 vs. 31%, p< 0.05). We reported the significant differences in T cell subsets depending on the lung cancer metastatic process. We observed that the effector memory T cells were predominant subpopulations in metastatic LNs. Lymphocyte profile in LNs is easy to evaluate by flow cytometry of EBUS/TBNA samples and may reflect the immune status in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiecień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Iwona Kwiecień, ;
| | - Elżbieta Rutkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Sokołowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bednarek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Raniszewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karina Jahnz-Różyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzepecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Fang D, Cui K, Cao Y, Zheng M, Kawabe T, Hu G, Khillan JS, Li D, Zhong C, Jankovic D, Sher A, Zhao K, Zhu J. Differential regulation of transcription factor T-bet induction during NK cell development and T helper-1 cell differentiation. Immunity 2022; 55:639-655.e7. [PMID: 35381213 PMCID: PMC9059963 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive CD4+ T helper cells and their innate counterparts, innate lymphoid cells, utilize an identical set of transcription factors (TFs) for their differentiation and functions. However, similarities and differences in the induction of these TFs in related lymphocytes are still elusive. Here, we show that T helper-1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells displayed distinct epigenomes at the Tbx21 locus, which encodes T-bet, a critical TF for regulating type 1 immune responses. The initial induction of T-bet in NK precursors was dependent on the NK-specific DNase I hypersensitive site Tbx21-CNS-3, and the expression of the interleukin-18 (IL-18) receptor; IL-18 induced T-bet expression through the transcription factor RUNX3, which bound to Tbx21-CNS-3. By contrast, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-binding motifs within Tbx21-CNS-12 were critical for IL-12-induced T-bet expression during Th1 cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, type 1 innate and adaptive lymphocytes utilize distinct enhancer elements for their development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difeng Fang
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kairong Cui
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaqiang Cao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Takeshi Kawabe
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jaspal S Khillan
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunoparasitology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Grimaldi A, Pietropaolo G, Stabile H, Kosta A, Capuano C, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Sciumè G, Fionda C. The Regulatory Activity of Noncoding RNAs in ILCs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102742. [PMID: 34685721 PMCID: PMC8534545 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate lymphocytes playing essential functions in protection against microbial infections and participate in both homeostatic and pathological contexts, including tissue remodeling, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. A number of lineage-defining transcription factors concurs to establish transcriptional networks which determine the identity and the activity of the distinct ILC subsets. However, the contribution of other regulatory molecules in controlling ILC development and function is also recently emerging. In this regard, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent key elements of the complex regulatory network of ILC biology and host protection. ncRNAs mostly lack protein-coding potential, but they are endowed with a relevant regulatory activity in immune and nonimmune cells because of their ability to control chromatin structure, RNA stability, and/or protein synthesis. Herein, we summarize recent studies describing how distinct types of ncRNAs, mainly microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, act in the context of ILC biology. In particular, we comment on how ncRNAs can exert key effects in ILCs by controlling gene expression in a cell- or state-specific manner and how this tunes distinct functional outputs in ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Grimaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Pietropaolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrea Kosta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
- IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.P.); (H.S.); (A.K.); (A.G.); (A.S.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649255118; Fax: +39-0644340632
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10
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Browning LM, Miller C, Kuczma M, Pietrzak M, Jing Y, Rempala G, Muranski P, Ignatowicz L, Kraj P. Bone Morphogenic Proteins Are Immunoregulatory Cytokines Controlling FOXP3 + T reg Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108219. [PMID: 33027660 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) cytokine family promoting differentiation, homeostasis, and self-renewal of multiple tissues. We show that signaling through the bone morphogenic protein receptor 1α (BMPR1α) sustains expression of FOXP3 in Treg cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues. BMPR1α signaling promotes molecular circuits supporting acquisition and preservation of Treg cell phenotype and inhibiting differentiation of pro-inflammatory effector Th1/Th17 CD4+ T cell. Mechanistically, increased expression of KDM6B (JMJD3) histone demethylase, an antagonist of the polycomb repressive complex 2, underlies lineage-specific changes of T cell phenotypes associated with abrogation of BMPR1α signaling. These results reveal that BMPs are immunoregulatory cytokines mediating maturation and stability of peripheral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and controlling generation of iTreg cells. Thus, we establish that BMPs, a large cytokine family, are an essential link between stromal tissues and the adaptive immune system involved in sustaining tissue homeostasis by promoting immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Browning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Caroline Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yu Jing
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leszek Ignatowicz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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11
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Sahiner UM, Layhadi JA, Golebski K, István Komlósi Z, Peng Y, Sekerel B, Durham SR, Brough H, Morita H, Akdis M, Turner P, Nadeau K, Spits H, Akdis C, Shamji MH. Innate lymphoid cells: The missing part of a puzzle in food allergy. Allergy 2021; 76:2002-2016. [PMID: 33583026 DOI: 10.1111/all.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is an increasingly prevalent disease driven by uncontrolled type 2 immune response. Currently, knowledge about the underlying mechanisms that initiate and promote the immune response to dietary allergens is limited. Patients with food allergy are commonly sensitized through the skin in their early life, later on developing allergy symptoms within the gastrointestinal tract. Food allergy results from a dysregulated type 2 response to food allergens, characterized by enhanced levels of IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 with infiltration of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. Recent studies raised a possible role for the involvement of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in driving food allergy. Unlike lymphocytes, ILCs lack They represent a group of lymphocytes that lack specific antigen receptors. ILCs contribute to immune responses not only by releasing cytokines and other mediators but also by responding to cytokines produced by activated cells in their local microenvironment. Due to their localization at barrier surfaces of the airways, gut, and skin, ILCs form a link between the innate and adaptive immunity. This review summarizes recent evidence on how skin and gastrointestinal mucosal immune system contribute to both homeostasis and the development of food allergy, as well as the involvement of ILCs toward inflammatory processes and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit M Sahiner
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, Imperial College London, London, UK.,School of Medicine Department of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Janice A Layhadi
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yaqi Peng
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Bulent Sekerel
- School of Medicine Department of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Brough
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guys and St Thomas, NHS Trust, London, UK.,Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Heath, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK.,Paediatric Allergy Group, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Paul Turner
- Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Kinouchi K, Mikami Y, Kanai T, Itoh H. Circadian rhythms in the tissue-specificity from metabolism to immunity; insights from omics studies. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100984. [PMID: 34158177 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Creatures on earth have the capacity to preserve homeostasis in response to changing environments. The circadian clock enables organisms to adapt to daily predictable rhythms in surrounding conditions. In mammals, circadian clocks constitute hierarchical network, where the central pacemaker in hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as a time-keeping machinery and governs peripheral clocks in every other organ through descending neural and humoral factors. The central clock in SCN is reset by light, whilst peripheral clocks are entrained by feeding-fasting rhythms, emphasizing the point that temporal patterns of nutrient availability specifies peripheral clock functions. Indeed, emerging evidence revealed various types of diets or timing of food intake reprogram circadian rhythms in a tissue specific manner. This advancement in understanding of mechanisms underlying tissue specific responsiveness of circadian oscillators to nutrients at the genomic and epigenomic levels is largely owing to employment of state-of-the-art technologies. Specifically, high-throughput transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome have provided insights into how genes, proteins, and metabolites behave over circadian cycles in a given tissue under a certain dietary condition in an unbiased fashion. Additionally, combinations with specialized types of sequencing such as nascent-seq and ribosomal profiling allow us to dissect how circadian rhythms are generated or obliterated at each step of gene regulation. Importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing methods provide chromatin landscape in terms of regulatory mechanisms of circadian gene expression. In this review, we outline recent discoveries on temporal genomic and epigenomic regulation of circadian rhythms, discussing entrainment of the circadian rhythms by feeding as a fundamental new comprehension of metabolism and immune response, and as a potential therapeutic strategy of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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13
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Peters FS, Strefford JC, Eldering E, Kater AP. T-cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia from an epigenetic perspective. Haematologica 2021; 106:1234-1243. [PMID: 33691381 PMCID: PMC8586819 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.267914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapeutic approaches such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) thus far have not met the high expectations. Therefore it is essential to better understand the molecular mechanisms of CLLinduced T-cell dysfunction. Even though a significant number of studies are available on T-cell function and dysfunction in CLL patients, none examine dysfunction at the epigenomic level. In non-malignant T-cell research, epigenomics is widely employed to define the differentiation pathway into T-cell exhaustion. Additionally, metabolic restrictions in the tumor microenvironment that cause T-cell dysfunction are often mediated by epigenetic changes. With this review paper we argue that understanding the epigenetic (dys)regulation in T cells of CLL patients should be leveled to the knowledge we currently have of the neoplastic B cells themselves. This will permit a complete understanding of how these immune cell interactions regulate T- and B-cell function. Here we relate the cellular and phenotypic characteristics of CLL-induced T-cell dysfunction to epigenetic studies of T-cell regulation emerging from chronic viral infection and tumor models. This paper proposes a framework for future studies into the epigenetic regulation of CLL-induced Tcell dysfunction, knowledge that will help to guide improvements in the utility of autologous T-cell based therapies in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur S Peters
- Experimental Immunology; Departments of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and.
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Departments of Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eric Eldering
- Experimental Immunology; Departments of Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Departments of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Departments of Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and
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14
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NK cell and ILC heterogeneity in colorectal cancer. New perspectives from high dimensional data. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100967. [PMID: 33941383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and tissue-resident natural killer (NK) cells ensure immunity at environmental interfaces and help maintain barrier integrity of the intestinal tract. This wide range of innate lymphocytes is able to provide fast and potent inflammatory responses that, when deregulated, have been associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). While the presence of tumor-infiltrating NK cells is generally associated with a favorable outcome in CRC patients, emerging evidence reveals distinct roles for ILCs in regulating CRC pathogenesis and progression. Advances in next generation sequencing technology, and in particular of single-cell RNA-seq approaches, along with multidimensional flow cytometry analysis, have helped to deconvolute the complexity and heterogeneity of the ILC system both in homeostatic and pathological contexts. In this review, we discuss the protective and detrimental roles of NK cells and ILCs in the pathogenesis of CRC, focusing on the phenotypic and transcriptional modifications these cells undergo during CRC development and progression.
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15
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Yang Y, Wang Y. Role of Epigenetic Regulation in Plasticity of Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640369. [PMID: 33868269 PMCID: PMC8051582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), an immunosuppressive niche, plays a pivotal role in contributing to the development, progression, and immune escape of various types of cancer. Compelling evidence highlights the feasibility of cancer therapy targeting the plasticity of TIME as a strategy to retrain the immunosuppressive immune cells, including innate immune cells and T cells. Epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation, regulate the expression of many human genes and have been reported to be accurate in the reprogramming of TIME according to vast majority of published results. Recently, mounting evidence has shown that the gut microbiome can also influence the colorectal cancer and even extraintestinal tumors via metabolites or microbiota-derived molecules. A tumor is a kind of heterogeneous disease with specificity in time and space, which is not only dependent on genetic regulation, but also regulated by epigenetics. This review summarizes the reprogramming of immune cells by epigenetic modifications in TIME and surveys the recent progress in epigenetic-based cancer clinical therapeutic approaches. We also discuss the ongoing studies and future areas of research that benefits to cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Fernando N, Sciumè G, O'Shea JJ, Shih HY. Multi-Dimensional Gene Regulation in Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes: A View From Regulomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655590. [PMID: 33841440 PMCID: PMC8034253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise control of cytokine production by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and their T cell adaptive system counterparts is critical to mounting a proper host defense immune response without inducing collateral damage and autoimmunity. Unlike T cells that differentiate into functionally divergent subsets upon antigen recognition, ILCs are developmentally programmed to rapidly respond to environmental signals in a polarized manner, without the need of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. The specification of cytokine production relies on dynamic regulation of cis-regulatory elements that involve multi-dimensional epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, transcription factor binding, histone modification and DNA-DNA interactions that form chromatin loops. How these different layers of gene regulation coordinate with each other to fine tune cytokine production, and whether ILCs and their T cell analogs utilize the same regulatory strategy, remain largely unknown. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms that underlie cell identity and functionality of helper T cells and ILCs, focusing on networks of transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements. We discuss how higher-order chromatin architecture orchestrates these components to construct lineage- and state-specific regulomes that support ordered immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilisha Fernando
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - John J O'Shea
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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17
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Li X, Dong L, Liu J, Wang C, Zhang Y, Mei Q, Han W, Xie P, Nie J. Low-Dose Decitabine Augments the Activation and Anti-Tumor Immune Response of IFN-γ + CD4 + T Cells Through Enhancing IκBα Degradation and NF-κB Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647713. [PMID: 33791306 PMCID: PMC8005576 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+ T cells play multiple roles in controlling tumor growth and increasing IFN-γ+ T-helper 1 cell population could promote cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response. We have previously showed that low-dose DNA demethylating agent decitabine therapy promotes CD3+ T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity; however, direct regulation of purified CD4+ T cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods The effects of low-dose decitabine on sorted CD4+ T cells were detected both in vitro and in vivo. The activation, proliferation, intracellular cytokine production and cytolysis activity of CD4+ T cells were analyzed by FACS and DELFIA time-resolved fluorescence assays. In vivo ubiquitination assay was performed to assess protein degradation. Moreover, phosphor-p65 and IκBα levels were detected in sorted CD4+ T cells from solid tumor patients with decitabine-based therapy. Results Low-dose decitabine treatment promoted the proliferation and activation of sorted CD4+ T cells, with increased frequency of IFN-γ+ Th1 subset and enhanced cytolytic activity in vitro and in vivo. NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, suppressed decitabine-induced CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. In terms of mechanism, low-dose decitabine augmented the expression of E3 ligase β-TrCP, promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of IκBα and resulted in NF-κB activation. Notably, we observed that in vitro low-dose decitabine treatment induced NF-κB activation in CD4+ T cells from patients with a response to decitabine-primed chemotherapy rather than those without a response. Conclusion These data suggest that low-dose decitabine potentiates CD4+ T cell anti-tumor immunity through enhancing IκBα degradation and therefore NF-κB activation and IFN-γ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Bio-therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, The Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Muñoz-Rojas AR, Kelsey I, Pappalardo JL, Chen M, Miller-Jensen K. Co-stimulation with opposing macrophage polarization cues leads to orthogonal secretion programs in individual cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:301. [PMID: 33436596 PMCID: PMC7804107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that contribute to fighting infections, tissue repair, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. To enable such functional diversity, macrophages resolve potentially conflicting cues in the microenvironment via mechanisms that are unclear. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to explore how individual macrophages respond when co-stimulated with inflammatory stimuli LPS and IFN-γ and the resolving cytokine IL-4. These co-stimulated macrophages display a distinct global transcriptional program. However, variable negative cross-regulation between some LPS + IFN-γ-specific and IL-4-specific genes results in cell-to-cell heterogeneity in transcription. Interestingly, negative cross-regulation leads to mutually exclusive expression of the T-cell-polarizing cytokine genes Il6 and Il12b versus the IL-4-associated factors Arg1 and Chil3 in single co-stimulated macrophages, and single-cell secretion measurements show that these specialized functions are maintained for at least 48 h. This study suggests that increasing functional diversity in the population is one strategy macrophages use to respond to conflicting environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R Muñoz-Rojas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilana Kelsey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jenna L Pappalardo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meibin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn Miller-Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Chopp LB, Gopalan V, Ciucci T, Ruchinskas A, Rae Z, Lagarde M, Gao Y, Li C, Bosticardo M, Pala F, Livak F, Kelly MC, Hannenhalli S, Bosselut R. An Integrated Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Map of Mouse and Human αβ T Cell Development. Immunity 2020; 53:1182-1201.e8. [PMID: 33242395 PMCID: PMC8641659 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
αβ lineage T cells, most of which are CD4+ or CD8+ and recognize MHC I- or MHC II-presented antigens, are essential for immune responses and develop from CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. The absence of in vitro models and the heterogeneity of αβ thymocytes have hampered analyses of their intrathymic differentiation. Here, combining single-cell RNA and ATAC (chromatin accessibility) sequencing, we identified mouse and human αβ thymocyte developmental trajectories. We demonstrated asymmetric emergence of CD4+ and CD8+ lineages, matched differentiation programs of agonist-signaled cells to their MHC specificity, and identified correspondences between mouse and human transcriptomic and epigenomic patterns. Through computational analysis of single-cell data and binding sites for the CD4+-lineage transcription factor Thpok, we inferred transcriptional networks associated with CD4+- or CD8+-lineage differentiation, and with expression of Thpok or of the CD8+-lineage factor Runx3. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell differentiation and a foundation for mechanistic investigations of αβ T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison Ruchinskas
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Single Cell Analysis Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Rae
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Single Cell Analysis Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manon Lagarde
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yayi Gao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caiyi Li
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ferenc Livak
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Single Cell Analysis Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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20
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Rapid Enhancer Remodeling and Transcription Factor Repurposing Enable High Magnitude Gene Induction upon Acute Activation of NK Cells. Immunity 2020; 53:745-758.e4. [PMID: 33010223 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses rely on rapid and precise gene regulation mediated by accessibility of regulatory regions to transcription factors (TFs). In natural killer (NK) cells and other innate lymphoid cells, competent enhancers are primed during lineage acquisition, and formation of de novo enhancers characterizes the acquisition of innate memory in activated NK cells and macrophages. Here, we investigated how primed and de novo enhancers coordinate to facilitate high-magnitude gene induction during acute activation. Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses of regions near highly induced genes (HIGs) in NK cells both in vitro and in a model of Toxoplasma gondii infection revealed de novo chromatin accessibility and enhancer remodeling controlled by signal-regulated TFs STATs. Acute NK cell activation redeployed the lineage-determining TF T-bet to de novo enhancers, independent of DNA-sequence-specific motif recognition. Thus, acute stimulation reshapes enhancer function through the combinatorial usage and repurposing of both lineage-determining and signal-regulated TFs to ensure an effective response.
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21
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Radens CM, Blake D, Jewell P, Barash Y, Lynch KW. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic variation in T-cell populations reveals both variable and consistent signatures of gene expression and splicing. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:1320-1333. [PMID: 32554554 PMCID: PMC7491319 DOI: 10.1261/rna.075929.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human CD4+ T cells are often subdivided into distinct subtypes, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, that are thought to carry out distinct functions in the body. Typically, these T-cell subpopulations are defined by the expression of distinct gene repertoires; however, there is variability between studies regarding the methods used for isolation and the markers used to define each T-cell subtype. Therefore, how reliably studies can be compared to one another remains an open question. Moreover, previous analysis of gene expression in CD4+ T-cell subsets has largely focused on gene expression rather than alternative splicing. Here we take a meta-analysis approach, comparing eleven independent RNA-seq studies of human Th1, Th2, Th17, and/or Treg cells to determine the consistency in gene expression and splicing within each subtype across studies. We find that known master-regulators are consistently enriched in the appropriate subtype; however, cytokines and other genes often used as markers are more variable. Importantly, we also identify previously unknown transcriptomic markers that appear to consistently differentiate between subsets, including a few Treg-specific splicing patterns. Together this work highlights the heterogeneity in gene expression between samples designated as the same subtype, but also suggests additional markers that can be used to define functional groupings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Radens
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Davia Blake
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Paul Jewell
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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22
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Lewis BW, Choudhary I, Paudel K, Mao Y, Sharma R, Wang Y, Deshane JS, Boucher RC, Patial S, Saini Y. The Innate Lymphoid System Is a Critical Player in the Manifestation of Mucoinflammatory Airway Disease in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1695-1708. [PMID: 32817334 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid and adaptive immune cells are known to regulate epithelial responses, including mucous cell metaplasia (MCM), but their roles in mucoinflammatory airway diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, remain unknown. Scnn1b transgenic (Scnn1b-Tg+) mice, which recapitulate cystic fibrosis-like mucoinflammatory airway disease, deficient in innate lymphoid (Il2rg knockout mice [Il2rg KO]), adaptive immune (Rag1 knockout mice [Rag1 KO]), or both systems (Il2rg KO/Rag1 KO), were employed to investigate their respective contributions in the pathogenesis of mucoinflammatory airway disease. As previously reported, immunocompetent Tg+ juveniles exhibited spontaneous neonatal bacterial infections with robust mucoinflammatory features, including elevated expression of Th2-associated markers accompanied by MCM, elevated MUC5B expression, and airway mucus obstruction. The bacterial burden was increased in Il2rg KO/Tg+ juveniles but returned to significantly lower levels in Il2rg KO/Rag1 KO/Tg+ juveniles. Mechanistically, this improvement reflected reduced production of adaptive immunity-derived IL-10 and, in turn, increased activation of macrophages. Although all the mucoinflammatory features were comparable between the immunocompetent Tg+ and Rag1 KO/Tg+ juveniles, the Il2rg KO/Tg+ and Il2rg KO/Rag1 KO/Tg+ juveniles exhibited suppressed expression levels of Th2 markers, diminished MCM, suppressed MUC5B expression, and reduced mucus obstruction. Collectively, these data indicate that, in the context of airway mucus obstruction, the adaptive immune system suppresses antibacterial macrophage activation, whereas the innate lymphoid system contributes to MCM, mucin production, and mucus obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Ishita Choudhary
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Kshitiz Paudel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Yun Mao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Rahul Sharma
- National Hansen's Disease Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Sonika Patial
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;
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23
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Berrett H, Qian L, Roman O, Cordova A, Simmons A, Sun XH, Alberola-Ila J. Development of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Is Selectively Inhibited by Sustained E Protein Activity. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:593-605. [PMID: 31852728 PMCID: PMC6938226 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident lymphoid cells that reside mostly at barrier surfaces and participate in the initial response against pathogens. They are classified into different types based on effector programs that are based on cytokine production and transcription factor expression. They all derive from the common lymphoid precursor, but the molecular mechanisms regulating ILC subset development is not well understood. Experiments using Id2 knockout mice have previously shown that E protein activity inhibition is an absolute requirement for the development of all ILC subsets. In this study, we use a genetic approach to demonstrate that small increases in E protein activity during ILC development selectively inhibit type 2 ILC development. Type 1 ILCs are mostly unperturbed, and type 3 ILC show only a minor inhibition. This effect is first evident at the ILC2 progenitor stage and is ILC intrinsic. Therefore, our results demonstrate that modulation of E protein activity can bias cell fate decisions in developing ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Berrett
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Liangyue Qian
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Olga Roman
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Alanis Cordova
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Amie Simmons
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - José Alberola-Ila
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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24
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Hosseini SH, Sharafkandi N, Seyfizadeh N, Hemmatzadeh M, Marofi F, Shomali N, Karimi M, Mohammadi H. Progression or suppression: Two sides of the innate lymphoid cells in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2739-2755. [PMID: 31680296 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as key players in innate immunity have been shown to be significantly associated with inflammation, lymphoid neogenesis, tissue remodeling, mucosal immunity and lately have been considered a remarkable nominee for either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting functions. This dual role of ILCs, which is driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors like plasticity of ILCs and the tumor microenvironment, respectively, has aroused interest in ILCs subsets in past decade. So far, numerous studies in the cancer field have revealed ILCs to be key players in the initiation, progression and inhibition of tumors, therefore providing valuable insights into therapeutic approaches to utilize the immune system against cancer. Herein, the most recent achievements regarding ILCs subsets including new classifications, their transcription factors, markers, cytokine release and mechanisms that led to either progression or inhibition of many tumors have been evaluated. Additionally, the available data regarding ILCs in most prevalent cancers and new therapeutic approaches are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haleh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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25
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Abstract
In this review, Rothenburg discusses the gene regulatory network and chromatin-based kinetic constraints that determine activities of transcription factors in the primary establishment of T-cell identity. T-cell development in mammals is a model for lineage choice and differentiation from multipotent stem cells. Although T-cell fate choice is promoted by signaling in the thymus through one dominant pathway, the Notch pathway, it entails a complex set of gene regulatory network and chromatin state changes even before the cells begin to express their signature feature, the clonal-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) for antigen. This review distinguishes three developmental modules for T-cell development, which correspond to cell type specification, TCR expression and selection, and the assignment of cells to different effector types. The first is based on transcriptional regulatory network events, the second is dominated by somatic gene rearrangement and mutation and cell selection, and the third corresponds to establishing a poised state of latent regulator priming through an unknown mechanism. Interestingly, in different lineages, the third module can be deployed at variable times relative to the completion of the first two modules. This review focuses on the gene regulatory network and chromatin-based kinetic constraints that determine activities of transcription factors TCF1, GATA3, PU.1, Bcl11b, Runx1, and E proteins in the primary establishment of T-cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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26
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The emerging role of epigenetic therapeutics in immuno-oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 17:75-90. [PMID: 31548600 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen the emergence of immunotherapy as a prime approach to cancer treatment, revolutionizing the management of many types of cancer. Despite the promise of immunotherapy, most patients do not have a response or become resistant to treatment. Thus, identifying combinations that potentiate current immunotherapeutic approaches will be crucial. The combination of immune-checkpoint inhibition with epigenetic therapy is one such strategy that is being tested in clinical trials, encompassing a variety of cancer types. Studies have revealed key roles of epigenetic processes in regulating immune cell function and mediating antitumour immunity. These interactions make combined epigenetic therapy and immunotherapy an attractive approach to circumvent the limitations of immunotherapy alone. In this Review, we highlight the basic dynamic mechanisms underlying the synergy between immunotherapy and epigenetic therapies and detail current efforts to translate this knowledge into clinical benefit for patients.
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27
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Patel CH, Leone RD, Horton MR, Powell JD. Targeting metabolism to regulate immune responses in autoimmunity and cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:669-688. [PMID: 31363227 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic programming is emerging as a critical mechanism to alter immune cell activation, differentiation and function. Targeting metabolism does not completely suppress or activate the immune system but selectively regulates immune responses. The different metabolic requirements of the diverse cells that constitute an immune response provide a unique opportunity to separate effector functions from regulatory functions. Likewise, cells can be metabolically reprogrammed to promote either their short-term effector functions or long-term memory capacity. Studies in the growing field of immunometabolism support a paradigm of 'cellular selectivity based on demand', in which generic inhibitors of ubiquitous metabolic processes selectively affect cells with the greatest metabolic demand and have few effects on other cells of the body. Targeting metabolism, rather than particular cell types or cytokines, in metabolically demanding processes such as autoimmunity, graft rejection, cancer and uncontrolled inflammation could lead to successful strategies in controlling the pathogenesis of these complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag H Patel
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Leone
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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28
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Sleep Matters: CD4 + T Cell Memory Formation and the Central Nervous System. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:674-686. [PMID: 31262652 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of CD4+ T-cell memory formation in the immune system are debated. With the well-established concept of memory formation in the central nervous system (CNS), we propose that formation of CD4+ T-cell memory depends on the interaction of two different cell systems handling two types of stored information. First, information about antigen (event) and challenge (context) is taken up by antigen-presenting cells, as initial storage. Second, event and context information is transferred to CD4+ T cells. During activation, two categories of CD4+ T cell develop: effector CD4+ T cells, carrying event and context information, enabling them to efficiently focus their response to tissues under attack; and persisting CD4+ T cells, providing context-independent antigen-specific memories and long-term storage. This novel hypothesis is supported by the observation that mammalian sleep can improve both CNS and CD4+ T-cell memory.
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29
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging family of innate immune cells and have been found to have an important role in infection, inflammation and tissue repair. In particular, recent work has identified significant alterations of ILC responses in tumor patients, suggesting potential roles of ILCs in tumor development. In this paper, we have focused on the basic features of ILCs and their interaction with other immune cells. Importantly, as the role of cytotoxic natural killer cells, assigned to ILC1 family, in cancer has been well established, we have summarized the new findings that showcase the potential role and mechanism of helper ILCs in different tumors. Helper ILCs might promote or inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, which depends on tumor type and ILC subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfeng Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
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30
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Stabile H, Scarno G, Fionda C, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Gadina M, Sciumè G. JAK/STAT signaling in regulation of innate lymphoid cells: The gods before the guardians. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:148-159. [PMID: 30294965 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunity to pathogens is ensured through integration of early responses mediated by innate cells and late effector functions taking place after terminal differentiation of adaptive lymphocytes. In this context, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and adaptive T cells represent a clear example of how prototypical effector functions, including polarized expression of cytokines and/or cytotoxic activity, can occur with overlapping modalities but different timing. The ability of ILCs to provide early protection relies on their poised epigenetic state, which determines their propensity to quickly respond to cytokines and to activate specific patterns of signal-dependent transcription factors. Cytokines activating the Janus kinases (JAKs) and members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway are key regulators of lymphoid development and sustain the processes underlying T-cell activation and differentiation. The role of the JAK/STAT pathway has been recently extended to several aspects of ILC biology. Here, we discuss how JAK/STAT signals affect ILC development and effector functions in the context of immune responses, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of gene expression as well as the potential of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scarno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, Office of Science Technology (OST), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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31
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Onali S, Favale A, Fantini MC. The Resolution of Intestinal Inflammation: The Peace-Keeper's Perspective. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040344. [PMID: 30979024 PMCID: PMC6523641 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled activation of the immune system toward antigens contained in the gut lumen in genetically predisposed subjects is believed to be the leading cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Two not mutually exclusive hypotheses can explain the pathogenic process leading to IBD. The first and mostly explored hypothesis states that the loss of tolerance toward gut microbiota antigens generates an aberrant inflammatory response that is perpetuated by continuous and unavoidable exposure to the triggering antigens. However, the discovery that the resolution of inflammation is not the mere consequence of clearing inflammatory triggers and diluting pro-inflammatory factors, but rather an active process in which molecular and cellular elements are involved, implies that a defect in the pro-resolving mechanisms might cause chronic inflammation in different immune-mediated diseases, including IBD. Here we review data on pro-resolving and counter-regulatory mechanisms involved in the resolution of inflammation, aiming to identify their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Onali
- Dep. of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Agnese Favale
- Dep. of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Dep. of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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32
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Abstract
Innate lymphocytes play critical roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and integrity of the host at steady state and during pathogenic insults. The successive identification of new innate lymphocyte subsets has revealed an incredible diversity within the family. While this heterogeneous population can be grouped based on their cytotoxic potential into exclusively cytokine-producing helpers and cytolytic killers, the exact developmental relationships between the subsets are not fully understood. The former group is enriched at mucosal surfaces, whereas innate lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential can be identified in a wider array of tissues, including tumors. Although their cytotoxicity suggests an antitumor role, the nature of tumor-elicited innate lymphocyte responses has only begun to be investigated, and the identities of participating subsets still remain contentious. In this review, we provide a brief overview of innate lymphocyte biology, review the current knowledge on their ontogeny, and discuss their roles in tumor immunosurveillance. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 372-7. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chou
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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33
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Gurram RK, Zhu J. Orchestration between ILC2s and Th2 cells in shaping type 2 immune responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:225-235. [PMID: 30792500 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 2 immune response is critical for host defense against large parasites such as helminths. On the other hand, dysregulation of the type 2 immune response may cause immunopathological conditions, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and anaphylaxis. Thus, a balanced type 2 immune response must be achieved to mount effective protection against invading pathogens while avoiding immunopathology. The classical model of type 2 immunity mainly involves the differentiation of type 2 T helper (Th2) cells and the production of distinct type 2 cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were recently recognized as another important source of type 2 cytokines. Although eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils can also express type 2 cytokines and participate in type 2 immune responses to various degrees, the production of type 2 cytokines by the lymphoid lineages, Th2 cells, and ILC2s in particular is the central event during the type 2 immune response. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how ILC2s and Th2 cells orchestrate type 2 immune responses through direct and indirect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Gurram
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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34
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Keenan CR, Allan RS. Epigenomic drivers of immune dysfunction in aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12878. [PMID: 30488545 PMCID: PMC6351880 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging inevitably leads to reduced immune function, leaving the elderly more susceptible to infections, less able to respond to pathogen challenges, and less responsive to preventative vaccinations. No cell type is exempt from the ravages of age, and extensive studies have found age-related alterations in the frequencies and functions of both stem and progenitor cells, as well as effector cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The intrinsic functional reduction in immune competence is also associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, termed "inflamm-aging," which further perpetuates immune dysfunction. While many of these age-related cellular changes are well characterized, understanding the molecular changes that underpin the functional decline has proven more difficult. Changes in chromatin are increasingly appreciated as a causative mechanism of cellular and organismal aging across species. These changes include increased genomic instability through loss of heterochromatin and increased DNA damage, telomere attrition, and epigenetic alterations. In this review, we discuss the connections between chromatin, immunocompetence, and the loss of function associated with mammalian immune aging. Through understanding the molecular events which underpin the phenotypic changes observed in the aged immune system, it is hoped that the aged immune system can be restored to provide youthful immunity once more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R. Keenan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Rhys S. Allan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Biology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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35
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Sciumè G, Fionda C, Stabile H, Gismondi A, Santoni A. Negative regulation of innate lymphoid cell responses in inflammation and cancer. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:28-34. [PMID: 30711614 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune system employs an array of effector cells to ensure tissue homeostasis and protection against pathogens. Lymphocytes belonging to both the adaptive and innate branches share several functions, comprising the ability to directly kill stressed or transformed cells, and to provide helper responses through specific production of cytokines. These properties are regulated by distinct sets of soluble molecules, receptors, and intracellular factors, which altogether tune the functional output of effector lymphocytes and their final activation state. In contrast to adaptive T cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) do not require antigen receptors and are characterized for their ability to provide rapid immune responses. While the factors underlying functional diversification and the main principles leading to ILC activation have been dissected, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying termination of ILC effector functions is still in its infancy. Herein, we discuss the recent findings describing how ILC responses are turned off in the context of inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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36
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Human retinoic acid-regulated CD161 + regulatory T cells support wound repair in intestinal mucosa. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1403-1414. [PMID: 30397350 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Repair of tissue damaged during inflammatory processes is key to the return of local homeostasis and restoration of epithelial integrity. Here we describe CD161+ regulatory T (Treg) cells as a distinct, highly suppressive population of Treg cells that mediate wound healing. These Treg cells were enriched in intestinal lamina propria, particularly in Crohn's disease. CD161+ Treg cells had an all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-regulated gene signature, and CD161 expression on Treg cells was induced by ATRA, which directly regulated the CD161 gene. CD161 was co-stimulatory, and ligation with the T cell antigen receptor induced cytokines that accelerated the wound healing of intestinal epithelial cells. We identified a transcription-factor network, including BACH2, RORγt, FOSL2, AP-1 and RUNX1, that controlled expression of the wound-healing program, and found a CD161+ Treg cell signature in Crohn's disease mucosa associated with reduced inflammation. These findings identify CD161+ Treg cells as a population involved in controlling the balance between inflammation and epithelial barrier healing in the gut.
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Weyand CM, Shen Y, Goronzy JJ. Redox-sensitive signaling in inflammatory T cells and in autoimmune disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:36-43. [PMID: 29524605 PMCID: PMC6128787 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of oxygen metabolism best known for their damaging potential, but recent evidence has exposed their role as secondary messengers, which regulate cell function through redox-activatable signaling systems. In immune cells, specifically in T cells, redox-sensitive signaling pathways have been implicated in controlling several functional domains; including cell cycle progression, T effector cell differentiation, tissue invasion and inflammatory behavior. T cells from patients with the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have emerged as a valuable model system to examine the functional impact of ROS on T cell function. Notably, RA T cells are distinguished from healthy T cells based on reduced ROS production and undergo "reductive stress". Upstream defects leading to the ROSlow status of RA T cells are connected to metabolic reorganization. RA T cells shunt glucose away from pyruvate and ATP production towards the pentose phosphate pathway, where they generate NADPH and consume cellular ROS. Downstream consequences of the ROSlow conditions in RA T cells include insufficient activation of the DNA repair kinase ATM, bypassing of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint and biased differentiation of T cells into IFN-γ and IL-17-producing inflammatory cells. Also, ROSlow T cells rapidly invade into peripheral tissue due to dysregulated lipogenesis, excessive membrane ruffling, and overexpression of a motility module dominated by the scaffolding protein Tks5. These data place ROS into a pinnacle position in connecting cellular metabolism and protective versus auto-aggressive T cell immunity. Therapeutic interventions for targeted ROS enhancement instead of ROS depletion should be developed as a novel strategy to treat autoimmune tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA
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Müller L, Hainberger D, Stolz V, Ellmeier W. NCOR1-a new player on the field of T cell development. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1061-1068. [PMID: 30117609 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ri0418-168r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) is a transcriptional corepressor that links chromatin-modifying enzymes with gene-specific transcription factors. Although identified more than 20 years ago as a corepressor of nuclear receptors, the role of NCOR1 in T cells remained only poorly understood. However, recent studies indicate that the survival of developing thymocytes is regulated by NCOR1, revealing an essential role for NCOR1 in the T cell lineage. In this review, we will briefly summarize basic facts about NCOR1 structure and functions. We will further summarize studies demonstrating an essential role for NCOR1 in controlling positive and negative selection of thymocytes during T cell development. Finally, we will discuss similarities and differences between the phenotypes of mice with a T cell-specific deletion of NCOR1 or histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), because HDAC3 is the predominant member of the HDAC family that interacts with NCOR1 corepressor complexes. With this review we aim to introduce NCOR1 as a new player in the team of transcriptional coregulators that control T cell development and thus the generation of the peripheral T cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Müller
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Hainberger
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentina Stolz
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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39
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Hoefig KP, Heissmeyer V. Posttranscriptional regulation of T helper cell fate decisions. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2615-2631. [PMID: 29685903 PMCID: PMC6080923 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoefig and Heissmeyer review how microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, RNA-binding proteins, and ubiquitin-modifying enzymes regulate T helper cell differentiation downstream of transcription. T helper cell subsets orchestrate context- and pathogen-specific responses of the immune system. They mostly do so by secreting specific cytokines that attract or induce activation and differentiation of other immune or nonimmune cells. The differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, T follicular helper, Th17, and induced regulatory T cell subsets from naive T cells depends on the activation of intracellular signal transduction cascades. These cascades originate from T cell receptor and costimulatory receptor engagement and also receive critical input from cytokine receptors that sample the cytokine milieu within secondary lymphoid organs. Signal transduction then leads to the expression of subset-specifying transcription factors that, in concert with other transcription factors, up-regulate downstream signature genes. Although regulation of transcription is important, recent research has shown that posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation can critically shape or even determine the outcome of Th cell differentiation. In this review, we describe how specific microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, RNA-binding proteins, and ubiquitin-modifying enzymes regulate their targets to skew cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai P Hoefig
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany .,Institute for Immunology at the Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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40
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Lu M, Taylor BV, Körner H. Genomic Effects of the Vitamin D Receptor: Potentially the Link between Vitamin D, Immune Cells, and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:477. [PMID: 29593729 PMCID: PMC5857605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has a plethora of functions that are important for the maintenance of general health and in particular, the functional integrity of the immune system, such as promoting an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and reducing the Treg/Th17 ratio. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative central nervous system (CNS) disorder of probable autoimmune origin. MS is characterized by recurring or progressive demyelination and degeneration of the CNS due in part to a misguided immune response to as yet undefined (CNS) antigens, potentially including myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein. MS has also been shown to be associated significantly with environmental factors such as the lack of vitamin D. The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and progression of MS is complex. Recent genetic studies have shown that various common MS-associated risk-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are located within or in the vicinity of genes associated with the complex metabolism of vitamin D. The functional aspects of these genetic associations may be explained either by a direct SNP-associated loss- or gain-of-function in a vitamin D-associated gene or due to a change in the regulation of gene expression in certain immune cell types. The development of new genetic tools using next-generation sequencing: e.g., chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and the accompanying rapid progress of epigenomics has made it possible to recognize that the association between vitamin D and MS could be based on the extensive and characteristic genomic binding of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Therefore, it is important to analyze comprehensively the spatiotemporal VDR binding patterns that have been identified using ChIP-seq in multiple immune cell types to reveal an integral profile of genomic VDR interaction. In summary, the aim of this review is to connect genomic effects vitamin D has on immune cells with MS and thus, to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of vitamin D on the etiology and the pathogenesis of this complex autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V. Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immunodrugs in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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41
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Trinchieri G. Natural Killer Cells Detect a Tumor-Produced Growth Factor: A Vestige of Antiviral Resistance? Trends Immunol 2018; 39:357-358. [PMID: 29478770 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In addition to exogenous ligands derived from pathogens, natural killer (NK) and other innate cells can recognize endogenous ligands that often act as markers of stress or damage. A recent study reports that one of these receptors, human NKp44, recognizes PDGF-DD, providing a rare example of the recognition of a soluble growth factor as a stress signal. The recognition of PDGF-DD induces the secretion of cytokines with antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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42
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Trabanelli S, Gomez-Cadena A, Salomé B, Michaud K, Mavilio D, Landis BN, Jandus P, Jandus C. Human innate lymphoid cells (ILCs): Toward a uniform immune-phenotyping. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:392-399. [PMID: 29244250 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), the most recently identified population of the ILC family, play a fundamental role in the restoration of tissue integrity, in the protection against infiltrating pathogens as well as in tumor immune-surveillance. ILCs have been divided into three main subsets, ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3, that can be specifically activated by different signals coming either indirectly from pathogens or from other cell populations, including cancer cells. Following activation, ILCs are in turn able to promptly secrete a wide range of soluble mediators that modulate effector cell functions. The discovery and the study of these immune cells is now offering important opportunities for innovative therapies of allergic airway diseases, inflammatory disorders and might be crucial for the discovery of new targets for the therapy of cancer. It is therefore fundamental that the scientific community establishes harmonized guidelines to obtain a consensus in the identification and phenotypical and functional characterization of ILCs. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bérengère Salomé
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Michaud
- University Center of Legal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano-Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Basile Nicolas Landis
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Jandus
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialities, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Pace L, Goudot C, Zueva E, Gueguen P, Burgdorf N, Waterfall JJ, Quivy JP, Almouzni G, Amigorena S. The epigenetic control of stemness in CD8+T cell fate commitment. Science 2018; 359:177-186. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After priming, naïve CD8+T lymphocytes establish specific heritable transcription programs that define progression to long-lasting memory cells or to short-lived effector cells. Although lineage specification is critical for protection, it remains unclear how chromatin dynamics contributes to the control of gene expression programs. We explored the role of gene silencing by the histone methyltransferase Suv39h1. In murine CD8+T cells activated afterListeria monocytogenesinfection, Suv39h1-dependent trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 controls the expression of a set of stem cell–related memory genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a defect in silencing of stem/memory genes selectively inSuv39h1-defective T cell effectors. As a result,Suv39h1-defective CD8+T cells show sustained survival and increased long-term memory reprogramming capacity. Thus, Suv39h1 plays a critical role in marking chromatin to silence stem/memory genes during CD8+T effector terminal differentiation.
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44
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Zhu J. GATA3 Regulates the Development and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cell Subsets at Multiple Stages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1571. [PMID: 29184556 PMCID: PMC5694433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are regarded as the innate counterpart of effector CD4 T helper (Th) cells. Just as Th cells, ILCs are classified into distinct subsets based on their functions that are delivered mainly through effector cytokine production. Both ILCs and Th cells play critical roles in various protective immune responses and inflammatory diseases. Similar to Th cell differentiation, the development of ILC subsets depends on several master transcription factors, among which GATA3 is critical for the development and maintenance of type 2 ILCs (ILC2s). However, GATA3 is expressed by all ILC subsets and ILC progenitors, albeit at different levels. In a striking parallel with GATA3 function in T cell development and differentiation, GATA3 also has multiple functions in different ILCs at various stages. In this review, I will discuss how quantitative and dynamic expression of GATA3 regulates the development and functions of ILC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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45
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Sciumè G, Shih HY, Mikami Y, O'Shea JJ. Epigenomic Views of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1579. [PMID: 29250060 PMCID: PMC5715337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) with selective production of cytokines typically attributed to subsets of T helper cells forces immunologists to reassess the mechanisms by which selective effector functions arise. The parallelism between ILCs and T cells extends beyond these two cell types and comprises other innate-like T lymphocytes. Beyond the recognition of specialized effector functionalities in diverse lymphocytes, features typical of T cells, such as plasticity and memory, are also relevant for innate lymphocytes. Herein, we review what we have learned in terms of the molecular mechanisms underlying these shared functions, focusing on insights provided by next generation sequencing technologies. We review data on the role of lineage-defining- and signal-dependent transcription factors (TFs). ILC regulomes emerge developmentally whereas the much of the open chromatin regions of T cells are generated acutely, in an activation-dependent manner. And yet, these regions of open chromatin in T cells and ILCs have remarkable overlaps, suggesting that though accessibility is acquired by distinct modes, the end result is that convergent signaling pathways may be involved. Although much is left to be learned, substantial progress has been made in understanding how TFs and epigenomic status contribute to ILC biology in terms of differentiation, specification, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- Lymphocyte and Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Lymphocyte and Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John J O'Shea
- Lymphocyte and Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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46
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47
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Villarino AV, Sciumè G, Davis FP, Iwata S, Zitti B, Robinson GW, Hennighausen L, Kanno Y, O'Shea JJ. Subset- and tissue-defined STAT5 thresholds control homeostasis and function of innate lymphoid cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2999-3014. [PMID: 28916644 PMCID: PMC5626390 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) patrol environmental interfaces to defend against infection and protect barrier integrity. Using a genetic tuning model, we demonstrate that the signal-dependent transcription factor (TF) STAT5 is critical for accumulation of all known ILC subsets in mice and reveal a hierarchy of STAT5 dependency for populating lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. We apply transcriptome and genomic distribution analyses to define a STAT5 gene signature in natural killer (NK) cells, the prototypical ILC subset, and provide a systems-based molecular rationale for its key functions downstream of IL-15. We also uncover surprising features of STAT5 behavior, most notably the wholesale redistribution that occurs when NK cells shift from tonic signaling to acute cytokine-driven signaling, and genome-wide coordination with T-bet, another key TF in ILC biology. Collectively, our data position STAT5 as a central node in the TF network that instructs ILC development, homeostasis, and function and provide mechanistic insights on how it works at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro V Villarino
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fred P Davis
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shigeru Iwata
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Beatrice Zitti
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gertraud W Robinson
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yuka Kanno
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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48
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Ma JH, Song SH, Guo M, Zhou J, Liu F, Peng L, Fu ZR. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 lowers influenza virus resistance via down-regulating pulmonary macrophage Kdm6a and mediates histones modification in IL-6 and IFN-β promoter regions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1122-1128. [PMID: 28887033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulates, especially PM2.5, not only damage the respiratory system, but also play important roles in pulmonary immunity. China is influenced by atmospheric diffusion conditions, industrial manufacturers, and heating and discharging. PM2.5 levels in the air rise substantially in the winter, which is also a period of flu high-incidence. Although an epidemiological link exists between PM2.5 and flu, we do not understand how long-term PM2.5 inhalation affects pulmonary immunity and the influenza virus response. Our study has prepared an in vivo PM2.5 mouse pharyngeal wall drop-in model and has found that PM2.5 exposure leads to mouse inflammatory injuries and furthers influenza A infection. Our results suggest that short-term exposure to PM2.5 significantly enhances the survival rate of influenza A-contaminated mice, while long-term PM2.5 inhalation lowers the capacity of pulmonary macrophages to secrete IL-6 and IFN-β. A disorder in the pulmonary innate defense system results in increased death rates following influenza infection. On a macromolecular level, this mechamism involves Kdm6a down-regulation after long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and a resultant increase in H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in IL-6 and IFN-β promoter regions. In summary, PM2.5 causes injuries of lung tissue cells and downregulates immune defense mechanisms in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Song
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Guo
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Ren Fu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Vacchio MS, Bosselut R. What Happens in the Thymus Does Not Stay in the Thymus: How T Cells Recycle the CD4+-CD8+ Lineage Commitment Transcriptional Circuitry To Control Their Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 196:4848-56. [PMID: 27260768 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MHC-restricted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are at the core of most adaptive immune responses. Although these cells carry distinct functions, they arise from a common precursor during thymic differentiation, in a developmental sequence that matches CD4 and CD8 expression and functional potential with MHC restriction. Although the transcriptional control of CD4(+)-CD8(+) lineage choice in the thymus is now better understood, less was known about what maintains the CD4(+) and CD8(+) lineage integrity of mature T cells. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that establish in the thymus, and maintain in postthymic cells, the separation of these lineages. We focus on recent studies that address the mechanisms of epigenetic control of Cd4 expression and emphasize how maintaining a transcriptional circuitry nucleated around Thpok and Runx proteins, the key architects of CD4(+)-CD8(+) lineage commitment in the thymus, is critical for CD4(+) T cell helper functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Vacchio
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract
Natural killer cells are important effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system, playing critical roles in antitumor and anti-infection host defense. Tumor progression or chronic infections, however, usually leads to exhaustion of NK cells, thus limiting the antitumor/infection potential of NK cells. In many tumors or chronic infections, multiple mechanisms might contribute to the exhaustion of NK cells, such as dysregulated NK cell receptors signaling, as well as suppressive effects by regulatory cells or soluble factors within the microenvironment. Better understanding of the characteristics, as well as the underlying mechanisms of NK cell exhaustion, not only should increase our understanding of the basic biology of NK cells but also could reveal novel NK cell-based antitumor/infection targets. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on NK cell exhaustion in tumors, and in chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Bi
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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