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Sugiyama T. Biochemical reconstitution of a major age-related cancer mutational signature by heat-induced spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine residues, repair of uracil residues, and DNA replication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595323. [PMID: 38826364 PMCID: PMC11142167 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine, producing thymine, is the proposed etiology of cancer mutational signature 1, which is the most predominant signature in all cancers. Here, the proposed mutational process was reconstituted using synthetic DNA and purified proteins. First, single-stranded DNA containing 5-methylcytosine at CpG context was incubated at an elevated temperature to accelerate spontaneous DNA damage. Then, the DNA was treated with uracil DNA glycosylase to remove uracil residues that were formed by deamination of cytosine. The resulting DNA was then used as a template for DNA synthesis by yeast DNA polymerase δ. The DNA products were analyzed by next-generation DNA sequencing, and mutation frequencies were quantified. The observed mutations after this process were exclusively C>T mutations at CpG context, which was very similar to signature 1. When 5-methylcytosine modification and uracil DNA glycosylase were both omitted, C>T mutations were produced on C residues in all sequence contexts, but these mutations were diminished by uracil DNA glycosylase-treatment. These results indicate that the CpG>TpG mutations were produced by the deamination of 5-methylcytosine. Additional mutations, mainly C>G, were introduced by yeast DNA polymerase ζ on the heat-damaged DNA, indicating that G residues of the templates were also damaged. However, the damage on G residues was not converted to mutations with DNA polymerase δ or ε. These results provide biochemical evidence to support that the majority of mutations in cancers are produced by ordinary DNA replication on spontaneously damaged DNA.
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2
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Zheng J, Lu Y, Lin Y, Si S, Guo B, Zhao X, Cui L. Epitranscriptomic modifications in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation: advances, mechanistic insights, and beyond. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:9-27. [PMID: 37985811 PMCID: PMC10782030 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications, known as the "epitranscriptome", represent a key layer of regulation that influences a wide array of biological processes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These modifications, catalyzed by specific enzymes, often termed "writers", "readers", and "erasers", can dynamically alter the MSCs' transcriptomic landscape, thereby modulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and responses to environmental cues. These enzymes include members of the classes METTL, IGF2BP, WTAP, YTHD, FTO, NAT, and others. Many of these RNA-modifying agents are active during MSC lineage differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of different RNA modifications in MSCs, their roles in regulating stem cell behavior, and their implications in MSC-based therapies. It delves into how RNA modifications impact MSC biology, the functional significance of individual modifications, and the complex interplay among these modifications. We further discuss how these intricate regulatory mechanisms contribute to the functional diversity of MSCs, and how they might be harnessed for therapeutic applications. The review also highlights current challenges and potential future directions in the study of RNA modifications in MSCs, emphasizing the need for innovative tools to precisely map these modifications and decipher their context-specific effects. Collectively, this work paves the way for a deeper understanding of the role of the epitranscriptome in MSC biology, potentially advancing therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine and MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Si
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
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3
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Tigu AB, Bancos A. The Role of Epigenetic Modifier Mutations in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8974-8988. [PMID: 37998740 PMCID: PMC10670124 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a group of diseases with a low incidence, high degree of heterogeneity, and a dismal prognosis in most cases. Because of the low incidence of these diseases, there have been few therapeutic novelties developed over time. Nevertheless, this fact is changing presently as epigenetic modifiers have been shown to be recurrently mutated in some types of PTCLs, especially in the cases of PTCLs not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), T follicular helper (TFH), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). These have brought about more insight into PTCL biology, especially in the case of PTCLs arising from TFH lymphocytes. From a biological perspective, it has been observed that ten-eleven translocators (TET2) mutated T lymphocytes tend to polarize to TFH, while Tregs lose their inhibitory properties. IDH2 R172 was shown to have inhibitory effects on TET2, mimicking the effects of TET2 mutations, as well as having effects on histone methylation. DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) loss-of-function, although it was shown to have opposite effects to TET2 from an inflammatory perspective, was also shown to increase the number of T lymphocyte progenitors. Aside from bringing about more knowledge of PTCL biology, these mutations were shown to increase the sensitivity of PTCLs to certain epigenetic therapies, like hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Thus, to answer the question from the title of this review: We found the Achilles heel, but only for one of the Achilles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anamaria Bancos
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lu DQ, Yao XY, Ren YT, Zhang KY, Zhu XC, Hong T, Yu X, Xie ZM, Chen LY, Wang XC. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing reveals epigenetic features and potential biomarkers of Sjögren syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:2223-2232. [PMID: 37740638 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a slowly progressive, inflammatory, autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to construct the DNA methylation profiles of whole blood of SS patients and healthy controls (HC), and to explore the role of differentially methylated genes in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was performed on three SS patients and four HC. The biological function of genes associated with differentially methylated regions (DMRs) was investigated using Gene Ontology functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, using network-based key driver analysis (KDA) to find KDA genes. In clinical samples of SS patients and controls, the expression levels of KDA genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, the diagnostic value of KDA genes for SS was confirmed using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS We identified 322 DMRs, annotated as 162 associated genes. Six genes were selected via the number of networks of KDA genes. Differential expression of genes such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, ADAR, and OAS2 was observed in patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the minor salivary glands, which can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for SS. CONCLUSION Clinical sample validation suggested that HLA class I, ADAR, and OAS2 might play a role in the development of SS. Our study shows epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and potential disease markers associated with SS, which in turn will enable us to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Qi Lu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yuan Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Chao Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Hong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Min Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ying Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Chang Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Gryzinska M, Kot B, Dudzinska E, Biernasiuk A, Jakubczak A, Malm A, Andraszek K. Changes in the Level of DNA Methylation in Candida albicans under the Influence of Physical and Chemical Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15873. [PMID: 37958861 PMCID: PMC10647513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of physical factors such as radiation (electromagnetic, microwave, infrared, laser, UVC, and X-ray) and high temperature, as well as chemical factors (controlled atmosphere) on the level of global DNA cytosine methylation in C. albicans ATCC 10231 cells were investigated. Prolonged exposure to each type of radiation significantly increased the DNA methylation level. In addition, the global methylation level in C. albicans cells increased with the incubation temperature. An increase in the percentage of methylated DNA was also noted in C. albicans cells cultured in an atmosphere with reduced O2. In contrast, in an atmosphere containing more than 3% CO2 and in anaerobic conditions, the DNA methylation level decreased relative to the control. This study showed that prolonged exposure to various types of radiation and high temperature as well as reduced O2 in the atmosphere caused a significant increase in the global DNA methylation level. This is most likely a response protecting DNA against damage, which at the same time can lead to epigenetic disorders, and in consequence can adversely affect the functioning of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gryzinska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Kot
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Ewa Dudzinska
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Education, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrzej Jakubczak
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Malm
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Andraszek
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Siedlce, 08–110 Siedlce, Poland;
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Wang Z, Qin H, Liu S, Sheng J, Zhang X. Precision diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1155-1165. [PMID: 36939276 PMCID: PMC10278703 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Early diagnosis of HCC remains the key to improve the prognosis. In recent years, with the promotion of the concept of precision medicine and more in-depth analysis of the biological mechanism underlying HCC, new diagnostic methods, including emerging serum markers, liquid biopsies, molecular diagnosis, and advances in imaging (novel contrast agents and radiomics), have emerged one after another. Herein, we reviewed and analyzed scientific advances in the early diagnosis of HCC and discussed their application and shortcomings. This review aimed to provide a reference for scientific research and clinical practice of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Shui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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Rajagopalan KS, Kazeminia S, Glasstetter LM, Farahani RA, Zhu XY, Tang H, Jordan KL, Chade AR, Lerman A, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Metabolic Syndrome Induces Epigenetic Alterations in Mitochondria-Related Genes in Swine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1274. [PMID: 37174674 PMCID: PMC10177475 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated important therapeutic effects in several diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors may impair MSC mitochondrial structure and function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome (MetS) induces epigenetic alterations in mitochondria-related genes in swine MSCs. Pigs were fed a Lean or MetS diet (n = 6 each) for 16 weeks. MSCs were collected from subcutaneous abdominal fat, and DNA hydroxymethylation (5 hmC) profiles of mitochondria-related genes (MitoCarta-2.0) were analyzed by hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (hMeDIP-seq) in Lean- and MetS-MSCs untreated or treated with the epigenetic modulator vitamin (Vit)-C (n = 3 each). Functional analysis of genes with differential 5 hmC regions was performed using DAVID6.8. Mitochondrial structure (electron microscopy), oxidative stress, and membrane potential were assessed. hMeDIP-seq identified 172 peaks (associated with 103 mitochondrial genes) with higher and 416 peaks (associated with 165 mitochondrial genes) with lower 5 hmC levels in MetS-MSCs versus Lean-MSCs (≥2-fold, p < 0.05). Genes with higher 5 hmC levels in MetS + MSCs were primarily implicated in fatty acid metabolism, whereas those with lower 5 hmC levels were associated with electron transport chain activity. Vit-C increased 5 hmC levels in mitochondrial antioxidant genes, improved mitochondrial structure and membrane potential, and decreased oxidative stress. MetS alters 5 hmC levels of mitochondria-related genes in swine MSCs. Vit-C modulated 5 hmC levels in these genes and preserved mitochondrial structure and function in MetS-MSCs. These observations may contribute to development of strategies to overcome the deleterious effects of MetS on MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Kazeminia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Rahele A. Farahani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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8
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la Torre A, Lo Vecchio F, Greco A. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081163. [PMID: 37190071 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable outcome of life, characterized by a progressive decline in tissue and organ function. At a molecular level, it is marked by the gradual alterations of biomolecules. Indeed, important changes are observed on the DNA, as well as at a protein level, that are influenced by both genetic and environmental parameters. These molecular changes directly contribute to the development or progression of several human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders and others aging-related diseases. Additionally, they increase the risk of mortality. Therefore, deciphering the hallmarks of aging represents a possibility for identifying potential druggable targets to attenuate the aging process, and then the age-related comorbidities. Given the link between aging, genetic, and epigenetic alterations, and given the reversible nature of epigenetic mechanisms, the precisely understanding of these factors may provide a potential therapeutic approach for age-related decline and disease. In this review, we center on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and their aging-associated changes, highlighting their inferences in age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria la Torre
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Filomena Lo Vecchio
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Hu L, Liu J, Wang L, Wang T, Zhang H, Cong L, Wang Q. Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:138. [PMID: 36964157 PMCID: PMC10039055 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AAS), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), and eczema are systemic diseases caused by an impaired immune system. Accompanied by high recurrence rates, the steadily rising incidence rates of these diseases are attracting increasing attention. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves many factors, including maternal-fetal environment, living environment, genetics, epigenetics, and the body's immune status. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases exhibits a marked heterogeneity, with phenotype and endotype defining visible features and associated molecular mechanisms, respectively. With the rapid development of immunology, molecular biology, and biotechnology, many new biological drugs have been designed for the treatment of allergic diseases, including anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE), anti-interleukin (IL)-5, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)/IL-4, to control symptoms. For doctors and scientists, it is becoming more and more important to understand the influencing factors, pathogenesis, and treatment progress of allergic diseases. This review aimed to assess the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions of allergic diseases, including AR, AAS, AD, and FA. We hope to help doctors and scientists understand allergic diseases systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linhan Hu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Juntong Liu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000210, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linpeng Cong
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
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10
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Davis O. Abnormal Chromatin Folding in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Meta-synthesis with Systematic Searching. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:768-779. [PMID: 36367658 PMCID: PMC9849311 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
How DNA is folded and packaged in nucleosomes is an essential regulator of gene expression. Abnormal patterns of chromatin folding are implicated in a wide range of diseases and disorders, including epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These disorders are thought to have a shared pathogenesis involving an imbalance in the number of excitatory-inhibitory neurons formed during neurodevelopment; however, the underlying pathological mechanism behind this imbalance is poorly understood. Studies are increasingly implicating abnormal chromatin folding in neural stem cells as one of the candidate pathological mechanisms, but no review has yet attempted to summarise the knowledge in this field. This meta-synthesis is a systematic search of all the articles on epilepsy, ASD, and chromatin folding. Its two main objectives were to determine to what extent abnormal chromatin folding is implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and ASD, and secondly how abnormal chromatin folding leads to pathological disease processes. This search produced 22 relevant articles, which together strongly implicate abnormal chromatin folding in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and ASD. A range of mutations and chromosomal structural abnormalities lead to this effect, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variants, translocations and mutations in chromatin modifying. However, knowledge is much more limited into how abnormal chromatin organisation subsequently causes pathological disease processes, not yet showing, for example, whether it leads to abnormal excitation-inhibitory neuron imbalance in human brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Davis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
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11
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Li J, Xu J, Yang T, Chen J, Li F, Shen B, Fan C. Genome-wide methylation analyses of human sperm unravel novel differentially methylated regions in asthenozoospermia. Epigenomics 2022; 14:951-964. [PMID: 36004499 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims & objectives: To investigate DNA methylation patterns in asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic sperm and to explore the potential roles of differential methylations in the etiology of the disease. Materials & methods: The authors performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis between normozoospermic controls and asthenozoospermic individuals. Results: The authors identified 238 significant differentially methylated regions. These differentially methylated regions were annotated to 114 protein-coding genes, with many genes showing associations with spermatogenesis, sperm motility etc. Conclusion: There are plenty of genomic regions exhibiting altered DNA methylation in asthenozoospermia, a number of which are located within or adjacent to sperm-related genes, suggesting novel methylation markers of asthenozoospermia and potential epigenetic regulation mechanisms through DNA methylation in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610212, China
| | - Jinyan Xu
- Human Sperm Bank, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects & Related Diseases of Women & Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Human Sperm Bank, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects & Related Diseases of Women & Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610212, China
| | - Fuping Li
- Human Sperm Bank, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects & Related Diseases of Women & Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610212, China
| | - Chuanzhu Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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12
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Besaratinia A, Caceres A, Tommasi S. DNA Hydroxymethylation in Smoking-Associated Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2657. [PMID: 35269796 PMCID: PMC8910185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) was first detected in mammalian DNA five decades ago. However, it did not take center stage in the field of epigenetics until 2009, when ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) was found to oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hmC, thus offering a long-awaited mechanism for active DNA demethylation. Since then, a remarkable body of research has implicated DNA hydroxymethylation in pluripotency, differentiation, neural system development, aging, and pathogenesis of numerous diseases, especially cancer. Here, we focus on DNA hydroxymethylation in smoking-associated carcinogenesis to highlight the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic potentials of this epigenetic mark. We describe the significance of 5-hmC in DNA demethylation, the importance of substrates and cofactors in TET-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation, the regulation of TETs and related genes (isocitrate dehydrogenases, fumarate hydratase, and succinate dehydrogenase), the cell-type dependency and genomic distribution of 5-hmC, and the functional role of 5-hmC in the epigenetic regulation of transcription. We showcase examples of studies on three major smoking-associated cancers, including lung, bladder, and colorectal cancers, to summarize the current state of knowledge, outstanding questions, and future direction in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (A.C.); (S.T.)
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13
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Air Pollution and Perinatal Health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Challenges, Limitations, and the Potential of Epigenetics. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:1-10. [PMID: 35080743 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Even though the burden of disease attributable to air pollution is high in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), the number of studies linking environmental exposures to negative health outcomes remains scarce and limited in scope. This review aims to assess the literature on exposure to air pollutants and perinatal health in the EMR and to explain the potential of epigenetics in exploring the processes behind adverse birth outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS In the last three decades, hundreds of studies and publications tackled the health effects of air pollution on birth outcomes and early life development, but only a small number of these studies was conducted in the EMR. The existing literature is concentrated in specific geographic locations and is focused on a limited number of exposures and outcomes. Main limitations include inconsistent and poorly funded air quality monitoring, inappropriate study designs, imprecise and/or unreliable assessments of exposures, and outcomes. Even though the studies establish associations between air pollutants and adverse birth outcomes, the mechanisms through which these processes take place are yet to be fully understood. A likely candidate to explain these processes is epigenetics; however, epigenetics research on the impact of air pollution in EMR is still in its infancy. This review highlights the need for future research examining perinatal health and air pollutants, especially the epigenetic processes that underlie the adverse birth outcomes, to better understand them and to develop effective recommendations and intervention strategies.
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14
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Xu L, Zhou Y, Chen L, Bissessur AS, Chen J, Mao M, Ju S, Chen L, Chen C, Li Z, Zhang X, Chen F, Cao F, Wang L, Wang Q. Deoxyribonucleic Acid 5-Hydroxymethylation in Cell-Free Deoxyribonucleic Acid, a Novel Cancer Biomarker in the Era of Precision Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:744990. [PMID: 34957093 PMCID: PMC8703110 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.744990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation has been regarded as a hallmark of cancer. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is recently identified as the ten-eleven translocase (ten-eleven translocase)-mediated oxidized form of 5-methylcytosine, which plays a substantial role in DNA demethylation. Cell-free DNA has been introduced as a promising tool in the liquid biopsy of cancer. There are increasing evidence indicating that 5hmC in cell-free DNA play an active role during carcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether 5hmC could surpass classical markers in cancer detection, treatment, and prognosis. Here, we systematically reviewed the recent advances in the clinic and basic research of DNA 5-hydroxymethylation in cancer, especially in cell-free DNA. We further discuss the mechanisms underlying aberrant 5hmC patterns and carcinogenesis. Synergistically, 5-hydroxymethylation may act as a promising biomarker, unleashing great potential in early cancer detection, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Luqiao, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Luqiao, China
| | - Abdul Saad Bissessur
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jida Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Misha Mao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Ju
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lini Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqin Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feilin Cao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Luqiao, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Role of Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis, Treatment, Prediction, and Cellular Transformation of Asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9412929. [PMID: 34566492 PMCID: PMC8457970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9412929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a mysterious disease with heterogeneity in etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical phenotypes. Although ongoing studies have provided a better understanding of asthma, its natural history, progression, pathogenesis, diversified phenotypes, and even the exact epigenetic linkage between childhood asthma and adult-onset/old age asthma remain elusive in many aspects. Asthma heritability has been established through genetic studies, but genetics is not the only influencing factor in asthma. The increasing incidence and some unsolved queries suggest that there may be other elements related to asthma heredity. Epigenetic mechanisms link genetic and environmental factors with developmental trajectories in asthma. This review provides an overview of asthma epigenetics and its components, including several epigenetic studies on asthma, and discusses the epigenetic linkage between childhood asthma and adult-onset/old age asthma. Studies involving asthma epigenetics present valuable novel approaches to solve issues related to asthma. Asthma epigenetic research guides us towards gene therapy and personalized T cell therapy, directs the discovery of new therapeutic agents, predicts long-term outcomes in severe cases, and is also involved in the cellular transformation of childhood asthma to adult-onset/old age asthma.
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16
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Qin W, Scicluna BP, van der Poll T. The Role of Host Cell DNA Methylation in the Immune Response to Bacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696280. [PMID: 34394088 PMCID: PMC8358789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cells undergo complex transcriptional reprogramming upon infection. Epigenetic changes play a key role in the immune response to bacteria, among which DNA modifications that include methylation have received much attention in recent years. The extent of DNA methylation is well known to regulate gene expression. Whilst historically DNA methylation was considered to be a stable epigenetic modification, accumulating evidence indicates that DNA methylation patterns can be altered rapidly upon exposure of cells to changing environments and pathogens. Furthermore, the action of proteins regulating DNA methylation, particularly DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases, may be modulated, at least in part, by bacteria. This review discusses the principles of DNA methylation, and recent insights about the regulation of host DNA methylation during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Gao Y, Fang J. RNA 5-methylcytosine modification and its emerging role as an epitranscriptomic mark. RNA Biol 2021; 18:117-127. [PMID: 34288807 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1950993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is identified as an abundant and conserved modification in various RNAs, including tRNAs, mRNAs, rRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs. The application of high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry allowed for the detection of m5C at a single-nucleotide resolution and at a global abundance separately; this contributes to a better understanding of m5C modification and its biological functions. m5C modification plays critical roles in diverse aspects of RNA processing, including tRNA stability, rRNA assembly, and mRNA translation. Notably, altered m5C modifications and mutated RNA m5C methyltransferases are associated with diverse pathological processes, such as nervous system disorders and cancers. This review may provide new sights of molecular mechanism and functional importance of m5C modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Huo X, Jin S, Wang Y, Ma L. DNA methylation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1145-1155. [PMID: 34142873 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a complex disease with polygenetic tendency, is one of the most important health problems in the world. Recently, in the study of the pathogenesis of the COPD, epigenetic changes caused by environmental factors, such as DNA methylation, started to attract more attention than genetic factors. In this review, we discuss the main features of DNA methylation, such as DNA methyltransferases and the methylation sites that modulate the DNA methylation level, and their roles in COPD progression. Finally, to promote new ideas for the prevention and treatment of COPD, we focus on the potential of DNA methylation as a COPD therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinXin Huo
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - SiHui Jin
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - YiGe Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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19
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Skibba M, Drelich A, Poellmann M, Hong S, Brasier AR. Nanoapproaches to Modifying Epigenetics of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition for Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:607689. [PMID: 33384604 PMCID: PMC7770469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronically progressive interstitial lung that affects over 3 M people worldwide and rising in incidence. With a median survival of 2-3 years, IPF is consequently associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Although two antifibrotic therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are approved for human use, these agents reduce the rate of decline of pulmonary function but are not curative and do not reverse established fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the prevailing epithelial injury hypothesis, wherein pathogenic airway epithelial cell-state changes known as Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) promotes the expansion of myofibroblast populations. Myofibroblasts are principal components of extracellular matrix production that result in airspace loss and mortality. We review the epigenetic transition driving EMT, a process produced by changes in histone acetylation regulating mesenchymal gene expression programs. This mechanistic work has focused on the central role of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in mediating EMT and myofibroblast transition and initial preclinical work has provided evidence of efficacy. As nanomedicine presents a promising approach to enhancing the efficacy of such anti-IPF agents, we then focus on the state of nanomedicine formulations for inhalable delivery in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), inorganic NPs, and exosomes. These nanoscale agents potentially provide unique properties to existing pulmonary therapeutics, including controlled release, reduced systemic toxicity, and combination delivery. NP-based approaches for pulmonary delivery thus offer substantial promise to modify epigenetic regulators of EMT and advance treatments for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Skibba
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
| | - Adam Drelich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Poellmann
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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20
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Sun Y, Huang J, Zhao Y, Xue L, Li H, Liu Q, Cao H, Peng W, Guo C, Xie Y, Liu X, Li B, Liu K, Wu S, Zhang L. Inflammatory cytokines and DNA methylation in healthy young adults exposure to fine particulate matter: A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of air filtration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122817. [PMID: 32516725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benefits of indoor air filtration in heavily polluted areas are not fully understood. This study aims to examine whether short-term air filtration intervention could attenuate the hazards from acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and investigate the potential impact on inflammatory cytokines and DNA methylation. A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of true or sham indoor air filtration was conducted among 29 healthy young adults in Beijing, China. Each episode covered a typical air pollution wave, and 38 cytokines and DNAm of 20 genes were measured at 3 time points: pre-smog, during smog, and post-smog. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the associations. The indoor PM2.5 concentration with true filtration was 67.8 % lower than sham filtration (13.8 μg/m3vs. 42.8 μg/m3). Air filtration was significantly associated with the decreases in 9 cytokines, from 6.61 % to 21.24 %. PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with elevated levels of 9 cytokines and changed methylation at 7 CpG sites. Notably, PM2.5 was significantly associated with GM-CSF, sCD40L, MCP-1, and FGF-2, as well as methylation in corresponding genes, but no mediation effect was observed. This trial suggested that indoor air filtration might attenuate the adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure through changing cytokines and DNAm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Han Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Chunyue Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Bingxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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21
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Li H, Ryu MH, Rider CF, Tse W, Clifford RL, Aristizabal MJ, Wen W, Carlsten C. Predominant DNMT and TET mediate effects of allergen on the human bronchial epithelium in a controlled air pollution exposure study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1671-1682. [PMID: 33069714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data show that traffic-related air pollution contributes to the increasing prevalence and severity of asthma. DNA methylation (DNAm) changes may elucidate adverse health effects of environmental exposures. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the effects of allergen and diesel exhaust (DE) exposures on global DNAm and its regulation enzymes in human airway epithelium. METHODS A total of 11 participants, including 7 with and 4 without airway hyperresponsiveness, were recruited for a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Each participant had 3 exposures: filtered air + saline, filtered air + allergen, and DE + allergen. Forty-eight hours postexposure, endobronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavages were collected. Levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, 5-methylcytosine, and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine were determined by immunohistochemistry. Cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavages were measured by electrochemiluminescence multiplex assays. RESULTS Predominant DNMT (the most abundant among DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and predominant TET (the most abundant among TET1, TET2, and TET3) were participant-dependent. 5-Methylcytosine and its regulation enzymes differed between participants with and without airway hyperresponsiveness at baseline (filtered air + saline) and in response to allergen challenge (regardless of DE exposure). Predominant DNMT and predominant TET correlated with lung function. Allergen challenge effect on IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavages was modified by TET2 baseline levels in the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Response to allergen challenge is associated with key DNAm regulation enzymes. This relationship is generally unaltered by DE coexposure but is rather dependent on airway hyperresponsiveness status. These enzymes therefore warranted further inquiry regarding their potential in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Min Hyung Ryu
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rider
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wayne Tse
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachel L Clifford
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J Aristizabal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weiping Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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22
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Rider CF, Carlsten C. Air pollution and DNA methylation: effects of exposure in humans. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:131. [PMID: 31481107 PMCID: PMC6724236 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is estimated to contribute to approximately seven million early deaths every year worldwide and more than 3% of disability-adjusted life years lost. Air pollution has numerous harmful effects on health and contributes to the development and morbidity of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and a number of lung pathologies, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emerging data indicate that air pollution exposure modulates the epigenetic mark, DNA methylation (DNAm), and that these changes might in turn influence inflammation, disease development, and exacerbation risk. Several traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) components, including particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been associated with changes in DNAm; typically lowering DNAm after exposure. Effects of air pollution on DNAm have been observed across the human lifespan, but it is not yet clear whether early life developmental sensitivity or the accumulation of exposures have the most significant effects on health. Air pollution exposure-associated DNAm patterns are often correlated with long-term negative respiratory health outcomes, including the development of lung diseases, a focus in this review. Recently, interventions such as exercise and B vitamins have been proposed to reduce the impact of air pollution on DNAm and health. Ultimately, improved knowledge of how exposure-induced change in DNAm impacts health, both acutely and chronically, may enable preventative and remedial strategies to reduce morbidity in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Rider
- Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease (COERD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Diamond Health Care Centre 7252, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1 M9, Canada.
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease (COERD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Diamond Health Care Centre 7252, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1 M9, Canada.,Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Ohya M, Nakazawa K, Kanno H. Lower number of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-expressing cells in plasma cell myeloma than in reactive plasma cell hyperplasia: a useful immunohistochemical approach for identification of neoplastic plasma cells. Pathology 2018; 51:81-85. [PMID: 30503216 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is a haematological malignancy defined by aberrant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. For the diagnosis of PCM, immunostaining of light chains or surface marker analyses by flow cytometry is needed but sometimes difficult. Aberrant methylation at the carbon-5 position of cytosine results in 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), which is a well-known epigenetic hallmark of cancer in mammals. 5-mC is oxidised to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), and low 5-hmC levels occur in several cancers and haematopoietic malignancies. We compared the expression of 5-hmC by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in neoplastic plasma cells in 31 PCM cases and in non-neoplastic plasma cells in 14 benign reactive lesions. The mean percentage of 5-hmC-positive cells was 7.8% and 81.5% in PCM and plasma cell hyperplasia, respectively. Thus, the frequency of 5-hmC-positive cells in PCM specimens was significantly lower than that in reactive plasma cell hyperplasia (p < 0.001 by Student's t-test). IHC of 5-hmC is a useful method for differentiating neoplastic plasma cells from non-neoplastic plasma cells in reactive lesions even in tiny tissue samples unsuitable for flow cytometric analyses or for immunoglobulin light chain IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Ohya
- Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Matsumoto Medical Center, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Koh Nakazawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Matsumoto Medical Center, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
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Starczak M, Zarakowska E, Modrzejewska M, Dziaman T, Szpila A, Linowiecka K, Guz J, Szpotan J, Gawronski M, Labejszo A, Liebert A, Banaszkiewicz Z, Klopocka M, Foksinski M, Gackowski D, Olinski R. In vivo evidence of ascorbate involvement in the generation of epigenetic DNA modifications in leukocytes from patients with colorectal carcinoma, benign adenoma and inflammatory bowel disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:204. [PMID: 30029654 PMCID: PMC6053776 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A characteristic feature of malignant cells, such as colorectal cancer cells, is a profound decrease in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, a product of 5-methylcytosine oxidation by TET enzymes. Recent studies showed that ascorbate may upregulate the activity of TET enzymes in cultured cells and enhance formation of their products in genomic DNA. METHODS The study included four groups of subjects: healthy controls (n = 79), patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n = 51), adenomatous polyps (n = 67) and colorectal cancer (n = 136). The list of analyzed parameters included (i) leukocyte levels of epigenetic DNA modifications and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidatively modified DNA, determined by means of isotope-dilution automated online two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, (ii) expression of TET mRNA measured with RT-qPCR, and (iii) chromatographically-determined plasma concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate. RESULTS Patients from all groups presented with significantly lower levels of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA than the controls. A similar tendency was also observed for 5-hydroxymethyluracil level. Patients with IBD showed the highest levels of 5-formylcytosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine of all study subjects, and individuals with colorectal cancer presented with the lowest concentrations of ascorbate and retinol. A positive correlation was observed between plasma concentration of ascorbate and levels of two epigenetic modifications, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil in leukocyte DNA. Moreover, a significant difference was found in the levels of these modifications in patients whose plasma concentrations of ascorbate were below the lower and above the upper quartile for the control group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that deficiency of ascorbate in the blood may be a marker of its shortage in other tissues, which in turn may correspond to deterioration of DNA methylation-demethylation. These observations may provide a rationale for further research on blood biomarkers of colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Starczak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zarakowska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dziaman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Szpila
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kinga Linowiecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Guz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Szpotan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Gawronski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Labejszo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ariel Liebert
- Department of Vascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Curie Sklodowskiej 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Oncological Surgery, Jan Biziel University No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maria Klopocka
- Department of Vascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Foksinski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Olinski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karlowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Ohara A, Takahashi Y, Kondo M, Okuda Y, Takeda S, Kushida M, Kobayashi K, Sumida K, Yamada T. Candidate genes responsible for early key events of phenobarbital-promoted mouse hepatocellular tumorigenesis based on differentiation of regulating genes between wild type mice and humanized chimeric mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:795-813. [PMID: 30090543 PMCID: PMC6062386 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00163k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenobarbital (PB) is a nongenotoxic hepatocellular carcinogen in rodents. PB induces hepatocellular tumors by activating the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Some previous research has suggested the possible involvement of epigenetic regulation in PB-promoted hepatocellular tumorigenesis, but the details of its molecular mechanism are not fully understood. In the present study, comprehensive analyses of DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation and gene expression using microarrays were performed in mouse hepatocellular adenomas induced by a single 90 mg kg-1 intraperitoneal injection dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by 500 ppm PB in the diet for 27 weeks. DNA modification and expression of hundreds of genes are coordinately altered in PB-induced mouse hepatocellular adenomas. Of these, gene network analysis showed alterations of CAR signaling and tumor development-related genes. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially methylated or hydroxymethylated genes belong mainly to pathways involved in development, immune response and cancer cells in contrast to differentially expressed genes belonging primarily to the cell cycle. Furthermore, overlap was evaluated between the genes with altered expression levels with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) alterations in mouse hepatocellular adenoma induced by DEN/PB and the genes with altered expression levels in the liver of CD-1 mice or humanized chimeric mice treated with PB for 7 days. With the integration of transcriptomic and epigenetic approaches, we detected candidate genes responsible for early key events of PB-promoted mouse hepatocellular tumorigenesis. Interestingly, these genes did not overlap with genes altered by the PB treatment of humanized chimeric mice, thus suggesting a species difference between the effects of PB in mouse and human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ohara
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
| | - Yasuhiko Takahashi
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
| | - Miwa Kondo
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
| | - Yu Okuda
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
| | - Shuji Takeda
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
| | - Masahiko Kushida
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
| | - Kentaro Kobayashi
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
| | - Kayo Sumida
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
| | - Tomoya Yamada
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory , Sumitomo Chemical Co. , Ltd. , 1-98 , 3-Chome , Kasugade-Naka , Konohana-ku , Osaka 554-8558 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81-66466-5322
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Perturbation of the epigenome is emerging as a central driving force in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma. The purpose of this review is to explain how alteration of different layers of the epigenome contributes to the biology and clinical features of these tumors. RECENT FINDINGS Key new findings implicate DNA methylation heterogeneity as a core feature of DLBCL. Epigenetic diversity is linked to unfavorable clinical outcomes, clonal selection at relapse, and is driven at least in part because of the actions of activation-induced cytosine deaminase, which is a unique feature of B-cell lymphomas. Somatic mutations in histone modifier genes drive lymphomagenesis through the establishment of aberrant gene-specific histone modification signatures. For example, EZH2 somatic mutations drive silencing of bivalent gene promoters through histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation, whereas KMT2D (MLL2) mutations disrupt specific sets of enhancers through depletion of histone 3 lysine 4 mono and dimethylation (H3K4me1/me2). SUMMARY Appreciation of the epigenome in determining lymphoma clonal heterogeneity and in driving lymphoma phenotypes through altered promoter and enhancer histone modification profiles is leading to a paradigm shift in how we understand and design therapies for DLBCL and follicular lymphoma.
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27
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Barry KH, Moore LE, Sampson JN, Koutros S, Yan L, Meyer A, Reddy M, Oler AJ, Cook MB, Fraumeni Jr JF, Yeager M, Amundadottir LT, Berndt SI. Prospective study of DNA methylation at chromosome 8q24 in peripheral blood and prostate cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1470-1479. [PMID: 28463958 PMCID: PMC5520085 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 8q24 has emerged as an important genetic susceptibility region for several cancers, including prostate cancer; however, little is known about the contribution of DNA methylation in this region to risk. METHODS We prospectively evaluated DNA methylation at 8q24 in relation to prostate cancer using pre-diagnostic blood samples from 694 prostate cancer cases (including 172 aggressive cases) and 703 controls in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Although none remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing (q>0.05), of the 50 CpG sites meeting quality control, we identified 8 sites that were nominally associated with prostate cancer (Ptrend<0.05), including 6 correlated (Spearman ρ: 0.20-0.52) sites in POU5F1B and 2 intergenic sites (most significant site: Chr8:128428897 in POU5F1B, Ptrend=0.01). We also identified two correlated (ρ=0.39) sites in MYC (Chr8:128753187 and Chr8:128753154) that were associated with aggressive (Ptrend=0.02 and 0.03), but not non-aggressive disease (Ptrend=0.70 and 0.20; Pheterogeneity=0.01 and 4.6 × 10-3). These findings persisted after adjustment for the top 8q24 prostate cancer variants in our study. CONCLUSIONS Although requiring replication, our findings provide some evidence that 8q24 DNA methylation levels may be associated with prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hughes Barry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee E Moore
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liying Yan
- EpigenDx, Inc., Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA
| | - Ann Meyer
- EpigenDx, Inc., Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Oler
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni Jr
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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28
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Lee WS, McColl B, Maksimovic J, Vadolas J. Epigenetic interplay at the β-globin locus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:393-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Qing Y, Tian Z, Bi Y, Wang Y, Long J, Song CX, Diao J. Quantitation and mapping of the epigenetic marker 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Bioessays 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qing
- Department of Cancer Biology; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Ying Bi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Yongyao Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Chun-Xiao Song
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Target Discovery Institute; Nuffield Department of Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
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30
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Ponnaluri VKC, Ehrlich KC, Zhang G, Lacey M, Johnston D, Pradhan S, Ehrlich M. Association of 5-hydroxymethylation and 5-methylation of DNA cytosine with tissue-specific gene expression. Epigenetics 2017; 12:123-138. [PMID: 27911668 PMCID: PMC5330441 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1265713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentially methylated or hydroxymethylated regions (DMRs) in mammalian DNA are often associated with tissue-specific gene expression but the functional relationships are still being unraveled. To elucidate these relationships, we studied 16 human genes containing myogenic DMRs by analyzing profiles of their epigenetics and transcription and quantitatively assaying 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at specific sites in these genes in skeletal muscle (SkM), myoblasts, heart, brain, and diverse other samples. Although most human promoters have little or no methylation regardless of expression, more than half of the genes that we chose to study-owing to their myogenic DMRs-overlapped tissue-specific alternative or cryptic promoters displaying corresponding tissue-specific differences in histone modifications. The 5mC levels in myoblast DMRs were significantly associated with 5hmC levels in SkM at the same site. Hypermethylated myogenic DMRs within CDH15, a muscle- and cerebellum-specific cell adhesion gene, and PITX3, a homeobox gene, were used for transfection in reporter gene constructs. These intragenic DMRs had bidirectional tissue-specific promoter activity that was silenced by in vivo-like methylation. The CDH15 DMR, which was previously associated with an imprinted maternal germline DMR in mice, had especially strong promoter activity in myogenic host cells. These findings are consistent with the controversial hypothesis that intragenic DNA methylation can facilitate transcription and is not just a passive consequence of it. Our results support varied roles for tissue-specific 5mC- or 5hmC-enrichment in suppressing inappropriate gene expression from cryptic or alternative promoters and in increasing the plasticity of gene expression required for development and rapid responses to tissue stress or damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth C. Ehrlich
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Lacey
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane Health Sciences Center and Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Douglas Johnston
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Hayward Genetics Center and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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31
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Liao Y, Gu J, Wu Y, Long X, Ge DI, Xu J, Ding J. Low level of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3753-3760. [PMID: 27313688 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) has previously been demonstrated to be implicated in the initiation and progression of various tumors. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine the level of 5-hmC in NSCLC and their adjacent normal lung tissues by immunohistochemistry and dot-blot analysis; then the relationship between 5-hmC level and the clinicopathological features of NSCLC and the prognostic significance of 5-hmC level in NSCLC patients were analyzed. By employing the dot-blot analysis, a significant reduction of 5-hmC level in NSCLC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues was detected, which were further verified by the immunohistochemistry results on tissue microarrays. Further analyses demonstrated that 65.38% (136/208) presented with low 5-hmC level, and low 5-hmC level was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), histological type (P<0.001) and large tumor size (P=0.031). Notably, the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with low 5-hmC levels were significantly lower than patients with high 5-hmC levels (P<0.001). In addition, it was demonstrated that 5-hmC level was identified as independent prognostic factor in patients' overall survival. In conclusion, downregulation of 5-hmC may serve as a useful biomarker for NSCLC prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Liao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yongbing Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Long
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - D I Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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32
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Paluch BE, Naqash AR, Brumberger Z, Nemeth MJ, Griffiths EA. Epigenetics: A primer for clinicians. Blood Rev 2016; 30:285-95. [PMID: 26969414 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in cellular biology, we now appreciate that modifications to DNA and histones can have a profound impact on transcription and function, even in the absence of changes to DNA sequence. These modifications, now commonly referred to as "epigenetic" alterations, have changed how we understand cell behavior, reprogramming and differentiation and have provided significant insight into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis. Epigenetic alterations, to this point, are largely identified by changes in DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation as well as methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation of histone tails. These modifications enable significant flexibility in gene expression, rather than just turning genes "ON" or "OFF." Herein we describe the epigenetic landscape in the regulation of gene expression with a particular focus on interrogating DNA methylation in myeloid malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Paluch
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology and Genetics Building (CGP), Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Elm and Carlton Street, 14263 Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Abdul R Naqash
- Catholic Health, State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY), 2157 Main Street, 14214 Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Zachary Brumberger
- University at Buffalo State University of New York, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, 14260 Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, RPCI, Elm and Carlton Street, 14263 Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Griffiths
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology and Genetics Building (CGP), Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Elm and Carlton Street, 14263 Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, RPCI, Elm and Carlton Street, 14263 Buffalo, NY, USA; Leukemia Division, RPCI, Elm and Carlton Street, 14263 Buffalo, NY, USA.
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33
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Juan D, Perner J, Carrillo de Santa Pau E, Marsili S, Ochoa D, Chung HR, Vingron M, Rico D, Valencia A. Epigenomic Co-localization and Co-evolution Reveal a Key Role for 5hmC as a Communication Hub in the Chromatin Network of ESCs. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1246-1257. [PMID: 26832418 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic communication through histone and cytosine modifications is essential for gene regulation and cell identity. Here, we propose a framework that is based on a chromatin communication model to get insight on the function of epigenetic modifications in ESCs. The epigenetic communication network was inferred from genome-wide location data plus extensive manual annotation. Notably, we found that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is the most-influential hub of this network, connecting DNA demethylation to nucleosome remodeling complexes and to key transcription factors of pluripotency. Moreover, an evolutionary analysis revealed a central role of 5hmC in the co-evolution of chromatin-related proteins. Further analysis of regions where 5hmC co-localizes with specific interactors shows that each interaction points to chromatin remodeling, stemness, differentiation, or metabolism. Our results highlight the importance of cytosine modifications in the epigenetic communication of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Juan
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliane Perner
- Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrique Carrillo de Santa Pau
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simone Marsili
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ochoa
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Ho-Ryun Chung
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratories Epigenomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Vingron
- Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Rico
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Ruiz MA, Rivers A, Ibanez V, Vaitkus K, Mahmud N, DeSimone J, Lavelle D. Hydroxymethylcytosine and demethylation of the γ-globin gene promoter during erythroid differentiation. Epigenetics 2016; 10:397-407. [PMID: 25932923 PMCID: PMC4622718 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1039220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism responsible for developmental stage-specific regulation of γ-globin gene expression involves DNA methylation. Previous results have shown that the γ-globin promoter is nearly fully demethylated during fetal liver erythroid differentiation and partially demethylated during adult bone marrow erythroid differentiation. The hypothesis that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a known intermediate in DNA demethylation pathways, is involved in demethylation of the γ-globin gene promoter during erythroid differentiation was investigated by analyzing levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5hmC at a CCGG site within the 5′ γ-globin gene promoter region in FACS-purified cells from baboon bone marrow and fetal liver enriched for different stages of erythroid differentiation. Our results show that 5mC and 5hmC levels at the γ-globin promoter are dynamically modulated during erythroid differentiation with peak levels of 5hmC preceding and/or coinciding with demethylation. The Tet2 and Tet3 dioxygenases that catalyze formation of 5hmC are expressed during early stages of erythroid differentiation and Tet3 expression increases as differentiation proceeds. In baboon CD34+ bone marrow-derived erythroid progenitor cell cultures, γ-globin expression was positively correlated with 5hmC and negatively correlated with 5mC at the γ-globin promoter. Supplementation of culture media with Vitamin C, a cofactor of the Tet dioxygenases, reduced γ-globin promoter DNA methylation and increased γ-globin expression when added alone and in an additive manner in combination with either DNA methyltransferase or LSD1 inhibitors. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the Tet-mediated 5hmC pathway is involved in developmental stage-specific regulation of γ-globin expression by mediating demethylation of the γ-globin promoter.
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Tabansky I, Stern JNH, Pfaff DW. Implications of Epigenetic Variability within a Cell Population for "Cell Type" Classification. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:342. [PMID: 26733833 PMCID: PMC4679859 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we propose a new approach to defining nerve “cell types” in reaction to recent advances in single cell analysis. Among cells previously thought to be equivalent, considerable differences in global gene expression and biased tendencies among differing developmental fates have been demonstrated within multiple lineages. The model of classifying cells into distinct types thus has to be revised to account for this intrinsic variability. A “cell type” could be a group of cells that possess similar, but not necessarily identical properties, variable within a spectrum of epigenetic adjustments that permit its developmental path toward a specific function to be achieved. Thus, the definition of a cell type is becoming more similar to the definition of a species: sharing essential properties with other members of its group, but permitting a certain amount of deviation in aspects that do not seriously impact function. This approach accommodates, even embraces the spectrum of natural variation found in various cell populations and consequently avoids the fallacy of false equivalence. For example, developing neurons will react to their microenvironments with epigenetic changes resulting in slight changes in gene expression and morphology. Addressing the new questions implied here will have significant implications for developmental neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Tabansky
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel N H Stern
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Departments of Neurology and Science Education, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of MedicineHempstead, NY, USA; Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health SystemManhasset, NY, USA
| | - Donald W Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA
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TET-catalyzed 5-hydroxymethylcytosine regulates gene expression in differentiating colonocytes and colon cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17568. [PMID: 26631571 PMCID: PMC4668370 DOI: 10.1038/srep17568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of differentiated cell types from pluripotent progenitors involves epigenetic regulation of gene expression. DNA hydroxymethylation results from the enzymatic oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) 5-mC dioxygenase enzymes. Previous work has mapped changes in 5-mC during differentiation of intestinal stem cells. However, whether or not 5-hmC regulates colonocyte differentiation is unknown. Here we show that 5-hmC regulates gene expression during colonocyte differentiation and controls gene expression in human colon cancers. Genome-wide profiling of 5-hmC during in vitro colonic differentiation demonstrated that 5-hmC is gained at highly expressed and induced genes and is associated with intestinal transcription factor binding sites, including those for HNF4A and CDX2. TET1 induction occurred during differentiation, and TET1 knockdown altered gene expression and inhibited barrier formation of colonocytes. We find that the 5-hmC distribution in primary human colonocytes parallels the distribution found in differentiated cells in vitro, and that gene-specific 5-hmC changes in human colon cancers are directly correlated with changes in gene expression. Our results support a model in which 5-hmC regulates differentiation of adult human intestine and 5-hmC alterations contribute to the disrupted gene expression in colon cancer.
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Georgel PT. The danger of epigenetics misconceptions (epigenetics and stuff…). Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:626-9. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the past two decades, the fields of chromatin structure and function and transcription regulation research started to fuse and overlap, as evidence mounted to support a very strong regulatory role in gene expression that was associated with histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation, as well as various chromatin-associated proteins (the pillars of the “Epigenetics” building). The fusion and convergence of these complementary fields is now often simply referred to as “Epigenetics”. During these same 20 years, numerous new research groups have started to recognize the importance of chromatin composition, conformation, and its plasticity. However, as the field started to grow exponentially, its growth came with the spreading of several important misconceptions, which have unfortunately led to improper or hasty conclusions. The goal of this short “opinion” piece is to attempt to minimize future misinterpretations of experimental results and ensure that the right sets of experiment are used to reach the proper conclusion, at least as far as epigenetic mechanisms are concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe T. Georgel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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38
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Epigenetic changes in the developing brain: Effects on behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6789-95. [PMID: 26034282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501482112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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39
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Meldi KM, Figueroa ME. Cytosine modifications in myeloid malignancies. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Mikhed Y, Görlach A, Knaus UG, Daiber A. Redox regulation of genome stability by effects on gene expression, epigenetic pathways and DNA damage/repair. Redox Biol 2015; 5:275-289. [PMID: 26079210 PMCID: PMC4475862 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g. H2O2, nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In addition, classical regulation of gene expression or activity, including gene transcription to RNA followed by translation to the protein level, by transcription factors (e.g. NF-κB, HIF-1α) and mRNA binding proteins (e.g. GAPDH, HuR) is subject to redox regulation. This review will give an update of recent discoveries in this field, and specifically highlight the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on DNA repair systems that contribute to genomic stability. Emphasis will be placed on the emerging role of redox mechanisms regulating epigenetic pathways (e.g. miRNA, DNA methylation and histone modifications). By providing clinical correlations we discuss how oxidative stress can impact on gene regulation/activity and vise versa, how epigenetic processes, other gene regulatory mechanisms and DNA repair can influence the cellular redox state and contribute or prevent development or progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Mikhed
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Daiber
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Nifker G, Levy-Sakin M, Berkov-Zrihen Y, Shahal T, Gabrieli T, Fridman M, Ebenstein Y. One-Pot Chemoenzymatic Cascade for Labeling of the Epigenetic Marker 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1857-1860. [PMID: 26147952 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic DNA modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is important for the regulation of gene expression during development and in tumorigenesis. 5-hmC can be selectively glycosylated by T4 β-glucosyltransferase (β-GT); introduction of an azide on the attached sugar provides a chemical handle for isolation or fluorescent tagging of 5-hmC residues by click chemistry. This approach has not been broadly adopted because of the challenging synthesis and limited commercial availability of the glycosylation substrate, 6-deoxy-6-azido-α-D-glucopyranoside. We report the enzyme-assisted synthesis of this precursor by the uridylyltransferase from Pasteurella multocida (PmGlmU). We were able to directly label 5-hmC in genomic DNA by an enzymatic cascade involving successive action of PmGlmU and β-GT. This is a facile and cost-effective one-pot chemoenzymatic methodology for 5-hmC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Nifker
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel)
| | - Michal Levy-Sakin
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel)
| | - Yifat Berkov-Zrihen
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel)
| | - Tamar Shahal
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel)
| | - Tslil Gabrieli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel)
| | - Micha Fridman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel)
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801 (Israel)
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Carroll M. When cancer and immunology meet. Immunol Rev 2014; 263:2-5. [PMID: 25510267 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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