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Negri S, Commisso M, Pandolfini T, Avesani L, Guzzo F. Temperature and solar irradiation effects on secondary metabolism during ripening of field-grown everbearing strawberries. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109081. [PMID: 39222548 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The garden strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is cultivated and consumed worldwide because of the pleasant flavor and health-promoting phytochemicals of its false fruits. Monocrop cultivars produce fully ripe strawberries in about one month post-anthesis throughout the spring, while everbearing cultivars undergo additional strawberry production in autumn. In this work, we evaluated the impact of different season-dependent environmental conditions on the ripening program of an everbearing field-gown strawberry variety from autumn 2015 to spring 2016. We combined ad hoc sampling and environmental data collection with LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics to dissect the effects of cumulative temperature and solar irradiation on fruit quality parameters and secondary metabolism during ripening. Different dynamics in specific sub-groups of metabolites were observed in strawberries experiencing distinct amounts of cumulative temperature and solar irradiation during spring and autumn. The integration of statistical analyses on collected data revealed that solar irradiation mainly affected fruit fresh weight and organic acid levels, whereas temperature had a more selective effect on the accumulation of specific flavonols, anthocyanins, and soluble sugar. These findings are of suitable interest to design further approaches for the study of the complex interactions among environmental conditions and ripening in strawberries grown in a real-world scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 15 Strada Le Grazie, 37134, Verona, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 61 Piazza Marina, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 15 Strada Le Grazie, 37134, Verona, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 61 Piazza Marina, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Pandolfini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 15 Strada Le Grazie, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 15 Strada Le Grazie, 37134, Verona, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 61 Piazza Marina, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 15 Strada Le Grazie, 37134, Verona, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 61 Piazza Marina, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
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Chen L, Yao Y, Cui Y, Li X, An L, Bai Y, Yao X, Wu K. Understanding the molecular regulation of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase in anthocyanin synthesis: insights from purple qingke. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:823. [PMID: 39223495 PMCID: PMC11367858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene(F3'H) is an important structural gene in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway of plants, which has been proven to be involved in the color formation of organs such as leaves, flowers, and fruits in many plants. However, the mechanism and function in barley are still unclear. RESULTS In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the grain color formation of purple qingke, we used the cultivated qingke variety Nierumzha (purple grain) and the selected qingke variety Kunlun 10 (white grain) to conduct transcriptomic sequencing at the early milk, late milk and soft dough stage. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct weighted gene co-expression network related to grain color formation, and three key modules (brown, yellow, and turquoise modules) related to purple grain of qingke were selected. F3'H (HORVU1Hr1G094880) was selected from the hub gene of the module for the yeast library, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), subcellular localization and other studies. It was found that in purple qingke, HvnF3'H mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane and interacted with several stress proteins such as methyltransferase protein and zinc finger protein. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide reference for the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin-related genes in purple grain qingke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Chen
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Yongmei Cui
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Xin Li
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Likun An
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Yixiong Bai
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China.
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Simkova K, Veberic R, Grohar MC, Pelacci M, Smrke T, Ivancic T, Medic A, Cvelbar Weber N, Jakopic J. Changes in the Aroma Profile and Phenolic Compound Contents of Different Strawberry Cultivars during Ripening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1419. [PMID: 38794489 PMCID: PMC11125040 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites, namely, phenolic and volatile organic compounds, contribute to the nutritional and organoleptic quality of the strawberry fruit. This study focuses on the changes in the content of phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds during the ripening, from green to overripe fruit, of five strawberry cultivars ('Asia', 'CIVN 766', 'Aprica', 'Clery', and 'Malwina'). Additionally, these changes are compared with the colour of the fruit and peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Our results show that the accumulation of secondary metabolites (phenolic and volatile organic compounds) significantly changed during the ripening process for all of the studied cultivars. As for phenolic compounds, flavanols and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives comprised between 87 and 95% of the total phenolic compound content in unripe green fruit. In contrast, anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives comprised between 64 and 77% of the total phenolic compound content in overripe fruit, except in the fruit of the cultivar 'CIVN766'. When it comes to the aroma profile, the content of aldehydes decreased by 24-49% as the fruit ripened, and the accumulation of esters increased. Our study also shows that the ripening process differs among cultivars, and it is therefore necessary to define ripening indicators separately for each cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Simkova
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Robert Veberic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Mariana Cecilia Grohar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Massimiliano Pelacci
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Tina Smrke
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Tea Ivancic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Aljaz Medic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Nika Cvelbar Weber
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova Ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Jakopic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (J.J.)
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Bai Y, Zou R, Zhang H, Li J, Wu T. Functional Characterization of CsF3Ha and Its Promoter in Response to Visible Light and Plant Growth Regulators in the Tea Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:196. [PMID: 38256750 PMCID: PMC10820056 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) catalyzes trihydroxyflavanone formation into dihydroflavonols in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, serving as precursors for anthocyanin synthesis. To investigate the CsF3Ha promoter's regulation in the 'Zijuan' tea plant, we cloned the CsF3Ha gene from this plant. It was up-regulated under various visible light conditions (blue, red, and ultraviolet (UV)) and using plant growth regulators (PGRs), including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), salicylic acid (SA), ethephon, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The 1691 bp promoter sequence was cloned. The full-length promoter P1 (1691 bp) and its two deletion derivatives, P2 (890 bp) and P3 (467 bp), were fused with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and were introduced into tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. GUS staining, activity analysis, and relative expression showed that visible light and PGRs responded to promoter fragments. The anthocyanin content analysis revealed a significant increase due to visible light and PGRs. These findings suggest that diverse treatments indirectly enhance anthocyanin accumulation in 'Zijuan' tea plant leaves, establishing a foundation for further research on CsF3Ha promoter activity and its regulatory role in anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.B.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Rui Zou
- Qiannan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Duyun 558000, China;
| | - Hongye Zhang
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.B.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiaying Li
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.B.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Tian Wu
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.B.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
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Feng Y, Tian X, Liang W, Nan X, Zhang A, Li W, Ma Z. Genome-wide identification of grape ANS gene family and expression analysis at different fruit coloration stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:632. [PMID: 38066449 PMCID: PMC10709965 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanin synthase (ANS) is the enzyme downstream of the anthocyanins synthesis pathway and the rate-limiting enzyme of the synthesis pathway. It catalyzes the conversion of colorless anthocyanins to anthocyanins and plays an important role in plant color presentation and stress resistance. However, ANS gene is rarely studied in grapes. RESULTS In this study, 121 VvANS genes were identified and distributed on 18 chromosomes, VvANS family members were divided into 8 subgroups. Secondary structure prediction showed mainly irregular coils and α-helices, and subcellular localization indicated that VvANS gene family is mainly located in chloroplast, cytoplasm and nucleus. The promoter region of the VvANS gene family contains multiple cis-acting elements that are associated with light, abiotic stress, and hormones. Intraspecific collinearity analysis showed that there were 13 pairs of collinearity between VvANS genes. Interspecific collinearity analysis showed that there was more collinearity between grape, apple and Arabidopsis, but less collinearity between grape and rice. Microarray data analysis showed that VvANS17, VvANS23 and VvANS75 had higher expression levels in flesh and peel, while VvANS25, VvANS64 and VvANS106 had higher expression levels in flower. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that VvANS genes were expressed throughout the whole process of fruit coloring, such as VvANS47 and VvANS55 in the green fruit stage, VvANS3, VvANS64 and VvANS90 in the initial fruit color turning stage. The expression levels of VvANS21, VvANS79 and VvANS108 were higher at 50% coloring stage, indicating that these genes play an important role in the fruit coloring process. VvANS4, VvANS66 and VvANS113 had the highest expression levels in the full maturity stage. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that different members of VvANS gene family played a role in different coloring stages, and this study laid a foundation for further research on the function of ANS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Feng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - XinTong Nan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoning Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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Denoyes B, Prohaska A, Petit J, Rothan C. Deciphering the genetic architecture of fruit color in strawberry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6306-6320. [PMID: 37386925 PMCID: PMC10627153 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruits of Fragaria species usually have an appealing bright red color due to the accumulation of anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoid pigments. Octoploid cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a major horticultural crop for which fruit color and associated nutritional value are main breeding targets. Great diversity in fruit color intensity and pattern is observed not only in cultivated strawberry but also in wild relatives such as its octoploid progenitor F. chiloensis or the diploid woodland strawberry F. vesca, a model for fruit species in the Rosaceae. This review examines our understanding of fruit color formation in strawberry and how ongoing developments will advance it. Natural variations of fruit color as well as color changes during fruit development or in response to several cues have been used to explore the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and its regulation. So far, the successful identification of causal genetic variants has been largely driven by the availability of high-throughput genotyping tools and high-quality reference genomes of F. vesca and F. × ananassa. The current completion of haplotype-resolved genomes of F. × ananassa combined with QTL mapping will accelerate the exploitation of the untapped genetic diversity of fruit color and help translate the findings into strawberry improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Denoyes
- INRAE and Univ. of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Alexandre Prohaska
- INRAE and Univ. of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INVENIO, MIN de Brienne, Bordeaux, France
| | - Johann Petit
- INRAE and Univ. of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- INRAE and Univ. of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Liu Z, Liang T, Kang C. Molecular bases of strawberry fruit quality traits: Advances, challenges, and opportunities. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:900-914. [PMID: 37399254 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry is one of the world's most popular fruits, providing humans with vitamins, fibers, and antioxidants. Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an allo-octoploid and highly heterozygous, making it a challenge for breeding, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, and gene discovery. Some wild strawberry relatives, such as Fragaria vesca, have diploid genomes and are becoming laboratory models for the cultivated strawberry. Recent advances in genome sequencing and CRISPR-mediated genome editing have greatly improved the understanding of various aspects of strawberry growth and development in both cultivated and wild strawberries. This review focuses on fruit quality traits that are most relevant to the consumers, including fruit aroma, sweetness, color, firmness, and shape. Recently available phased-haplotype genomes, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, extensive fruit transcriptomes, and other big data have made it possible to locate key genomic regions or pinpoint specific genes that underlie volatile synthesis, anthocyanin accumulation for fruit color, and sweetness intensity or perception. These new advances will greatly facilitate marker-assisted breeding, the introgression of missing genes into modern varieties, and precise genome editing of selected genes and pathways. Strawberries are poised to benefit from these recent advances, providing consumers with fruit that is tastier, longer-lasting, healthier, and more beautiful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tong Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Wang F, Chen J, Tang R, Wang R, Ahmad S, Liu Z, Peng D. Research Progress on Anthocyanin-Mediated Regulation of 'Black' Phenotypes of Plant Organs. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7242-7256. [PMID: 37754242 PMCID: PMC10527681 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The color pattern is one of the most important characteristics of plants. Black stands out among the vibrant colors due to its rare and distinctive nature. While some plant organs appear black, they are, in fact, dark purple. Anthocyanins are the key compounds responsible for the diverse hues in plant organs. Cyanidin plays an important role in the deposition of black pigments in various plant organs, such as flower, leaf, and fruit. A number of structural genes and transcription factors are involved in the metabolism of anthocyanins in black organs. It has been shown that the high expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factors, such as PeMYB7, PeMYB11, and CsMYB90, regulates black pigmentation in plants. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the anthocyanin pathways that are involved in the regulation of black pigments in plant organs, including flower, leaf, and fruit. It is a great starting point for further investigation into the molecular regulation mechanism of plant color and the development of novel cultivars with black plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.W.); (J.C.); (R.T.); (R.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (F.W.); (J.C.); (R.T.); (R.W.); (S.A.)
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Nistor M, Pop R, Daescu A, Pintea A, Socaciu C, Rugina D. Anthocyanins as Key Phytochemicals Acting for the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: An Overview. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134254. [PMID: 35807504 PMCID: PMC9268666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in fruits and vegetables, which render them an extensive range of colors. They have a wide distribution in the human diet, are innocuous, and, based on numerous studies, have supposed preventive and therapeutical benefits against chronic affections such as inflammatory, neurological, cardiovascular, digestive disorders, diabetes, and cancer, mostly due to their antioxidant action. Despite their great potential as pharmaceutical applications, they have a rather limited use because of their rather low stability to environmental variations. Their absorption was noticed to occur best in the stomach and small intestine, but the pH fluctuation of the digestive system impacts their rapid degradation. Urine excretion and tissue distribution also occur at low rates. The aim of this review is to highlight the chemical characteristics of anthocyanins and emphasize their weaknesses regarding bioavailability. It also targets to deliver an update on the recent advances in the involvement of anthocyanins in different pathologies with a focus on in vivo, in vitro, animal, and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Nistor
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Roxana Pop
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Adela Daescu
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Adela Pintea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Agricultural Egineering Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (R.P.); (A.D.); (C.S.)
| | - Dumitrita Rugina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Koirala M, Karimzadegan V, Liyanage NS, Mérindol N, Desgagné-Penix I. Biotechnological Approaches to Optimize the Production of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. Biomolecules 2022; 12:893. [PMID: 35883449 PMCID: PMC9313318 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs) are plant specialized metabolites with therapeutic properties exclusively produced by the Amaryllidaceae plant family. The two most studied representatives of the family are galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as a treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and lycorine, displaying potent in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic and antiviral properties. Unfortunately, the variable level of AAs' production in planta restricts most of the pharmaceutical applications. Several biotechnological alternatives, such as in vitro culture or synthetic biology, are being developed to enhance the production and fulfil the increasing demand for these AAs plant-derived drugs. In this review, current biotechnological approaches to produce different types of bioactive AAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Koirala
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (M.K.); (V.K.); (N.S.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Vahid Karimzadegan
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (M.K.); (V.K.); (N.S.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Nuwan Sameera Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (M.K.); (V.K.); (N.S.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Natacha Mérindol
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (M.K.); (V.K.); (N.S.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; (M.K.); (V.K.); (N.S.L.); (N.M.)
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
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11
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Yu J, Qiu K, Sun W, Yang T, Wu T, Song T, Zhang J, Yao Y, Tian J. A long noncoding RNA functions in high-light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple by activating ethylene synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:66-83. [PMID: 35148400 PMCID: PMC9070812 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin production in apple (Malus domestica) fruit and their consequent coloration can be induced by high-light treatment. The hormone ethylene is also essential for this coloration, but the regulatory relationships that link ethylene and light with anthocyanin-associated coloration are not well defined. In this study, we observed that high-light treatment of apple fruit increased anthocyanin accumulation more than moderate-light treatment did and was the main contributor of induced ethylene production and activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. A transcriptome study of light-treated apple fruit suggested that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), MdLNC610, the corresponding gene of which is physically located downstream from the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ACO) ethylene biosynthesis gene MdACO1, likely affects anthocyanin biosynthesis under high-light treatment. Expression and promoter β-glucuronidase reporter analyses further showed that MdLNC610 upregulates expression of MdACO1 and so likely participates in high-light-induced ethylene biosynthesis. Overexpression of MdACO1 and MdLNC610 in apple fruit and calli indicated that a major increase in MdLNC610 expression activates MdACO1 expression, thereby causing an increase in ethylene production and anthocyanin levels. These results suggest that MdLNC610 participates in the regulation of high-light-induced anthocyanin production by functioning as a positive regulator to promote MdACO1 expression and ethylene biosynthesis. Our study provides insights into the relationship between mRNA and lncRNA networks in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tuo Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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12
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Mora J, Pott DM, Osorio S, Vallarino JG. Regulation of Plant Tannin Synthesis in Crop Species. Front Genet 2022; 13:870976. [PMID: 35586570 PMCID: PMC9108539 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.870976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant tannins belong to the antioxidant compound family, which includes chemicals responsible for protecting biological structures from the harmful effects of oxidative stress. A wide range of plants and crops are rich in antioxidant compounds, offering resistance to biotic, mainly against pathogens and herbivores, and abiotic stresses, such as light and wound stresses. These compounds are also related to human health benefits, offering protective effects against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in addition to providing anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial characteristics. Most of these compounds are structurally and biosynthetically related, being synthesized through the shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathways, offering several classes of plant antioxidants: flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. Tannins are divided into two major classes: condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins. Hydrolysable tannin synthesis branches directly from the shikimate pathway, while condensed tannins are derived from the flavonoid pathway, one of the branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Both types of tannins have been proposed as important molecules for taste perception of many fruits and beverages, especially wine, besides their well-known roles in plant defense and human health. Regulation at the gene level, biosynthesis and degradation have been extensively studied in condensed tannins in crops like grapevine (Vitis vinifera), persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and several berry species due to their high tannin content and their importance in the food and beverage industry. On the other hand, much less information is available regarding hydrolysable tannins, although some key aspects of their biosynthesis and regulation have been recently discovered. Here, we review recent findings about tannin metabolism, information that could be of high importance for crop breeding programs to obtain varieties with enhanced nutritional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José G. Vallarino
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga- (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
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13
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Li M, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wang H, Xue Z, Fan Y, Sun P, Zhang H, Zhang X, Jin W. Rosa1, a Transposable Element-Like Insertion, Produces Red Petal Coloration in Rose Through Altering RcMYB114 Transcription. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:857684. [PMID: 35574133 PMCID: PMC9100400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rose (Rosa sp.) flowers have a rich diversity of colors resulting from the differential accumulation of anthocyanins, flavonols, and carotenoids. However, the genetic and molecular determinants of the red-petal trait in roses remains poorly understood. Here we report that a transposable element-like insertion (Rosa1) into RcMYB114, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor's promoter region causes its transcription, resulting in red petals. In red-petal varieties, RcMYB114 is expressed specifically in flower organs, but is absent from non-red varieties. Sequencing, yeast two-hybrid, transient transformation, and promoter activity assays of RcMYB114 independently confirmed the role of Rosa1 in altering RcMYB114's transcription and downstream effects on flower color. Genetic and molecular evidence confirmed that the Rosa1 transposable element-like insertion, which is a previously unknown DNA transposable element, is different from those in other plants and is a reliable molecular marker to screen red-petal roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofu Li
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youwei Fan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhu Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
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14
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Mahoney JD, Wang S, Iorio LA, Wegrzyn JL, Dorris M, Martin D, Bolling BW, Brand MH, Wang H. De novo assembly of a fruit transcriptome set identifies AmMYB10 as a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aronia melanocarpa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35337270 PMCID: PMC8951710 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aronia is a group of deciduous fruiting shrubs, of the Rosaceae family, native to eastern North America. Interest in Aronia has increased because of the high levels of dietary antioxidants in Aronia fruits. Using Illumina RNA-seq transcriptome analysis, this study investigates the molecular mechanisms of polyphenol biosynthesis during Aronia fruit development. Six A. melanocarpa (diploid) accessions were collected at four fruit developmental stages. De novo assembly was performed with 341 million clean reads from 24 samples and assembled into 90,008 transcripts with an average length of 801 bp. The transcriptome had 96.1% complete according to Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCOs). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in flavonoid biosynthetic and metabolic processes, pigment biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and polysaccharide metabolic processes based on significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological terms. The expression of ten anthocyanin biosynthetic genes showed significant up-regulation during fruit development according to the transcriptomic data, which was further confirmed using qRT-PCR expression analyses. Additionally, transcription factor genes were identified among the DEGs. Using a transient expression assay, we confirmed that AmMYB10 induces anthocyanin biosynthesis. The de novo transcriptome data provides a valuable resource for the understanding the molecular mechanisms of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aronia and species of the Rosaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Mahoney
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Liam A Iorio
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Matthew Dorris
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Derek Martin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mark H Brand
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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15
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Wan C, Gao L, Wang J, Lei X, Wu Y, Gao J. Proteomics characterization nitrogen fertilizer promotes the starch synthesis and metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis in common buckwheat. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:342-349. [PMID: 34599992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) affects common buckwheat quality by affecting starch and amino acids (AAs) content, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. We selected two common buckwheat varieties with high and low starch content, and designed two treatments with 180 and 0 kg N/ha. Application of high-N led to significant increases in starch, amylose and amylopectin content. Of 1337 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) induced by high-N conditions. 472DEPs were significantly upregulated and 176DEPs downregulated for Xinong9976. 239DEPs were significantly upregulated and 126DEPs downregulated for Beizaosheng. The six alpha-glucan phosphorylases, three alpha-amylases, one granule-bound starch synthase 1 and one sucrose synthase exhibited higher expression at the 180 kg N/ha than at the 0 kg N/ha. In addition, high-N application promoted arginine, leucine, isoleucine and valine biosynthesis. This study revealed the effect of N on the starch and AA content of common buckwheat and its mechanism. The crucial proteins identified may develop the quality of common buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wan
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Licheng Gao
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xinhui Lei
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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16
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Yan Y, Pico J, Sun B, Pratap-Singh A, Gerbrandt E, Diego Castellarin S. Phenolic profiles and their responses to pre- and post-harvest factors in small fruits: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-28. [PMID: 34766521 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1990849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of small fruits has increased in recent years. Besides their appealing flavor, the commercial success of small fruits has been partially attributed to their high contents of phenolic compounds with multiple health benefits. The phenolic profiles and contents in small fruits vary based on the genetic background, climate, growing conditions, and post-harvest handling techniques. In this review, we critically compare the profiles and contents of phenolics such as anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids that have been reported in bilberries, blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, black and red currants, raspberries, and strawberries during fruit development and post-harvest storage. This review offers researchers and breeders a general guideline for the improvement of phenolic composition in small fruits while considering the critical factors that affect berry phenolics from cultivation to harvest and to final consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yan
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joana Pico
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bohan Sun
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Gerbrandt
- British Columbia Blueberry Council, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Ponce C, Kuhn N, Arellano M, Time A, Multari S, Martens S, Carrera E, Sagredo B, Donoso JM, Meisel LA. Differential Phenolic Compounds and Hormone Accumulation Patterns between Early- and Mid-Maturing Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium L.) Cultivars during Fruit Development and Ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8850-8860. [PMID: 34339217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Color acquisition is one of the most distinctive features of fruit development and ripening processes. The color red is closely related to the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins, during sweet cherry fruit maturity. In non-climacteric fruit species like sweet cherry, the maturity process is mainly controlled by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), though other hormones may also play a role. However, the coordinated stage-specific production of polyphenolic compounds and their relation with hormone content variations have not been studied in depth in sweet cherry fruits. To further understand the accumulation dynamics of these compounds (hormones and metabolites) during fruit development, two sweet cherry cultivars ("Lapins" and "Glenred") with contrasting maturity timing phenotypes were analyzed using targeted metabolic analysis. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) approach revealed that phenolic acids, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols accumulated mainly until the straw-yellow stage in the early-maturing cultivar, while accumulation was mainly at the green stage in the mid-maturing cultivar, suggesting a cultivar-dependent stage-specific production of secondary metabolites. In the mid-maturing cultivar, anthocyanins were detected only from the red stage onward, whereas detection began at the pink stage in the early-maturing cultivar. ABA negatively correlated (p-value < 0.05) with the flavonols and flavan-3-ols in both cultivars. ABA and anthocyanin content increased at the same time in the early-season cultivar. In contrast, anthocyanins accumulated and the pink color initiation started several days after the ABA increase in the mid-maturing cultivar. Differential accumulation patterns of GA4, a ripening antagonizing hormone, between the cultivars could explain this difference. These results showed that both red-colored cultivars presented different accumulation dynamics of phenolic compounds and plant hormones during fruit development, suggesting underlying differences in the sweet cherry fruit color evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ponce
- Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, 820808 Macul, Chile
| | - Nathalie Kuhn
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340025 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Macarena Arellano
- Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, 820808 Macul, Chile
| | - Alson Time
- Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, 820808 Macul, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur, Universidad de Chile, 1004 La Pintana, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional INIA Rayentué, 2940000 Rengo, Chile
| | - Salvatore Multari
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CPI, Edificio 8E, lab. 2.06, C/Ing. Fausto Elio s/n., 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Boris Sagredo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional INIA Rayentué, 2940000 Rengo, Chile
| | - José Manuel Donoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional INIA Rayentué, 2940000 Rengo, Chile
| | - Lee A Meisel
- Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, 820808 Macul, Chile
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18
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Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081229. [PMID: 34439477 PMCID: PMC8389005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
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19
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Durán-Soria S, Pott DM, Will F, Mesa-Marín J, Lewandowski M, Celejewska K, Masny A, Żurawicz E, Jennings N, Sønsteby A, Krüger E, Osorio S. Exploring Genotype-by-Environment Interactions of Chemical Composition of Raspberry by Using a Metabolomics Approach. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080490. [PMID: 34436431 PMCID: PMC8398420 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting the consumption of fruits is a key objective of nutrition policy campaigns due to their associated health benefits. Raspberries are well appreciated for their remarkable flavor and nutritional value attributable to their antioxidant properties. Consequently, one of the objectives of present-day raspberry breeding programs is to improve the fruit’s sensory and nutritive characteristics. However, developing new genotypes with enhanced quality traits is a complex task due to the intricate impacts genetic and environmental factors have on these attributes, and the difficulty to phenotype them. We used a multi-platform metabolomic approach to compare flavor- and nutritional-related metabolite profiles of four raspberry cultivars (‘Glen Ample’, ‘Schönemann’, ‘Tulameen’ and ‘Veten’) grown in different European climates. Although the cultivars appear to be better adapted to high latitudes, for their content in soluble solids and acidity, multivariate statistical analyses allowed us to underscore important genotypic differences based on the profiles of important metabolites. ‘Schönemann’ and ‘Veten’ were characterized by high levels of anthocyanins and ellagitannins, respectively, ‘Tulameen’ by its acidity, and ‘Glen Ample’ for its content of sucrose and β-ionone, two main flavor contributors. Our results confirmed the value of metabolomic-driven approaches, which may foster the development of cultivars with enhanced health properties and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Durán-Soria
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Delphine M. Pott
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Frank Will
- Institute of Beverage Research, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Karolina Celejewska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Masny
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Edward Żurawicz
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Nikki Jennings
- Department of Genetics, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Anita Sønsteby
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431 Ås, Norway;
| | - Erika Krüger
- Institute of Pomology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-132-394
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Traore KF, Kone KY, Ahi AP, Soro D, Assidjo NE, Fauconnier ML, Sindic M. Phenolic compounds characterisation and antioxidant activity of black plum (Vitex doniana) fruit pulp and peel from Côte d’Ivoire. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Characteristics of Fragaria vesca Yield Parameters and Anthocyanin Accumulation under Water Deficit Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030557. [PMID: 33809648 PMCID: PMC8001689 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plants exposed to drought stress conditions often increase the synthesis of anthocyanins—natural plant pigments and antioxidants. However, water deficit (WD) often causes significant yield loss. The aim of our study was to evaluate the productivity as well as the anthocyanin content and composition of berries from cultivated Fragaria vesca “Rojan” and hybrid No. 17 plants (seedlings) grown under WD. The plants were grown in an unheated greenhouse and fully irrigated (control) or irrigated at 50% and 25%. The number of berries per plant and the berry weight were evaluated every 4 days. The anthocyanin content and composition of berries were evaluated with the same periodicity using HPLC. The effect of WD on the yield parameters of two evaluated F. vesca genotypes differed depending on the harvest time. The cumulative yield of plants under WD was not less than that of the control plants for 20–24 days after the start of the experiment. Additionally, berries accumulated 36–56% (1.5–2.3 times, depending on the harvest time) more anthocyanins compared with fully irrigated plants. Our data show that slight or moderate WD at a stable air temperature of about 20 °C positively affected the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and the yield of F. vesca berries.
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Influence of Post-Flowering Climate Conditions on Anthocyanin Profile of Strawberry Cultivars Grown from North to South Europe. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cultivar and environmental variations and their interaction on anthocyanin components of strawberry were assessed for six cultivars grown in five locations from North to South of Europe in two different years. To evaluate the impact of latitude- and altitude-related factors, daily mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature and global radiation accumulated for 3, 5, 10 and 15 days before fruit sampling, was analyzed. In general, fruits grown in the south were more enriched in total anthocyanin and pelargonidin-3-glucoside (pel-3-glc), the most abundant anthocyanin in strawberry. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided a separation of the growing locations within a cultivar due to latitudinal climatic differences, temporary weather changes before fruit collection and cultivation technique. PCA also depicted different patterns for anthocyanin distribution indicating a cultivar specific reaction on the environmental factors. The linear regression analysis showed that pel-3-glc was relatively less affected by these factors, while the minor anthocyanins cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-(6-O-malonoyl)-glucoside were sensitive to Tmax. The global radiation strongly increased cya-3-mal-glc in ‘Frida’ and pel-3-rut in ‘Frida’ and ‘Florence’. ‘Candonga’ accumulated less pel-3-glc and total anthocyanin with increased global radiation. The anthocyanin profiles of ‘Gariguette’ and ‘Clery’ were unaffected by environmental conditions.
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Zhao F, Song P, Zhang X, Li G, Hu P, Aslam A, Zhao X, Zhou H. Identification of candidate genes influencing anthocyanin biosynthesis during the development and ripening of red and white strawberry fruits via comparative transcriptome analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10739. [PMID: 33604178 PMCID: PMC7863778 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberries are one of the most economically important berry fruits worldwide and exhibit colours ranging from white to dark red, providing a rich genetic resource for strawberry quality improvement. In the present study, we conducted transcriptome analyses of three strawberry cultivars, namely, 'Benihoppe', 'Xiaobai', and 'Snow White', and compared their gene expression profiles. Among the high-quality sequences, 5,049 and 53,200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained when comparing the diploid and octoploid strawberry genomes and analysed to identify anthocyanin-related candidate genes. Sixty-five DEGs in the diploid genome (transcriptome data compared to the diploid strawberry genome) and 317 DEGs in the octoploid genome (transcriptome data compared to the octoploid strawberry genome) were identified among the three cultivars. Among these DEGs, 19 and 70 anthocyanin pathway genes, six and 42 sugar pathway genes, 23 and 101 hormone pathway genes, and 17 and 104 transcription factors in the diploid and octoploid genomes, respectively, correlated positively or negatively with the anthocyanin accumulation observed among the three cultivars. Real-time qPCR analysis of nine candidate genes showed a good correlation with the transcriptome data. For example, the expression of PAL was higher in 'Benihoppe' and 'Xiaobai' than in 'Snow White', consistent with the RNA-seq data. Thus, the RNA-seq data and candidate DEGs identified in the present study provide a sound basis for further studies of strawberry fruit colour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Song
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangfen Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ali Aslam
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Houcheng Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Berni R, Charton S, Planchon S, Legay S, Romi M, Cantini C, Cai G, Hausman JF, Renaut J, Guerriero G. Molecular investigation of Tuscan sweet cherries sampled over three years: gene expression analysis coupled to metabolomics and proteomics. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:12. [PMID: 33384418 PMCID: PMC7775447 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a stone fruit widely consumed and appreciated for its organoleptic properties, as well as its nutraceutical potential. We here investigated the characteristics of six non-commercial Tuscan varieties of sweet cherry maintained at the Regional Germplasm Bank of the CNR-IBE in Follonica (Italy) and sampled ca. 60 days post-anthesis over three consecutive years (2016-2017-2018). We adopted an approach merging genotyping and targeted gene expression profiling with metabolomics. To complement the data, a study of the soluble proteomes was also performed on two varieties showing the highest content of flavonoids. Metabolomics identified the presence of flavanols and proanthocyanidins in highest abundance in the varieties Morellona and Crognola, while gene expression revealed that some differences were present in genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway during the 3 years and among the varieties. Finally, proteomics on Morellona and Crognola showed variations in proteins involved in stress response, primary metabolism and cell wall expansion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-pronged study focused on Tuscan sweet cherry varieties providing insights into the differential abundance of genes, proteins and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sophie Charton
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Planchon
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE CNR), Dipartimento di Scienze BioAgroAlimentari, via Aurelia 49, 58022, Follonica, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, L-4940, Hautcharage, Luxembourg.
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25
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Warner R, Wu BS, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. A Review of Strawberry Photobiology and Fruit Flavonoids in Controlled Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:611893. [PMID: 33633764 PMCID: PMC7902047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.611893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid technology development in controlled environment (CE) plant production has been applied to a large variety of plants. In recent years, strawberries have become a popular fruit for CE production because of their high economic and nutritional values. With the widespread use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology in the produce industry, growers can manipulate strawberry growth and development by providing specific light spectra. Manipulating light intensity and spectral composition can modify strawberry secondary metabolism and highly impact fruit quality and antioxidant properties. While the impact of visible light on secondary metabolite profiles for other greenhouse crops is well documented, more insight into the impact of different light spectra, from UV radiation to the visible light spectrum, on strawberry plants is required. This will allow growers to maximize yield and rapidly adapt to consumer preferences. In this review, a compilation of studies investigating the effect of light properties on strawberry fruit flavonoids is provided, and a comparative analysis of how light spectra influences strawberry's photobiology and secondary metabolism is presented. The effects of pre-harvest and post-harvest light treatments with UV radiation and visible light are considered. Future studies and implications for LED lighting configurations in strawberry fruit production for researchers and growers are discussed.
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26
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Zhou W, Liang X, Li K, Dai P, Li J, Liang B, Sun C, Lin X. Metabolomics analysis reveals potential mechanisms of phenolic accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) induced by low nitrogen supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:446-453. [PMID: 33250325 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The roles of nitrogen availability in determining the phenolic accumulation of vegetables have been widely studied, but the underlying mechanism involved remains unknown. Thus, primary and secondary metabolites profiling of lettuce leaves were performed using non-targeted metabolomics analysis. The results showed that carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and phenolic biosynthesis metabolism in lettuce were significantly affected by low nitrogen supply (LN). The phenolic content was significantly increased in LN-treated lettuce, indicating that the activated phenolic biosynthesis was triggered by the LN treatment. The reduced citrate cycle and enhanced glucose and sucrose content suggested there is a relative excess of carbon resources in LN-treated lettuce. In addition, the decreased nitrogen-rich amino acids (glutamine and aspartate acid) and the maintained phenylalanine content indicated the redirection of nitrogen resources to phenylalanine biosynthesis. Meanwhile, no significant changes of chlorophyll content were observed in LN-treated lettuce leaves. The LN-treated lettuce showed lower glutamine synthetase activity but higher glutamate synthase activity compared to control. These findings together suggest that LN treatment may increase the phenolic accumulation in lettuce by effectively redirecting more carbon and nitrogen resources to the phenolic biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kejie Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peibin Dai
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Junliang Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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27
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Fecka I, Nowicka A, Kucharska AZ, Sokół-Łętowska A. The effect of strawberry ripeness on the content of polyphenols, cinnamates, L-ascorbic and carboxylic acids. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Song J, CampbellPalmer L, Vinqvist-Tymchuk M, Fillmore S, Forney C, Luo H, Zhang Z. Proteomic Changes in Antioxidant System in Strawberry During Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:594156. [PMID: 33424890 PMCID: PMC7785977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.594156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the strawberry antioxidant defense system during fruit ripening, a targeted quantitative proteomic approach using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed to investigate targeted proteins in the antioxidant enzyme system in strawberry fruit. We investigated 46 proteins and isoforms with 73 identified peptides which may be involved in this antioxidant enzyme system. Among the proteins that changed during ripening, aldo/keto reductase (AKR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione transferase (GT) increased significantly, while dehydroascorbate reductase, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, catalase (CAT), 1-Cys peroxiredoxin and L-ascorbate peroxidase (APX) decreased significantly. These results suggest that fruit ripening of strawberry activates the enzymes of an SOD/glutathione metabolism system. The methodologies used in this study will be useful for systematically characterizing the role of antioxidant enzymes in fruit ripening of other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Leslie CampbellPalmer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Mindy Vinqvist-Tymchuk
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Sherry Fillmore
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Charles Forney
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Honghui Luo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Zhou W, Liang X, Zhang Y, Dai P, Liang B, Li J, Sun C, Lin X. Role of sucrose in modulating the low-nitrogen-induced accumulation of phenolic compounds in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5412-5421. [PMID: 32562270 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals present in vegetables which contribute to human health. Although nitrogen deficiency and sucrose (Suc) are linked to phenolic production in vegetables, the relationship between them in the regulation of phenolic biosynthesis remains unknown. This study investigated the potential role of Suc in regulating phenolic biosynthesis of lettuce under low-nitrogen (LN) conditions. RESULTS Our results showed that LN treatment significantly increased Suc content in lettuce by inducing rapid increases in activities of sucrose synthesis-related enzymes. Exogenous Suc further stimulated LN-induced phenolic accumulation in lettuce by upregulating the expression of genes (PAL, CHS, F3H, DFR, F35H and UFGT) involved in phenolic biosynthesis. The opposite effects were true for exogenous 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) application. No changes were observed in chlorophyll content in LN-treated lettuce, in either the presence or absence of Suc application. Notably, exogenous DCMU resulted in decreases of maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, actual efficiency of PSII and electron transport rate in PSII and increase of quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII in lettuce under LN conditions, whereas these effects were reversed on Suc application. Exogenous Suc also increased glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities in LN-treated lettuce. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Suc is involved in LN-induced phenolic production in lettuce by enhancing photosynthetic and nitrogen assimilation efficiency to increase the supply of carbon resources and precursors for phenolic biosynthesis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peibin Dai
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junliang Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Pfukwa TM, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CL, Fawole OA, Manley M, Mapiye C. Southern African indigenous fruits and their byproducts: Prospects as food antioxidants. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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31
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Advances in Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of Proanthocyanidins in Horticultural Plants. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121774. [PMID: 33265960 PMCID: PMC7759826 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are colorless flavonoid polymers condensed from flavan-3-ol units. They are essential secondary plant metabolites that contribute to the nutritional value and sensory quality of many fruits and the related processed products. Mounting evidence has shown that the accumulation of proanthocyanidins is associated with the resistance of plants against a broad spectrum of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins has been examined extensively, allowing for identifying and characterizing the key regulators controlling the biosynthetic pathway in many plants. New findings revealed that these specific regulators were involved in the proanthocyanidins biosynthetic network in response to various environmental conditions. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding the control of key regulators in the underlying proanthocyanidins biosynthetic and molecular mechanisms in response to environmental stress. Furthermore, it discusses the directions for future research on the metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins production to improve food and fruit crop quality.
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32
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Pott DM, Vallarino JG, Cruz-Rus E, Willmitzer L, Sánchez-Sevilla JF, Amaya I, Osorio S. Genetic analysis of phenylpropanoids and antioxidant capacity in strawberry fruit reveals mQTL hotspots and candidate genes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20197. [PMID: 33214566 PMCID: PMC7677386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are a large class of plant secondary metabolites, which play essential roles in human health mainly associated with their antioxidant activity. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a rich source of phytonutrients, including phenylpropanoids, which have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. In this study, using the F. × ananassa '232' × '1392' F1 segregating population, we analyzed the genetic control of individual phenylpropanoid metabolites, total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in strawberry fruit over two seasons. We have identified a total of 7, 9, and 309 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for TPC, TEAC and for 77 polar secondary metabolites, respectively. Hotspots of stable QTL for health-related antioxidant compounds were detected on linkage groups LG IV-3, LG V-2 and V-4, and LG VI-1 and VI-2, where associated markers represent useful targets for marker-assisted selection of new varieties with increased levels of antioxidant secondary compounds. Moreover, differential expression of candidate genes for major and stable mQTLs was studied in fruits of contrasting lines in important flavonoids. Our results indicate that higher expression of FaF3'H, which encodes the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, is associated with increased content of these important flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine M Pott
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Unidad Asociada de I + D + i IFAPA-CSIC Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Málaga, Spain
| | - José G Vallarino
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Unidad Asociada de I + D + i IFAPA-CSIC Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Cruz-Rus
- Unidad Asociada de I + D + i IFAPA-CSIC Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Genómica y Biotecnología, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro IFAPA de Málaga, 29140, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max-Planck-Institut Für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - José F Sánchez-Sevilla
- Unidad Asociada de I + D + i IFAPA-CSIC Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Genómica y Biotecnología, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro IFAPA de Málaga, 29140, Málaga, Spain
| | - Iraida Amaya
- Unidad Asociada de I + D + i IFAPA-CSIC Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Málaga, Spain. .,Laboratorio de Genómica y Biotecnología, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro IFAPA de Málaga, 29140, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain. .,Unidad Asociada de I + D + i IFAPA-CSIC Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Málaga, Spain.
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33
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Jiang W, Li N, Zhang D, Meinhardt L, Cao B, Li Y, Song L. Elevated temperature and drought stress significantly affect fruit quality and activity of anthocyanin-related enzymes in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. 'Lingwuchangzao'). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241491. [PMID: 33152049 PMCID: PMC7646374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality attributes of jujube fruit can be directly and indirectly affected by abiotic stresses associated with climate change. Increased temperature and drought are among the most important factors challenging sustainable jujube production in the temperate semi-arid region in northwest China. The main objective of the present study was to understand the effects of elevated air temperature and drought stress on sugar and acid accumulation and coloration of jujube fruits. The content of soluble sugar, organic acid and pigments of traditional jujube "Linwuchangzao" under different atmospheric temperatures and drought stresses were analyzed during three different fruit ripening stages. The elevated temperature (1.5-2.5° C than normal temperature) significantly increased the fruit sugar content, sugar-acid ratio, anthocyanins, flavonoids and carotenoids content. Under the drought stress where the soil moisture was 30% -50% of the field capacity, sugar content, anthocyanin, flavonoid and carotenoid content of the fruit were significantly reduced at the same temperature, but the chlorophyll and organic acid content increased. No significant interaction of Temperature x Drought was observed for all the analyzed quality parameters. The current results showed that the fruit quality of jujube variety "Lingwuchangzao" could be improved when the atmospheric temperature increases by 2° C in this region. However, drought stress had a negative impact on the fruit's sugar-acid ratio and pigment content. The present results also showed that the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in jujube fruit were positively correlated with sugar content and related enzyme activities, especially Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. This study, therefore, provides novel information for understanding the influence of growth environment on the quality properties of jujube fruits. This knowledge will help develop appropriate crop management practices for jujube production in arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Na Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- USDA-ARS, NEA, BARC, SPCL, Beltsville, MD, United States of
America
| | - Lyndel Meinhardt
- USDA-ARS, NEA, BARC, SPCL, Beltsville, MD, United States of
America
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
| | - Lihua Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia,
China
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Vidinamo F, Fawzia S, Karim MA. Effect of drying methods and storage with agro-ecological conditions on phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of fruits: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:353-361. [PMID: 32907340 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1816891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Choice of drying methods significantly impacts the nutritive and non-nutritive compounds in fruits and vegetables. Phytochemicals such as total phenolics and total flavonoids are non-nutritive bioactive compounds and are found in plants which are of important value due to their antioxidant properties in minimizing the oxidation reaction. However, drying and storage conditions and duration significantly affect these important quality attributes. There is currently no review article on the impact of the drying and storage conditions on these quality attributes. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to investigate the impact of drying methods on these important phytochemicals and their antioxidant activity on dried products during the storage period. Different drying methods cause desirable and undesirable changes to dried products both physically and chemically. It is found that during the drying process at various temperature ranges from 40 to 80 °C, chemical changes occurs which affects the phenolic and the flavonoid content of dried products to increase or decrease. The increase in antioxidant activity after drying is also due to oxidized polyphenols and Maillard reaction products. This results to changes in the antioxidant potential of the dried food product and its impact on the shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vidinamo
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Agriculture, PNG University of Technology, Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Sabrina Fawzia
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - M A Karim
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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35
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Lombardi N, Caira S, Troise AD, Scaloni A, Vitaglione P, Vinale F, Marra R, Salzano AM, Lorito M, Woo SL. Trichoderma Applications on Strawberry Plants Modulate the Physiological Processes Positively Affecting Fruit Production and Quality. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1364. [PMID: 32719661 PMCID: PMC7350708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Trichoderma spp. are successful plant beneficial microbial inoculants due to their ability to act as biocontrol agents with direct antagonistic activities to phytopathogens, and as biostimulants capable of promoting plant growth. This work investigated the effects of treatments with three selected Trichoderma strains (T22, TH1, and GV41) to strawberry plants on the productivity, metabolites and proteome of the formed fruits. Trichoderma applications stimulated plant growth, increased strawberry fruit yield, and favored selective accumulation of anthocyanins and other antioxidants in red ripened fruits. Proteomic analysis of fruits harvested from the plants previously treated with Trichoderma demonstrated that the microbial inoculants highly affected the representation of proteins associated with responses to stress/external stimuli, nutrient uptake, protein metabolism, carbon/energy metabolism and secondary metabolism, also providing a possible explanation to the presence of specific metabolites in fruits. Bioinformatic analysis of these differential proteins revealed a central network of interacting molecular species, providing a rationale to the concomitant modulation of different plant physiological processes following the microbial inoculation. These findings indicated that the application of Trichoderma-based products exerts a positive impact on strawberry, integrating well with previous observations on the molecular mechanisms activated in roots and leaves of other tested plant species, demonstrating that the efficacy of using a biological approach with beneficial microbes on the maturing plant is also able to transfer advantages to the developing fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lombardi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Caira
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sheridan Lois Woo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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36
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Gao Q, Luo H, Li Y, Liu Z, Kang C. Genetic modulation of RAP alters fruit coloration in both wild and cultivated strawberry. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1550-1561. [PMID: 31845477 PMCID: PMC7292541 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit colour affects consumer preference and is an important trait for breeding in strawberry. Previously, we isolated the Reduced Anthocyanins in Petioles (RAP) gene encoding a glutathione S-transferase (GST) that binds anthocyanins to facilitate their transport from cytosol to vacuole in the diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca. The parent of rap was the F. vesca variety 'Yellow Wonder' that develops white fruit due to a natural mutation in the FveMYB10 gene. Here, we investigated the application potential of RAP in modulating fruit colours by overexpression of RAP in F. vesca and knockout of RAP in the cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa. Unexpectedly, the RAP overexpression in Yellow Wonder background caused formation of red fruit. In addition, the red coloration occurs precociously at floral stage 10 and continues in the receptacle during early fruit development. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were not up-regulated in RAP-ox; rap myb10 flowers at anthesis and largely inhibited at the turning stage in fruit, suggesting a coloration mechanism independent of FveMYB10. Moreover, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout RAP in cultivated strawberry which is octoploid. Six copies of RAP were simultaneously knocked out in the T0 generation leading to the green stem and white-fruited phenotype. Several T1 progeny have segregated away the CRISPR/Cas9 transgene but maintain the green stem trait. Our results indicate that enhancing the anthocyanin transport could redirect the metabolic flux from proanthocyanidin to anthocyanin production at early developmental stages of fruit and that RAP is one promising candidate gene in fruit colour breeding of strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Huifeng Luo
- Institute of HorticultureHangzhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Yongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Chunying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education)College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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37
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Kazemitabar SK, Faraji S, Najafi-Zarrini H. Identification and in silico evaluation of bHLH genes in the Sesamum indicum genome: Growth regulation and stress dealing specially through the metal ions homeostasis and flavonoid biosynthesis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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38
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An JP, Liu YJ, Zhang XW, Bi SQ, Wang XF, You CX, Hao YJ. Dynamic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis at different light intensities by the BT2-TCP46-MYB1 module in apple. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3094-3109. [PMID: 31996900 PMCID: PMC7475178 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Teosinte branched1/cycloidea/proliferating (TCP) transcription factors play a broad role in plant growth and development, but their involvement in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is currently unclear. In this study, anthocyanin biosynthesis induced by different light intensities in apple (Malus domestica) was found to be largely dependent on the functions of the MdMYB1 and MdTCP46 transcription factors. The expression of MdTCP46 was responsive to high light intensity, and under these conditions it promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis by direct interactions with MdMYB1 that enhanced the binding of the latter to its target genes. MdTCP46 also interacted with a bric-a-brac/tramtrack/broad (BTB) protein, MdBT2, that is responsive to high light intensity, which ubiquitinated MdTCP46 and mediated its degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. Our results demonstrate that the dynamic regulatory module MdBT2-MdTCP46-MdMYB1 plays a key role in modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis at different light intensities in apple, and provides new insights into the post-transcriptional regulation of TCP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Si-Qi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
- Correspondence:
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Vetö NM, Guzman F, Kulcheski FR, Segatto ALA, Lacerda MEG, Margis R, Turchetto-Zolet AC. Transcriptomics analysis of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) unveil potential genes involved in fruit pigmentation. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190255. [PMID: 32353098 PMCID: PMC7199922 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psidium cattleyanum Sabine is an Atlantic Forest native species
that presents some populations with red fruits and others with yellow fruits.
This variation in fruit pigmentation in this species is an intriguing character
that could be related to species evolution but still needs to be further
explored. Our goal was to provide genomic information for these morphotypes to
understand the molecular mechanisms of differences in fruit colour in this
species. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of red
and yellow morphotypes of P. cattleyanum, considering two
stages of fruit ripening. The transcriptomic analysis performed encompassing
leaves, unripe and ripe fruits, in triplicate for each morphotype. The
transcriptome consensus from each morphotype showed 301,058 and 298,310 contigs
from plants with yellow and red fruits, respectively. The differential
expression revealed important genes that were involved in anthocyanins
biosynthesis, such as the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and
UDP-glucose:flavonoid-o-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) that were differentially
regulated during fruit ripening. This study reveals stimulating data for the
understanding of the pathways and mechanisms involved in the maturation and
colouring of P. cattleyanum fruits and suggests that the ANS
and UFGT genes are key factors involved in the synthase and pigmentation
accumulation in red fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Vetö
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Frank Guzman
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Lima, Peru
| | - Franceli R Kulcheski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e o Desenvolvimento, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia A Segatto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda G Lacerda
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Margis
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreia C Turchetto-Zolet
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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40
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Wang Y, Li W, Chang H, Zhou J, Luo Y, Zhang K, Zuo J, Wang B. SRNAome and transcriptome analysis provide insight into strawberry fruit ripening. Genomics 2020; 112:2369-2378. [PMID: 31945464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry fruit ripening is a complex process affected by multiple factors at different regulation levels. To elucidate the regulation mechanisms, the combined analysis of sRNAome and transcriptome were used. A total of 124 known and 190 novel miRNAs were found, 62 of them were significantly differentially expressed (DE). The targets of the DE miRNAs were parsed and several TFs, such as SPL, ARF, WRKY, and TCP, were found to be involved in ripening. Elevated CO2 can significantly postpone ripening and miR156, miR166f, miR171a, and miR171d were the DE miRNAs. Transcriptome analysis found 313 DE genes related to fruit ripening, including cell wall metabolism-related genes, color-related genes, ethylene-related genes, and genes encoding TFs such as MYB, SPL, NAC, TCP, and ARF. Based on above, a combined regulatory model involved in fruit ripening was created. These results provide valuable information for understanding the complicated coordinated regulatory network of strawberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kaichun Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Baogang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; National R&D Center For Fruit Processing, Beijing 100093, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing 100093, China.
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Smrke T, Persic M, Veberic R, Sircelj H, Jakopic J. Influence of reflective foil on persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit peel colour and selected bioactive compounds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19069. [PMID: 31836845 PMCID: PMC6911052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate how to overcome the negative effect of anti-hail netting on the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in persimmon trees and persimmon fruit colour, flesh firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and individual carotenoid and phenolic compound contents (determined via HPLC-MS) under a hail net with the use of reflective foil. Reflective foil increased the PPFD on the lower side of the fruits, while there was no significant difference on the upper side compared to those of the control group. The CIE colour parameters a* and h° indicated more intense red colouration of the fruits in the foil treatment than those in the control. Among carotenoids, the content of β-carotene increased, and the content of zeaxanthin decreased in fruits in the reflective foil treatment group, while the content of other carotenoids was not affected by the reflective foil. Among individual phenolic compounds in the persimmon peel, greater light intensity significantly influenced all three phenolic compound subgroups: phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. The content of gallic acid in the persimmon flesh increased the most, while other phenolics did not show any significant differences in concentrations between the foil and control groups. This study is the first to examine the influence of reflective foil on bioactive compounds in persimmon fruit. The use of reflective foil in persimmon orchards improves persimmon fruit colour and selected bioactive compound contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Smrke
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martina Persic
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Veberic
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Sircelj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair of Applied Botany, Plant Ecology & Physiology and Informatics, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Jakopic
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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42
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ABA and sucrose co-regulate strawberry fruit ripening and show inhibition of glycolysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 295:421-438. [PMID: 31807909 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose play an important role in strawberry fruit ripening, but how ABA and sucrose co-regulate this ripening progress remains unclear. The intention of this study was to examine the effect of ABA and sucrose on strawberry fruit ripening and to evaluate the ABA/sucrose interaction mechanism on the strawberry fruit ripening process. Here, we report that there is an acute synergistic effect between ABA and sucrose in accelerating strawberry fruit ripening. The time frame of fruit development and ripening was shortened after the application of ABA, sucrose, and ABA + sucrose, but most of the major quality parameters in treated-ripe fruit, including fruit weight, total soluble solids, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, the total phenolic content, lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue angle (h°) values were not affected. Meanwhile, the endogenous ABA and sucrose levels, and the expression of ABA and sucrose signaling genes and ripening-related genes, such as NCED1, NCED2, SnRK2.2, SuSy, MYB5, CEL1, and CEL2, was all significantly enhanced by ABA or sucrose treatment alone, but in particular, by the ABA + sucrose treatment. Therefore, improving the ripening regulation efficiency is one synergetic action of ABA/sucrose. Another synergetic action of ABA/sucrose shows that a short inhibition of glycolysis occurs during accelerated strawberry ripening. ABA and sucrose can induce higher accumulation of H2O2, leading to a transient decrease in glycolysis. Conversely, lower endogenous H2O2 levels caused by reduced glutathione (GSH) treatment resulted in a transient increase in glycolysis while delaying strawberry fruit ripening. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the ABA/sucrose interaction affects the ripening regulation efficiency and shows inhibition of glycolysis.
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43
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Jiang F, Zhang J, Wang S, Yang L, Luo Y, Gao S, Zhang M, Wu S, Hu S, Sun H, Wang Y. The apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) genome elucidates Rosaceae evolution and beta-carotenoid synthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:128. [PMID: 31754435 PMCID: PMC6861294 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Apricots, scientifically known as Prunus armeniaca L, are drupes that resemble and are closely related to peaches or plums. As one of the top consumed fruits, apricots are widely grown worldwide except in Antarctica. A high-quality reference genome for apricot is still unavailable, which has become a handicap that has dramatically limited the elucidation of the associations of phenotypes with the genetic background, evolutionary diversity, and population diversity in apricot. DNA from P. armeniaca was used to generate a standard, size-selected library with an average DNA fragment size of ~20 kb. The library was run on Sequel SMRT Cells, generating a total of 16.54 Gb of PacBio subreads (N50 = 13.55 kb). The high-quality P. armeniaca reference genome presented here was assembled using long-read single-molecule sequencing at approximately 70× coverage and 171× Illumina reads (40.46 Gb), combined with a genetic map for chromosome scaffolding. The assembled genome size was 221.9 Mb, with a contig NG50 size of 1.02 Mb. Scaffolds covering 92.88% of the assembled genome were anchored on eight chromosomes. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs analysis showed 98.0% complete genes. We predicted 30,436 protein-coding genes, and 38.28% of the genome was predicted to be repetitive. We found 981 contracted gene families, 1324 expanded gene families and 2300 apricot-specific genes. The differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis indicated that a change in the expression of the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene but not lycopene beta-cyclase (LcyB) gene results in a low β-carotenoid content in the white cultivar "Dabaixing". This complete and highly contiguous P. armeniaca reference genome will be of help for future studies of resistance to plum pox virus (PPV) and the identification and characterization of important agronomic genes and breeding strategies in apricot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Jiang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, 100093 Beijing, PR China
- Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100093 Beijing, PR China
| | - Junhuan Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, 100093 Beijing, PR China
- Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100093 Beijing, PR China
| | - Sen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, 100093 Beijing, PR China
- Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100093 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingfeng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, 100093 Beijing, PR China
- Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100093 Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuangyang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Haoyuan Sun
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, 100093 Beijing, PR China
- Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100093 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, 100093 Beijing, PR China
- Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 100093 Beijing, PR China
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Zhou W, Liang X, Dai P, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Lu L, Jin C, Lin X. Alteration of Phenolic Composition in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) by Reducing Nitrogen Supply Enhances its Anti-Proliferative Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4205. [PMID: 31466217 PMCID: PMC6747510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of vegetables rich in phenolic compounds has become a useful method to reduce the risk of developing several types of cancer. This study investigated the potential relationship between the alteration of phenolic compounds in lettuce induced by reduced nitrogen supply and its anti-proliferative effects on Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells. Our results showed that phenolic extracts from lettuce grown under low nitrogen conditions (LP) exhibited better anti-proliferative effects against Caco-2 cells, in part, by interfering with the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, compared with those from lettuce supplied with adequate nitrogen. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and correlation analysis indicated that the better anticancer activity of LP may be not only related to the increased phenolic content, but also associated with the increased percentage contribution of quercetin to total phenolics. Taken together, alteration of phenolic composition by reduced nitrogen supply can be an effectively strategy for the development of healthy vegetables as anticancer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peibin Dai
- Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Allevato DM, Kiyota E, Mazzafera P, Nixon KC. Ecometabolomic Analysis of Wild Populations of Pilocarpus pennatifolius (Rutaceae) Using Unimodal Analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:258. [PMID: 30894869 PMCID: PMC6414451 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining the diversity of plant specialized metabolites suggest that biotic and abiotic pressures greatly influence the qualitative and quantitative diversity found in a species. Large geographic distributions expose a species to a great variety of environmental pressures, thus providing an enormous opportunity for expression of environmental plasticity. Pilocarpus, a neotropical genus of Rutaceae, is rich in alkaloids, terpenoids, and coumarins, and is the only commercial source of the alkaloid pilocarpine for the treatment of glaucoma. Overharvesting of species in this genus for pilocarpine, has threatened natural populations of the species. The aim of this research was to understand how adaptation to environmental variation shapes the metabolome in multiple populations of the widespread species Pilocarpus pennatifolius. LCMS data from alkaloid and phenolic extracts of leaf tissue were analyzed with environmental predictors using unimodal unconstrained and constrained ordination methods for an untargeted metabolomics analysis. PLS-DA was used to further confirm the chemoecotypes of each site. The most important variables contributing to the alkaloid variation between the sites: mean temperature of wettest quarter, as well as the soil content of phosphorus, magnesium, and base saturation (V%). The most important contributing to the phenolic variation between the sites: mean temperature of the wettest quarter, temperature seasonality, calcium and soil electrical conductivity. This research will have broad implications in a variety of areas including biocontrol for pests, environmental and ecological plant physiology, and strategies for species conservation maximizing phytochemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M. Allevato
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Kevin C. Nixon
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Ma ZH, Li WF, Mao J, Li W, Zuo CW, Zhao X, Dawuda MM, Shi XY, Chen BH. Synthesis of light-inducible and light-independent anthocyanins regulated by specific genes in grape 'Marselan' ( V. vinifera L.). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6521. [PMID: 30842905 PMCID: PMC6398381 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin is an important parameter for evaluating the quality of wine grapes. However, the effects of different light intensities on anthocyanin synthesis in grape berry skin and its regulation mechanisms are still unclear. In this experiment, clusters of wine grape cv. ‘Marselan’ were bagged using fruit bags with different light transmittance of 50%, 15%, 5%, and 0, designated as treatment A, B, C and D, respectively. Fruits that were not bagged were used as the control, designated as CK. The anthocyanin composition and concentration, as well as gene expression profiles in the berry skin were determined. The results showed that the degree of coloration of the berry skin reduced with the decrease of the light transmittance, and the veraison was postponed for 10 days in D when compared with the CK. Total anthocyanin concentration in the berry skin treated with D decreased by 51.50% compared with CK at the harvest stage. A total of 24 and 21 anthocyanins were detected in CK and D, respectively. Among them, Malvidin-3-O-coumaroylglucoside (trans), which showed a significant positive correlation with the total concentration of anthocyanins at the harvest stage (r = 0.775) and was not detected in D, was presumed to be light-induced anthocyanin. Other anthocyanins which were both synthesized in CK and D were considered to be light-independent anthocyanins. Among them, Malvidin-3-O-coumaroylglucoside (cis) and Malvidin-3-O-acetylglucoside were typical representatives. Remarkably, the synthesis of light-inducible anthocyanins and light-independent anthocyanins were regulated by different candidate structural genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and members of MYB and bHLH transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Huan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cun-Wu Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | - Bai-Hong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Gu Z, Zhu J, Hao Q, Yuan YW, Duan YW, Men S, Wang Q, Hou Q, Liu ZA, Shu Q, Wang L. A Novel R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Contributes to Petal Blotch Formation by Regulating Organ-Specific Expression of PsCHS in Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:599-611. [PMID: 30496505 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flower color patterns play critical roles in plant-pollinator interactions and represent one of the most common adaptations during angiosperm evolution. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color pattern formation are less understood in non-model organisms. The aim of this study was to identify genes involved in the formation of petal blotches in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) through transcriptome profiling and functional experiments. We identified an R2R3-MYB gene, PsMYB12, representing a distinct R2R3-MYB subgroup, with a spatiotemporal expression pattern tightly associated with petal blotch development. We further demonstrated that PsMYB12 interacts with a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and a WD40 protein in a regulatory complex that directly activates PsCHS expression, which is also specific to the petal blotches. Together, these findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pigment pattern formation beyond model plants. They also benefit molecular breeding of tree peony cultivars with novel color patterns and promote germplasm innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Hao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yuan-Wen Duan
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Siqi Men
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinzheng Hou
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zheng-An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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48
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Spinardi A, Cola G, Gardana CS, Mignani I. Variation of Anthocyanin Content and Profile Throughout Fruit Development and Ripening of Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Grown at Two Different Altitudes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1045. [PMID: 31552064 PMCID: PMC6737079 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a widely consumed fruit and a rich source of bioactive compounds, namely, the polyphenol class of anthocyanins. Little information is available about the influence of internal (genetic and developmental) and external (environmental) factors on the levels of phenolic metabolites in blueberry fruit. In light of this consideration, total polyphenolic and flavonoid content, anthocyanin accumulation and composition were evaluated in cv. "Duke" and "Brigitta" grown at two different altitudes in Valtellina, a valley of the Alps in Northern Italy. During berry ripening, there is a developmentally coordinated shift from cyanidin-type, di-substituted anthocyanins toward delphinidin-based, tri-substituted pigments. At the lower altitude location, higher temperatures, not exceeding optimum, resulted in a more quickly berry developmental pattern and in higher anthocyanin concentrations in the early phases of ripening. At later stages of ripening, berries of both cultivars at higher altitude compensate for these initial temperature effects, and no differences were recorded in ripe fruit grown in the two locations. We conclude that anthocyanin accumulation is strongly regulated by development and genotype, and the environmental factors, associated to the altitude gradient, exert in the trial conditions only a fine-tuning influence. Fruits reach the full-ripening stage simultaneously at both sites because the initial gap in pigment levels is counterbalanced at the higher altitude by a faster rate of accumulation at later phases of the ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Spinardi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Spinardi,
| | - Gabriele Cola
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Sebastiano Gardana
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mignani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Todeschini V, AitLahmidi N, Mazzucco E, Marsano F, Gosetti F, Robotti E, Bona E, Massa N, Bonneau L, Marengo E, Wipf D, Berta G, Lingua G. Impact of Beneficial Microorganisms on Strawberry Growth, Fruit Production, Nutritional Quality, and Volatilome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1611. [PMID: 30505312 PMCID: PMC6250784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the roots of most terrestrial plant species, improving plant growth, nutrient uptake and biotic/abiotic stress resistance and tolerance. Similarly, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhance plant fitness and production. In this study, three different AMF (Funneliformis mosseae, Septoglomus viscosum, and Rhizophagus irregularis) were used in combination with three different strains of Pseudomonas sp. (19Fv1t, 5Vm1K and Pf4) to inoculate plantlets of Fragaria × ananassa var. Eliana F1. The effects of the different fungus/bacterium combinations were assessed on plant growth parameters, fruit production and quality, including health-promoting compounds. Inoculated and uninoculated plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 4 months and irrigated with a nutrient solution at two different phosphate levels. The number of flowers and fruits were recorded weekly. At harvest, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots, mycorrhizal colonization and concentration of leaf photosynthetic pigments were measured in each plant. The following fruit parameters were recorded: pH, titratable acids, concentration of organic acids, soluble sugars, ascorbic acids, and anthocyanidins; volatile and elemental composition were also evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and PCA/PCA-DA. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in plants inoculated with R. irregularis, followed by F. mosseae and S. viscosum. In general, AMF mostly affected the parameters associated with the vegetative portion of the plant, while PGPB were especially relevant for fruit yield and quality. The plant physiological status was differentially affected by inoculations, resulting in enhanced root and shoot biomass. Inoculation with Pf4 bacterial strain increased flower and fruit production per plant and malic acid content in fruits, while decreased the pH value, regardless of the used fungus. Inoculations affected fruit nutritional quality, increasing sugar and anthocyanin concentrations, and modulated pH, malic acid, volatile compounds and elements. In the present study, we show for the first time that strawberry fruit concentration of some elements and/or volatiles can be affected by the presence of specific beneficial soil microorganisms. In addition, our results indicated that it is possible to select the best plant-microorganism combination for field applications, and improving fruit production and quality, also in terms of health promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nassima AitLahmidi
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Eleonora Mazzucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Laurent Bonneau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
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50
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Baldi P, Orsucci S, Moser M, Brilli M, Giongo L, Si-Ammour A. Gene expression and metabolite accumulation during strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit development and ripening. PLANTA 2018; 248:1143-1157. [PMID: 30066220 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A coordinated regulation of different metabolic pathways was highlighted leading to the accumulation of important compounds that may contribute to the final quality of strawberry fruit. Strawberry fruit development and ripening involve complex physiological and biochemical changes, ranging from sugar accumulation to the production of important volatiles compounds that contribute to the final fruit flavor. To better understand the mechanisms controlling fruit growth and ripening in cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), we applied a molecular approach combining suppression subtractive hybridization and next generation sequencing to identify genes regulating developmental stages going from fruit set to full ripening. The results clearly indicated coordinated regulation of several metabolic processes such as the biosynthesis of flavonoid, phenylpropanoid and branched-chain amino acids, together with glycerolipid metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversion. In particular, genes belonging to the flavonoid pathway were activated in two distinct phases, the first one at the very early stages of fruit development and the second during ripening. The combination of expression analysis with metabolomic data revealed that the functional meaning of these two inductions is different, as during the early stages gene activation of flavonoid pathway leads to the production of proanthocyanidins and ellagic acid-derived tannins, while during ripening anthocyanins are the main product of flavonoid pathway activation. Moreover, the subtractive approach allowed the identification of different members of the same gene family coding for the same or very similar enzymes that in some cases showed opposite regulation during strawberry fruit development. Such regulation is an important trait that can help to understand how plants specifically channel metabolic intermediates towards separate branches of a biosynthetic pathway or use different isoforms of the same enzyme in different organs or developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Baldi
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| | - Saverio Orsucci
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mirko Moser
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Matteo Brilli
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Giongo
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Azeddine Si-Ammour
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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