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Laubach M, Bessot A, McGovern J, Saifzadeh S, Gospos J, Segina DN, Kobbe P, Hildebrand F, Wille ML, Bock N, Hutmacher DW. An in vivo study to investigate an original intramedullary bone graft harvesting technology. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:349. [PMID: 37715198 PMCID: PMC10503043 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harvesting bone graft (BG) from the intramedullary canal to treat bone defects is largely conducted using the Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator (RIA) system. The RIA system uses irrigation fluid during harvesting, which may result in washout of osteoinductive factors. Here, we propose a new harvesting technology dedicated to improving BG collection without the potential washout effect of osteoinductive factors associated with irrigation fluid. This novel technology involves the conceptual approach of first aspirating the bone marrow (BM) with a novel aspirator prototype, followed by reaming with standard reamers and collecting the bone chips with the aspirator (reaming-aspiration method, R-A method). The aim of this study was to assess the harvesting efficacy and osteoinductive profile of the BG harvested with RIA 2 system (RIA 2 group) compared to the novel harvesting concept (aspirator + R-A method, ARA group). METHODS Pre-planning computed tomography (CT) imaging was conducted on 16 sheep to determine the femoral isthmus canal diameter. In this non-recovery study, sheep were divided into two groups: RIA 2 group (n = 8) and ARA group (n = 8). We measured BG weight collected from left femur and determined femoral cortical bone volume reduction in postoperative CT imaging. Growth factor and inflammatory cytokine amounts of the BGs were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. RESULTS The use of the stand-alone novel aspirator in BM collection, and in harvesting BG when the aspirator is used in conjunction with sequential reaming (R-A method) was proven feasible. ELISA results showed that the collected BG contained relevant amounts of growth factors and inflammatory cytokines in both the RIA 2 and the ARA group. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present the first results of an innovative concept for harvesting intramedullary BG. It is a prototype of a novel aspirator technology that enables the stepwise harvesting of first BM and subsequent bone chips from the intramedullary canal of long bones. Both the BG collected with the RIA 2 system and the aspirator prototype had the capacity to preserve the BG's osteoinductive microenvironment. Future in vivo studies are required to confirm the bone regenerative capacity of BG harvested with the innovative harvesting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laubach
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Agathe Bessot
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jacqui McGovern
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia
| | - Jonathan Gospos
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Daniel N Segina
- Department of Orthopaedics, Holmes Regional Trauma Center, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost, Halle, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Wille
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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Centeno CJ, Berger DR, Money BT, Dodson E, Urbanek CW, Steinmetz NJ. Percutaneous autologous bone marrow concentrate for knee osteoarthritis: patient-reported outcomes and progenitor cell content. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2022; 46:2219-2228. [PMID: 35932306 PMCID: PMC9492580 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, progressively debilitating joint disease, and the intra-articular injection of autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) may offer a minimally invasive method of harnessing the body's own connective tissue progenitor cells to counteract accompanying degenerative effects of the disease. However, the extent to which the progenitor cell content of BMC influences treatment outcomes is unclear. We sought to determine whether patient-reported outcome measures associated with BMC treatment for knee OA are related to the concentration of progenitor cells provided. METHODS In the present study, 65 patients (72 knees) underwent treatment for knee OA with autologous BMC and self-reported their outcomes for up to one year using follow-up questionnaires tracking function, pain, and percent improvement. A small fraction of each patient's BMC sample was reserved for quantification with a haematological analyzer and cryopreserved for subsequent analysis of potential connective tissue progenitor cells using a colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay. RESULTS Patients reported significant increases in function and overall percent improvement in addition to decreases in pain relative to baseline levels following treatment with autologous BMC that persisted through 12 months. Patients reporting improved outcomes (46 of 72 knees) received BMC injections having higher CFU-F concentrations than non-responding patients (21.1×103 ± 12.4×103 vs 14.3×103 ± 7.0 x103 CFU-F per mL). A progenitor cell concentration of 18×103 CFU-F per mL of BMC was found to best differentiate responders from non-responders. CONCLUSION This study provides supportive evidence for using autologous BMC in the minimally invasive treatment of knee OA and suggests that increased progenitor cell content leads to improved treatment outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03011398, 1/7/17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Centeno
- Centeno-Schultz Clinic, Broomfield, CO, USA
- Regenexx, Research and Development, Broomfield, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Ehren Dodson
- Regenexx, Research and Development, Broomfield, CO, USA
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Cryopreserved bone marrow aspirate concentrate as a cell source for the colony-forming unit fibroblast assay. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:486-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dragoo JL, Guzman RA. Evaluation of the Consistency and Composition of Commercially Available Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Systems. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967119893634. [PMID: 32010732 PMCID: PMC6970477 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119893634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) concentrate (BMAC) has gained popularity as a treatment modality for various orthopaedic conditions; however, there are still inconsistencies in its reported therapeutic efficacy. This may be because of the many different commercial BMAC preparation systems used clinically, which generate dissimilar concentrate products. Purpose: To compare 3 commercially available BMAC preparation systems: Harvest SmartPrep 3, Biomet BioCUE, and Arthrex Angel. We evaluated the consistency of each of these systems and compared the composition of their concentrate products. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 10 patients donated whole blood and BMA, which were combined and processed with the 3 different BMAC preparation systems. Samples were taken before and after processing for the measurement of white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), CD34+ cells, and colony-forming unit–fibroblast (CFU-F). To evaluate consistency, the variances of cell yield and concentration increase from baseline for each cell type were compared between systems. To compare concentrate product composition, differences between the systems’ mean cell yield and concentration increase from baseline for each cell type were evaluated. Results: The Harvest system (variance, 0.25) concentrated WBC more consistently than the Arthrex system (variance, 3.25) (P = .024), but no other differences in consistency were noted between the 3 systems. The Harvest system recovered the greatest percentage of CFU-F (82.4% ± 18.2%), CD34+ cells (81.1% ± 28.5%), and WBC (77.3% ± 8.6%), whereas the Biomet system recovered the greatest percentage of PLTs (92.9% ± 27.3%). The Arthrex system concentrated PLT to the greatest degree (11.10 ± 2.05 times baseline), while the Biomet system concentrated WBC to the greatest degree (5.99 ± 1.04 times baseline). Conclusion: The consistency of the 3 systems was similar for all but 1 of the evaluated cell types. However, the composition of the concentrate products differed across systems. This may grant each system unique advantages without having to sacrifice reproducibility. Clinical Relevance: Understanding the consistency of different BMAC preparation systems and their product makeup may aid in determining optimal therapeutic doses of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Dragoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Roberto A Guzman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
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Krüger T, Middeke JM, Stölzel F, Mütherig A, List C, Brandt K, Heidrich K, Teipel R, Ordemann R, Schuler U, Oelschlägel U, Wermke M, Kräter M, Herbig M, Wehner R, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M, von Bonin M. Reliable isolation of human mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow biopsy specimens in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Cytotherapy 2019; 22:21-26. [PMID: 31883948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from pretreated, hematologic patients is challenging. Especially after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), standard protocols using bone marrow aspirates fail to reliably recover sufficient cell numbers. Because MSCs are considered to contribute to processes that mainly affect the outcome after transplantation, such as an efficient lymphohematopoietic recovery, extent of graft-versus-host disease as well as the occurrence of leukemic relapse, it is of great clinical relevance to investigate MSC function in this context. Previous studies showed that MSCs can be isolated by collagenase digestion of large bone fragments of hematologically healthy patients undergoing hip replacement or knee surgeries. We have now further developed this procedure for the isolation of MSCs from hematologic patients after allogeneic HCT by using trephine biopsy specimens obtained during routine examinations. Comparison of aspirates and trephine biopsy specimens from patients after allogeneic HCT revealed a significantly higher frequency of clonogenic MSCs (colony-forming unit-fibroblast [CFU-F]) in trephine biopsy specimens (mean, 289.8 ± standard deviation 322.5 CFU-F colonies/1 × 106 total nucleated cells versus 4.2 ± 9.9; P < 0.0001). Subsequent expansion of functional MSCs isolated from trephine biopsy specimen was more robust and led to a significantly higher yield compared with control samples expanded from aspirates (median, 1.6 × 106; range, 0-2.3 × 107 P0 MSCs versus 5.4 × 104; range, 0-8.9 × 106; P < 0.0001). Using trephine biopsy specimens as MSC source facilitates the investigation of various clinical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Moritz Middeke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Mütherig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catrin List
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kalina Brandt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Heidrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raphael Teipel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Ordemann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schuler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wermke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; University Cancer Centrum (UCC), Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany; Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering TU Dresden Tatzberg 47-49, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Does the Harvesting Site Influence the Osteogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells? Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9178436. [PMID: 31191688 PMCID: PMC6525797 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9178436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) represents one of the commonest surgical procedures in the orthopedic field. Osteointegration of the implant with native bone is essential for an optimal result; thus, the quality of the patient's bone surrounding the implant (i.e., the bone stock) is crucial. However, in some cases, the bone stock is insufficient and needs to be improved with autologous grafts rich in multipotent cells (i.e., from the iliac crest, from the head of the femur, or from the subchondral bone harvested from the acetabulum) or allogenic frozen bone. It is not known if the harvesting site may influence the osteogenic potential of these cells. Thus, our aim was to characterize and compare multipotent cells collected from the bone marrow, acetabular subchondral bone, and trabecular bone on the femoral head with a focus on osteogenic differentiation. The cells from three sources had a fibroblast-like phenotype and expressed surface antigens CD73, CD90, and CD105 and are negative to CD11b, CD34, and CD45. Although all these cells could be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, they displayed different differentiation potentials. In osteogenic differentiation condition, the cells from the acetabulum had the lowest accumulation of calcium deposit while the cells originated from the bone marrow and femur created a considerably increased amount of the deposit. These findings were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In chondrogenic and adipogenic conditions, bone marrow cells possessed a predominant differential capacity compared with the others, illustrated by high collagen type II expression together with a cartilage-like lacuna structure and the presence of fat-specific markers, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing and demonstrating that the progenitor cells obtained from diverse surgical sites in hip replacement procedure share common characteristics of MSC but differ about plasticity and may provide rational for clinical application in cell therapy and bone grafting. The project number L1033 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03369457.
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Mardones R, Camacho D, Monsalvo F, Zulch N, Jofre C, Minguell JJ. Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by core decompression and implantation of fully functional ex vivo-expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a proof-of-concept study. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 12:11-16. [PMID: 30881048 PMCID: PMC6402444 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s181883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on several attributes involved in bone formation, bone marrow-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been employed in the treatment of patients suffering from femoral head osteonecrosis. Due to the low content of MSCs in the bone marrow, ex vivo expansion procedures are utilized to increase the cell number. Customarily, before administration of the resulting expanded cell product MSCs to the patient, its cellular identity is usually evaluated according to a set of “minimal phenotypic” markers, which are not modified by ex vivo processing. However, MSC functional (“reparative”) markers, which are severely impaired along the ex vivo expansion routine, are usually not assessed. Patients and methods In this proof-of-concept study, a cohort of five avascular osteonecrosis patients received an instillation of ex vivo-expanded autologous MSCs, manufactured under controlled conditions, with an aim to protect their functional (“reparative”) capacity. Results and conclusion Outcomes of this study confirmed the safety and effectiveness of the MSC-based therapy used. After a follow-up period (19–54 months), in all patients, the hip function was significantly improved and pain intensity markedly reduced. As a corollary, no patient required hip arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Camacho
- Department of Orthopedics, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Orthopedics, Instituto Traumatológico, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Nicolás Zulch
- Department of Orthopedics, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Jofre
- Centro de Terapia Regenerativa Celular, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile,
| | - José J Minguell
- Centro de Terapia Regenerativa Celular, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile,
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Sivasubramaniyan K, Ilas DC, Harichandan A, Bos PK, Santos DL, de Zwart P, Koevoet WJ, Owston H, Bühring HJ, Jones E, van Osch GJ. Bone Marrow-Harvesting Technique Influences Functional Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Cartilage Regeneration. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:3521-3531. [PMID: 30419181 PMCID: PMC6282158 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518804807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) from native bone marrow (BM) or their culture-expanded progeny, often referred to as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, represents a promising strategy for treatment of cartilage injuries. But the cartilage regeneration capacity of these cells remains unpredictable because of cell heterogeneity. HYPOTHESIS The harvest technique of BM may highly influence stem cell heterogeneity and, thus, cartilage formation because these cells have distinct spatial localization within BM from the same bone. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS CTPs obtained from the femur of patients undergoing total hip replacement by 2 harvest techniques-BM aspiration and BM collection-after bone rasping were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry and evaluated for chondrogenic ability. The spatial localization of different CTP subsets in BM was verified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cells from the BM after rasping were significantly more chondrogenic than the donor-matched aspirate, whereas no notable difference in their osteogenic or adipogenic potential was observed. The authors then assessed whether distinct immunophenotypically defined CTP subsets were responsible for the different chondrogenic capacity. Cells directly isolated from BM after rasping contained a higher percentage (mean, 7.2-fold) of CD45-CD271+CD56+ CTPs as compared with BM aspirates. The presence of this subset in the harvested BM strongly correlated with chondrogenic ability, showing that CD271+CD56+ cells are enriched in chondroprogenitors. Furthermore, evaluation of these CTP subsets in BM revealed that CD271+CD56+ cells were localized in the bone-lining regions whereas CD271+CD56- cells were found in the perivascular regions. Since the iliac crest remains a frequent site of BM harvest for musculoskeletal regeneration, the authors also compared the spatial distribution of these subsets in trabeculae of femoral head and iliac crest and found CD271+CD56+ bone-lining cells in both tissues. CONCLUSION Chondrogenically distinct CTP subsets have distinct spatial localization in BM; hence, the harvest technique of BM determines the efficiency of cartilage formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The harvest technique of BM may be of major importance in determining the clinical success of BM mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dragos C. Ilas
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Abhishek Harichandan
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands,Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pieter K. Bos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diego L. Santos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter de Zwart
- BG-Trauma-Center, Division of Arthroplasty, Department of Traumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wendy J.L.M. Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heather Owston
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hans-Jörg Bühring
- Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena Jones
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch, PhD, Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Room Ee1655, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000, the Netherlands ()
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Ferro T, Santhagunam A, Madeira C, Salgueiro JB, Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Successful isolation and ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells obtained from different synovial tissue‐derived (biopsy) samples. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3973-3984. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferro
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- CEDOC Chronic Diseases FCM NOVA
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Aruna Santhagunam
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Catarina Madeira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- CEDOC Chronic Diseases FCM NOVA
- NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - João B. Salgueiro
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO)—Hospital S. Francisco Xavier Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cláudia L. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
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10
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Janel A, Berger J, Bourgne C, Lemal R, Boiret-Dupré N, Dubois-Galopin F, Déchelotte P, Bothorel C, Hermet E, Chabi S, Bay JO, Lambert C, Pereira B, Pflumio F, Haddad R, Berger MG. Bone marrow hematons: An access point to the human hematopoietic niche. Am J Hematol 2017. [PMID: 28639326 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To understand the complex interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow niche, a human experimental model is needed. Our hypothesis is that hematons are an appropriate ex vivo model of human bone marrow. We analyzed the hierarchical hematopoietic cell content and the tissue organization of single hematons from healthy donors. Most (>90%) hematons contained precursors of all cell lineages, myeloid progenitors, and LTC-ICs without preferential commitment. Approximately, half of the hematons could generate significant levels of lympho-myeloid hematopoiesis after transplantation in an NSG mouse model, despite the low absolute numbers of transplanted CD34+ cells. Mesenchymal STRO-1+ and/or CD271+ cells formed a critical network that preserved hematon cohesion, and STRO-1+ cells colocalized with most hematopoietic CD34+ cells (68%). We observed an influence of age and gender. These structures represent a particularly attractive model for studying the homeostasis of the bone marrow niche and pathological changes that occur during diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janel
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Biologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Equipe d'accueil l'EA 7453 CHELTER; 1 place L. et R. Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 63003 France
| | - Juliette Berger
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Biologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Equipe d'accueil l'EA 7453 CHELTER; 1 place L. et R. Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 63003 France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, CRB-Auvergne; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Céline Bourgne
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Biologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Equipe d'accueil l'EA 7453 CHELTER; 1 place L. et R. Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 63003 France
| | - Richard Lemal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Equipe d'accueil l'EA 7453 CHELTER; 1 place L. et R. Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 63003 France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Clinique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Nathalie Boiret-Dupré
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Biologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Frédérique Dubois-Galopin
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Place du Docteur Baylac - TSA 40031 31059; Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Anatomie Pathologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Charlotte Bothorel
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Anatomie Pathologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Eric Hermet
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Clinique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Sara Chabi
- INSERM UMR967, CEA/DSV/iRCM, Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem cells and Leukemic Cells, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives; Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265 France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Bay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Equipe d'accueil l'EA 7453 CHELTER; 1 place L. et R. Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 63003 France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Clinique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Céline Lambert
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Département de Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Bd Léon Malfreyt; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Département de Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Bd Léon Malfreyt; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Françoise Pflumio
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Anatomie Pathologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Rima Haddad
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Anatomie Pathologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
| | - Marc G. Berger
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Biologique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Equipe d'accueil l'EA 7453 CHELTER; 1 place L. et R. Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 63003 France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, CRB-Auvergne; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Hématologie Clinique; 1 place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63003 France
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Oliver K, Awan T, Bayes M. Single- Versus Multiple-Site Harvesting Techniques for Bone Marrow Concentrate: Evaluation of Aspirate Quality and Pain. Orthop J Sports Med 2017; 5:2325967117724398. [PMID: 28890905 PMCID: PMC5580846 DOI: 10.1177/2325967117724398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow concentrate (BMC) is growing in popularity as an alternative treatment option in orthopaedics. The regenerative capacity of BMC has been linked to the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present in the graft at the time of its clinical application. MSC counts in bone marrow aspirate (BMA) are affected by harvest technique, but controversy exists over which aspiration method optimizes cellular yield while taking patient comfort and risk into consideration. PURPOSE To compare a single- versus multiple-site bone marrow aspiration technique to determine which would generate a sufficient volume of high-quality BMA for concentration into a BMC graft. The level of pain experienced by the patient was monitored, since patient comfort should be included in the determination of a safe and effective aspiration technique. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study and cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS BMC samples from 6 patients were sent to an outside source for laboratory analysis. All 6 participants underwent bilateral bone marrow aspiration. Each patient received both techniques at the posterior iliac crest: one side underwent a multiple-site aspiration technique, and the contralateral side underwent a single-site technique with needle redirection. BMA and BMC samples were analyzed for concentrations white blood cells, total nucleated cells, red blood cells, neutrophils, and hematopoietic stem cells. One BMC sample was cultured, and MSC analysis was performed via flow cytometry. All patients underwent monitoring of pain scores during and after the procedure through a visual analog pain scale at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after BMA. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the cell ratios of the single- and multiple-site groups. Both aspiration techniques were found to provide ample colony-forming units without a marked difference in appearance. Additionally, no significant difference was found between groups with regard to MSC numbers. Pain during and 24 hours after the procedure was significantly greater with the multiple-site method than the single-insertion method. CONCLUSION The single-insertion method produced final cellular concentrations and culture results that were not significantly different from those of a multiple-insertion method. Additionally, the single-insertion site technique was significantly less painful to the patient at the time of the procedure as well as 24 hours after aspiration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study indicated that a high-quality bone marrow aspirate is possible with a single-stick aspiration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Oliver
- Bluetail Medical Group, Columbia and St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tariq Awan
- Family Medicine/Sports Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Bayes
- Bluetail Medical Group, Columbia and St Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Pal B, Das B. In vitro Culture of Naïve Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Stemness Based Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:69. [PMID: 28884113 PMCID: PMC5572382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) resides in their niches in close proximity to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These naïve MSCs have tremendous potential in regenerative therapeutics, and may also be exploited by cancer and infectious disease agents. Hence, it is important to study the physiological and pathological roles of naïve MSC. However, our knowledge of naïve MSCs is limited by lack of appropriate isolation and in vitro culture methods. Established culture methods use serum rich media, and serial passaging for retrospective isolation of MSCs. These primed MSCs may not reflect the true physiological and pathological roles of naive MSCs (Figure 1). Therefore, there is a strong need for direct isolation and in vitro culture of naïve MSCs to study their stemness (self-renewal and undifferentiated state) and developmental ontogeny. We have taken a niche-based approach on stemness to better maintain naïve MSCs in vitro. In this approach, stemness is broadly divided as niche dependent (extrinsic), niche independent (intrinsic) and niche modulatory (altruistic or competitive). Using this approach, we were able to maintain naïve CD271+/CD133+ BM-MSCs for 2 weeks. Furthermore, this in vitro culture system helped us to identify naïve MSCs as a protective niche site for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative organism of pulmonary tuberculosis. In this review, we discuss the in vitro culture of primed vs. naïve human BM derived MSCs with a special focus on how a stemness based approach could facilitate the study of naïve BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Pal
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of TechnologyGuwahati, India
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13
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Salamanna F, Contartese D, Nicoli Aldini N, Barbanti Brodano G, Griffoni C, Gasbarrini A, Fini M. Bone marrow aspirate clot: A technical complication or a smart approach for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration? J Cell Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28639702 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the methods employed to improve healing of damaged tissues is the use of cellular based therapies. A number of regenerative medicine based strategies, from in vitro expanded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to "one-step" procedures using bone marrow (BM) in toto (BM aspirate; BMA) or BM concentrate (BMC), have been developed. Recently, orthopedic researchers focused their attention on the clinical therapeutic potential of BMC and BMA for musculoskeletal regeneration. BMA is reported as an excellent source of cells and growth factors. However, the quality of BM harvest and aspirate is extremely technique-dependent and, due to the presence of megakaryocytes and platelets, BMA is prone to clot. BMA clot formation is usually considered a complication hampering the procedures on both BMC preparation and MSC expansion. Therefore, different protocols have been developed to avoid and/or degrade clots. However, from a biological point of view there is a strong rationale for the use of BMA clot for tissue engineering strategies. This descriptive systematic literature review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies dealing the use of BMA clot for orthopedic procedures and provided some evidence supporting its use as a cell based therapy for cartilage and bone regeneration. Despite these results, there are still few preclinical and clinical studies that carefully evaluate the safety and efficacy of BMA clot in orthopedic procedures. Thus, implementing biological knowledge and both preclinical and clinical studies could help researchers and clinicians to understand if BMA clots can really be considered a possible therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovation and Advanced Therapy, Rizzoli RIT, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Deyanira Contartese
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolò Nicoli Aldini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbanti Brodano
- Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Griffoni
- Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gasbarrini
- Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovation and Advanced Therapy, Rizzoli RIT, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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Rubessa M, Polkoff K, Bionaz M, Monaco E, Milner DJ, Holllister SJ, Goldwasser MS, Wheeler MB. Use of Pig as a Model for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Bone Regeneration. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 28:275-287. [PMID: 28267421 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1279169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a plastic tissue with a large healing capability. However, extensive bone loss due to disease or trauma requires extreme therapy such as bone grafting or tissue-engineering applications. Presently, bone grafting is the gold standard for bone repair, but presents serious limitations including donor site morbidity, rejection, and limited tissue regeneration. The use of stem cells appears to be a means to overcome such limitations. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have been the choice thus far for stem cell therapy for bone regeneration. However, adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have similar immunophenotype, morphology, multilineage potential, and transcriptome compared to BMSC, and both types have demonstrated extensive osteogenic capacity both in vitro and in vivo in several species. The use of scaffolds in combination with stem cells and growth factors provides a valuable tool for guided bone regeneration, especially for complex anatomic defects. Before translation to human medicine, regenerative strategies must be developed in animal models to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The pig presents as a useful model due to similar macro- and microanatomy and favorable logistics of use. This review examines data that provides strong support for the clinical translation of the pig model for bone regeneration.
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Key Words
- ASC, adipose-derived stem cells
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- BMSC, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- Bone
- DEG, differentially expressed genes
- FDR, false-discovery rate
- HA, hydroxyapatite
- HA/TCP, hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head
- PCL, Poly (ϵ-caprolactone)
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PLGA, polylactic-coglycolic acid
- TCP, beta tri-calcium phosphate
- USSC, unrestricted somatic stem cell
- scaffolds
- stem cells
- swine
- tissue engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Rubessa
- a University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
| | - Kathryn Polkoff
- a University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
| | | | - Elisa Monaco
- b Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon , USA
| | - Derek J Milner
- a University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
| | | | - Michael S Goldwasser
- a University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA.,d New Hanover Regional Medical Center , Wilmington , North Carolina , USA
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- a University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois , USA
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Matsuura Y, Atsuta I, Ayukawa Y, Yamaza T, Kondo R, Takahashi A, Ueda N, Oshiro W, Tsukiyama Y, Koyano K. Therapeutic interactions between mesenchymal stem cells for healing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:119. [PMID: 27530108 PMCID: PMC4988021 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from a variety of tissues, including bone marrow, adipose, and mucosa. MSCs have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. Reports have been published on the systemic administration of MSCs leading to functional improvements by engraftment and differentiation, thus providing a new strategy to regenerate damaged tissues. Recently, it has become clear that MSCs possess immunomodulatory properties and can therefore be used to treat diseases. However, the therapeutic effect mechanisms of MSCs are yet to be determined. Here, we investigated these mechanisms using a medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)-like mouse model. Methods To generate MRONJ-like characteristics, mice received intravenous zoledronate and dexamethasone two times a week. At 1 week after intravenous injection, maxillary first molars were extracted, and at 1 week after tooth extraction, MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of the mice femurs and tibias. To compare “diseased MSCs” from MRONJ-like mice (d-MSCs) with “control MSCs” from untreated mice (c-MSCs), the isolated MSCs were analyzed by differentiation and colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assays and systemic transplantation of either d-MSCs or c-MSCs into MRONJ-like mice. Furthermore, we observed the exchange of cell contents among d-MSCs and c-MSCs during coculture with all combinations of each MSC type. Results d-MSCs were inferior to c-MSCs in differentiation and CFU-F assays. Moreover, the d-MSC-treated group did not show earlier healing in MRONJ-like mice. In cocultures with any combination, MSC pairs formed cell–cell contacts and exchanged cell contents. Interestingly, the exchange among c-MSCs and d-MSCs was more frequently observed than other pairs, and d-MSCs were distinguishable from c-MSCs. Conclusions The interaction of c-MSCs and d-MSCs, including exchange of cell contents, contributes to the treatment potential of d-MSCs. This cellular behavior might be one therapeutic mechanism used by MSCs for MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Matsuura
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ikiru Atsuta
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kondo
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ueda
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Wakana Oshiro
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsukiyama
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Hagenhoff A, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y, von Lüttichau I, Niess H, Spitzweg C, Nelson PJ. Harnessing mesenchymal stem cell homing as an anticancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1079-92. [PMID: 27270211 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1196179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that have been exploited as vehicles for cell-based cancer therapy. The general approach is based on the innate potential of adoptively applied MSC to undergo facilitated recruitment to malignant tissue. MSC from different tissue sources have been engineered using a variety of therapy genes that have shown efficacy in solid tumor models. AREAS COVERED In this review we will focus on the current developments of MSC-based gene therapy, in particular the diverse approaches that have been used for MSCs-targeted tumor therapy. We also discuss some outstanding issues and general prospects for their clinical application. EXPERT OPINION The use of modified mesenchymal stem cells as therapy vehicles for the treatment of solid tumors has progressed to the first generation of clinical trials, but the general field is still in its infancy. There are many questions that need to be addressed if this very complex therapy approach is widely applied in clinical settings. More must be understood about the mechanisms underlying tumor tropism and we need to identify the optimal source of the cells used. Outstanding issues also include the therapy transgenes used, and which tumor types represent viable targets for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hagenhoff
- a Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Oncology Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University , Munich , Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- b Department of Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- b Department of Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Irene von Lüttichau
- a Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Oncology Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University , Munich , Germany
| | - Hanno Niess
- c Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- d Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- e Clinical Biochemistry Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
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Li H, Ghazanfari R, Zacharaki D, Lim HC, Scheding S. Isolation and characterization of primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1370:109-18. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Li
- Lund Stem Cell Center and Division of Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Roshanak Ghazanfari
- Lund Stem Cell Center and Division of Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Dimitra Zacharaki
- Lund Stem Cell Center and Division of Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Lund Stem Cell Center and Division of Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Lund Stem Cell Center and Division of Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Hematology Skåne University Hospital Lund Lund Sweden
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Davison MJ, McMurray RJ, Smith CA, Dalby MJ, Meek RD. Nanopit-induced osteoprogenitor cell differentiation: The effect of nanopit depth. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416652778. [PMID: 27298716 PMCID: PMC4893824 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416652778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess osteogenesis in osteoprogenitor cells by nanopits and to assess optimal feature depth. Topographies of depth 80, 220 and 333 nm were embossed onto polycaprolactone discs. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells were seeded onto polycaprolactone discs, suspended in media and incubated. Samples were fixed after 3 and 28 days. Cells were stained for the adhesion molecule vinculin and the osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 after 3 days. Adhesion was lowest on planar controls and it was the shallowest, and 80-nm-deep pits supported optimal adhesion formation. Deep pits (80 and 220 nm) induced most RUNX2 accumulation. After 28 days, osteocalcin and osteopontin expression were used as markers of osteoblastic differentiation. Deep pits (220 nm) produced cells with the highest concentrations of osteopontin and osteocalcin. All topographies induced higher expression levels than controls. We demonstrated stimulation of osteogenesis in a heterogeneous population of mesenchymal stromal cells. All nanopit depths gave promising results with an optimum depth of 220 nm after 28 days. Nanoscale modification of implant surfaces could optimise fracture union or osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Davison
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rebecca J McMurray
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carol-Anne Smith
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rm Dominic Meek
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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El‐Jawhari JJ, Sanjurjo‐Rodríguez C, Jones E, Giannoudis PV. Collagen-containing scaffolds enhance attachment and proliferation of non-cultured bone marrow multipotential stromal cells. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:597-606. [PMID: 26466765 PMCID: PMC5063164 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Large bone defects are ideally treated with autografts, which have many limitations. Therefore, osteoconductive scaffolds loaded with autologous bone marrow (BM) aspirate are increasingly used as alternatives. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth of multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) from unprocessed BM on a collagen-containing bovine bone scaffold (Orthoss(®) Collagen) with a non-collagen-containing bovine bone scaffold, Orthoss(®) . Another collagen-containing synthetic scaffold, Vitoss(®) was included in the comparison. Colonization of scaffolds by BM MSCs (n = 23 donors) was evaluated using microscopy, colony forming unit-fibroblast assay and flow-cytometry. The number of BM MSCs initially attached to Orthoss(®) Collagen and Vitoss(®) was similar but greater than Orthoss(®) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.041, respectively). Furthermore, the number of MSCs released from Orthoss(®) Collagen and Vitoss(®) after 2-week culture was also higher compared to Orthoss(®) (p = 0.010 and p = 0.023, respectively). Interestingly, collagen-containing scaffolds accommodated larger numbers of lymphocytic and myelomonocytic cells. Additionally, the proliferation of culture-expanded MSCs on Orthoss(®) collagen and Vitoss(®) was greater compared to Orthoss(®) (p = 0.047 and p = 0.004, respectively). Collectively, collagen-containing scaffolds were superior in supporting the attachment and proliferation of MSCs when they were loaded with unprocessed BM aspirates. This highlights the benefit of collagen incorporation into bone scaffolds for use with autologous bone marrow aspirates as autograft substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J. El‐Jawhari
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal DiseaseLeeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt. James University HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS9 7TFLeedsUnited Kingdom,NIHRLeeds Biomedical Research UnitChapel Allerton HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS7 4SALeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Clara Sanjurjo‐Rodríguez
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal DiseaseLeeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt. James University HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS9 7TFLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal DiseaseLeeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt. James University HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS9 7TFLeedsUnited Kingdom,NIHRLeeds Biomedical Research UnitChapel Allerton HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS7 4SALeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal DiseaseLeeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt. James University HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS9 7TFLeedsUnited Kingdom,NIHRLeeds Biomedical Research UnitChapel Allerton HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS7 4SALeedsUnited Kingdom
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Bionaz M, Monaco E, Wheeler MB. Transcription Adaptation during In Vitro Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Dynamics of Pathways, Biological Processes, Up-Stream Regulators, and Gene Networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137644. [PMID: 26398344 PMCID: PMC4580618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for bone regeneration is growing. Among MSC the bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) are considered the gold standard in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; however, the adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have very similar properties and some advantages to be considered a good alternative to BMSC. The molecular mechanisms driving adipogenesis are relatively well-known but mechanisms driving osteogenesis are poorly known, particularly in pig. In the present study we have used transcriptome analysis to unravel pathways and biological functions driving in vitro adipogenesis and osteogenesis in BMSC and ASC. The analysis was performed using the novel Dynamic Impact Approach and functional enrichment analysis. In addition, a k-mean cluster analysis in association with enrichment analysis, networks reconstruction, and transcription factors overlapping analysis were performed in order to uncover the coordination of biological functions underlining differentiations. Analysis indicated a larger and more coordinated transcriptomic adaptation during adipogenesis compared to osteogenesis, with a larger induction of metabolism, particularly lipid synthesis (mostly triglycerides), and a larger use of amino acids for synthesis of feed-forward adipogenic compounds, larger cell signaling, lower cell-to-cell interactions, particularly for the cytoskeleton organization and cell junctions, and lower cell proliferation. The coordination of adipogenesis was mostly driven by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors together with other known adipogenic transcription factors. Only a few pathways and functions were more induced during osteogenesis compared to adipogenesis and some were more inhibited during osteogenesis, such as cholesterol and protein synthesis. Up-stream transcription factor analysis indicated activation of several lipid-related transcription regulators (e.g., PPARs and CEBPα) during adipogenesis but osteogenesis was driven by inhibition of several up-stream regulators, such as MYC. Between MSCs the data indicated an ‘adipocyte memory’ in ASC with also an apparent lower immunogenicity compared to BMSC during differentiations. Overall the analysis allowed proposing a dynamic model for the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in porcine ASC and BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elisa Monaco
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Wheeler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jones E, Schäfer R. Where is the common ground between bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from different donors and species? Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:143. [PMID: 26282627 PMCID: PMC4539918 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) feature promising potential for cellular therapies, yet significant progress in development of MSC therapeutics and assays is hampered because of remarkable MSC heterogeneity in vivo and in vitro. This heterogeneity poses challenges for standardization of MSC characterization and potency assays as well as for MSC study comparability and manufacturing. This review discusses promising marker combinations for prospective MSC subpopulation enrichment and expansion, and reflects MSC phenotype changes due to environment and age. In order to address animal modelling in MSC biology, comparison of mouse and human MSC markers highlights current common ground of MSCs between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds University, Room 5.24 Clinical Sciences Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University Hospital, Sandhofstrasse 1, D-60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Schlaefli P, Bertolo A, Malonzo C, Poetzel T, Baur M, Steffen F, Stoyanov J. An enzymatic method to rescue mesenchymal stem cells from clotted bone marrow samples. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 25938767 DOI: 10.3791/52694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) - usually obtained from bone marrow - often require expansion culture. Our protocol uses clinical grade urokinase to degrade clots in the bone marrow and release MSCs for further use. This protocol provides a rapid and inexpensive alternative to bone marrow resampling. Bone marrow is a major source of MSCs, which are interesting for tissue engineering and autologous stem cell therapies. Upon withdrawal bone marrow may clot, as it comprises all of the hematopoietic system. The resulting clots contain also MSCs that are lost for expansion culture or direct stem cell therapy. We experienced that 74% of canine bone marrow samples contained clots and yielded less than half of the stem cell number expected from unclotted samples. Thus, we developed a protocol for enzymatic digestion of those clots to avoid labor-intense and costly bone marrow resampling. Urokinase - a clinically approved and readily available thrombolytic drug - clears away the bone marrow clots almost completely. As a consequence, treated bone marrow aspirates yield similar numbers of MSCs as unclotted samples. Also, after urokinase treatment the cells kept their metabolic activity and the ability to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Our protocol salvages clotted blood and bone marrow samples without affecting the quality of the cells. This obsoletes resampling, considerably reduces sampling costs and enables the use of clotted samples for research or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tobias Poetzel
- Orthopaedics and Spinal Surgery, Swiss Paraplegic Centre
| | - Martin Baur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital (LUKS)
| | - Frank Steffen
- Section of Small Animal Surgery/Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich
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Cuthbert RJ, Giannoudis PV, Wang XN, Nicholson L, Pawson D, Lubenko A, Tan HB, Dickinson A, McGonagle D, Jones E. Examining the feasibility of clinical grade CD271+ enrichment of mesenchymal stromal cells for bone regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117855. [PMID: 25760857 PMCID: PMC4356586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current clinical trials utilize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) expanded in culture, however these interventions carry considerable costs and concerns pertaining to culture-induced losses of potency. This study assessed the feasibility of new clinical-grade technology to obtain uncultured MSC isolates from three human intra-osseous tissue sources based on immunomagnetic selection for CD271-positive cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs were isolated from bone marrow (BM) aspirates or surgical waste materials; enzymatically digested femoral heads (FHs) and reamer irrigator aspirator (RIA) waste fluids. Flow cytometry for the CD45-/lowCD73+CD271+ phenotype was used to evaluate uncultured MSCs before and after selection, and to measure MSC enrichment in parallel to colony forming-unit fibroblast assay. Trilineage differentiation assays and quantitative polymerase chain-reaction for key transcripts involved in bone regeneration was used to assess the functional utility of isolated cells for bone repair. RESULTS Uncultured CD45-/lowCD271+ MSCs uniformly expressed CD73, CD90 and CD105 but showed variable expression of MSCA-1 and SUSD2 (BM>RIA>FH). MSCs were enriched over 150-fold from BM aspirates and RIA fluids, whereas the highest MSC purities were obtained from FH digests. Enriched fractions expressed increased levels of BMP-2, COL1A2, VEGFC, SPARC and CXCL12 transcripts (BM>RIA>FH), with the highest up-regulation detected for CXCL12 in BM (>1300-fold). Following culture expansion, CD271-selected MSCS were tri-potential and phenotypically identical to plastic adherence-selected MSCs. DISCUSSION A CD271-based GMP-compliant immunomagnetic selection resulted in a substantial increase in MSC purity and elevated expression of transcripts involved in bone formation, vascularisation and chemo-attraction. Although this technology, particularly from RIA fluids, can be immediately applied by orthopaedic surgeons as autologous therapy, further improvements in MSC purities and pre-clinical testing of product safety would be required to develop this process for allogeneic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao N. Wang
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Nicholson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - David Pawson
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Leeds Blood Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anatole Lubenko
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Leeds Blood Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hiang B. Tan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dickinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Tan HB, Giannoudis PV, Boxall SA, McGonagle D, Jones E. The systemic influence of platelet-derived growth factors on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in fracture patients. BMC Med 2015; 13:6. [PMID: 25583409 PMCID: PMC4293103 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fracture healing is a complex process regulated by a variety of cells and signalling molecules which act both locally and systemically. The aim of this study was to investigate potential changes in patients' mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the iliac crest (IC) bone marrow (BM) and in peripheral blood (PB) in relation to the severity of trauma and to correlate them with systemic changes reflective of inflammatory and platelet responses following fracture. METHODS ICBM samples were aspirated from two trauma groups: isolated trauma and polytrauma (n = 8 and 18, respectively) at two time-points post-fracture and from non-trauma controls (n = 7). Matched PB was collected every other day for a minimum of 14 days. BM MSCs were enumerated using colony forming-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay and flow cytometry for the CD45-CD271+ phenotype. RESULTS Regardless of the severity of trauma, no significant increase or decrease in BM MSCs was observed following fracture and MSCs were not mobilised into PB. However, direct positive correlations were observed between changes in the numbers of aspirated BM MSCs and time-matched changes in their serum PDGF-AA and -BB. In vitro, patients' serum induced MSC proliferation in a manner reflecting changes in PDGFs. PDGF receptors CD140a and CD140b were expressed on native CD45-CD271+ BM MSCs (average 12% and 64%, respectively) and changed over time in direct relationship with platelets/PDGFs. CONCLUSIONS Platelet lysates and other platelet-derived products are used to expand MSCs ex vivo. This study demonstrates that endogenous PDGFs can influence MSC responses in vivo. This indicates a highly dynamic, rather than static, MSC nature in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds West Yorkshire, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK.
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Jones E, Schäfer R. Biological differences between native and cultured mesenchymal stem cells: implications for therapies. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1235:105-120. [PMID: 25388390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1785-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the current knowledge of the surface marker phenotype of native bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in humans and in mouse models, highlighting similarities in the MSC marker "signature" between the two species. The chapter proceeds to discuss the published literature pertaining to native MSC topography and their interactions with hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, as well as with blood vessels and nerve endings. Additionally, the chapter describes phenotypic and functional "drifts" that occur in MSC preparations as they are taken out of their native bone marrow microenvironment and induced to proliferate in vitro (in the presence of animal or human serum). We propose that the understanding of the biology of MSCs in their native niches in the bone marrow could lead to future developments in the treatment of hematological diseases such as multiple myeloma. Additionally, this knowledge would assist in the development of more "natural" MSC culture conditions, best preserving MSC functionality including their homing potential in order to optimize MSC transplantation in the context of graft-versus-host and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds University, Room 5.24 Clinical Sciences Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK,
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26
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Janel A, Dubois-Galopin F, Bourgne C, Berger J, Tarte K, Boiret-Dupré N, Boisgard S, Verrelle P, Déchelotte P, Tournilhac O, Berger MG. The Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Clone Disrupts the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2972-82. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janel
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Céline Bourgne
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juliette Berger
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U917–MICA, University of Medicine, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Boiret-Dupré
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Boisgard
- Orthopédie Traumatologie, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hospital Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Verrelle
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Anatomie Pathologique, CHU Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Tournilhac
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Hématologie Clinique Adulte, CHU Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc G. Berger
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU (University Hospital Center) Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA7283 CREaT, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Hématologie Clinique Adulte, CHU Clermont-Fd, Hopital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Baboolal TG, Boxall SA, El-Sherbiny YM, Moseley TA, Cuthbert RJ, Giannoudis PV, McGonagle D, Jones E. Multipotential stromal cell abundance in cellular bone allograft: comparison with fresh age-matched iliac crest bone and bone marrow aspirate. Regen Med 2014; 9:593-607. [PMID: 24617969 PMCID: PMC4077757 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To enumerate and characterize multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) in a cellular bone allograft and compare with fresh age-matched iliac crest bone and bone marrow (BM) aspirate. MATERIALS & METHODS MSC characterization used functional assays, confocal/scanning electron microscopy and whole-genome microarrays. Resident MSCs were enumerated by flow cytometry following enzymatic extraction. RESULTS Allograft material contained live osteocytes and proliferative bone-lining cells defined as MSCs by phenotypic and functional capacities. Without cultivation/expansion, the allograft displayed an 'osteoinductive' molecular signature and the presence of CD45(-)CD271(+)CD73(+)CD90(+)CD105(+) MSCs; with a purity over 100-fold that of iliac crest bone. In comparison with BM, MSC numbers enzymatically released from 1 g of cellular allograft were equivalent to approximately 45 ml of BM aspirate. CONCLUSION Cellular allograft bone represents a unique nonimmune material rich in MSCs and osteocytes. This osteoinductive graft represents an attractive alternative to autograft bone or composite/synthetic grafts in orthopedics and broader regenerative medicine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sally A Boxall
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Yasser M El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Richard J Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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Roszek K, Bomastek K, Drożdżal M, Komoszyński M. Dramatic differences in activity of purines metabolizing ecto-enzymes between mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood and umbilical cord tissue. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 91:519-25. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high quality human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with remarkable expansion potential in culture are demonstrated to possess multifold clinical applications. However, their isolation and characterization are difficult and sometimes ambiguous. We exploited nucleotide metabolizing ecto-enzymes for more complete characterization of MSCs. Using standard methods of cell culturing and analyses, we detected significant differences in the activity of ecto-nucleotidases on the surface of MSCs isolated from umbilical cord tissue and MSC-like cells derived from umbilical cord blood. Interestingly, the proliferation rate and the immunophenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells also correspond to the activities of these enzymes. Compared with the CD90-, CD105-, and CD73-deficient and slowly proliferating UCB-MSC-like cells that had relatively higher ecto-NTPDases activity, the CD90-, CD105-, and CD73-positive and rapidly proliferating UC-MSCs rather had ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity and presented neither ecto-nucleotidases nor adenylate kinase activities. In summary, our results demonstrate for the first time that activity of purine nucleotide metabolizing ecto-enzymes differs significantly between mesenchymal stem cells drawn from different neonatal sources, corresponding with a distinct proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bomastek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marian Drożdżal
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics, Female Diseases and Gynecological Oncology, WSZ Hospital, 53/59 Św. Józefa Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Michał Komoszyński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Russell KC, Tucker HA, Bunnell BA, Andreeff M, Schober W, Gaynor AS, Strickler KL, Lin S, Lacey MR, O'Connor KC. Cell-surface expression of neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) and melanoma cell adhesion molecule (CD146) in heterogeneous cultures of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2253-66. [PMID: 23611563 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) impedes their use in regenerative medicine. The objective of this research is to identify potential biomarkers for the enrichment of progenitors from heterogeneous MSC cultures. To this end, the present study examines variation in expression of neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) and melanoma cell adhesion molecule (CD146) on the surface of MSCs derived from human bone marrow in response to culture conditions and among cell populations. Multipotent cells isolated from heterogeneous MSC cultures exhibit a greater than three-fold increase in surface expression for NG2 and greater than two-fold increase for CD146 as compared with parental and lineage-committed MSCs. For both antigens, surface expression is downregulated by greater than or equal to six-fold when MSCs become confluent. During serial passage, maximum surface expression of NG2 and CD146 is associated with minimum doubling time. Upregulation of NG2 and CD146 during loss of adipogenic potential at early passage suggests some limits to their utility as potency markers. A potential relationship between proliferation and antigen expression was explored by sorting heterogeneous MSCs into rapidly and slowly dividing groups. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that rapidly dividing MSCs display lower scatter and 50% higher NG2 surface expression than slowly dividing cells, but CD146 expression is comparable in both groups. Heterogeneous MSCs were sorted based on scatter properties and surface expression of NG2 and CD146 into high (HI) and low (LO) groups. Sc(LO)NG2(HI) and Sc(LO)NG2(HI)CD146(HI) MSCs have the highest proliferative potential of the sorted groups, with colony-forming efficiencies that are 1.5-2.2 times the value for the parental controls. The Sc(LO) gate enriches for rapidly dividing cells. Addition of the NG2(HI) gate increases cell survival to 1.5 times the parental control. Further addition of the CD146(HI) gate does not significantly improve cell division or survival. The combination of low scatter and high NG2 surface expression is a promising selection criterion to enrich a proliferative phenotype from heterogeneous MSCs during ex vivo expansion, with potentially numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Russell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Markers for characterization of bone marrow multipotential stromal cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:975871. [PMID: 22666272 PMCID: PMC3361338 DOI: 10.1155/2012/975871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the observed efficacy of culture-expanded multipotential stromal cells, also termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in the treatment of graft-versus host and cardiac disease, it remains surprising that purity and potency characterization of manufactured cell batches remains rather basic. In this paper, we will initially discuss surface and molecular markers that were proposed to serve as the indicators of the MSC potency, in terms of their proliferative potential or the ability to differentiate into desired lineages. The second part of this paper will be dedicated to a critical discussion of surface markers of uncultured (i.e., native) bone marrow (BM) MSCs. Although no formal consensus has yet been reached on which markers may be best suited for prospective BM MSC isolation, markers that cross-react with MSCs of animal models (such as CD271 and W8-B2/MSCA-1) may have the strongest translational value. Whereas small animal models are needed to discover the in vivo function on these markers, large animal models are required for safety and efficacy testing of isolated MSCs, particularly in the field of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Wilson SM, Goldwasser MS, Clark SG, Monaco E, Bionaz M, Hurley WL, Rodriguez-Zas S, Feng L, Dymon Z, Wheeler MB. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance healing of mandibular defects in the ramus of swine. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:e193-203. [PMID: 22374062 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) injected locally or systemically on the bone regeneration of a 10-mm-diameter cylindrical noncritical-size defect in the ramus of the pig mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen Yorkshire pigs, weighing 60 to 80 kg, received bilateral 10-mm-diameter cylindrical surgical defects in each ramus of the mandible. Pigs received 1) a direct injection into the defect of 2.5 million carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled ASCs from 1 of 2 pig donors (n = 6); 2) an ear vein injection of 5 million carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled ASCs from 1 of 2 pig donors (n = 6); or 3) an ear vein injection of culture Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium without stem cells (control; n = 3). Pigs from each treatment were sacrificed at 1 hour, 2 weeks, or 4 weeks after surgery. Healing of the defect was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, fluorescent microscopy, and histology. RESULTS Bone healing was accelerated in the ASC-injected treatment groups at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery compared with the control pigs. CONCLUSIONS Results from this animal model provide evidence that the injection of ASC locally into a bone defect or systemically can accelerate the healing of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna M Wilson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Monaco E, Bionaz M, Rodriguez-Zas S, Hurley WL, Wheeler MB. Transcriptomics comparison between porcine adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32481. [PMID: 22412878 PMCID: PMC3296722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) are considered the gold standard for use in tissue regeneration among mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The abundance and ease of harvest make the adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) an attractive alternative to BMSC. The aim of the present study was to compare the transcriptome of ASC and BMSC, respectively isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and femur of 3 adult pigs, during in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation for up to four weeks. At 0, 2, 7, and 21 days of differentiation RNA was extracted for microarray analysis. A False Discovery Rate ≤0.05 for overall interactions effect and P<0.001 between comparisons were used to determine differentially expressed genes (DEG). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and DAVID performed the functional analysis of the DEG. Functional analysis of highest expressed genes in MSC and genes more expressed in MSC vs. fully differentiated tissues indicated low immunity and high angiogenic capacity. Only 64 genes were differentially expressed between ASC and BMSC before differentiation. The functional analysis uncovered a potential larger angiogenic, osteogenic, migration, and neurogenic capacity in BMSC and myogenic capacity in ASC. Less than 200 DEG were uncovered between ASC and BMSC during differentiation. Functional analysis also revealed an overall greater lipid metabolism in ASC, while BMSC had a greater cell growth and proliferation. The time course transcriptomic comparison between differentiation types uncovered <500 DEG necessary to determine cell fate. The functional analysis indicated that osteogenesis had a larger cell proliferation and cytoskeleton organization with a crucial role of G-proteins. Adipogenesis was driven by PPAR signaling and had greater angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, migration, and tumorigenesis capacity. Overall the data indicated that the transcriptome of the two MSC is relatively similar across the conditions studied. In addition, functional analysis data might indicate differences in therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Monaco
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Zas
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Walter L. Hurley
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Wheeler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cox G, Boxall SA, Giannoudis PV, Buckley CT, Roshdy T, Churchman SM, McGonagle D, Jones E. High abundance of CD271(+) multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) in intramedullary cavities of long bones. Bone 2012; 50:510-7. [PMID: 21807134 PMCID: PMC3268250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aspiration of iliac crest bone marrow (ICBM) remains the most frequent technique used in harvesting multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration. Although this tissue type is easily accessed by a surgeon, it has a low frequency of MSCs, which is significant given the high cell numbers required for bone regeneration strategies. Lipoaspirates possess higher MSC frequencies, albeit cells with a differentiation profile less suited to orthopaedic interventions. Intra-medullary cavities of long bones have previously been shown to harbour MSCs in animals, however evaluation of their frequency, differentiation capacity and phenotype in humans had not previously been performed. Long bone fatty bone marrow (LBFBM) was collected prior to harvesting bone graft. Basic cellular compositions of donor-matched LBFBM and ICBM aspirates, including the numbers of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells and CD31(+) endothelial cells, were similar. MSCs were enumerated using colony-forming-unit-fibroblast assays and flow cytometry for the presence of a resident LBFBM CD45(-/low) CD271(+) MSC population and revealed a trend for higher MSC numbers (average 5 fold, n=6) per millilitre of LBFBM compared to donor-matched ICBM. Functional characteristics of resident MSCs, including their growth rates, differentiation potentials and surface phenotypes (CD73(+)CD105(+)CD90(+)) before and after culture-amplification, were similar. Enhanced numbers of MSCs could be recovered following brief enzymatic treatment of solid fragments of LBFBM. Our findings therefore reveal that the intramedullary cavity of the human femur is a depot of MSCs, which, although closely associated with fat, have a differentiation profile equivalent to ICBM. This anatomical site is frequently accessed by the orthopaedic/trauma surgeon and aspiration of the intramedullary cavity represents a 'low-tech' method of harvesting potentially large numbers of MSCs for regenerative therapies and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cox
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Sally A. Boxall
- Academic Unit of the Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tarek Roshdy
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah M. Churchman
- Academic Unit of the Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Academic Unit of the Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Academic Unit of the Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, UK
- Corresponding author at: Academic Unit of the Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom. Fax: + 44 113 3438502.
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Cuthbert R, Boxall SA, Tan HB, Giannoudis PV, McGonagle D, Jones E. Single-platform quality control assay to quantify multipotential stromal cells in bone marrow aspirates prior to bulk manufacture or direct therapeutic use. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:431-40. [PMID: 22268519 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.651533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The manufacture of multipotential stromal cell (MSC)-based products is costly; therefore, a rapid evaluation of bone marrow (BM) 'quality' with respect to MSC content is desirable. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid single-platform assay to quantify MSC in BM aspirates. METHODS Aspirated MSC were enumerated using the CD45(-/low) CD271(bright) phenotype and AccuCheck counting beads and compared with a classic colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay. The phenotype of CD45(-/low) CD271(bright) cells was defined using a range of MSC (CD73, CD105, CD90) and non-MSC (CD31, CD33, CD34, CD19) markers. The effect of aspirated BM volume on MSC yield was also determined. RESULTS CD45(-/low) CD271(bright) cells had a classic MSC phenotype (CD73(+) CD105(+) CD90(+)). Their numbers correlated positively with CFU-F counted manually (R = 0.81, P < 0.001) or using automatic measurements of surface area occupied by colonies (R = 0.66, P < 0.001). Simultaneous enumeration of CD34(+) cells revealed donor variability ranges compatible with standard International Society of Hematotherapy and Graft Engineering (ISHGE) protocols. Aspirating larger marrow volumes gave a significant several-fold reduction in the frequency of CFU-F and CD45(-/low) CD271(bright) cells per milliliter. Therefore aspirated MSC yields can be maximized through a standardized, low-volume harvesting technique. CONCLUSIONS Absolute quantification of CD45(-/low) CD271(bright) cells was found to be a reliable method of predicting CFU-F yields in BM aspirates. This rapid (< 40 min) procedure could be suitable for intra-operative quality control of BM aspirates prior to volume reduction/direct injection in orthopedics. In the production of culture-expanded MSC, this assay could be used to exclude samples containing low numbers of MSC, resulting in improved consistency and quality of manufactured MSC batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cuthbert
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
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A randomized study of transendocardial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and cell function analysis in ischemic heart failure (FOCUS-HF). Am Heart J 2011; 161:1078-87.e3. [PMID: 21641354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (ABMMNC) therapy has shown promise in patients with heart failure (HF). Cell function analysis may be important in interpreting trial results. METHODS In this prospective study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of the transendocardial delivery of ABMMNCs in no-option patients with chronic HF. Efficacy was assessed by maximal myocardial oxygen consumption, single photon emission computed tomography, 2-dimensional echocardiography, and quality-of-life assessment (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure and Short Form 36). We also characterized patients' bone marrow cells by flow cytometry, colony-forming unit, and proliferative assays. RESULTS Cell-treated (n = 20) and control patients (n = 10) were similar at baseline. The procedure was safe; adverse events were similar in both groups. Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina score improved significantly (P = .001) in cell-treated patients, but function was not affected. Quality-of-life scores improved significantly at 6 months (P = .009 Minnesota Living with Heart Failure and P = .002 physical component of Short Form 36) over baseline in cell-treated but not control patients. Single photon emission computed tomography data suggested a trend toward improved perfusion in cell-treated patients. The proportion of fixed defects significantly increased in control (P = .02) but not in treated patients (P = .16). Function of patients' bone marrow mononuclear cells was severely impaired. Stratifying cell results by age showed that younger patients (≤60 years) had significantly more mesenchymal progenitor cells (colony-forming unit fibroblasts) than patients >60 years (20.16 ± 14.6 vs 10.92 ± 7.8, P = .04). Furthermore, cell-treated younger patients had significantly improved maximal myocardial oxygen consumption (15 ± 5.8, 18.6 ± 2.7, and 17 ± 3.7 mL/kg per minute at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively) compared with similarly aged control patients (14.3 ± 2.5, 13.7 ± 3.7, and 14.6 ± 4.7 mL/kg per minute, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS ABMMNC therapy is safe and improves symptoms, quality of life, and possibly perfusion in patients with chronic HF.
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Russell KC, Lacey MR, Gilliam JK, Tucker HA, Phinney DG, O'Connor KC. Clonal analysis of the proliferation potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as a function of potency. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:2716-26. [PMID: 21538337 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow are a heterogeneous ensemble of progenitors and lineage-committed cells, with a broad range of regenerative properties. Ex vivo expansion to produce sufficient quantities of MSCs is essential for most therapeutic applications. The present study resolves the relationship between proliferation potential of MSCs and their potency. Clonal analysis generated single-cell derived colonies of MSCs that were classified according to their trilineage potential to exhibit adipo- (A), chondro- (C), and osteogenesis (O) as a measure of potency. Multipotent OAC clones were highly proliferative with colony-forming efficiencies that ranged from 35% to 90%; whereas, O clones formed colonies with an efficiency of 5% or less (P < 0.01). Similar trends were evident during ex vivo expansion: for example, the median specific growth rate was 0.8 day(-1) (20 h doubling time) for cultures inoculated with OAC clones and was 5-fold less for inocula of O clones (P < 0.01). OA and OC clones had similar proliferation potentials. More than 75% of cells in subconfluent cultures inoculated with O clones stained positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity vs. less than 10% for OAC clones (P < 0.001). Apoptotic cells were in the minority for all potency groups. Preliminary data generated during clonal analysis suggest that osteogenic potential of MSCs to produce mineralized matrix is a function of potency, as well. These results are discussed in the context of the preparation of efficacious MSC therapies by ex vivo expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Russell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, Boggs Center, Room 300, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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Strategies for regeneration of the bone using porcine adult adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1381-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Purinergic stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells potentiates their chemotactic response to CXCL12 and increases the homing capacity and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Exp Hematol 2010; 39:360-74, 374.e1-5. [PMID: 21145936 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a well-recognized mediator of cell-to-cell communication. Here we show ATP effects on bone marrow (BM)-derived human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS ATP-induced modification of hMSCs gene expression profile was assessed by Affymetrix technology. Clonogenic and migration assays in vitro, as well as xenotransplant experiments in vivo, were performed to evaluate the effects of ATP on hMSCs proliferation and BM homing. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess hMSCs cytokines production, whereas T-cell cultures demonstrated the immunoregulatory activity of ATP-treated hMSCs. RESULTS hMSCs were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of ATP, as demonstrated by the lack of morphological and mitochondrial changes or release of intracellular markers of cell death. Gene expression profiling revealed that ATP-stimulated hMSCs underwent a downregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation, whereas those involved in cell migration were strongly upregulated. The inhibitory activity of ATP on hMSCs proliferation was confirmed by assessing clonogenic stromal progenitors. ATP potentiated the chemotactic response of hMSCs to the chemokine CXCL12, and increased their spontaneous migration. In vivo, the homing capacity of hMSCs to the BM of immunodeficient mice was significantly increased by pretreatment with ATP. Moreover, ATP increased the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and interleukin-12p70, while decreasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, and this finding was associated with the reduced ability of MSCs to inhibit T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that purinergic signaling modulates hMSCs functions and highlights a role for extracellular nucleotides in hMSCs biology.
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Radcliffe CH, Flaminio MJBF, Fortier LA. Temporal analysis of equine bone marrow aspirate during establishment of putative mesenchymal progenitor cell populations. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:269-82. [PMID: 19604071 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are often characterized using surface markers after expansion and treatment in culture. There are no studies directly comparing gene and protein markers in undifferentiated samples during the very early phases of culture. The goal of this study was to evaluate temporal gene and protein expression changes during establishment of equine MPC cultures. Bone marrow aspirate was obtained from 35 horses and processed by density gradient centrifugation. In freshly isolated bone marrow, mononuclear cells had variable expression of CD44, CD11a/CD18, CD90, and CD45RB cell surface molecules. After 2 h of culture, bone marrow mononuclear cells had a phenotype of CD44(hi), CD29(hi), CD90(lo), CD11a/CD18(hi), and CD45RB(lo). Isolated mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR at 2, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days of culture. At all culture time points, gene expression was in agreement with cell surface protein expression. In established cultures of MPCs, cells remained robustly positive for CD44 and CD29. The proportion of positive cells and the mean fluorescence intensity of positive cells increased in CD90 expression as MPC cultures became more homogeneous. Inversely, the population of cells in culture decreased expression of CD11a/CD18 and CD45RB molecules over time. The decreased expression of the latter molecules makes these useful negative markers of established MPC cultures under normal expansion conditions. The results of this study demonstrate numerous dynamic changes in cell surface molecule expression during early establishment of MPC populations, which may aid to improve MPC isolation methods for research or therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Radcliffe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Berger J, Lecourt S, Vanneaux V, Rapatel C, Boisgard S, Caillaud C, Boiret-Dupré N, Chomienne C, Marolleau JP, Larghero J, Berger MG. Glucocerebrosidase deficiency dramatically impairs human bone marrow haematopoiesis in an in vitro model of Gaucher disease. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:93-101. [PMID: 20507316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the cardinal symptoms of type 1 Gaucher Disease (GD) is cytopenia, usually explained by bone marrow (BM) infiltration by Gaucher cells and hypersplenism. However, some cases of cytopenia in splenectomized or treated patients suggest possible other mechanisms. To evaluate intra-cellular glucocerebrosidase (GlcC) activity in immature progenitors and to prove the conduritol B epoxide (CBE)-induced inhibition of the enzyme, we used an adapted flow cytometric technique before assessing the direct effect of GlcC deficiency in functional assays. Among haematopoietic cells from healthy donors, monocytes showed the highest GlcC activity but immature CD34(+) and mesenchymal cells also had significant GlcC activity. CBE greatly inhibited the enzyme activity of all cell categories. GlcC-deficient CD34(+) cells showed impaired ability to proliferate and differentiate in the expansion assay and had lower frequency of erythroid burst-forming units, granulocyte colony-forming units (CFU) and macrophage CFU progenitors, but the effect of GlcC deficiency on megakaryocyte CFU lineage was not significant. GlcC deficiency strongly impaired primitive haematopoiesis in long-term culture. Furthermore, GlcC deficiency progressively impaired proliferation of mesenchymal progenitors. These data suggest an intrinsic effect of GlcC deficiency on BM immature cells that supplements the pathophysiology of GD and opens new perspectives of therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Berger
- Hématologie Biologique, CHU Estaing, 1 place L. Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
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Boiret-Dupré N, Descamps S, Coudoré MA, Rapatel C, Kuentz M, Pereira S, Tournadre J, Berger J, Morell P, Berger MG. Effects of imiglucerase treatment on traumatic fracture and bone and blood abnormalities in a patient with previously untreated type 1 gaucher disease. Clin Ther 2010; 31:2900-4. [PMID: 20110029 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This letter reports on the effect of enzyme replacement therapy with imiglucerase on bone healing and bone and blood abnormalities in a woman with previously untreated type 1 Gaucher disease (GD). METHODS The 49-year-old patient had been diagnosed with GD at the age of 28 years and had previously undergone splenectomy. She presented with pseudarthrosis 14 months after sustaining a traumatic fracture of the tibia and fibula. Therapy was begun with imiglucerase 60 U/kg q2wk. The effects of treatment on bone healing were monitored radiographically, and effects on blood and bone marrow biology were monitored by hemograms, myelograms, and hematopoietic and mesenchymal clonogenic assays. RESULTS Objective bone healing was observed starting in the third month of imiglucerase treatment. Blood abnormalities normalized and bone marrow parameters improved over the first 9 months, including a decrease in Gaucher cells, an increase in bone marrow CD34+ cell cloning efficiency, and the appearance of mesenchymal progenitors. CONCLUSION This research letter reports the results of hematologic and bone evaluations during enzyme replacement therapy with imiglucerase in a woman with previously untreated type 1 GD who presented with a traumatic fracture.
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Leonardi E, Ciapetti G, Baglìo SR, Devescovi V, Baldini N, Granchi D. Osteogenic properties of late adherent subpopulations of human bone marrow stromal cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 132:547-57. [PMID: 19711092 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nonadherent (NA) population of bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNC) has been demonstrated to be a source of osteogenic precursors in addition to the plastic-adherent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). In the current study, two subpopulations of late adherent (LA) osteoprogenitors were obtained by subsequent replating of NA cells, and their phenotypic, functional, and molecular properties were compared with those of early adherent (EA) MSC. Approximately 35% of MNC were LA cells, and they acquired a homogeneous expression of MSC antigens later than EA cells. In EA-MSC, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased significantly from time of seeding to the first confluence, whereas in LA cells it raised later, after the addition of mineralization medium. All subpopulations were able to produce type I collagen and to deposit extracellular matrix with organized collagen fibrils. The proportion of large colonies with more than 50% of ALP positive cells as well as the calcium content was higher in LA than in EA cells. Molecular analysis highlighted the upregulation of bone-related genes in LA-MSC, especially after the addition of mineralization medium. Our results confirm that bone marrow contains LA osteoprogenitors which exhibit a delay in the differentiation process, despite an osteogenic potential similar to or better than EA-MSC. LA cells represent a reservoir of osteoprogenitors to be recruited to gain an adequate bone tissue repair and regeneration when a depletion of the most differentiated component occurs. Bone tissue engineering and cell therapy strategies could take advantage of LA cells, since an adequate amount of osteogenic MSCs may be obtained while avoiding bone marrow manipulation and cell culture expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Leonardi
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy,
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Berger MG, Berger J, Richard C, Jeanpierre S, Nicolini FE, Tournilhac O, Michallet M, Satta VM. Preferential sensitivity of hematopoietic (HPs) and mesenchymal (MPs) progenitors to fludarabine suggests impaired bone marrow niche and HP mobilization. Leukemia 2008; 22:2131-4. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ellor S, Shupe T, Petersen B. Stem cell therapy for inherited metabolic disorders of the liver. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:716-725. [PMID: 18375039 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern medicine has conquered an enormous spectrum of health concerns, from the neonatal to the geriatric, the chronically ill to the acutely injured. Among the unmet challenges remaining in modern medicine are inborn disorders of metabolism within the liver. Such inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) often leave an otherwise healthy individual with a crippling imbalance. As the principal regulator of the body's many metabolic pathways, malencoded hepatic enzymes can drastically disrupt homeostasis throughout the entire body. Severe phenotypes are usually detected within the first few days of life, and treatments range from palliative lifestyle modifications to aggressive surgical procedures. While orthotopic liver transplantation is the single last resort "cure" for these conditions, research during the past few years has brought new therapeutic technologies ever closer to the clinic. Stem cells, therapeutic viral vectors, or a combination thereof, are projected to be the next, best, and final cure for IMDs, which is well-reflected by this generation's research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ellor
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Florida
- The Program for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; University of Florida
| | - Thomas Shupe
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Florida
- The Program for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; University of Florida
| | - Bryon Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Florida
- The Program for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; University of Florida
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