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Chai LJ, Lan T, Cheng Z, Zhang J, Deng Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang F, Piao M. Stevia rebaudiana leaves fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum exhibit resistance to microorganisms and cancer cell lines in vitro: A potential sausage preservative. Food Chem 2024; 432:137187. [PMID: 37625297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural preservatives are causing a rethinking of current preservation means. As a sweetener resource, exploitation of Stevia rebaudiana leaves (SRLs) is still restricted due to human conventional cognition. Herein, Lactobacillus plantarum fermented SRLs containing diverse free secondary metabolites derived from microbial deglycosylation and bioenzymatic decomposition were investigated. The apparent resistance to typical foodborne bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomoas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) by fermented SRLs and their extracts were validated. The metabolite diversity and in-depth organic solvent extraction gave the possibilities for better antimicrobial actions, anti-HepG2/SGC-7901 cells in vitro in contrast with aqueous extract of unfermented SRLs. Crucially, compound identification and attribution revealed that fermentation products may be maximally contributing to antimicrobial and antitumor mechanisms rather than intrinsic plant and/or microbial components. Additionally, pork sausage models with 15 g/kg ethyl acetate extract as a preservative candidate presented preferred storage characteristics (21 days and 37 °C) compared to those without ethyl acetate extract, e.g. the minimal total plate count (3.86 ± 0.27 log CFU/g), peroxsignide value (8.02 ± 0.92 meq/kg), and acid value (2.01 ± 0.04 (KOH)/(mg/g)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Chai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianchan Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yang Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Fengwu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Meizi Piao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Orellana-Paucar AM. Steviol Glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana: An Updated Overview of Their Sweetening Activity, Pharmacological Properties, and Safety Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031258. [PMID: 36770924 PMCID: PMC9920402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This literature-based review synthesizes the available scientific information about steviol glycosides as natural sweeteners and molecules with therapeutic potential. In addition, it discusses the safety concerns regarding human consumption. Steviol glycosides exhibit a superior sweetener proficiency to that of sucrose and are noncaloric, noncariogenic, and nonfermentative. Scientific evidence encourages stevioside and rebaudioside A as sweetener alternatives to sucrose and supports their use based on their absences of harmful effects on human health. Moreover, these active compounds isolated from Stevia rebaudiana possess interesting medicinal activities, including antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiarrheal activity. The described bioactivities of steviol glycosides deserve special attention based on their dose dependence and specific pathological situations. Further clinical research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms of action, therapeutic indexes, and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Monserrath Orellana-Paucar
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010204, Ecuador;
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Interdisciplinary Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010204, Ecuador
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Elicitation of Submerged Adventitious Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana with Cuscuta reflexa for Production of Biomass and Secondary Metabolites. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010014. [PMID: 35011247 PMCID: PMC8746614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana is an important medicinal plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana are a rich source of many health-promoting agents such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and steviol glycoside, which play a key role in controlling obesity and diabetes. New strategies such as the elicitation of culture media are needed to enhance the productivity of active components. Herein, the Cuscuta reflexa extracts were exploited as elicitors to enhance the productivity of active components. Cuscuta reflexa is one of the parasitic plants that has the ability to elongate very fast and cover the host plant. Consequently, it may be possible that the addition of Cuscuta reflexa extracts to adventitious root cultures (ADR) of Stevia rebaudiana may elongate the root more than control cultures to produce higher quantities of the desired secondary metabolites. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of Cuscuta reflexa extract as a biotic elicitor on the biomass accumulation and production of antioxidant secondary metabolite in submerged adventitious root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana. Ten different concentrations of Cuscuta reflexa were added to liquid media containing 0.5 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The growth kinetics of adventitious roots was investigated for a period of 49 days with an interval of 7 days. The maximum biomass accumulation (7.83 g/3 flasks) was observed on medium containing 10 mg/L extract of Cuscuta reflexa on day 49. As the concentration of extract increases in the culture media, the biomass gradually decreases after 49 days of inoculation. In this study, the higher total phenolics content (0.31 mg GAE/g-DW), total flavonoids content (0.22 mg QE/g-DW), and antioxidant activity (85.54%) were observed in 100 mg/L treated cultures. The higher concentration (100 mg/L) of Cuscuta reflexa extract considerably increased the total phenolics content (TPC), total phenolics production (TPP), total flavonoids content (TFC), total flavonoids production (TFP), total polyphenolics content (TPPC), and total polyphenolics production (TPPP). It was concluded that the extract of Cuscuta reflexa moderately improved biomass accumulation but enhanced the synthesis of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities. Here, biomass’s independent production of secondary metabolites was observed with the addition of extract. The present study will be helpful to scale up adventitious roots culture into a bioreactor for the production of secondary metabolites rather than biomass accumulation in medicinally important Stevia rebaudiana.
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Isolation of phytochemical constituents from Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) and evaluation of their anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties via in vitro and in silico approaches. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08475. [PMID: 34917793 PMCID: PMC8645449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to isolate and characterize some bioactive secondary metabolites by using repeated chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, targeting their anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties through in vitro and in silico approaches. Six compounds were isolated and analyzed by thin layer chromatographic technique and the compounds were identified as 5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid (1), syringin (2), luteolin (3), apigenin (4), jhanol (5), and jhanidiol (6) based on spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic effect of each compound was dose-dependent, and compound 1 showed a higher anti-proliferative effect (IC50 = 181.3 μg/ml) than other compounds (compound 2, 4, 5, and 6). Besides, compound 1 showed the most promising antibacterial activity with a zone of inhibition ranges from 12-15 mm against different strains compared to ciprofloxacin (14-22 mm). In contrast, compound 3 exerted the highest scavenging property against DPPH free radical. Finally, the in vitro bioactivities were also supported by molecular docking studies. The computational study demonstrated that the isolated compounds exerted stronger affinity compared to the standard drugs towards the binding sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), glutathione reductase, and urase oxidase.
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Chen J, Lei Y, Zhang Y, He S, Liu L, Dong X. Beyond sweetness: The high-intensity sweeteners and farm animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Moriconi E, Feraco A, Marzolla V, Infante M, Lombardo M, Fabbri A, Caprio M. Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Effects of Low-Calorie and Non-Calorie Sweeteners. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 32765425 PMCID: PMC7378387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since excessive sugar consumption has been related to the development of chronic metabolic diseases prevalent in the western world, the use of sweeteners has gradually increased worldwide over the last few years. Although low- and non-calorie sweeteners may represent a valuable tool to reduce calorie intake and prevent weight gain, studies investigating the safety and efficacy of these compounds in the short- and long-term period are scarce and controversial. Therefore, future studies will need to elucidate the potential beneficial and/or detrimental effects of different types of sweeteners on metabolic health (energy balance, appetite, body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors) in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this regard, the impact of different sweeteners on central nervous system, gut hormones and gut microbiota is important, given the strong implications that changes in such systems may have for human health. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current evidence for the neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of sweeteners, as well as their impact on gut microbiota. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of the use of sweeteners in the context of very-low calorie ketogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Moriconi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, CTO A. Alesini Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
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Boling L, Cuevas DA, Grasis JA, Kang HS, Knowles B, Levi K, Maughan H, McNair K, Rojas MI, Sanchez SE, Smurthwaite C, Rohwer F. Dietary prophage inducers and antimicrobials: toward landscaping the human gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:721-734. [PMID: 31931655 PMCID: PMC7524278 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1701353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The approximately 1011 viruses and microbial cells per gram of fecal matter (dry weight) in the large intestine are important to human health. The responses of three common gut bacteria species, and one opportunistic pathogen, to 117 commonly consumed foods, chemical additives, and plant extracts were tested. Many compounds, including Stevia rebaudiana and bee propolis extracts, exhibited species-specific growth inhibition by prophage induction. Overall, these results show that various foods may change the abundances of gut bacteria by modulating temperate phage and suggests a novel path for landscaping the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Boling
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA,CONTACT Lance Boling Department of Biology, San Diego State University, LS301, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA92182USA
| | - Daniel A. Cuevas
- Computational Sciences Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Juris A. Grasis
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Han Suh Kang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ben Knowles
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Levi
- Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Katelyn McNair
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Forest Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Zou X, Tan Q, Goh BH, Lee LH, Tan KL, Ser HL. ‘Sweeter’ than its name: anti-inflammatory activities of Stevia rebaudiana. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1771434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - QiWen Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kai-Leng Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Ahmad A, Ali H, Khan H, Begam A, Khan S, Ali SS, Ahmad N, Fazal H, Ali M, Hano C, Ahmad N, Abbasi BH. Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Production of Biomass, Polyphenolics and Steviol Glycosides in Adventitious Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040420. [PMID: 32235525 PMCID: PMC7238111 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In current study, the effect of gibberellic acid was tested for production of biomass, polyphenolics and Steviol glycosides in adventitious root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana. Adventitious cultures were induced from the roots of in vitro grown plantlets on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing combination of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.5 mg/L). Initially, a known mass of inoculum roots were shifted into suspension media augmented with various GA3 concentrations. The growth behavior of adventitious roots was recorded every 3 days for a period of 30 days. Maximum biomass biosynthesis (13.12 g/flask) was noticed in exponential phase on 27th day in the suspension containing 2.0 mg/L of GA3. Other GA3 concentrations also displayed optimum patterns of biomass accumulation as compared to the control. Adventitious roots were investigated for total phenolic content (TPC) and production (TPP), total flavonoid content (TFC) and production (TFP), and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-based antioxidant potential. Maximum phenolics (TPC 9.84 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g-dry weight (DW)) and TPP (147.6 mg/L), TFC (5.12 mg Quercitin equivalent (QE)/g-DW) and TFP (76.91 mg/L) were observed in 2.0 mg/L GA3 treated cultures. The same concentration of gibberellic acid enhanced antioxidant activity (77.2%). Furthermore, maximum stevioside (7.13 mg/g-DW), rebaudioside-A (0.27 mg/g-DW) and dulcoside-A (0.001 mg/g-DW) were observed in roots exposed to 2.0 mg/L GA3. This is the first report on the application of GA3 on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite production in S. rebaudiana. The current study will be helpful to scale up the adventitious root cultures in bioreactors for the production of biomass and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (S.K.); (S.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (S.K.); (S.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Habiba Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (S.K.); (S.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Almas Begam
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (S.K.); (S.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (S.K.); (S.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (S.K.); (S.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Hina Fazal
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (S.K.); (S.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Université d’Orléans, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRA USC1328, F28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.A.); (H.K.); (A.B.); (S.K.); (S.S.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (B.H.A.)
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Han X, Chen C, Zhang X, Wei Y, Tang S, Wang J, Tan Z, Xu L. Effects of Dietary Stevioside Supplementation on Feed Intake, Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites of Goats. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9020032. [PMID: 30678077 PMCID: PMC6406306 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study evaluated the effects of stevioside, a natural sweetener that is an extract of Stevia, on feed intake and feeding behavior of goats. The results demonstrated that the consumption of forage was improved after supplementation with stevioside. Supplementation of stevioside resulted in improved total diet consumption of goats. These results are useful for ruminant producers to use natural sweeteners to regulate the intakes of animals. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of stevioside on feed intake, feeding behavior, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and serum biochemical parameters in goats. Nine male Xiangdong black goats (21.8 ± 1.5 kg of body weight) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. All goats were fed a basal diet including concentrate and forage (chopped rice straw). The three treatments were 0, 400, or 800 mg stevioside per kg chopped rice straw on a dry matter (DM) basis. Dry matter intake of forage and total diet linearly increased (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04) with increasing stevioside in the diet. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of stevioside inclusion in the diets on eating time, rumination time, or total mastication time for the goats. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen responded quadratically (p < 0.01), decreasing from 0 to 400 mg/kg stevioside inclusion and increasing thereafter. The inclusion of steviosid in the diets promoted a quadratic increase in the apparent total tract digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p = 0.02) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p = 0.01). Based on the results of this experiment, it could be concluded that supplementing goat diets with stevioside at 400 mg/kg to 800 mg/kg forage (about 270 to 541 mg/kg diet) resulted in increased dry intake of forage and total diet, suggesting that stevioside has positive potential as a feed additive to improve feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Han
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Chaoxi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yuqing Wei
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jiurong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS), Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Liwei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory forPollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central ExperimentalStation of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial EngineeringResearch Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, TheChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha 410125, China.
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11
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Wang QP, Browman D, Herzog H, Neely GG. Non-nutritive sweeteners possess a bacteriostatic effect and alter gut microbiota in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199080. [PMID: 29975731 PMCID: PMC6033410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are widely used in various food products and soft drinks. There is growing evidence that NNSs contribute to metabolic dysfunction and can affect body weight, glucose tolerance, appetite, and taste sensitivity. Several NNSs have also been shown to have major impacts on bacterial growth both in vitro and in vivo. Here we studied the effects of various NNSs on the growth of the intestinal bacterium, E. coli, as well as the gut bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the balance between which is associated with gut health. We found that the synthetic sweeteners acesulfame potassium, saccharin and sucralose all exerted strong bacteriostatic effects. We found that rebaudioside A, the active ingredient in the natural NNS stevia, also had similar bacteriostatic properties, and the bacteriostatic effects of NNSs varied among different Escherichia coli strains. In mice fed a chow diet, sucralose increased Firmicutes, and we observed a synergistic effect on Firmicutes when sucralose was provided in the context of a high-fat diet. In summary, our data show that NNSs have direct bacteriostatic effects and can change the intestinal microbiota in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ping Wang
- University of Sydney, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duncan Browman
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G. Gregory Neely
- University of Sydney, Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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12
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Ruiz-Ruiz JC, Moguel-Ordoñez YB, Segura-Campos MR. Biological activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and their relationship to health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:2680-2690. [PMID: 26479769 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1072083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni has nutrients and phytochemicals, which make it an adequate source for the extraction and production of functional food ingredients. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest therapeutic and pharmacological applications for stevia and their extracts because they are not toxic and exhibit several biological activities. This review presents the biological activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and their relationship to antidiabetic, anticariogenic, antioxidant, hypotensive, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Consumption and adverse effects were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carlos Ruiz-Ruiz
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química-Bioquímica , Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida , Mérida, Yucatán , México
| | - Yolanda Beatriz Moguel-Ordoñez
- b Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Mococh , Carretera Mérida-Motul, Yucatán , México
| | - Maira Rubi Segura-Campos
- c Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida, Yucatán , México
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Carrera-Lanestosa A, Moguel-Ordóñez Y, Segura-Campos M. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: A Natural Alternative for Treating Diseases Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. J Med Food 2017; 20:933-943. [PMID: 28792778 PMCID: PMC5651958 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (SR) is often used by the food industry due to its steviol glycoside content, which is a suitable calorie-free sweetener. Further, both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that these glycosides and the extracts from SR have pharmacological and therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anticancer. This work reviews the antiobesity, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects of the majority of glycosides and aqueous/alcoholic extracts from the leaves, flowers, and roots of the SR. These compounds can serve as a natural and alternative treatment for diseases that are associated with metabolic syndrome, thus contributing to health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Moguel-Ordóñez
- National Institute for Forest, Agronomic, and Livestock Research, Mococha Experimental Field, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Maira Segura-Campos
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
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14
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Ramos-Morales E, de la Fuente G, Nash RJ, Braganca R, Duval S, Bouillon ME, Lahmann M, Newbold CJ. Improving the antiprotozoal effect of saponins in the rumen by combination with glycosidase inhibiting iminosugars or by modification of their chemical structure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184517. [PMID: 28886130 PMCID: PMC5590940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiprotozoal effect of saponins is transitory, as when saponins are deglycosylated to sapogenins by rumen microorganisms they become inactive. We hypothesised that the combination of saponins with glycosidase-inhibiting iminosugars might potentially increase the effectiveness of saponins over time by preventing their deglycosylation in the rumen. Alternatively, modifying the structure of the saponins by substituting the sugar moiety with other small polar residues might maintain their activity as the sugar substitute would not be enzymatically cleaved. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the acute antiprotozoal effect and the stability of this effect over a 24 h incubation period using ivy saponins, a stevia extract rich in iminosugars, ivy saponins with stevia extract, and a chemically modified ivy saponin, hederagenin bis-succinate (HBS). The effects on fermentation parameters and rumen bacterial communities were also studied. Ivy saponins with stevia and HBS had a greater antiprotozoal effect than ivy saponins, and this effect was maintained after 24 h of incubation (P<0.001). The combination of ivy and stevia extracts was more effective in shifting the fermentation pattern towards higher propionate (+39%) and lower butyrate (-32%) and lower ammonia concentration (-64%) than the extracts incubated separately. HBS caused a decrease in butyrate (-45%) and an increase in propionate (+43%) molar proportions. However, the decrease in ammonia concentration (-42%) observed in the presence of HBS was less than that caused by ivy saponins, either alone or with stevia. Whereas HBS and stevia impacted on bacterial population in terms of community structure, only HBS had an effect in terms of biodiversity (P<0.05). It was concluded that ivy saponins with stevia and the modified saponin HBS had a strong antiprotozoal effect, although they differed in their effects on fermentation parameters and bacteria communities. Ivy saponins combined with an iminosugar-rich stevia extract and/or HBS should be evaluated to determine their antiprotozoal effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos-Morales
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CJN); (ERM)
| | - Gabriel de la Fuente
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Radek Braganca
- BioComposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Duval
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Animale, Saint Louis Cedex, France
| | | | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - C. Jamie Newbold
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CJN); (ERM)
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Rahal EA, Fadlallah SM, Nassar FJ, Kazzi N, Matar GM. Approaches to treatment of emerging Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections highlighting the O104:H4 serotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:24. [PMID: 25853096 PMCID: PMC4364364 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a group of diarrheagenic bacteria associated with foodborne outbreaks. Infection with these agents may result in grave sequelae that include fatality. A large number of STEC serotypes has been identified to date. E. coli serotype O104:H4 is an emerging pathogen responsible for a 2011 outbreak in Europe that resulted in over 4000 infections and 50 deaths. STEC pathogenicity is highly reliant on the production of one or more Shiga toxins that can inhibit protein synthesis in host cells resulting in a cytotoxicity that may affect various organ systems. Antimicrobials are usually avoided in the treatment of STEC infections since they are believed to induce bacterial cell lysis and the release of stored toxins. Some antimicrobials have also been reported to enhance toxin synthesis and production from these organisms. Various groups have attempted alternative treatment approaches including the administration of toxin-directed antibodies, toxin-adsorbing polymers, probiotic agents and natural remedies. The utility of antibiotics in treating STEC infections has also been reconsidered in recent years with certain modalities showing promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sukayna M Fadlallah
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah J Nassar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Natalie Kazzi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan M Matar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
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Shiozaki K, Fujii A, Nakano T, Yamaguchi T, Sato M. Inhibitory Effects of Hot Water Extract of the Stevia Stem on the Contractile Response of the Smooth Muscle of the Guinea Pig Ileum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:489-94. [PMID: 16495667 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a hot water extract of the stem of Stevia rebaudiana on the smooth muscle of isolated guinea pig ileum were investigated. The butyl alcohol layer of the extract antagonized the contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine (1 x 10(-5) M) and acetylcholine (1 x 10(-5) M) in a concentration-dependent manner. The butyl alcohol layer of the extract also showed inhibition of CaCl(2) (1 x 10(-3)-3.8 x 10(-1) M)-induced contractions. The antagonism of the extract was considered to be non-specific, but this action might be related to an influx of extracellular Ca(2+). With column chromatography preparation, the active component was assumed to be as stevioside. The antagonistic effects exerted by the stem extract of Stevia rebaudiana contributed to the gastroprotective activity of the extract in animals fed dietary histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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17
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Choi SN, Joo MK, Chung NY. Quality Characteristics of Soybean Milk Added with Stevia Leaf Powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.14373/jkda.2014.20.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Shi Z, Shi B, Shan A. Effects of dietary stevioside/rebaudioside A on the growth performance and diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Deniņa I, Semjonovs P, Fomina A, Treimane R, Linde R. The influence of stevia glycosides on the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri strains. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:278-84. [PMID: 24251876 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Use of stevia-derived sweeteners was recently officially approved by the European Commission, and their application in the food industry has increased, especially in functional foods. However, there are scarce data about the influence of stevia on probiotic bacteria, which are important both as an inhabitant of the human gut and as a functional food additive. Taking into consideration the broad application of Lactobacillus reuteri in functional foods, the aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of stevia glycosides on its growth. Six Lact. reuteri strains were tested for their ability to grow in the presence of stevioside and rebaudioside A (0·2-2·6 g l(-1) ). The effect of stevia glycosides on biomass concentration, cell count, pH and lactic and acetic acid synthesis was analysed. Both glycosides impaired the growth of analysed strains. However, the inhibitory effect was strain specific, and the concentration-dependent effect was not observed for all parameters. The most pronounced concentration-dependent effect was on lactic and acetic acid production. Taking into account the observed strain-specific inhibitory effect of stevia glycosides, it could be suggested to evaluate the influence of them on each strain employed before their simultaneous application in functional foods. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study showed that the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri strains was inhibited in the presence of stevia sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A. Probiotics, for example Lact. reuteri strains, are often used as functional additives in health foods and are an important natural inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract. Stevia glycosides application in food is increasing; yet, there are no data about the influence of stevia glycosides on Lact. reuteri growth and very few data on growth of other lactobacilli, either in probiotic foods or in the gastrointestinal tract. This research shows that it is necessary to evaluate the influence of stevia glycosides on other groups of micro-organisms in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Deniņa
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Choi JS, Jung DS, Lee JH, Choi YI, Lee JJ. Growth Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs by Feeding Stevia and Charcoal. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2012. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2012.32.2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Lemus-Mondaca R, Vega-Gálvez A, Zura-Bravo L, Ah-Hen K. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, source of a high-potency natural sweetener: A comprehensive review on the biochemical, nutritional and functional aspects. Food Chem 2011; 132:1121-1132. [PMID: 29243591 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, an ancient perennial shrub of South America, produces diterpene glycosides that are low calorie sweeteners, about 300 times sweeter than saccharose. Stevia extracts, besides having therapeutic properties, contain a high level of sweetening compounds, known as steviol glycosides, which are thought to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Stevioside and rebaudioside A are the main sweetening compounds of interest. They are thermostable even at temperatures of up to 200°C, making them suitable for use in cooked foods. S. rebaudiana has a great potential as a new agricultural crop since consumer demand for herbal foods is increasing and proximate analysis has shown that Stevia also contains folic acid, vitamin C and all of the indispensable amino acids with the exception of tryptophan. Stevia cultivation and production would further help those who have to restrict carbohydrate intake in their diet; to enjoy the sweet taste with minimal calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lemus-Mondaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán s/n, P.O. Box 599, La Serena, Chile; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bdo. O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Vega-Gálvez
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán s/n, P.O. Box 599, La Serena, Chile; CEAZA, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán s/n, P.O. Box 599, La Serena, Chile.
| | - Liliana Zura-Bravo
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán s/n, P.O. Box 599, La Serena, Chile
| | - Kong Ah-Hen
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Julio Sarrazín s/n, Valdivia, Chile
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Lee JJ, Park SH, Jung DS, Choi YI, Choi JS. Meat Quality and Storage Characteristics of Finishing Pigs by Feeding Stevia and Charcoal. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2011. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cacciola F, Delmonte P, Jaworska K, Dugo P, Mondello L, Rader JI. Employing ultra high pressure liquid chromatography as the second dimension in a comprehensive two-dimensional system for analysis of Stevia rebaudiana extracts. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2012-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Goyal SK, Samsher, Goyal RK. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 61:1-10. [DOI: 10.3109/09637480903193049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kedik SA, Yartsev EI, Stanishevskaya IE. Antiviral activity of dried extract of Stevia. Pharm Chem J 2009; 43:198-199. [PMID: 32214535 PMCID: PMC7089513 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-009-0270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biological (antiviral) activity of a dried purified extract of Stevia was evaluated in vitro. Tests were performed using Teschen disease virus, infectious rhinotracheitis virus, and human coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kedik
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Yartsev
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I E Stanishevskaya
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
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Atteh JO, Onagbesan OM, Tona K, Decuypere E, Geuns JMC, Buyse J. Evaluation of supplementary stevia(Stevia rebaudiana,bertoni) leaves and stevioside in broiler diets: effects on feed intake, nutrient metabolism, blood parameters and growth performance. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008; 92:640-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C. Stevioside and related compounds: therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:41-54. [PMID: 19000919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stevioside, an abundant component of Stevia rebaudiana leaf, has become well-known for its intense sweetness (250-300 times sweeter than sucrose) and is used as a non-caloric sweetener in several countries. A number of studies have suggested that, beside sweetness, stevioside along with related compounds, which include rebaudioside A (second most abundant component of S. rebaudiana leaf), steviol and isosteviol (metabolic components of stevioside) may also offer therapeutic benefits, as they have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diarrheal, diuretic, and immunomodulatory actions. It is of interest to note that their effects on plasma glucose level and blood pressure are only observed when these parameters are higher than normal. As steviol can interact with drug transporters, its role as a drug modulator is proposed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pharmacological actions, therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics and safety of stevioside and related compounds. Although much progress has been made concerning their biological and pharmacological effects, questions regarding chemical purity and safety remain unsolved. These issues are discussed to help guide future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Pól J, Hohnová B, Hyötyläinen T. Characterisation of Stevia Rebaudiana by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1150:85-92. [PMID: 16996528 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC x LC) connected on-line to electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) was employed for analysis of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana. Different combinations of strong cation-exchange (SCX), amino (NH2), and octadecyl siloxane (C18) stationary phases were tested in the separation of all nine known sweet Stevia glycosides. A combination of C18 as the first-dimension column and NH2 as the second-dimension column fully separated all the glycosides from the matrix. The method proved to be quantitative and repeatable. The limit of detection (S/N=3) for stevioside, a widely used natural sweetener, was 43.4 ng/g in dry leaves. The RSD for retention times was <0.1% and that of peak areas 4.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pól
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
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Effect of Dietary Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) Extract on Gizzard Erosion and UIceration Induced by Dietary Histamine in Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.38.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Takahashi K, Matsuda M, Ohashi K, Taniguchi K, Nakagomi O, Abe Y, Mori S, Sato N, Okutani K, Shigeta S. Analysis of anti-rotavirus activity of extract from Stevia rebaudiana. Antiviral Res 2001; 49:15-24. [PMID: 11166857 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(00)00134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-human rotavirus (HRV) activity of hot water extracts from Stevia rebaudiana (SE) was examined. SE inhibited the replication of all four serotypes of HRV in vitro. This inhibitory effect of SE was not reduced on the prior exposure of SE to HCl for 30 min at pH 2. Binding assay with radiolabeled purified viruses indicated that the inhibitory mechanism of SE is the blockade of virus binding. The SE inhibited the binding of anti-VP7 monoclonal antibody to HRV-infected MA104 cells. The inhibitory components of SE were found to be heterogeneous anionic polysaccharides with different ion charges. The component analyses suggested that the purified fraction named as Stevian with the highest inhibitory activity consists of the anionic polysaccharide with molecular weight of 9800, and contains Ser and Ala as amino acids. Analyses of sugar residues suggest uronic acid(s) as sugar components. It did not contain amino and neutral sugars and sulfate residues. These findings suggest that SE may bind to 37 kD VP7 and interfere with the binding of VP7 to the cellular receptors by steric hindrance, which results in the blockade of the virus attachment to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-shi 960-1295, Japan.
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