1
|
Gougoula E, Cummings CN, Medcraft C, Heitkämper J, Walker NR. Microwave spectra, molecular geometries, and internal rotation of CH 3 in N-methylimidazole⋯H 2O and 2-methylimidazole⋯H 2O Complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12354-12362. [PMID: 35551286 PMCID: PMC9131724 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Broadband microwave spectra have been recorded between 7.0 and 18.5 GHz for N-methylimidazole⋯H2O and 2-methylimidazole⋯H2O complexes. Each complex was generated by co-expansion of low concentrations of methylimidazole and H2O in argon buffer gas. The rotational spectra of five isotopologues of each complex have been assigned and analysed to determine rotational constants (A0, B0, C0), centrifugal distortion constants (DJ, DJK) and parameters that describe the internal rotation of the CH3 group. The results allow the determination of parameters in the (r0) molecular geometry of each complex. H2O is the hydrogen bond donor and the pyridinic nitrogen of imidazole is the hydrogen bond acceptor in each case. The ∠(O–Hb⋯N3) angles are 177(5)° and 166.3(28)° for N-methylimidazole⋯H2O and 2-methylimidazole⋯H2O respectively. These results are consistent with the presence of a weak electrostatic interaction between the oxygen atom of H2O and the hydrogen atom (or CH3 group) attached to the C2 carbon atom of imidazole, and with the results of density functional theory calculations. The (V3) barrier to internal rotation of the CH3 group within N-methylimidazole⋯H2O is essentially unchanged from the value of this parameter for the N-methylimidazole monomer. The same parameter is significantly higher for the 2-methylimidazole⋯H2O complex than for the 2-methylimidazole monomer as a consequence of the weak electrostatic interaction between the O atom and the CH3 group of 2-methylimidazole. Broadband microwave spectra have been recorded between 7.0 and 18.5 GHz for N-methylimidazole⋯H2O and 2-methylimidazole⋯H2O complexes.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gougoula
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte N Cummings
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Chris Medcraft
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Juliane Heitkämper
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicholas R Walker
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Xu F, Hu J, Zhang H, Cui L, Lu W, He W, Wang X, Li M, Zhang H, Xiong W, Xie C, Liu Y, Zhou P, Liu J, Huang P, Qin XF, Xia X. Modulation of lactate-lysosome axis in dendritic cells by clotrimazole potentiates antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002155. [PMID: 34016722 PMCID: PMC8141455 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in antitumor immunity, but the therapeutic efficacy of DC-mediated cancer vaccine remains low, partly due to unsustainable DC function in tumor antigen presentation. Thus, identifying drugs that could enhance DC-based antitumor immunity and uncovering the underlying mechanism may provide new therapeutic options for cancer immunotherapy. METHODS In vitro antigen presentation assay was used for DC-modulating drug screening. The function of DC and T cells was measured by flow cytometry, ELISA, or qPCR. B16, MC38, CT26 tumor models and C57BL/6, Balb/c, nude, and Batf3-/- mice were used to analyze the in vivo therapy efficacy and impact on tumor immune microenvironment by clotrimazole treatment. RESULTS By screening a group of small molecule inhibitors and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, we identified that clotrimazole, an antifungal drug, could promote DC-mediated antigen presentation and enhance T cell response. Mechanistically, clotrimazole acted on hexokinase 2 to regulate lactate metabolic production and enhanced the lysosome pathway and Chop expression in DCs subsequently induced DC maturation and T cell activation. Importantly, in vivo clotrimazole administration induced intratumor immune infiltration and inhibited tumor growth depending on both DCs and CD8+ T cells and potentiated the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that clotrimazole could trigger DC activation via the lactate-lysosome axis to promote antigen cross-presentation and could be used as a potential combination therapy approach to improving the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clotrimazole/pharmacology
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Hexokinase/metabolism
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immunomodulating Agents/pharmacology
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lysosomes/drug effects
- Lysosomes/immunology
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transcription Factor CHOP/metabolism
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zining Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Frank Qin
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
KAVAKCIOĞLU YARDIMCI B. Imidazole Antifungals: A Review of Their Action Mechanisms on Cancerous Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2020. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.714310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
4
|
Steinemann G, Dittmer A, Schmidt J, Josuttis D, Fähling M, Biersack B, Beindorff N, Jolante Koziolek E, Schobert R, Brenner W, Müller T, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M. Antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of the novel chimeric inhibitor animacroxam in testicular germ cell cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2679-2696. [PMID: 31583820 PMCID: PMC6887589 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric inhibitors, which merge two drug pharmacophores in a single molecule have become a prominent approach for the design of novel anticancer compounds. Here, we examined animacroxam, which combines histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and cytoskeleton‐interfering pharmacophores, in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). The effectiveness of animacroxam was compared to that of the commonly applied chemotherapeutic cisplatin as well as the clinically approved HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. The antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam on TGCT in vivo were assessed through exploratory animal studies and a modified chorioallantoic membrane assay, revealing that animacroxam has significant antitumor activity in TGCT. A novel positron emission tomography/MR‐imaging approach was applied to determine tumor volume and glucose [2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (18F‐FDG)] uptake in TGCT tumors, revealing reduced glucose uptake in animacroxam‐treated TGCTs and showing a dose‐dependent suppression of glycolytic enzymes, which led to a breakdown in glycolytic energy production. Furthermore, the observed antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam were related to its ability to inhibit endothelial cell–cell communication, as the expression of gap junction‐forming connexin 43 was strongly suppressed, and gap‐junctional intercellular mass transport was reduced. Our data suggest that the chimeric HDAC inhibitor animacroxam may become a promising candidate for the treatment of solid cancers and may serve as an interesting alternative to platinum‐based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Steinemann
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dittmer
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Schmidt
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - David Josuttis
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fähling
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Beindorff
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Jolante Koziolek
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Clinic of Internal Medicine IV - Hematology and Oncology Division, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Kuang D, Zhao X, Chen D, Wang X, Yang Q, Wan J, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Tang Q, Masuzawa M, Wang G, Duan Y. miR-497-5p inhibits cell proliferation and invasion by targeting KCa3.1 in angiosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58148-58161. [PMID: 27531900 PMCID: PMC5295420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor with poor prognosis. We aimed to identify malignancy-associated miRNAs and their target genes, and explore biological functions of miRNA and its target in angiosarcoma. By miRNA microarrays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we identified 1 up-regulated miRNA (miR-222-3p) and 3 down-regulated miRNAs (miR-497-5p, miR-378-3p and miR-483-5p) in human angiosarcomas compared with human capillary hemangiomas. The intermediate-conductance calcium activated potassium channel KCa3.1 was one of the putative target genes of miR-497-5p, and marked up-regulation of KCa3.1 was detected in angiosarcoma biopsy specimens by immunohistochemistry. The inverse correlation of miR-497-5p and KCa3.1 also was observed in the ISO-HAS angiosarcoma cell line at the mRNA and protein levels. The direct targeting of KCa3.1 by miR-497-5p was evidenced by reduced luciferase activity due to complementary binding of miR-497-5p to KCa3.1 mRNA 3′ untranslated region. For the functional role of miR-497-5p/KCa3.1 pair, we showed that application of TRAM-34, a specific KCa3.1 channel blocker, or transfection of ISO-HAS cells with KCa3.1 siRNA or miR-497-5p mimics inhibited cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and invasion by down-regulating cell-cycle related proteins including cyclin D1, surviving and P53 and down-regulating matrix metallopeptidase 9. In an in vivo angiosarcoma xenograft model, TRAM-34 or miR-497-5p mimics both inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion, the tumor suppressor miR-497-5p down-regulates KCa3.1 expression and contributes to the inhibition of angiosarcoma malignancy development. The miR-497-5p or KCa3.1 might be potential new targets for angiosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaobing Chen
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuanli Zhu
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mikio Masuzawa
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Minamiku, Sagamihara Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yaqi Duan
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Motawi TMK, Sadik NAH, Fahim SA, Shouman SA. Combination of imatinib and clotrimazole enhances cell growth inhibition in T47D breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 233:147-56. [PMID: 25863232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used as targeted cancer therapy. However, mono-targeting by IM does not always achieve full tumor eradication and thus it is recommended to combine IM with other anticancer agents. Clotrimazole (CLT) is an antifungal azole derivative with promising anticancer effects due to inhibiting the activity of glycolytic enzymes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of combining CLT with IM on breast cancer cell line in an attempt to establish effective new combination. T47D human breast cancer cell line was treated with different concentrations of IM and/or CLT for 48 h. IM-CLT interaction was determined by isobologram equation and combination index. Cell viability was confirmed by measuring LDH activity. As indicators of glycolysis inhibition, the expression of hexokinase-2 (HK-2) and 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1) plus the activity of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were determined. In addition, glucose consumption and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production were measured. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-α) were also determined as they are modulators for glycolysis. This study demonstrated that IM or CLT synergistically inhibited cell growth in T47D as shown by combination and dose reduction indices. The combination of 15 μM IM and 20 μM CLT significantly decreased glucose consumption, activity of both PK and intracellular LDH, while increased leaked LDH, VEGF and NO in the medium compared to each drug alone. Furthermore the combination decreased gene expression of HK-2, PFK-1 and ATP content compared to the control. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of CLT on IM cytotoxicity in T47D cell line maybe mediated through inhibition of glycolysis and increasing both NO and VEGF. Further studies are required to confirm the efficiency and safety of this combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M K Motawi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin A H Sadik
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally A Fahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chou CC, Lunn CA, Murgolo NJ. KCa3.1: target and marker for cancer, autoimmune disorder and vascular inflammation? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 8:179-87. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
8
|
The inhibitor of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels TRAM-34 blocks growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA and nuclear factor-kappaB. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:452-7. [PMID: 23054207 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy still demanding for novel therapeutic options. Since the ion channel inhibitor TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole) was shown to block growth in various cancer cells, we investigated anti-tumor effects of TRAM-34 in human HCC cell lines. We found that TRAM-34 reduced HCC cell proliferation without induction of apoptosis. This was due to a decreased mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and a reduced activation of NF-kappaB, which both are implicated in the development of HCC. Therefore, TRAM-34 might represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Samuel S, Loftus EV, Sandborn WJ. The effects of itraconazole on inflammatory bowel disease activity in patients treated for histoplasmosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:1207-9. [PMID: 21039684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Rapid-response splicing reporter screens identify differential regulators of constitutive and alternative splicing. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:1718-28. [PMID: 20123975 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01301-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds have been invaluable for dissecting the mechanisms, regulation, and functions of cellular processes. However, very few such reagents have been described for pre-mRNA splicing. To facilitate their systematic discovery, we developed a high-throughput cell-based assay that measures pre-mRNA splicing by utilizing a quantitative reporter system with advantageous features. The reporter, consisting of a destabilized, intron-containing luciferase expressed from a short-lived mRNA, allows rapid screens (<4 h), thereby obviating the potential toxicity of splicing inhibitors. We describe three inhibitors (out of >23,000 screened), all pharmacologically active: clotrimazole, flunarizine, and chlorhexidine. Interestingly, none was a general splicing inhibitor. Rather, each caused distinct splicing changes of numerous genes. We further discovered the target of action of chlorhexidine and show that it is a selective inhibitor of specific Cdc2-like kinases (Clks) that phosphorylate serine-arginine-rich (SR) protein splicing factors. Our findings reveal unexpected activities of clinically used drugs in splicing and uncover differential regulation of constitutively spliced introns.
Collapse
|
11
|
Inhibitory effects of clotrimazole on TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression and angiogenesis. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:593-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
12
|
Thapa D, Lee JS, Park SY, Bae YH, Bae SK, Kwon JB, Kim KJ, Kwak MK, Park YJ, Choi HG, Kim JA. Clotrimazole ameliorates intestinal inflammation and abnormal angiogenesis by inhibiting interleukin-8 expression through a nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent manner. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 327:353-64. [PMID: 18728240 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.141887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased interleukin (IL)-8 plays an important role not only in activation and recruitment of neutrophils but also in inducing exaggerated angiogenesis at the inflamed site. In the present study, we investigated the fact that clotrimazole (CLT) inhibits intestinal inflammation, and the inhibitory action is mediated through suppression of IL-8 expression. In the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis model, CLT dose-dependently protected from the TNBS-induced weight loss, colon ulceration, and myeloperoxidase activity increase. In the lesion site, CLT also suppressed the TNBS-induced angiogenesis, IL-8 expression, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. In a cellular model of colitis using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated HT29 colon epithelial cells, treatment with CLT significantly suppressed TNF-alpha-mediated IL-8 induction and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity revealed by a luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, cotreatment with CLT and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, synergistically reduced the NF-kappaB transcriptional activity as well as IL-8 expression. In an in vitro angiogenesis assay, CLT suppressed IL-8-induced proliferation, tube formation, and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The in vivo angiogenesis assay using chick chorioallantoic membrane also showed that CLT significantly inhibited the IL-8-induced formation of new blood vessels. Taken together, these results suggest that CLT may prevent the progression of intestinal inflammation by not only down-regulating IL-8 expression but also inhibiting the action of IL-8 in both colon epithelial and vascular endothelial cells during pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-Dong, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khalid MH, Tokunaga Y, Caputy AJ, Walters E. Inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival of rats with intracranial gliomas following administration of clotrimazole. J Neurosurg 2005; 103:79-86. [PMID: 16121977 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.103.1.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Clotrimazole, an imidazole derivative and inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by downregulating the movement of intracellular Ca++ and K+ and by interfering with the translation initiation process. Clotrimazole inhibits the proliferation of human glioblastoma multiforme cells; it induces morphological changes toward differentiation and blocks the cell cycle in the G1/G1 phase. In vitro, clotrimazole enhances the antitumor effect of cisplatin by inducing wild-type p53-mediated apoptosis. The authors examined the effect of clotrimazole on tumor growth, sensitivity to cisplatin, and survival of rats with intracranial gliomas. METHODS Cultured C6 and 9L glioma cells were exposed to clotrimazole, and cell growth was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. Clotrimazole produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. The growth inhibitory effect of clotrimazole could not be overcome by exogenous stimulation with epidermal growth factor. Both C6 and 9L glioma cells were implanted into the rat brain and after 5 days, the animals were treated with a daily single dose of clotrimazole for 8 consecutive days. Clotrimazole treatment caused a significant inhibition of intracranial tumor growth. The survival of rats with 9L gliomas was analyzed after 10 days of treatment with clotrimazole, cisplatin, or a combination of clotrimazole and cisplatin. Rats treated with either drug displayed a significantly prolonged survival time; however, the combination treatment resulted only in an additional survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS Clotrimazole effectively inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth, and prolongs survival of rats with intracranial gliomas. Clotrimazole may be considered a potential anticancer drug for treatment of intracranial gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Humayun Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Qawasmeh RA, Lee Y, Cao MY, Gu X, Vassilakos A, Wright JA, Young A. Triaryl methane derivatives as antiproliferative agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:347-50. [PMID: 14698156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clotrimazole (CLT) 1, a synthetic anti-fungal imidazole derivative, inhibits tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In the current study, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the decrease in tumor cell growth by CLT 1 was associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G(1)-S phase transition, resulting in G(0)-G(1) arrest. A series of CLT 1 analogues has been generated in order to develop CLT 1 derivatives that are devoid of the imidazole moiety which is responsible for the hepatoxicity associated with CLT 1 while retaining CLT 1 efficacy. The majority of these analogues demonstrate in vitro antiproliferative activity ranging from submicromolar to micromolar concentrations.
Collapse
|
15
|
Maemondo M, Saijo Y, Narumi K, Kikuchi T, Usui K, Tazawa R, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Sasaki K, Takahashi M, Niitsu Y, Nukiwa T. Gene Therapy with Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor Promoter-Controlled Replication-Competent Adenovirus for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4611-20. [PMID: 15231673 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) is highly expressed in almost all non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), but not in the majority of other tumor types. In an attempt to create a specific gene therapy for NSCLC, we constructed AdSLPI.E1AdB, an adenovirus vector with a double expression cassette consisting of E1A driven by the SLPI promoter gene followed by E1B-19K under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter that can selectively replicate only in NSCLC cells. Infection with AdSLPI.E1AdB yielded E1A protein expression and adenovirus replication resulting in a >100-fold increase of the virus titers only in SLPI-producing NSCLC cells (A549, H358, and HS24 cells). In contrast, neither E1A protein nor replication was detected in non-SLPI-producing HepG2 cells. Treatment with AdSLPI.E1AdB significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the cell growth of HepG2 or normal human bronchial epithelial cells was not affected by AdSLPI.E1AdB infection. Direct injection of AdSLPI.E1AdB into A549 and H358 tumors in nude mice resulted in a marked reduction in tumor growth compared with controls (A549, 57%, P < 0.02; H358, 67%, P < 0.03). Histological examination revealed the replication of AdSLPI.E1AdB and strong induction of necrosis and apoptosis. In addition, we evaluated the combination of AdSLPI.E1AdB and AdCMV.NK4 encoding NK4 protein, which has strong antiangiogenic activity. E1A expressed by AdSLPI.E1AdB trans-acts on the replication of AdCMV.NK4 and thus increases the expression of NK4. Injection of these two vectors into H358 tumors resulted in a more striking reduction of tumor growth compared with single injection of each vector. These results suggest that AdSLPI.E1AdB could provide a selective therapeutic modality for NSCLC and that the combination of AdSLPI.E1AdB and AdCMV.NK4 may be a more effective gene therapy for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Maemondo
- Department of Respiratory Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Aobaku Sendai, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao MY, Lee Y, Feng NP, Al-Qawasmeh RA, Viau S, Gu XP, Lau L, Jin H, Wang M, Vassilakos A, Wright JA, Young AH. NC381, a Novel Anticancer Agent, Arrests the Cell Cycle in G0-G1 and Inhibits Lung Tumor Cell Growth in Vitro and in Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 308:538-46. [PMID: 14610220 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.059618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clotrimazole (CLT), an antifungal drug, inhibits tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis, its clinical application is hampered by significant hepatotoxicity due to the presence of an imidazole moiety. In our attempts to develop CLT analogs that are devoid of imidazole and are as efficacious as CLT, one pharmacophore designated NC381 was generated and shown to inhibit tumor cell growth via a mechanism similar to that of CLT. In vitro, treatment of NCI-H460 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with NC381 inhibited growth in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the decrease in cell growth was associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G(1)-S phase transition, resulting in G(0)-G(1) arrest. There was a concomitant inhibition of cyclin D1 expression and subsequent reduction in the formation of the cyclin D1-CDK4 complex. Consistent with a decrease in the cyclin D1-CDK4 complex, NC381 treatment resulted in significant inhibition of pRb phosphorylation. There also were changes in the activity of cell cycle-related proteins, including p16(Ink4) and p27(Kip1). Together, these results are consistent with a model in which NC381 arrests cell cycle progression via inhibition of the pathway that promotes exit from the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the clinical applicability of NC381 was evaluated in an in vivo murine xenograft model of human NSCLC (NCI-H460). NC381 treatment resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Given the poor prognosis and the limited treatment options available, the present results underscore the potential of NC381 in the treatment of human NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Cao
- Lorus Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada, M9W 4Z7.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Horrobin DF. A low toxicity maintenance regime, using eicosapentaenoic acid and readily available drugs, for mantle cell lymphoma and other malignancies with excess cyclin D1 levels. Med Hypotheses 2003; 60:615-23. [PMID: 12710892 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is a difficult to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) whose biochemistry is unusually well characterised. Almost all and perhaps all patients overexpress the cyclin D1 protein which is crucial in driving cells from the G1 to the S phase. This overexpression may be responsible for the refractoriness. Despite this understanding, treatments for mantle cell lymphoma are based on standard NHL regimes of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, perhaps supplemented with the monoclonal antibody rituximab. There has never been any attempt to direct treatment to the cyclin D1 mechanism or to angiogenesis which is now known to be important in all lymphomas. Both these targets lend themselves to long-term maintenance regimes of relatively low toxicity which can be used as adjuvants to standard therapy. Agents which have recently been shown to block cyclin D1 translation by regulating calcium levels are the unsaturated essential fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the antidiabetic thiazolidinediones, and the antifungal agent, clotrimazole. Two types of agent which have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis are the teratogen, thalidomide, and the selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2). Retinoids exert synergistic effects with EPA and have been shown to inhibit both tumour growth and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of action of these various agents are discussed, and specific suggestions are made for low toxicity maintenance therapy of mantle cell lymphoma and of other tumours which overexpress cyclin D1.
Collapse
|
18
|
Takei S, Iseda T, Yokoyama M. Inhibitory effect of clotrimazole on angiogenesis associated with bladder epithelium proliferation in rats. Int J Urol 2003; 10:78-85. [PMID: 12588602 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-regulation of epithelial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was recently reported at an early stage of bladder carcinogenesis in rats. Subsequently, clotrimazole (CLT) was reported to exert an inhibitory effect on the in vitro proliferation of vascular endothelial cells stimulated by VEGF. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of CLT on the initial stage of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced carcinogenesis of the urinary bladder in rats. METHODS Seven-week-old-female Wistar rats were divided into both a control group and the other four groups that were allowed free access to drinking water containing 0.05%BBN. Two groups of rats (10-CLT and 20-CLT) received CLT (100 mg/kg per day) once daily by gavage for 10 and 20 weeks, respectively. The other two groups of rats (10-BBN and 20-BBN) were maintained on the same BBN-containing drinking water for 10 and 20 weeks, respectively, without receiving CLT. After removing the urinary bladder of each rat, expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor FLT1, and new capillaries were examined by immunohistochemical staining. VEGF mRNA was detected by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The ratio of VEGF-positive cells and the expression of VEGF mRNA were lower in the 20-CLT group than in the 10-BBN group. Newly formed capillaries in the 20-CLT group were significantly decreased compared with those in the 10-BBN group. CONCLUSION These quantitative data suggested that CLT can inhibit VEGF expression in vivo and hence inhibit angiogenesis in the early stages of bladder carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Takei
- Division of Urology, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Ehime, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Faehling M, Kroll J, Föhr KJ, Fellbrich G, Mayr U, Trischler G, Waltenberger J. Essential role of calcium in vascular endothelial growth factor A-induced signaling: mechanism of the antiangiogenic effect of carboxyamidotriazole. FASEB J 2002; 16:1805-7. [PMID: 12354692 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0938fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plays a major role in tumor angiogenesis and raises the concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i). Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI), an inhibitor of calcium influx and of angiogenesis, is under investigation as a tumoristatic agent. We studied the effect of CAI and the role of [Ca2+]i in VEGF-A signaling in human endothelial cells. VEGF-A induced a biphasic [Ca2+]i signal. VEGF-A increased the level of intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which suggests that VEGF-A releases Ca2+ from IP3-sensitive stores and induces store-operated calcium influx. Reduction of either extracellular or intracellular free Ca2+ inhibited VEGF-A-induced proliferation. CAI inhibited IP3 formation, both phases of the calcium signal, nitric oxide (NO) release, and proliferation induced by VEGF-A. CAI prevented neither activation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) (KDR/Flk-1), phospholipase C-g, or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) nor translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We conclude that calcium signaling is necessary for VEGF-A-induced proliferation. MAP kinase activation occurs independently of [Ca2+]i but is not sufficient to induce proliferation in the absence of calcium signaling. Inhibition of the VEGF-A-induced [Ca2+]i signal and proliferation by CAI can be explained by inhibition of IP3 formation and may contribute to the antiangiogenic action of CAI. Calcium-dependent NO formation may represent a link between calcium signaling and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Faehling
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maemondo M, Narumi K, Saijo Y, Usui K, Tahara M, Tazawa R, Hagiwara K, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Nukiwa T. Targeting angiogenesis and HGF function using an adenoviral vector expressing the HGF antagonist NK4 for cancer therapy. Mol Ther 2002; 5:177-85. [PMID: 11829525 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2002.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) affects tumor growth/invasion and tumor neovascularization. A proposed HGF antagonist, NK4 (an amino-terminal kringle-domain peptide of HGF), inhibits tumor growth/invasion through the competition of HGF binding to its receptor, c-Met, and acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor. To investigate the in vivo effect of NK4 gene transfer, we constructed an adenovirus vector expressing human NK4 (AdCMV.NK4). Human lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H358) infected in vitro with AdCMV.NK4 yielded NK4 protein without a change in the cell growth rate. In contrast, direct injection of AdCMV.NK4 (1 x 10(9) pfu, twice) into established subcutaneous tumors in BALB/c nu/nu mice resulted in suppression of the tumors by 64% for A549 or by 91% for H358 compared with controls (P<0.02 or P<0.01, respectively). Counting of the tumor vessels revealed suppressed vascularity by 57% in H358 tumors when using AdCMV.NK4 (P<0.0001). Furthermore, systemic NK4 delivery by intraperitoneal injection of AdCMV.NK4 effectively suppressed both angiogenesis in the Matrigel assay (86% reduction, P<0.032), subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo (by 65% for H358, P<0.001), and hematogenous lung metastases without obvious side effects. These results indicate that NK4 elicits tumor-growth suppression in vivo through its anti-angiogenic activity and anti-HGF activity and that NK4 gene transfer can be an effective tool in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Maemondo
- Department of Respiratory Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Smith MA, Zhang W, Naziruddin B, Cooper JD, Patterson GA, Mohanakumar T. Clotrimazole inhibits lung fibroblast proliferation in vitro: implications for use in the prevention and treatment of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. Transplantation 2000; 70:1263-7. [PMID: 11063355 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200010270-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive therapy has limited activity against the mesenchymal cell proliferation of obliterative bronchiolitis. Clotrimazole (CLT) has been shown to inhibit proliferation in normal and cancer cell lines. Here we investigate whether CLT inhibits the proliferation of lung mesenchymal cells. METHODS Proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) in the presence of CLT was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta after treatment with CLT was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Treatment of MRC-5 cells with CLT resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation as assessed by DNA incorporation and cell counts compared with dimethylsulfoxide alone. There was no cytotoxic effect associated with CLT treatment. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a marked decrease in PDGF-B and TGF-beta mRNA levels in cells treated with CLT compared with those treated with dimethylsulfoxide. CONCLUSION CLT inhibits proliferation of human lung fibroblasts. This inhibitory effect is associated with decreased levels of PDGF-B and TGF-beta mRNA expression and may have value in the prevention and treatment of obliterative bronchiolitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Smith
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Raicu M, Florea S, Costache G, Popov D, Simionescu M. Clotrimazole inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and has a vasodilator effect on resistance arteries. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2000; 14:477-85. [PMID: 11129088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2000.tb00430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clotrimazole (CLT) is a drug known to interfere with cellular calcium homeostasis, which in turn is reported to intervene in cell proliferation and in the reactivity of small blood vessels. Experiments were designed to test the influence of CLT on the proliferative and vasorelaxant effect of bradykinin (BK) and on calcium homeostasis in smooth muscle cells (SMC). To this purpose two model systems were employed: (i) cultured human smooth muscle cells (HSMC), and (ii) isolated resistance arteries maintained in an organ bath. The effect of various concentrations of CLT (2-15 microM) on BK-induced proliferation of HSMC was quantitated by spectrometry following [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and intracellular calcium [Ca+]i was determined by spectrofluorimetry using Fura 2-AM assay. In other experiments the roles of BK receptor (AB2) and of thapsigargin were assessed. The reactivity of the resistance arteries was measured by the myograph technique, and the effects of BK, CLT, and NO synthase blocker, L-NAME were evaluated. The results showed that 10 microM CLT: (i) inhibits the BK-induced proliferation of HSMC by 45-50%: (ii) prevents the rise of [Ca2+]i induced by BK (120.8 +/- 12.4 nM vs. 235.8 +/- 34.1 nM), an cffect similar to that of "classic" L-type calcium channels blockers: (iii) reduces the release of Ca2+ entry induced by thapsigargin suggesting a possible inhibition of the capacitative Ca2+ entry. Organ bath assays showed that CLT enhanced the BK-induced relaxation of the resistance arteries by an endothelium NO-independent pathway. Together, these data suggest that the mechanism of action of CLT on SMC implies mainly a modification of intracellular calcium homeostasis, with a minor contribution of BK B2 receptors. These new distinctive features of CLT effects suggest the potential use of this drug in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases associated with SMC increased proliferation and impeded relaxation in small arteries, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Raicu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology N. Simionescu, Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The expression of transcription factor Ets-1 is induced in endothelial cells (ECs) by angiogenic factor; and in turn Ets-1 converts ECs to angiogenic invasive phenotype. In order to control angiogenesis, we constructed a transdominant mutant Ets-1 (TMEts-1) which acts as a dominant negative molecule. This molecule inhibited the DNA binding and the transactivation activity of the wild-type Ets-1. Stable transfection of murine endothelial cell line MSS31 cells with the TMets-1 gene impaired angiogenic activities including proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation in type-1 collagen gel. Finally, we incorporated the TMets-1 gene into a non-proliferative adenovirus vector, designated as AdTMets-1. AdTMets-1 significantly inhibited angiogenesis in the Matrigel plugs injected into the subcutaneous tissue of C57BL mice. These results indicate that TMets-1 would be a tool for angiogenic inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakano
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khalid MH, Shibata S, Hiura T. Effects of clotrimazole on the growth, morphological characteristics, and cisplatin sensitivity of human glioblastoma cells in vitro. J Neurosurg 1999; 90:918-27. [PMID: 10223459 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1999.90.5.0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Clotrimazole, an antimycotic drug, inhibits proliferation of normal and cancer cells by downregulating the movement of intracellular Ca++ and K+. The authors examined the effect of clotrimazole on the growth and sensitivity to cisplatin of two human glioblastoma cell lines--A172, which has the wild-type p53 gene, and T98G, which has the mutant p53 gene in vitro. METHODS The A172 and T98G glioblastoma cells were exposed to clotrimazole and cell growth was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium chloride colorimetric assay. Clotrimazole produced a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and caused changes in cellular structure toward a well-differentiated form. The growth inhibitory effect of clotrimazole was reversible. Western immunoblot analysis revealed a marked increase in cellular glial fibrillary acidic protein and wild-type p53 and a decrease in c-myc and c-fos oncoproteins in both cell lines treated with clotrimazole. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that clotrimazole-treated cells accumulated in the G0/G1 phase with a marked decrease in cells in the S phase; when clotrimazole was washed out from the culture medium, cells again started to proliferate, with a marked decrease in cells in the G0/G1 phase and an increase in cells in the S phase. The growth inhibitory effect of clotrimazole could not be overcome by exogenous stimulation with either epidermal growth factor or c-myc peptide. A combined treatment with clotrimazole and cisplatin significantly enhanced cell cytotoxicity compared with treatment using either drug alone. A DNA fragmentation assay showed that both clotrimazole and cisplatin induced apoptosis, which was increased in cells treated by both drugs. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that clotrimazole inhibits cell proliferation accompanied by morphological changes toward differentiation of glioblastoma cells and that this drug synergistically enhances the antitumor effect of cisplatin by inducing wild-type p53-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Khalid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
da Rocha e Silva M, Belo AV, Machado RD, Andrade SP. Clotrimazole is an inhibitor of inflammatory angiogenesis and the metabolic activity in sponge granuloma. Inflammation 1998; 22:643-51. [PMID: 9824777 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022370715756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Clotrimazole (CLT), clinically used as an antifungal drug, inhibited sponge-induced angiogenesis and granulation tissue metabolic activity when administered systemically (120 mg/kg) in rats. We have used functional, biochemical and histological parameters to assess neovascularization and fibrovascular tissue infiltration of the rat sponge granuloma. The sequential development of local blood flow as determined by the outflow rate of sodium fluorescein applied intraimplant, showed that the t1/2 values for the fluorescence peak in the bloodstream decreased in the control group from an initial value of 11 +/- 0.87 min (avascular implants, day 1) to 7.6 +/- 1.5 min at day 7 postimplantation. By contrast t1/2 values in the CLT-treated group remained stable during the 7-day period. The hemoglobin content extracted from the control implants was 2.7 +/- 0.14 microgramsHb/w.w vs. 1.8 +/- 0.18 microgramsHb/w.w in the treated group. The functional and biochemical parameters correlated well with the histological study. Furthermore, the metabolic activity of the sponge-induced granulomas was inhibited by CLT. Because CLT is an inhibitor of signal transduction interfering with the ionic fluxes across the cell membranes, our results suggest that the onset and maintenance of inflammatory angiogenesis induced by subcutaneous implantation of sponge matrix may be regulated by ionic fluxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M da Rocha e Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|