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Thiruppathi J, Vijayan V, Park IK, Lee SE, Rhee JH. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy with photodynamic therapy and nanoparticle: making tumor microenvironment hotter to make immunotherapeutic work better. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375767. [PMID: 38646546 PMCID: PMC11026591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous advancements in treating various malignancies. The biggest hurdle to successful immunotherapy would be the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and low immunogenicity of cancer cells. To make immunotherapy successful, the 'cold' TME must be converted to 'hot' immunostimulatory status to activate residual host immune responses. To this end, the immunosuppressive equilibrium in TME should be broken, and immunogenic cancer cell death ought to be induced to stimulate tumor-killing immune cells appropriately. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an efficient way of inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells and disrupting immune-restrictive tumor tissues. PDT would trigger a chain reaction that would make the TME 'hot' and have ICD-induced tumor antigens presented to immune cells. In principle, the strategic combination of PDT and immunotherapy would synergize to enhance therapeutic outcomes in many intractable tumors. Novel technologies employing nanocarriers were developed to deliver photosensitizers and immunotherapeutic to TME efficiently. New-generation nanomedicines have been developed for PDT immunotherapy in recent years, which will accelerate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Thiruppathi
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center (MRC), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Veena Vijayan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center (MRC), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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Yang JK, Kwon H, Kim S. Recent advances in light-triggered cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2650-2669. [PMID: 38353138 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Light-triggered phototherapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), have shown strong therapeutic efficacy with minimal invasiveness and systemic toxicity, offering opportunities for tumor-specific therapies. Phototherapies not only induce direct tumor cell killing, but also trigger anti-tumor immune responses by releasing various immune-stimulating factors. In recent years, conventional phototherapies have been combined with cancer immunotherapy as synergistic therapeutic modalities to eradicate cancer by exploiting the innate and adaptive immunity. These combined photoimmunotherapies have demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy in preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis compared to phototherapy alone. This review covers recent advancements in combined photoimmunotherapy, including photoimmunotherapy (PIT), PDT-combined immunotherapy, and PTT-combined immunotherapy, along with their underlying anti-tumor immune response mechanisms. In addition, the challenges and future research directions for light-triggered cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyoung Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hayoon Kwon
- Chemical & Biological integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical & Biological integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Radiovaccination Strategy for Cancer Treatment Integrating Photodynamic Therapy-Generated Vaccines with Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012263. [PMID: 36293116 PMCID: PMC9602685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have become firmly established as a reliable and proficient form of tumor immunotherapy. They represent a promising approach for substantial advancements in the successful treatment of malignant diseases. One attractive vaccine strategy is using, as the vaccine material, the whole tumor cells treated ex vivo by rapid tumor ablation therapies that instigate stress signaling responses culminating in immunogenic cell death (ICD). One such treatment is photodynamic therapy (PDT). The underlying mechanisms and critical elements responsible for the potency of these vaccines are discussed in this review. Radiotherapy has emerged as a suitable component for the combined therapy protocols with the vaccines. Arguments and prospects for optimizing tumor control using a radiovaccination strategy involving X-ray irradiation plus PDT vaccines are presented, together with the findings supporting its validity.
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Muñoz-Mata LS, López-Cárdenas MT, Espinosa-Montesinos A, Sosa-Delgado SM, Rosales-García VH, Moreno-Lafont MC, Ramón-Gallegos E. Photodynamic therapy stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 in responding patients with HPV infection associated or not with LSIL. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Nkune NW, Simelane NWN, Montaseri H, Abrahamse H. Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Immune Responses in Three-Dimensional Tumor Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12618. [PMID: 34884424 PMCID: PMC8657498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive phototherapeutic approach for cancer therapy that can eliminate local tumor cells and produce systemic antitumor immune responses. In recent years, significant efforts have been made in developing strategies to further investigate the immune mechanisms triggered by PDT. The majority of in vitro experimental models still rely on the two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures that do not mimic a three-dimensional (3D) cellular environment in the human body, such as cellular heterogeneity, nutrient gradient, growth mechanisms, and the interaction between cells as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM) and therapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments. In addition, in vivo animal studies are highly expensive and time consuming, which may also show physiological discrepancies between animals and humans. In this sense, there is growing interest in the utilization of 3D tumor models, since they precisely mimic different features of solid tumors. This review summarizes the characteristics and techniques for 3D tumor model generation. Furthermore, we provide an overview of innate and adaptive immune responses induced by PDT in several in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Future perspectives are highlighted for further enhancing PDT immune responses as well as ideal experimental models for antitumor immune response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.W.N.); (N.W.N.S.); (H.M.)
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Alzeibak R, Mishchenko TA, Shilyagina NY, Balalaeva IV, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Targeting immunogenic cancer cell death by photodynamic therapy: past, present and future. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001926. [PMID: 33431631 PMCID: PMC7802670 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed major breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy. This development has been largely motivated by cancer cell evasion of immunological control and consequent tumor resistance to conventional therapies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is considered one of the most promising ways to achieve total tumor cell elimination. It activates the T-cell adaptive immune response and results in the formation of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anticancer treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, we first discuss the role of PDT based on several classes of photosensitizers, including porphyrins and non-porphyrins, and critically evaluate their potential role in ICD induction. We emphasize the emerging trend of ICD induction by PDT in combination with nanotechnology, which represents third-generation photosensitizers and involves targeted induction of ICD by PDT. However, PDT also has some limitations, including the reduced efficiency of ICD induction in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we critically evaluate strategies for overcoming this limitation, which is essential for increasing PDT efficiency. In the final part, we suggest several areas for future research for personalized cancer immunotherapy, including strategies based on oxygen-boosted PDT and nanoparticles. In conclusion, the insights from the last several years increasingly support the idea that PDT is a powerful strategy for inducing ICD in experimental cancer therapy. However, most studies have focused on mouse models, but it is necessary to validate this strategy in clinical settings, which will be a challenging research area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Alzeibak
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Y Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory (CDIT), Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Yang S, Chen C, Qiu Y, Xu C, Yao J. Paying attention to tumor blood vessels: Cancer phototherapy assisted with nano delivery strategies. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120562. [PMID: 33278682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer phototherapy has attracted increasing attention for its promising effectiveness and relative non-invasiveness. Over the past years, tremendous efforts have been made to develop better phototherapy strategies with various nano delivery systems. This review introduces cancer phototherapy strategies based on tumor blood vessels for improved therapeutic outcomes from the angle of direct tumor destruction and improved delivery process assisted with nano delivery designs. Latest directions and ideas of cancer phototherapy with translation potential are also discussed. Focusing on the double role of tumor vessels not only as an anti-tumor target but also as part of the delivery process, we highlight the crosstalk between photo-induced extensive effects and the complicated drug delivery process. Due to the heterogeneity of tumors, deeper investigations about the interconnection between tumor vessels and cancer phototherapy remain to be carried out. More delicate and intelligent nano delivery systems are expected to help realize the full potential of this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Shen L, Zhou T, Fan Y, Chang X, Wang Y, Sun J, Xing L, Jiang H. Recent progress in tumor photodynamic immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Immune Responses Triggered in Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy: Clinical Recommendations. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020333. [PMID: 31991650 PMCID: PMC7074240 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer strategy utilizing light-mediated activation of a photosensitizer (PS) which has accumulated in tumor and/or surrounding vasculature. Upon activation, the PS mediates tumor destruction through the generation of reactive oxygen species and tumor-associated vasculature damage, generally resulting in high tumor cure rates. In addition, a PDT-induced immune response against the tumor has been documented in several studies. However, some contradictory results have been reported as well. With the aim of improving the understanding and awareness of the immunological events triggered by PDT, this review focuses on the immunological effects post-PDT, described in preclinical and clinical studies. The reviewed preclinical evidence indicates that PDT is able to elicit a local inflammatory response in the treated site, which can develop into systemic antitumor immunity, providing long-term tumor growth control. Nevertheless, this aspect of PDT has barely been explored in clinical studies. It is clear that further understanding of these events can impact the design of more potent PDT treatments. Based on the available preclinical knowledge, recommendations are given to guide future clinical research to gain valuable information on the immune response induced by PDT. Such insights directly obtained from cancer patients can only improve the success of PDT treatment, either alone or in combination with immunomodulatory approaches.
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Rajendrakumar SK, Uthaman S, Cho CS, Park IK. Nanoparticle-Based Phototriggered Cancer Immunotherapy and Its Domino Effect in the Tumor Microenvironment. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1869-1887. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kalash Rajendrakumar
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
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Wu C, Wang L, Tian Y, Guan X, Liu Q, Li S, Qin X, Yang H, Liu Y. "Triple-Punch" Anticancer Strategy Mediated by Near-Infrared Photosensitizer/CpG Oligonucleotides Dual-Dressed and Mitochondria-Targeted Nanographene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6942-6955. [PMID: 29400948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine-based combination therapy has sparked a growing interest in clinical disease treatment and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, a mitochondria-targeted and near-infrared (NIR) light-activable multitasking nanographene (i.e., GT/IR820/DP-CpG) was engineered to in situ trigger highly efficient "triple-punch" strategy of cancer photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Modification of triphenylphosphonium on graphene made the vehicle specifically guide the NIR dye IR820 home to mitochondria, followed by lysosomes escape in a time-dependent manner. The photoactive nanocomplex generated an abundant reactive oxygen species as well as photothermal heat to ultimately kill cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial collapse and irreversible cell apoptosis upon the NIR laser irradiation. Further introduction of an immunostimulatory conjugate DP-CpG significantly promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ) and thus improved the immunogenicity of tumors. In vivo studies demonstrated that GT/IR820/DP-CpG remarkably inhibited tumor growth (tumor inhibition rate, ∼88%) resulting from the combinational phototherapeutic effect of IR820 and immunostimulatory activity of DP-CpG, thereby causing negligible toxic effects on mice. Our work provides a new paradigm of architecting organelle-targeted and stimulative nanocomplex for highly efficient cancer photoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Guan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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Kleinovink JW, van Driel PB, Snoeks TJ, Prokopi N, Fransen MF, Cruz LJ, Mezzanotte L, Chan A, Löwik CW, Ossendorp F. Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Specific Immunotherapy Efficiently Eradicates Established Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1459-68. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cafri G, Sharbi-Yunger A, Tzehoval E, Alteber Z, Gross T, Vadai E, Margalit A, Gross G, Eisenbach L. mRNA-transfected Dendritic Cells Expressing Polypeptides That Link MHC-I Presentation to Constitutive TLR4 Activation Confer Tumor Immunity. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1391-1400. [PMID: 25997427 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have developed a novel genetic platform for improving dendritic cell (DC) induction of peptide-specific CD8 T cells, based on membrane-anchored β2-microglobulin (β2m) linked to a selected antigenic peptide at its N-terminus and to the cytosolic domain of toll-like receptor (TLR)4 C-terminally. In vitro transcribed mRNA transfection of antigen presenting cells resulted in polypeptides that efficiently coupled peptide presentation to cellular activation. In the present study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of such constructs in mRNA-transfected immature murine bone marrow-derived DCs. We show that the encoded peptide β2m-TLR4 products were expressed at the cell surface up to 72 hours and stimulated the maturation of DCs. In vivo, these DCs prompted efficient peptide-specific T-cell activation and target cell killing which were superior to those induced by peptide-loaded, LPS-stimulated DCs. This superiority was also evident in the ability to protect mice from tumor progression following the administration of B16F10.9 melanoma cells and to inhibit the development of pre-established B16F10.9 tumors. Our results provide evidence that the products of two recombinant genes encoding for peptide-hβ2m-TLR4 and peptide-hβ2m-K(b) expressed from exogenous mRNA can cooperate to couple Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC-I) peptide presentation to TLR-mediated signaling, offering a safe, economical and highly versatile genetic platform for a novel category of CTL-inducing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Cafri
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Adi Sharbi-Yunger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Esther Tzehoval
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zoya Alteber
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Gross
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ezra Vadai
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Margalit
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Gideon Gross
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Lea Eisenbach
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 101:231-322. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xia Y, Gupta GK, Castano AP, Mroz P, Avci P, Hamblin MR. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as immune adjuvant enhances photodynamic therapy response in murine metastatic breast cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:897-905. [PMID: 23922221 PMCID: PMC3917974 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women. The side effects and complications following current breast cancer therapy can be devastating. Moreover, the prognosis in late stages of the diseases is usually poor. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that is capable of both local tumor destruction and immune stimulation. However, treatment with PDT alone is often non-curative due to tumor-induced immune cell dysfunction and immune suppression. This phenomenon has motivated a new approach by combining immunostimulants with PDT to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In the present study, we investigated PDT mediated by verteporfin and 690 nm light delivered 15 min later, in combination with an immunomodulation approach using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for the treatment of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer in a BALB/c immunocompetent mouse model. In vitro, CpG primed immature dendritic cells (DC) via toll like receptor 9 to phagocytose PDT killed tumor cells leading to DC maturation and activation. Peritumoral injection of CpG after PDT in mice gave improved local tumor control and a survival advantage compared to either treatment alone (p < 0.05). CpG may be a valuable dendritic cell targeted immunoadjuvant to combine with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Xia
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav K. Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana P. Castano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pawel Mroz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Guo L, Yan DD, Yang D, Li Y, Wang X, Zalewski O, Yan B, Lu W. Combinatorial photothermal and immuno cancer therapy using chitosan-coated hollow copper sulfide nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5670-81. [PMID: 24801008 PMCID: PMC4072412 DOI: 10.1021/nn5002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared light-responsive inorganic nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the efficacy of cancer photothermal ablation therapy. However, current nanoparticle-mediated photothermal ablation is more effective in treating local cancer at the primary site than metastatic cancer. Here, we report the design of a near-infrared light-induced transformative nanoparticle platform that combines photothermal ablation with immunotherapy. The design is based on chitosan-coated hollow CuS nanoparticles that assemble the immunoadjuvants oligodeoxynucleotides containing the cytosine-guanine (CpG) motifs. Interestingly, these structures break down after laser excitation, reassemble, and transform into polymer complexes that improve tumor retention of the immunotherapy. In this "photothermal immunotherapy" approach, photothermal ablation-induced tumor cell death reduces tumor growth and releases tumor antigens into the surrounding milieu, while the immunoadjuvants potentiate host antitumor immunity. Our results indicated that combined photothermal immunotherapy is more effective than either immunotherapy or photothermal therapy alone against primary treated and distant untreated tumors in a mouse breast cancer model. These hollow CuS nanoparticles are biodegradable and can be eliminated from the body after laser excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangran Guo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Daisy D. Yan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Yajuan Li
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Olivia Zalewski
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Address correspondence to
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Therapeutic Vaccine Strategies against Human Papillomavirus. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:422-62. [PMID: 26344626 PMCID: PMC4494257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause over 500,000 cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer cases per year. The transforming potential of HPVs is mediated by viral oncoproteins. These are essential for the induction and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Thus, HPV-mediated malignancies pose the unique opportunity in cancer vaccination to target immunologically foreign epitopes. Therapeutic HPV vaccination is therefore an ideal scenario for proof-of-concept studies of cancer immunotherapy. This is reflected by the fact that a multitude of approaches has been utilized in therapeutic HPV vaccination design: protein and peptide vaccination, DNA vaccination, nanoparticle- and cell-based vaccines, and live viral and bacterial vectors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of completed and ongoing clinical trials in therapeutic HPV vaccination (summarized in tables), and also highlights selected promising preclinical studies. Special emphasis is given to adjuvant science and the potential impact of novel developments in vaccinology research, such as combination therapies to overcome tumor immune suppression, the use of novel materials and mouse models, as well as systems vaccinology and immunogenetics approaches.
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Cunderlíková B, Vasovič V, Randeberg LL, Christensen E, Warloe T, Nesland JM, Peng Q. Modification of extracorporeal photopheresis technology with porphyrin precursors. Comparison between 8-methoxypsoralen and hexaminolevulinate in killing human T-cell lymphoma cell lines in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2702-8. [PMID: 24915603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal photopheresis that exposes isolated white blood cells to 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light is used for the management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and graft-versus-host disease. 8-MOP binds to DNA of both tumor and normal cells, thus increasing the risk of carcinogenesis of normal cells; and also kills both tumor and normal cells with no selectivity after UV-A irradiation. Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-induced protoporphyrin-IX is a potent photosensitizer that localizes at membranous structures outside of the nucleus of a cell. HAL-mediated photodynamic therapy selectively destroys activated/transformed lymphocytes and induces systemic anti-tumor immunity. The aim of the present study was to explore the possibility of using HAL instead of 8-MOP to kill cells after UV-A exposure. METHODS Human T-cell lymphoma Jurkat and Karpas 299 cell lines were used to evaluate cell photoinactivation after 8-MOP and/or HAL plus UV-A light with cell proliferation and long term survival assays. The mode of cell death was also analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Cell proliferation was decreased by HAL/UV-A, 8-MOP/UV-A or HAL/8-MOP/UV-A. At sufficient doses, the cells were killed by all the regimens; however, the mode of cell death was dependent on the treatment conditions. 8-MOP/UV-A produced apoptotic death exclusively; whereas both apoptosis and necrosis were induced by HAL/UV-A. CONCLUSION 8-MOP can be replaced by HAL to inactivate the Jurkat and Karpas 299 T-cell lymphoma cells after UV-A irradiation via apoptosis and necrosis. This finding may have an impact on improved efficacy of photopheresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cunderlíková
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; International Laser Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V Vasovič
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L L Randeberg
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Christensen
- Department of Dermatology, St Olav's University Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T Warloe
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J M Nesland
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty Division, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Q Peng
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Photonics Structure (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Friedberg JS. Intraoperative photodynamic therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: future or fad? Lung Cancer Manag 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/lmt.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Malignant pleural mesothelioma is one of the most lethal cancers known to man, typically resulting in a life expectancy of approximately 1 year from the time of diagnosis. Surgery remains investigational in the treatment of this cancer, yet the treatments that appear to have the greatest potential to impact the course of the disease are those that are surgery-based. The goal of surgery, as part of a multimodal treatment plan, is to achieve a macroscopic complete resection of the cancer. There are two surgical approaches, extrapleural pneumonectomy and lung-sparing surgery. Extrapleural pneumonectomy is the most standardized approach and almost certainly achieves the most complete resection, leaving behind the least amount of microscopic disease. Essentially, no aspects of lung-sparing operations are standardized and all techniques are likely to leave behind more microscopic cancer than an extrapleural pneumonectomy, yet this approach has the principal advantage of avoiding pneumonectomy for what is rightfully considered a palliative procedure. There are some recent reports revealing more favorable survivals for patients undergoing lung-sparing rather than lung-sacrificing surgery, but there is no conclusive evidence favoring either approach due to general limitations in the surgical literature for malignant pleural mesothelioma. One multimodal approach that has produced notably long survival rates incorporated radical pleurectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with intraoperative photodynamic therapy, a light-based cancer treatment. There is speculation that a photodynamic therapy-initiated immune response may have played a role in these results, but this has not been established. The contribution, if any, of photodynamic therapy to these results is an area of active investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Friedberg
- University of Pennsylvania, W266 Wright-Saunders, 51 North 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Therapeutic effects of systemic photodynamic therapy in a leukemia animal model using A20 cells. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:445-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Friedberg JS. Photodynamic therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: the future of treatment? Expert Rev Respir Med 2011; 5:49-63. [PMID: 21348586 DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a deadly incurable cancer, with a median survival of approximately 9 months. The best available chemotherapy, arguably the standard of care, only yields a 40% response rate and an 11-week extension in median survival. Surgery, the modality most likely to be associated with prolonged remission, remains investigational and must always be combined with other modalities in an effort to treat the microscopic disease that will remain even after the most aggressive operations. One such modality, photodynamic therapy, is a light-based cancer treatment that has features making it particularly well suited as a component of a surgery-based multimodal treatment plan. Utilizing intraoperative photodynamic therapy has enabled development of a less drastic surgical procedure that is also yielding some encouraging survival results. A unique aspect of photodynamic therapy is its stimulation of a tumor-directed immune response, a feature that offers promise for designing future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Friedberg
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Penn-Presbyterian Medical Center, 51 N 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Shirota H, Klinman DM. CpG-conjugated apoptotic tumor cells elicit potent tumor-specific immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:659-69. [PMID: 21318638 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-0973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of cancer immunotherapy is to elicit an immune response capable of eradicating established tumors and preventing tumor metastasis. One strategy to achieve this goal utilizes whole killed tumor cells as the primary immunogen. Killed tumor cells provide a comprehensive source of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), thereby eliminating the need to identify individual antigens. Unfortunately, killed tumor cells tend to be poorly immunogenic. To overcome this limitation, we covalently conjugated immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to apoptotic tumor cells and examined their ability to induce TAA-specific immune responses. Results indicate that CpG conjugation enhances the uptake of cell-based vaccines by dendritic cells (DCs), up-regulates co-stimulatory molecule expression, and promotes the production of immunostimulatory cytokines. Vaccination with CpG-conjugated tumor cells triggers the expansion of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that reduce the growth of established tumors and prevents their metastatic spread. Thus, conjugating CpG ODN to cell-based tumor vaccines is an important step toward improving cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Shirota
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Abstract
The development of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-generated cancer vaccines is potentially one of the most significant achievements in the field of PDT. Employing vaccine protocols optimizes the capacity of PDT of inducing a strong immune response against treated tumor due to the establishment of highly favourable conditions for maximizing the avidity of the immune reaction while sustaining and prolonging its tumor-destroying attack. While the introduction of PDT vaccines into the clinics and testing on patients is still in a very early phase, much work can still be done on further improvement of the potency of PDT vaccines. Considerable advances can be expected by identifying the most effective adjuvants to be used with PDT vaccines, which will most likely be different with different types of cancerous lesions.
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Abstract
Eradication of cancer by an intervention producing a potent immune response capable of rejecting both primary and metastatic deposits remains the most pragmatic approach in cancer therapy. Cancer vaccine generated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) is therefore of considerable interest, particularly as it is becoming increasingly clear that it holds unique prospects for optimally presenting tumor antigens and because of emerging indications that its efficacy can be further potentiated by continued development. The present report dissects the preparation of PDT vaccine in a mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Korbelik M, Merchant S, Huang N. Exploitation of immune response-eliciting properties of hypocrellin photosensitizer SL052-based photodynamic therapy for eradication of malignant tumors. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 85:1418-24. [PMID: 19709384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A diaminophenyl derivative of hypocrellin B (SL052) has been developed as a photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of solid tumors. Testing SL052-PDT on mouse carcinoma and fibrosarcoma models revealed a typical response seen with clinically established photosensitizers featuring initial rapid tumor ablation with ensuing recurrence at rates dependent on photosensitizer/light doses. Elevated numbers of immune cells were found in lymph nodes draining SCCVII mouse squamous cell carcinomas treated by SL052-PDT (in particular T cells), and the accumulation of degranulating cytotoxic T cells was detected at the tumor-treated site. This indicates that a significant contribution to tumor cures is elicited by an antitumor adaptive immune response. Two different immunotherapy agents, gamma-interferon and antibody blocking inhibitory FcgammaRIIB receptor, were both found to be highly effective in potentiating the curative effect of SL052-PDT with SCCVII tumors. Combining SL052-PDT with FcgammaRIIB-blocking antibody treatment caused a further increase in the number of cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes and in degranulating CD8+ cells, suggesting the amplification of the immune response induced by PDT. Vaccines consisting of SCCVII cells treated with SL052-PDT in vitro were effective in reducing growth of established subcutaneous SCCVII tumors. In conclusion, PDT mediated by SL052 is suitable to be integrated with various immunotherapy protocols.
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Wildeman MAM, Nyst HJ, Karakullukcu B, Tan BI. Photodynamic therapy in the therapy for recurrent/persistent nasopharyngeal cancer. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2009; 1:40. [PMID: 20017928 PMCID: PMC2809049 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To determine the efficacy of Photodynamic therapy of patients with recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma we reviewed all available literature. Since the treatment options for recurrent or persistent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma are limited, the survival rates poor and the complications severe; there is definitely a place for alternative treatment modalities with more efficacy and less morbidity. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to be a very effective local treatment modality for recurrent or persistent nasopharyngeal cancer, without the severe side effects seen with re-irradiation. This review shows all reported results of Photodynamic therapy in the treatment for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten A M Wildeman
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Qiang YG, Yow CMN, Huang Z. Combination of photodynamic therapy and immunomodulation: current status and future trends. Med Res Rev 2009; 28:632-44. [PMID: 18161883 DOI: 10.1002/med.20121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for the treatment of nonmalignant and malignant diseases from head to toe. Over the last decade its clinical application has gained increasing acceptance around the world. Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that, in addition to the direct local cytotoxicity and vascular effects, PDT can induce various host immune responses. Recent clinical data also show that improved clinical outcomes are obtained through the combination of PDT and immunomodulation. This review will summarize and discuss recent progress in developing innovative regimen of PDT combined with immunomodulation for the treatment of both nonmalignant and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Qiang
- Department of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Starkey JR, Rebane AK, Drobizhev MA, Meng F, Gong A, Elliott A, McInnerney K, Spangler CW. New Two-Photon Activated Photodynamic Therapy Sensitizers Induce Xenograft Tumor Regressions after Near-IR Laser Treatment through the Body of the Host Mouse. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6564-73. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Park EK, Bae SM, Kwak SY, Lee SJ, Kim YW, Han CH, Cho HJ, Kim KT, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Ahn WS. Photodynamic therapy with recombinant adenovirus AdmIL-12 enhances anti-tumour therapy efficacy in human papillomavirus 16 (E6/E7) infected tumour model. Immunology 2008; 124:461-8. [PMID: 18397271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers great promise as a new alternative for cancer treatment; however, its use remains experimental. Here we investigated the utility of adenoviral delivery of interleukin-12 (AdmIL-12) as an adjuvant for PDT in mouse tumour challenge model. PDT was performed by irradiating Radachlorin in C57BL/6 mice transplanted with TC-1 cells. PDT plus AdmIL-12 treatment for tumour suppression as well as specific immune responses were evaluated with the following tests: in vitro and in vivo tumour growth inhibition, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) assay, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay. Direct intratumoral injection of AdmIL-12 resulted in a significant suppression of tumour growth compared to the control group. Treatment of PDT along with AdmIL-12 further enhanced antitumour effects significantly higher than either AdmIL-12 or PDT alone. This combined treatment resulted in complete regression of 9-mm sized tumour in every animal. We also evaluated immune responses induced by these treatments. Combined treatment significantly increased the production level of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha compared with that by AdmIL-12 or PDT alone. PDT plus AdmIL-12 enhanced antitumour immunity through increased expansion of the CTL subset mediated by CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the high anti-cancer activity of PDT with AdmIL-12 is a powerful tool against cancer therapy and is a promising subject for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kanodia S, Da Silva DM, Kast WM. Recent advances in strategies for immunotherapy of human papillomavirus-induced lesions. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:247-59. [PMID: 17973257 PMCID: PMC4943456 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced lesions are distinct in that they have targetable foreign antigens, the expression of which is necessary to maintain the cancerous phenotype. Hence, they pose as a very attractive target for "proof of concept" studies in the development of therapeutic vaccines. This review will focus on the most recent clinical trials for the immunotherapy of mucosal and cutaneous HPV-induced lesions as well as emerging therapeutic strategies that have been tested in preclinical models for HPV-induced lesions. Progress in peptide-based vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, viral/bacterial vector-based vaccines, immune response modifiers, photodynamic therapy and T cell receptor based therapy for HPV will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kanodia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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