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Carrera P, Odenthal J, Risse KS, Jung Y, Kuerschner L, Bülow MH. The CD36 scavenger receptor Bez regulates lipid redistribution from fat body to ovaries in Drosophila. Development 2024; 151:dev202551. [PMID: 38713014 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Lipid distribution in an organism is mediated by the interplay between lipoprotein particles, lipoprotein receptors and class B scavenger receptors of the CD36 family. CD36 is a multifunctional protein mediating lipid uptake, mobilization and signaling at the plasma membrane and inside of the cell. The CD36 protein family has 14 members in Drosophila melanogaster, which allows for the differentiated analysis of their functions. Here, we unravel a role for the so far uncharacterized scavenger receptor Bez in lipid export from Drosophila adipocytes. Bez shares the lipid binding residue with CD36 and is expressed at the plasma membrane of the embryonic, larval and adult fat body. Bez loss of function lowers the organismal availability of storage lipids and blocks the maturation of egg chambers in ovaries. We demonstrate that Bez interacts with the APOB homolog Lipophorin at the plasma membrane of adipocytes and trace the Bez-dependent transfer of an alkyne-labeled fatty acid from adipocytes to Lipophorin. Our study demonstrates how lipids are distributed by scavenger receptor-lipoprotein interplay and contribute to the metabolic control of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carrera
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES), University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna Odenthal
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina S Risse
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES), University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yerin Jung
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES), University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Kuerschner
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES), University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Margret H Bülow
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES), University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Sharma A, Sharma C, Sharma L, Wal P, Mishra P, Sachdeva N, Yadav S, Vargas De-La Cruz C, Arora S, Subramaniyan V, Rawat R, Behl T, Nandave M. Targeting the vivid facets of apolipoproteins as a cardiovascular risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:305-317. [PMID: 38334084 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mostly, cardiovascular diseases are blamed for casualties in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Customarily, dyslipidemia is probably the most prevalent underlying cause of untimely demise in people suffering from RA as it hastens the expansion of atherosclerosis. The engagement of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc., is crucial in the progression and proliferation of both RA and abnormal lipid parameters. Thus, lipid abnormalities should be monitored frequently in patients with both primary and advanced RA stages. An advanced lipid profile examination, i.e., direct role of apolipoproteins associated with various lipid molecules is a more dependable approach for better understanding of the disease and selecting suitable therapeutic targets. Therefore, studying their apolipoproteins is more relevant than assessing RA patients' altered lipid profile levels. Among the various apolipoprotein classes, Apo A1 and Apo B are primarily being focused. In addition, it also addresses how calculating Apo B:Apo A1 ratio can aid in analyzing the disease's risk. The marketed therapies available to control lipid abnormalities are associated with many other risk factors. Hence, directly targeting Apo A1 and Apo B would provide a better and safer option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chakshu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Mishra
- Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Bichpuri, Agra, India
| | - Nitin Sachdeva
- Department of Anesthesia, Mediclinic Aljowhara Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Celia Vargas De-La Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Ravi Rawat
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Delhi, India
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Shi L, Li G, Hou N, Tu L, Li J, Luo J, Hu S. APOB and CCL17 as mediators in the protective effect of SGLT2 inhibition against myocardial infarction: Insights from proteome-wide mendelian randomization. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176619. [PMID: 38679119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors offer a novel therapeutic avenue for myocardial infarction (MI). However, the exact nature of this relationship and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS Utilizing a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, we elucidated the causal effects stemming from the inhibition of SGLT2 on MI. Then, The pool of 4907 circulating proteins within the plasma proteome were utilized to explore the mediators of SGLT2 inhibitors on MI. Protein-protein network and enrichment analysis were conducted to clarify the potential mechanism. Finally, employing MR analysis and meta-analysis techniques, we systematically assessed the causal associations between SGLT2 inhibition and coronary heart diseases (CHD). RESULTS SGLT2 inhibition (per 1 SD decrement in HbA1c) was associated with reduced risk of MI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.462, [95% CI 0.222, 0.958], P = 0.038). Among 4907 circulating proteins, we identified APOB and CCL17 which were related to both SGLT2 inhibition and MI. Mediation analysis showed evidence of the indirect effect of SGLT2 inhibition on MI through APOB (β = -0.557, 95%CI [-1.098, -0.155]) with a mediated proportion of 72%, and CCL17 (β = -0.176, 95%CI [-0.332, -0.056]) with a mediated proportion of 17%. The meta-analysis result showed that SGLT2 inhibition was associated with a lower risk of CHD. CONCLUSION Based on proteome-wide mendelian randomization, APOB and CCL17 were seen as mediators in the protective effect of SGLT2 inhibition against myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Shi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ningxin Hou
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinlan Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Shuiqing Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China; Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zeng T, Lv J, Liang J, Xie B, Liu L, Tan Y, Zhu J, Jiang J, Xie H. Zebrafish cobll1a regulates lipid homeostasis via the RA signaling pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1381362. [PMID: 38699158 PMCID: PMC11063382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1381362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COBLL1 gene has been implicated in human central obesity, fasting insulin levels, type 2 diabetes, and blood lipid profiles. However, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Methods In this study, we established cobll1a mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout technique. To further dissect the molecular underpinnings of cobll1a during early development, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was employed. Results Our study showed that compared to the control, cobll1a -/- zebrafish embryos exhibited impaired development of digestive organs, including the liver, intestine, and pancreas, at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf). Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis results showed that in cobll1a knockout group, the expression level of genes in the Retinoic Acid (RA) signaling pathway was affected, and the expression level of lipid metabolism-related genes (fasn, scd, elovl2, elovl6, dgat1a, srebf1 and srebf2) were significantly changed (p < 0.01), leading to increased lipid synthesis and decreased lipid catabolism. The expression level of apolipoprotein genes (apoa1a, apoa1b, apoa2, apoa4a, apoa4b, and apoea) genes were downregulated. Conclusion Our study suggest that the loss of cobll1a resulted in disrupted RA metabolism, reduced lipoprotein expression, and abnormal lipid transport, therefore contributing to lipid accumulation and deleterious effects on early liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinrui Lv
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binling Xie
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tan
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwei Zhu
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifan Jiang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huaping Xie
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Packard CJ, Pirillo A, Tsimikas S, Ference BA, Catapano AL. Exploring apolipoprotein C-III: pathophysiological and pharmacological relevance. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2843-2857. [PMID: 38039351 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of pharmacological approaches able to effectively reduce circulating LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) has led to a substantial reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, a residual cardiovascular (CV) risk persists in treated individuals with optimal levels of LDL-C. Additional risk factors beyond LDL-C are involved, and among these, elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs) and TG-rich lipoproteins are causally associated with an increased CV risk. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a key regulator of TG metabolism and hence circulating levels through several mechanisms including the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity and alterations in the affinity of apoC-III-containing lipoproteins for both the hepatic receptors involved in their removal and extracellular matrix in the arterial wall. Genetic studies have clarified the role of apoC-III in humans, establishing a causal link with CVD and showing that loss-of-function mutations in the APOC3 gene are associated with reduced TG levels and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Currently available hypolipidaemic drugs can reduce TG levels, although to a limited extent. Substantial reductions in TG levels can be obtained with new drugs that target specifically apoC-III; these include two antisense oligonucleotides, one small interfering RNA and an antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Dyslipidaemias, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Center for the Study of Dyslipidaemias, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Chu L, Bi C, Wang C, Zhou H. The Relationship between Complements and Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Pathogenesis. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:6416773. [PMID: 38205100 PMCID: PMC10776198 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6416773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a retinal disease that causes permanent loss of central vision in people over the age of 65. Its pathogenesis may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, complement, intestinal flora, and lipid disorders. In addition, the patient's genes, age, gender, cardiovascular disease, unhealthy diet, and living habits may also be risk factors for this disease. Complement proteins are widely distributed in serum and tissue fluid. In the early 21st century, a connection was found between the complement cascade and age-related macular degeneration. However, little is known about the effect of complement factors on the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. This article reviews the factors associated with age-related macular degeneration, the relationship between each factor and complement, the related functions, and variants and provides new ideas for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaoran Bi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Caiming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Akivis Y, Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI, Bukharovich I. The Role of Triglycerides in Atherosclerosis: Recent Pathophysiologic Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:39-49. [PMID: 38288833 PMCID: PMC11107470 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x272750240109052319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides have long been recognized as a cardiovascular disease risk factor. However, their precise role in atherosclerosis and potential utility as a therapeutic target remains debated topics. This review aims to shed light on these aspects by exploring the complex relationship between triglycerides and atherosclerosis from pathophysiological and pharmacological perspectives. Triglycerides, primarily carried by chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins, play an essential role in energy storage and utilization. Dysregulation of triglyceride homeostasis and triglyceride- rich lipoproteins metabolism often leads to hypertriglyceridemia and subsequently increases atherosclerosis risk. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins remnants interact with arterial wall endothelial cells, get retained in the subendothelial space, and elicit inflammatory responses, thereby accelerating atherogenesis. Despite the clear association between high triglyceride levels and increased cardiovascular disease risk, intervention trials targeting triglyceride reduction have produced mixed results. We discuss a range of triglyceride-lowering agents, from fibrates to omega-3 fatty acids, with a focus on their mechanism of action, efficacy, and major clinical trial outcomes. Notably, the role of newer agents, such as angiopoietin-like protein 3 and apolipoprotein C3 inhibitors, is also explored. We highlight the challenges and controversies, including the ongoing debate on the causal role of triglyceride in atherosclerosis and the discordant outcomes of recent clinical trials. The potential confounding effects of associated risk factors, such as elevated apolipoprotein B, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, are considered. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of a nuanced approach to understanding the role of triglycerides in atherosclerosis and their potential as a therapeutic target. Further research is needed to unravel the complex interplay between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and associated factors in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and refine triglyceride-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Akivis
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Hussam Alkaissi
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Samy I. McFarlane
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Inna Bukharovich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYC Health and & Hospitals, Kings County, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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Machado LO, Reis D, Figueiredo Neto AM. The Soret coefficient of human low-density lipoprotein in solution: a thermophilic behavior. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:124. [PMID: 38060052 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermodiffusion, or Soret effect, is the physical phenomenon of matter gradients originated by the migration of chemical species induced by thermal gradients. Thermodiffusion has been widely applied in the study of colloidal suspensions. In this study, we investigate the termodiffusion behavior of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, by the Soret coefficient measurement. It is a new approach to studies of plasma lipoproteins. The experimental work was based on thermal- and Soret-lens effects. These effects were induced by laser irradiation of the samples, at two different time scales, in a Z-scan setup. LDL samples were analyzed under physiological conditions, notedly, ionic strength and pH, and at different temperatures. Temperature dependence of Soret coefficient showed a slight decrease in the absolute value of this coefficient, as a function of temperature increasing. However, its sign does not change at the temperatures investigated (15, 22.5 and 37.5 °C). The results show that LDL particles exhibit thermophilic behavior. The origin of this thermophilic behavior is not yet completely understood. We discuss some aspects that can be related with the Soret effect in LDL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennys Reis
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Xiao Z, Lin Z, Xu L, Xu W, Huang H, Wang Y, Cao S, Xie Z, Liao W, Liao Y, Bin J, Feng W, Chen Y. Cumulative remnant cholesterol predicts cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1924-1934. [PMID: 37708385 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Remnant cholesterol (RC) reportedly mediates residual cardiovascular risk in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, few studies have characterized long-term cumulative RC exposure among elderly people. The study aimed to evaluate the association between cumulative exposure to RC and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by analysing a cohort of elderly patients with ASCVD. METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective multicentre cohort study enrolled ASCVD participants aged ≥75 years with baseline visits occurring from 2006 to 2012 followed by four in-person visits. Cumulative RC was estimated as the area under the curve using measurements from the first to fourth visits by using 9-year data. The time-weighted average (TWA) RC was expressed as cumulative exposure to RC averaged by years. All outcomes were follow-up from the fourth visit to the year 2021. Outcomes included a composite of MACE (stroke, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death). We included 4,680 participants (73.1% male, mean age 79.3 ± 2.5 years). The median follow-up duration was 6.1 years (interquartile range: 3.4-6.6 years). In the multivariable model adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and most recent RC level, the hazard ratios for MACE that compared the high and low tertiles of the RC variables were 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-1.44] for cumulative RC and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.23-1.52) for TWA RC. Consistent significant associations were observed among most propensity score analyses. CONCLUSIONS Long-term cumulative RC was independently associated with incident MACE in elderly participants with ASCVD, suggesting that achieving and maintaining optimal RC levels later in life may still improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haoxiang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuegang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiping Cao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhiquan Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weijing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Mohamed AA, Ray KK. Inclisiran and cardiovascular events: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and future perspectives. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:527-532. [PMID: 37522763 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to offer an up-to-date evaluation of Inclisiran's (a small interfering RNA treatment) ability to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as its safety and potential effects on decreasing cardiovascular risk. RECENT FINDINGS Inclisiran significantly lowers LDL-C levels, as shown by phase III studies, by inhibiting hepatic synthesis of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK-9), a protein implicated in the degradation of LDL receptors. Inclisiran has the benefit of subcutaneous injection twice a year, which may reduce patient nonadherence when compared with other LDL-C reducing therapies such as statins and ezetimibe, which require daily dosing. When added on top of statins, a greater proportion of patients achieved recommended cholesterol goals. It has also demonstrated a good safety profile with few adverse effects. SUMMARY Inclisiran is a promising treatment for lowering LDL-C levels in people at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is a practical and well tolerated option for those who struggle to stick to medication regimes because of its twice-yearly dosage schedule and a good safety profile. Although it has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing LDL-C, further research is needed to determine its impact on reducing cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, Inclisiran is a significant advancement in lipid-lowering medication and could improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mohamed
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (ICCP), Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Ahmed RO, Ali A, Leeds T, Salem M. RNA-Seq analysis of the pyloric caecum, liver, and muscle reveals molecular mechanisms regulating fillet color in rainbow trout. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:579. [PMID: 37770878 PMCID: PMC10537910 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristic pink-reddish color in the salmonids fillet is an important, appealing quality trait for consumers and producers. The color results from diet supplementation with carotenoids, which accounts for up to 20-30% of the feed cost. Pigment retention in the muscle is a highly variable phenotype. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular basis for the variation in fillet color when rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fish families were fed an Astaxanthin-supplemented diet. We used RNA-Seq to study the transcriptome profile in the pyloric caecum, liver, and muscle from fish families with pink-reddish fillet coloration (red) versus those with lighter pale coloration (white). RESULTS More DEGs were identified in the muscle (5,148) and liver (3,180) than in the pyloric caecum (272). Genes involved in lipid/carotenoid metabolism and transport, ribosomal activities, mitochondrial functions, and stress homeostasis were uniquely enriched in the muscle and liver. For instance, the two beta carotene genes (BCO1 and BCO2) were significantly under-represented in the muscle of the red fillet group favoring more carotenoid retention. Enriched genes in the pyloric caecum were involved in intestinal absorption and transport of carotenoids and lipids. In addition, the analysis revealed the modulation of several genes with immune functions in the pyloric caecum, liver, and muscle. CONCLUSION The results from this study deepen our understanding of carotenoid dynamics in rainbow trout and can guide us on strategies to improve Astaxanthin retention in the rainbow trout fillet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan O Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ali Ali
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tim Leeds
- Department of Agriculture Kearneysville, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, United States, Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Jigoranu RA, Roca M, Costache AD, Mitu O, Oancea AF, Miftode RS, Haba MȘC, Botnariu EG, Maștaleru A, Gavril RS, Trandabat BA, Chirica SI, Haba RM, Leon MM, Costache II, Mitu F. Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerotic Disease: Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1639. [PMID: 37629496 PMCID: PMC10455542 DOI: 10.3390/life13081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern with a growing incidence worldwide. It is directly linked to an increased cardiovascular risk and to major adverse cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we try to assess the potential diagnostic role of biomarkers in the early identification of patients susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis and other adverse cardiovascular events. We have collected publications concerning already established parameters, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as newer markers, e.g., apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the ratio between apoB and apoA. Additionally, given the inflammatory nature of the development of atherosclerosis, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) are also discussed. Additionally, newer publications on other emerging components linked to atherosclerosis were considered in the context of patient evaluation. Apart from the already in-use markers (e.g., LDL-C), emerging research highlights the potential of newer molecules in optimizing the diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease in earlier stages. After further studies, they might be fully implemented in the screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul-Alexandru Jigoranu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Florinel Oancea
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Stefan Miftode
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Ștefan Cristian Haba
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eosefina Gina Botnariu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Sebastian Gavril
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Andrei Trandabat
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sabina Ioana Chirica
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Raluca Maria Haba
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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Simental-Mendía LE, Sánchez-García A, Guerrero-Romero F. Association of the triglycerides and glucose index and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance with lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein AI, and apolipoprotein B concentrations in children with normal-weight. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04935-z. [PMID: 36933015 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the association of the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with lipoprotein(a) (lp[a]), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), and apoliprotein B (apoB) concentrations in children with normal-weight. Children with normal weight aged 6-10 years and Tanner 1 stage were included in a cross-sectional study. Underweight, overweight, obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, pregnancy, acute or chronic illnesses, and any kind of pharmacological treatment were exclusion criteria. According to the lp(a) levels, children were allocated into the groups with elevated concentrations and normal values. A total of 181 children with normal weight and an average age of 8.4 ± 1.4 years were enrolled in the study. The TyG index showed a positive correlation with lp(a) and apoB in the overall population (r = 0.161 and r = 0.351, respectively) and boys (r = 0.320 and r = 0.401, respectively), but only with apoB in the girls (r = 0.294); while the HOMA-IR had a positive correlation with lp(a) levels in the overall population (r = 0.213) and boys (r = 0.328). The linear regression analysis showed that the TyG index is associated with lp(a) and apoB in the overall population (B = 20.72; 95%CI 2.03-39.41 and B = 27.25; 95%CI 16.51-37.98, respectively) and boys (B = 40.19; 95%CI 14.50-65.7 and B = 29.60; 95%CI 15.03-44.17, respectively), but only with apoB in the girls (B = 24.22; 95%CI 7.90-40.53). The HOMA-IR is associated with lp(a) in the overall population (B = 5.37; 95%CI 1.74-9.00) and boys (B = 9.63; 95%CI 3.65-15.61). Conclusion: The TyG index is associated with both lp(a) and apoB in children with normal-weight. What is Known: • The triglycerides and glucose index has been positively associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. What is New: • The triglycerides and glucose index is strongly associated with lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B in children with normal-weight. • The triglycerides and glucose index may be a useful tool to identify cardiovascular risk in children with normal-weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Predio Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34077, Durango, Dgo., Mexico.
| | - Adriana Sánchez-García
- Endocrinology Division, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Predio Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34077, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
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Calcific aortic valve disease: mechanisms, prevention and treatment. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023:10.1038/s41569-023-00845-7. [PMID: 36829083 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common disorder affecting heart valves and is characterized by thickening, fibrosis and mineralization of the aortic valve leaflets. Analyses of surgically explanted aortic valve leaflets have shown that dystrophic mineralization and osteogenic transition of valve interstitial cells co-occur with neovascularization, microhaemorrhage and abnormal production of extracellular matrix. Age and congenital bicuspid aortic valve morphology are important and unalterable risk factors for CAVD, whereas additional risk is conferred by elevated blood pressure and plasma lipoprotein(a) levels and the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, which are modifiable factors. Genetic and molecular studies have identified that the NOTCH, WNT-β-catenin and myocardin signalling pathways are involved in the control and commitment of valvular cells to a fibrocalcific lineage. Complex interactions between valve endothelial and interstitial cells and immune cells promote the remodelling of aortic valve leaflets and the development of CAVD. Although no medical therapy is effective for reducing or preventing the progression of CAVD, studies have started to identify actionable targets.
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15
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Cho C, Aliwarga T, Wiley AM, Totah RA. Cardioprotective mechanisms of cytochrome P450 derived oxylipins from ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:201-227. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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16
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Qin Y, Medina MW. Mechanism of the Regulation of Plasma Cholesterol Levels by PI(4,5)P 2. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:89-119. [PMID: 36988878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDLc) is one of the most well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease, while high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDLc) have been associated with protection from cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide; thus it is important to understand mechanisms that impact LDLc and HDLc metabolism. In this chapter, we will discuss molecular processes by which phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate, PI(4,5)P2, is thought to modulate LDLc or HDLc. Section 1 will provide an overview of cholesterol in the circulation, discussing processes that modulate the various forms of lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) carrying cholesterol. Section 2 will describe how a PI(4,5)P2 phosphatase, transmembrane protein 55B (TMEM55B), impacts circulating LDLc levels through its ability to regulate lysosomal decay of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), the primary receptor for hepatic LDL uptake. Section 3 will discuss how PI(4,5)P2 interacts with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA1), the key apolipoprotein on HDL. In addition to direct mechanisms of PI(4,5)P2 action on circulating cholesterol, Sect. 4 will review how PI(4,5)P2 may indirectly impact LDLc and HDLc by affecting insulin action. Last, as cholesterol is controlled through intricate negative feedback loops, Sect. 5 will describe how PI(4,5)P2 is regulated by cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Marisa W Medina
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Elevated ApoB/ApoA-Ι ratio is associated with poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 107:138-143. [PMID: 36402710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoproteins are known atherogenic factors that play important roles in many mechanisms related to acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, it is unclear whether the ApoB/ApoA-Ι ratio is related to the prognosis of patients with AIS. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in the Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University and investigated the association between ApoB/ApoA-Ι ratio and poor outcomes at 3 months of AIS. RESULTS 1,247 patients that met the eligibility criteria were enrolled in our study. We found that ApoA-Ι (Adjusted odds ratios (adjOR) 0.529, 95 %CI 0.327-0.855), ApoB (adjOR 3.015, 95 %CI 1.746-5.207), and ApoB/ApoA-Ι ratio (adjOR 3.986, 95 %CI 2.220-7.155) were independently associated with poor outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. During subgroup analysis, the ApoB/ApoA-Ι ratio was more likely associated with poor AIS outcomes in males and patients younger than 80 with SAO(Small Artery Occlusion) and no history of diabetes or statin use. Restricted cubic spline analyses explored the correlation between poor outcomes and ApoB/ApoA-Ι ratio. CONCLUSIONS Higher ApoB, lower ApoA-Ι, and higher ApoB/ApoA-Ι ratios were independently associated with poor outcomes in AIS. However, ApoB and ApoA-Ι were not related to hemorrhagic transformation in AIS.
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Mendes V, Niforou A, Kasdagli MI, Ververis E, Naska A. Intake of legumes and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:22-37. [PMID: 36411221 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To summarize the evidence on the association between the intake of legumes and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overall, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and to identify optimal intake levels for reduced disease risk through a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS We have systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to March, 2022 for the retrieval of intervention and observational studies (PROSPERO Reg. number: CRD42021247565). Pooled relative risks (RRs) comparing extreme categories of intake were computed using random-effects models. One-stage dose-response meta-analyses were also performed using random-effects models. 22 831 articles were screened resulting in 26 eligible observational studies (21 prospective cohort and 5 case-control studies). When comparing extreme categories of intake, the consumption of legumes was inversely associated with CVD (n = 25: RR = 0.94; 95%CI:0.89,0.99) and CHD (n = 16: RR = 0.90; 95%CI:0.85,0.96), but not with stroke (n = 9: RR = 1.00; 95%CI:0.93,1.08). We further found evidence for an inverse dose-response association with CHD, increasing in magnitude up to an intake of 400 g/week, after which the benefit seems to level-off. CONCLUSIONS The intake of legumes was associated with a reduced risk of CVD and CHD, but not with stroke, among individuals with the highest consumption levels. An intake level of 400 g/week seemed to provide the optimal cardiovascular benefit. Further research is needed to better understand the role of legumes in stroke subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Mendes
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Niforou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria I Kasdagli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ermolaos Ververis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Wong SK. A Review of Current Evidence on the Relationship between Phosphate Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:4525. [PMID: 36364791 PMCID: PMC9656201 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus, present as phosphate in biological systems, is an essential mineral for various biological activities and biochemical processes. Numerous studies have indicated that disturbed phosphate balance may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no consistent result was found on the association between phosphorus intake and serum phosphate concentration with MetS. It is believed that both positive and negative impacts of phosphorus/phosphate co-exist in parallel during MetS condition. Reduced phosphate level contributed to the development of obesity and hyperglycaemia. Low phosphate is believed to compromise energy production, reduce exercise capacity, increase food ingestion, and impair glucose metabolism. On the other hand, the effects of phosphorus/phosphate on hypertension are rather complex depending on the source of phosphorus and subjects' health conditions. Phosphorus excess activates sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and induces hormonal changes under pathological conditions, contributing to the blood pressure-rising effects. For lipid metabolism, adequate phosphate content ensures a balanced lipid profile through regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidation, and bile acid excretion. In conclusion, phosphate metabolism serves as a potential key feature for the development and progression of MetS. Dietary phosphorus and serum phosphate level should be under close monitoring for the management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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A New Structural Model of Apolipoprotein B100 Based on Computational Modeling and Cross Linking. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911480. [PMID: 36232786 PMCID: PMC9569473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoB-100 is a member of a large lipid transfer protein superfamily and is one of the main apolipoproteins found on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles. Despite its clinical significance for the development of cardiovascular disease, there is limited information on apoB-100 structure. We have developed a novel method based on the “divide and conquer” algorithm, using PSIPRED software, by dividing apoB-100 into five subunits and 11 domains. Models of each domain were prepared using I-TASSER, DEMO, RoseTTAFold, Phyre2, and MODELLER. Subsequently, we used disuccinimidyl sulfoxide (DSSO), a new mass spectrometry cleavable cross-linker, and the known position of disulfide bonds to experimentally validate each model. We obtained 65 unique DSSO cross-links, of which 87.5% were within a 26 Å threshold in the final model. We also evaluated the positions of cysteine residues involved in the eight known disulfide bonds in apoB-100, and each pair was measured within the expected 5.6 Å constraint. Finally, multiple domains were combined by applying constraints based on detected long-range DSSO cross-links to generate five subunits, which were subsequently merged to achieve an uninterrupted architecture for apoB-100 around a lipoprotein particle. Moreover, the dynamics of apoB-100 during particle size transitions was examined by comparing VLDL and LDL computational models and using experimental cross-linking data. In addition, the proposed model of receptor ligand binding of apoB-100 provides new insights into some of its functions.
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21
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Shen X, Zhang Y, Ji X, Li B, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Zou R, Qin D, Zhou H, Wang Q, Li JZ. Long Noncoding RNA lncRHL Regulates Hepatic VLDL Secretion by Modulating hnRNPU/BMAL1/MTTP Axis. Diabetes 2022; 71:1915-1928. [PMID: 35771993 PMCID: PMC9862400 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatic VLDL secretion contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperlipidemia. Accumulating evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) had malfunctioning roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, the function of lncRNAs in controlling hepatic VLDL secretion remains largely unillustrated. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA, lncRNA regulator of hyperlipidemia (lncRHL), which was liver-enriched, downregulated on high-fat diet feeding, and inhibited by oleic acid treatment in primary hepatocytes. With genetic manipulation in mice and primary hepatocytes, depletion of lncRHL induces hepatic VLDL secretion accompanied by decreased hepatic lipid contents. Conversely, lncRHL restoration reduces VLDL secretion with increased lipid deposition in hepatocytes. Mechanistic analyses indicate that lncRHL binds directly to heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein U (hnRNPU), and thereby enhances its stability, and that hnRNPU can transcriptional activate Bmal1, leading to inhibition of VLDL secretion in hepatocytes. lncRHL deficiency accelerates the protein degradation of hnRNPU and suppresses the transcription of Bmal1, which in turn activates VLDL secretion in hepatocytes. With results taken together, we conclude that lncRHL is a novel suppressor of hepatic VLDL secretion. Activating the lncRHL/hnRNPU/BMAL1/MTTP axis represents a potential strategy for the maintenance of intrahepatic and plasma lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuetao Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
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22
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St Pierre CL, Macias-Velasco JF, Wayhart JP, Yin L, Semenkovich CF, Lawson HA. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms govern allele-specific gene expression. Genome Res 2022; 32:1042-1057. [PMID: 35501130 PMCID: PMC9248887 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276193.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Allele-specific expression (ASE) is a phenomenon in which one allele is preferentially expressed over the other. Genetic and epigenetic factors cause ASE by altering the final composition of a gene's product, leading to expression imbalances that can have functional consequences on phenotypes. Environmental signals also impact allele-specific expression, but how they contribute to this cross talk remains understudied. Here, we explored how genotype, parent-of-origin, tissue, sex, and dietary fat simultaneously influence ASE biases. Male and female mice from a F1 reciprocal cross of the LG/J and SM/J strains were fed a high or low fat diet. We harnessed strain-specific variants to distinguish between two ASE classes: parent-of-origin-dependent (unequal expression based on parental origin) and sequence-dependent (unequal expression based on nucleotide identity). We present a comprehensive map of ASE patterns in 2853 genes across three tissues and nine environmental contexts. We found that both ASE classes are highly dependent on tissue and environmental context. They vary across metabolically relevant tissues, between males and females, and in response to dietary fat. We also found 45 genes with inconsistent ASE biases that switched direction across tissues and/or environments. Finally, we integrated ASE and QTL data from published intercrosses of the LG/J and SM/J strains. Our ASE genes are often enriched in QTLs for metabolic and musculoskeletal traits, highlighting how this orthogonal approach can prioritize candidate genes. Together, our results provide novel insights into how genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms govern allele-specific expression, which is an essential step toward deciphering the genotype-to-phenotype map.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Yin
- Washington University in Saint Louis
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23
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Hussain H, Vutipongsatorn K, Jiménez B, Antcliffe DB. Patient Stratification in Sepsis: Using Metabolomics to Detect Clinical Phenotypes, Sub-Phenotypes and Therapeutic Response. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050376. [PMID: 35629881 PMCID: PMC9145582 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are common and need minimal treatment; however, occasionally, due to inappropriate immune response, they can develop into a life-threatening condition known as sepsis. Sepsis is a global concern with high morbidity and mortality. There has been little advancement in the treatment of sepsis, outside of antibiotics and supportive measures. Some of the difficulty in identifying novel therapies is the heterogeneity of the condition. Metabolic phenotyping has great potential for gaining understanding of this heterogeneity and how the metabolic fingerprints of patients with sepsis differ based on survival, organ dysfunction, disease severity, type of infection, treatment or causative organism. Moreover, metabolomics offers potential for patient stratification as metabolic profiles obtained from analytical platforms can reflect human individuality and phenotypic variation. This article reviews the most relevant metabolomic studies in sepsis and aims to provide an overview of the metabolic derangements in sepsis and how metabolic phenotyping has been used to identify sub-groups of patients with this condition. Finally, we consider the new avenues that metabolomics could open, exploring novel phenotypes and untangling the heterogeneity of sepsis, by looking at advances made in the field with other -omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humma Hussain
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (H.H.); (K.V.)
| | - Kritchai Vutipongsatorn
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (H.H.); (K.V.)
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - David B. Antcliffe
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (H.H.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Borén J, Taskinen MR, Björnson E, Packard CJ. Metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in health and dyslipidaemia. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:577-592. [PMID: 35318466 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to the causal role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their cholesterol-enriched remnants in atherogenesis. Genetic studies in particular have not only revealed a relationship between plasma triglyceride levels and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but have also identified key proteins responsible for the regulation of triglyceride transport. Kinetic studies in humans using stable isotope tracers have been especially useful in delineating the function of these proteins and revealing the hitherto unappreciated complexity of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Given that triglyceride is an essential energy source for mammals, triglyceride transport is regulated by numerous mechanisms that balance availability with the energy demands of the body. Ongoing investigations are focused on determining the consequences of dysregulation as a result of either dietary imprudence or genetic variation that increases the risk of atherosclerosis and pancreatitis. The identification of molecular control mechanisms involved in triglyceride metabolism has laid the groundwork for a 'precision-medicine' approach to therapy. Novel pharmacological agents under development have specific molecular targets within a regulatory framework, and their deployment heralds a new era in lipid-lowering-mediated prevention of disease. In this Review, we outline what is known about the dysregulation of triglyceride transport in human hypertriglyceridaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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25
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Jiang Z, Cui X, Qu P, Shang C, Xiang M, Wang J. Roles and mechanisms of puerarin on cardiovascular disease:A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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26
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Yang Y, Zhang D, Guo D, Li J, Xu S, Wei J, Xie J, Zhou X. Osteoblasts impair cholesterol synthesis in chondrocytes via Notch1 signalling. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13156. [PMID: 34726809 PMCID: PMC8666287 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous reports have proposed the importance of signalling and material exchange between cartilage and subchondral bone. However, the specific experimental evidence is still insufficient to support the effect of this interdependent relationship on mutual cell behaviours. In this study, we aimed to investigate cellular lipid metabolism in chondrocytes induced by osteoblasts. Methods Osteoblast‐induced chondrocytes were established in a Transwell chamber. A cholesterol detection kit was used to detect cholesterol contents. RNA sequencing and qPCR were performed to assess changes in mRNA expression. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expression. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to show the cellular distribution of proteins. Results Cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in chondrocytes induced by osteoblasts. Osteoblasts reduced cholesterol synthesis in chondrocytes by reducing the expression of a series of synthetases, including Fdft1, Sqle, Lss, Cyp51, Msmo1, Nsdhl, Sc5d, Dhcr24 and Dhcr7. This modulatory process involves Notch1 signalling. The expression of ncstn and hey1, an activator and a specific downstream target of Notch signalling, respectively, were decreased in chondrocytes induced by osteoblasts. Conclusions For the first time, we elucidated that communication with osteoblasts reduces cholesterol synthesis in chondrocytes through Notch1 signalling. This result may provide a better understanding of the effect of subchondral bone signalling on chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daimo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiachi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieya Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Sun P, Zhao L, Zhang N, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wu W, Ji B, Zhou F. Bioactivity of Dietary Polyphenols: The Role in LDL-C Lowering. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112666. [PMID: 34828946 PMCID: PMC8617782 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the death around the world. An elevation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To achieve optimal plasma LDL-C levels, clinal therapies were investigated which targeted different metabolism pathways. However, some therapies also caused various adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for new treatment options and/or combination therapies to inhibit the LDL-C level. Dietary polyphenols have received much attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases due to their potential LDL-C lowering effects. However, the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of polyphenols in lowering LDL-C is not comprehensively summarized. This review focused on dietary polyphenols that could reduce LDL-C and their mechanisms of action. This review also discussed the limitations and suggestions regarding previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-7129
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28
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Metabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 270:133-156. [PMID: 34676434 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Triglycerides are critical lipids as they provide an energy source that is both compact and efficient. Due to its hydrophobic nature triglyceride molecules can pack together densely and so be stored in adipose tissue. To be transported in the aqueous medium of plasma, triglycerides have to be incorporated into lipoprotein particles along with other components such as cholesterol, phospholipid and associated structural and regulatory apolipoproteins. Here we discuss the physiology of normal triglyceride metabolism, and how impaired metabolism induces hypertriglyceridemia and its pathogenic consequences including atherosclerosis. We also discuss established and novel therapies to reduce triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
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29
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Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100690. [PMID: 34677405 PMCID: PMC8540246 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) B, the critical structural protein of the atherogenic lipoproteins, has two major isoforms: apoB48 and apoB100. ApoB48 is found in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants with one apoB48 molecule per chylomicron particle. Similarly, a single apoB100 molecule is contained per particle of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein, LDL and lipoprotein(a). This unique one apoB per particle ratio makes plasma apoB concentration a direct measure of the number of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins. ApoB levels indicate the atherogenic particle concentration independent of the particle cholesterol content, which is variable. While LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying serum lipoprotein, is the primary therapeutic target for management and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, there is strong evidence that apoB is a more accurate indicator of cardiovascular risk than either total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. This review examines multiple aspects of apoB structure and function, with a focus on the controversy over use of apoB as a therapeutic target in clinical practice. Ongoing coronary artery disease residual risk, despite lipid-lowering treatment, has left patients and clinicians with unsatisfactory options for monitoring cardiovascular health. At the present time, the substitution of apoB for LDL-C in cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines has been deemed unjustified, but discussions continue.
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30
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Intestinal and Hepatic Uptake of Dietary Peroxidized Lipids and Their Decomposition Products, and Their Subsequent Effects on Apolipoprotein A1 and Paraoxonase1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081258. [PMID: 34439506 PMCID: PMC8389297 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both pro- and antiatherosclerotic effects have been ascribed to dietary peroxidized lipids. Confusion on the role of peroxidized lipids in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is punctuated by a lack of understanding regarding the metabolic fate and potential physiological effects of dietary peroxidized lipids and their decomposition products. This study sought to determine the metabolic fate and physiological ramifications of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) and 13-HODE (13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) supplementation in intestinal and hepatic cell lines, as well as any effects resulting from 13-HPODE or 13-HODE degradation products. In the presence of Caco-2 cells, 13-HPODE was rapidly reduced to 13-HODE. Upon entering the cell, 13-HODE appears to undergo decomposition, followed by esterification. Moreover, 13-HPODE undergoes autodecomposition to produce aldehydes such as 9-oxononanoic acid (9-ONA). Results indicate that 9-ONA was oxidized to azelaic acid (AzA) rapidly in cell culture media, but AzA was poorly absorbed by intestinal cells and remained detectable in cell culture media for up to 18 h. An increased apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) secretion was observed in Caco-2 cells in the presence of 13-HPODE, 9-ONA, and AzA, whereas such induction was not observed in HepG2 cells. However, 13-HPODE treatments suppressed paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, suggesting the induction of ApoA1 secretion by 13-HPODE may not represent functional high-density lipoprotein (HDL) capable of reducing oxidative stress. Alternatively, AzA induced both ApoA1 secretion and PON1 activity while suppressing ApoB secretion in differentiated Caco-2 cells but not in HepG2. These results suggest oxidation of 9-ONA to AzA might be an important phenomenon, resulting in the accumulation of potentially beneficial dietary peroxidized lipid-derived aldehydes.
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31
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Templehof H, Moshe N, Avraham-Davidi I, Yaniv K. Zebrafish mutants provide insights into Apolipoprotein B functions during embryonic development and pathological conditions. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e130399. [PMID: 34236046 PMCID: PMC8410079 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the primary protein of chylomicrons, VLDLs, and LDLs and is essential for their production. Defects in ApoB synthesis and secretion result in several human diseases, including abetalipoproteinemia and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL1). In addition, ApoB-related dyslipidemia is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a silent pandemic affecting billions globally. Due to the crucial role of APOB in supplying nutrients to the developing embryo, ApoB deletion in mammals is embryonic lethal. Thus, a clear understanding of the roles of this protein during development is lacking. Here, we established zebrafish mutants for 2 apoB genes: apoBa and apoBb.1. Double-mutant embryos displayed hepatic steatosis, a common hallmark of FHBL1 and NAFLD, as well as abnormal liver laterality, decreased numbers of goblet cells in the gut, and impaired angiogenesis. We further used these mutants to identify the domains within ApoB responsible for its functions. By assessing the ability of different truncated forms of human APOB to rescue the mutant phenotypes, we demonstrate the benefits of this model for prospective therapeutic screens. Overall, these zebrafish models uncover what are likely previously undescribed functions of ApoB in organ development and morphogenesis and shed light on the mechanisms underlying hypolipidemia-related diseases.
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32
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Niksirat H, Siino V, Steinbach C, Levander F. High-Resolution Proteomic Profiling Shows Sexual Dimorphism in Zebrafish Heart-Associated Proteins. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4075-4088. [PMID: 34185526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism in the cardiovascular system may contribute to the improvement of the outcome in biological, pharmacological, and toxicological studies as well as on the development of sex-based drugs and therapeutic approaches. Label-free protein quantification using high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to detect sex-based proteome differences in the heart of zebrafish Danio rerio. Out of almost 3000 unique identified proteins in the heart, 79 showed significant abundance differences between male and female fish. The functional differences were mapped using enrichment analyses. Our results suggest that a large amount of materials needed for reproduction (e.g., sugars, lipids, proteins, etc.) may impose extra pressure on blood, vessels, and heart on their way toward the ovaries. In the present study, the female's heart shows a clear sexual dimorphism by changing abundance levels of numerous proteins, which could be a way to safely overcome material-induced elevated pressures. These proteins belong to the immune system, oxidative stress response, drug metabolization, detoxification, energy, metabolism, and so on. In conclusion, we showed that sex can induce dimorphism at the molecular level in nonsexual organs such as heart and must be considered as an important factor in cardiovascular research. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD023506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Niksirat
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Siino
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 223 87, Sweden
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 223 87, Sweden.,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 223 87, Sweden
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33
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Tabernilla A, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Pieters A, Caufriez A, Leroy K, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Gomes AR, Arnesdotter E, Gijbels E, Vinken M. In Vitro Liver Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: A Pragmatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5038. [PMID: 34068678 PMCID: PMC8126138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical questions, but is also rather poorly predictive of human safety towards chemicals. Increasing attention is, therefore, being paid to the development of non-animal and human-based testing schemes, which rely to a great extent on in vitro methodology. The present paper proposes a rationalized tiered in vitro testing strategy to detect liver toxicity triggered by chemicals, in which the first tier is focused on assessing general cytotoxicity, while the second tier is aimed at identifying liver-specific toxicity as such. A state-of-the-art overview is provided of the most commonly used in vitro assays that can be used in both tiers. Advantages and disadvantages of each assay as well as overall practical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.T.); (B.d.S.R.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.R.G.); (E.A.); (E.G.)
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Bagherniya M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Regulation of Apolipoprotein B by Natural Products and Nutraceuticals: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1363-1406. [PMID: 32338202 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200427092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the most important and the number one cause of mortality in both developing and industrialized nations. The co-morbidities associated with CVD are observed from infancy to old age. Apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B) is the primary apolipoprotein and structural protein of all major atherogenic particles derived from the liver including Very-Low- Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), Intermediate-density Lipoprotein (IDL), and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) particles. It has been suggested that measurement of the Apo B concentration is a superior and more reliable index for the prediction of CVD risk than is the measurement of LDL-C. Nutraceuticals and medicinal plants have attracted significant attention as it pertains to the treatment of non-communicable diseases, particularly CVD, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The effect of nutraceuticals and herbal products on CVD, as well as some of its risk factors such as dyslipidemia, have been investigated previously. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of these natural products, including herbal supplements and functional foods (e.g. fruits and vegetables as either dry materials, or their extracts) on Apo B has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper was to review the effect of bioactive natural compounds on plasma Apo B concentrations. It is concluded that, in general, medicinal plants and nutraceuticals can be used as complementary medicine to reduce plasma Apo B levels in a safe, accessible, and inexpensive manner in an attempt to prevent and treat CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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35
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Masson W, Lobo M, Lavalle-Cobo A, Molinero G. Effect of Bempedoic Acid on atherogenic lipids and inflammation: A meta-analysis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33:117-126. [PMID: 33328138 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bempedoic acid is a novel non-statin drug that was developed to treat hyperlipidemia in combination with other lipid-lowering drugs in those patients who need additional lipid lowering. OBJECTIVES (1) To investigate the lipid efficacy of bempedoic acid; (2) to analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of bempedoic acid estimated through high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). METHODS We performed a meta-analysis including randomized trials of bempedoic acid therapy, reporting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apolipoprotein B and hsCRP with a minimum of 4 weeks of follow-up. The primary endpoint was defined as the percentage change in lipids and hsCRP levels measured from baseline to follow-up, comparing groups of subjects on bempedoic acid versus placebo. RESULTS Seven eligible trials of bempedoic acid (3892 patients) were included. The bempedoic acid therapy was associated with a significant reduction in LDL-C levels [-20.3% (CI 95% -23.5 to -17.1)]; I2=43%]. Similarly, a significant percentage reduction in the apolipoprotein B levels [-14.3% (CI 95% -16.4 to -12.1)]; p<0.05; I2=46%], non-HDL-C levels [-15.5% (CI 95% -18.1 to -13.0)]; p<0.05; I2=53%] and hsCRP [-23.4% (CI 95% -32.6 to -14.2)]; p<0.05; I2=69%] was demonstrated with the bempedoic acid use. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that the use of bempedoic acid significantly reduces the levels of all atherogenic lipid markers, including LDL-C, non-HDL-C and apolipoprotein B. Furthermore, considering hsCRP levels, the drug produces an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Masson
- Council of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention, Argentine Society of Cardiology, Azcuenaga 980, C1115AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190 (C1199ABB), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martín Lobo
- Council of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention, Argentine Society of Cardiology, Azcuenaga 980, C1115AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cardiology Department, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Tte. Gral. Ricchieri S/N (B1659AMA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Lavalle-Cobo
- Council of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention, Argentine Society of Cardiology, Azcuenaga 980, C1115AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cardiology Department, Sanatorio Finochietto, Av. Córdoba 2678 (C1187AAN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Molinero
- Council of Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Prevention, Argentine Society of Cardiology, Azcuenaga 980, C1115AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yeung E, Daniels SR, Patel SS. Dyslipidemia in childhood and adolescence: from screening to management. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021; 28:152-158. [PMID: 33394719 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize types of dyslipidemia frequently encountered during childhood and adolescence, with a focus on screening, diagnosis, and management. RECENT FINDINGS It is important that screening for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) begin in childhood. Genetic testing allows for increased awareness of dyslipidemia and more targeted intervention. Pharmacologic treatment of pediatric dyslipidemias has a good safety profile and can reduce adult ASCVD risk. SUMMARY Much of what is known about pediatric dyslipidemia has been extrapolated from adult data, but recently, there have been increasing investigations within the pediatric population to better guide diagnosis and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Yeung
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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37
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Li X, Chen Q, Li Q, Li J, Cui K, Zhang Y, Kong A, Zhang Y, Wan M, Mai K, Ai Q. Effects of High Levels of Dietary Linseed Oil on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Front Physiol 2021; 12:631850. [PMID: 33679441 PMCID: PMC7925408 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.631850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A growth experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil (FO) replaced by linseed oil (LO) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, hepatic lipid metabolism, and expression of inflammatory genes in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Fish (initial weight: 15.88 ± 0.14 g) were fed four experimental diets with 0% (the control), 33.3%, 66.7%, and 100% of FO replaced by LO. Each diet was randomly attributed to triplicate seawater floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 2.0 m) with 60 fish in each cage. Results showed that the growth performance of fish fed the diet with 100% LO was markedly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while no remarkable difference was observed in the growth performance of fish fed diets within 66.7% LO (P > 0.05). The percentage of 18:3n-3 was the highest in the liver and muscle of fish fed the diet with 100% LO among the four treatments. When dietary FO was entirely replaced by LO, fish had a markedly higher total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content, and alanine transaminase activity in the serum than the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde was markedly higher, while the activity of catalase was markedly lower in fish fed the diet with 100% LO than the control group (P < 0.05). When dietary FO was entirely replaced by LO, hepatic lipid content, transcriptional levels of fatp1 and cd36, and CD36 protein expression were significantly higher, while transcriptional level of cpt-1 and CPT-1 protein expression were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). As for the gene expression of cytokines, fish fed the diet with 100% LO had markedly higher transcriptional levels of il-1β, tnfα, and il-6 than the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the substitution of 66.7% FO with LO had no significant effects on the growth performance of fish, while 100% LO decreased the growth performance and increased the inflammation and hepatic lipid content of fish. The increase of hepatic lipid content was probably due to the increased fatty acid uptake and decreased fatty acid oxidation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Adong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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38
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Clarkson-Townsend DA, Douglass AJ, Singh A, Allen RS, Uwaifo IN, Pardue MT. Impacts of high fat diet on ocular outcomes in rodent models of visual disease. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108440. [PMID: 33444582 PMCID: PMC7946735 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High fat diets (HFD) have been utilized in rodent models of visual disease for over 50 years to model the effects of lipids, metabolic dysfunction, and diet-induced obesity on vision and ocular health. HFD treatment can recapitulate the pathologies of some of the leading causes of blindness, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rodent models of visual disease. However, there are many important factors to consider when using and interpreting these models. To synthesize our current understanding of the importance of lipid signaling, metabolism, and inflammation in HFD-driven visual disease processes, we systematically review the use of HFD in mouse and rat models of visual disease. The resulting literature is grouped into three clusters: models that solely focus on HFD treatment, models of diabetes that utilize both HFD and streptozotocin (STZ), and models of AMD that utilize both HFD and genetic models and/or other exposures. Our findings show that HFD profoundly affects vision, retinal function, many different ocular tissues, and multiple cell types through a variety of mechanisms. We delineate how HFD affects the cornea, lens, uvea, vitreous humor, retina, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), and Bruch's membrane (BM). Furthermore, we highlight how HFD impairs several retinal cell types, including glia (microglia), retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptors, and vascular support cells (endothelial cells and pericytes). However, there are a number of gaps, limitations, and biases in the current literature. We highlight these gaps and discuss experimental design to help guide future studies. Very little is known about how HFD impacts the lens, ciliary bodies, and specific neuronal populations, such as rods, cones, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and retinal ganglion cells. Additionally, sex bias is an important limitation in the current literature, with few HFD studies utilizing female rodents. Future studies should use ingredient-matched control diets (IMCD), include both sexes in experiments to evaluate sex-specific outcomes, conduct longitudinal metabolic and visual measurements, and capture acute outcomes. In conclusion, HFD is a systemic exposure with profound systemic effects, and rodent models are invaluable in understanding the impacts on visual and ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Clarkson-Townsend
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Amber J Douglass
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Anayesha Singh
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA; Emory Center for Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachael S Allen
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ivie N Uwaifo
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Caveolin-1 in autophagy: A potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 513:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Lipids exert diverse functions in living organisms. They form cellular membranes, store and transport energy and play signalling roles. Some lipid species function in all of these processes, making them ideal candidates to coordinate metabolism with cellular homeostasis and animal development. This theme was central to Suzanne Eaton's research in the fruit fly, Drosophila Here, we discuss her work on membrane lipid homeostasis in changing environments and on functions for lipids in the Hedgehog signalling pathway. We further highlight lipoproteins as inter-organ carriers of lipids and lipid-linked morphogens, which communicate dietary and developmental signals throughout the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Palm
- Cell and Tumor Biology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rodenfels
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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41
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Kim CW, Hong S, Chang Y, Lee JA, Shin H, Ryu S. Discordance Between Apolipoprotein B and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Middle Age. Circ J 2020; 85:900-907. [PMID: 33311006 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high level of apolipoprotein B (apoB) is associated with incident coronary artery disease (CAD) when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is discordantly low or concordantly high. However, data on the relationship of apoB with subclinical measure of CAD are limited.Methods and Results:A total of 14,205 men (mean age 41.0 years) who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline and who underwent a health checkup exam, including measurement of coronary artery calcium (CAC), were studied. Of the study group, 2,773 participants (19.5%) had CAC at baseline, and CAC progression was observed in 2,550 (18.0%). The multivariate-adjusted CAC score ratios (95% confidence interval) comparing discordantly high apoB/low LDL-C and concordantly high apoB/high LDL-C with concordantly low apoB/low LDL-C were 1.51 (0.98-2.32) and 2.70 (2.19-3.33), respectively. The corresponding relative risks for CAC progression were 1.26 (1.02-1.56) and 1.49 (1.34-1.66), respectively. These associations did not change appreciably after adjustment for insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Discordant analysis showed that a high apoB level was strongly associated with prevalence and progression of CAC independent of LDL-C in a large cohort of healthy adults. The present study results highlighted the importance of an apoB measure as a potential target for primary prevention of coronary atherosclerosis in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Won Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine.,Workplace Health Institute, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine.,Workplace Health Institute, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Jung Ah Lee
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine.,Workplace Health Institute, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University
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42
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Comparative study on formation of protein coronas under three different serum origins. Biointerphases 2020; 15:061002. [PMID: 33187398 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials form a complex called "protein corona" by contacting with protein-containing biological fluids such as serum when they are exposed to physiological environments. The characteristics of these proteins, which are one of the substantial factors in cellular response, are affected by the interactions between the nanomaterials and the biological systems. Many studies have investigated the biological behaviors of nanomaterials by conducting experiments in vitro and in vivo; however, the origin of the biological materials used is rather inconsistent. This is due to the fact that the composition of the protein coronas may differ depending on the animal origin, not on the composition or size of the nanoparticles. The resulting differences in the composition of the protein coronas can lead to different conclusions. To identify the differences in protein corona formation among sera of different species, we investigated protein coronas of gold and silica nanoparticles in serum obtained from various species. Using comparative proteomic analysis, common proteins adsorbed onto each nanoparticle among the three different sera were identified as highly abundant proteins in the serum. These findings indicate that protein corona formation is dependent on the serum population rather than the size or type of the nanoparticles. Additionally, in the physiological classification of protein coronas, human serum (HS) was found to be rich in apolipoproteins. In conclusion, our data indicate that HS components are different from those of bovine or mouse, indicating that the serum species origin should be carefully considered when selecting a biological fluid.
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43
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Xin L, Gao J, Lin H, Qu Y, Shang C, Wang Y, Lu Y, Cui X. Regulatory Mechanisms of Baicalin in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:583200. [PMID: 33224035 PMCID: PMC7667240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is the leading cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide, which emphasizes the urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. In eastern countries, traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been used clinically for thousands of years. Baicalin is one of the main active ingredients extracted from Chinese herbal medicine S. baicalensis. Emerging evidence has established that baicalin improves chronic inflammation, immune imbalance, disturbances in lipid metabolism, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Thereby it offers beneficial roles against the initiation and progression of CVDs such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and reperfusion, and heart failure. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological features and relevant mechanisms by which baicalin regulates CVDs in the hope to reveal its application for CVDs prevention and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyun Xin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Park SJ, Park DH. REvisiting Lipids in REtinal Diseases: A Focused Review on Age-related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:406-418. [PMID: 33024733 PMCID: PMC7521975 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia refers to an abnormal amount of lipid in the blood, and the total cholesterol level is defined as the sum of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and very-LDL cholesterol concentrations. In Korea, the westernization of lifestyle habits in recent years has caused an increase in the incidence of dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies have been conducted on how dyslipidemia affects not only CVD, but also chorioretinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Recently, a pathological model of AMD was proposed under the assumption that AMD proceeds through a mechanism similar to that of atherosclerotic CVD. However, controversy remains regarding the relationship between chorioretinal diseases and lipid levels in the blood, and the effects of lipid-lowering agents. Herein, we summarize the role of lipids in chorioretinal diseases. In addition, the effects of lipid-lowering agents on the prevention and progression of chorioretinal diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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45
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Nurtazina A, Kozhakhmetova D, Dautov D, Shakhanova A, Chattu VK. Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio as a Diagnostic Alternative to Triglycerides and HDL-Cholesterol for the Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome among Hypertensives in Kazakhstan. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080510. [PMID: 32717783 PMCID: PMC7459610 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (Apo) are known atherogenic factors that play important roles in many mechanisms related to coronary heart disease. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is a promising diagnostic tool for metabolic syndrome (MS) in different populations, though its use is not established in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to assess the relationship between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio among hypertensive patients and to evaluate its diagnostic use for identifying MS as an alternative to triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 800 eligible men and women with primary hypertension from April 2015 to December 2016. Data were collected on socio-demographics, lifestyle parameters, family history of cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Dietary Quality Score (DQS), anthropometric data, and blood pressure were recorded; ApoA1 and ApoB levels were measured in blood samples. We found a significant positive association between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio by multiple logistic regression, as shown by a linear trend of increase of the odds ratio (OR) for MS across the quartiles of ApoB/ApoA1 (p < 0.0001). ROC analysis revealed diagnostic significance of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio for MS, and comparative ROC analysis demonstrated equal diagnostic value of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and TG levels (AUC = 0.71 (95% CI 0.69; 0.74) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.69, 0.76), respectively), which was significantly higher than those of HDL, ApoA1, ApoB (AUC = 0.27 (95% CI 0.23; 0.31), AUC = 0.37 (95% CI 0.33; 0.41), AUC = 0.67, (95% CI 0.63; 0.71), respectively). The diagnostic value of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in Kazakhs with MS appeared to equal that of TG and was significantly higher than that of HDL-C. Adjusting for gender, smoking, and DQS significantly strengthened the association between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in the Kazakh population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Nurtazina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (V.K.C.); Tel.: +1-416-864-6060 (V.K.C.)
| | - Dana Kozhakhmetova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (D.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Daulet Dautov
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aizhan Shakhanova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (D.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (V.K.C.); Tel.: +1-416-864-6060 (V.K.C.)
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Luo X, Liu Z, Ge X, Huang S, Zhou Y, Li D, Li L, Chen X, Huang L, Hou Q, Cheng H, Xiao L, Liu C, Zou Y, Yang X. High manganese exposure decreased the risk of high triglycerides in workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:874. [PMID: 32503499 PMCID: PMC7275562 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese (Mn) participates in lipid metabolism. However, the associations between Mn exposure and dyslipidaemia is unclear. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the 2017 the Mn-exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC). Finally, 803 occupationally Mn-exposed workers included in the study. The workers were divided into two groups. The grouping of this study was based on Mn-Time Weighted Averages (Mn-TWA). The high-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA greater than 0.15 mg/m3. The low-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA less than or equal to 0.15 mg/m3. Mn-TWA levels and dyslipidaemia were assessed. Results After adjustment for seniority, sex, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, high-fat diet frequency, medicine intake in the past two weeks, egg intake frequency, drinking tea, WHR, and hypertension, Mn-TWA levels was negatively correlated with high triglycerides (TG) risk in workers overall (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.73; p < 0.01). The results of males and females were consistent (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.81; p < 0.01) and (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.94; p < 0.01), respectively. By performing interactions analyses of workers overall, we observed no significant interactions among confounders. Mn-TWA levels and pack-years on high TG risk (relative excess risk for the interactions (RERI = 2.29, 95% CI: − 2.07, 6.66), (RERI) = 2.98, 95% CI: − 2.30, 8.26). Similarly, smoking status, drinking status, high-fat diet frequency, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) showed non-significant interactions with Mn-TWA levels on high TG risk. Conclusions This research indicates that high Mn exposure was negatively related to high TG risk in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Ge
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sifang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longman Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingzhi Hou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. .,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. .,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Wu M, Liu L, Xing Y, Yang S, Li H, Cao Y. Roles and Mechanisms of Hawthorn and Its Extracts on Atherosclerosis: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32153414 PMCID: PMC7047282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally; it causes a considerable burden on families and caregivers and results in significant financial costs being incurred. Hawthorn has an extensive history of medical use in many countries. In China, the use of hawthorn for the treatment of CVD dates to 659 AD. In addition, according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, it acts on tonifying the spleen to promote digestion and activate blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis. This review revealed that the hawthorn extracts possess serum lipid-lowering, anti-oxidative, and cardiovascular protective properties, thus gaining popularity, especially for its anti-atherosclerotic effects. We summarize the four principal mechanisms, including blood lipid-lowering, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vascular endothelial protection, thus providing a theoretical basis for further utilization of hawthorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Paolucci M, Coccia E, Imperatore R, Varricchio E. A cross-talk between leptin and 17β-estradiol in vitellogenin synthesis in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss liver. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:331-344. [PMID: 31713703 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The existence of nutritional and energy reserves is fundamental for fish female fertility, so that the existence of a correlation between metabolic reserves and reproductive capacity is suggested. Leptin regulates body weight and energy homeostasis. Estradiol induces the synthesis of vitellogenin, a phospholipoglycoprotein produced by the liver and taken up by the growing oocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible existence of a crosstalk between 17β-estradiol (E2) and leptin in the modulation of E2-induced vtg in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Liver slices were incubated with recombinant trout leptin (rt-lep) at three different concentrations (1-10-100 ng/ml). rt-lep brought about the decrease of E2-induced vtg secretion in the medium and the down-regulation of vtg mRNA expression. Moreover, rt-lep stimulated the lipase activity and diminished the liver fatty acid content. The combined employment of signal transduction inhibitors and the analysis of signal transduction phosphorylated factors revealed that rt-lep effect on E2-induced vtg occurred through the activation of phosphodiesterase, protein kinase C, MAP kinases, and protein kinase A. In conclusion, our study suggests that leptin influences E2-induced vtg synthesis in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss by modifying both the protein and the lipid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Elena Coccia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
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Yin X, Willinger CM, Keefe J, Liu J, Fernández-Ortiz A, Ibáñez B, Peñalvo J, Adourian A, Chen G, Corella D, Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M, Jove M, Courchesne P, van Duijn CM, Fuster V, Ordovás JM, Demirkan A, Larson MG, Levy D. Lipidomic profiling identifies signatures of metabolic risk. EBioMedicine 2019; 51:102520. [PMID: 31877415 PMCID: PMC6938899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), the clustering of metabolic risk factors, is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. We sought to determine if dysregulation of the lipidome may contribute to metabolic risk factors. METHODS We measured 154 circulating lipid species in 658 participants from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and tested for associations with obesity, dysglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Independent external validation was sought in three independent cohorts. Follow-up data from the FHS were used to test for lipid metabolites associated with longitudinal changes in metabolic risk factors. RESULTS Thirty-nine lipids were associated with obesity and eight with dysglycemia in the FHS. Of 32 lipids that were available for replication for obesity and six for dyslipidemia, 28 (88%) replicated for obesity and five (83%) for dysglycemia. Four lipids were associated with longitudinal changes in body mass index and four were associated with changes in fasting blood glucose in the FHS. CONCLUSIONS We identified and replicated several novel lipid biomarkers of key metabolic traits. The lipid moieties identified in this study are involved in biological pathways of metabolic risk and can be explored for prognostic and therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yin
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Department of Mathematics and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christine M Willinger
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joshua Keefe
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, United States; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, United States; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid Spain
| | - José Peñalvo
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - George Chen
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Courchesne
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, United States; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicina at Mount Sinai School, New York, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, United States; Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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50
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Bauer R, Tondl P, Schneider WJ. A differentiation program induced by bone morphogenetic proteins 4 and 7 in endodermal epithelial cells provides the molecular basis for efficient nutrient transport by the chicken yolk sac. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:222-236. [PMID: 31691430 PMCID: PMC7028021 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian yolk sac provides nutrients for the growing fetus during critical early developmental processes such as neural tube closure, which precedes the functional maturation of the placenta. In contrast, oviparous species such as the chicken rely solely on the yolk sac for transfer of nutrients from the yolk to the developing embryo. However, the molecular mechanisms that provide the yolk sac with nutrient transfer competence remain poorly understood. RESULTS We demonstrate that the chicken endodermal epithelial cells (EEC), which are in close contact with the yolk, gain their nutrient-transport competence by a paracrine crosstalk with the blood-vessel forming mesodermal cell layer. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 4 and 7 produced by ectodermal and mesodermal cell layers likely initiate a differentiation program of EECs during the transition from the area vitellina to the area vasculosa. BMPs, by inducing SMAD signaling, promote the up-regulation of endocytic receptor expression and thereby provide the EECs with the molecular machinery to produce triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles. CONCLUSION This paracrine signaling cascade may constitute the basis for the EEC-mediated mechanism underlying the efficient uptake, degradation, resynthesis, and transfer of yolk-derived nutrients into the embryonic circulation, which assures proper energy supply and development of the growing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Bauer
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Tondl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang J Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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