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Habib MR, Bu L, Posavi M, Zhong D, Yan G, Zhang SM. Yolk proteins of the schistosomiasis vector snail Biomphalaria glabrata revealed by multi-omics analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1820. [PMID: 38245605 PMCID: PMC10799875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenesis is the most important process in animal reproduction, in which yolk proteins play a vital role. Among multiple yolk protein precursors, vitellogenin (Vtg) is a well-known major yolk protein (MYP) in most oviparous animals. However, the nature of MYP in the freshwater gastropod snail Biomphalaria glabrata remains elusive. In the current study, we applied bioinformatics, tissue-specific transcriptomics, ovotestis-targeted proteomics, and phylogenetics to investigate the large lipid transfer protein (LLTP) superfamily and ferritin-like family in B. glabrata. Four members of LLTP superfamily (BgVtg1, BgVtg2, BgApo1, and BgApo2), one yolk ferritin (Bg yolk ferritin), and four soma ferritins (Bg ferritin 1, 2, 3, and 4) were identified in B. glabrata genome. The proteomic analysis demonstrated that, among the putative yolk proteins, BgVtg1 was the yolk protein appearing in the highest amount in the ovotestis, followed by Bg yolk ferritin. RNAseq profile showed that the leading synthesis sites of BgVtg1 and Bg yolk ferritin are in the ovotestis (presumably follicle cells) and digestive gland, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BgVtg1 is well clustered with Vtgs of other vertebrates and invertebrates. We conclude that, vitellogenin (BgVtg1), not yolk ferritin (Bg yolk ferritin), is the major yolk protein precursor in the schistosomiasis vector snail B. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Habib
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lijing Bu
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Marijan Posavi
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Shen Y, Chen YZ, Zhang CX. RNAi-mediated silencing of ferritin genes in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens affects survival, growth and female fecundity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:365-377. [PMID: 32741141 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is the most destructive rice insect pest. To exploit potential target genes for applications in transgenic rice to control this sap-sucking insect pest, three ferritin genes were functionally characterized in this study. RESULTS In this study, three ferritin genes, that is, ferritin 1 Heavy Chain (NlFer1), ferritin 2 Light Chain (NlFer2) and soma ferritin (Nlsoma-Fer), were identified from BPH. Tissue-specific analyses showed that all three genes were highly expressed in the gut. Although double-stranded RNA injection-mediated RNA inference (RNAi) of Nlsoma-Fer expression resulted in only < 14% mortality in BPH, knockdown of NlFer1 or NlFer2 led to retarded growth and 100% mortality in young nymphs, and downregulation of NlFer1 and NlFer2 in newly emerged female adults caused undeveloped ovaries and severely inhibited oocyte growth, resulting in extremely low fecundity and a zero hatching rate. Knockdown of NlFer1 and NlFer2 caused similar phenotypes in BPH, indicating that they function together, as in many other animals. The results demonstrated that NlFer1 and NlFer2 were essential for BPH development and reproduction. BPHs showed high sensitivity to both dsNlFer1 and dsNlFer2, and injection of only 0.625 ng dsNlFer1 per BPH resulted in 100% mortality. Additionally, the effectiveness of feeding dsNlFer1 and dsNlFer2 to BPH nymphs was further proven. CONCLUSION NlFer1 and NlFer2 are essential for BPH development and reproduction, and the insect is highly sensitive to their depletion, suggesting that the two gut-highly-expressed genes are promising candidates for application in RNAi-based control of this destructive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Honarmand Ebrahimi K. Ferritin as a Platform for Creating Antiviral Mosaic Nanocages: Prospects for Treating COVID-19. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1371-1378. [PMID: 33350032 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a continues threat to human health and the economy worldwide. The latest example is the global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Antibody therapy and vaccines are promising approaches to treat the disease; however, they have bottlenecks: they might have low efficacy or narrow breadth due to the continuous emergence of new strains of the virus or antibodies could cause antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. To address these bottlenecks, I propose the use of 24-meric ferritin for the synthesis of mosaic nanocages to deliver a cocktail of antibodies or nanobodies alone or in combination with another therapeutic, like a nucleotide analogue, to mimic the viral entry process and deceive the virus, or to develop mosaic vaccines. I argue that available data showing the effectiveness of ferritin-antibody conjugates in targeting specific cells and ferritin-haemagglutinin nanocages in developing influenza vaccines strongly support my proposals.
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Su C, Ming T, Wu Y, Jiang Q, Huan H, Lu C, Zhou J, Li Y, Song H, Su X. Crystallographic characterization of ferritin from Sinonovacula constricta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:217-223. [PMID: 31983429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ferritins are ubiquitous iron-binding proteins that are mainly related to iron storage, detoxification and innate immunity. Here, we present the crystal structure of a marine invertebrate ferritin from Sinonovacula constricta at a resolution of 1.98 Å. The S. constricta ferritin (ScFer) possessed some structural similarities with vertebrate ferritins, and they shared a well-conserved architecture composed of five α-helical bundles that assembled into a cage-like structure with 24-subunits. The structure of ScFer also showed iron binding sites in the 3-fold channel, ferroxidase center, and putative nucleation sites. Further, electrostatic potential calculations suggested that the electrostatic gradient of the 3-fold channel could provide a guidance mechanism for iron entering the ferritin cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Byproducts from Ethylene Project, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315800, China
| | - Tinghong Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315823, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315823, China
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315823, China
| | - Hengshang Huan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315823, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315823, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315823, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315823, China
| | - Hongying Song
- Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Byproducts from Ethylene Project, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315800, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315823, China.
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Lu ZJ, Xie YX, Yu HZ, Toufeeq S, Wang J, Huang YL, Li NY, Ouyang ZG. Identification and functional analysis of an iron-binding protein, ferritin heavy chain subunit, from the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21592. [PMID: 31276235 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, which is ubiquitous among all living organisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining iron homeostasis, immune response, and detoxification. In the present research, we identified an iron-binding protein, ferritin heavy chain subunit, from Papilio xuthus and named PxFerHCH. The complete complementary DNA of PxFerHCH was 1,252 bp encoding a sequence of 211 amino acids, which includes an iron-responsive element. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PxFerHCH is clustered with Manduca sexta and Galleria mellonella ferritin heavy chain subunits. Expression levels of PxFerHCH in various tissues were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the results exhibited that PxFerHCH was expressed in all tissues with the highest expression in the fat body. The relative expression level of PxFerHCH in response to bacterial (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) challenges sharply increased by about 12 hr postinfection (hpi) and then decreased at 24 hpi. In addition, the iron-binding capacity and antioxidation activity of recombinant PxFerHCH protein were also investigated. These results reveal that PxFerHCH might play an important role in defense against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xin Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahzad Toufeeq
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ouyang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
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Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of a molecular mechanism of radular teeth biomineralization in Cryptochiton stelleri. Sci Rep 2019; 9:856. [PMID: 30696920 PMCID: PMC6351634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of chiton are known to deposit magnetite (Fe3O4) within the cusps of their heavily mineralized and ultrahard radular teeth. Recently, much attention has been paid to the ultrastructural design and superior mechanical properties of these radular teeth, providing a promising model for the development of novel abrasion resistant materials. Here, we constructed de novo assembled transcripts from the radular tissue of C. stelleri that were used for transcriptome and proteome analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the top 20 most highly expressed transcripts in the non-mineralized teeth region include the transcripts encoding ferritin, while those in the mineralized teeth region contain a high proportion of mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins. Proteomic analysis identified 22 proteins that were specifically expressed in the mineralized cusp. These specific proteins include a novel protein that we term radular teeth matrix protein1 (RTMP1), globins, peroxidasins, antioxidant enzymes and a ferroxidase protein. This study reports the first de novo transcriptome assembly from C. stelleri, providing a broad overview of radular teeth mineralization. This new transcriptomic resource and the proteomic profiles of mineralized cusp are valuable for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of radular teeth mineralization in chitons.
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Mladěnka P, Hrdina R, Hübl M, Šimůnek T. The Fate of Iron in The Organism and Its Regulatory Pathways. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2018. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element involved in many life-necessary processes. Interestingly, in mammals there is no active excretion mechanism for iron. Therefore iron kinetics has to be meticulously regulated. The most important step for regulation of iron kinetics is absorption. The absorption takes place in small intestine and it is implicated that it requires several proteins. Iron is then released from enterocytes into the circulation and delivered to the cells. Iron movement inside the cell is only partially elucidated and its traffic to mitochondia is not known. Surprisingly, the regulation of various proteins related to iron kinetics and energy metabolism at the molecular level is better described. On contrary, the complex control of iron absorption cannot be fully explicated with present knowledge.
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8
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González PM, Puntarulo S. Fe, oxidative and nitrosative metabolism in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 200:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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He J, Jiang J, Gu L, Zhao M, Wang R, Ye L, Yao T, Wang J. Identification and involvement of ferritin in the response to pathogen challenge in the abalone, Haliotis diversicolor. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:23-32. [PMID: 26875633 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating data has demonstrated that ferritin plays an important role in host defense responses against infection by pathogens in many organisms. In this study, ultracentrifugation was used to isolate ferritin from abalone, Haliotis diversicolor, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed that this ferritin consisted of two subunits (designated as HdFer1 and HdFer2). There are no disulfide bonds between the HdFer1 and HdFer2 subunits; however, these subunits co-assemble to form heteropolymers. A novel ferritin subunit (HdFer2) was cloned from H. diversicolor by 5' and 3' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) approach. The full-length HdFer2 cDNA sequence consists of 878 bp with an open reading frame of 513 bp that encodes a protein that is 170 amino acids in length. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that HdFer1 and HdFer2 were transcribed in various tissues, such as the mantle, gill and hepatopancreas, with the highest levels of expression in the hepatopancreas. Following a challenge with the pathogen, Vibrio harveyi, the expression of HdFer1 and HdFer2 were markedly induced at different times. This study has identified a novel ferritin subunit in H. diversicolor which will contribute to further exploration of the role of ferritin in mollusk innate immune defense against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Jingzhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Lu Gu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Manman Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Lingtong Ye
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Tuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Jiangyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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Abstract
Ferritins, the main intracellular iron storage proteins, have been studied for over 60 years, mainly focusing on the mammalian ones. This allowed the elucidation of the structure of these proteins and the mechanisms regulating their iron incorporation and mineralization. However, ferritin is present in most, although not all, eukaryotic cells, comprising monocellular and multicellular invertebrates and vertebrates. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the general properties of ferritins that are common to various eukaryotic phyla (except plants), and to give an overview on the structure, function and regulation of ferritins. An update on the animal models that were used to characterize H, L and mitochondrial ferritins is also provided. The data show that ferritin structure is highly conserved among different phyla. It exerts an important cytoprotective function against oxidative damage and plays a role in innate immunity, where it also contributes to prevent parenchymal tissue from the cytotoxicity of pro-inflammatory agonists released by the activation of the immune response activation. Less clear are the properties of the secretory ferritins expressed by insects and molluscs, which may be important for understanding the role played by serum ferritin in mammals.
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Pales Espinosa E, Koller A, Allam B. Proteomic characterization of mucosal secretions in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J Proteomics 2015; 132:63-76. [PMID: 26612663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The soft body surface of marine invertebrates is covered by a layer of mucus, a slippery gel secreted by mucocytes lining epithelia. The functions of this gel are diverse including locomotion, cleansing, food particles processing and defense against physicochemical injuries and infectious agents. In oysters, mucus covering pallial organs has been demonstrated to have a major importance in the processing of food particles and in the interactions with waterborne pathogens. Given the limited information available on mucus in bivalves and the apparent wide spectra of activity of bioactive molecules present in this matrix, the characterization of these mucosal secretions has become a research priority. In this study, mucus was separately collected from the mantle, gills and labial palps of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed the presence of a wide variety of molecules involved in host-microbe interactions, including putative adhesion molecules (e.g. c-type lectins) confirming that transcripts previously identified in epithelial cells are translated into proteins secreted in mucus. Mucus composition was different among samples collected from different organs. These results generate a reference map for C. virginica pallial mucus to better characterize the various physiological functions of mucosal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States.
| | - Antonius Koller
- Proteomics Center, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, United States
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States
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Chen L, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Chu S, He W, Li Y, Su X. Preparation and representation of recombinant Mn-ferritin flower-like spherical aggregates from marine invertebrates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119427. [PMID: 25879665 PMCID: PMC4399908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin has important functions in the transition and storage of toxic metal ions, but its regulation and function in many invertebrate species are still largely unknown. In our previous work, the cDNA sequence of Sinonovacula constricta, Apostichopus japonicas and Acaudina leucoprocta were constructed and efficiently expressed in E. Coli BL21 under IPTG induction. In this follow-up study, the recombinant ferritins were exposed to heavy metal manganese. The manganese concentration levels in three recombinant ferritins were greater than horse spleen ferritin (HSF). Compared with HSF, the amount of manganese enrichment in the three recombinant ferritins was 1.75-fold, 3.25-fold and 2.42-fold increases in ScFER, AjFER, and AlFER, respectively. After phosphate stimulation, the concentration of manganese increased and was higher than the ordinary dialysis control groups. The ScFER was four times its baseline value. The AjFER and AlFER were 1.4- and 8-fold higher, respectively. The AlFER sample stimulated by phosphate was 22-fold that of HSF. The morphologies of the resulting Mn-Ferritin from different marine invertebrates were characterized with scanning electron microscopy. Surface morphologies were lamella flower-like and are consistent with changes in surface morphologies of the standard Mn-HSF. Invertebrate recombinant ferritin and HSF both can uptake manganese. We found that the structure of A. leucoproctarecombinant Mn-Ferritin aggregate changed over time. The surface formed lamella flower-like aggregate, but gradually merged to create a relatively uniform plate-like phase of aggregate spherically and fused without clear boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Chu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina He
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Galay RL, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Mochizuki M, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T. Iron metabolism in hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): the antidote to their toxic diet. Parasitol Int 2014; 64:182-9. [PMID: 25527065 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are notorious parasitic arthropods, known for their completely host-blood-dependent lifestyle. Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) feed on their hosts for several days and can ingest blood more than a hundred times their unfed weight. Their blood-feeding habit facilitates the transmission of various pathogens. It is remarkable how hard ticks cope with the toxic nature of their blood meal, which contains several molecules that can promote oxidative stress including iron. While it is required in several physiological processes, high amounts of iron can be dangerous because iron can also participate in the formation of free radicals that may cause cellular damage and death. Here we review the current knowledge on heme and inorganic iron metabolism in hard ticks and compare it with that in vertebrates and other arthropods. We briefly discuss the studies on heme transport, storage and detoxification, and the transport and storage of inorganic iron, with emphasis on the functions of tick ferritins. This review points out other aspects of tick iron metabolism that warrant further investigation, as compared to mammals and other arthropods. Further understanding of this physiological process may help in formulating new control strategies for tick infestation and the spread of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remil Linggatong Galay
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masami Mochizuki
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kozo Fujisaki
- National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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14
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Huan P, Liu G, Wang H, Liu B. Multiple ferritin subunit genes of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and their distinct expression patterns during early development. Gene 2014; 546:80-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Fu X, Zhang R, Zou J, Wang S, Hu X, Zhang L, Bao Z. Identification of two secreted ferritin subunits involved in immune defense of Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 37:53-59. [PMID: 24434645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As an important iron storage protein, ferritin plays a crucial role in the iron-withholding defense system. In this study, two secreted ferritin subunits (PyFerS1 and PyFerS2) were identified from the Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. The complete DNA sequences of the two ferritins are 7101 and 5359 bp, consisting of seven and five exons, respectively. The full-length cDNAs of PyFerS1 and PyFerS2 are 960 and 956 bp in length, encoding 228 and 220 amino acids, respectively. They have typical ferritin structures, with four long α-helices, one short α-helix and an L-loop. Signal peptides were found at the N-terminus of both ferritins, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they both clustered with secreted mollusc ferritins. PyFerS1 possesses all seven conserved residues of the ferroxidase center, whereas PyFerS2 only has two. Real-time PCR analysis indicated high expression level of PyFerS2 in the D-shaped larvae, and PyFerS1 in both D-shaped larvae and fertilized eggs. In adult scallops, PyFerS1 was only detected in the hepatopancreas, whereas PyFerS2 was detected in both hepatopancreas and mantle. After the scallops were challenged by iron ion or bacteria Vibrio anguillarum, the expression of both PyFerS1 and PyFerS2 was significantly elevated, suggesting they may play a role in scallop innate immune defense. For the first time, secreted ferritins were cloned and comprehensively characterized in bivalve molluscs. It will assist in better understanding of the role of secreted ferritins in bivalve innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoteng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiajun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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16
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Zhang L, Sun W, Cai W, Zhang Z, Gu Y, Chen H, Ma S, Jia X. Differential response of two ferritin subunit genes (VpFer1 and VpFer2) from Venerupis philippinarum following pathogen and heavy metals challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1658-1662. [PMID: 23891591 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As a principal extracellular iron storage molecule, ferritin plays an important role in the iron-withholding strategy of innate immunity and detoxification system. In this study, we cloned and characterized another ferritin from Venerupis philippinarum (designated as VpFer2), in addition to one previously reported (VpFer1). VpFer2 possessed all the conserved features critical for the fundamental structure and function of ferritin H subunit. VpFer1 and VpFer2 mRNA were both found to be most abundantly expressed in hepatopancreas. Vibrio challenge could significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression of VpFers, and VpFer2 showed more sensitive to Vibrio anguillarum infection. For heavy metals exposure, the expression level of VpFer1 was significantly induced by Cd at 48 h, but kept relatively constant after exposure to Cu. With regards to VpFer2, the expression level dropped significantly at 24 h, then began to increase to the peak value at 48 h under Cd exposure, while Cu exposure constantly depressed the expression level of VpFer2 throughout the time course. Similarly, VpFer2 seemed to be more sensitive to heavy metals exposure than VpFer1 as its mRNA level changed by higher magnitudes. All these results suggested that VpFers may be important proteins involved in host immune defense and heavy metals detoxification. The diverse expression patterns of VpFers demonstrated that VpFer2 was an early and sensitive responder to environmental stress in V. philippinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbao Zhang
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab. of Fishery Ecology Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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17
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Galay RL, Aung KM, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Maeda H, Matsuo T, Kawaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Suzuki H, Xuan X, Mochizuki M, Fujisaki K, Tanaka T. Multiple ferritins are vital to successful blood feeding and reproduction of the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:1905-15. [PMID: 23393286 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasites and important vectors of diseases. The large amount of blood they consume contains great quantities of iron, an essential but also toxic element. The function of ferritin, an iron storage protein, and iron metabolism in ticks need to be further elucidated. Here, we investigated the function a newly identified secreted ferritin from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (HlFER2), together with the previously identified intracellular ferritin (HlFER1). Recombinant ferritins, expressed in Escherichia coli, were used for anti-serum preparation and were also assayed for iron-binding activity. RT-PCR and western blot analyses of different organs and developmental stages of the tick during blood feeding were performed. The localization of ferritins in different organs was demonstrated through an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed to evaluate the importance of ferritin in blood feeding and reproduction of ticks. The midgut was also examined after RNAi using light and transmission electron microscopy. RT-PCR showed differences in gene expression in some organs and developmental stages. Interestingly, only HlFER2 was detected in the ovary during oviposition and in the egg despite the low mRNA transcript. RNAi induced a reduction in post-blood meal body weight, high mortality and decreased fecundity. The expression of vitellogenin genes was affected by silencing of ferritin. Abnormalities in digestive cells, including disrupted microvilli, and alteration of digestive activity were also observed. Taken altogether, our results show that the iron storage and protective functions of ferritin are crucial to successful blood feeding and reproduction of H. longicornis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remil Linggatong Galay
- Department of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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18
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Zhu B, Huang L, Huang HQ. Cloning analysis of ferritin and the cisplatin-subunit for cancer cell apoptosis in Aplysia juliana hepatopancreas. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 156:95-103. [PMID: 22579997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin, an iron storage protein, plays a key role in iron metabolism in vivo. Here, we have cloned an inducible ferritin cDNA with 519 bp within the open reading frame fragment from the hepatopancreas of Aplysia juliana (AJ). The subunit sequence of the ferritin was predicted to be a polypeptide of 172 amino acids with a molecular mass of 19.8291kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.01. The cDNA sequence of hepatopancreas ferritin in AJ was constructed into a pET-32a system for expressing its relative protein efficiently in E. coli strain BL21, under isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside induction. The recombinant ferritin, which was further purified on a Ni-NTA resin column and digested with enterokinase, was detected as a single subunit of approximately 20 kDa mass using both SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. The secondary structure and phosphorylation sites of the deduced amino acids were predicted using both ExPASy proteomic tools and the NetPhos 2.0 server, and the subunit space structure of the recombinant AJ ferritin (rAjFer) was built using a molecular operating environment software system. The result of in-gel digestion and identification using MALDI-TOF MS/MS showed that the recombinant protein was AjFer. ICP-MS results indicated that the rAjFer subunit could directly bind to cisplatin[cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum(CDDP)], giving approximately 17.6 CDDP/ferritin subunits and forming a novel CDDP-subunit. This suggests that a nanometer CDDP core-ferritin was constructed, which could be developed as a new anti-cancer drug. The flow cytometry results indicated that CDDP-rAjFer could induce Hela cell apoptosis. Results of the real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of AjFer mRNA was up-regulated in AJ under Cd(2+) stress. The recombinant AjFer protein should prove to be useful for further study of the structure and function of ferritin in Aplysia.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Aplysia/drug effects
- Aplysia/genetics
- Aplysia/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Base Sequence
- Cadmium/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/metabolism
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Ferritins/classification
- Ferritins/genetics
- Ferritins/metabolism
- Ferritins/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HeLa Cells
- Hepatopancreas/drug effects
- Hepatopancreas/metabolism
- Humans
- Isoelectric Point
- Isopropyl Thiogalactoside/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Open Reading Frames
- Phosphorylation
- Phylogeny
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, China
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19
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Li J, Li L, Zhang S, Li J, Zhang G. Three ferritin subunits involved in immune defense from bay scallop Argopecten irradians. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:368-372. [PMID: 22146701 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a ubiquitous protein that plays an important role in iron storage and iron-withholding strategy of innate immunity. In this study, three genes encoding different ferritin subunits were cloned from bay scallop Argopecten irradians (AiFer1, AiFer2 and AiFer3) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches based on the known ESTs. The open reading frames of the three ferritins are of 516 bp, 522 bp and 519 bp, encoding 171,173 and 172 amino acids, respectively. All the AiFers contain a putative Iron Regulatory Element (IRE) in their 5'-untranslated regions. The deduced amino acid sequences of AiFers possess both the ferroxidase center of mammalian H ferritin and the iron nucleation site of mammalian L ferritin. Gene structure study revealed two distinct structured genes encoding a ferritin subunit (AiFer3). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated the significant up-regulation of AiFers in hemocytes after challenged with Listonella anguillarum, though the magnitudes of AiFer1 and AiFer2 were much higher than that of AiFer3. Taken together, these results suggest that AiFers are likely to play roles in both iron storage and innate immune defense against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
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20
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Cabán-Hernández K, Gaudier JF, Espino AM. Characterization and differential expression of a ferritin protein from Fasciola hepatica. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2011; 182:54-61. [PMID: 22240114 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ferritins are proteins that play a central role in maintaining intracellular iron balance. A cDNA clone of Fasciola hepatica (687 bp long) encoding a putative 228-amino acid polypeptide (FhFtn-1) homologous with ferritins of vertebrates and invertebrates was identified. FhFtn-1 contains a conserved motif of the ferroxidase center typical of vertebrate ferritins. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that FhFtn-1 clusters with two ferritins of Paragonimus westermani, which suggests a common ancestry for the ferritins of these two trematodes. Recombinant FhFtn-1 protein expressed and purified from an Escherichia coli system showed iron-uptake ability. Moreover, FhFtn-1 showed strong reactivity with sera from rabbits infected with F. hepatica for 2-12 weeks, which suggests that this protein could be a potential antigen for immunodiagnosis of fascioliasis. qPCR analysis demonstrated that FhFtn-1-mRNA is expressed at significantly higher levels in adults and unembryonated eggs than in juveniles or miracidia. These results represent the first characterization of a ferritin protein from the liver fluke F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Cabán-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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21
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Zhu B, Lin Q, Ke CH, Huang HQ. Single subunit type of ferritin from visceral mass of Saccostrea cucullata: cloning, expression and cisplatin-subunit analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:453-461. [PMID: 21729755 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, the iron storage protein, plays a key role in iron metabolism. Here, we have cloned an inducible ferritin cDNA with 516 bp within the open reading frame fragment from the visceral mass of Saccostrea cucullata. The subunit sequence of the ferritin was predicted to be a polypeptide of 171 amino acids with a molecular weight (MW) of 19.9182 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.24. The cDNA sequence of S. cucullata ferritin was constructed into a pET-32a expression system for expressing its relative protein efficiently in the Escherichia coli BL21 strain under isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction. The recombinant ferritin, which was further purified on a Ni-NTA resin column and digested with enterokinase, was detected as a single subunit of approximately MW 20 kDa using both SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. S. cucullata ferritin (ScFer) showed 98% identity with Crassostrea gigas ferritin at the amino acid level. The secondary structure and phosphorylation sites of deduced amino acids were predicted with ExPASy proteomics tools and the NetPhos 2.0 server, respectively, and the subunit space structure of recombinant S. cucullata ferritin (rScFer) was built using the molecular operating environmental software system. The results of both in-gel digestion and identification using MALDI-TOF MS/MS showed that the recombinant protein was ScFer. ICP-MS indicated that rScFer subunit can directly bind to cisplatin[cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum(CDDP)], giving approximately 22.9 CDDP/ferritin subunit for forming a novel complex of CDDP-subunit, which suggests that it constructs a nanometer CDDP core-ferritin for developing a new drug of anti-cancer. The results of both the real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that the expression of ScFer mRNA was up-regulated in the oyster under the stress of Cd(2+). In addition, the expression increment of ScFer mRNA under bacterial challenge indicated that ferritin participated in the immune response of S. cucullata. The recombinant ScFer should prove to be useful for further study of the structure and function of ferritin in S. cucullata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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22
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Procházková P, Dvořák J, Šilerová M, Roubalová R, Škanta F, Halada P, Bilej M. Molecular characterization of the iron binding protein ferritin in Eisenia andrei earthworms. Gene 2011; 485:73-80. [PMID: 21723382 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is a storage protein that plays a key role in iron metabolism. In this study, we report on the sequence characterization of a ferritin-coding cDNA in Eisenia andrei earthworms isolated by RT-PCR using degenerated primers, and we suggest the presence of a putative IRE in the 5'-UTR of ferritin mRNA. The obtained ferritin sequence was compared with those of other animals showing sequence and structure homology in consensus sites, including the iron-responsive element (IRE) and ferroxidase centers. Despite the sequence homology in the E. andrei mRNA of ferritin with the sequences of other animals in consensus IRE sites, the presented cytosine in the IRE of E. andrei ferritin in the expected position does not form a conventional bulge. The presence of ferritin in the coelomic fluid of E. andrei was proven by iron staining assay. Moreover, aconitase activity in the coelomic fluid was assessed by aconitase assay, suggesting the presence of an iron regulatory protein. Quantitative analysis revealed changes in the gene expression levels of ferritin in coelomocytes in response to bacterial challenge, reaching the maximum level 8h after the stimulation with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Procházková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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23
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He X, Zhang Y, Wu X, Xiao S, Yu Z. Cloning and characterization of two ferritin subunit genes from bay scallop, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819). Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2125-32. [PMID: 20878240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned two full-length cDNAs from two ferritin genes (Aifer1 and Aifer2) of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819). The cDNAs are 1,019 and 827 bp in length and encode proteins of 171 and 173 amino acids, respectively. The 5' UTR of each contains a conserved iron response element (IRE) motif. Sequence analyses reveal that both proteins belong to the H-ferritin family with seven conserved amino acids in the ferroxidase center. Highest expression of Aifer1 is found in the mantle and adductor muscle, while that of Aifer2 is only in the latter tissue. These Aifer genes are differentially expressed following bacterial challenge of the scallop. The expression level of Aifer1 was acutely up-regulated (over 10 fold) at 6 h post-bacteria injection, whereas Aifer2 expression was not significantly changed by bacterial challenge. Both genes were effectively expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), producing proteins of similar molecular weight, approximately 23 kDa. Purified Aifer1 and Aifer2 proteins exhibited iron-chelating activity of 33.1% and 30.4%, respectively, at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. Cations, Mg(2+), Zn(2+) and Ca(2+), depressed iron-chelating activity of both proteins. Additionally, the E. coli cells expressing recombinant Aifer1 and Aifer2 showed tolerance to H(2)O(2), providing a direct evidence of the antioxidation function of ferritin. The results presented in this study suggest important roles of Aifer1 and Aifer2 in the regulation of iron homeostasis, immune response, and antioxidative stress in A. irradians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Sustainable Utilization and Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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24
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Su X, Du L, Li Y, Li T, Li D, Wang M, He J. Production of recombinant protein and polyclonal mouse antiserum for ferritin from Sipuncula Phascolosoma esculenta. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 27:466-468. [PMID: 19563895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The iron storage protein, ferritin, plays a key role in iron metabolism, but its regulation and functions in many invertebrate species are still largely unknown. In our previous work, an inducible ferritin cDNA from Phascolosoma esculenta with a full-length of 1017 bp has been cloned. In this follow-up study, the deducted ferritin protein sequence was predicted to be a polypeptide of 175 amino acids with a molecular mass of 20.1955kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.08. The cDNA sequence of P. esculenta ferritin was constructed into pET system expression system and efficiently expressed in E. coli BL21 under IPTG induction. The recombinant ferritin was detected as a 24 kDa protein by SDS-PAGE. After purification directly from the gel, the recombinant ferritin was used to immunize mice and the anti-serum was prepared. The antibody displayed a strong immunological reactivity and specificity when used in Western-blot analysis. For the first time, our work provided a set of molecular tools essential for the further studies of ferritin protein functions in P. esculenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Su
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China.
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25
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Knockdown of proteins involved in iron metabolism limits tick reproduction and development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:1033-8. [PMID: 19171899 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807961106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are among the most important vectors of a wide range of human and animal diseases. During blood feeding, ticks are exposed to an enormous amount of free iron that must be appropriately used and detoxified. However, the mechanism of iron metabolism in ticks is poorly understood. Here, we show that ticks possess a complex system that efficiently utilizes, stores and transports non-heme iron within the tick body. We have characterized a new secreted ferritin (FER2) and an iron regulatory protein (IRP1) from the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus, and have demonstrated their relationship to a previously described tick intracellular ferritin (FER1). By using RNA interference-mediated gene silencing in the tick, we show that synthesis of FER1, but not of FER2, is subject to IRP1-mediated translational control. Further, we find that depletion of FER2 from the tick plasma leads to a loss of FER1 expression in the salivary glands and ovaries that normally follows blood ingestion. We therefore suggest that secreted FER2 functions as the primary transporter of non-heme iron between the tick gut and the peripheral tissues. Silencing of the fer1, fer2, and irp1 genes by RNAi has an adverse impact on hatching rate and decreases postbloodmeal weight in tick females. Importantly, knockdown of fer2 dramatically impairs the ability of ticks to feed, thus making FER2 a promising candidate for development of an efficient anti-tick vaccine.
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26
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Cerdà J, Bobe J, Babin PJ, Admon A, Lubzens E. Functional Genomics and Proteomic Approaches for the Study of Gamete Formation and Viability in Farmed Finfish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10641260802324685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Ferritins: a family of molecules for iron storage, antioxidation and more. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1790:589-99. [PMID: 18929623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are characterized by highly conserved three-dimensional structures similar to spherical shells, designed to accommodate large amounts of iron in a safe, soluble and bioavailable form. They can have different architectures with 12 or 24 equivalent or non-equivalent subunits, all surrounding a large cavity. All ferritins readily interact with Fe(II) to induce its oxidation and deposition in the cavity in a mineral form, in a reaction that is catalyzed by a ferroxidase center. This is an anti-oxidant activity that consumes Fe(II) and peroxides, the reagents that produce toxic free radicals in the Fenton reaction. The mechanism of ferritin iron incorporation has been characterized in detail, while that of iron release and recycling has been less thoroughly studied. Generally ferritin expression is regulated by iron and by oxidative damage, and in vertebrates it has a central role in the control of cellular iron homeostasis. Ferritin is mostly cytosolic but is found also in mammalian mitochondria and nuclei, in plant plastids and is secreted in insects. In vertebrates the cytosolic ferritins are composed of H and L subunit types and their assembly in a tissues specific ratio that permits flexibility to adapt to cell needs. The H-ferritin can translocate to the nuclei in some cell types to protect DNA from iron toxicity, or can be actively secreted, accomplishing various functions. The mitochondrial ferritin is found in mammals, it has a restricted tissue distribution and it seems to protect the mitochondria from iron toxicity and oxidative damage. The various functions attributed to the cytosolic, nuclear, secretory and mitochondrial ferritins are discussed.
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Transcriptional regulation of ferritin mRNA levels by iron in the freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:320-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Identification and expression of a ferritin homolog in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri: Evidence for its dual role in immune response and iron metabolism. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 150:263-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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De Zoysa M, Lee J. Two ferritin subunits from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus): cloning, characterization and expression analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 23:624-35. [PMID: 17442591 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin plays a key role in cellular iron metabolism, which includes iron storage and detoxification. From disk abalone, Haliotis discus discus, the cDNA that encodes the two ferritin subunits abalone ferritin subunit 1 (Abf1) and abalone ferritin subunit 2 (Abf2) were cloned. The complete cDNA coding sequences for Abf1 and Abf2 contained 621 and 549 bp, encoding for 207 and 183 amino acid residues, respectively. The H. discus discus Abf2 subunit contained a highly conserved motif for the ferroxidase center, which consists of seven residues of a typical vertebrate heavy-chain ferritin with a typical stem-loop structure. Abf2 mRNA contains a 27 bp iron-responsive element (IRE) in the 5'UTR position. This IRE exhibited 96% similarity with pearl and Pacific oyster and 67% similarity with human H type IREs. However, the Abf1 subunit had neither ferroxidase center residues nor the IRE motif sequence; instead, it contained iron-binding region signature 2 (IBRS) residues. Recombinant Abf1 and Abf2 proteins were purified and the respective sizes were about 24 and 21 kDa. Abf1 and Abf2 exhibited iron-chelating activity 44.2% and 22.0%, respectively, at protein concentration of 6 microg/ml. Analysis of tissue-specific expression by RT-PCR revealed that Abf1 and Abf2 ferritin mRNAs were expressed in various abalone tissues, such as gill, mantle, gonad, foot and digestive tract in a wide distribution profile, but Abf2 expression was more prominent than Abf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahanama De Zoysa
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, College of Ocean Science, Cheju National University, 66 Jejudaehakno, Ara-dong, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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31
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Abstract
An RNA hairpin structure referred to as the iron-responsive element (IRE) and iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are key players in the control of iron metabolism in animal cells. They regulate translation initiation or mRNA stability, and the IRE is found in a variety of mRNAs, such as those encoding ferritin, transferrin receptor (Tfr), erythroid aminolevulinic acid synthase (eALAS), mitochondrial aconitase (mACO), ferroportin, and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). We have studied the evolution of the IRE by considering all mRNAs previously known to be associated with this structure and by computationally examining its occurrence in a large variety of eukaryotic organisms. More than 100 novel sequences together with approximately 50 IREs that were previously reported resulted in a comprehensive view of the phylogenetic distribution of this element. A comparison of the different mRNAs shows that the IREs of eALAS and mACO are found in chordates, those of ferroportin and Tfr1 are found in vertebrates, and the IRE of DMT1 is confined to mammals. In contrast, the IRE of ferritin occurs in a majority of metazoa including lower metazoa such as sponges and Nematostella (sea anemone). These findings suggest that the ferritin IRE represents the ancestral version of this type of translational control and that during the evolution of higher animals the IRE structure was adopted by other genes. On the basis of primary sequence comparison between different organisms, we suggest that some of these IREs developed by "convergent evolution" through stepwise changes in sequence, rather than by recombination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Piccinelli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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Lockyer AE, Spinks J, Noble LR, Rollinson D, Jones CS. Identification of genes involved in interactions between Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni by suppression subtractive hybridization. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2006; 151:18-27. [PMID: 17081633 PMCID: PMC1852639 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate snail host for Schistosoma mansoni, a medically important schistosome. In order to identify transcripts involved in snail-schistosome interactions, subtractive cDNA libraries were prepared, using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) between a parasite-exposed schistosome-resistant and a susceptible strain of B. glabrata, and also between schistosome-exposed and unexposed snails from the resistant snail line. Separate libraries were made from both haemocytes and the haemopoietic organ. Subtraction was performed in both directions enriching for cDNAs differentially expressed between parasite-exposed resistant and susceptible samples and up or down-regulated in the resistant line after challenge. The resulting eight libraries were screened and eight genes, differentially expressed between the haemocytes of resistant and susceptible snail strains, were identified and confirmed with reverse transcriptase PCR, including two transcripts expected to be involved in the stress response mechanism for regulating the damaging oxidative burst pathways involved in cytotoxic killing of the parasite: the iron-storage and immunoregulatory molecule, ferritin, and HtrA2, a serine protease involved in the cellular stress response. Transcripts with elevated levels in the resistant strain, had the same expression patterns in the subtracted libraries and unsubtracted controls; higher levels in exposed resistant snails compared to susceptible ones and down-regulated in exposed compared with unexposed resistant snails. Differential expression of two of the transcripts with no known function from the susceptible strain, was independently confirmed in a repeat exposure experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Lockyer
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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33
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Knoll-Gellida A, André M, Gattegno T, Forgue J, Admon A, Babin PJ. Molecular phenotype of zebrafish ovarian follicle by serial analysis of gene expression and proteomic profiling, and comparison with the transcriptomes of other animals. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:46. [PMID: 16526958 PMCID: PMC1488847 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of an oocyte to develop into a viable embryo depends on the accumulation of specific maternal information and molecules, such as RNAs and proteins. A serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was carried out in parallel with proteomic analysis on fully-grown ovarian follicles from zebrafish (Danio rerio). The data obtained were compared with ovary/follicle/egg molecular phenotypes of other animals, published or available in public sequence databases. RESULTS Sequencing of 27,486 SAGE tags identified 11,399 different ones, including 3,329 tags with an occurrence superior to one. Fifty-eight genes were expressed at over 0.15% of the total population and represented 17.34% of the mRNA population identified. The three most expressed transcripts were a rhamnose-binding lectin, beta-actin 2, and a transcribed locus similar to the H2B histone family. Comparison with the large-scale expressed sequence tags sequencing approach revealed highly expressed transcripts that were not previously known to be expressed at high levels in fish ovaries, like the short-sized polarized metallothionein 2 transcript. A higher sensitivity for the detection of transcripts with a characterized maternal genetic contribution was also demonstrated compared to large-scale sequencing of cDNA libraries. Ferritin heavy polypeptide 1, heat shock protein 90-beta, lactate dehydrogenase B4, beta-actin isoforms, tubulin beta 2, ATP synthase subunit 9, together with 40 S ribosomal protein S27a, were common highly-expressed transcripts of vertebrate ovary/unfertilized egg. Comparison of transcriptome and proteome data revealed that transcript levels provide little predictive value with respect to the extent of protein abundance. All the proteins identified by proteomic analysis of fully-grown zebrafish follicles had at least one transcript counterpart, with two exceptions: eosinophil chemotactic cytokine and nothepsin. CONCLUSION This study provides a complete sequence data set of maternal mRNA stored in zebrafish germ cells at the end of oogenesis. This catalogue contains highly-expressed transcripts that are part of a vertebrate ovarian expressed gene signature. Comparison of transcriptome and proteome data identified downregulated transcripts or proteins potentially incorporated in the oocyte by endocytosis. The molecular phenotype described provides groundwork for future experimental approaches aimed at identifying functionally important stored maternal transcripts and proteins involved in oogenesis and early stages of embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Knoll-Gellida
- Génomique et Physiologie des Poissons, UMR NUAGE, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Michèle André
- Génomique et Physiologie des Poissons, UMR NUAGE, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Tamar Gattegno
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jean Forgue
- Génomique et Physiologie des Poissons, UMR NUAGE, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Génomique et Physiologie des Poissons, UMR NUAGE, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence cedex, France
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Aegerter S, Jalabert B, Bobe J. Large scale real-time PCR analysis of mRNA abundance in rainbow trout eggs in relationship with egg quality and post-ovulatory ageing. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 72:377-85. [PMID: 16075464 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA levels of 39 target genes were monitored in unfertilized eggs of 14 rainbow trout sampled the day of ovulation and again 5, 14, and 21 days later. For all 56 collected egg batches, an egg sample was fertilized to estimate egg quality by monitoring embryonic development. Remaining eggs were used for RNA extraction and subsequent real-time PCR analysis. A significant drop of egg quality was observed when eggs were held in the body cavity for 14 or 21 days post-ovulation (dpo). During the same period, eight transcripts (nucleoplasmin or Npm2, ferritin H, tubulin beta, JNK1, cyclin A1, cyclin A2, cathepsin Z, and IGF2) exhibited a differential abundance at one or several collection time(s). Interestingly, we observed higher levels of cyclins A1 and A2 mRNAs in eggs taken 5 days post-ovulation than in eggs taken, from the same females, at the time of ovulation. In addition, seven transcripts exhibited a differential abundance between low quality and high quality eggs. Low quality eggs were characterized by lower levels of Npm2, tubulin beta, and IGF1 transcripts. In contrast, keratins 8 and 18, cathepsin Z, and prostaglandin synthase 2 were more abundant in low quality eggs than in high quality eggs. In this study, we have demonstrated differences in mRNA levels in the rainbow trout egg that are reflective of developmental competence differences induced by post-ovulatory ageing. The putative role of these transcripts in post-ovulatory ageing-induced egg quality defects is discussed with special attention for corresponding cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Aegerter
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, SCRIBE, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes Cedex, France
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35
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Qiu L, Gao JR, Clark JM. Sequencing and characterization of a cDNA encoding a ferritin subunit of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 60:140-50. [PMID: 16235258 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A differentially expressed cDNA fragment (P311) from Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was identified by restriction fragment differential display-polymerase chain reaction (RFDD-PCR) technique, and showed a strong similarity to ferritin heavy chain subunits of other organisms. Based on P311, we constructed specific primers and obtained a 840-bp cDNA fragment spanning the open reading frame of CPB ferritin subunit using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The sequence encodes 213 amino acid residues, including a 19 amino acid signal peptide. The sequence has a conserved cysteine in the N-terminus and has the seven conserved residues that comprise the ferroxidase center, which is the feature of heavy chain ferritins of vertebrates. The CPB ferritin subunit has high amino acid sequence identity with the Apriona germari (69.3%), Galleria mellonela (54.5%), Manduca sexta (54.0%), Drosophila melanogaster (53.2%), Calpodes ethlius (51.4%), and Nilaparvata lugens (47.6%) but lower identity with the Anopheles gambiae (38.7%) and Aedes aegypti (37.8%). Using Northern blot analysis, the subunit mRNA was identified from fat body and midgut of 4th instars with much higher mRNA levels found in midgut than that in fat body (2.5-fold). Nevertheless, only the levels of mRNA in fat body was induced by dexamethasone (1.5-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Qiu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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36
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Durand JP, Goudard F, Pieri J, Escoubas JM, Schreiber N, Cadoret JP. Crassostrea gigas ferritin: cDNA sequence analysis for two heavy chain type subunits and protein purification. Gene 2004; 338:187-95. [PMID: 15315822 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin has been shown as being the principal iron storage in the majority of living organisms. In marine species, ferritin is also involved in high-level accumulation of (210)Po. As part of our work on the investigation of these radionuclides' concentration in natural environment, ferritin was searched at the gene and protein level. Ferritin was purified from the visceral mass of the oyster Crassostrea gigas by ion-exchange chromatography and HPLC. SDS-PAGE revealed one band of 20 kDa. An Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) library was screened and led to the identification of two complementary DNA (cDNA) involved in ferritin subunit expression. The complete coding sequences and the untranslated regions (UTRs) of the two genes were obtained and a 5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) was used to obtain the two iron-responsive elements (IREs) with the predicted stem-loop structures usually present in the 5'-UTR of ferritin mRNA. Sequence alignment in amino acid of the two new cDNA showed an identity with Pinctada fucata (85.4-88.3%), Lymnaea stagnalis (79.3-82.2%) and Helix pomatia (79.1-79.1%). The residues responsible for the ferroxidase center, conserved in all vertebrate H-ferritins, are present in the two oyster ferritin subunits. Oyster ferritins do not present the special characteristics of other invertebrate ferritins like insect ferritins but have some functional similarities with the vertebrate H chains ferritin.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Blotting, Northern
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Ferritins/chemistry
- Ferritins/genetics
- Ferritins/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Iron-Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Ostreidae/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Protein Subunits/chemistry
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Durand
- GERMETRAD, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Radiobiochimie, SMAB UPRES EA 2160, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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37
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Larade K, Storey KB. Accumulation and translation of ferritin heavy chain transcripts following anoxia exposure in a marine invertebrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 207:1353-60. [PMID: 15010486 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Differential screening of a Littorina littorea (the common periwinkle) cDNA library identified ferritin heavy chain as an anoxia-induced gene in hepatopancreas. Northern blots showed that ferritin heavy chain transcript levels were elevated twofold during anoxia exposure, although nuclear run-off assays demonstrated that ferritin heavy chain mRNAs were not transcriptionally upregulated during anoxia. Polysome analysis indicated that existing ferritin transcripts were actively translated during the anoxic period. This result was confirmed via western blotting, which demonstrated a twofold increase in ferritin heavy chain protein levels during anoxia, with a subsequent decrease to control levels during normoxic recovery. Organ culture experiments using hepatopancreas slices demonstrated a >50% increase in ferritin heavy chain transcript levels in vitro under conditions of anoxia and freezing, as well as after incubation with the second messenger cGMP. Taken together, these results suggest that ferritin heavy chain is actively regulated during anoxia exposure in the marine snail, L. littorea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Larade
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
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38
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Marin F, de Groot K, Westbroek P. Screening molluscan cDNA expression libraries with anti-shell matrix antibodies. Protein Expr Purif 2003; 30:246-52. [PMID: 12880774 DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5928(03)00105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous paper [Marin et al., Protein Expr. Purif. 23 (2001) 175], we showed that polyclonal antibodies raised against molluscan shell matrices could be useful tools for visualizing shell proteins after a preparative fractionation of the shell matrix. In this paper, we have used the same antibodies for screening a cDNA library constructed from mantle tissues of the nacro-prismatic bivalve Pinna nobilis. The immunoscreening led to the identification of a new protein, mucoperlin [Marin et al., J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 20667], which was subsequently overexpressed. A polyclonal antibody was obtained from the recombinant mucoperlin. In a control assay, we unambiguously demonstrated that this antibody and one of the sera used for the initial screening hybridize with the same clones. We assess that screening cDNA libraries with antibodies elicited against unfractionated calcifying matrices is a good alternative to oligonucleotide screening techniques, particularly in the field of molluscan biomineralization where only few gene sequences are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Marin
- IsoTis NV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, Gebouw D 3723, MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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39
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Zhang Y, Meng Q, Jiang T, Wang H, Xie L, Zhang R. A novel ferritin subunit involved in shell formation from the pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 135:43-54. [PMID: 12781972 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron is one of the most important minor elements in the shell of bivalves. This study was designed to investigate the involvement of ferritin, the principal protein for iron storage, in shell formation. A novel ferritin cDNA from the pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) was isolated and characterized. The ferritin cDNA encodes a 206 amino acid polypeptide, which shares high similarity with snail soma ferritin and the H-chains of mammalian ferritins. Oyster ferritin mRNA shows the highest level of expression in the mantle, the organ for shell formation. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that oyster ferritin mRNA is expressed at the highest level at the mantle fold, a region essential for metal accumulation and contributes to metal incorporation into the shell. Taken together, these results suggest that ferritin is involved in shell formation by iron storage. The identification and characterization of oyster ferritin also helps to further understand the structural and functional properties of molluscan ferritins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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Kopácek P, Zdychová J, Yoshiga T, Weise C, Rudenko N, Law JH. Molecular cloning, expression and isolation of ferritins from two tick species--Ornithodoros moubata and Ixodes ricinus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 33:103-113. [PMID: 12459205 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding ferritins were isolated and cloned from cDNA libraries of hard tick Ixodes ricinus and soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. Both tick ferritins are composed of 172 amino-acid residues and their calculated mass is 19,667.2 Da and 19,974.5 Da for I. ricinus and O. moubata, respectively. The sequences of both proteins are closely related to each other as well as to the ferritin from another tick species Dermacentor variabilis (>84% similarity). The proteins contain the conserved motifs for ferroxidase center typical for heavy chains of vertebrate ferritins. The stem-loop structure of a putative iron responsive element was found in the 5' untranslated region of ferritin mRNA of both ticks. Antibodies against fusion ferritin from O. moubata were raised in a rabbit and used to monitor the purification of a small amount of ferritins from both tick species. The authenticity of ferritin purified from O. moubata was confirmed by mass-fingerprinting analysis. In the native state, the tick ferritins are apparently larger (~500 kDa) than horse spleen ferritin (440 kDa). On SDS-PAGE tick ferritins migrate as a single band of about 21 kDa. These results suggest that tick ferritins are homo-oligomers of 24 identical subunits of heavy-chain type. The Northern blot analysis revealed that O. moubata ferritin mRNA level is likely not up-regulated after ingestion of a blood meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kopácek
- Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovská 31, 370 05, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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41
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Kim TY, Joo IJ, Kang SY, Cho SY, Hong SJ. Paragonimus westermani: molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a recombinant yolk ferritin. Exp Parasitol 2002; 102:194-200. [PMID: 12856317 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4894(03)00057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is an intracellular protein involved in iron metabolism. A cDNA PwYF-1 cloned from the adult Paragonimus westermani cDNA library encoded a putative polypeptide of 216 amino acids homologous with ferritins of vertebrates and invertebrates. Febinding motifs identified in PwYF-1 polypeptide were conserved and predicted to form a ferroxidase center. PwYF-1 polypeptide contained an extended peptide of 45 amino acids at its C-terminus. Recombinant PwYF-1 protein, expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, showed iron-uptake ability and ferroxidase activity. Ferroxidase activity of recombinant PwYF-1 protein was reactivated by secondary addition of apotransferrin to assay mixture. Mouse immune serum raised against the recombinant PwYF-1 protein recognized specifically 24 kDa protein from adult P. westermani lysate. PwYF-1 protein was localized to vitelline follicles and the eggs of P. westermani. Collectively, PwYF-1 protein was identified as a P. westermani yolk ferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yun Kim
- Department of Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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42
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Beck G, Ellis TW, Habicht GS, Schluter SF, Marchalonis JJ. Evolution of the acute phase response: iron release by echinoderm (Asterias forbesi) coelomocytes, and cloning of an echinoderm ferritin molecule. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 26:11-26. [PMID: 11687259 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(01)00051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
That the plasma concentration of certain divalent cations change during an inflammatory insult provides a major host defense response in vertebrate animals. This study was designed to investigate the involvement of iron sequestration in invertebrate immune responses. A ferritin molecule was cloned from an echinoderm coelomocyte cDNA library. The amino acid sequence showed sequence homology with vertebrate ferritin. The cDNA contained a conserved iron responsive element sequence. Studies showed that stimulated coelomocytes released iron into in vitro culture supernatants. The amount of iron in the supernatants decreased over time when the amebocytes were stimulated with LPS or PMA. Coelomocytes increased expression of ferritin mRNA after stimulation. In vertebrates, cytokines can cause changes in iron levels in macrophages. Similarly, echinoderm macrokines produced decreases in iron levels in coelomocyte supernatant fluids. These results suggest that echinoderm ferritin is an acute phase protein and suggest that sequestration of iron is an ancient host defense response in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Beck
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusets at Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, ., Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA.
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43
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Abstract
Like other organisms, insects must balance two properties of ionic iron, that of an essential nutrient and a potent toxin. Iron must be acquired to provide catalysis for oxidative metabolism, but it must be controlled to avoid destructive oxidative reactions. Insects have evolved distinctive forms of the serum iron transport protein, transferrin, and the storage protein, ferritin. These proteins may serve different functions in insects than they do in other organisms. A form of translational control of protein synthesis by iron in insects is similar to that of vertebrates. The Drosophila melanogaster genome contains many genes that may encode other proteins involved in iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Nichol
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Arizona, Shantz 309, P.O. Box 210038, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0038, USA.
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Zhang D, Albert DW, Kohlhepp P, D-Pham DQ, Winzerling JJ. Repression of Manduca sexta ferritin synthesis by IRP1/IRE interaction. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 10:531-539. [PMID: 11903622 DOI: 10.1046/j.0962-1075.2001.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian ferritin subunit synthesis is controlled at the translational level by the iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1)/iron responsive element (IRE) interaction. Insect haemolymph ferritin subunit messages have an IRE in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). We have shown that recombinant M. sexta IRP1 represses the in vitro translation of both the heavy and light chain ferritin subunits from this species without altering transcription. Deletion of either the 5'-UTR or the IRE from the mRNA abolishes IRP1 repression. Our studies indicated that the translational control of ferritin synthesis by IRP/IRE interaction could occur in insects in a manner similar to that of mammals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the control of insect ferritin synthesis by IRP1/IRE interaction. Furthermore, this is the first indication that the synthesis of a secreted ferritin subunit can also be controlled in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Center of Insect Science, University of Arizona, Shantz 309, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038, USA
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Xie M, Hermann A, Richter K, Engel E, Kerschbaum HH. Nitric oxide up-regulates ferritin mRNA level in snail neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 13:1479-86. [PMID: 11328343 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We cloned and sequenced the ferric ion-binding protein, ferritin, from the nervous system of the pulmonate snail, Helix pomatia. Helix H-ferritin cDNA contains a 519-bp open reading frame (ORF) and predicts an iron-responsive element (IRE) at the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the ferritin mRNA. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed 86% similarity with Lymnaea stagnalis ferritin and about 70% similarity with vertebrate H-ferritin. While secreted ferritin isoforms contain a signalling sequence at their N-terminal end, Helix ferritin does not contain this sorting signal indicating that it is restricted to the cytoplasm. The amino acid ligands at positions Glu25, Tyr30, Glu59, Glu60, His63, Glu105 and Gln139 indicate an active ferroxidase site in Helix ferritin. In situ hybridization visualized ferritin mRNA in neuronal cell bodies but not in the neuropil. In contrast, ferritin-immunoreactive protein was localized in cell bodies and neurites. We further demonstrate that the NO donors S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), or hydroxylamine (HA), increase the intracellular ferritin mRNA level by about 55%. In conclusion, our findings show that Helix neurons express an intracellular H-ferritin isoform and suggest that iron and NO metabolism are coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xie
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology & Cellular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Du J, Foissac X, Carss A, Gatehouse AM, Gatehouse JA. Ferritin acts as the most abundant binding protein for snowdrop lectin in the midgut of rice brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 30:297-305. [PMID: 10727896 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(99)00130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mannose-specific snowdrop lectin [Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)] displays toxicity to the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. A 26kDa GNA-binding polypeptide from N. lugens midgut was identified by lectin blotting and affinity chromatography, and characterized by N-terminal sequencing. This polypeptide is the most abundant binding protein for GNA in the N. lugens midgut. A cDNA (fersub2) encoding this protein was isolated from an N. lugens cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence shows significant homology to ferritin subunits from Manduca sexta and other arthropods, plants and vertebrates, and contains a putative N-glycosylation site. Native ferritin was purified from whole insects as a protein of more than 400kDa in size and characterized biochemically. Three subunits of 20, 26 and 27kDa were released from the native complex. The 26kDa subunit binds GNA, and its N-terminal sequence was identical to that of fersub2. A second cDNA (fersub1), exhibiting strong homology with dipteran ferritin, was identified as an abundant cDNA in an N. lugens midgut-specific cDNA library, and could encode the larger ferritin subunit. The fersub1 cDNA carries a stem-loop structure (iron-responsive element) upstream from the start codon, similar to structures that have been shown to play a role in the control of ferritin synthesis in other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, UK.
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Abstract
The organization of two closely clustered genes, Fer1HCH and Fer2LCH, encoding the heavy-chain homolog (HCH) and the light-chain homolog (LCH) subunits of Drosophila melanogaster ferritin are reported here. The 5019-bp sequence of the cluster was assembled from genomic fragments obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA and from sequences obtained from the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) (http://www.fruitfly.org). These genes, located at position 99F1, have different exon-intron structures (Fer1HCH has three introns and Fer2LCH has two introns) and are divergently transcribed. Computer analysis of the possibly shared promoter regions revealed the presence of putative metal regulatory elements (MREs), a finding consistent with the upregulation of these genes by iron, and putative NF-kappaB-like binding sites. The structure of two other invertebrate ferritin genes, from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (located on chromosomes I and V), was also analyzed. Both nematode genes have two introns, lack iron-responsive elements (IREs), and encode ferritin subunits similar to vertebrate H chains. These findings, along with comparisons of ferritin genes from invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants, suggest that the specialization of ferritin H and L type chains, the complex exon-intron organization of plant and vertebrate genes, and the use of the IRE/iron regulatory protein (IRP) mechanism for regulation of ferritin synthesis are recent evolutionary acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Dunkov
- Department of Biochemistry and the Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tuscon 85721, USA.
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Zinovieva RD, Piatigorsky J, Tomarev SI. O-Crystallin, arginine kinase and ferritin from the octopus lens. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1431:512-7. [PMID: 10350626 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three proteins have been identified in the eye lens of the octopus, Octopus dofleini. A 22 kDa protein comprising 3-5% of the soluble protein of the lens is 35-43% identical to a family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins of vertebrates. Other members of this family include the immunodominant antigen of the filarial parasite, Onchocerca volvulus, putative odorant-binding proteins of Drosophila and a protein with unknown function of Caenorhabditis elegans. We have called this protein O-crystallin on the basis of its abundance in the transparent lens. O-Crystallin mRNA was detected only in the lens. Two tryptic peptides of another octopus lens protein, less abundant than O-crystallin, showed 80% identity to arginine kinase of invertebrates, a relative of creatine kinase of vertebrates. Finally, ferritin cDNA was isolated as an abundant cDNA from the octopus lens library. Northern blots showed that ferritin mRNA is not lens-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Zinovieva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Bldg. 6, Room 2A04, 6 Center Dr. MSC 2730, Bethesda, MD 20892-2730, USA
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Huang TS, Melefors O, Lind MI, Söderhäll K. An atypical iron-responsive element (IRE) within crayfish ferritin mRNA and an iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1)-like protein from crayfish hepatopancreas. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1999; 29:1-9. [PMID: 10070739 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(98)00097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A putative crayfish iron-responsive element (IRE) is present in the 5'-untranslated region of the crayfish ferritin mRNA. The putative crayfish IRE is in a cap-proximal position and shares most of the structural features of the consensus IRE, but the RNA stem-loop structure contains a bulge of a guanine instead of a cytosine at the expected position, so far thought to be a hallmark of IREs. By using an electromobility shift assay this IRE was shown to specifically bind purified recombinant human iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) as well as a factor(s) present in a homogenate of crayfish hepatopancreas, likely to be a crayfish IRP1 homologue. With mutations in the crayfish IRE, the affinity of IRP to IRE was drastically decreased. A cDNA encoding an IRP1-like protein was cloned from the hepatopancreas of crayfish. This protein has sequence similarities to IRP, and contains all the active-site residues of aconitase, two putative RNA-binding regions and a putative contact site between RNA and IRP. These results show that a crayfish IRE, lacking the bulged C, can bind IRP1 in vitro and that an IRP1-like protein present in crayfish hepatopancreas may have both aconitase and RNA-binding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Huang
- Department of Physiological Mycology, University of Uppsala, Sweden
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Lind MI, Ekengren S, Melefors O, Söderhäll K. Drosophila ferritin mRNA: alternative RNA splicing regulates the presence of the iron-responsive element. FEBS Lett 1998; 436:476-82. [PMID: 9801172 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several mRNAs encoding the same ferritin subunit of Drosophila melanogaster were identified. Alternative RNA splicing and utilisation of different polyadenylation sites were found to generate the transcripts. The alternative RNA splicing results in ferritin transcripts with four unique 5' untranslated regions. Only one of them contains an iron-responsive element. The iron-responsive element was found to bind in vitro specifically to human recombinant iron regulatory protein 1. Furthermore, the ferritin subunit mRNAs are differentially expressed during development. Our data provides the first molecular evidence that the presence of iron-responsive element in a ferritin mRNA is regulated by alternative RNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lind
- Department of Physiological Mycology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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