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Usategui-Martín R, Carbonell C, Novo-Veleiro I, Hernández-Pinchete S, Mirón-Canelo JA, Chamorro AJ, Marcos M. Association between genetic variants in CYP2E1 and CTRC genes and susceptibility to alcoholic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107873. [PMID: 32045777 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of alcoholic pancreatitis (AP), with previous studies suggesting that genetics variants in certain genes, such asCYP2E1 and CTRC, partially explain individual susceptibility to this disease. Therefore, the aim of this work was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies that analyzed how polymorphisms within CYP2E1 and CTRC genes influence the risk of AP. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies that analyzed the genotype distribution of CYP2E1 and CTRC allelic variants among patients with AP and a group of controls. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Odds ratios (ORs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS The T allele of theCTRC 180 C > T variant was significantly more prevalent among patients with AP compared to all controls (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.43-2.24; P < 0.00001) and healthy subjects (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.46-2.31; P < 0.00001). The Trp variant of CTRC Arg254Trp polymorphism was also more prevalent in patients with AP; however, these results were not significant after excluding one study. We found no clear evidence that CYP2E1-DraI or of CYP2E1-RsaI/PstI polymorphisms modulate the risk of developing AP. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis supports that the T allele ofCTRC 180C > T polymorphisms modulates the risk of alcoholic pancreatitis. No clear evidence was found for the remaining SNPs being associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA). University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Alcoholism Unit. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Working Group on Alcohol and Alcoholism. Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Spain.
| | - Ignacio Novo-Veleiro
- Working Group on Alcohol and Alcoholism. Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | | | | | - Antonio-Javier Chamorro
- Alcoholism Unit. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Working Group on Alcohol and Alcoholism. Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Alcoholism Unit. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Working Group on Alcohol and Alcoholism. Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Stornetta A, Guidolin V, Balbo S. Alcohol-Derived Acetaldehyde Exposure in the Oral Cavity. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E20. [PMID: 29342885 PMCID: PMC5789370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a human carcinogen and its consumption has been associated to an increased risk of liver, breast, colorectum, and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. Its mechanisms of carcinogenicity remain unclear and various hypotheses have been formulated depending on the target organ considered. In the case of UADT cancers, alcohol's major metabolite acetaldehyde seems to play a crucial role. Acetaldehyde reacts with DNA inducing modifications, which, if not repaired, can result in mutations and lead to cancer development. Despite alcohol being mainly metabolized in the liver, several studies performed in humans found higher levels of acetaldehyde in saliva compared to those found in blood immediately after alcohol consumption. These results suggest that alcohol-derived acetaldehyde exposure may occur in the oral cavity independently from liver metabolism. This hypothesis is supported by our recent results showing the presence of acetaldehyde-related DNA modifications in oral cells of monkeys and humans exposed to alcohol, overall suggesting that the alcohol metabolism in the oral cavity is an independent cancer risk factor. This review article will focus on illustrating the factors modulating alcohol-derived acetaldehyde exposure and effects in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Stornetta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Valeria Guidolin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Quintanilha JCF, de Sousa VM, Visacri MB, Amaral LS, Santos RMM, Zambrano T, Salazar LA, Moriel P. Involvement of cytochrome P450 in cisplatin treatment: implications for toxicity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:223-233. [PMID: 28612092 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the CYP450 enzyme family and cisplatin toxicity. METHODS This article examined a collection of studies suggesting that CYP450 enzymes may influence cisplatin toxicity. We performed a narrative mini-review. RESULTS The studies review showed that CYP450 enzymes have an important role in drug-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, mainly CYP2E1 and CYP4A11. The studies also suggested that the cisplatin and CYP2E1 interaction leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants resulting in renal injury; and that ROS generated by both the use of cisplatin and by the CYP2E1 increases tissue damage, induces apoptosis, and causes liver failure. CONCLUSIONS We observed that there is an important relationship between CYP450 and cisplatin, involving increased toxicity. However, the possible mechanisms described for the involvement of CYP450 enzymes in nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin need to be confirmed by further studies. Therefore, there is a need for a deeper investigation focusing on cisplatin toxicity mediated by CYP450 enzymes, which would undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that have been implicated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Marcilio de Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 200 Cândido Portinari, Campinas, 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Sampaio Amaral
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tomás Zambrano
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luis Antonio Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Moriel
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 200 Cândido Portinari, Campinas, 13083-871, SP, Brazil.
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Karacaoğlan V, Ada AO, Bilgen S, Çetinkaya GT, Soydaş E, Kunak CS, Alpar SM, Gülhan M, Işcan M. Xenobiotic/drug metabolizing enzyme and TP53 polymorphisms and clinical outcome in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer patients. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:554-562. [PMID: 28425245 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1602-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The association between polymorphisms of xenobiotic/drug metabolizing enzymes and TP53 and response to chemotherapy and survival of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are limited and inconclusive. In this study, CYP2E1*5B, CYP2E1*6, CYP2E1*7B, GSTO1 (A140D), and TP53 (Arg72Pro) polymorphisms and response to platinum-based chemotherapy and survival in 137 advanced stage NSCLC patients were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic polymorphism analyses were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS The patients with TP53 Pro/Pro variant were more likely to be resistant to chemotherapy than those with Arg/Arg variants with marginal significance (P = 0.066). We also analyzed these gene variants in combination with CYP1A1 (Ile462Val), CYP1B1 (Asn453Ser), GSTM1, GSTP1 exon 5 (Ile105Val), and GSTP1 exon 6 (Ala114Val) and GSTT1 polymorphic genes that we have previously genotyped in the same patients (Ada et al., Neoplasma, 57, 512-527, 2010). The multivariate analysis revealed that adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of death of the combined variant genotypes of TP53 (Arg72Pro, Pro72Pro) and CYP1A1 (Ile462Val, Val462Val) increased significantly as compared to wild-type genotypes (HR, 6.03; 95% CI, 1.39-26.04, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION These results show that combined variant genotypes of TP53 (Arg72Pro, Pro72Pro) and CYP1A1 (Ile/Val, Val/Val) are associated with worsening of survival in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Karacaoğlan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Oğuz Ada
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Bilgen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Emre Soydaş
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Meryem Alpar
- Lokman Hekim Hospital, Sincan, Ankara, Turkey.,Atatürk Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Gülhan
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ridvan Ege Hospital, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey.,Atatürk Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mümtaz Işcan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Türkanoğlu Özçelik A, Can Demirdöğen B, Demirkaya Ş, Adalı O. Association of cytochrome P4502E1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to large artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke: a case–control study in the Turkish population. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1077-1085. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lu Y, Zhu X, Zhang C, Jiang K, Huang C, Qin X. Role of CYP2E1 polymorphisms in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:11. [PMID: 28074086 PMCID: PMC5219772 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP2E1 polymorphisms have been reported to influence individual's breast cancer susceptibility as a phase I enzyme, but the results of these previous studies remain controversial. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess their association. METHODS A comprehensive search of literature included in various databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Google scholar), published before August 2016, was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated in fixed or random-effects models were used to estimate the strength of the associations between three polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and breast cancer susceptibility. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and test for publication bias were also performed. A total of 11 separate comparisons involving 4311 cases and 4407 controls were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Our result showed that there was no significant association between the two common polymorphisms CYP2E1 rs2031920 C>T, CYP2E1*5 Rsa I/Rst I (c1/c2) and BC risk. For CYP2E1*6 Dra I (D/C) polymorphism, a significantly increased BC risk in the overall population was found in genetic model D/C vs. D/D (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04-1.61, P = 0.023) and C/C + D/C vs. D/D (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04-1.51, P = 0.019), together with subjects who have at least one C allele (C vs. D: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.20-1.79, P < 0.001). Similar results were also found in subgroup analyses in Caucasians of these three comparison models. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that CYP2E1*6 Dra I (D/C) variation significantly associated with the risk of BC. Individuals with D/C and C/C + D/C genotypes or carried at least one C allele of CYP2E1*6 Dra I (D/C) polymorphism had a significant higher susceptibility to develop BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Kongmei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Chunni Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
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Zhuo X, Song J, Liao J, Zhou W, Ye H, Li Q, Xiang Z, Zhang X. Does CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphism confer head and neck carcinoma susceptibility?: A meta-analysis based on 43 studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5156. [PMID: 27787372 PMCID: PMC5089101 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports showed that CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphism may be a risk factor for cancers. Published meta-analyses in 2010 and 2011, respectively, on the relationship of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphisms with the susceptibility to head and neck carcinoma (HNC) have generated inconsistent results. Thus, this study aimed to conduct an updated meta-analysis involving published studies up to Nov 2015 to get a more confidential result. METHODS Eligible studies up to Nov 2015 were retrieved and screened. Data were extracted and a quantitative meta-analysis was conducted. Subgroup analyses on ethnicity, source of controls, sample size, genotyping method, smoking status, and drinking status were also performed. RESULTS Forty-one publications including a total of 43 case-control studies were selected for analysis. The overall data under a homozygote comparison model indicated a significant association of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphisms with HNC risk (c2c2 vs c1c1: odds ratio [OR] = 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53-2.53). Similar results were observed in the Asian subgroup (c2c2 vs c1c1: OR = 1.98; 95%CI = 1.51-2.60; c2 vs c1: OR = 1.20; 95%CI = 1.03-1.39) and mixed population (c2 vs c1: OR = 1.41; 95%CI = 1.06-1.86) when the data were stratified by ethnicities. Interestingly, increased cancer risk only was shown among never-smokers (c2c2+c1c2 vs c1c1: OR = 1.44; 95%CI = 1.05-1.98) but not ever-smokers. CONCLUSION CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphisms may modify the susceptibility to HNC, particularly among Asians, mixed population, and never-smokers. Future large and well-designed studies are needed to verify this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence: Xianlu Zhuo and Xueyuan Zhang, Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (e-mails: [Xianlu Zhuo]; [Xueyuan Zhang])
| | - Jue Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang
| | - Jian Liao
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang
| | - Wei Zhou
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiping Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Zhaolan Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
- Correspondence: Xianlu Zhuo and Xueyuan Zhang, Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (e-mails: [Xianlu Zhuo]; [Xueyuan Zhang])
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Kezic S, Calkoen F, Wenker MAM, Jacobs JJL, Verberk MM. Genetic polymorphism of metabolic enzymes modifies the risk of chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 22:281-9. [PMID: 17022435 DOI: 10.1177/0748233706070287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigate whether genetic polymorphism in enzymes involved in the metabolism of organic solvents influences susceptibility to chronic solvent encephalopathy (CSE), which is one of the major effects of long-term exposure to organic solvents. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding CYP1A1, CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 enzymes were determined in a group of male CSE patients ( N = 97) and controls ( N = 214). The selection of the patients was based on a standard diagnostic protocol, including interviews, neuropsychological tests and questionnaires directed to somatic, cognitive and mood symptoms and exposure, in combination with well-defined decision rules. As controls, healthy workers of similar socio-economic background, without memory problems and with no known exposure to organic solvents, were included in the study. Comparing patients and controls, higher frequencies of the variant *5B allele of the CYP2E1 gene (OR: 5.8; 95% CI: 1.8-18.8) and of the variant GSTP1*C allele (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17-0.94) were found. Homozygous carriers of the exon 4 EPHX1 Arg139 variant allele had a lower risk (OR:0.25; 95% CI: 0.06-1.13). The present study indicates that genetic polymorphism of CYP2E1, EPHX1 and GSTP1 modify the risk of developing CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kezic
- Coronel Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Daiker DH, Ward JB, Schoenfeld HA, Witz G, Moslen MT. Characterization of a Dietary Ethanol Protocol for Cyp2e1 Induction in the CD-1 Mouse without Evident Hepatic Toxicity or Genotoxicity. Int J Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/109158199225242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the CD-1 mouse strain has been used to investigate the toxicity of numerous substrates of Cyp2e1, limited information is available about responses of this strain to ethanol, a potent and clinically relevant inducer of this cytochrome P450 isozyme. Our goal was to characterize a dietary ethanol protocol for greater than threefold induction of hepatic Cyp2e1 in CD-1 mice without confounding alterations to other biotransformation enzymes or injury to known target tissues. Female CD-1 mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 1.4 to 6.4% ethanol (v/v) for time periods of 1 to 12 weeks. A series of range-finding experiments indicated that the stock 6.4% ethanol diet caused rapid weight loss, whereas dietary ethanol concentrations less than or equal to 3.2% produced inadequate (i.e., less than threefold) induction of hepatic Cyp2e1. Suitable responses were observed in mice fed a 4.1% ethanol diet, namely, body weight gain equivalent to both pair-fed or rodent chow control groups plus consistent and stable induction of hepatic Cyp2e1 activities by greater than threefold without evidence of hepatic lipid peroxidation or histopathology. Evaluations of other representative biotransformation activities, including bone marrow quinone reductase and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase, showed no alterations with the 4.1% ethanol diet, except for a modest 20% decline in hepatic glutathione peroxidase. Unlike observations in other species, Cyp2e1 induction was not evident in bone marrow or spleen by Western blot. Mice given the 4.1% ethanol diet for 6 and/or 12 weeks showed no changes in cellularity of the spleen or bone marrow, frequency of hprt mutations in splenic lymphocytes, or percentage of DNA-protein crosslinks in bone marrow cells. These parameters were monitored because ethanol at high exposures is known to cause immunosuppression and mild genotoxicity. Female CD-1 mice fed a 4.1% ethanol liquid diet showed substantial (greater than threefold) induction of hepatic Cyp2e1 without confounding detrimental effects on the fiver, spleen, or bone marrow. Thus, this dietary ethanol protocol should be useful for future investigations of the role of Cyp2e1 induction on genotoxicity responses to Cyp2e1 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi A. Schoenfeld
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gisela Witz
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Arici M, Özhan G. The genetic profiles of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzymes as susceptibility factor in xenobiotic toxicity in Turkish population. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:294-297. [PMID: 28344482 PMCID: PMC5355561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation and sequencing of heritable alterations in the human genome and the large-scale identification of gene polymorphism for understanding the genetic background of individuals in response to potential toxicants are provided by toxicogenetics. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play role not only phase I-dependent metabolism of xenobiotics but also metabolism of endogenous compounds. CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzymes, which are in phase I enzymes, are responsible for metabolic activation and detoxification of several chemical compounds. In the present study, it was determined the genotype and allele frequency of CYP1A1∗2A, CYP1A2∗1C, CYP1A2∗1F, CYP2E1 and CYP2E1∗6, very common and functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in Turkish healthy volunteers. It is believed that the determination of polymorphisms in the enzymes may be beneficial to prevent and reduce and adverse effects and death in response to drugs. The allele frequencies of these genes were 24%, 9%, 33%, 42%, and 12%, respectively. In the present study, the genotype profile of Turkish population was determined about critical enzymes for xenobiotic metabolism. It is suggested that the obtained results might be beneficial in order to dose adjustment of drugs and prevention of adverse reactions, and further investigation about mentioned enzymes and their polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Arici
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Beyazıt 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Beyazıt 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
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Shen ZT, Wu XH, Li B, Shen JS, Wang Z, Li J, Zhu XX. CYP2E1 Rsa Ι/Pst Ι polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis involving 10,947 subjects. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2136-42. [PMID: 25945422 PMCID: PMC4568918 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have examined the association between the CYP2E1 Rsa Ι/Pst Ι (rs3813867) polymorphism gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in various populations, but their results have been inconsistent. The PubMed and CNKI database was searched for case–control studies published up to October 2013. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In this meta-analysis, we assessed 23 published studies involving comprising 4727 lung cancer cases and 6220 controls of the association between CYP2E1 Rsa Ι/Pst Ι polymorphism and lung cancer risk. For the homozygote c2/c2 and c2 allele carriers (c1/c2 + c2/c2), the pooled ORs for all studies were 0.73(95% CI = 0.62–0.84; P = 0.005 for heterogeneity) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.77–0.92; P = 0.001 for heterogeneity) when compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype (c1/c1). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, the same significantly risks were found among Asians and mixed population for both the c2 allele carriers and homozygote c2/c2. However, no significant associations were found in Caucasian population all genetic models. This updated meta-analysis suggests that CYP2E1 Rsa Ι/Pst Ι c2 allele is a decreased risk factor for the developing lung cancer among Asians and mixed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Tian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Hu Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-shu Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Xu Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Pandey R, Mehrotra D, Catapano C, Choubey V, Sarin R, Mahdi AA, Singh S. Association of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid mutation with polymorphism in CYP2E1 gene in oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2015; 2:4-9. [PMID: 25756024 DOI: 10.1016/s2212-4268(12)60003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral carcinogenesis is a complex process affected by genetic as well as environmental factors. CYP2E1 gene is involved in metabolism of number of compounds and carcinogens. Its normal functioning is required for homeostasis of free radical. Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) is 10-100 times more susceptible to damage than nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA large scale deletions are well documented in oral cancer. However, the relationship between CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms and mtDNA damage is still not documented in literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case-control study involving 50 subjects was carried out. Deoxyribonucleic acid extraction was done from study subject tissue samples. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was done to confirm CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms. The PCR amplification was done for mtDNA 4977 bp deletion. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 11.5 with χ(2) tests. RESULTS c1c1 and DD polymorphisms are prevalent in North Indian population having oral cancer. These polymorphisms are significantly associated with mtDNA 4977 bp deletion. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial DNA damage induced by wild CYP2E1 forms and imperfect DNA repair in mtDNA may act synergistically to greatly enhance oral cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pandey
- Senior Research Fellow, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Carlo Catapano
- Professor and Director, Institute of Oncology Research, Switzerland
| | - Vimal Choubey
- Research Scholar, Department of Urology, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Professor and Director, ACTREC, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Stuti Singh
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Association between the CYP2E1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:545-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Glesse N, Rohr P, Monticielo OA, Rech TF, Brenol JCT, Xavier RM, Kvitko K, Chies JAB. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases and cytochrome P450 enzymes as susceptibility factors to systemic lupus erythematosus in southern Brazilian patients. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6167-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Chong ETJ, Lee CC, Chua KH, Chuah JA, Lee PC. RsaI but not DraI polymorphism in CYP2E1 gene increases the risk of gastrointestinal cancer in Malaysians: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004109. [PMID: 24394801 PMCID: PMC3902529 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to investigate the association of CYP2E1 C-1019T RsaI and T7678A DraI polymorphisms and factors such as age, gender and ethnicity to the risk of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) in Malaysians. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Malaysia. PARTICIPANTS 520 consented healthy blood donors with no previous GIC record and 175 patients with GIC. MEASUREMENTS C-1019T RsaI and T7678A DraI genotyping of CYP2E1 gene; direct sequencing. RESULTS This study reveals that the variant c2 allele and carrier with at least one c2 allele of C-1019T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly increased the risk of GIC but no significant association was found between T7678A SNP and combined analysis of C-1019T and T7678A SNPs to risk of GIC. The Malaysian Chinese had greater risk of GIC compared with the Malays, Indians and KadazanDusun. An increased risk of GIC was observed in individuals aged >40 years and women had a 2.22-fold and 1.58-fold increased risk of stomach and colorectal cancers, respectively, when compared with men. LIMITATIONS The future research should be conducted with a larger sample population and including the gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the rare c2 allele and carrier with at least one c2 allele of CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism significantly elevated the risk of GIC and may be used as a genetic biomarker for early screening of GIC in Malaysians. The risk age-group has been shifted to a younger age at 40s and women showed a significant greater risk of stomach and colorectal cancers than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tzyy Jiann Chong
- School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Chong Cin Lee
- School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jitt Aun Chuah
- Surgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Basma HA, Kobeissi LH, Jabbour ME, Moussa MA, Dhaini HR. CYP2E1 and NQO1 genotypes and bladder cancer risk in a Lebanese population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2013; 4:207-217. [PMID: 24319536 PMCID: PMC3852640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer incidence in Lebanon ranks among the highest in the world. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), and N-Acetyltransferase1 (NAT1), are drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) involved in the metabolism of carcinogens, such as arylamines and heterocyclic amines, implicated in bladder cancer. The present study attempts to investigate the role of these DMEs genetic polymorphism in bladder cancer risk among Lebanese men. 54 cases and 106 controls were recruited from two hospitals in Beirut. An interview-based questionnaire was administered to assess suspected environmental and occupational risk factors. PCR-RFLP was performed on blood-based DNA samples to determine DMEs genotypes. Associations between bladder cancer and putative risk factors were measured using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results showed CYP2E1 c1/c1, NAT1*14A, and smoking, to be risk factors for bladder cancer. No significant differences in frequency distribution of the NQO1 genotypes were found in cases versus controls. The odds of carrying the CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype were 4 times higher in cases compared to controls (OR=3.97, 95% CI: 0.48-32.7). The odds of carrying at least one NAT1*14A allele were 14 times higher in cases versus controls (OR=14.4, 95% CI: 1.016-204.9). Our study suggests CYP2E1 c1/c1, NAT1*14A, and smoking, as potential risk factors for bladder cancer in Lebanese. Further studies with larger samples must be conducted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Basma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BalamandBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Loulou H Kobeissi
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of ArizonaTucson, USA
| | - Michel E Jabbour
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital University Medical CenterBeirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hassan R Dhaini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BalamandBeirut, Lebanon
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Bansal S, Anandatheerthavarada HK, Prabu GK, Milne GL, Martin MV, Guengerich FP, Avadhani NG. Human cytochrome P450 2E1 mutations that alter mitochondrial targeting efficiency and susceptibility to ethanol-induced toxicity in cellular models. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:12627-44. [PMID: 23471973 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.452367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human polymorphisms in the 5'-upstream regulatory regions and also protein coding regions of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) are known to be associated with several diseases, including cancer and alcohol liver toxicity. In this study, we report novel mutations in the N-terminal protein targeting regions of CYP2E1 that markedly affect subcellular localization of the protein. Variant W23R/W30R protein (termed W23/30R) is preferentially targeted to mitochondria but very poorly to the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the L32N protein is preferentially targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum and poorly to mitochondria. These results explain the physiological significance of bimodal CYP targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria previously described. COS-7 cells and HepG2 cells stably expressing W23/30R mutations showed markedly increased alcohol toxicity in terms of increased production of reactive oxygen species, respiratory dysfunction, and loss of cytochrome c oxidase subunits and activity. Stable cells expressing the L32N variant, on the other hand, were relatively less responsive to alcohol-induced toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results further support our previous data, based on mutational studies involving altered targeting, indicating that mitochondria-targeted CYP2E1 plays an important role in alcohol liver toxicity. The results also provide an interesting new link to genetic variations affecting subcellular distribution of CYP2E1 with alcohol-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bansal
- Department of Animal Biology and the Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Shahriary GM, Galehdari H, Jalali A, Zanganeh F, Alavi SMR, Aghanoori MR. CYP2E1*5B, CYP2E1*6, CYP2E1*7B, CYP2E1*2, and CYP2E1*3 Allele Frequencies in Iranian Populations. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:6505-10. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Analysis of 4 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Relation to Cervical Dysplasia and Cancer Development Using a High-Throughput Ligation-Detection Reaction Procedure. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011; 21:1664-71. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e31822b6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHost genetic characteristics and environmental factors may correlate with risk for cervical cancer development. Here we describe a retrospective screening study for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genetic markersTP53, MTHFR, CYP1A1,andCYP2E1in 749 patients.MethodsA multiplex ligation-dependent polymerase chain reaction approach was applied. We used archived material from human papillomavirus tests and correlated SNP genotypes to the corresponding clinical data. Semantic integration was used to identify and evaluate the clinical status from electronic health records.ResultsAn association with cervical cancer and high-grade dysplasia was found for the rare homozygous CC genotype (rs4646903) inCYP1A1(odds ratio [OR], 8.862). Odds ratios were also significantly elevated for heterozygousMTHFRCT genotype (rs1801133; OR, 1.457). No significant association was found inTP53(rs1042522) andCYP2E1(rs3813867). In addition, we found smokers at higher risk (OR, 2.688) and identified pregnancies as a significant risk factor (OR, 1.54).ConclusionsOur protocol enables a feasible way for further retrospective large sample size evaluation of potential genetic markers. This study revealed genetic associations of a rare SNP genotype with cervical dysplasia in one of the largest patient sample to date that warrants further investigation.
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Albers AE, Chen C, Köberle B, Qian X, Klussmann JP, Wollenberg B, Kaufmann AM. Stem cells in squamous head and neck cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 81:224-40. [PMID: 21511490 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and other cancers have recently been related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSC are cancer initiating, sustaining and are mostly quiescent. Specific markers that vary considerably depending on tumor type or tissue of origin characterize putative CSC. Compared to the bulk tumor mass, CSC are less sensitive to chemo- and radiotherapy and may also have low immunogenicity. Therapeutic targeting of CSC may improve clinical outcome of HNSCC which has two distinct etiologies: infection of epithelial stem cells by high-risk types of the human papillomavirus, or long-term tobacco and alcohol abuse. Recent knowledge on the role of CSC in HNSCC is reviewed and where necessary parallels to CSC of other origin are drawn to give a more comprehensive picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E Albers
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Pohl HR, Scinicariello F. The impact of CYP2E1 genetic variability on risk assessment of VOC mixtures. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:364-74. [PMID: 21295098 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans are simultaneously exposed to multiple chemicals in the environment. Many of the chemicals use the same enzymes in their metabolic pathways. Competitive inhibition may occur as one of the possible interactions between the xenobiotics in human body. For example, many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are metabolized using P450 enzymes, specifically CYP2E1. Inheritable gene alterations may result in changes of function of the enzymes in different human subpopulations. Variations in quantity and/or quality of particular isoenzymes may cause differences in the metabolism of VOCs. These variations may cause higher sensitivity in certain populations. Using examples of three different mixtures, this review paper outlines the variances in CYP2E1 isoenzymes, effect of exposure to such mixtures on sensitive populations, and approaches to mixtures risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana R Pohl
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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23
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Deka M, Bose M, Baruah B, Bose PD, Medhi S, Bose S, Saikia A, Kar P. Role of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms association with hepatitis risk in Northeast India. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4800-8. [PMID: 20939108 PMCID: PMC2955249 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i38.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate hepatitis virus, genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions in predisposing patients to liver diseases in Northeast India. METHODS A total of 104 jaundice patients and 124 community controls were included. Serological analysis was performed by routine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nucleic acid testing for hepatitis viruses was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by PCR direct sequencing for viral genotyping. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) polymorphism was studied by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Nitrite and volatile nitrosamines in indigenous foods consumed routinely by the Northeast Indian ethnic population were estimated by Griess's reagent and GC-MS, respectively. RESULTS Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was predominantly prevalent (36.5%) in our cohort, followed by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis E virus (HEV) and hepatitis C virus. HBV genotype D and HEV genotype 1 were the most dominant. CYP2E1 c1/c2 genotype frequency was comparatively higher in alcoholic (P < 0.0001, OR = 30.5) and cryptogenic (P = 0.014, OR = 8.714) patients, and was associated with significantly higher hepatitis risk (P = 0.0.007, OR = 6.489). Mutant C allele of Cyp2E1 DraI frequency was comparatively higher in HAV (P = 0.006), alcoholic (P = 0.003) and cryptogenic (P = 0.014) cases, and was associated with overall hepatitis risk (P = 0.026, OR = 5.083). Indigenous foods, Gundruk, Kharoli, betel leaf and nuts were found to have the highest nitrite content. CONCLUSION Apart from viral factors, CYP2E1 polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of liver diseases in Northeast India. Indigenous foods that contain nitrite and nitrosamine might be an associated risk factor.
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Association between CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:758-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Tang K, Li X, Xing Q, Li W, Feng G, He L, Qin S. Genetic polymorphism analysis of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) in Chinese Han populations from four different geographic areas of Mainland China. Genomics 2010; 95:224-9. [PMID: 20100563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CYP2E1 is one of a superfamily of enzymes that play a central role in activating and detoxifying many xenobiotics and endogenous compounds thought to be involved in the development of several human diseases. Among other factors, individual susceptibility to developing these pathologies relies on genetic polymorphisms, which are related to ethnic differences, since the frequency of mutant genotypes varies in different populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic basis of CYP2E1 polymorphisms in the populations of four different geographical locations of China. Twenty-two different CYP2E1 polymorphisms, including six novel variants in promoter regions and a novel nonsense mutation, were identified. The frequencies of some polymorphisms and genotypes demonstrated significant differences among the four populations. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and tag SNP selection were performed. Haplotypes were analyzed within the selected tag SNPs. Tag SNP selection and haplotype distributions showed differences across the four populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefu Tang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Trafalis DT, Panteli ES, Grivas A, Tsigris C, Karamanakos PN. CYP2E1 and risk of chemically mediated cancers. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:307-19. [DOI: 10.1517/17425250903540238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhan P, Wang J, Zhang Y, Qiu LX, Zhao SF, Qian Q, Wei SZ, Yu LK, Song Y. CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I polymorphism is associated with lung cancer risk among Asians. Lung Cancer 2009; 69:19-25. [PMID: 19796841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic polymorphism of CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I is thought to have significant effect on lung cancer risk, but the results are inconsistent. In this meta-analysis, we assessed 21 published studies involving 9380 subjects of the association between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I polymorphism and lung cancer risk. For the homozygote c2/c2 and c2 allele carriers (c1/c2+c2/c2), the pooled ORs for all studies were 0.734 (95% CI=0.628-0.847; P=0.035 for heterogeneity) and 0.852 (95% CI=0.777-0.933; P=0.004 for heterogeneity) when compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype (c1/c1). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, the same significant risks were found among Asians for both the c2 allele carriers and homozygote c2/c2. Among mixed populations, only significant risk was associated with c2 allele carriers. No significant associations were found in all Caucasians genetic models. In the subgroup analyses by pathological types, for lung SC the ORs of the c2 allele carriers and the homozygote c2/c2 were 0.749 (95% CI=0.683-0.813; P=0.247 for heterogeneity) and 0.726 (95% CI=0.662-0.847; P=0.006 for heterogeneity), respectively. In the subgroup analyses by smoking status, there were no significant associations among smokers or non-smokers subgroup. This meta-analysis suggests that CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I c2 allele is a decreased risk factor for the developing lung cancer among Asians and lung SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhan
- The First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, 215 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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Ruwali M, Khan AJ, Shah PP, Singh AP, Pant MC, Parmar D. Cytochrome P450 2E1 and head and neck cancer: interaction with genetic and environmental risk factors. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:473-482. [PMID: 19334053 DOI: 10.1002/em.20488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present case-control study investigates the association of polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), involved in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens and alcohol, with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition, the interaction of CYP2E1 (CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6) with other genetic factors (null genotype of glutathione-S-Transferase M1, GSTM1, X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing Group I, XRCC1 (Arg194Trp), and environmental risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco in modifying HNSCC risk were investigated. Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay in a total of 350 male cases of HNSCC and an equal number of healthy male controls. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in HNSCC risk in cases with variant genotypes of CYP2E1*5B (RsaI) (O.R. 3.44; 95% C.I. 1.45-8.14) and CYP2E1*6 (DraI) (O.R. 1.76; 95% C.I. 1.28-2.41). Haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype T-A was associated with a greater than 10-fold increase in risk for HNSCC. Our data also revealed a several fold increase in HNSCC risk in cases carrying a combination of variant genotypes of CYP2E1 with the null genotype of GSTM1 or XRCC1 variant genotypes. Alcohol or tobacco use (both smoking and chewing) were also found to interact with variant genotypes of CYP2E1 in significantly enhancing HNSCC risk. This increase in risk associated with an interaction of CYP2E1 genotypes with GSTM1 or XRCC1 or with tobacco and alcohol use demonstrates the importance of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in the development of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munindra Ruwali
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CSIR, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Druesne-Pecollo N, Tehard B, Mallet Y, Gerber M, Norat T, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P. Alcohol and genetic polymorphisms: effect on risk of alcohol-related cancer. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:173-80. [PMID: 19185835 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Public health guidelines aim to limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages worldwide and the subsequent health burden. In particular, alcohol consumption is an avoidable risk factor for cancer. In human beings, ethanol in alcoholic drinks is mainly oxidised in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenases to acetaldehyde, and is further detoxified to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Functional variants in genes involved in alcohol metabolism result in differences between individuals in exposure to carcinogenic acetaldehyde, suggesting a possible interaction of genetic susceptibility and alcohol exposure in cancer. We reviewed available studies of the combined effects of alcohol drinking and genetic polymorphisms on alcohol-related cancer risk. Most available data were for polymorphisms in alcohol and folate metabolism. We give an overview of published studies on the combined effects of alcohol drinking and polymorphisms in genes for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), cytochrome P450 2E1, and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase on the risk of alcohol-related cancer. Current data lend support to a role of polymorphisms ADH1B and ALDH2 combined with alcohol consumption in cancer. Other available data are insufficient or inconclusive, highlighting the need for additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U 557, University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
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Neafsey P, Ginsberg G, Hattis D, Johns DO, Guyton KZ, Sonawane B. Genetic polymorphism in CYP2E1: Population distribution of CYP2E1 activity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2009; 12:362-388. [PMID: 20183527 DOI: 10.1080/10937400903158359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a key enzyme in the metabolic activation of a variety of toxicants including nitrosamines, benzene, vinyl chloride, and halogenated solvents such as trichloroethylene. CYP2E1 is also one of the enzymes that metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, and is induced by recent ethanol ingestion. There is evidence that interindividual variability in the expression and functional activity of this cytochrome (CYP) may be considerable. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2E1 were identified and linked to altered susceptibility to hepatic cirrhosis induced by ethanol and esophageal and other cancers in some epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how such polymorphisms affect CYP2E1 function and whether it is possible to construct a population distribution of CYP2E1 activity based upon the known effects of these polymorphisms and their frequency in the population. This analysis is part of the genetic polymorphism database project described in the lead article in this series and followed the approach described in that article (Ginsberg et al., 2009, this issue). Review of the literature found that there are a variety of CYP2E1 variant alleles but the functional significance of these variants is still unclear. Some, but not all, studies suggest that several upstream 5' flanking mutations affect gene expression and response to inducers such as ethanol or obesity. None of the coding-region variants consistently affects enzyme function. Part of the reason for conflicting evidence regarding genotype effect on phenotype may be due to the wide variety of exposures such as ethanol or dietary factors and physiological factors including body weight or diabetes that modulate CYP2E1 expression. In conclusion, evidence is too limited to support the development of a population distribution of CYP2E1 enzyme activity based upon genotypes. Health risk assessments may best rely upon data reporting interindividual variability in CYP2E1 function for input into physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models involving CYP2E1 substrates.
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Clewell HJ, Andersen ME. Applying Mode-of-Action and Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Contemporary Cancer Risk Assessments: An Example with Trichloroethylene. Crit Rev Toxicol 2008; 34:385-445. [PMID: 15560567 DOI: 10.1080/10408440490500795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment recently proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) provide an increased opportunity for the consideration of pharmacokinetic and mechanistic data in the risk assessment process. However, the greater flexibility of the new guidelines can also make their actual implementation for a particular chemical highly problematic. To illuminate the process of performing a cancer risk assessment under the new guidelines, the rationale for a state-of-the-science risk assessment for trichloroethylene (TCE) is presented. For TCE, there is evidence of increased cell proliferation due to receptor interaction or cytotoxicity in every instance in which tumors are observed, and most tumors represent an increase in the incidence of a commonly observed, species-specific lesion. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was applied to estimate target tissue doses for the three principal animal tumors associated with TCE exposure: liver, lung, and kidney. The lowest points of departure (lower bound estimates of the exposure associated with 10% tumor incidence) for lifetime human exposure to TCE were obtained for mouse liver tumors, assuming a mode of action primarily involving the mitogenicity of the metabolite trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The associated linear unit risk estimates for mouse liver tumors are 1.5 x 10(-6) for lifetime exposure to 1 microg TCE per cubic meter in air and 0.4 x 10(-6) for lifetime exposure to 1 microg TCE per liter in drinking water. However, these risk estimates ignore the evidence that the human is likely to be much less responsive than the mouse to the carcinogenic effects of TCA in the liver and that the carcinogenic effects of TCE are unlikely to occur at low environmental exposures. Based on consideration of the most plausible carcinogenic modes of action of TCE, a margin-of-exposure (MOE) approach would appear to be more appropriate. Applying an MOE of 1000, environmental exposures below 66 microg TCE per cubic meter in air and 265 microg TCE per liter in drinking water are considered unlikely to present a carcinogenic hazard to human health.
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Zhang Y, Liu Q, Liu Q, Duan H, Cheng J, Jiang S, Huang X, Leng S, He F, Zheng Y. Association between metabolic gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to peripheral nerve damage in workers exposed ton-hexane: A preliminary study. Biomarkers 2008; 11:61-9. [PMID: 16484137 DOI: 10.1080/13547500500451176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to n-hexane may result in peripheral neuropathy. 2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD) has been identified as a toxic metabolite of n-hexane. The CYP2E1, CYP1A1 and GST genes are involved in the formation of 2,5-hexanedione from n-hexane as well as the elimination of 2,5-HD-formed electrophile, and these genes are highly polymorphic in the general population. A nested case-control study in an industrial cohort was conducted to evaluate the associations between polymorphisms in these metabolic genes and n-hexane-induced peripheral nerve damage. The study subjects included 22 cases, who worked in a printing factory with symptoms of peripheral nerve damage, and 163 controls, who came from the same factory of cases. DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyping was conducted for CYP2E1 Pst, CYP2E1 Dra, CYP2E1 Ins96, CYP1A1 Msp, GSTT1 null, GSTM1 null and GSTP1 105V. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, sex, smoking and alcohol status. A significant association between Dra polymorphism and peripheral nerve damage was found. The frequency of CYP2E1 Dra homozygous mutation in the case group (18.2%) was higher than that in the control group (3.7%, p=0.015). Individuals with homozygote genotype (CC) of CYP2E1 Dra had a significantly higher risk of peripheral nerve damage compared with those with DD genotype (adjusted OR=?.58, 95% CI=1.32-23.65) after n-hexane exposure duration, sex, age, smoking and alcohol status were adjusted. No significant association was found that CYP2E1 Pst, CYP2E1 Ins96, CYP1A1 Msp, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP gene polymorphisms associated with the susceptibility of peripheral nerve damage. These findings suggested that CYP2E1 gene might increase the susceptibility to n-hexane-induced peripheral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Gao CM, Takezaki T, Wu JZ, Chen MB, Liu YT, Ding JH, Sugimura H, Cao J, Hamajima N, Tajima K. CYP2E1 Rsa I polymorphism impacts on risk of colorectal cancer association with smoking and alcohol drinking. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5725-30. [PMID: 17963298 PMCID: PMC4171258 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i43.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate associations between the Rsa I polymorphism of CYP2E1 and risk of colorectal cancer.
METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with 315 colorectal cancer cases (105 colon, 210 rectal) and 439 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. Genomic DNA samples were assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in CYP2E1 by PCR amplification followed by digestion with Rsa I. Information on smoking and alcohol drinking was collected using a questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model.
RESULTS: The proportional distribution of the CYP2E1 Rsa I c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 genotypes were 61.4%, 35.6% and 3.0% in controls, 60.6%, 33.7% and 5.8% in colon cancer cases, and 58.4%, 34.0% and 7.7% in rectal cancer cases, respectively. A significant difference was noted between controls and rectal cancer cases (P = 0.029), the c2/c2 genotype being associated with elevated OR (adjusted age, sex and status of the smoking and alcohol drinking) for rectal cancer (1.64, 95% CI, 1.12-2.41, vs c1 allele carriers), but not for colon cancer. In interaction analysis between the CYP2E1 Rsa I genotype and smoking and drinking habits, we found a significant cooperative action between the c2/c2 genotype and alcohol drinking in the sex-, age-adjusted ORs for both colon (4.74, 95% CI, 1.10-20.40) and rectal (5.75, 95% CI, 1.65-20.05) cancers. Among non-smokers, the CYP2E1 Rsa I c2/c2 genotype was also associated with elevated ORs in the two sites (1.95, 95% CI, 0.99-3.86 and 2.30, 95% CI, 1.32-3.99).
CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that the CYP2E1 c2/c2 genotype increases susceptibility to rectal cancer and the gene-environmental interactions between the CYP2E1 polymorphism and smoking or alcohol drinking exist for colorectal neoplasia in general.
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Ulusoy G, Arinç E, Adali O. Genotype and allele frequencies of polymorphic CYP2E1 in the Turkish population. Arch Toxicol 2007; 81:711-8. [PMID: 17380320 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-007-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) gene shows genetic polymorphisms that vary markedly in frequency among different ethnic and racial groups. We studied the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of three CYP2E1 polymorphisms: CYP2E1*5B (RsaI/PstI RFLP, C-1053T/G-1293C SNP, rs2031920 /rs3813867), CYP2E1*6 (DraI RFLP, T7632A SNP, rs6413432), and CYP2E1*7B (DdeI RFLP, G-71T SNP, rs6413420) by PCR/RFLP technique in a sample of 206 healthy subjects representing Turkish population. CYP2E1*5B polymorphism analysis yielded the genotype distribution as 96.12% for *1A/*1A (c1/c1), and 3.88% for *1A/*5B (c1/c2). The genotype frequencies for CYP2E1*6 polymorphism were found as 83.98% for *1A/*1A (T/T), 15.53% for *1A/*6 (T/A) and 0.49% for *6/*6 (A/A). For CYP2E1*7B (G-71T) polymorphism, the genotype frequencies were determined to be 86.89% for *1A/*1A (G/G), 12.62% for *1A/*7B (G/T) and 0.49% for *7B/*7B (T/T). Accordingly, the allele frequencies for *5B, *6 and *7B were 1.94, 8.25, and 6.80%, respectively. The genotype distributions of CYP2E1*5B and *6 in Turkish population were similar to those in other Caucasian populations, while differed significantly from East Asian populations. Recently, a novel and functionally important CYP2E1*7B polymorphism was identified in the promoter region. There have been few studies and limited data on CYP2E1*7B polymorphism frequency in the world and, so far, no information has been available for Turkish population. The genotype frequencies of CYP2E1*7B in Turkish population were found to be similar to those of other Caucasian populations. Population studies like this could be useful in assessing the susceptibility of different populations to chemical-induced diseases, including several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulen Ulusoy
- Biochemistry Graduate Programme and Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
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Ferreira PM, Catarino R, Pereira D, Matos A, Pinto D, Coelho A, Lopes C, Medeiros R. Cervical cancer and CYP2E1 polymorphisms: implications for molecular epidemiology. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 62:15-21. [PMID: 16372174 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-005-0066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Besides human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, several cofactors are considered important for the development of cervical cancer (CC). Among these, tobacco smoke, other sexually transmitted diseases, inflammation and nutritional factors have been intensively described. CYP2E1 polymorphisms have been associated with the metabolization of several carcinogens, some of them considered risk factors for CC development, such as tobacco smoke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CYP2E1 polymorphisms in the susceptibility to cervical cancer in a Portuguese population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The genotypic analysis was performed with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology, using peripheral blood samples of 454 individuals: 122 presented invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ICC), 59 presented squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), and the control population was composed of 274 healthy individuals. RESULTS Concerning the DraI polymorphism, we observed a decreased risk for the development of squamous cervical lesions in the presence of the C allele [odds ratio (OR)=0.600; 0.378<OR<0.952; p=0.029]. In the stratification of the analysis according to the mean age, we observed an increased risk for the development of SIL, for women older than 39 years of age, in the presence of the D allele (OR=0.087; 0.012<OR<0.651; p=0.003). Regarding the RsaI polymorphism, we did not find any significant differences. CONCLUSION The decreased risk observed for the development of SIL and not ICC in the presence of the D allele may indicate that CYP2E1 interferes with the initial steps of the carcinogenic process, probably due to its involvement in the action of immunological mediators, expressed during cervical inflammation. These aspects may help to define new therapeutic strategies for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Ferreira
- Oncologia Molecular-Laboratórios, Instituto Português de Oncologia-Porto, Piso 4, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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36
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van der Logt EMJ, Bergevoet SM, Roelofs HMJ, Te Morsche RHM, Dijk YV, Wobbes T, Nagengast FM, Peters WHM. Role of epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, cytochrome P450 2E1 or alcohol dehydrogenase genotypes in susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Mutat Res 2005; 593:39-49. [PMID: 16039674 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer in Western countries. CRC has been associated with genetic and lifestyle factors. Individual susceptibility to CRC may be due partly to variations in detoxification capacity in the gastrointestinal tract. Genetic polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes may result in variations in detoxification activities, which subsequently might influence the levels of toxic/carcinogenic compounds, and this may influence the risk for CRC. Therefore, we determined whether polymorphisms in the genes coding for microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH3) predispose to the development of CRC. DNA samples were obtained from 371 patients with sporadic CRC and 415 healthy controls. Patients and controls were all of Caucasian origin. All genetic polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction, eventually followed by restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism analyses, except for the EPHX1 codon 113 polymorphism, which was genotyped by an allele-specific discrimination assay. Calculation of crude Odds Ratios (ORs) revealed an increased risk for CRC associated with variant NQO1 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0) and CYP2E1 intron 6 genotypes (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.8). However, after adjustment for age and gender, logistic regression analyses only showed a statistically significant risk for CRC associated with variant NQO1 genotypes (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.03-2.4). No associations were found between CRC and the other polymorphic genes as mentioned above. In conclusion, these data suggest that the presence of variant NQO1 genotypes, with expected reduced enzyme activities might enhance susceptibility to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M J van der Logt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre, St. Radboud, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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37
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Abstract
It is regularly thought that human complex disorder susceptibility genes show differences in gene expression between normal and pathologic tissues. Thus, differences of transcript amounts could be indicative of complex disorder susceptibility loci and, therefore, be used for the discovery or the validation of human susceptibility genes to complex disorders/traits. Whether human complex disorder susceptibility genes effectively display differences in transcript amounts was tested by meta-analysis of the published literature comparing transcript amounts of well-validated human susceptibility genes to complex traits/disorders. A total of 94 gene-disease associations, which were studied in at least three independent studies and showed strong evidence of positive association, were analyzed. For 23 out of these 94 well-validated gene-disease associations, 120 gene expression studies comparing normal and pathologic human tissues were found. For 60 out of these 120 gene expression studies, the difference of level expression between normal and pathologic human tissues was statistically significant. This result was highly significant, as only 6 significant results were expected randomly under the null hypothesis (P < 10(-112)). A large excess of replication studies were also found, which were in agreement with the original report (P = 6 x 10(-4)). However, the overall level of expression change between normal and pathologic human tissues was relatively moderate, because only 36 (60%) and 19 (31.6%) out of the 62 statistically significant gene expression studies reached 2- or 3-fold changes in expression level, respectively. The present meta-analysis confirms statistical differences of expression levels between normal and pathologic human tissues for human susceptibility genes to complex traits/disorders. However, the levels of differences in transcript amounts appear to be relatively weak. These findings rationalize the use of gene expression for the discovery/validation of human susceptibility genes, but the weak differences of expression typically found should be taken into account for the design of such studies.
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38
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Wu PF, Chiang TA, Wang TN, Huang MS, Ho PS, Lee CH, Ko AMS, Ko YC. Birth cohort effect on lung cancer incidence in Taiwanese women 1981–1998. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:1170-7. [PMID: 15911241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has been the main cause of cancer-related mortality in Taiwanese women since 1986. Gradual increases in both awareness of risks and use of extractor fans in kitchens should reduce the incidence of this disease. To investigate the birth cohort effect on lung cancer incidence in Taiwanese women for 1981-1998, an age-period-cohort (APC) model analysis was employed to study the effects of age, time periods, birth cohorts and histological types of lung cancer. A significant increase in lung cancer incidence among women was found for the period 1981-1998 (r=0.96, P<0.05), principally of adenocarcinoma, then squamous cell carcinoma. Age is the strongest predictor according to the APC model. The birth cohort of 1917-1926 has the highest risk of lung cancer. However, in recent cohorts, particularly those born after 1956, the incidence has fallen. The declining incidence in younger cohorts may be due to the increased use of extractor fans in kitchens reducing exposure to carcinogenic fumes from cooking oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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39
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Lieber CS. The discovery of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and its physiologic and pathologic role. Drug Metab Rev 2005; 36:511-29. [PMID: 15554233 DOI: 10.1081/dmr-200033441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of ethanol via alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) explains various metabolic effects of ethanol but does not account for the tolerance. This fact, as well as the discovery of the proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) after chronic alcohol consumption, suggested the existence of an additional pathway which was then described by Lieber and DeCarli, namely the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS), involving cytochrome P450. The existence of this system was initially challenged but the effect of ethanol on liver microsomes was confirmed by Remmer and his group. After chronic ethanol consumption, the activity of the MEOS increases, with an associated rise in cytochrome P450, especially CYP2E1, most conclusively shown in alcohol dehydrogenase negative deer mice. There is also cross-induction of the metabolism of other drugs, resulting in drug tolerance. Furthermore, the conversion of hepatotoxic agents to toxic metabolites increases, which explains the enhanced susceptibility of alcoholics to the adverse effects of various xenobiotics, including industrial solvents. CYP2E1 also activates some commonly used drugs (such as acetaminophen) to their toxic metabolites, and promotes carcinogenesis. In addition, catabolism of retinol is accelerated resulting in its depletion. Contrasting with the stimulating effects of chronic consumption, acute ethanol intake inhibits the metabolism of other drugs. Moreover, metabolism by CYP2E1 results in a significant release of free radicals which, in turn, diminishes reduced glutathione (GSH) and other defense systems against oxidative stress which plays a major pathogenic role in alcoholic liver disease. CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, two other perivenular P450s, also sustain the metabolism of ethanol, thereby contributing to MEOS activity and possibly liver injury. CYP2E1 has also a physiologic role which comprises gluconeogenesis from ketones, oxidation of fatty acids, and detoxification of xenobiotics other than ethanol. Excess of these physiological substrates (such as seen in obesity and diabetes) also leads to CYP2E1 induction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with pathological lesions similar to those observed in alcoholic steatohepatitis. Increases of CYP2E1 and its mRNA prevail in the perivenular zone, the area of maximal liver damage. CYP2E1 up-regulation was also demonstrated in obese patients as well as in rat models of obesity and NASH. Furthermore, NASH is increasingly recognized as a precursor to more severe liver disease, sometimes evolving into "cryptogenic" cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD averages 20% and that of NASH 2% to 3% in the general population, making these conditions the most common liver diseases in the United States. Considering the pathogenic role that up-regulation of CYP2E1 also plays in alcoholic liver disease (vide supra), it is apparent that a major therapeutic challenge is now to find a way to control this toxic process. CYP2E1 inhibitors oppose alcohol-induced liver damage, but heretofore available compounds are too toxic for clinical use. Recently, however, polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), an innocuous mixture of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines extracted from soybeans (and its active component dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine), were discovered to decrease CYP2E1 activity. PPC also opposes hepatic oxidative stress and fibrosis. It is now being tested clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Lieber
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Section of Liver Disease and Nutrition and Alcohol Research Center, Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
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Sobti RC, Sharma S, Joshi A, Jindal SK, Janmeja A. Genetic polymorphism of the CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and lung cancer susceptibility in a north indian population. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 266:1-9. [PMID: 15646021 DOI: 10.1023/b:mcbi.0000049127.33458.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were evaluated in north Indian lung cancer patients and controls. The estimated relative risk for lung cancer associated with the CYP1A1*2C allele was 2.68. Apart from the CYP1A1*2C genotype, there was no attributable risk in relation to other genotypes when analyzed singly. However, in the presence of a single copy of the variant CYP1A1 (CYP1A1*1/2A) and null GSTT1 genes, there was a three-fold increased risk for lung cancer; when stratified histologically the relative risk increased to 3.7 in case of SQCC. Similarly individuals carrying the mutant CYP1A1*2C genotype and single copy of the variant CYP1A1 Mspl allele, had a relative risk of 2.85 for lung cancer. In case of the GSTM1 and CYP1A1 genotypes, null GSTM1 and variant Msp1 alleles had two-fold elevated risk for SQCC. On the other hand CYP1A1*2C and null GSTM1 genotype had a 3.5-fold elevated risk for SCLC. Stratified analysis indicated a multiplicative interaction between tobacco smoking and variant CYP1A1 genotypes on the risk for SQCC and SCLC. The heavy smokers (BI > 400) with CYP1A1*2C genotype were at a very high risk to develop SCLC with an OR of 29.30 (95% CI = 2.42-355, p = 0.008). Taken together, these findings, the first to be analyzed in north Indian population, suggest that combined GSTT1 , GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms could be susceptible to lung cancer induced by bidi (an Indian cigarette) smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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41
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Abstract
Most tissues of the body contain enzymes capable of ethanol oxidation or nonoxidative metabolism, but significant activity occurs only in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the stomach. Hence, medical consequences are predominant in these organs. In the liver, ethanol oxidation generates an excess of reducing equivalents, primarily as NADH, causing hepatotoxicity. An additional system, containing cytochromes P-450 inducible by chronic alcohol feeding, was demonstrated in liver microsomes and found to be a major cause of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Lieber
- Bronx VA Medical Center (151-2), 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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Haque AK, Au W, Cajas-Salazar N, Khan S, Ginzel AW, Jones DV, Zwischenberger JB, Xie J. CYP2E1 Polymorphism, Cigarette Smoking, p53 Expression, and Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2004; 12:315-22. [PMID: 15536330 DOI: 10.1097/00129039-200412000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The expression of selected gene products involved in cell differentiation and cell growth and genetic polymorphism of detoxifying genes was examined in 105 surgically resected nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and the relationship of these factors was correlated with cigarette smoking and patient survival. Genotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 87 patients was performed for CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1, mEH, and MPO detoxifying genes using polymerase chain reaction. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was immunostained with antibodies to p53, p27, phospho-AKT, and bcl-2 using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method and tissue microarray technique. Tumors were assigned a positive or negative score based on more than 10% of tumor cells staining positive with the antibody. The subtypes of NSCLC included 48 adenocarcinomas, 47 squamous cell carcinomas, and 10 large cell undifferentiated carcinomas. A total of 54 tumors were pathologic stage I, 23 were stage II, and 26 were stage III. All subjects smoked (range, 10-175 pack-years; mean, 60 pack-years). The mean overall survival was 112 weeks (median, 129 weeks). Patients with p53-positive tumors had significantly fewer pack-years of smoking (52 pack-years vs 72 pack-years; P = 0.021), smoked fewer years (34 years vs 40 years; P = 0.018), and had significantly better survival compared with those with p53-negative tumors (P = 0.045). When smoking history was further analyzed, the authors found that p53 expression was associated with the number of years smoked and not the number of packs smoked per day. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had smoked longer compared with those with adenocarcinoma (P = 0.011). Significant association was seen between the CYP2E1 wild-type allele and better survival (P = 0.016). Patients with stage I tumors had better survival compared with stages II and III (P = 0.032). No association was found between survival and tumor type; tumor differentiation; expression of phospho-AKT, p27, and bcl-2; and polymorphic metabolizing genes other than CYP2E1. The significant association of long duration of smoking (>40 years) with loss of p53 expression and poor survival suggests inactivation of the protective p53 pathway in those who had a history of more than 40 years of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida K Haque
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Wu PF, Lee CH, Wang MJ, Goggins WB, Chiang TA, Huang MS, Ko YC. Cancer aggregation and complex segregation analysis of families with female non-smoking lung cancer probands in Taiwan. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:260-6. [PMID: 14728941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that having a first-degree blood relative with lung cancer was a possible predictor of lung cancer risk, but some studies have indicated that the association is non-significant or only significant for a subset of the studied population. To determine the familial aggregation and whether there is any evidence for a gene controlling the susceptibility to developing lung cancer in female non-smokers, multiple logistic regression methods for estimating covariate effects and maximum likelihood segregation analyses were performed using data from 216 female non-smoking lung cancer probands (2328 individuals) in a population-based case-control study. Having a family history of lung cancer was found to be a significant predictor of lung cancer for non-smoking females (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR)=5.7, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=1.9-16.9). Having a female relative with lung cancer (adjusted OR=14.4, 95% CI=2.7-75.5) was more strongly associated with the lung cancer risk than was having a male relative with lung cancer. This association was stronger for probands aged less than 60 years at onset (adjusted OR=11.2, 95% CI=2.2-56.9). All of the Mendelian models fitted the data significantly better than the sporadic (no major type) model or the environmental model (P<0.00l). The Mendelian codominant models provided the best fit of the data for the early onset probands and showed a stronger effect for a major susceptibility locus for non-smoking lung cancer probands. The results of this study provide evidence that a rare autosomal codominant gene may influence the risk lung cancer in non-smoker and is responsible for the familial aggregation observed in non-smoking lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-F Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Park GT, Lee OY, Kwon SJ, Lee CG, Yoon BC, Hahm JS, Lee MH, Hoo Lee D, Kee CS, Sun HS. Analysis of CYP2E1 polymorphism for the determination of genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer in Koreans. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18:1257-63. [PMID: 14535982 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual genetic differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogens are among the most important host factors in human cancer. The present study was undertaken to reveal the association between the polymorphism of CYP2E1 (CYP2E1/PstI and CYP2E1/DraI) with genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer development in Koreans. METHODS In the present study, 120 gastric cancer patients and 145 controls with no history of tumors were analyzed. CYP2E1 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP), or PCR and direct gel electrophoresis. RESULTS The overall genotype distribution of CYP2E1 was not significantly different from that of controls. However, the genotype distribution of the patient subgroups with a history of heavy cigarette smoking (>30 pack/year) in the CYP2E1/PstI and CYP2E1/DraI polymorphisms were significantly different from those of non-smoking patients (P = 0.0122 and P = 0.0029, respectively). The difference was also noticeable in the younger patient subgroup (aged </=50 years) compared with normal controls (P = 0.0414) in the CYP2E1/PstI. The relative risk estimation for the combination of the CYP2E1/PstI and CYP2E1/DraI polymorphisms revealed that the odds ratio for individuals with homozygotes of rare alleles (c2/c2, C/C) was 5.6 (95% confidence interval = 0.9-39.1). CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest the possible involvement of the CYP2E1 polymorphism in smoking-induced gastric cancer development in Koreans as one of the risk factors which increases genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Tae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Qiu LO, Linder MW, Antonino-Green DM, Valdes R. Suppression of cytochrome P450 2E1 promoter activity by interferon-gamma and loss of response due to the -71G>T nucleotide polymorphism of the CYP2E1*7B allele. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 308:284-8. [PMID: 14566010 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.057208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CYP2E1*7B allele is defined by two nucleotide sequence polymorphisms, -71G>T and -333T>A. The CYP2E1 promoter sequence flanking the -71G nucleotide is consistent with a gamma-interferon activated sequence. Inflammation and interferon (IFN)-gamma suppress expression of CYP2E1 in vivo; however, the exact mechanism is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the CYP2E1 promoter is regulated by IFN-gamma and to examine the influence of the nucleotide substitutions on this function. Treatment of HepG2 cells with IFN-gamma, after transient transfection with a luciferase reporter gene bearing the native CYP2E1 (-71G) promoter sequence resulted, in a dose-dependent reduction of luciferase activity. In contrast, no suppression was observed in cells transfected with the *7B allele promoter (-333A and -71T) nor a CYP2E1 plasmid containing only the -71T polymorphism. These data indicate that IFN-gamma suppresses native CYP2E1 promoter activity and that the -71G is critical for this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling O Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Abstract
Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous category of chemicals specifically designed for the control of pests, weeds or plant diseases. Pesticides have been considered potential chemical mutagens: experimental data revealed that various agrochemical ingredients possess mutagenic properties inducing mutations, chromosomal alterations or DNA damage. Biological monitoring provides a useful tool to estimate the genetic risk deriving from an integrated exposure to a complex mixture of chemicals. Studies available in scientific literature have essentially focused on cytogenetic end-points to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of pesticides in occupationally exposed populations, including pesticide manufacturing workers, pesticide applicators, floriculturists and farm workers. A positive association between occupational exposure to complex pesticide mixtures and the presence of chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) has been detected in the majority of the studies, although a number of these failed to detect cytogenetic damage. Conflicting results from cytogenetic studies reflect the heterogeneity of the groups studied with regard to chemicals used and exposure conditions. Genetic damage associated with pesticides occurs in human populations subject to high exposure levels due to intensive use, misuse or failure of control measures. The majority of studies on cytogenetic biomarkers in pesticide-exposed workers have indicated some dose-dependent effects, with increasing duration or intensity of exposure. Chromosomal damage induced by pesticides appears to have been transient in acute or discontinuous exposure, but cumulative in continuous exposure to complex agrochemical mixtures. Data available at present on the effect of genetic polymorphism on susceptibility to pesticides does not allow any conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Toxicological Evaluation Unit, National Cancer Research Institute, Genova, Italy.
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Thier R, Brüning T, Roos PH, Rihs HP, Golka K, Ko Y, Bolt HM. Markers of genetic susceptibility in human environmental hygiene and toxicology: the role of selected CYP, NAT and GST genes. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2003; 206:149-71. [PMID: 12872524 DOI: 10.1078/1438-4639-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inherited genetic traits co-determine the susceptibility of an individual to a toxic chemical. Special emphasis has been put on individual responses to environmental and industrial carcinogens, but other chronic diseases are of increasing interest. Polymorphisms of relevant xenobiotic metabolising enzymes may be used as toxicological susceptibility markers. A growing number of genes encoding enzymes involved in biotransformation of toxicants and in cellular defence against toxicant-induced damage to the cells has been identified and cloned, leading to increased knowledge of allelic variants of genes and genetic defects that may result in a differential susceptibility toward environmental toxicants. "Low penetrating" polymorphisms in metabolism genes tend to be much more common in the population than allelic variants of "high penetrating" cancer genes, and are therefore of considerable importance from a public health point of view. Positive associations between cancer and CYP1A1 alleles, in particular the *2C I462V allele, were found for tissues following the aerodigestive tract. Again, in most cases, the effect of the variant CYP1A1 allele becomes apparent or clearer in connection with the GSTM1 null allele. The CYP1B1 codon 432 polymorphism (CYP1B1*3) has been identified as a susceptibility factor in smoking-related head-and-neck squameous cell cancer. The impact of this polymorphic variant of CYP1B1 on cancer risk was also reflected by an association with the frequency of somatic mutations of the p53 gene. Combined genotype analysis of CYP1B1 and the glutathione transferases GSTM1 or GSTT1 has also pointed to interactive effects. Of particular interest for the industrial and environmental field is the isozyme CYP2E1. Several genotypes of this isozyme have been characterised which seem to be associated with different levels of expression of enzyme activity. The acetylator status for NAT2 can be determined by genotyping or by phenotyping. In the pathogenesis of human bladder cancer due to occupational exposure to "classical" aromatic amines (benzidine, 4-aminodiphenyl, 1-naphthylamine) acetylation by NAT2 is regarded as a detoxication step. Interestingly, the underlying European findings of a higher susceptibility of slow acetylators towards aromatic amines are in contrast to findings in Chinese workers occupationally exposed to aromatic amines which points to different mechanisms of susceptibility between European and Chinese populations. Regarding human bladder cancer, the hypothesis has been put forward that genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 might be linked with the occurrence of this tumour type. This supports the hypothesis that exposure to PAH might causally be involved in urothelial cancers. The human polymorphic GST catalysing conjugation of halomethanes, dihalomethanes, ethylene oxide and a number of other industrial compounds could be characterised as a class theta enzyme (GSTT1) by means of molecular biology. "Conjugator" and "non-conjugator" phenotypes are coincident with the presence and absence of the GSTT1 gene. There are wide variations in the frequencies of GSTT1 deletion (GSTT1*0/0) among different ethnicities. Human phenotyping is facilitated by the GST activity towards methyl bromide or ethylene oxide in erythrocytes which is representative of the metabolic GSTT1 competence of the entire organism. Inter-individual variations in xenobiotic metabolism capacities may be due to polymorphisms of the genes coding for the enzymes themselves or of the genes coding for the receptors or transcription factors which regulate the expression of the enzymes. Also, polymorphisms in several regions of genes may cause altered ligand affinity, transactivation activity or expression levels of the receptor subsequently influencing the expression of the downstream target genes. Studies of individual susceptibility to toxicants and gene-environment interaction are now emerging as an important component of molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Thier
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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Ferreira PM, Medeiros R, Vasconcelos A, Costa S, Pinto D, Morais A, Oliveira J, Lopes C. Association between CYP2E1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2003; 12:205-11. [PMID: 12771559 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200306000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Several genetic alterations have been associated with sporadic prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, the association between RsaI and DraI polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and PCa risk was analysed in a case-control study of 227 individuals using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Regarding DraI polymorphisms, the DD genotype is over-represented in PCa cases when compared with the control group (odds ratio (OR) 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-4.05; P=0.022). Regarding the RsaI polymorphism, no significant differences were found. The results of this study indicate that DraI polymorphisms of the CYP2E1 gene may be associated with a twofold increased risk for the development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Ferreira
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Portugal.
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49
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Sikdar N, Mahmud SA, Paul RR, Roy B. Polymorphism in CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 genes and susceptibility to leukoplakia in Indian tobacco users. Cancer Lett 2003; 195:33-42. [PMID: 12767509 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inter-individual genetic differences may contribute to differences in susceptibility to human diseases triggered by environmental exposures. In this study, we investigated polymorphisms at two sites in the CYP1A1 and three sites in the CYP2E1 genes in 99 leukoplakia patients and 227 controls from one Indian population. The frequencies of genotypes at these polymorphic sites (MspI and Ileu/Val) in the CYP1A1 and (PstI, RsaI and DraI) in the CYP2E1 genes, were similar in patient and control groups. But the combined rare and heterozygous genotypes (CC+CD) at the DraI site in the CYP2E1 gene were over-represented among patients compared with controls (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.21-3.35). Light tobacco smokers (i.e. <21 pack-year) and light tobacco chewers (i.e. <104 chewing-year) with a "rare" C allele at the DraI site had high risk of leukoplakia (OR=2.88, 95% CI=1.16-7.22; OR=2.94, 95% CI=1.15-7.65, respectively). The "mixed tobacco" users with "rare" C allele are more susceptible to the disease than "exclusive" tobacco smokers and chewers. The results indicate that the "rare" C allele at the DraI polymorphic site in CYP2E1 gene may enhance susceptibility to leukoplakia among tobacco users in this population. But the low sample size limited the power to precisely estimate the tobacco-genotype interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilabja Sikdar
- Anthropology and Human Genetics Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
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50
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Wang J, Deng Y, Li L, Kuriki K, Ding J, Pan X, Zhuge X, Jiang J, Luo C, Lin P, Tokudome S. Association of GSTM1, CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma: a case-control study in Chinese population. Cancer Sci 2003; 94:448-52. [PMID: 12824892 PMCID: PMC11160285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2002] [Revised: 03/06/2003] [Accepted: 03/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A case-control study of 164 lung adenocarcinoma (AC) patients with 181 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was conducted in order to assess any associations between glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung AC in Chinese. The presence of CYP2E1 variant allele was significantly less frequent in cases than in controls, while the distribution of GSTM1 null genotype and variant CYP1A1 Msp1 allele did not vary between cases and controls. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking and all other genotypes, the CYP2E1 Rsa1 variant allele was significantly associated with decreased risk of lung AC [odds ratio 0.534 (95% confidence interval, 0.340-0.837)]. Furthermore, 3.0-fold increased risk was found in individuals with combined GSTM1 null genotype and CYP2E1 Rsa1 wild type versus those with combined GSTM1 non-null type and CYP2E1 variant allele. Our results suggest that CYP2E1 Rsa1 variant allele is associated with a decreased risk of lung AC, and combined GSTM1 null genotype and CYP2E1 Rsa1 wild type has a promoting effect on susceptibility to lung AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Department of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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