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Feodorova VA, Zaitsev SS, Khizhnyakova MA, Lavrukhin MS, Saltykov YV, Zaberezhny AD, Larionova OS. Complete genome of the Listeria monocytogenes strain AUF, used as a live listeriosis veterinary vaccine. Sci Data 2024; 11:643. [PMID: 38886393 PMCID: PMC11183264 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause listeriosis, a relatively rare food-borne infectious disease that affects farm, domestic, wild animals and humans as well. The infected livestock is the frequent sources of Lm. Vaccination is one of the methods of controlling listeriosis in target farm animals to prevent Lm-associated food contamination. Here we report the complete sequence of the Lm strain AUF attenuated from a fully-virulent Lm strain by ultraviolet irradiation, successfully used since the 1960s as a live whole-cell veterinary vaccine. The de novo assembled genome consists of a circular chromosome of 2,942,932 bp length, including more than 2,800 CDSs, 17 pseudogenes, 5 antibiotic resistance genes, and 56/92 virulence genes. Two wild Lm strains, the EGD and the 10403S that is also used in cancer Immunotherapy, were the closest homologs for the Lm strain AUF. Although all three strains belonged to different sequence types (ST), namely ST12, ST85, and ST1538, they were placed in the same genetic lineage II, CC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Feodorova
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia.
- Department for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Sergey S Zaitsev
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mariya A Khizhnyakova
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
| | - Maxim S Lavrukhin
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
| | - Yury V Saltykov
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey D Zaberezhny
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Larionova
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
- Department for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
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2
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Pracser N, Zaiser A, Ying HMK, Pietzka A, Wagner M, Rychli K. Diverse Listeria monocytogenes in-house clones are present in a dynamic frozen vegetable processing environment. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110479. [PMID: 37977080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is of global concern for food safety as the listeriosis-causing pathogen is widely distributed in the food processing environments, where it can survive for a long time. Frozen vegetables contaminated with L. monocytogenes were recently identified as the source of two large listeriosis outbreaks in the EU and US. So far, only a few studies have investigated the occurrence and behavior of Listeria in frozen vegetables and the associated processing environment. This study investigates the occurrence of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in a frozen vegetable processing environment and in frozen vegetable products. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS), the distribution of sequence types (MLST-STs) and core genome sequence types (cgMLST-CT) of L. monocytogenes were assessed, and in-house clones were identified. Comparative genomic analyses and phenotypical characterization of the different MLST-STs and isolates were performed, including growth ability under low temperatures, as well as survival of freeze-thaw cycles. Listeria were widely disseminated in the processing environment and five in-house clones namely ST451-CT4117, ST20-CT3737, ST8-CT1349, ST8-CT6243, ST224-CT5623 were identified among L. monocytogenes isolates present in environmental swab samples. Subsequently, the identified in-house clones were also detected in product samples. Conveyor belts were a major source of contamination in the processing environment. A wide repertoire of stress resistance markers supported the colonization and survival of L. monocytogenes in the frozen vegetable processing facility. The presence of ArgB was significantly associated with in-house clones. Significant differences were also observed in the growth rate between different MLST-STs at low temperatures (4 °C and 10 °C), but not between in-house and non-in-house isolates. All isolates harbored major virulence genes such as full length InlA and InlB and LIPI-1, yet there were differences between MLST-STs in the genomic content. The results of this study demonstrate that WGS is a strong tool for tracing contamination sources and transmission routes, and for identifying in-house clones. Further research targeting the co-occurring microbiota and the presence of biofilms is needed to fully understand the mechanism of colonization and persistence in a food processing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Pracser
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Andreas Zaiser
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hui Min Katharina Ying
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ariane Pietzka
- Austrian National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Beethovenstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Wagner
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria; Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kathrin Rychli
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Cossart P. Raising a Bacterium to the Rank of a Model System: The Listeria Paradigm. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:1-22. [PMID: 37713460 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
My scientific career has resulted from key decisions and reorientations, sometimes taken rapidly but not always, guided by discussions or collaborations with amazing individuals from whom I learnt a lot scientifically and humanly. I had never anticipated that I would accomplish so much in what appeared as terra incognita when I started to interrogate the mechanisms underlying the virulence of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. All this has been possible thanks to a number of talented team members who ultimately became friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Cossart
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;
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Yao H, Li G, Xiong X, Jin F, Li S, Xie X, Zhong D, Zhang R, Meng F, Yin Y, Jiao X. LygA retention on the surface of Listeria monocytogenes via its interaction with wall teichoic acid modulates bacterial homeostasis and virulence. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011482. [PMID: 37379353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wall teichoic acid (WTA) is the abundant cell wall-associated glycopolymer in Gram-positive bacteria, playing crucial roles in surface proteins retention, bacterial homeostasis, and virulence. Hypervirulent serovar (SV) 4h Listeria monocytogenes is a newly designated serotype with only galactosylated (Gal) type II WTA. Although the surface association of some proteins relies on the WTA glycosylation, the nature and function of the noncovalent interactions between cell wall-associated proteins and WTA are less known. In this study, we found Gal-WTA plays a key role in modulating the novel glycine-tryptophan (GW) domain-containing autolysin protein LygA through direct interactions. An SV 4h strain deficient in WTA galactosylation (XYSNΔgalT) showed a dramatic reduction of LygA on the cell surface, significantly decreasing the autolytic activity, impairing the bacterial colonization in colon and brain. Notably, we demonstrated LygA binds to Gal-WTA with high affinity through the GW domain and that the extent of binding increases with the number of GW domains. Moreover, we confirmed the direct Gal-dependent binding of the GW protein Auto from the type I WTA strain, which has no interaction with l-rhamnosylated WTA, indicating that the complexity of both WTA and GW proteins can affect the coordination patterns. Altogether, our findings suggest that both the glycosylation patterns of WTA and a fixed numbers of GW domains are closely associated with the retention of LygA on the cell surface, which facilitates L. monocytogenes infection by promoting bacteria colonization in intestine and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianglian Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanxin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sirui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Renling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanzeng Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuelan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin'an Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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Myintzaw P, Pennone V, McAuliffe O, Begley M, Callanan M. Association of Virulence, Biofilm, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes with Specific Clonal Complex Types of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1603. [PMID: 37375105 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise classification of foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is a necessity in efficient foodborne disease surveillance, outbreak detection, and source tracking throughout the food chain. In this study, a total of 150 L. monocytogenes isolates from various food products, food processing environments, and clinical sources were investigated for variations in virulence, biofilm formation, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes based on their Whole-Genome Sequences. Clonal complex (CC) determination based on Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) revealed twenty-eight CC-types including eight isolates representing novel CC-types. The eight isolates comprising the novel CC-types share the majority of the known (cold and acid) stress tolerance genes and are all genetic lineage II, serogroup 1/2a-3a. Pan-genome-wide association analysis by Scoary using Fisher's exact test identified eleven genes specifically associated with clinical isolates. Screening for the presence of antimicrobial and virulence genes using the ABRicate tool uncovered variations in the presence of Listeria Pathogenicity Islands (LIPIs) and other known virulence genes. Specifically, the distributions of actA, ecbA, inlF, inlJ, lapB, LIPI-3, and vip genes across isolates were found to be significantly CC-dependent while the presence of ami, inlF, inlJ, and LIPI-3 was associated with clinical isolates specifically. In addition, Roary-derived phylogenetic grouping based on Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes (AMRs) revealed that the thiol transferase (FosX) gene was present in all lineage I isolates, and the presence of the lincomycin resistance ABC-F-type ribosomal protection protein (lmo0919_fam) was also genetic-lineage-dependent. More importantly, the genes found to be specific to CC-type were consistent when a validation analysis was performed with fully assembled, high-quality complete L. monocytogenes genome sequences (n = 247) extracted from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) microbial genomes database. This work highlights the usefulness of MLST-based CC typing using the Whole-Genome Sequence as a tool in classifying isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Myintzaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Pennone
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia McAuliffe
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Máire Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Callanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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6
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Liu D, Bai X, Helmick HDB, Samaddar M, Amalaradjou MAR, Li X, Tenguria S, Gallina NLF, Xu L, Drolia R, Aryal UK, Moreira GMSG, Hust M, Seleem MN, Kokini JL, Ostafe R, Cox A, Bhunia AK. Cell-surface anchoring of Listeria adhesion protein on L. monocytogenes is fastened by internalin B for pathogenesis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112515. [PMID: 37171960 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) is a secreted acetaldehyde alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) that anchors to an unknown molecule on the Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) surface, which is critical for its intestinal epithelium crossing. In the present work, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identify internalin B (InlB) as the primary ligand of LAP (KD ∼ 42 nM). InlB-deleted and naturally InlB-deficient Lm strains show reduced LAP-InlB interaction and LAP-mediated pathology in the murine intestine and brain invasion. InlB-overexpressing non-pathogenic Listeria innocua also displays LAP-InlB interplay. In silico predictions reveal that a pocket region in the C-terminal domain of tetrameric LAP is the binding site for InlB. LAP variants containing mutations in negatively charged (E523S, E621S) amino acids in the C terminus confirm altered binding conformations and weaker affinity for InlB. InlB transforms the housekeeping enzyme, AdhE (LAP), into a moonlighting pathogenic factor by fastening on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Manalee Samaddar
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Xilin Li
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shivendra Tenguria
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas L F Gallina
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luping Xu
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Biological Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Bindley Bioscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gustavo Marçal Schmidt Garcia Moreira
- Technische Universität Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jozef L Kokini
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Raluca Ostafe
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Abigail Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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7
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Deciphering the virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes in the Norwegian meat and salmon processing industry by combining whole genome sequencing and in vitro data. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 383:109962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Lu Q, Zhu X, Long Q, Yi X, Yang A, Long X, Cao D. Comparative Genomics Reveal the Utilization Ability of Variable Carbohydrates as Key Genetic Features of Listeria Pathogens in Their Pathogenic Lifestyles. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121430. [PMID: 36558765 PMCID: PMC9784484 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii, the only two pathogens of Listeria, can survive in various environments, having different pathogenic characteristics. However, the genetic basis of their excellent adaptability and differences in pathogenicity has still not been completely elucidated. METHODS We performed a comparative genomic analysis based on 275 L. monocytogenes, 10 L. ivanovii, and 22 non-pathogenic Listeria strains. RESULTS Core/pan-genome analysis revealed that 975 gene families were conserved in all the studied strains. Additionally, 204, 242, and 756 gene families existed uniquely in L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, and both, respectively. Functional annotation partially verified that these unique gene families were closely related to their adaptability and pathogenicity. Moreover, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of these unique gene sets showed that plenty of carbohydrate transport systems and energy metabolism enzymes were clustered in the networks. Interestingly, ethanolamine-metabolic-process-related proteins were significantly enriched in the PPI network of the unique genes of the Listeria pathogens, which can be understood as a determining factor of their pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS The utilization capacity of multiple carbon sources of Listeria pathogens, especially ethanolamine, is the key genetic basis for their ability to adapt to various environments and pathogenic lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Lu
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Clinical Pathological Diagnosis & Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- Department of Tumor Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Baise 533000, China
| | - Qinqin Long
- Clinical Pathological Diagnosis & Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- Department of Tumor Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xueli Yi
- Center for Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Anni Yang
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xidai Long
- Clinical Pathological Diagnosis & Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- Department of Tumor Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Baise 533000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Demin Cao
- Clinical Pathological Diagnosis & Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- Department of Tumor Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Baise 533000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (D.C.)
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9
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Varsaki A, Ortiz S, Santorum P, López P, López-Alonso V, Hernández M, Abad D, Rodríguez-Grande J, Ocampo-Sosa AA, Martínez-Suárez JV. Prevalence and Population Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Dairy Cattle Farms in the Cantabria Region of Spain. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182477. [PMID: 36139336 PMCID: PMC9495194 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The origin and prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes was studied in dairy cattle farms in order to examine its diversity and determine its possible persistence in manure. The utilization of manure for agricultural purposes is common in many countries. While properly treated and managed manure is an effective and safe fertilizer, foodborne illness outbreaks can occur, as many of the most prominent foodborne pathogens are carried by healthy livestock. It is, therefore, necessary to study the origin and persistence of zoonotic agents in general and of L. monocytogenes in particular, in order to avoid recirculation in farms and reduce risk for human populations. Abstract Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that is widely distributed in the environment. Here we show the prevalence and transmission of L. monocytogenes in dairy farms in the Cantabria region, on the northern coast of Spain. A total of 424 samples was collected from 14 dairy farms (5 organic and 9 conventional) and 211 L. monocytogenes isolates were recovered following conventional microbiological methods. There were no statistically significant differences in antimicrobial resistance ratios between organic and conventional farms. A clonal relationship among the isolates was assessed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and 64 different pulsotypes were obtained. Most isolates (89%, n = 187) were classified as PCR serogroup IVb by using a multiplex PCR assay. In this case, 45 isolates of PCR serogroup IVb were whole genome-sequenced to perform a further analysis at genomic level. In silico MLST analysis showed the presence of 12 sequence types (ST), of which ST1, ST54 and ST666 were the most common. Our data indicate that the environment of cattle farms retains a high incidence of L. monocytogenes, including subtypes involved in human listeriosis reports and outbreaks. This pathogen is shed in the feces and could easily colonize dairy products, as a result of fecal contamination. Effective herd and manure management are needed in order to prevent possible outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Varsaki
- Centro de Investigación y Formación Agrarias (CIFA), 39600 Muriedas, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (J.V.M.-S.)
| | - Sagrario Ortiz
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Santorum
- Centro de Investigación y Formación Agrarias (CIFA), 39600 Muriedas, Spain
| | - Pilar López
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Abad
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Grande
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Alain A. Ocampo-Sosa
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Joaquín V. Martínez-Suárez
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (J.V.M.-S.)
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10
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Pyz-Łukasik R, Paszkiewicz W, Kiełbus M, Ziomek M, Gondek M, Domaradzki P, Michalak K, Pietras-Ożga D. Genetic Diversity and Potential Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Originating from Polish Artisanal Cheeses. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182805. [PMID: 36140933 PMCID: PMC9497517 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artisanal cheeses can be sources of Listeria monocytogenes and cause disease in humans. This bacterial pathogen is a species of diverse genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The aim of the study was to characterize 32 isolates of L. monocytogenes isolated in 2014-2018 from artisanal cheeses. The isolates were characterized using whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The artisanal cheese isolates resolved to four molecular groups: 46.9% of them to IIa (1/2a-3a), 31.2% to IVb (4ab-4b-4d-4e), 12.5% to IIc (1/2c-3c), and 9.4% to IIb (1/2b-3b-7). Two evolutionary lineages emerged: lineage II having 59.4% of the isolates and lineage I having 40.6%. The sequence types (ST) totaled 18: ST6 (15.6% of the isolates), ST2, ST20, ST26, and ST199 (each 9.4%), ST7 and ST9 (each 6.3%), and ST1, ST3, ST8, ST16, ST87, ST91, ST121, ST122, ST195, ST217, and ST580 (each 3.1%). There were 15 detected clonal complexes (CC): CC6 (15.6% of isolates), CC9 (12.5%), CC2, CC20, CC26, and CC199 (each 9.4%), CC7 and CC8 (each 6.3%), and CC1, CC3, CC14, CC87, CC121, CC195, and CC217 (each 3.1%). The isolates were varied in their virulence genes and the differences concerned: inl, actA, LIPI-3, ami, gtcA, aut, vip, and lntA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pyz-Łukasik
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Waldemar Paszkiewicz
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Kiełbus
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Ziomek
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Gondek
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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11
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Shi D, Anwar TM, Pan H, Chai W, Xu S, Yue M. Genomic Determinants of Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance for 60 Global Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Responsible for Invasive Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:718840. [PMID: 34778102 PMCID: PMC8579135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.718840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes remains a significant public health threat, causing invasive listeriosis manifested as septicemia, meningitis, and abortion, with up to 30% of cases having a fatal outcome. Tracking the spread of invasive listeriosis requires an updated knowledge for virulence factors (VFs) and antimicrobial resistance features, which is an essential step toward its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Taking advantage of high-throughput genomic sequencing, we proposed that the differential genes based on the pathogenomic composition could be used to evaluate clinical observations and therapeutic options for listeriosis. Here, we performed the comparative genomic analysis of 60 strains from five continents with a diverse range of sources, representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, comprising lineage I and lineage II and including 13 newly contributed Chinese isolates from clinical cases. These strains were associated with globally distributed clonal groups linked with confirmed foodborne listeriosis outbreak and sporadic cases. We found that L. monocytogenes strains from clonal complex (CC) CC8, CC7, CC9, and CC415 carried most of the adherence and invasive genes. Conversely, CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 have the least number of adherence and invasive genes. Additionally, Listeria pathogenicity island-1 (LIPI-1), LIPI-2, intracellular survival, surface anchoring, and bile salt resistance genes were detected in all isolates. Importantly, LIPI-3 genes were harbored in CC3, CC224, and ST619 of the Chinese isolates and in CC1, CC4, and CC6 of other worldwide isolates. Notably, Chinese isolates belonging to CC14 carried antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) against β-lactams (blaTEM-101, blaTEM-105) and macrolide (ermC-15), whereas CC7 and CC8 isolates harbored ARGs against aminoglycoside (aadA10_2, aadA6_1), which may pose a threat to therapeutic efficacy. Phylogenomic analysis showed that CC8, CC7, and CC5 of Chinese isolates, CC8 (Swiss and Italian isolates), and CC5 and CC7 (Canadian isolates) are closely clustered together and belonged to the same CC. Additionally, CC381 and CC29 of Chinese isolates shared the same genomic pattern as CC26 of Swiss isolate and CC37 of Canadian isolate, respectively, indicating strong phylogenomic relation between these isolates. Collectively, this study highlights considerable clonal diversity with well-recognized virulence and antimicrobial-resistant determinants among Chinese and worldwide isolates that stress to design improved strategies for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Shi
- Division II of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Tanveer Muhammad Anwar
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqin Chai
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sihong Xu
- Division II of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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12
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Virulence Pattern Analysis of Three Listeria monocytogenes Lineage I Epidemic Strains with Distinct Outbreak Histories. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081745. [PMID: 34442824 PMCID: PMC8399138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of the food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes have diverse virulence potential. This study focused on the virulence of three outbreak strains: the CC1 strain PF49 (serovar 4b) from a cheese-associated outbreak in Switzerland, the clinical CC2 strain F80594 (serovar 4b), and strain G6006 (CC3, serovar 1/2a), responsible for a large gastroenteritis outbreak in the USA due to chocolate milk. We analysed the genomes and characterized the virulence in vitro and in vivo. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a high conservation of the major virulence genes. Minor deviations of the gene contents were found in the autolysins Ami, Auto, and IspC. Moreover, different ActA variants were present. Strain PF49 and F80594 showed prolonged survival in the liver of infected mice. Invasion and intracellular proliferation were similar for all strains, but the CC1 and CC2 strains showed increased spreading in intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells compared to strain G6006. Overall, this study revealed long-term survival of serovar 4b strains F80594 and PF49 in the liver of mice. Future work will be needed to determine the genes and molecular mechanism behind the long-term survival of L. monocytogenes strains in organs.
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13
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Guan Y, Cui Y, Qu X, Jing K. Safety and robustness aspects analysis of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LDB-C1 based on the genome analysis and biological tests. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3955-3964. [PMID: 34021387 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) is a microaerophylic anaerobe, which is widely used in the production of yogurt, cheese, and other fermented dairy products. L. bulgaricus and its partner Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures of yogurt in the world for thousands of years. In our previous study, L. bulgaricus LDB-C1 was obtained from traditional fermented milk, and possessed some characteristics like high exopolysaccharide yield and good fermentation performance. The analysis of its CRISPR-Cas system, antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and mobile elements, was performed to reveal the stability of the strain LDB-C1. It was found that LDB-C1 contains a plenty of spacers in the CRISPR region, indicating it might have better performance against the infection of phages and plasmids. Furthermore, the acquired or transmittable antibiotic resistance/virulence factor genes were absent in the tested L. bulgaricus strain LDB-C1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Jing
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
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14
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Raschle S, Stephan R, Stevens MJA, Cernela N, Zurfluh K, Muchaamba F, Nüesch-Inderbinen M. Environmental dissemination of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in flowing surface waters in Switzerland. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9066. [PMID: 33907261 PMCID: PMC8079687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that is widely distributed in the environment. The aquatic environment may represent a potential source for the transmission of L. monocytogenes to animals and the food chain. The present study assessed the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in 191 surface water samples from rivers, streams and inland canals throughout Switzerland. Twenty-five (13%) of the surface water samples contained L. monocytogenes. Whole genome sequence (WGS) data were used to characterize the 25 isolates. The isolates belonged to major lineages I and II, with the majority assigned to either serotype 1/2a (48%), or 4b (44%). The predominant CCs identified were the hypervirulent serotype 4b clones CC1 and CC4, and the serotype CC412; all three have been implicated in listeriosis outbreaks and sporadic cases of human and animal infection worldwide. Two (8%) of the isolates belonged to CC6 which is an emerging hypervirulent clone. All isolates contained intact genes associated with invasion and infection, including inlA/B and prfA. The four CC4 isolates all harbored Listeria pathogenicity island 4 (LIPI-4), which confers hypervirulence. The occurrence of L. monocytogenes in river ecosystems may contribute to the dissemination and introduction of clinically highly relevant strains to the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Raschle
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Cernela
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Zurfluh
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Pizarro-Cerdá J. Pascale Cossart: Listeria monocytogenes, host-pathogen interactions & beyond. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13165. [PMID: 32185896 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Yersinia Research Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Plague Maintenance, Spread and Evolution Institut Pasteur International Unit, Paris, France.,Plague and Other Yersinioses French National Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Yersinia WHO Collaborative Research and Reference Centre, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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16
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Bechtel TD, Gibbons JG. Population Genomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes From Food Reveals Substrate-Specific Genome Variation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:620033. [PMID: 33633707 PMCID: PMC7902062 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.620033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the major causative agent of the foodborne illness listeriosis. Listeriosis presents as flu-like symptoms in healthy individuals, and can be fatal for children, elderly, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. Estimates suggest that L. monocytogenes results in ∼1,600 illnesses and ∼260 deaths annually in the United States. L. monocytogenes can survive and persist in a variety of harsh environments, including conditions encountered in production of fermented dairy products such as cheese. For instance, microbial growth is often limited in soft cheese fermentation because of harsh pH, water content, and salt concentrations. However, L. monocytogenes has caused a number of deadly listeriosis outbreaks through the contamination of cheese. The purpose of this study was to understand if genetically distinct populations of L. monocytogenes are associated with particular foods, including cheese and dairy. To address this goal, we analyzed the population genetic structure of 504 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food with publicly available genome assemblies. We identified 10 genetically distinct populations spanning L. monocytogenes lineages 1, II, and III and serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 4b, and 4c. We observed an overrepresentation of isolates from specific populations with cheese (population 2), fruit/vegetable (population 2), seafood (populations 5, 8 and 9) and meat (population 10). We used the Large Scale Blast Score Ratio pipeline and Roary to identify genes unique to population 1 and population 2 in comparison with all other populations, and screened for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes across all isolates. We identified > 40 genes that were present at high frequency in population 1 and population 2 and absent in most other isolates. Many of these genes encoded for transcription factors, and cell surface anchored proteins. Additionally, we found that the virulence genes aut and ami were entirely or partially deleted in population 2. These results indicate that some L. monocytogenes populations may exhibit associations with particular foods, including cheese, and that gene content may contribute to this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Bechtel
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - John G Gibbons
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.,Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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17
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Making Sense of the Biodiversity and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:811-822. [PMID: 33583696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, an infection that can manifest in humans as bacteremia, meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. Reference strains from this facultative intracellular bacterium have been instrumental in the investigation of basic mechanisms in microbiology, immunology, and cell biology. The integration of bacterial population genomics with environmental, epidemiological, and clinical data allowed the uncovering of new factors involved in the virulence of L. monocytogenes and its adaptation to different environments. This review illustrates how these investigations have led to a better understanding of the bacterium's virulence and the driving forces that shaped it.
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18
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Virulence characterization and comparative genomics of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 155 strains. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:847. [PMID: 33256601 PMCID: PMC7708227 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria (L.) monocytogenes strains show a high diversity regarding stress tolerance and virulence potential. Genome studies have mainly focused on specific sequence types (STs) predominantly associated with either food or human listeriosis. This study focused on the prevalent ST155, showing equal distribution among clinical and food isolates. We evaluated the virulence potential of 20 ST155 strains and performed comparative genomic analysis of 130 ST155 strains isolated from food, food processing environments and human listeriosis cases in different countries and years. RESULTS The in vitro virulence assays using human intestinal epithelial Caco2 and hepatocytic HEPG2 cells showed an impaired virulence phenotype for six of the 20 selected ST155 strains. Genome analysis revealed no distinct clustering of strains from the same source category (food, food processing environment, and clinical isolates). All strains harbored an intact inlA and inlB locus, except four strains, which had an internal deletion in the inlA gene. All strains harbored LIPI-1, but prfA was present in a longer variant in six strains, all showing impaired virulence. The longer PrfA variant resulted in lower expression of inlA, inlB, and prfA, and no expression of hly and actA. Regarding stress-related gene content, SSI-1 was present, whereas qacH was absent in all strains. 34.6% of the strains harbored a plasmid. All but one ST155 plasmids showed high conservation and harbored cadA2, bcrABC, and a triphenylmethane reductase. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to an enhanced understanding of L. monocytogenes ST155 strains, being equally distributed among isolates from humans, food, and food processing environments. The conservation of the present genetic traits and the absence of unique inherent genetic features makes these types of STs especially interesting since they are apparently equally adapted to the conditions in food processing environments, as well as in food as to the human host environment. However, a ST155-specific mutation resulting in a longer PrfA variant impaired the virulence potential of several ST155 strains.
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19
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Sumrall ET, Keller AP, Shen Y, Loessner MJ. Structure and function of Listeria teichoic acids and their implications. Mol Microbiol 2020; 113:627-637. [PMID: 31972870 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Teichoic acids (TAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers in the cell wall of Listeria, an opportunistic Gram-positive pathogen that causes severe foodborne infections. Two different structural classes of Listeria TA exist: the polyribitolphosphate-based wall teichoic acid (WTA) that is covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan, and the polyglycerolphosphate-based lipoteichoic acid (LTA) that is tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane. While TA polymers govern many important physiological processes, the diverse glycosylation patterns of WTA result in a high degree of surface variation across the species and serovars of Listeria, which in turn bestows varying effects on fitness, biofilm formation, bacteriophage susceptibility and virulence. We review the advances made over the past two decades, and our current understanding of the relationship between TA structure and function. We describe the various types of TA that have been structurally determined to date, and discuss the genetic determinants known to be involved in TA glycosylation. We elaborate on surface proteins functionally related to TA decoration, as well as the molecular and analytical tools used to probe TAs. We anticipate that the growing knowledge of the Listeria surface chemistry will also be exploited to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Sumrall
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja P Keller
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Loessner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Schlesier T, Siegmund A, Rescher U, Heilmann C. Characterization of the Atl-mediated staphylococcal internalization mechanism. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151463. [PMID: 33197865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus internalization by non-professional phagocytes is considered a main pathogenicity mechanism leading to chronic infections. The well-established mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus internalization is mediated by fibronectin (Fn)-binding proteins (FnBPs), Fn as a bridging molecule and the host cell α5β1 integrin. We previously identified a novel alternative internalization mechanism in Staphylococcus aureus, which involves the major autolysin Atl and the host cell heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70). Atl-dependent internalization is also employed by the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis, where it might represent the major or even sole internalization mechanism, because of the lack of FnBP-homologous proteins. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the Atl-dependent staphylococcal internalization mechanism. We performed biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) to quantify the adhesive properties of Atl and found multivalent and high affinity interactions of Atl with Fn and Hsc70. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and a flow-cytometric internalization assay in combination with different pharmacological inhibitors suggested an involvement of the α5β1 integrin, Fn and Hsc70 and subsequent signaling events mediated by Src and phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinases in the Atl-dependent staphylococcal uptake by EA.hy 926 cells. Further characterization of the endocytic machinery implicated a role for clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis involving actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and microtubules. In conclusion, Atl ubiquitous among staphylococcal species may substitute for the FnBPs ensuring low-level internalization via a mechanism that seems to share important features with the FnBP-mediated staphylococcal uptake potentially being the prerequisite for the development of therapy-resistant chronic infections by staphylococcal strains that lack FnBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schlesier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anke Siegmund
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Jena, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), D-48149, Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital of Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, D-48149, Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital of Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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21
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Potential Roles and Functions of Listerial Virulence Factors during Brain Entry. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050297. [PMID: 32380697 PMCID: PMC7291126 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it rarely induces disease in humans, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is important due to the frequency of serious pathological conditions—such as sepsis and meningitis—it causes in those few people that do get infected. Virulence factors (VF) of Lm—especially those involved in the passage through multiple cellular barriers of the body, including internalin (Inl) family members and listeriolysin O (LLO)—have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo, but the majority of work was focused on the mechanisms utilized during penetration of the gut and fetoplacental barriers. The role of listerial VF during entry into other organs remain as only partially solved puzzles. Here, we review the current knowledge on the entry of Lm into one of its more significant destinations, the brain, with a specific focus on the role of various VF in cellular adhesion and invasion.
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Su X, Cao G, Zhang J, Pan H, Zhang D, Kuang D, Yang X, Xu X, Shi X, Meng J. Characterization of internalin genes in Listeria monocytogenes from food and humans, and their association with the invasion of Caco-2 cells. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:30. [PMID: 31198443 PMCID: PMC6558679 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internalins are surface proteins that are utilized by Listeria monocytogenes to facilitate its invasion into human intestinal epithelial cells. The expression of a full-length InlA is one of essential virulence factors for L. monocytogenes to cross the intestinal barrier in order to invade epithelial cells. Results In this study, the gene sequences of inlA in 120 L. monocytogenes isolates from food (n = 107) and humans (n = 13) were analyzed. Premature stop codon (PMSC) mutations in inlA were identified in 51 isolates (50 from food and 1 from human). Six mutation types of PMSCs were identified. Among the 51 isolates with PMSCs in inlA, there were 44 serogroup 1/2c, 3c isolates from food, of which seven belonged to serogroups 1/2a, 3a. A total of 153,382 SNPs in 2247 core genes from 42 genomes were identified and used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Serotype 1/2c isolates with inlA PMSC mutations were grouped together. Cell culture studies on 21 isolates showed that the invasion to Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced among isolates with inlA PMSC mutations compared to those without PMSC mutations (P < 0.01). The PMSC mutations in inlA correlated with the inability of the L. monocytogenes isolates to invade Caco-2 cells (Pearson’s coefficient 0.927, P < 0.01). Conclusion Overall, the study has revealed the reduced ability of L. monocytogenes to invade human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro was linked to the presence of PMSC mutations in inlA. Isolates with PMSC mutations shared the same genomic characteristics indicating the genetic basis on the potential virulence of L. monocytogenes invasion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-019-0307-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Su
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Guojie Cao
- 2Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Haijian Pan
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Daofeng Zhang
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Dai Kuang
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- 3Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Xianming Shi
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jianghong Meng
- 2Department of Nutrition & Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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Njage PMK, Henri C, Leekitcharoenphon P, Mistou M, Hendriksen RS, Hald T. Machine Learning Methods as a Tool for Predicting Risk of Illness Applying Next-Generation Sequencing Data. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2019; 39:1397-1413. [PMID: 30462833 PMCID: PMC7379936 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data present an untapped potential to improve microbial risk assessment (MRA) through increased specificity and redefinition of the hazard. Most of the MRA models do not account for differences in survivability and virulence among strains. The potential of machine learning algorithms for predicting the risk/health burden at the population level while inputting large and complex NGS data was explored with Listeria monocytogenes as a case study. Listeria data consisted of a percentage similarity matrix from genome assemblies of 38 and 207 strains of clinical and food origin, respectively. Basic Local Alignment (BLAST) was used to align the assemblies against a database of 136 virulence and stress resistance genes. The outcome variable was frequency of illness, which is the percentage of reported cases associated with each strain. These frequency data were discretized into seven ordinal outcome categories and used for supervised machine learning and model selection from five ensemble algorithms. There was no significant difference in accuracy between the models, and support vector machine with linear kernel was chosen for further inference (accuracy of 89% [95% CI: 68%, 97%]). The virulence genes FAM002725, FAM002728, FAM002729, InlF, InlJ, Inlk, IisY, IisD, IisX, IisH, IisB, lmo2026, and FAM003296 were important predictors of higher frequency of illness. InlF was uniquely truncated in the sequence type 121 strains. Most important risk predictor genes occurred at highest prevalence among strains from ready-to-eat, dairy, and composite foods. We foresee that the findings and approaches described offer the potential for rethinking the current approaches in MRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Murigu Kamau Njage
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial GenomicsNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Clementine Henri
- Université PARIS‐EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'Alimentation, de L'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES)Laboratory for Food SafetyMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial GenomicsNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Michel‐Yves Mistou
- Université PARIS‐EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'Alimentation, de L'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES)Laboratory for Food SafetyMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial GenomicsNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Tine Hald
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial GenomicsNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
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25
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Karthikeyan R, Gayathri P, Gunasekaran P, Jagannadham MV, Rajendhran J. Comprehensive proteomic analysis and pathogenic role of membrane vesicles of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b reveals proteins associated with virulence and their possible interaction with host. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:199-212. [PMID: 30962079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles (MVs) are produced by various Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria and play an important role in virulence. In this study, the membrane vesicles (MVs) of L. monocytogenes were isolated from the culture supernatant. High-resolution electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that L. monocytogenes MVs are spherical with a diameter of 200 to 300 nm in size. Further, comprehensive proteomic analyses of MVs and whole cells of L. monocytogenes were performed using LC/MS/MS. A total of 1355 and 312 proteins were identified in the L. monocytogenes cells and MVs, respectively. We identified that 296 proteins are found in both whole cells, and MV proteome and 16 proteins were identified only in the MVs. Also, we have identified the virulence factors such as listeriolysin O (LLO), internalin B (InlB), autolysin, p60, NLP/P60 family protein, UPF0356 protein, and PLC-A in MVs. Computational prediction of host-MV interactions revealed a total of 1841 possible interactions with the host involving 99 MV proteins and 1513 host proteins. We elucidated the possible pathway that mediates internalization of L. monocytogenes MV to host cells and the subsequent pathogenesis mechanisms. The in vitro infection assays showed that the purified MVs could induce cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Using endocytosis inhibitors, we demonstrated that MVs are internalized via actin-mediated endocytosis. These results suggest that L. monocytogenes MVs can interact with host cell and contribute to the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Karthikeyan
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratapa Gayathri
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | | | | | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abstract
The Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to promote its entry into a diverse range of mammalian host cells by triggering plasma membrane remodeling, leading to bacterial engulfment. Upon cell invasion, L. monocytogenes disrupts its internalization vacuole and translocates to the cytoplasm, where bacterial replication takes place. Subsequently, L. monocytogenes uses an actin-based motility system that allows bacterial cytoplasmic movement and cell-to-cell spread. L. monocytogenes therefore subverts host cell receptors, organelles and the cytoskeleton at different infection steps, manipulating diverse cellular functions that include ion transport, membrane trafficking, post-translational modifications, phosphoinositide production, innate immune responses as well as gene expression and DNA stability.
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27
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Painset A, Björkman JT, Kiil K, Guillier L, Mariet JF, Félix B, Amar C, Rotariu O, Roussel S, Perez-Reche F, Brisse S, Moura A, Lecuit M, Forbes K, Strachan N, Grant K, Møller-Nielsen E, Dallman TJ. LiSEQ - whole-genome sequencing of a cross-sectional survey of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and human clinical cases in Europe. Microb Genom 2019; 5:e000257. [PMID: 30775964 PMCID: PMC6421348 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the LiSEQ (Listeria SEQuencing) project, funded by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) to compare Listeria monocytogenes isolates collected in the European Union from ready-to-eat foods, compartments along the food chain (e.g. food-producing animals, food-processing environments) and humans. In this article, we report the molecular characterization of a selection of this data set employing whole-genome sequencing analysis. We present an overview of the strain diversity observed in different sampled sources, and characterize the isolates based on their virulence and resistance profile. We integrate into our analysis the global L. monocytogenes genome collection described by Moura and colleagues in 2016 to assess the representativeness of the LiSEQ collection in the context of known L. monocytogenes strain diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Painset
- Public Health England Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections at University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonas T. Björkman
- Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Kiil
- Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-François Mariet
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benjamin Félix
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Corinne Amar
- Public Health England Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Ovidiu Rotariu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building. St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Sophie Roussel
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Francisco Perez-Reche
- Institute of Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, SUPA, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ken Forbes
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Norval Strachan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building. St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Kathie Grant
- Public Health England Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections at University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Timothy J. Dallman
- Public Health England Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections at University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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28
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Juan C, Torrens G, Barceló IM, Oliver A. Interplay between Peptidoglycan Biology and Virulence in Gram-Negative Pathogens. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:e00033-18. [PMID: 30209071 PMCID: PMC6298613 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00033-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and epidemiological threat of the growing antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens, particularly for β-lactams, the most frequently used and relevant antibiotics, urges research to find new therapeutic weapons to combat the infections caused by these microorganisms. An essential previous step in the development of these therapeutic solutions is to identify their potential targets in the biology of the pathogen. This is precisely what we sought to do in this review specifically regarding the barely exploited field analyzing the interplay among the biology of the peptidoglycan and related processes, such as β-lactamase regulation and virulence. Hence, here we gather, analyze, and integrate the knowledge derived from published works that provide information on the topic, starting with those dealing with the historically neglected essential role of the Gram-negative peptidoglycan in virulence, including structural, biogenesis, remodeling, and recycling aspects, in addition to proinflammatory and other interactions with the host. We also review the complex link between intrinsic β-lactamase production and peptidoglycan metabolism, as well as the biological costs potentially associated with the expression of horizontally acquired β-lactamases. Finally, we analyze the existing evidence from multiple perspectives to provide useful clues for identifying targets enabling the future development of therapeutic options attacking the peptidoglycan-virulence interconnection as a key weak point of the Gram-negative pathogens to be used, if not to kill the bacteria, to mitigate their capacity to produce severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Juan
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Isabel Maria Barceló
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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29
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Chen G, Wu M, Liu W, Xie M, Zhang W, Fan E, Liu Q. Reactive oxygen species inhibits Listeria monocytogenes invasion into HepG2 epithelial cells. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1501-1507. [PMID: 30258592 PMCID: PMC6145247 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) can colonize human gastrointestinal tract and subsequently cross the intestinal barrier. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by NADPH oxidase. However, the role of ROS in bacterial invasion remains to be less understood. Herein, we investigated the impact of ROS on Lm invasion to HepG2 using NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), as well as the ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Our results showed that inhibiting ROS increased the invasive capability of Lm. Moreover, after Lm infection, inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) in HepG2 were significantly upregulated. However, after inhibiting ROS, the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were downregulated, indicating a failure of host cells to activate the immune mechanism. Taken together, ROS in Lm might be as a signal for host cells to sense Lm invasion and then stimulate cells to activate the immune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐wei Chen
- School of Medical Instrument and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Man Wu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Wu‐kang Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Man‐man Xie
- School of Medical Instrument and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Wei‐sheng Zhang
- Anorectal Department of Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - En‐guo Fan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyZBMZUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
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30
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Carvalho F, Sousa S, Cabanes D. l-Rhamnosylation of wall teichoic acids promotes efficient surface association of Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors InlB and Ami through interaction with GW domains. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3941-3951. [PMID: 29984543 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are important surface glycopolymers involved in various physiological processes occurring in the Gram-positive cell envelope. We previously showed that the decoration of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) WTAs with l-rhamnose conferred resistance against antimicrobial peptides. Here, we show that WTA l-rhamnosylation also contributes to physiological levels of autolysis in Lm through a mechanism that requires efficient association of Ami, a virulence-promoting autolysin belonging to the GW protein family, to the bacterial cell surface. Importantly, WTA l-rhamnosylation also controls the surface association of another GW protein, the invasin internalin B (InlB), that promotes Lm invasion of host cells. Whereas WTA N-acetylglucosaminylation is not a prerequisite for GW protein surface association, lipoteichoic acids appear to also play a role in the surface anchoring of InlB. Strikingly, while the GW domains of Ami, InlB and Auto (another autolysin contributing to cell invasion and virulence) are sufficient to mediate surface association, this is not the case for the GW domains of the remaining six uncharacterized Lm GW proteins. Overall, we reveal WTA l-rhamnosylation as a bacterial surface modification mechanism that contributes to Lm physiology and pathogenesis by controlling the surface association of GW proteins involved in autolysis and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Cwp19 Is a Novel Lytic Transglycosylase Involved in Stationary-Phase Autolysis Resulting in Toxin Release in Clostridium difficile. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00648-18. [PMID: 29895635 PMCID: PMC6016235 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00648-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is the major etiologic agent of antibiotic-associated intestinal disease. Pathogenesis of C. difficile is mainly attributed to the production and secretion of toxins A and B. Unlike most clostridial toxins, toxins A and B have no signal peptide, and they are therefore secreted by unusual mechanisms involving the holin-like TcdE protein and/or autolysis. In this study, we characterized the cell surface protein Cwp19, a newly identified peptidoglycan-degrading enzyme containing a novel catalytic domain. We purified a recombinant His6-tagged Cwp19 protein and showed that it has lytic transglycosylase activity. Moreover, we observed that Cwp19 is involved in cell autolysis and that a C. difficilecwp19 mutant exhibited delayed autolysis in stationary phase compared to the wild type when bacteria were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. Wild-type cell autolysis is correlated to strong alterations of cell wall thickness and integrity and to release of cytoplasmic material. Furthermore, we demonstrated that toxins were released into the extracellular medium as a result of Cwp19-induced autolysis when cells were grown in BHI medium. In contrast, Cwp19 did not induce autolysis or toxin release when cells were grown in tryptone-yeast extract (TY) medium. These data provide evidence for the first time that TcdE and bacteriolysis are coexisting mechanisms for toxin release, with their relative contributions in vitro depending on growth conditions. Thus, Cwp19 is an important surface protein involved in autolysis of vegetative cells of C. difficile that mediates the release of the toxins from the cell cytosol in response to specific environment conditions.IMPORTANCEClostridium difficile-associated disease is mainly known as a health care-associated infection. It represents the most problematic hospital-acquired infection in North America and Europe and exerts significant economic pressure on health care systems. Virulent strains of C. difficile generally produce two toxins that have been identified as the major virulence factors. The mechanism for release of these toxins from bacterial cells is not yet fully understood but is thought to be partly mediated by bacteriolysis. Here we identify a novel peptidoglycan hydrolase in C. difficile, Cwp19, exhibiting lytic transglycosylase activity. We show that Cwp19 contributes to C. difficile cell autolysis in the stationary phase and, consequently, to toxin release, most probably as a response to environmental conditions such as nutritional signals. These data highlight that Cwp19 constitutes a promising target for the development of new preventive and curative strategies.
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32
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Seo IK, Woo EH, Cecioni S, Vocadlo DJ. A divergent synthesis to generate targeted libraries of inhibitors for endo- N-acetylglucosaminidases. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell active inhibitors of glycoside processing enzymes are valuable research tools that help us understand the physiological roles of this diverse class of enzymes. endo-N-Acetylglucosaminidases have gained increased attention for their important roles in both mammals and human pathogens; however, metabolically stable cell active inhibitors of these enzymes are lacking. Here, we describe a divergent synthetic strategy involving elaboration of a thiazoline core scaffold. We illustrate the potential of this approach by using the copper catalysed azide-alkyne click (CuAAC) reaction, in combination with a suitable catalyst to avoid poisoning by the thiazoline moiety, to generate a targeted panel of candidate inhibitors of endo-N-acetylglucosaminidases and chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K. Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Esther H. Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Samy Cecioni
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Nielsen EM, Björkman JT, Kiil K, Grant K, Dallman T, Painset A, Amar C, Roussel S, Guillier L, Félix B, Rotariu O, Perez‐Reche F, Forbes K, Strachan N. Closing gaps for performing a risk assessment on Listeria monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) foods: activity 3, the comparison of isolates from different compartments along the food chain, and from humans using whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Perelman SS, Abrams ME, Eitson JL, Chen D, Jimenez A, Mettlen M, Schoggins JW, Alto NM. Cell-Based Screen Identifies Human Interferon-Stimulated Regulators of Listeria monocytogenes Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006102. [PMID: 28002492 PMCID: PMC5176324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) activated transcriptional response is a critical antiviral defense mechanism, yet its role in bacterial pathogenesis remains less well characterized. Using an intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) as a model bacterial pathogen, we sought to identify the roles of individual interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in context of bacterial infection. Previously, IFN has been implicated in both restricting and promoting Lm growth and immune stimulatory functions in vivo. Here we adapted a gain-of-function flow cytometry based approach to screen a library of more than 350 human ISGs for inhibitors and enhancers of Lm infection. We identify 6 genes, including UNC93B1, MYD88, AQP9, and TRIM14 that potently inhibit Lm infection. These inhibitors act through both transcription-mediated (MYD88) and non-transcriptional mechanisms (TRIM14). Further, we identify and characterize the human high affinity immunoglobulin receptor FcγRIa as an enhancer of Lm internalization. Our results reveal that FcγRIa promotes Lm uptake in the absence of known host Lm internalization receptors (E-cadherin and c-Met) as well as bacterial surface internalins (InlA and InlB). Additionally, FcγRIa-mediated uptake occurs independently of Lm opsonization or canonical FcγRIa signaling. Finally, we established the contribution of FcγRIa to Lm infection in phagocytic cells, thus potentially linking the IFN response to a novel bacterial uptake pathway. Together, these studies provide an experimental and conceptual basis for deciphering the role of IFN in bacterial defense and virulence at single-gene resolution. While the type I interferon response is known to be activated by both viruses and bacteria, it has mostly been characterized in terms of its antiviral properties. Listeria monocytogenes, an opportunistic Gram-positive bacterial pathogen with up to 50% mortality rate and a variety of clinical manifestations, is a potent activator of interferon secretion. In mouse models, interferon has been previously implicated in both restricting and promoting L. monocytogenes infection. Here, we utilized a high-throughput flow-cytometry based approach to screen a library of human interferon I stimulated genes (ISGs) and identified regulators of L. monocytogenes infection. These include inhibitors that act through both transcriptional (MYD88) and transcription-independent (TRIM14) mechanisms. Strikingly, expression of the human high affinity immunoglobulin receptor FcγRIa (CD64) was found to potently enhance L. monocytogenes infection. Both biochemical and cellular studies indicate that FcγRIa increases primary invasion of L. monocytogenes through a previously uncharacterized IgG-independent internalization mechanism. Together, these studies provide an important insight into the complex role of interferon response in bacterial virulence and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya S. Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Eitson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Didi Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - John W. Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JWS); (NMA)
| | - Neal M. Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JWS); (NMA)
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Tiong HK, Muriana PM. RT-qPCR Analysis of 15 Genes Encoding Putative Surface Proteins Involved in Adherence of Listeria monocytogenes. Pathogens 2016; 5:E60. [PMID: 27706070 PMCID: PMC5198160 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes adherence to food-associated abiotic surfaces and the development of biofilms as one of the underlying reasons for the contamination of ready-to-eat products is well known. The over-expression of internalins that improves adherence has been noted in cells growing as attached cells or at elevated incubation temperatures. However, the role of other internalin-independent surface proteins as adhesins has been uncharacterized to date. Using two strains each of weakly- and strongly-adherent L. monocytogenes as platforms for temperature-dependent adherence assays and targeted mRNA analyses, these observations (i.e., sessile- and/or temperature-dependent gene expression) were further investigated. Microplate fluorescence assays of both surface-adherent strains exhibited significant (P < 0.05) adherence at higher incubation temperature (42 °C). Of the 15 genes selected for RT-qPCR, at least ten gene transcripts recovered from cells (weakly-adherent strain CW35, strongly-adherent strain 99-38) subject to various growth conditions were over expressed [planktonic/30 °C (10), sessile/30 °C (12), planktonic/42 °C (10)] compared to their internal control (16SrRNA transcripts). Of four genes overexpressed in all three conditions tested, three and one were implicated as virulence factors and unknown function, respectively. PCR analysis of six unexpressed genes revealed that CW35 possessed an altered genome. The results suggest the presence of other internalin-independent adhesins (induced by growth temperature and/or substratum) and that a group of suspect protein members are worthy of further analysis for their potential role as surface adhesins. Analysis of the molecular basis of adherence properties of isolates of L. monocytogenes from food-associated facilities may help identify sanitation regimens to prevent cell attachment and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces that could play a role in reducing foodborne illness resulting from Listeria biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung King Tiong
- Department of Animal Science, Monroe Street, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Centre, 109 FAPC Building, Monroe Street, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA.
| | - Peter M Muriana
- Department of Animal Science, Monroe Street, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
- Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Centre, 109 FAPC Building, Monroe Street, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055, USA.
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Ha R, Frirdich E, Sychantha D, Biboy J, Taveirne ME, Johnson JG, DiRita VJ, Vollmer W, Clarke AJ, Gaynor EC. Accumulation of Peptidoglycan O-Acetylation Leads to Altered Cell Wall Biochemistry and Negatively Impacts Pathogenesis Factors of Campylobacter jejuni. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22686-22702. [PMID: 27474744 PMCID: PMC5077204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. Despite its prevalence, its mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. Peptidoglycan (PG) is important for helical shape, colonization, and host-pathogen interactions in C. jejuni Therefore, changes in PG greatly impact the physiology of this organism. O-acetylation of peptidoglycan (OAP) is a bacterial phenomenon proposed to be important for proper cell growth, characterized by acetylation of the C6 hydroxyl group of N-acetylmuramic acid in the PG glycan backbone. The OAP gene cluster consists of a PG O-acetyltransferase A (patA) for translocation of acetate into the periplasm, a PG O-acetyltransferase B (patB) for O-acetylation, and an O-acetylpeptidoglycan esterase (ape1) for de-O-acetylation. In this study, reduced OAP in ΔpatA and ΔpatB had minimal impact on C. jejuni growth and fitness under the conditions tested. However, accumulation of OAP in Δape1 resulted in marked differences in PG biochemistry, including O-acetylation, anhydromuropeptide levels, and changes not expected to result directly from Ape1 activity. This suggests that OAP may be a form of substrate level regulation in PG biosynthesis. Ape1 acetylesterase activity was confirmed in vitro using p-nitrophenyl acetate and O-acetylated PG as substrates. In addition, Δape1 exhibited defects in pathogenesis-associated phenotypes, including cell shape, motility, biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and sodium deoxycholate sensitivity. Δape1 was also impaired for chick colonization and adhesion, invasion, intracellular survival, and induction of IL-8 production in INT407 cells in vitro The importance of Ape1 in C. jejuni biology makes it a good candidate as an antimicrobial target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Ha
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emilisa Frirdich
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David Sychantha
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jacob Biboy
- the Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom, and
| | - Michael E Taveirne
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jeremiah G Johnson
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Victor J DiRita
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- the Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom, and
| | - Anthony J Clarke
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erin C Gaynor
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,
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Gelbíčová T, Pantůček R, Karpíšková R. Virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in Listeria monocytogenes
serotype 1/2c isolated from food. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:569-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gelbíčová
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
| | - R. Pantůček
- Department of Experimental Biology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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Upadhyay A, Upadhyaya I, Mooyottu S, Venkitanarayanan K. Eugenol in combination with lactic acid bacteria attenuates Listeria monocytogenes virulence in vitro and in invertebrate model Galleria mellonella. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:443-455. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Indu Upadhyaya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shankumar Mooyottu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Structural and Biochemical Insights into the Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Domain of FlgJ from Salmonella typhimurium. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149204. [PMID: 26871950 PMCID: PMC4752226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FlgJ is a glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzyme belonging to the Carbohydrate Active enZyme (CAZy) family GH73. It facilitates passage of the bacterial flagellum through the peptidoglycan (PG) layer by cleaving the β-1,4 glycosidic bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid sugars that comprise the glycan strands of PG. Here we describe the crystal structure of the GH domain of FlgJ from bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium (StFlgJ). Interestingly, the active site of StFlgJ was blocked by the C-terminal α-helix of a neighbouring symmetry mate and a β-hairpin containing the putative catalytic glutamic acid residue Glu223 was poorly resolved and could not be completely modeled into the electron density, suggesting it is flexible. Previous reports have shown that the GH73 enzyme Auto from Listeria monocytogenes is inhibited by an N-terminal α-helix that may occlude the active site in similar fashion. To investigate if the C-terminus of StFlgJ inhibits GH activity, the glycolytic activity of StFlgJ was assessed with and without the C-terminal α-helix. The GH activity of StFlgJ was unaffected by the presence or absence of the α-helix, suggesting it is not involved in regulating activity. Removal of the C-terminal α-helix did, however, allow a crystal structure of the domain to be obtained where the flexible β-hairpin containing residue Glu223 was entirely resolved. The β-hairpin was positioned such that the active site groove was fully solvent-exposed, placing Glu223 nearly 21.6 Å away from the putative general acid/base residue Glu184, which is too far apart for these two residues to coordinate glycosidic bond hydrolysis. The mobile nature of the StFlgJ β-hairpin is consistent with structural studies of related GH73 enzymes, suggesting that a dynamic active site may be common to many GH73 enzymes, in which the active site opens to capture substrate and then closes to correctly orient active site residues for catalysis.
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40
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Tan MF, Siow CC, Dutta A, Mutha NV, Wee WY, Heydari H, Tan SY, Ang MY, Wong GJ, Choo SW. Development of ListeriaBase and comparative analysis of Listeria monocytogenes. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:755. [PMID: 26444974 PMCID: PMC4595109 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria consists of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Reports of similarities between the genomic content between some pathogenic and non-pathogenic species necessitates the investigation of these species at the genomic level to understand the evolution of virulence-associated genes. With Listeria genome data growing exponentially, comparative genomic analysis may give better insights into evolution, genetics and phylogeny of Listeria spp., leading to better management of the diseases caused by them. Description With this motivation, we have developed ListeriaBase, a web Listeria genomic resource and analysis platform to facilitate comparative analysis of Listeria spp. ListeriaBase currently houses 850,402 protein-coding genes, 18,113 RNAs and 15,576 tRNAs from 285 genome sequences of different Listeria strains. An AJAX-based real time search system implemented in ListeriaBase facilitates searching of this huge genomic data. Our in-house designed comparative analysis tools such as Pairwise Genome Comparison (PGC) tool allowing comparison between two genomes, Pathogenomics Profiling Tool (PathoProT) for comparing the virulence genes, and ListeriaTree for phylogenic classification, were customized and incorporated in ListeriaBase facilitating comparative genomic analysis of Listeria spp. Interestingly, we identified a unique genomic feature in the L. monocytogenes genomes in our analysis. The Auto protein sequences of the serotype 4 and the non-serotype 4 strains of L. monocytogenes possessed unique sequence signatures that can differentiate the two groups. We propose that the aut gene may be a potential gene marker for differentiating the serotype 4 strains from other serotypes of L. monocytogenes. Conclusions ListeriaBase is a useful resource and analysis platform that can facilitate comparative analysis of Listeria for the scientific communities. We have successfully demonstrated some key utilities of ListeriaBase. The knowledge that we obtained in the analyses of L. monocytogenes may be important for functional works of this human pathogen in future. ListeriaBase is currently available at http://listeria.um.edu.my. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1959-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mui Fern Tan
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Cheuk Chuen Siow
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Avirup Dutta
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Naresh Vr Mutha
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Yee Wee
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hamed Heydari
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 1468588-0115, USA.
| | - Shi Yang Tan
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mia Yang Ang
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Guat Jah Wong
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Woh Choo
- Genome Informatics Research Laboratory, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Genome Solutions Sdn Bhd, Suite 8, Innovation Incubator UM, Level 5, Research Management & Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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41
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Rismondo J, Möller L, Aldridge C, Gray J, Vollmer W, Halbedel S. Discrete and overlapping functions of peptidoglycan synthases in growth, cell division and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:332-51. [PMID: 25424554 PMCID: PMC4320753 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Upon ingestion of contaminated food, Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious infections in humans that are normally treated with β-lactam antibiotics. These target Listeria's five high molecular weight penicillin-binding proteins (HMW PBPs), which are required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The two bi-functional class A HMW PBPs PBP A1 and PBP A2 have transglycosylase and transpeptidase domains catalyzing glycan chain polymerization and peptide cross-linking, respectively, whereas the three class B HMW PBPs B1, B2 and B3 are monofunctional transpeptidases. The precise roles of these PBPs in the cell cycle are unknown. Here we show that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-PBP fusions localized either at the septum, the lateral wall or both, suggesting distinct and overlapping functions. Genetic data confirmed this view: PBP A1 and PBP A2 could not be inactivated simultaneously, and a conditional double mutant strain is largely inducer dependent. PBP B1 is required for rod-shape and PBP B2 for cross-wall biosynthesis and viability, whereas PBP B3 is dispensable for growth and cell division. PBP B1 depletion dramatically increased β-lactam susceptibilities and stimulated spontaneous autolysis but had no effect on peptidoglycan cross-linkage. Our in vitro virulence assays indicated that the complete set of all HMW PBPs is required for maximal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine Rismondo
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, Burgstrasse 37, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany
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Gripenland J, Andersson C, Johansson J. Exploring the chicken embryo as a possible model for studying Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:170. [PMID: 25540772 PMCID: PMC4261823 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen capable of causing severe infections in humans, often with fatal outcomes. Many different animal models exist to study L. monocytogenes pathogenicity, and we have investigated the chicken embryo as an infection model: What are the benefits and possible drawbacks? We have compared a defined wild-type strain with its isogenic strains lacking well-characterized virulence factors. Our results show that wild-type L. monocytogenes, already at a relatively low infection dose (~5 × 10(2) cfu), caused death of the chicken embryo within 36 h, in contrast to strains lacking the main transcriptional activator of virulence, PrfA, or the cytolysin LLO. Surprisingly, strains lacking the major adhesins InlA and InlB caused similar mortality as the wild-type strain. In conclusion, our results suggest that the chicken embryo is a practical model to study L. monocytogenes infections, especially when analyzing alternative virulence pathways independent of the InlA and InlB adhesins. However, the route of infection might be different from a human infection. The chicken embryo model and other Listeria infection models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Gripenland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher Andersson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Johansson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
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The adhesive properties of the Staphylococcus lugdunensis multifunctional autolysin AtlL and its role in biofilm formation and internalization. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 305:129-39. [PMID: 25515664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it belongs to the group of coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus lugdunensis has been known to cause aggressive courses of native and prosthetic valve infective endocarditis with high mortality similar to Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to S. aureus, only little is known about the equipment of S. lugdunensis with virulence factors including adhesins and their role in mediating attachment to extracellular matrix and plasma proteins and host cells. In this study, we show that the multifunctional autolysin/adhesin AtlL of S. lugdunensis binds to the extracellular matrix and plasma proteins fibronectin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin as well as to human EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that AtlL also plays an important role in the internalization of S. lugdunensis by eukaryotic cells: The atlL-deficient mutant Mut17 adheres to and becomes internalized by eukaryotic cells to a lesser extent than the isogenic wild-type strain Sl253 and the complemented mutant Mut17 (pCUatlL) shows an increased internalization level in comparison to Mut17. Thus, surface localized AtlL that exhibits a broad binding spectrum also mediates the internalization of S. lugdunensis by eukaryotic cells. We therefore propose an internalization pathway for S. lugdunensis, in which AtlL plays a major role. Investigating the role of AtlL in biofilm formation of S. lugdunensis, Mut17 shows a significantly reduced ability for biofilm formation, which is restored in the complemented mutant. Thus, our data provide evidence for a significant role for AtlL in adherence and internalization processes as well as in biofilm formation of S. lugdunensis.
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Quereda JJ, Pucciarelli MG. Deletion of the membrane protein Lmo0412 increases the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:623-32. [PMID: 25051038 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, meningitis, encephalitis and maternofetal infections. 20-30% of eubacterial ORFs are predicted to encode membrane proteins. The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is a macromolecular structure, which plays a key role for the pathogenesis. Despite this, little knowledge exists regarding the function of cytoplasmic membrane proteins of Listeria during infection. Here, we investigated a predicted membrane protein of the pathogen L. monocytogenes, Lmo0412, of unknown function. Lmo0412 is only present in the Listeria genus and low conserved in the non-pathogenic species L. innocua. Bacterial fractionation and western blot analyses showed that Lmo0412 was only detectable in the membrane of L. monocytogenes EGDe during logarithmic growth phase. lmo0412 expression in L. monocytogenes was down-regulated during in vitro infection of JEG-3 epithelial cells. An L. monocytogenes mutant deficient in this membrane protein showed increased invasion of Caco-2 and NRK-49F host cells using in vitro infection models. Moreover, the lack of Lmo0412 in this deletion mutant increased the viable bacteria counts in the spleen and liver of mice compared to the wild type strain. Taken together, these data suggest a selective advantage conferred by the absence of Lmo0412 for the virulence of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Quereda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Graciela Pucciarelli
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CBMSO-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Bai XH, Chen HJ, Jiang YL, Wen Z, Huang Y, Cheng W, Li Q, Qi L, Zhang JR, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. Structure of pneumococcal peptidoglycan hydrolase LytB reveals insights into the bacterial cell wall remodeling and pathogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23403-16. [PMID: 25002590 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a series of devastating infections in humans. Previous studies have shown that the endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase LytB is critical for pneumococcal cell division and nasal colonization, but the biochemical mechanism of LytB action remains unknown. Here we report the 1.65 Å crystal structure of the catalytic domain (residues Lys-375-Asp-658) of LytB (termed LytBCAT), excluding the choline binding domain. LytBCAT consists of three structurally independent modules: SH3b, WW, and GH73. These modules form a "T-shaped" pocket that accommodates a putative tetrasaccharide-pentapeptide substrate of peptidoglycan. Structural comparison and simulation revealed that the GH73 module of LytB harbors the active site, including the catalytic residue Glu-564. In vitro assays of hydrolytic activity indicated that LytB prefers the peptidoglycan from the lytB-deficient pneumococci, suggesting the existence of a specific substrate of LytB in the immature peptidoglycan. Combined with in vitro cell-dispersing and in vivo cell separation assays, we demonstrated that all three modules are necessary for the optimal activity of LytB. Further functional analysis showed that the full catalytic activity of LytB is required for pneumococcal adhesion to and invasion into human lung epithelial cells. Structure-based alignment indicated that the unique modular organization of LytB is highly conserved in its orthologs from Streptococcus mitis group and Gemella species. These findings provided structural insights into the pneumococcal cell wall remodeling and novel hints for the rational design of therapeutic agents against pneumococcal growth and thereby the related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Bai
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
| | - Hui-Jie Chen
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
| | - Zhensong Wen
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yubin Huang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
| | - Wang Cheng
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
| | - Qiong Li
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
| | - Lei Qi
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
| | - Jing-Ren Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China and
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Carvalho F, Sousa S, Cabanes D. How Listeria monocytogenes organizes its surface for virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:48. [PMID: 24809022 PMCID: PMC4010754 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for the manifestation of human listeriosis, an opportunistic foodborne disease with an associated high mortality rate. The key to the pathogenesis of listeriosis is the capacity of this bacterium to trigger its internalization by non-phagocytic cells and to survive and even replicate within phagocytes. The arsenal of virulence proteins deployed by L. monocytogenes to successfully promote the invasion and infection of host cells has been progressively unveiled over the past decades. A large majority of them is located at the cell envelope, which provides an interface for the establishment of close interactions between these bacterial factors and their host targets. Along the multistep pathways carrying these virulence proteins from the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane to their cell envelope destination, a multiplicity of auxiliary proteins must act on the immature polypeptides to ensure that they not only maturate into fully functional effectors but also are placed or guided to their correct position in the bacterial surface. As the major scaffold for surface proteins, the cell wall and its metabolism are critical elements in listerial virulence. Conversely, the crucial physical support and protection provided by this structure make it an ideal target for the host immune system. Therefore, mechanisms involving fine modifications of cell envelope components are activated by L. monocytogenes to render it less recognizable by the innate immunity sensors or more resistant to the activity of antimicrobial effectors. This review provides a state-of-the-art compilation of the mechanisms used by L. monocytogenes to organize its surface for virulence, with special focus on those proteins that work “behind the frontline”, either supporting virulence effectors or ensuring the survival of the bacterium within its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Carvalho
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Unit of Infection and Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Unit of Infection and Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Unit of Infection and Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
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Mariscotti JF, Quereda JJ, García-Del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG. The Listeria monocytogenes LPXTG surface protein Lmo1413 is an invasin with capacity to bind mucin. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:393-404. [PMID: 24572033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-positive bacterial pathogens use surface proteins covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan to cause disease. Bacteria of the genus Listeria have the largest number of surface proteins of this family. Every Listeria genome sequenced to date contains more than forty genes encoding surface proteins bearing anchoring-domains with an LPXTG motif that is recognized for covalent linkage to the peptidoglycan. About one-third of these proteins are present exclusively in pathogenic Listeria species, with some of them acting as adhesins or invasins that promote bacterial entry into eukaryotic cells. Here, we investigated two LPXTG surface proteins of the pathogen L. monocytogenes, Lmo1413 and Lmo2085, of unknown function and absent in non-pathogenic Listeria species. Lack of these two proteins does not affect bacterial adhesion or invasion of host cells using in vitro infection models. However, expression of Lmo1413 promotes entry of the non-invasive species L. innocua into non-phagocytic host cells, an effect not observed with Lmo2085. Moreover, overproduction of Lmo1413, but not Lmo2085, increases the invasion rate in non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells of an L. monocytogenes mutant deficient in the acting-binding protein ActA. Unexpectedly, production of full-length Lmo1413 and InlA exhibited opposite trends in a high percentage of L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from different sources. The idea of Lmo1413 playing a role as a new auxiliary invasin was also sustained by assays revealing that purified Lmo1413 binds to mucin via its MucBP domains. Taken together, these data indicate that Lmo1413, which we rename LmiA, for Listeria-mucin-binding invasin-A, may promote interaction of bacteria with adhesive host protective components and, in this manner, facilitate bacterial entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Mariscotti
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CBMSO-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Disson O, Lecuit M. In vitro and in vivo models to study human listeriosis: mind the gap. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:971-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Krawczyk-Balska A, Lipiak M. Critical role of a ferritin-like protein in the control of Listeria monocytogenes cell envelope structure and stability under β-lactam pressure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77808. [PMID: 24204978 PMCID: PMC3812014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is susceptible to the β-lactam antibiotics penicillin G and ampicillin, and these are the drugs of choice for the treatment of listerial infections. However, these antibiotics exert only a bacteriostatic effect on this bacterium and consequently, L. monocytogenes is regarded as β-lactam tolerant. It is widely accepted that the phenomenon of bacterial tolerance to β-lactams is due to the lack of adequate autolysin activity, but the mechanisms of L. monocytogenes tolerance to this class of antibiotics are poorly characterized. A ferritin-like protein (Fri) was recently identified as a mediator of β-lactam tolerance in L. monocytogenes, but its function in this process remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to improve our understanding of L. monocytogenes tolerance to β-lactams and to characterize the role of Fri in this phenomenon. A comparative physiological analysis of wild-type L. monocytogenes and a fri deletion mutant provided evidence of a multilevel mechanism controlling autolysin activity in cells grown under β-lactam pressure, which leads to a reduction in the level and/or activity of cell wall-associated autolysins. This is accompanied by increases in the amount of teichoic acids, cell wall thickness and cell envelope integrity of L. monocytogenes grown in the presence of penicillin G, and provides the basis for the innate β-lactam tolerance of this bacterium. Furthermore, this study revealed the inability of the L. monocytogenes Δ fri mutant to deplete autolysins from the cell wall, to adjust the content of teichoic acids and to maintain their D-alanylation at the correct level when treated with penicillin G, thus providing further evidence that Fri is involved in the control of L. monocytogenes cell envelope structure and stability under β-lactam pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Krawczyk-Balska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lipiak
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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