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Lu M, Liu H, Zheng B, Sun S, Chen C. Links between Breast and Thyroid Cancer: Hormones, Genetic Susceptibility and Medical Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5117. [PMID: 36291901 PMCID: PMC9600751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and thyroid glands are two common sites of female malignancies. Since the late 19th century, physicians have found that the cancers in either thyroid or mammary gland might increase the risk of second primary cancers in the other site. From then on, many observational clinical studies have confirmed the hypothesis and more than one theory has been developed to explain the phenomenon. Since the two glands both have secretory functions and are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, they may share some common oncogenic molecular pathways. However, other risks factors, including medical interventions and hormones, are also observed to play a role. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the associations between the two cancers. The putative mechanisms, such as hormone alteration, autoimmune attack, genetic predisposition and other life-related factors are reviewed and discussed. Medical interventions, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can also increase the risk of second primary cancers. This review will provide novel insights into the research designs, clinical managements and treatments of thyroid and breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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2
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Khan MI, Karima G, Khan MZ, Shin JH, Kim JD. Therapeutic Effects of Saponins for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer by Ameliorating Inflammation and Angiogenesis and Inducing Antioxidant and Apoptotic Effects in Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10665. [PMID: 36142578 PMCID: PMC9504392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are natural compounds found in plants and have a diverse range of applications. However, the therapeutic potential of saponins in regulating cytotoxicity, angiogenesis, and inflammation in mammalian cells is yet to be explored. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of saponins from green tea by exploring the cytotoxic effects of saponins by inducing apoptosis in the human cancer cell lines hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29). The anti-angiogenesis effect of saponins was also investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We explored the ability of saponins to attenuate inflammation in a dose-dependent manner in normal human cells. It was found that saponins exhibit cytotoxic effects in cancer cells and not in normal cells at the same concentration. Cytotoxicity was measured by inducing apoptosis by enhancing caspase-3 (cas-3) activation and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (BAX) gene expression and suppressing the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2. The inhibition of HUVEC proliferation was due to the suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). We also observed the antioxidant potential of green tea-derived saponins against free radicals in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cells. Here we observed that the saponins exhibited free radical scavenging activities and activated nuclear factorerythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related genes in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects were due to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in HEK293 cells. The significance of the work is we are the first to report on the anti-cancer effects of saponins based on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptosis induction properties. In conclusion, green tea-derived saponins could be effective therapeutics for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Kohsar University, Murree 47150, Pakistan
| | - Gul Karima
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | | | - Jin Hyuk Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Jong Deog Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
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3
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Lau TY, Kwan HY. Fucoxanthin Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060370. [PMID: 35736173 PMCID: PMC9229252 DOI: 10.3390/md20060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance. This review aims to give an updated summary of the anti-cancer effects of Fx and summarize the underlying mechanisms of action, which will provide novel strategies for the development of Fx as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
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A Systematic Review on Seaweed Functionality: A Sustainable Bio-Based Material. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development is an integrated approach to tackle ongoing global challenges such as resource depletion, environmental degradation, and climate change. However, a paradigm shift from a fossil-based economy to a bio-based economy must accomplish the circularity principles in order to be sustainable as a solution. The exploration of new feedstock possibilities has potential to unlock the bio-based economy’s true potential, wherein a cascading approach would maximize value creation. Seaweed has distinctive chemical properties, a fast growth rate, and other promising benefits beyond its application as food, making it a suitable candidate to substitute fossil-based products. Economic and environmental aspects can make seaweed a lucrative business; however, seasonal variation, cultivation, harvesting, and product development challenges have yet not been considered. Therefore, a clear forward path is needed to consider all aspects, which would lead to the commercialization of financially viable seaweed-based bioproducts. In this article, seaweed’s capability and probable functionality to aid the bio-based economy are systematically discussed. The possible biorefinery approaches, along with its environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, are also dealt with. Ultimately, the developmental process, by-product promotion, financial assistance, and social acceptance approach are summarized, which is essential when considering seaweed-based products’ feasibility. Besides keeping feedstock and innovative technologies at the center of bio-economy transformation, it is imperative to follow sustainable-led management practices to meet sustainable development goals.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are thyroid diseases in which breast cancer will appear later as well as the role of autoimmunity. This was a retrospective observational study. A total of 410 females (thyroid surgery and later breast cancer) and 524 females (thyroid surgery only) were compared with regard to pathological thyroid findings, thyroid hormones, thyroid autoimmunity and type of breast cancer. Thyroid autoimmunity, especially antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (p < 0.01); however, this was not true for other thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer. No variant of breast cancer was predominant, and only thyroid autoimmunity was associated with the risk of breast cancer. Further research is needed to explain the impacts of different antithyroid antibodies. Several studies have long hypothesized a link between thyroid disease and breast cancer. The authors' study retrospectively examined a large cohort of patients who initially underwent thyroid surgery and subsequently had breast cancer compared with a control group consisting of patients with only breast cancer. This comparison showed that only autoimmune thyroid disease was a risk factor for subsequent breast cancer, whereas no significant association of thyroid cancer with breast cancer was found.
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Molecular Iodine Has Extrathyroidal Effects as an Antioxidant, Differentiator, and Immunomodulator. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031228. [PMID: 33513754 PMCID: PMC7865438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most investigations of iodine metabolism in humans and animals have focused on its role in thyroid function. However, considerable evidence indicates that iodine could also be implicated in the physiopathology of other organs. We review the literature that shows that molecular iodine (I2) exerts multiple and complex actions on the organs that capture it, not including its effects as part of thyroid hormones. This chemical form of iodine is internalized by a facilitated diffusion system that is evolutionary conserved, and its effects appear to be mediated by a variety of mechanisms and pathways. As an oxidized component, it directly neutralizes free radicals, induces the expression of type II antioxidant enzymes, or inactivates proinflammatory pathways. In neoplastic cells, I2 generates iodolipids with nuclear actions that include the activation of apoptotic pathways and the inhibition of markers related to stem cell maintenance, chemoresistance, and survival. Recently, I2 has been postulated as an immune modulator that depending on the cellular context, can function as an inhibitor or activator of immune responses. We propose that the intake of molecular iodine is increased in adults to at least 1 mg/day in specific pathologies to obtain the potential extrathyroid benefits described in this review.
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Manjer J, Sandsveden M, Borgquist S. Serum Iodine and Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study Stratified for Selenium Levels. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1335-1340. [PMID: 32457181 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine has been suggested to protect against breast cancer, but there are no epidemiologic studies on individual risk. An interesting finding is that in areas where the exposure to both selenium and iodine are high (e.g., Japan), the risk of breast cancer is lower than in areas where selenium is high and iodine low (e.g., United States), or in areas where both are low (e.g., Northern Europe). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between prediagnostic serum iodine levels and subsequent breast cancer risk, and to investigate if this potential association was modified by selenium levels. METHODS The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study provided prediagnostic serum samples and the current analysis included 1,159 breast cancer cases and 1,136 controls. Levels of baseline serum iodine and selenium were analyzed. A logistic regression analysis yielded ORs with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS There was no evidence of an overall association between iodine levels and risk of breast cancer. Among women with high selenium levels (above the median), high iodine levels were associated with a lower risk of breast cancer; the OR for above versus below the median was 0.75 (0.57-0.99). The corresponding OR for women with low selenium was 1.15 (0.87-1.50), and the P interaction was 0.06. CONCLUSIONS The combination of high serum iodine levels and high selenium levels was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. IMPACT A high iodine and selenium exposure may decrease the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Malte Sandsveden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ahmed I, Manno FAM, Manno SHC, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Lau C. Detection of lithium in breast milk and in situ elemental analysis of the mammary gland. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4184-4195. [PMID: 30615726 PMCID: PMC6157784 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast feeding provides considerable benefits to the infant and mother. However, a lithium-based psychiatric medication may cause side effects in the child. Using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), trace lithium levels were observed in the breast milk of lactating rats administered with lithium treatment postpartum. Subsequently, the mammary glands of female rats were analyzed using LIBS, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Key biological elements iron, magnesium, cobalt, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iodine, potassium, sulfur, chlorine and zinc were observed. Lithium at 1.06 µg/g was measured in the mammary glands of treated subjects, but was below the limit of detection in controls. Lithium also increased iodine content in the glands. Lithium is present in the breast milk and mammary glands of lithium treated female subjects and this is the likely route of entry to breast-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmed
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan
| | | | - Sinai H. C. Manno
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanchao Liu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Komba S, Kotake-Nara E, Tsuzuki W. Degradation of Fucoxanthin to Elucidate the Relationship between the Fucoxanthin Molecular Structure and Its Antiproliferative Effect on Caco-2 Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E275. [PMID: 30082622 PMCID: PMC6117710 DOI: 10.3390/md16080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells, but its detailed structure⁻activity correlation has not yet been elucidated. To elucidate this correlation, fucoxanthin was degraded by ozonolysis. The degraded compounds of fucoxanthin obtained by ozonolysis were purified by HPLC and analyzed by NMR. The polyene chain of fucoxanthin was cleaved by ozonolysis, and the fucoxanthin was divided into two types of cyclohexyl derivatives, one with a β,γ-epoxy ketone group and the other with an allenic bond. In order to elucidate the structure⁻activity correlation, Caco-2 cells (human colorectal carcinoma) were treated with fucoxanthin degradation compounds. It was found that the entire structure of fucoxanthin is not essential for its antiproliferative effect and that even a partial structure exerts this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Komba
- Food Component Analysis Unit, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Kotake-Nara
- Food Component Analysis Unit, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Wakako Tsuzuki
- Food Component Analysis Unit, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
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10
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Yoshinaga K, Nakai Y, Izumi H, Nagaosa K, Ishijima T, Nakano T, Abe K. Oral Administration of Edible Seaweed Undaria Pinnatifida (Wakame) Modifies Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Rats: A DNA Microarray Analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700828. [PMID: 29663642 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Wakame is an edible seaweed that is a common constituent in the Japanese diet. Previous studies showed that wakame consumption is associated with the prevention of metabolic syndrome, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine if the expression of hepatic genes is affected by ingestion of the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (wakame), rats were fed a diet containing 0, 0.1, or 1.0 g per 100 g dried wakame powder for 28 days. Administration of 1% wakame significantly decreased serum total cholesterol levels. Hepatic gene expression was investigated using DNA microarray analysis, and the results showed that wakame suppresses the lipogenic pathway by downregulating SREBF-1. Moreover, bile acid biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis were promoted by upregulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, which leads to a reduction in the accumulation of cholesterol and promotion of β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that wakame ingestion affects glucose and lipid metabolism by altering the expression of SREBF-1 and PPAR signal-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Institute for Food Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hikari Izumi
- Institute for Food Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kaz Nagaosa
- Institute for Food Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Life Science and Environment Research Center, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Life Science and Environment Research Center, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Oyama K, Shimoda T, Miyagawa M, Sone M, Yokoyama J, Nishimori K, Fukuda T. Dietary intake of iodine-enriched eggs decreases the incidence of mouse mammary tumors caused by the activated ErbB2 oncogene. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1169-1177. [PMID: 29770537 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human epigenetic studies suggest that consumption of seaweed prevents mammary cancer, which possibly is explained by iodine daily intake. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dietary intake of iodine-enriched eggs on mammary tumor incidence caused by the expression of activated type ErbB2. Female transgenic mice were divided into three groups, and fed a basic diet, a diet supplemented with ordinary eggs, or with iodine-enriched eggs. The number of mammary tumors greater than 5 mm in diameter was recorded in mice at 6 months of age. We report that the average number of mammary tumors per mouse was significantly lower in the iodine-enriched egg-added diet group than in either the basic diet or ordinary egg diet groups. These results indicate that iodine intake through livestock-derived products can reduce the incidence of mammary cancers caused by the expression of activated type ErbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Oyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyagawa
- Central Experimental Animal Center, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sone
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jiro Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, Japan.,Soft-Path Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
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Seifaddinipour M, Farghadani R, Namvar F, Mohamad J, Abdul Kadir H. Cytotoxic Effects and Anti-Angiogenesis Potential of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Hulls against MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E110. [PMID: 29303970 PMCID: PMC6017625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hulls (PVLH) represents a significant by-product of industrial pistachio processing that contains high amounta of phenolic and flavonoid compounds known to act as antioxidants. The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic potentials of PVLH extracts. The cytotoxic effects of hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water PVLH extracts toward human colon cancer (HT-29 and HCT-116), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung adenocarcinoma (H23), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), cervical cancer (Ca Ski), and normal fibroblast (BJ-5ta) cells were assessed using a MTT cell viability assay. Apoptosis induction was evaluated through the different nuclear staining assays and confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Anti-angiogenic activities were also determined using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. PVLH ethyl acetate extracts (PVLH-EAE) demonstrated a suppressive effect with an IC50 value of 21.20 ± 1.35, 23.00 ± 1.2 and 25.15 ± 1.85 µg/mL against MCF-7, HT-29 and HCT-116, respectively, after 72 h of treatment. Morphological assessment and flow cytometry analysis showed the potential of PVLH-EAE to induce apoptosis. PVLH-EAE at the highest concentration demonstrated significant inhibition of angiogenesis as comparing with control group. Also the expression of Bax increased and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased in treated MCF-7 cells. Thus, the apoptosis induction and angiogenesis potential of PVLH-EAE make it to be the most suitable for further cancer research study to deal with selective antitumor active substances to human cancers especially breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seifaddinipour
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Reyhaneh Farghadani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Farideh Namvar
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
| | - Jamaludin Mohamad
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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13
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Fang Y, Yao L, Sun J, Yang R, Chen Y, Tian J, Yang K, Tian L. Does thyroid dysfunction increase the risk of breast cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1035-1047. [PMID: 28516372 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormone replacement, and the risk of breast cancer. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, and China Biology Medicine (CBM) databases through June 2016 to identify researches that assessed the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and the risk of breast cancer together with the impact of thyroid hormone substitution treatment on incidence of breast cancer. Quality of evidence was assessed per outcome, using GRADE. RESULTS A total of 13 population-based studies including 24,808 participants were identified as eligible for this meta-analysis. A meta-analysis of 12 researches illustrated that hypothyroidism was not related to the risk for breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-1.08, P = 0.162]. 10 researches illustrated that hyperthyroidism was also not related to the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.83-1.30, P = 0.767). The impact of therapy was evaluated in six researches; there was no proof of a relationship between thyroid hormone substitution treatment and breast cancer with an overall OR of 0.83 (95% CI 0.57-1.21, P = 0.965). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis illustrated that thyroid dysfunction may not be related to increased risk of breast cancer as well as the thyroid hormone substitution treatment did not reduce the incidence of breast cancer; while this study has some confounders that might weaken the results of this meta-analysis, we believe that the findings provide valuable information for stakeholders concerned with outcomes in patients with thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Dong gang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yao
- Clinical Evidence Based Medicine Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Dong gang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Dong gang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - R Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Dong gang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Chen
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Tian
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - K Yang
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - L Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Dong gang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Iodine stimulates estrogen receptor singling and its systemic level is increased in surgical patients due to topical absorption. Oncotarget 2017; 9:375-384. [PMID: 29416620 PMCID: PMC5787473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone production. However, recent epidemiologic studies have shown that breast cancer patients have an elevated risk of developing thyroid cancer and vice versa. A notable finding in this study is that iodine stimulated the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) in breast cancer cells. Iodine stimulated expression of several ER-α regulated gene including PS2, Cathepsin D, CyclinD1, and PR both in vitro and in nude mice, which is consistent with its stimulation of both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of ER-α positive breast cancer cells and the effect to dampen tumor shrinkage of MCF-7 xenograft in ovariectomized nude mice. Analyses of clinical urine samples from breast cancer patients undergoing surgery demonstrated that urinary iodine levels were significantly higher than that in controls; and this increased level is due to the antiseptic use of iodine during breast surgery. The present study indicates that excess iodine intake may be an unfavorable factor in breast cancer by stimulation of ER-α transcriptional activity.
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Tripathi R, Singh P, Singh A, Chagtoo M, Khan S, Tiwari S, Agarwal G, Meeran SM, Godbole MM. Zoledronate and Molecular Iodine Cause Synergistic Cell Death in Triple Negative Breast Cancer through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:679-88. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1158293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Coelho MS, Menezes BDS, Meza SLR, Gianasi BL, Salas-Mellado MDLM, Copertino M, de Souza MDRAZ. Potential Utilization of Green Tide-Forming Macroalgae from Patos Lagoon, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2015.1012688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vizetto-Duarte C, Custódio L, Acosta G, Lago JHG, Morais TR, Bruno de Sousa C, Gangadhar KN, Rodrigues MJ, Pereira H, Lima RT, Vasconcelos MH, Barreira L, Rauter AP, Albericio F, Varela J. Can macroalgae provide promising anti-tumoral compounds? A closer look at Cystoseira tamariscifolia as a source for antioxidant and anti-hepatocarcinoma compounds. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1704. [PMID: 26925328 PMCID: PMC4768693 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are a prolific source of drug leads in a variety of therapeutic areas. In the last few years, biomedical, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have shown growing interest in novel compounds from marine organisms, including macroalgae. Cystoseira is a genus of Phaeophyceae (Fucales) macroalgae known to contain bioactive compounds. Organic extracts (hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts) from three Cystoseira species (C. humilis, C. tamariscifolia and C. usneoides) were evaluated for their total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and antiproliferative activity against a human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells). C. tamariscifolia had the highest TPC and RSA. The hexane extract of C. tamariscifolia (CTH) had the highest cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 2.31 µg/mL), and was further tested in four human tumor (cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa; gastric adenocarcinoma AGS; colorectal adenocarcinoma HCT-15; neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y), and two non-tumor (murine bone marrow stroma S17 and human umbilical vein endothelial HUVEC) cell lines in order to determine its selectivity. CTH strongly reduced viability of all tumor cell lines, especially of HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity was particularly selective for the latter cells with a selectivity index = 12.6 as compared to non-tumor cells. Incubation with CTH led to a 2-fold decrease of HepG2 cell proliferation as shown by the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. CTH-treated HepG2 cells presented also pro-apoptotic features, such as increased Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) binding and dose-dependent morphological alterations in DAPI-stained cells. Moreover, it had a noticeable disaggregating effect on 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. Demethoxy cystoketal chromane, a derivative of the meroditerpenoid cystoketal, was identified as the active compound in CTH and was shown to display selective in vitro cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Gerardo Acosta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona, Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BNN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João H G Lago
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Thiago R Morais
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carolina Bruno de Sousa
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Katkam N Gangadhar
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Raquel T Lima
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Department of Pathology and Oncology, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo FerreiraPorto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Amélia P Rauter
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Barcelona, Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER-BNN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
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Kandasamy S, Khan W, Evans FD, Critchley AT, Zhang J, Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Gardiner VA, Prithiviraj B. A fucose containing polymer-rich fraction from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum mediates lifespan increase and thermal-tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans, by differential effects on gene and protein expression. Food Funct 2014; 5:275-84. [PMID: 24323434 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The extracts of the brown alga, Ascophyllum nodosum, which contains several bioactive compounds, have been shown to impart biotic and abiotic stress tolerance properties when consumed by animals. However, the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanism underlying such effects remain elusive. We investigated the effect of A. nodosum fucose-containing polymer (FCP) on tolerance to thermally induced stress using the invertebrate animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans. FCP at a concentration of 150 μg mL(-1) significantly improved the life span and tolerance against thermally induced stress in C. elegans. The treatment increased the C. elegans survival by approximately 24%, when the animals were under severe thermally induced stress (i.e. 35 °C) and 27% under mild stress (i.e. 30 °C) conditions. The FCP induced differential expression of genes and proteins is associated with stress response pathways. Under thermal stress, FCP treatment significantly altered the expression of 65 proteins (54 up-regulated & 11 down-regulated). Putative functional analysis of FCP-induced differential proteins signified an association of altered proteins in stress-related molecular and biochemical pathways of the model worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveetha Kandasamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS B2B 5E3, Canada.
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Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Karimian H, Khanabdali R, Razavi M, Firoozinia M, Zandi K, Abdul Kadir H. Anticancer and antitumor potential of fucoidan and fucoxanthin, two main metabolites isolated from brown algae. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:768323. [PMID: 24526922 PMCID: PMC3910333 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is one of the largest producers of biomass in marine environment and is a rich arsenal of active metabolites and functional ingredients with valuable beneficial health effects. Being a staple part of Asian cuisine, investigations on the crude extracts of Phaeophyceae or brown algae revealed marked antitumor activity, eliciting a variety of research to determine the active ingredients involved in this potential. The sulfated polysaccharide of fucoidan and carotenoid of fucoxanthin were found to be the most important active metabolites of brown algae as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents. This review strives to provide detailed account of all current knowledge on the anticancer and antitumor activity of fucoidan and fucoxanthin as the two major metabolites isolated from brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahboubeh Razavi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Firoozinia
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Il Jung H, Jo MJ, Kim HR, Choi YH, Kim GD. Extract of Saccharina japonica induces apoptosis companied by cell cycle arrest and endoplasmic reticulum stress in SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2993-9. [PMID: 24815436 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.7.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharina japonica is a family member of Phaeophyceae (brown macro-alga) and extensively cultivated in China, Japan and Korea. Here, the potential anti-cancer effect of n-hexane fraction of S. japonica was evaluated in SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The N-hexane fraction reduced cell viability and increased the numbers of apoptotic cells in a both dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was activated by both caspase-dependent and independent pathways. The caspase-dependent cell death pathway is mediated by cell surface death receptors and activated caspase-8 amplified the apoptotic signal either through direct activation of downstream caspase-3 or pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax and Bak) subsequently leading to the release of cytochrome c. On the other hand, caspase-independent apoptosis appeared mediated by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and translocation of AIF to the nucleus where they induced chromatin condensation and/or large-scale DNA fragmentation. In addition, the n-hexane fraction induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress and cell cycle arrest. The results suggested that potential anti-cancer effects of n-hexane extract from S. japonica on SK-Hep1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Il Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea E-mail :
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21
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Saatov TS, Abduavaliev AA. Biological effects of thyroid hormones. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj85.06.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kumar SR, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K. Fucoxanthin: a marine carotenoid exerting anti-cancer effects by affecting multiple mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5130-47. [PMID: 24351910 PMCID: PMC3877908 DOI: 10.3390/md11125130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid exhibiting several health benefits. The anti-cancer effect of fucoxanthin and its deacetylated metabolite, fucoxanthinol, is well documented. In view of its potent anti-carcinogenic activity, the need to understand the underlying mechanisms has gained prominence. Towards achieving this goal, several researchers have carried out studies in various cell lines and in vivo and have deciphered that fucoxanthin exerts its anti-proliferative and cancer preventing influence via different molecules and pathways including the Bcl-2 proteins, MAPK, NFκB, Caspases, GADD45, and several other molecules that are involved in either cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or metastasis. Thus, in addition to decreasing the frequency of occurrence and growth of tumours, fucoxanthin has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Some studies show that this effect is selective, i.e., fucoxanthin has the capability to target cancer cells only, leaving normal physiological cells unaffected/less affected. Hence, fucoxanthin and its metabolites show great promise as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi Kumar
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
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Namvar F, Tahir PM, Mohamad R, Mahdavi M, Abedi P, Najafi TF, Rahman HS, Jawaid M. Biomedical Properties of Edible Seaweed in Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention Trials: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes in vitro and in vivo experiments on seaweed anticancer activity and seaweed chemical components. Seaweed use in cancer therapy, chemopreventive randomized control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments are discussed. The literature reviewed in this article was obtained from various scientific sources and encompasses publications from 2000–2012. Seaweed therapeutic effects were deemed scientifically plausible and may be partially explained by the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies described. Although the mechanisms of action remain unclear, seaweed's anticancer properties may be attributable to its major biologically active metabolites. Much of the seaweed research outlined in this paper can serve as a foundation for explaining seaweed anticancer bioactivity. This review will open doors for developing strategies to treat malignancies using seaweed natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Namvar
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Iran
| | - Paridah Md. Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Parvin Abedi
- Reproductive Health Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Fathi Najafi
- Department of Medicine, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hyun YJ, Piao MJ, Ko MH, Lee NH, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Hyun JW. Photoprotective effect of Undaria crenata against ultraviolet B-induced damage to keratinocytes. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:256-64. [PMID: 23474096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in the induction of skin cancer. The brown alga Undaria crenata is a potential source of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic compounds due to its capacity to produce protective compounds against environmental factors, including UV radiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the photoprotective properties of an U. crenata ethanol extract (UCE) against UVB-induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. UCE exhibited absorbing effect of UVB (280-320 nm) and scavenging activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species induced by hydrogen peroxide and UVB rays. Furthermore, electron spin resonance spectrometry revealed the significant scavenging effect of UCE against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. UCE reduced UVB-induced apoptosis, as shown by a decrease in apoptotic bodies and nuclear and DNA fragmentation, resulting in the recovery of cell viability. UCE also decreased the degree of UVB-induced oxidative stress to lipids, proteins, and DNA as shown by a decrease in 8-isoprostane level, protein carbonylation and DNA tails. These results suggest that UCE protects human keratinocytes against UVB-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jae Hyun
- Jeju National University, School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress resulting from excessive reactive oxygen/nitrogen/electrophilic species (ROS/RNS/RES) can lead to diseases such as cancer. The health benefits of dietary fruits and vegetables with antioxidant potential have received a great deal of attention. On the other hand, marine botanicals have been less well characterized and still remain as terra incognita. RECENT ADVANCES In some parts of the world, appreciable quantities of seaweeds are consumed on a daily basis. Along with current globalization, cuisines using seaweeds are now being used throughout the world, sometimes considered as healthy delicacies. Thus, it is relevant to explore the medicinal and pharmacological properties of seaweeds, as well as the health ramifications of this dietary practice. CRITICAL ISSUES We currently review the antioxidant potential of seaweed components such as sulfated polysaccharides, phenolic compounds (phlorotannins and bromophenols), and fucoxanthins. In addition to seaweeds, the chemistry and antioxidant activities of some marine fungi and bacteria are described. Since antioxidants are considered promising cancer chemopreventive agents, the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical aspects of antioxidant marine products are presented, and potential implications are discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although some data suggest that health benefits are derived from the consumption of marine natural products, further epidemiological or clinical studies are needed to strengthen these observations. In addition, many studies have demonstrated the antioxidant effects of seaweeds with in vitro models, but further characterization of bioavailability is necessary to suggest the significance of these responses. It is also important to define the safety of some seaweeds containing inorganic arsenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Teas J, Vena S, Cone DL, Irhimeh M. The consumption of seaweed as a protective factor in the etiology of breast cancer: proof of principle. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2013; 25:771-779. [PMID: 23678231 PMCID: PMC3651528 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-012-9931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Daily consumption of seaweed has been proposed as a factor in explaining lower postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality rates in Japan. This clinical trial assessed the impact of introducing seaweed- to non-seaweed-consuming American postmenopausal women. Fifteen healthy postmenopausal women were recruited for a 3-month single-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial; five had no history of BC (controls) and ten were BC survivors. Participants ingested ten capsules daily (5 g day-1) of placebo for 4 weeks, seaweed (Undaria) for 4 weeks, then placebo for another 4 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected after each treatment period. Urinary human urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor concentrations (uPAR) were analyzed by ELISA, and urine and serum were analyzed for protein expression using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Urinary creatinine standardized uPAR (in pg mL μg-1 creatinine) changed significantly between groups, decreasing by about half following seaweed supplementation (placebo 1, 1.5 (95 % CI, 0.9-2.1) and seaweed, 0.9 (95 % CI, 0.6-1.1) while placebo 2 returned to pre-seaweed concentration (1.7 (95 % CI, 1.2-2.2); p = 0.01, ANOVA). One SELDI-TOF-MS-identified urinary protein (m/z 9,776) showed a similar reversible decrease with seaweed and is reported to be associated with cell attachment. One serum protein (m/z 8,928) reversibly increased with seaweed and may be the immunostimulatory complement activation C3a des-arginine. uPAR is higher among postmenopausal women generally, and for BC patients, it is associated with unfavorable BC prognosis. By lowering uPAR, dietary seaweed may help explain lower BC incidence and mortality among postmenopausal women in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Teas
- South Carolina Cancer Center, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, 2nd Floor, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Sylvia Vena
- School of Medicine, South Carolina Cancer Center, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, 2nd Floor, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - D. Lindsie Cone
- School of Medicine, South Carolina Cancer Center, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, 2nd Floor, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Mohammad Irhimeh
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Alfaro Y, Delgado G, Cárabez A, Anguiano B, Aceves C. Iodine and doxorubicin, a good combination for mammary cancer treatment: antineoplastic adjuvancy, chemoresistance inhibition, and cardioprotection. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:45. [PMID: 23705792 PMCID: PMC3673826 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mammary cancer (MC) is the most common malignant neoplasia in women, the mortality for this cancer has decreased principally because of early detection and the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Of several preparations that cause MC regression, doxorubicin (DOX) is the most active, first-line monotherapeutic. Nevertheless, its use is limited due to the rapid development of chemoresistance and to the cardiotoxicity caused by free radicals. In previous studies we have shown that supplementation with molecular iodine (I2) has a powerful antineoplastic effect in methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced experimental models of MC. These studies also showed a consistent antioxidant effect of I2 in normal and tumoral tissues. METHODS Here, we analyzed the effect of I2 in combination with DOX treatment in female Sprague Dawley rats with MNU-induced MC. In the first experiment (short) animals were treated with the therapeutic DOX dose (16 mg/kg) or with lower doses (8 and 4 mg/Kg), in each case with and without 0.05% I2 in drinking water. Iodine treatment began on day 0, a single dose of DOX was injected (ip) on day 2, and the analysis was carried out on day 7. In the second experiment (long) animals with and without iodine supplement were treated with one or two injections of 4 mg/kg DOX (on days 0 and 14) and were analyzed on day 56. RESULTS At all DOX doses, the short I2 treatment induced adjuvant antineoplastic effects (decreased tumor size and proliferating cell nuclear antigen level) with significant protection against body weight loss and cardiotoxicity (creatine kinase MB, cardiac lipoperoxidation, and heart damage). With long-term I2, mammary tumor tissue became more sensitive to DOX, since a single injection of the lowest dose of DOX (4 mg/Kg) was enough to stop tumor progression and a second DOX4 injection on day 14 caused a significant and rapid decrease in tumor size, decreased the expression of chemoresistance markers (Bcl2 and survivin), and increased the expression of the apoptotic protein Bax and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type gamma. CONCLUSIONS The DOX-I2 combination exerts antineoplastic, chemosensitivity, and cardioprotective effects and could be a promising strategy against breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunuen Alfaro
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Guadalupe Delgado
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Alfonso Cárabez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Brenda Anguiano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
| | - Carmen Aceves
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, México
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Antioxidant and anticancer activities of selected persian gulf algae. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:13-20. [PMID: 24478544 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of red (Gracillaria corticata), green (Ulva fasciata) and brown (Sargassum ilicifolium) seaweeds alcoholic extract, against five important human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HepG2, and HT-29) proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were evaluated. The reducing activity and total polyphenol content were also investigated. MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity test. Morphological alterations were examined using phase contrast, fluorescent and electron microscopy. All the extracts were antiproliferative against all the cancer cell lines, dose-dependently, with G. corticata methanol extract (GCME) having the greatest inhibition activity against MCF-7 cell line. The percentage of apoptosis increased from 18 to 78 %. The cell cycle analysis also showed that GCME can induce apoptosis which confirm by TEM. Algal extract reducing activities were as follows: G. corticata > S. ilicifolium > U. fasciata. The GCME is a good source of potential complementary and alternative functional food for prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Wada K, Nakamura K, Tamai Y, Tsuji M, Watanabe K, Ando K, Nagata C. Seaweed intake and urinary sex hormone levels in preschool Japanese children. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 23:239-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Potential role of marine algae on female health, beauty, and longevity. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2011; 64:41-55. [PMID: 22054937 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387669-0.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine environment has been known as a rich source of chemical structures with numerous health benefit effects. Among marine organisms, marine algae have been identified as an underexploited plant resource although they have long been recognized as valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. Presently, several lines of studies have provided insight into biological activities of marine algae in promoting female health, beauty, and longevity. Hence, marine algae have a great potential to be used as a part of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. This contribution presents an overview of marine algal potential effect in promoting female health, beauty, and longevity.
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Mendis E, Kim SK. Present and future prospects of seaweeds in developing functional foods. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2011; 64:1-15. [PMID: 22054934 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387669-0.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There has been a combined effort among scientists to explore and utilize varying food sources to develop functional foods to cater the ever-increasing demand from the consumers, who seek health-promoting roles of dietary compounds. Considering the diversity of biochemicals in seaweeds that are capable of exerting bioactivities, a growing trend is developing across globe to employ seaweeds in functional food development. Proteins, peptides, amino acids, polysaccharides, phenolics, lipids, vitamins, and minerals in seaweeds and their functional properties provide insights into the success of potential functional food products that can be developed utilizing seaweeds. However, several factors need to be taken into consideration in designing seaweed-based functional foods to obtain the market success. This chapter elaborates on the prospects of seaweeds in developing seaweed-based functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eresha Mendis
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Abstract
Gim (Porphyra sp.) and miyeok (Undaria pinnatifida) are the seaweeds most consumed by Koreans. We investigated the association between the intake of gim and miyeok and the risk of breast cancer in a case-control study. Cases were 362 women aged 30-65 years old, who were histologically confirmed to have breast cancer. Controls visiting the same hospital were matched to cases according to their age (sd 2 years) and menopausal status. Food intake was estimated by the quantitative FFQ with 121 items, including gim and miyeok. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the OR and corresponding 95 % CI. The average intake and consumption frequency of gim in cases were lower than in controls. The daily intake of gim was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer (5th v. 1st quintile, OR, 0.48; 95 % CI, 0.27, 0.86; P for trend, 0.026) after adjustment for potential confounders. After stratification analysis was performed according to menopausal status, premenopausal women (5th v. 1st quintile, OR, 0.44; 95 % CI, 0.24, 0.80; P for trend, 0.007) and postmenopausal women (5th v. 1st quintile, OR, 0.32; 95 % CI, 0.13, 0.80; P for trend, 0.06) showed similar inverse associations between gim intake and the risk of breast cancer after an adjustment for potential confounders except dietary factors. Miyeok consumption did not have any significant associations with breast cancer. These results suggest that high intake of gim may decrease the risk of breast cancer.
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Sabitha, Suneetha, Mohanty S, Rao P. Serum anti - TPO levels in benign and malignant breast tumors. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:266-8. [PMID: 23105847 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a hormone dependent neoplasm. Conflicting results regarding the clinical correlation between breast cancer and thyroid diseases have been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the association of anti - TPO levels in patients having complaints of a lump in breast. Serum samples and Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples were collected from 31 female patients with a lump in breast between the age group of 20-75 years. 31 age matched normal healthy controls were also examined for the same parameters. Serum samples were analyzed for its anti - TPO levels. FNAC reports confirmed patients as having duct cell carcinoma. They had raised serum anti - TPO levels compared to controls. FNAC results of others (n=26) were reported as fibroadenoma whose anti - TPO levels were less than the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitha
- Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Sreepuram, Narketpally, Nalgonda, 508254 Andhra Pradesh India
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Hashimoto T, Ozaki Y, Taminato M, Das SK, Mizuno M, Yoshimura K, Maoka T, Kanazawa K. The distribution and accumulation of fucoxanthin and its metabolites after oral administration in mice. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:242-8. [PMID: 19173766 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508199007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of dietary fucoxanthin, one of the xanthophylls in brown sea algae, is little understood. In the present study, mice were orally administered fucoxanthin, and the distribution and accumulation of fucoxanthin and its metabolites fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A were measured in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver, lung, kidney, heart, spleen and adipose tissue. In a single oral administration of 160 nmol fucoxanthin, fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A were detectable in all specimens tested in the present study, but fucoxanthin was not. The time at maximum concentration (Tmax) of these metabolites in adipose tissue was 24 h, while the Tmax in the others was 4 h. The area under the curve to infinity (AUCinfinity) of fucoxanthinol in the liver was the highest value (4680 nmol/g x h) among the tissues tested in the present study, while the AUCinfinity of amarouciaxanthin A in adipose tissue was the highest value (4630 nmol/g x h). In daily oral administration of 160 nmol fucoxanthin for 1 week, fucoxanthin was also detectable in the tissues even at a low concentration. The amount of fucoxanthinol was 123 nmol/g in the heart and 85.2 nmol/g in the liver. Amarouciaxanthin A in the adipose tissue was distributed at a concentration of 97.5 nmol/g. These results demonstrate that dietary fucoxanthin accumulates in the heart and liver as fucoxanthinol and in adipose tissue as amarouciaxanthin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Role of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the association between thyroid diseases and breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008; 68:107-14. [PMID: 18676157 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating for a role of the thyroid in the natural history of breast cancer, although no plausible mechanism has been advanced to explain this association. We believe that the thyroid disease-breast cancer relationship provides a unique opportunity to find out the causes of breast cancer. Both diseases are female predominant, with specifically identified biological pathways and genetic and environmental determinants, and seeing them in concert provides an opportunity to identify the most relevant mechanistic pathways. In this communication, we advance a plausible mechanism to explain the thyroid disease-breast cancer relationship. We specifically propose that the reduction in risk associated with hyperthyroidism or increased levels of thyroid hormones, or iodine, may derive from the pro-oxidant properties of these compounds, i.e., from its ability to generate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Conversely, the increased risk from hypothyroidism may derive from its ability to inhibit this stress-mediated apoptotic process.
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Gärtner R. Wichtige Spurenelemente für die Schilddrüse. PRAVENTION UND GESUNDHEITSFORDERUNG 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11553-007-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Teas J, Braverman LE, Kurzer MS, Pino S, Hurley TG, Hebert JR. Seaweed and soy: companion foods in Asian cuisine and their effects on thyroid function in American women. J Med Food 2007; 10:90-100. [PMID: 17472472 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2005.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds and soy are two commonly eaten foods in Asia. Both have been reported to affect thyroid function, seaweed because of its iodine content and soy because of its goitrogenic effect. Twenty-five healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 58 years) completed a double-blinded randomized crossover study. Ten capsules (5 g/day) of placebo or seaweed (Alaria esculenta), providing 475 microg of iodine/day, were consumed daily for 7 weeks. A powdered soy protein isolate (Solae Co., St. Louis, MO), providing 2 mg of isoflavones/kg of body weight, was given daily during the last week of each treatment arm. On average, this provided 141.3 mg of isoflavones/day and 67.5 g of protein/day. Blood samples and 48-hour urine samples were collected before and after each intervention period, and urinary I/C (microg of iodine/g of creatinine) and serum thyroxine, free thyroxine index, total triiodothyronine, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Seaweed ingestion increased I/C concentrations (P < .0001) and serum TSH (P < .0001) (1.69 +/- 0.22 vs. 2.19 +/- 0.22 microU/mL, mean +/- SE). Soy supplementation did not affect thyroid end points. Seven weeks of 5 g/day seaweed supplementation was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in TSH. Soy protein isolate supplementation was not associated with changes in serum thyroid hormone concentrations.
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Leite-Silva C, Gusmão CLS, Takahashi CS. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Fucus vesiculosus extract on cultured human lymphocytes using the chromosome aberration and Comet assays. Genet Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572007000100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sugawara T, Matsubara K, Akagi R, Mori M, Hirata T. Antiangiogenic activity of brown algae fucoxanthin and its deacetylated product, fucoxanthinol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:9805-10. [PMID: 17177505 DOI: 10.1021/jf062204q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The antiangiogenic effects of fucoxanthin and a deacetylated product, fucoxanthinol, were examined. Fucoxanthin significantly suppressed HUVEC proliferation and tube formation at more than 10 microM, but it had no significant effect on HUVEC chemotaxis. The formation of blood vessel-like structures from CD31-positive cells was evaluated using embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies. Fucoxanthin effectively suppressed the development of these structures at 10-20 microM, suggesting that it could suppress differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells into endothelial cells involving new blood vessel formation. Fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol suppressed microvessel outgrowth in an ex vivo angiogenesis assay using a rat aortic ring, in a dose-dependent manner. These results imply that fucoxanthin having antiangiogenic activity might be useful in preventing angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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40
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Hwang H, Chen T, Nines RG, Shin HC, Stoner GD. Photochemoprevention of UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice by brown algae polyphenols. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:2742-9. [PMID: 17019718 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in the induction of skin cancer. In this study, the effect of dietary feeding and topical application of brown algae polyphenols on UVB radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice was investigated. SKH-1 hairless mice were randomly divided into 9 groups, including control, UVB control and treatment groups. They were treated orally (0.1% and 0.5% with AIN-76 diet, w/w) and topically (3 and 6 mg/0.2 ml of vehicle) with brown algae polyphenols and irradiated with UVB for 26 weeks. Dietary feeding (0.1% and 0.5%) of brown algae polyphenols significantly reduced tumor multiplicity (45% and 56%) and tumor volume (54% and 65%), and topical administration (3 and 6 mg) significantly decreased tumor multiplicity (60% and 46%) and tumor volume (66% and 57%), respectively, per tumor-bearing mouse. Dietary feeding and topical administration of the polyphenols also inhibited tumor incidence by 6% and 21%, respectively, but the results were not significant. Dietary and topical administration of the polyphenols markedly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 activity and cell proliferation. These observations show that brown algae polyphenols have an antiphotocarcinogenic effect which may be associated with the prevention of UVB-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Hwang
- Chemoprevention and Support Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Cho YM, Imai T, Hasumura M, Hirose M. Lack of enhancement of susceptibility to mammary and thyroid carcinogenesis in rats exposed to DMBA and DHPN following prepubertal iodine deficiency. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:1031-6. [PMID: 16984376 PMCID: PMC11158189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that iodine deficiency increases the risk of mammary as well as thyroid cancers, but susceptibility to tumor development when this occurs during the prepubertal stage is not completely understood. In the present study, we therefore evaluated this question in F344 rats. Dams during the lactation period and their weaned offspring until postnatal week 7 were fed an iodine-free diet. Female offspring were then given 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA, 50 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for mammary tumor induction in week 7. Both the male and female rats were given free access to drinking water containing N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN), (0.1 and 0.2% for male and female rats, respectively) for wide spectrum tumor induction in organs, including the thyroid gland, from weeks 7-11. All offspring were killed at week 50 for histopathological examination. The iodine deficiency had no significant influence on incidences and/or multiplicities of mammary and thyroid tumors. Furthermore, tumor induction in the liver, kidney, lung, esophagus and urinary bladder was not affected in either sex. The present results thus indicate a lack of influence of iodine deficiency condition early in life on subsequent carcinogenic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Man Cho
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Shrivastava A, Tiwari M, Sinha RA, Kumar A, Balapure AK, Bajpai VK, Sharma R, Mitra K, Tandon A, Godbole MM. Molecular iodine induces caspase-independent apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells involving the mitochondria-mediated pathway. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:19762-71. [PMID: 16679319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600746200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular iodine (I2) is known to inhibit the induction and promotion of N-methyl-n-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis, to regress 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced breast tumors in rat, and has also been shown to have beneficial effects in fibrocystic human breast disease. Cytotoxicity of iodine on cultured human breast cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, ZR-75-1, and T-47D, is reported in this communication. Iodine induced apoptosis in all of the cell lines tested, except MDA-MB-231, shown by sub-G1 peak analysis using flow cytometry. Iodine inhibited proliferation of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; however, it did not induce apoptosis in these cells. The iodine-induced apoptotic mechanism was studied in MCF-7 cells. DNA fragmentation analysis confirmed internucleosomal DNA degradation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling established that iodine induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells. Iodine-induced apoptosis was independent of caspases. Iodine dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, exhibited antioxidant activity, and caused depletion in total cellular thiol content. Western blot results showed a decrease in Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the activation and mitochondrial membrane localization of Bax. Ectopic Bcl-2 overexpression did not rescue iodine-induced cell death. Iodine treatment induces the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to the nucleus, and treatment of N-acetyl-L-cysteine prior to iodine exposure restored basal thiol content, ROS levels, and completely inhibited nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and subsequently cell death, indicating that thiol depletion may play an important role in iodine-induced cell death. These results demonstrate that iodine treatment activates a caspase-independent and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
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Das SK, Hashimoto T, Baba M, Nishino H, Komoto A, Kanazawa K. Japanese Kelp (Kombu) Extract Suppressed the Formation of Aberrant Crypt Foci in Azoxymethane Challenged Mouse Colon. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2006. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.38.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Upadhyay G, Singh R, Sharma R, Balapure AK, Godbole MM. Differential action of iodine on mitochondria from human tumoral- and extra-tumoral tissue in inducing the release of apoptogenic proteins. Mitochondrion 2005; 2:199-210. [PMID: 16120321 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7249(02)00068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2002] [Revised: 08/20/2002] [Accepted: 08/27/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Iodide is actively concentrated in the thyroid gland for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Excess iodine has been observed to induce apoptosis in thyrocytes and mammary cells. The mechanism of iodine induced apoptosis is poorly understood. Among various cell organelles, mitochondria is known to provide conducive environment for the organification of iodine, i.e. iodination of different proteins. Mitochondria also play a central role in execution of apoptosis. To study the role of mitochondria in iodine induced apoptosis, we investigated the direct interaction of iodine and human breast mitochondria vis-a-vis its role in the initiation of apoptosis in vitro. We observed that mitochondria isolated from the tumor (TT) and extra-tumoral tissue (ET) of human breast display significant uptake of iodine. Mitochondrial proteins were observed to be predominantly iodinated in ET but not in TT mitochondria. Treatment with iodine showed an increase in mitochondrial permeability transition of TT and decrease in ET. Iodine induced released factor(s) other than cytochrome c from tumor mitochondria initiate(s) apoptosis in vitro, while those from ET mitochondria were non-apoptogenic in nature. To our knowledge, this is first report demonstrating that iodine acts differentially on mitochondria of tumor and extratumoral origin to release apoptogenic proteins from TT and has a protective effect on ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Upadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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García-Solís P, Alfaro Y, Anguiano B, Delgado G, Guzman RC, Nandi S, Díaz-Muñoz M, Vázquez-Martínez O, Aceves C. Inhibition of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis by molecular iodine (I2) but not by iodide (I-) treatment Evidence that I2 prevents cancer promotion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005; 236:49-57. [PMID: 15922087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effect of molecular iodine (I2), potassium iodide (KI) and a subclinical concentration of thyroxine (T4) on the induction and promotion of mammary cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats received short or continuous treatment. Continuous I2 treated rats exhibited a strong and persistent reduction in mammary cancer incidence (30%) compared to controls (72.7%). Interruption of short or long term treatments resulted in a higher incidence in mammary cancer compared to the control groups. The protective effect of I2 was correlated with the highest expression of the I-/Cl- transporter pendrin and with the lowest levels of lipoperoxidation expression in mammary glands. Triiodothyronine serum levels and Na+/I- symporter, lactoperoxidase, or p53 expression did not show any changes. In conclusion continuous I2 treatment has a potent antineoplastic effect on the progression of mammary cancer and its effect may be related to a decrease in the oxidative cell environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Solís
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 15 Carretera Qro-SLP, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
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Aceves C, Anguiano B, Delgado G. Is iodine a gatekeeper of the integrity of the mammary gland? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2005; 10:189-96. [PMID: 16025225 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-005-5401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews evidence showing iodine as an antioxidant and antiproliferative agent contributing to the integrity of normal mammary gland. Seaweed is an important dietary component in Asian communities and a rich source of iodine in several chemical forms. The high consumption of this element (25 times more than in Occident) has been associated with the low incidence of benign and cancer breast disease in Japanese women. In animal and human studies, molecular iodine (I(2)) supplementation exerts a suppressive effect on the development and size of both benign and cancer neoplasias. This effect is accompanied by a significant reduction in cellular lipoperoxidation. Iodine, in addition to its incorporation into thyroid hormones, is bound into antiproliferative iodolipids in the thyroid called iodolactones, which may also play a role in the proliferative control of mammary gland. We propose that an I(2) supplement should be considered as an adjuvant in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aceves
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla.
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Huang HL, Wu SL, Liao HF, Jiang CM, Huang RL, Chen YY, Yang YC, Chen YJ. Induction of apoptosis by three marine algae through generation of reactive oxygen species in human leukemic cell lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:1776-81. [PMID: 15740073 DOI: 10.1021/jf049445n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the antitumor effect of marine algae extracts on human hepatoma and leukemia cells. Ethyl acetate extracts from Colpomenia sinuosa (Cs-EA), Halimeda discoidae (Hd-EA), and Galaxaura oblongata (Go-EA) directly inhibited the growth of human hepatoma HuH-7 cells and leukemia U937 and HL-60 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Specifically, these algae extracts induced apoptosis of U937 and HL-60 cells as evaluated by detection of hypodiploid cells using flow cytometry and observation of condensed and fragmented nuclei in algae extract-treated cells. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, were increased about 2-3-fold in U937 cells treated with Cs-EA for 3-5 h. Interestingly, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine effectively blocked Cs-EA-, Hd-EA-, and Go-EA-induced apoptosis, suggesting that ROS is a key mediator in the apoptotic signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results show that algae extracts induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells through generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Lan Huang
- Department of Medical Research and of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Skibola CF, Curry JD, VandeVoort C, Conley A, Smith MT. Brown kelp modulates endocrine hormones in female sprague-dawley rats and in human luteinized granulosa cells. J Nutr 2005; 135:296-300. [PMID: 15671230 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that populations consuming typical Asian diets have a lower incidence of hormone-dependent cancers than populations consuming Western diets. These dietary differences have been mainly attributed to higher soy intakes among Asians. However, studies from our laboratory suggest that the anti-estrogenic effects of dietary kelp also may contribute to these reduced cancer rates. As a follow-up to previous findings of endocrine modulation related to kelp ingestion in a pilot study of premenopausal women, we investigated the endocrine modulating effects of kelp (Fucus vesiculosus) in female rats and human luteinized granulosa cells (hLGC). Kelp administration lengthened the rat estrous cycle from 4.3 +/- 0.96 to 5.4 +/- 1.7 d at 175 mg . kg(-1) body wt . d(-1) (P = 0.05) and to 5.9 +/- 1.9 d at 350 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1) (P = 0.002) and also led to a 100% increase in the length of diestrus (P = 0.02). Following 175 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1) treatment for 2 wk, serum 17beta-estradiol levels were reduced from 48.9 +/- 4.5 to 40.2 +/- 3.2 ng/L (P = 0.13). After 4 wk, 17beta-estradiol levels were reduced to 36.7 +/- 2.2 ng/L (P = 0.02). In hLGC, 25, 50, and 75 micromol/L treatment reduced 17beta-estradiol levels from 4732 +/- 591 to 3632 +/- 758, 3313 +/- 373, and 3060 +/- 538 ng/L, respectively. Kelp treatment also led to modest elevations in hLGC culture progesterone levels. Kelp extract inhibited the binding of estradiol to estrogen receptor alpha and beta and that of progesterone to the progesterone receptor, with IC(50) values of 42.4, 31.8, and 40.7 micromol/L, respectively. These data show endocrine modulating effects of kelp at relevant doses and suggest that dietary kelp may contribute to the lower incidence of hormone-dependent cancers among the Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Skibola
- School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Teas J, Pino S, Critchley A, Braverman LE. Variability of iodine content in common commercially available edible seaweeds. Thyroid 2004; 14:836-41. [PMID: 15588380 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary seaweeds, common in Asia and in Asian restaurants, have become established as part of popular international cuisine. To understand the possibility for iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction better, we collected samples of the most common dietary seaweeds available from commercial sources in the United States, as well as harvester-provided samples from Canada, Tasmania, and Namibia. Altogether, 12 different species of seaweeds were analyzed for iodine content, and found to range from 16 microg/g (+/-2) in nori (Porphyra tenera) to over 8165 +/- 373 microg/g in one sample of processed kelp granules (a salt substitute) made from Laminaria digitata. We explored variation in preharvest conditions in a small study of two Namibian kelps (Laminaria pallida and Ecklonia maxima), and found that iodine content was lowest in sun-bleached blades (514 +/- 42 microg/g), and highest amount in freshly cut juvenile blades (6571 +/- 715 microg/g). Iodine is water-soluble in cooking and may vaporize in humid storage conditions, making average iodine content of prepared foods difficult to estimate. It is possible some Asian seaweed dishes may exceed the tolerable upper iodine intake level of 1100 microg/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Teas
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina and the South Carolina Cancer Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Skibola CF. The effect of Fucus vesiculosus, an edible brown seaweed, upon menstrual cycle length and hormonal status in three pre-menopausal women: a case report. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2004; 4:10. [PMID: 15294021 PMCID: PMC514561 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-4-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of estrogen-dependent cancers are among the highest in Western countries and lower in the East. These variations may be attributable to differences in dietary exposures such as higher seaweed consumption among Asian populations. The edible brown kelp, Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack), as well as other brown kelp species, lower plasma cholesterol levels. Since cholesterol is a precursor to sex hormone biosynthesis, kelp consumption may alter circulating sex hormone levels and menstrual cycling patterns. In particular, dietary kelp may be beneficial to women with or at high risk for estrogen-dependent diseases. To test this, bladderwrack was administered to three pre-menopausal women with abnormal menstrual cycling patterns and/or menstrual-related disease histories. CASE PRESENTATION Intake of bladderwrack was associated with significant increases in menstrual cycle lengths, ranging from an increase of 5.5 to 14 days. In addition, hormone measurements ascertained for one woman revealed significant anti-estrogenic and progestagenic effects following kelp administration. Mean baseline 17beta-estradiol levels were reduced from 626 +/- 91 to 164 +/- 30 pg/ml (P = 0.04) following 700 mg/d, which decreased further to 92.5.0 +/- 3.5pg/ml (P = 0.03) with the 1.4 g/d dose. Mean baseline progesterone levels rose from 0.58 +/- 0.14 to 8.4 +/- 2.6 ng/ml with the 700 mg/d dose (P = 0.1), which increased further to 16.8 +/- 0.7 ng/ml with the 1.4 g/d dose (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS These pilot data suggest that dietary bladderwrack may prolong the length of the menstrual cycle and exert anti-estrogenic effects in pre-menopausal women. Further, these studies also suggest that seaweed may be another important dietary component apart from soy that is responsible for the reduced risk of estrogen-related cancers observed in Japanese populations. However, these studies will need to be performed in well-controlled clinical trials to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Skibola
- School of Public Health, Molecular Epidemiology and Toxicology Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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