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Cao HH, Kong WW, Ling B, Wang ZY, Zhang Y, Guo ZX, Liu SH, Xu JP. Bmo-miR-3351 modulates glutathione content and inhibits BmNPV proliferation by targeting BmGSTe6 in Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38258370 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in the host response to invading pathogens. Among these pathogens, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of the main causes of substantial economic losses in sericulture, and there are relatively few studies on the specific functions of miRNAs in the B. mori-BmNPV interaction. Therefore, we conducted transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs in the midgut of 2 B. mori strains (BmNPV-susceptible strain P50 and BmNPV-resistant strain A35) after BmNPV infection. Through correlation analysis of the miRNA and mRNA data, we identified a comprehensive set of 21 miRNAs and 37 predicted target mRNAs. Notably, miR-3351, which has high expression in A35, exhibited remarkable efficacy in suppressing BmNPV proliferation. Additionally, we confirmed that miR-3351 binds to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of B. mori glutathione S-transferase epsilon 6 (BmGSTe6), resulting in its downregulation. Conversely, BmGSTe6 displayed an opposite expression pattern to miR-3351, effectively promoting BmNPV proliferation. Notably, BmGSTe6 levels were positively correlated with glutathione S-transferase activity, consequently influencing intracellular glutathione content in the infected samples. Furthermore, our investigation revealed the protective role of glutathione against BmNPV infection in BmN cells. In summary, miR-3351 modulates glutathione content by downregulating BmGSTe6 to inhibit BmNPV proliferation in B. mori. Our findings enriched the research on the role of B. mori miRNAs in the defense against BmNPV infection, and suggests that the antiviral molecule, glutathione, offers a novel perspective on preventing viral infection in sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Cao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Wei Kong
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Ling
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Xiao Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Huo Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
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Afrin W, Yamada N, Furuya S, Yamamoto K. Characterization of glutathione-specific gamma glutamyl cyclotransferase (ChaC) in Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22027. [PMID: 37283485 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) contributes to redox maintenance and detoxification of various xenobiotic and endogenous substances. γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase (ChaC) is involved in GSH degradation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying GSH degradation in silkworms (Bombyx mori) remains unknown. Silkworms are lepidopteran insects that are considered to be an agricultural pest model. We aimed to examine the metabolic mechanism underlying GSH degradation mediated by B. mori ChaC and successfully identified a novel ChaC gene in silkworms (herein, bmChaC). The amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree revealed that bmChaC was closely related to mammalian ChaC2. We overexpressed recombinant bmChaC in Escherichia coli, and the purified bmChaC showed specific activity toward GSH. Additionally, we examined the degradation of GSH to 5-oxoproline and cysteinyl glycine via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that bmChaC mRNA expression was observed in various tissues. Our results suggest that bmChaC participates in tissue protection via GSH homeostasis. This study provides new insights into the activities of ChaC and the underlying molecular mechanisms that can aid the development of insecticides to control agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazifa Afrin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naotaka Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Afrin W, Furuya S, Yamamoto K. Characterization of a glutamate-cysteine ligase in Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2623-2631. [PMID: 36637620 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is a crucial enzyme involved in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Despite various studies on glutathione transferase, and its essential role in detoxification and resistance to oxidative stress, GSH synthesis has not been described in Bombyx mori (silkworms) to date. Silkworms form part of the lepidopterans that are considered as a model of agricultural pests. This study aimed to understand the GSH synthesis by GCL in silkworms, which may help in developing insecticides to tackle agricultural pests. Based on the amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree, the B. mori GCL belongs to group 2, and is designated bmGCL. Recombinant bmGCL was overexpressed and purified to ensure homogeneity. Biochemical studies revealed that bmGCL uses ATP and Mg2+ to ligate glutamate and cysteine. High expression levels of bmgcl mRNA and GSH were observed in the silkworm fat body after exposure to insecticides and UV-B irradiation. Moreover, we found an increase in bmgcl mRNA and GSH content during pupation in the silkworm fat body. In this study, we characterized the B. mori GCL and analyzed its biochemical properties. These observations indicate that bmGCL might play an important role in the resistance to oxidative stress in the silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazifa Afrin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kohji Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Liu ZX, Xing XR, Liang XH, Ding JH, Li YJ, Shao Y, Wu FA, Wang J, Sheng S. The role of Glutathione-S-transferases in phoxim and chlorfenapyr tolerance in a major mulberry pest, Glyphodes pyloalis walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105004. [PMID: 35082028 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphodes pyloalis Walker is a destructive pest on mulberry trees and poses a significant threat to the sericultural industry in China. Phoxim and chlorfenapyr are two commonly used insecticides in mulberry fields. Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a multifunctional protein superfamily that plays important roles in the detoxification of insecticides and xenobiotic compounds in insects. However, whether GSTs participate in the tolerance of phoxim and chlorfenapyr in G. pyloalis is still unknown. To better understand the mechanism of insecticide tolerance in G. pyloalis, the enzymatic activity of GSTs was evaluated under phoxim and chlorfenapyr exposure, respectively. GST enzyme activity was significantly increased after 12, 36 and 48 h of phoxim treatment and 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of chlorfenapyr treatment. Subsequently, eighteen GST genes were identified from the larvae transcriptome of G. pyloalis. Among these, ten GpGSTs had GSH-binding sites and fifteen GpGSTs had variable hydrophobic substrate-binding sites. The expression levels of Delta-GpGST and Epsilon-GpGST genes were significantly influenced by phoxim and chlorfenapyr treatment, and by the time post insecticide application. Furthermore, after silencing GpGST-E4, the mortality rate of G. pyloalis larvae was increased when they were exposed to chlorfenapyr, but it did not significantly alter when the larvae were exposed to phoxim. Our results indicated the vital roles of GpGSTs in the tolerance of insecticides and this action depends on the categories of insecticides. The present study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating insecticide susceptibility and promotes functional research on GST genes in G. pyloalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Xin-Hao Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Jian-Hao Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yi-Jiangcheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
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Yamamoto K, Yamaguchi M. Characterization of a novel superoxide dismutase in Nilaparvata lugens. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21862. [PMID: 34897778 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major agricultural pest of rice crops. Analysis of the enzymes produced by N. lugens is important to develop pest-control methods. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a detoxification enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anions (reactive oxygen species) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. As there have been no reports on SOD in N. lugens, in this study, we characterized a new SOD in the brown planthopper, nlSOD1. Amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that nlSOD1 is a member of the Cu/Zn-SOD family. Recombinant nlSOD1, when overexpressed in Escherichia coli, catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into molecular O2 and H2 O2 . Exposure to various insecticides induced nlSOD1 messenger RNA expression. These results indicate that nlSOD1 may contribute to the insecticide resistance of N. lugens. The findings of this study may assist in the development of novel methods to control the population of N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misuzu Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shao Y, Xin XD, Liu ZX, Wang J, Zhang R, Gui ZZ. Transcriptional response of detoxifying enzyme genes in Bombyx mori under chlorfenapyr exposure. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 177:104899. [PMID: 34301361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm, Bombyx mori (B. mori) is an important economic insect which ingests mulberry leaves and products the silk in industry. Chlorfenapyr is a new halogenated pyrrole insecticide which has been promoted for the control of mulberry insect pests in China. However, the detoxification mechanism of the silkworm to chlorfenapyr has not been investigated yet. In the present study, we first estimated the LC30 dose of chlorfenapyr for 3rd instar B. mori larvae, and then, in order to characterise the chlorfenapyr detoxification mechanism, the transcriptomes of chlorfenapyr-treated and untreated 3rd instar B. mori larvae were compared using RNA-sequencing. In total, 146, 533, 126 and 148, 957, 676 clean reads were obtained from insecticide-treated and control silkworm larvae, respectively, and these reads generated 10, 954 genes. The transcriptional profile of silkworm larvae was significantly influenced by chlorfenapyr treatment. A total of 1196 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in insecticide-treated and control B. mori larvae, in which 644 genes were upregulated and 552 genes were downregulated. Results showed that multiple DEGs were enriched in detoxication-related gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Eleven detoxifying enzyme genes which differentially expressed were screened, and their expression patterns were validated by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we successfully knocked down all differentially upregulated detoxifying enzyme genes, and a bioassay showed that the mortality of chlorfenapyr-treated silkworm larvae was significantly higher after silencing these genes than in groups injected with dsGFP. The present study reveals the molecular basis of silkworm detoxification to chlorfenapyr exposure, and provides new insights into the management of insecticide damage in the silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Xiang-Dong Xin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Gui
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China.
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7
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Udayantha HMV, Liyanage DS, Nadarajapillai K, Omeka WKM, Yang H, Jeong T, Lee J. Molecular characterization, immune and xenobiotic responses of glutathione S-transferase omega 1 from the big-belly seahorse: Novel insights into antiviral defense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 109:62-70. [PMID: 33348035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important enzymes involved in phase II detoxification and function by conjugating with the thiol group of glutathione. In this study, we isolated an omega class GST from the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis; HaGSTO1) to study the putative xenobiotic responses and defense ability against viral and bacterial infections in this animal. The isolated HaGSTO1 gene, with a cording sequence of 720 bp, encodes a peptide of 239 amino acids. The predicted molecular mass and theoretical isoelectric point of HaGSTO1 was 27.47 kDa and 8.13, respectively. In-silico analysis of HaGSTO1 revealed a characteristic N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain and a C-terminal domain. Unlike other GSTs, the C-terminal of HaGSTO1 reached up to the N-terminal, and the N-terminal functional group was cysteine rather than tyrosine or serine, as observed in other GSTs. Phylogenetic analysis showed the evolutionary proximity of HaGSTO1 with other identified vertebrate and invertebrate GST orthologs. For the first time, we demonstrated the viral defense capability of HaGSTO1 against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. All six nucleoproteins of VHSV were significantly downregulated in HaGSTO1-overexpressing FHM cells at 24 h after infection compared with those in the control. Moreover, arsenic toxicity was significantly reduced in HaGSTO1-overexpressing FHM cells, and cell viability increased. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HaGSTO1 transcripts were highly expressed in the pouch and gill when compared with those in other tissues. Blood HaGSTO1 transcripts were significantly upregulated after Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, lipopolysaccharide, and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid challenge experiments. Collectively, these findings suggest the involvement of HaGSTO1 in the host defense mechanism of seahorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Hu E, Meng Y, Ma Y, Song R, Hu Z, Li M, Hao Y, Fan X, Wei L, Fan S, Chen S, Zhai X, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Bayin C. De novo assembly and analysis of the transcriptome of the Dermacentor marginatus genes differentially expressed after blood-feeding and long-term starvation. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:563. [PMID: 33172483 PMCID: PMC7654163 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ixodid tick Dermacentor marginatus is a vector of many pathogens wide spread in Eurasia. Studies of gene sequence on many tick species have greatly increased the information on tick protective antigen which might have the potential to function as effective vaccine candidates or drug targets for eco-friendly acaricide development. In the current study, RNA-seq was applied to identify D. marginatus sequences and analyze differentially expressed unigenes. Methods To obtain a broader picture of gene sequences and changes in expression level, RNA-seq was performed to obtain the whole-body transcriptome data of D. marginatus adult female ticks after engorgement and long-term starvation. Subsequently, the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was applied to validate the RNA-seq data. Results RNA-seq produced 30,251 unigenes, of which 32% were annotated. Gene expression was compared among groups that differed by status as newly molted, starved and engorged female adult ticks. Nearly one third of the unigenes in each group were differentially expressed compared to the other two groups, and the most numerous were genes encoding proteins involved in catalytic and binding activities and apoptosis. Selected up-regulated differentially expressed genes in each group were associated to protein, lipids, carbohydrate and chitin metabolism. Blood-feeding and long-term starvation also caused genes differentially expressed in the defense response and antioxidant response. RT-qPCR results indicated 6 differentially expressed transcripts showed similar trends in expression changes with RNA-seq results confirming that the gene expression profiles in transcriptome data is in consistent with RT-qPCR validation. Conclusions Obtaining the sequence information of D. marginatus and characterizing the expression pattern of the genes involved in blood-feeding and during starvation would be helpful in understanding molecular physiology of D. marginatus and provides data for anti-tick vaccine and drug development for controlling the tick.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercha Hu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Song
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiang Hu
- Bayingol Vocational and Technical College, Korla, 841000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejie Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chahan Bayin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Ma Y, Hao Y, Li M, Hu Z, Song R, Wei L, Fan S, Chen S, Fan X, Zhai X, Guo Q, Bayin C. Sequence identification and expression profile of seven Dermacentor marginatus glutathione S-transferase genes. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:295-308. [PMID: 32995924 PMCID: PMC7524029 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Dermacentor marginatus is a widespread tick species and a vector of many pathogens in Eurasia. Due to the medical importance of D. marginatus, control measures are needed for this tick species. Currently tick control approaches rely mostly on acaricide application, whereas wrong and irrational acaricide use may result in drug resistance and residue problems. Vaccination as an alternative approach for tick control has been proven to be effective towards some tick species. However, immunization against D. marginatus has not yet reached satisfactory protection. The effort of in silico based analysis could predict antigenicity and identify candidates for anti-tick vaccine development. We carried out an in silico analysis of D. marginatus glutathione S-transferases (DmGSTs) in order to identify blood-feeding induced GSTs as antigens that can be used in anti-tick vaccine development. Phylogenetic analysis, linear B-cell epitope prediction, homology modeling, and conformational B-cell epitope mapping on the GST models were performed to identify highly antigenic DmGSTs. Relative gene expressions of the seven GSTs were profiled through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to outline GSTs up-regulated during blood feeding. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the seven GSTs belonged to four classes of GST, including one in epsilon-class, one in zeta-class, one in omega-class, and four in mu-class. Linear B-cell epitope prediction revealed mu-class GSTs share similar conserved antigenic regions. The conformational B-cell epitope mapped on the homology model of the GSTs displayed that GSTs of mu-class showed stronger antigenicity than that of other classes. RT-qPCR revealed DmGSTM1 and DmGSTM2 were positively related to blood feeding. In sum, the data suggest that DmGSTM1 and DmGSTM2 could be tested for potential anti-tick vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunwei Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhengxiang Hu
- Bayingol Vocational and Technical College, Korla, 841000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ruiqi Song
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liting Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shilong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Songqin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinli Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuejie Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qingyong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Chahan Bayin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No.311 Nongda Road, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China.
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10
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Yamamoto K, Yamaguchi M, Endo S. Functional characterization of an aldose reductase (bmALD1) obtained from the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:490-497. [PMID: 32681683 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily in the silkworm Bombyx mori. On the basis of its amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree, this AKR belongs to the AKR1B family and has been designated as bmALD1. In the current study, recombinant bmALD1 was overexpressed, purified to homogeneity and kinetically characterized. We discovered that bmALD1 uses NADPH as a coenzyme to reduce carbonyl compounds such as DL-glyceraldehyde, glucose and 2-nonenal. No NADH-dependent activity was detected. To the best of our knowledge, bmALD1 is only the third AKR characterized in silkworm which, given its substrate specificity, could play a major role in glucose metabolism and antioxidant reactions. Our data provide an increased understanding of insect AKR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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11
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Durand N, Pottier MA, Siaussat D, Bozzolan F, Maïbèche M, Chertemps T. Glutathione-S-Transferases in the Olfactory Organ of the Noctuid Moth Spodoptera littoralis, Diversity and Conservation of Chemosensory Clades. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1283. [PMID: 30319435 PMCID: PMC6171564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are conjugating enzymes involved in the detoxification of a wide range of xenobiotic compounds. The expression of GSTs as well as their activities have been also highlighted in the olfactory organs of several species, including insects, where they could play a role in the signal termination and in odorant clearance. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified 33 putative GSTs expressed in the antennae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. We established their expression patterns and revealed four olfactory-enriched genes in adults. In order to investigate the evolution of antennal GST repertoires in moths, we re-annotated antennal transcripts corresponding to GSTs in two moth and one coleopteran species. We performed a large phylogenetic analysis that revealed an unsuspected structural—and potentially functional—diversity of GSTs within the olfactory organ of insects. This led us to identify a conserved clade containing most of the already identified antennal-specific and antennal-enriched GSTs from moths. In addition, for all the sequences from this clade, we were able to identify a signal peptide, which is an unusual structural feature for GSTs. Taken together, these data highlight the diversity and evolution of GSTs in the olfactory organ of a pest species and more generally in the olfactory system of moths, and also the conservation of putative extracellular members across multiple insect orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Durand
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Pottier
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Siaussat
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Bozzolan
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martine Maïbèche
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
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12
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Barth MB, Buchwalder K, Kawahara AY, Zhou X, Liu S, Krezdorn N, Rotter B, Horres R, Hundsdoerfer AK. Functional characterization of the Hyles euphorbiae hawkmoth transcriptome reveals strong expression of phorbol ester detoxification and seasonal cold hardiness genes. Front Zool 2018; 15:20. [PMID: 29743927 PMCID: PMC5930835 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The European spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae), has been intensively studied as a model organism for insect chemical ecology, cold hardiness and evolution of species delineation. To understand species isolation mechanisms at a molecular level, this study aims at determining genetic factors underlying two adaptive ecological trait candidates, phorbol ester (TPA) detoxification and seasonal cold acclimation. Method A draft transcriptome of H. euphorbiae was generated using Illumina sequencing, providing the first genomic resource for the hawkmoth subfamily Macroglossinae. RNA expression levels in tissues of experimental TPA feeding larvae and cooled pupae was compared to levels in control larvae and pupae using 26 bp RNA sequence tag libraries (DeepSuperSAGE). Differential gene expression was assessed by homology searches of the tags in the transcriptome. Results In total, 389 and 605 differentially expressed transcripts for detoxification and cold hardiness, respectively, could be identified and annotated with proteins. The majority (22 of 28) of differentially expressed detox transcripts of the four 'drug metabolism' enzyme groups (cytochrome P450 (CYP), carboxylesterases (CES), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and lipases) are up-regulated. Triacylglycerol lipase was significantly over proportionally annotated among up-regulated detox transcripts. We record several up-regulated lipases, GSTe2, two CESs, CYP9A21, CYP6BD6 and CYP9A17 as candidate genes for further H. euphorbiae TPA detoxification analyses. Differential gene expression of the cold acclimation treatment is marked by metabolic depression with enriched Gene Ontology terms among down-regulated transcripts almost exclusively comprising metabolism, aerobic respiration and dissimilative functions. Down-regulated transcripts include energy expensive respiratory proteins like NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ATP synthase. Gene expression patterns show shifts in carbohydrate metabolism towards cryoprotectant production. The Glycolysis enzymes, G1Pase, A1e, Gpi and an Akr isoform are up-regulated. Glycerol, an osmolyte which lowers the body liquid supercooling point, appears to be the predominant polyol cryoprotectant in H. euphorbiae diapause pupae. Several protein candidates involved in glucose, glycerol, myo-inositol and potentially sorbitol and trehalose synthesis were identified. Conclusions A majority of differently expressed transcripts unique for either detoxification or cold hardiness indicates highly specialized functional adaptation which may have evolved from general cell metabolism and stress response.The transcriptome and extracted candidate biomarkers provide a basis for further gene expression studies of physiological processes and adaptive traits in H. euphorbiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benjamin Barth
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Koenigsbruecker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Buchwalder
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Koenigsbruecker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- 2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- 3Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Bejing, 100193 China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- 3Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Bejing, 100193 China.,4China National Gene Bank, Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Nicolas Krezdorn
- 5GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Björn Rotter
- 5GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Horres
- 5GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna K Hundsdoerfer
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Koenigsbruecker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Balakrishnan B, Su S, Wang K, Tian R, Chen M. Identification, Expression, and Regulation of an Omega Class Glutathione S-transferase in Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Insecticide Stress. Front Physiol 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 29731722 PMCID: PMC5920109 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an essential role in the detoxification of xenobiotic toxins in insects, including insecticides. However, few data are available for the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). In this study, we cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNA of an omega GST gene (RpGSTO1) from R. padi, which contains 720 bp in length and encodes 239 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that RpGSTO1 belongs to the omega class of insect GSTs. RpGSTO1 gene was highly expressed in transformed Escherichia coli and the protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant RpGSTO1 displayed reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent conjugating activity toward the substrate 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) substrate. The recombinant RpGSTO1 protein exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 30°C. In addition, a disk diffusion assay showed that E. coli overexpressing RpGSTO1 increased resistance to cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the relative expression level of RpGSTO1 was different in response to different insecticides, suggesting that the enzyme could contribute to insecticide metabolism in R. padi. These findings indicate that RpGSTO1 may play a crucial role in counteracting oxidative stress and detoxifying the insecticides. The results of our study contribute to a better understanding the mechanisms of insecticide detoxification and resistance in R. padi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Balakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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14
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Omega Class Glutathione S-Transferase: Antioxidant Enzyme in Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5049532. [PMID: 29435097 PMCID: PMC5757135 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5049532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The omega class glutathione S-transferases (GSTOs) are multifunctional enzymes involved in cellular defense and have distinct structural and functional characteristics, which differ from those of other GSTs. Previous studies provided evidence for the neuroprotective effects of GSTOs. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the neuroprotective functions of GSTOs have not been fully elucidated. Recently, our genetic and molecular studies using the Drosophila system have suggested that GstO1 has a protective function against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway, and GstO2 is required for the activation of mitochondrial ATP synthase in the Drosophila neurodegenerative disease model. The comprehensive understanding of various neuroprotection mechanisms of Drosophila GstOs from our studies provides valuable insight into the neuroprotective functions of GstOs in vivo. In this review, we briefly introduce recent studies and summarize the novel biological functions and mechanisms underpinning neuroprotective effects of GstOs in Drosophila.
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15
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Schweizer F, Heidel-Fischer H, Vogel H, Reymond P. Arabidopsis glucosinolates trigger a contrasting transcriptomic response in a generalist and a specialist herbivore. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 85:21-31. [PMID: 28455184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytophagous insects have to deal with toxic defense compounds from their host plants. Although it is known that insects have evolved genes and mechanisms to detoxify plant allochemicals, how specialist and generalist precisely respond to specific secondary metabolites at the molecular level is less understood. Here we studied the larval performance and transcriptome of the generalist moth Heliothis virescens and the specialist butterfly Pieris brassicae feeding on Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes with different glucosinolate (GS) levels. H. virescens larvae gained significantly more weight on the GS-deficient mutant quadGS compared to wild-type (Col-0) plants. On the contrary, P. brassicae was unaffected by the presence of GS and performed equally well on both genotypes. Strikingly, there was a considerable differential gene expression in H. virescens larvae feeding on Col-0 compared to quadGS. In contrast, compared to H. virescens, P. brassicae displayed a much-reduced transcriptional activation when fed on both plant genotypes. Transcripts coding for putative detoxification enzymes were significantly upregulated in H. virescens, along with digestive enzymes and transposable elements. These data provide an unprecedented view on transcriptional changes that are specifically activated by GS and illustrate differential molecular responses that are linked to adaptation to diet in lepidopteran herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schweizer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Heidel-Fischer
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Xu P, Han N, Kang T, Zhan S, Lee KS, Jin BR, Li J, Wan H. SeGSTo, a novel glutathione S-transferase from the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), involved in detoxification and oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:805-16. [PMID: 27230212 PMCID: PMC5003797 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the glutathione S-transferase superfamily can protect organisms against oxidative stress. In this study, we characterized an omega glutathione S-transferase from Spodoptera exigua (SeGSTo). The SeGSTo gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 744 nucleotides encoding a 248-amino acid polypeptide. The predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of SeGSTo are 29007 Da and 7.74, respectively. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment analysis shows that the SeGSTo sequence is closely related to the class 4 GSTo of Bombyx mori BmGSTo4 (77 % protein sequence similarity). Homologous modeling and molecular docking reveal that Cys35 may play an essential role in the catalytic process. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree indicates that SeGSTo belongs to the omega group of the GST superfamily. During S. exigua development, SeGSTo is expressed in the midgut of the fifth instar larval stage, but not in the epidermis or fat body. Identification of recombinant SeGSTo via SDS-PAGE and Western blot shows that its molecular mass is 30 kDa. The recombinant SeGSTo was able to protect super-coiled DNA from damage in a metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) system and catalyze the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), but not 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), 4-nitrophenethyl bromide (4-NPB), or 4-nitrobenzyl chloride (4-NBC). The optimal reaction pH and temperature were 8 and 50 °C, respectively, in the catalysis of CDNB by recombinant SeGSTo. The mRNA expression of SeGSTo was up-regulated by various oxidative stresses, such as CdCl2, CuSO4, and isoprocarb, and the catalytic activity of recombinant SeGSTo was noticeably inhibited by heavy metals (Cu(2+) and Cd(2+)) and various pesticides. Taken together, these results indicate that SeGSTo plays an important role in the antioxidation and detoxification of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Han
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghao Kang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Rae Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Wan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Zhang YY, Guo XL, Liu YL, Liu F, Wang HF, Guo XQ, Xu BH. Functional and mutational analyses of an omega-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTO2) that is required for reducing oxidative damage in Apis cerana cerana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:470-486. [PMID: 27170478 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases perform a variety of vital functions, particularly in reducing oxidative damage. Here, we investigated the expression patterns of Apis cerana cerana omega-class glutathione S-transferase 2 (AccGSTO2) under various stresses and explored its connection with antioxidant defences. We found that AccGSTO2 knockdown by RNA interference triggered increased mortality in Ap. cerana cerana, and immunohistochemistry revealed significantly decreased AccGSTO2 expression, particularly in the midgut and fat body. Further analyses indicated that AccGSTO2 knockdown resulted in decreases in catalase and glutathione reductase activities, ascorbate content and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, and increases in H2 O2 , malondialdehyde and carbonyl contents. We also analysed the transcripts of other antioxidant genes and found that many genes were down-regulated in the AccGSTO2 knockdown samples, revealing that AccGSTO2 may be indispensable for attaining a normal lifespan by enhancing cellular oxidative resistance. In addition, the roles of cysteine residues in AccGSTO2 were explored using site-directed mutagenesis. Mutants of Cys(28) and Cys(124) significantly affected the enzyme and antioxidant activities of AccGSTO2, which may be attributed to the changes in the spatial structures of mutants as determined by homology modelling. In summary, these observations provide novel insight into the structural and functional characteristics of GSTOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - X-L Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Y-L Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - F Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - H-F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - X-Q Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - B-H Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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18
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A glutathione S-transferase gene associated with antioxidant properties isolated from Apis cerana cerana. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Liu S, Rao XJ, Li MY, Feng MF, He MZ, Li SG. GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE Genes IN THE RICE LEAFFOLDER, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE): IDENTIFICATION AND EXPRESSION PROFILES. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 90:1-13. [PMID: 25917811 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In insects, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play critical roles in the detoxification of various insecticides, resulting in insecticide resistance. The rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is an economically important pest of rice in Asia. GST genes have not been largely identified in this insect species. In the present study, by searching the transcriptome dataset, 25 candidate GST genes were identified in C. medinalis for the first time. Of these, 23 predicted GST proteins fell into five cytosolic classes (delta, epsilon, omega, sigma, and zeta), and two were assigned to the "unclassified" subgroup. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that these GST genes were differentially expressed in various tissues, including the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and fat body of larvae, and the antenna, abdomen, and leg of adults, indicating diversified functions for these genes. Transcription levels of CmGSTd2, CmGSTe6, and CmGSTe7 increased significantly in larvae following exposure to chlorpyrifos, suggesting that these GST genes could be involved in the detoxification of this insecticide. The results of our study pave the way to a better understanding of the detoxification system of C. medinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jun Rao
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Ye Li
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Feng Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Zhu He
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Guang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Lee SY, Lim IA, Kang GU, Cha SJ, Altanbyek V, Kim HJ, Lee S, Kim K, Yim J. Protective effect of Drosophila glutathione transferase omega 1 against hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal toxicity. Gene 2015; 568:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Meng F, Zhang Y, Liu F, Guo X, Xu B. Characterization and mutational analysis of omega-class GST (GSTO1) from Apis cerana cerana, a gene involved in response to oxidative stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93100. [PMID: 24667966 PMCID: PMC3965517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omega-class of GSTs (GSTOs) is a class of cytosolic GSTs that have specific structural and functional characteristics that differ from those of other GST groups. In this study, we demonstrated the involvement of the GSTO1 gene from A. cerana cerana in the oxidative stress response and further investigated the effects of three cysteine residues of GSTO1 protein on this response. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that AccGSTO1 was highly expressed in larvae and foragers, primarily in the midgut, epidermis, and flight muscles. The AccGSTO1 mRNA was significantly induced by cold and heat at 1 h and 3 h. The TBA (2-Thiobarbituric acid) method indicated that cold or heat resulted in MDA accumulation, but silencing of AccGSTO1 by RNAi in honeybees increased the concentration of MDA. RNAi also increased the temperature sensitivity of honeybees and markedly reduced their survival. Disc diffusion assay indicated that overexpression of AccGSTO1 in E. coli caused the resistance to long-term oxidative stress. Furthermore, AccGSTO1 was active in an in vitro DNA protection assay. Mutations in Cys-28, Cys-70, and Cys-124 affected the catalytic activity and antioxidant activity of AccGSTO1. The predicted three-dimensional structure of AccGSTO1 was also influenced by the replacement of these cysteine residues. These findings suggest that AccGSTO1 plays a protective role in the response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Hu F, Dou W, Wang JJ, Jia FX, Wang JJ. Multiple glutathione S-transferase genes: identification and expression in oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:295-303. [PMID: 23589401 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is widely distributed in Asia-Pacific regions, where it is a serious pest of a wide range of tropical and subtropical fruit and vegetable crops. In this study, 17 cDNA encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in B. dorsalis were sequenced and characterised. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16 GSTs belonged to five different cytosolic classes, including four in delta, eight in epsilon, two in omega, one in theta, and one in zeta. The remaining GST (BdGSTu1) was unclassified. RT-qPCR assay showed that the relative expression levels of five GST genes were significantly higher in larval stages than in adulthood. Tissue-specific expression analysis found that BdGSTe3, BdGSTe9 and BdGSTd5 were expressed highly in the midgut, BdGSTe4, BdGSTe6, BdGSTd6 and BdGSTz2 were higher in the fat body, and six GSTs were higher in Malpighian tubules. RT-qPCR confirmed that the expressions of nine GST genes were increased by malathion exposure at various times and doses, while BdGSTe4, BdGSTe9 and BdGSTt1 were increased by β-cypermethrin exposure. CONCLUSION The increases in GST gene expression levels after malathion and β-cypermethrin exposure in B. dorsalis might increase the ability of this species to detoxify other insecticides and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China; School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
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23
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Yamamoto K, Aso Y, Yamada N. Catalytic function of an ε-class glutathione S-transferase of the silkworm. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 22:523-531. [PMID: 23803169 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily is involved in the detoxification of various xenobiotics. A silkworm GST, belonging to a previously reported Epsilon-class GST family, was identified, named bmGSTE, cloned, and produced in Escherichia coli. Investigation of this enzyme's properties showed that it was able to catalyse glutathione (GSH) with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and ethacrynic acid, and also that it possessed GSH-dependent peroxidase activity. The enzyme's highly conserved amino acid residues, including Ser11, His53, Val55, Ser68 and Arg112, were of interest regarding their possible involvement in its catalytic activity. These residues were replaced with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent kinetic analysis of bmGSTE mutants indicated that His53, Val55, and Ser68 were important for enzyme function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Yamamoto K, Suzuki M, Higashiura A, Nakagawa A. Three-dimensional structure of a Bombyx mori Omega-class glutathione transferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:588-93. [PMID: 23939046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are major phase II detoxification enzymes that play central roles in the defense against various environmental toxicants as well as oxidative stress. Here we report the crystal structure of an Omega-class glutathione transferase of Bombyx mori, bmGSTO, to gain insight into its catalytic mechanism. The structure of bmGSTO complexed with glutathione determined at a resolution of 2.5Å reveals that it exists as a dimer and is structurally similar to Omega-class GSTs with respect to its secondary and tertiary structures. Analysis of a complex between bmGSTO and glutathione showed that bound glutathione was localized to the glutathione-binding site (G-site). Site-directed mutagenesis of bmGSTO mutants indicated that amino acid residues Leu62, Lys65, Lys77, Val78, Glu91 and Ser92 in the G-site contribute to catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University Graduate School, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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25
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Zhang Y, Yan H, Lu W, Li Y, Guo X, Xu B. A novel Omega-class glutathione S-transferase gene in Apis cerana cerana: molecular characterisation of GSTO2 and its protective effects in oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:503-16. [PMID: 23382010 PMCID: PMC3682018 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be the most significant threat to the survival of living organisms. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) serve as the primary defences against xenobiotic and peroxidative-induced oxidative damage. In contrast to other well-defined GST classes, the Omega-class members are poorly understood, particularly in insects. Here, we isolated and characterised the GSTO2 gene from Apis cerana cerana (AccGSTO2). The predicted transcription factor binding sites in the AccGSTO2 promoter suggested possible functions in early development and antioxidant defence. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analyses indicated that AccGSTO2 was highly expressed in larvae and was predominantly localised to the brain tissue in adults. Moreover, AccGSTO2 transcription was induced by various abiotic stresses. The purified recombinant AccGSTO2 exhibited glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase and peroxidase activities. Furthermore, it could prevent DNA damage. In addition, Escherichia coli overexpressing AccGSTO2 displayed resistance to long-term oxidative stress exposure in disc diffusion assays. Taken together, these results suggest that AccGSTO2 plays a protective role in counteracting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
- />School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiru Yan
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xu
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
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Rajarapu SP, Mittapalli O. Glutathione-S-transferase profiles in the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Xie W, Lei Y, Fu W, Yang Z, Zhu X, Guo Z, Wu Q, Wang S, Xu B, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Tissue-specific transcriptome profiling of Plutella xylostella third instar larval midgut. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:1142-55. [PMID: 23091412 PMCID: PMC3477684 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval midgut of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a dynamic tissue that interfaces with a diverse array of physiological and toxicological processes, including nutrient digestion and allocation, xenobiotic detoxification, innate and adaptive immune response, and pathogen defense. Despite its enormous agricultural importance, the genomic resources for P. xylostella are surprisingly scarce. In this study, a Bt resistant P. xylostella strain was subjected to the in-depth transcriptome analysis to identify genes and gene networks putatively involved in various physiological and toxicological processes in the P. xylostella larval midgut. Using Illumina deep sequencing, we obtained roughly 40 million reads containing approximately 3.6 gigabases of sequence data. De novo assembly generated 63,312 ESTs with an average read length of 416 bp, and approximately half of the P. xylostella sequences (45.4%, 28,768) showed similarity to the non-redundant database in GenBank with a cut-off E-value below 10(-5). Among them, 11,092 unigenes were assigned to one or multiple GO terms and 16,732 unigenes were assigned to 226 specific pathways. In-depth analysis identified genes putatively involved in insecticide resistance, nutrient digestion, and innate immune defense. Besides conventional detoxification enzymes and insecticide targets, novel genes, including 28 chymotrypsins and 53 ABC transporters, have been uncovered in the P. xylostella larval midgut transcriptome; which are potentially linked to the Bt toxicity and resistance. Furthermore, an unexpectedly high number of ESTs, including 46 serpins and 7 lysozymes, were predicted to be involved in the immune defense.As the first tissue-specific transcriptome analysis of P. xylostella, this study sheds light on the molecular understanding of insecticide resistance, especially Bt resistance in an agriculturally important insect pest, and lays the foundation for future functional genomics research. In addition, current sequencing effort greatly enriched the existing P. xylostella EST database, and makes RNAseq a viable option in the future genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xie
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yanyuan Lei
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxia Yang
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xun Zhu
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Baoyun Xu
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- 2. Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Youjun Zhang
- 1. Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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Yan H, Meng F, Jia H, Guo X, Xu B. The identification and oxidative stress response of a zeta class glutathione S-transferase (GSTZ1) gene from Apis cerana cerana. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:782-791. [PMID: 22360998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in protecting organisms against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, no information is available for GSTs in the Chinese honey bee (Apis cerana cerana). In this study, we isolated and characterized a zeta class GST gene (AccGSTZ1) from the Chinese honey bee. This gene is present in a single copy and harbors five exons. The deduced amino acid sequence of AccGSTZ1 shared high sequence identity with homologous proteins and contained the highly conserved features of this gene family. The temporal and spatial expression profiles of AccGSTZ1 showed that AccGSTZ1 was highly expressed in fourth instar larvae during development, and the mRNA level of AccGSTZ1 was higher in the epidermis than that in other tissues. The expression pattern under oxidative stress revealed that AccGSTZ1 transcription was significantly upregulated by external factors, such as temperature challenges and H(2)O(2) treatment. The characterization of the purified protein revealed that AccGSTZ1 had low glutathione-conjugating activity, but the recombinant AccGSTZ1 protein displayed high antioxidant activity under oxidative stress. These data suggest that AccGSTZ1 is an oxidative stress-inducible antioxidant enzyme that plays an important role in the protection against oxidative stress and may be of critical importance for the survival of the honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
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29
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Zhu JY, Zhao N, Yang B. Global transcriptome profiling of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus yunnanensis (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). PLoS One 2012; 7:e32291. [PMID: 22384206 PMCID: PMC3285671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pine shoot beetle Tomicus yunnanensis (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) is an economically important pest of Pinus yunnanensis in southwestern China. Developed resistance to insecticides due to chemical pesticides being used for a long time is a factor involved in its serious damage, which poses a challenge for management. In addition, highly efficient adaptation to divergent environmental ecologies results in this pest posing great potential threat to pine forests. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown as only limited nucleotide sequence data for this species is available. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we applied next generation sequencing (Illumina sequencing) to sequence the adult transcriptome of T. yunnanensis. A total of 51,822,230 reads were obtained. They were assembled into 140,702 scaffolds, and 60,031 unigenes. The unigenes were further functionally annotated with gene descriptions, Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG). In total, 80,932 unigenes were classified into GO, 13,599 unigenes were assigned to COG, and 33,875 unigenes were found in KO categories. A biochemical pathway database containing 219 predicted pathways was also created based on the annotations. In depth analysis of the data revealed a large number of genes related to insecticides resistance and heat shock protein genes associated with environmental stress. Conclusions/Significance The results facilitate the investigations of molecular resistance mechanisms to insecticides and environmental stress. This study lays the foundation for future functional genomics studies of important biological questions of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- * E-mail: (J-YZ); (BY)
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- * E-mail: (J-YZ); (BY)
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Kakuta Y, Usuda K, Nakashima T, Kimura M, Aso Y, Yamamoto K. Crystallographic survey of active sites of an unclassified glutathione transferase from Bombyx mori. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1355-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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