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Monageng E, Offor U, Takalani NB, Mohlala K, Opuwari CS. A Review on the Impact of Oxidative Stress and Medicinal Plants on Leydig Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1559. [PMID: 37627554 PMCID: PMC10451682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells are essential for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular antioxidant level brings about oxidative stress. Oxidative stress (OS) results in the dysfunction of Leydig cells, thereby impairing steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and ultimately, male infertility. To prevent Leydig cells from oxidative insults, there needs to be a balance between the ROS production and the cellular protective capacity of antioxidants. Evidence indicates that medicinal plants could improve Leydig cell function at specific concentrations under basal or OS conditions. The increased usage of medicinal plants has been considered a possible alternative treatment for male infertility. This review aims to provide an overview of the impact of oxidative stress on Leydig cells as well as the effects of various medicinal plant extracts on TM3 Leydig cells. The medicinal plants of interest include Aspalathus linearis, Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Morinda officinale, Taraxacum officinale, Trichilia emetica, Terminalia sambesiaca, Peltophorum africanum, Ximenia caffra, Serenoa repens, Zingiber officinale, Eugenia jambolana, and a combination of dandelion and fermented rooibos (CRS-10). According to the findings obtained from studies conducted on the evaluated medicinal plants, it can, therefore, be concluded that the medicinal plants maintain the antioxidant profile of Leydig cells under basal conditions and have protective or restorative effects following exposure to oxidative stress. The available data suggest that the protective role exhibited by the evaluated plants may be attributed to their antioxidant content. Additionally, the use of the optimal dosage or concentration of the extracts in the management of oxidative stress is of the utmost importance, and the measurement of their oxidation reduction potential is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monageng
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Ugochukwu Offor
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuho Beauty Takalani
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Kutullo Mohlala
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Chinyerum Sylvia Opuwari
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Aksoy N, Sen E, Sukmasari S, Özakpınar ÖB, Arıcıoğlu F, Yücel YY, Dumlu MR, Doolaanea AA, AbdulRahman MN, Olgac V, Bozkan P, Ozen B. Investigation of the protective effect of gel incorporating Eugenia jambolana leaf extract on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis: an animal study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2153-2162. [PMID: 35622166 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to evaluate the possible preventive effect of two concentrations (3 and 5% w/w) of Eugenia jambolana (EJ) extract against 5-FU-induced mucositis. METHOD Sixteen adult rats were separated into four groups: two control and two preventive groups. Animals in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg/day of 5-FU on Day 1 followed by 150 mg/kg/day on Day 5. The rats in Group 4 (negative control) were given physiological saline at the same times and doses. Furthermore, on the fifth day of the study, the cheek and sublingual mucosa were irritated by external superficial scratches using the tip of an 18-G needle, followed by the application 15 µL of 20% acetic acid, after which 3 and 5% EJ w/w gels were applied topically for animals in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. RESULTS The weight and the mucositis scores were recorded. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers and biochemical tests were analyzed. Significant differences were found between the study groups in weight loss, clinical mucositis scores, mortality rates, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION The preventive effect of 3% gel was significant, with no mortality rate, making it an option for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Aksoy
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Altınbaş University, Zuhuratbaba, Incirli Cd. No:11-A, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emine Sen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Susi Sukmasari
- Pediatric Dentistry Department and Dental Public Health Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Feyze Arıcıoğlu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yücel Yücel
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Rıdvan Dumlu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Vakur Olgac
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Tumor Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pırıl Bozkan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bugra Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fadel F, Al-Kandari N, Khashab F, Al-Saleh F, Al-Maghrebi M. JNK inhibition alleviates oxidative DNA damage, germ cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in testicular ischemia reperfusion injury. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:891-900. [PMID: 32662511 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is a regulator of oxidative DNA damage, germ cell apoptosis (GCA), and mitochondrial dysfunction during testicular ischemia reperfusion injury (tIRI) using the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 36) were equally divided into three groups: sham, tIRI only, and tIRI + SP600125 (15 mg/kg). Testicular ischemia was induced for 1 h followed by 4 h of reperfusion prior to animal sacrifice. Spermatogenesis was evaluated by light microscopy, while expression of oxidative stress and GCA-related mRNAs and proteins were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and colorimetric assays, respectively. Expressions of JNK, p53, and survivin were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction were examined by western blot analysis and colorimetric assay. In comparison to sham, the tIRI testes showed a significant increase in lipid and protein oxidation products. Oxidative DNA damage was reflected by a significant increase in the number of DNA strand breaks, increased concentration of 8-OHdG, and elevated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. Spermatogenic damage was associated with the activation of caspase 3 and elevated Bax to Bcl2 ratio. This was also accompanied by a significantly heightened IF expression of the phosphorylated forms of JNK and p53 paralled with the suppression of survivin. Mitochondrial dysfunction was reflected by NAD+ depletion, overexpression of uncoupling protein 2, and increased level of cytochrome c. Such tIRI-induced modulations were all attenuated by SP600125 treatment prior to reperfusion. In conclusion, JNK signaling regulates oxidative DNA damage, GCA, and mitochondrial dysfunction through activation of p53 and suppression of survivin during tIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah Fadel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah 13110, Kuwait
| | - Nora Al-Kandari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah 13110, Kuwait
| | - Farah Khashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah 13110, Kuwait
| | - Farah Al-Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah 13110, Kuwait
| | - May Al-Maghrebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriyah 13110, Kuwait
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Huo L, Su Y, Xu G, Zhai L, Zhao J. Sulforaphane Protects the Male Reproductive System of Mice from Obesity-Induced Damage: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193759. [PMID: 31591291 PMCID: PMC6801769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has grown rapidly worldwide, thus causing many diseases, including male hypogonadism. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate compound, has been reported to protect the reproductive system. This research investigated the protective effect of SFN against obesity-induced impairment in the male reproductive system and explored the potential mechanism involved in mice. (2) Methods: One hundred thirty mice were divided into 5 groups (Control, DIO (diet-induced obesity), DIO + SFN 5 mg/kg, DIO + SFN 10 mg/kg, and DIO + SFN 20 mg/kg). The effects of SFN on the male reproductive system were determined based on the sperm count and motility, relative testes and epididymis weights, hormone levels, and pathological analyses. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), H2O2, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels. Protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and P62 were determined by western blotting. (3) Results: High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity significantly decreased relative testes and epididymis weights, sperm count and motility, and testosterone levels but increased leptin and estradiol levels. SFN supplementation ameliorated these effects. Additionally, SFN administration inhibited the obesity-induced MDA accumulation and increased the SOD level. Western blot indicated that SFN had an important role in the downregulation of Keap1. Moreover, SFN treatment attenuated obesity-induced autophagy, as detected by LC3 and Beclin1. (4) Conclusions: SFN ameliorated the reproductive toxicity associated with obesity by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated by the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2/ antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway and recovery of normal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Gaoyang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhao J, Ren S, Liu C, Huo L, Liu Z, Zhai L. Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Increases Obesity-Induced Damage to the Male Reproductive System in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1861984. [PMID: 29887939 PMCID: PMC5985081 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1861984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and obesity on male reproductive organ function in male mice and the potential mechanism of male secondary hypogonadism (SH) in such mice. METHODS 140 mice were assigned to six groups for 12 weeks: normal, DEHP, DIO, DIO + DEHP low, DIO + DEHP middle, and DIO + DEHP high. The effects of DEHP and obesity upon the reproductive organs were determined by measuring sperm count and motility, relative testis and epididymis weight, hormone level, and pathological changes. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining malondialdehyde, T-AOC, SOD, GSH, H2O2, CAT, and GSH-PX in testicular tissues. Nrf2 and Keap1 protein were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS DEHP and obesity reduced sperm count and motility, relative testis and epididymis weight, and testosterone level but increased the levels of MDA, H2O2, leptin, and estradiol. Pathological injury was observed in the testicular Leydig cells. Moreover, the activity of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px enzymes was inhibited. Nrf2 protein expression was reduced but that of Keap1 was increased. CONCLUSIONS DEHP and obesity jointly caused damage to male productive function. Oxidative stress in testicular tissue, and a high level of leptin, may provide some evidence to clarify the mechanisms of male SH with DEHP and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shi Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Liaoning Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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Lu WP, Mei XT, Wang Y, Zheng YP, Xue YF, Xu DH. Zn(II)-curcumin protects against oxidative stress, deleterious changes in sperm parameters and histological alterations in a male mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:515-524. [PMID: 25681702 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The poor bioavailability and stability of curcumin limit its clinical application. A novel Zn(II)-curcumin complex was synthesized and its effects against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced reproductive damage were compared with curcumin. Oral administration of Zn(II)-curcumin significantly prevented CP-induced elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and reductions in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in mouse testis. Zn(II)-curcumin significantly ameliorated CP-induced reductions in body and reproductive organs weights. Zn(II)-curcumin dose-dependently ameliorated CP-induced reproductive system impairments, by improving sperm parameters (sperm count, viability, motility) and reducing serum testosterone and histological alterations. Compared to curcumin at the same dose, Zn(II)-curcumin more effectively alleviated CP-induced reproductive injury, leading to a reduced severity of testicular pathologic changes, lower MDA level, elevated SOD activity and GSH content, and increased sperm parameters and serum testosterone. These results suggest Zn(II)-curcumin more effectively protects against CP-induced reproductive damage than curcumin alone due to a synergistic reduction in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Lu
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Ting Mei
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zheng
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xue
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Hui Xu
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 Guangdong, China.
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Aydın AF, Çoban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker N. Carnosine and vitamin E - a promising pair in the combat against testicular oxidative stress in aged rats. Andrologia 2014; 47:1131-8. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - J. Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - I. Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Medical Pathology; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - S. Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - M. Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - N. Koçak-Toker
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
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Leptin level and oxidative stress contribute to obesity-induced low testosterone in murine testicular tissue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:190945. [PMID: 24829619 PMCID: PMC4009340 DOI: 10.1155/2014/190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This study evaluated the effects of obesity on the function of reproductive organs in male mice and the possible mechanism of male secondary hypogonadism (SH) in obesity. Methods. Ninety-six mice were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, diet-induced obesity group, and diet-induced obesity resistant group for 8 weeks and 19 weeks. The effects of short- and long-term high-fat diet on the reproductive organs were determined by measuring sperm count and motility, relative testis weight, testosterone level, pathological changes and apoptosis of Leydig cells. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining malondialdehyde, H2O2, NO levels, and GSH in testis tissues. CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and Nrf2 mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. Results. Short- and long-term high-fat diet decreased sperm count and motility, relative testis weight, testosterone level; decreased CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and Nrf2 mRNA expression; increased MDA, H2O2, NO and leptin levels; inhibited the activity of CAT and GSH-Px enzymes. Pathological injury and apoptosis of Leydig cells were found in testis tissue. Conclusions. Pathological damage of Leydig cells, oxidative stress in testis tissue, and high level of leptin may provide some evidence to clarify the mechanisms of male SH in obesity.
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Anand H, Misro MM, Sharma SB, Prakash S. Protective effects of Eugenia jambolana extract versus N-acetyl cysteine against cisplatin-induced damage in rat testis. Andrologia 2014; 47:194-208. [PMID: 24576220 DOI: 10.1111/and.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the protective effects of Eugenia jambolana extract (EJE) or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on testis, cisplatin (CIS, 5 mg kg(-1) bw, single dose) was administered either alone or along with EJE (25 mg kg(-1) bw, alternate day) or NAC (150 mg kg(-1) bw, Day 1 and 4) for 7 days. Significant alterations in serum LH, FSH and testosterone were observed in CIS group which were effectively modulated by EJE or NAC supplementation. Upregulation of 3β-HSD gene indicated the rise in functional Leydig cells. This was further confirmed from the identical improvement in hCG-stimulated testosterone production in isolated Leydig cells. Reduction in oxidative stress was associated with restoration of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels, and activation of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, catalase, glutathione s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). CIS-induced apoptosis of germ and Leydig cells was contained by both NAC and EJE intervention by effective modulation of apoptotic markers in the extrinsic, intrinsic and other pathways of metazoan apoptosis. Taken together, the study findings establish the potential of EJE as a therapeutically better antioxidant than NAC for use in curtailing the adverse effects of anticancer drugs on testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Anand
- Department of Reproductive Biomedicine, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India
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Liu J, Li W, Piao X, Zhang J, Zhang D, Wei N, Hu D, Liu S. Icariside II reduces testosterone production by inducing necrosis in rat Leydig cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 27:243-50. [PMID: 23526545 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that Icariside II (10, 20, and 40 µM) reduced Leydig cell testosterone production and cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining indicated that no morphological changes in Leydig cell nuclear chromatin occurred, caspase-3 expression also showed no significant change, but cell death was caused by the 10-µM Icariside II treatment. Furthermore, a significant reduction in NAD(+) levels was observed following Icariside II exposure (10, 20, and 40 µM). Cell death was avoided when Icariside II treated cells were incubated with extracellular NAD(+) (5 and 10 mM). Moreover, the addition of NAD(+) (5 and 10 mM) could restore ATP production and prevent cell death. The results suggest that Icariside II can reduce testosterone production by inducing necrosis, but not apoptosis, in rat Leydig cells. This mechanism may also account for the Icariside II induced depletion of NAD(+) and ATP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Anand H, Misro MM, Sharma SB, Prakash S. siRNA as a tool to delineate pathway channelization in H2O2 induced apoptosis of primary Leydig cells in vitro. Apoptosis 2012; 17:1131-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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