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Pendones-Ulerio J, Martins-Lopes M, García-Garrote F, Hernández-Calvo P, Yuste-Chaves M, Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre MN. Ringworm by Nannizzia nana: Clinical case and literature review. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:501-504. [PMID: 36931920 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human dermatophytoses are the most widespread infections caused by fungi. These are capable of invading the keratin-containing tissues of animals. Nannizzia nana (N. nana) can cause ringworm in pigs and rarely cause infections in humans. METHODS We conducted a search using PUBMED for articles published from January 1, 1990 to March 31, 2022 to identify additional cases. The search terms used were "Microsporum nanum" and "Nannizzia nana". RESULTS After reviewing the literature, we identified a total of 16 cases of dermatophytosis due to N. nana since 1990. In most of the patients, the clinical diagnosis was tinea corporis and the most widely used antifungals were: terbinafine and griseofulvin. CONCLUSION N. nana is a dermatophyte species isolated infrequently in humans, but it represents a potential source of dermatophytosis in people who come into direct or indirect contact with animals and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Pendones-Ulerio
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Monica Martins-Lopes
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Garrote
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Hernández-Calvo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuela Yuste-Chaves
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Nair SS, Abhishek, Saini S, M S C, Sharun K, V A, Thomas P, Kumar B, Chaturvedi VK. Dermatophytosis caused by Nannizzia nana (Microsporum nanum): a comprehensive review on a novel pathogen. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:509-521. [PMID: 36437438 PMCID: PMC9943922 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinophilic fungi are mostly soil-inhabiting organisms with occasional infections in humans and animals. Even though most dermatophytes are host-adapted, cross-species infections are common by zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. N. nana is considered an etiological agent of ringworm in pigs but has also been isolated from other animals, including humans. However, it also possesses many characteristics of geophilic dermatophytes including the ability to grow in soil. N. nana produces characteristic pear-shaped macroconidia and usually exhibits an ectothrix pattern of hair infection. It has been isolated from dermatitis lesions as well as from soil. N. nana infections in pigs are not of much concern as far as economy or health is concerned. But it has been associated with onychomycosis and gonathritis in humans, which are significant in human medicine. The shift in the predominance of dermatophytes in humans and the ability to evolve into a potential tinea pathogen necessitates more understanding of the physiology and genetics of N. nana. In this review, we have attempted a detailed analysis of the studies about N. nana, emphasizing growth and cultural characters, physiology, isolation, infection in humans and animals, molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
| | - Shubham Saini
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Chandana M S
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Athira V
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Pendones-Ulerio J, Martins-Lopes M, García-Garrote F, Hernández-Calvo P, Yuste-Chaves M, Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre MN. Tiña por Nannizzia nana: caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sharma B, Nonzom S. Superficial mycoses, a matter of concern: Global and Indian scenario-an updated analysis. Mycoses 2021; 64:890-908. [PMID: 33665915 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Superficial mycoses of skin, nails and hair are among the common fungal infections. They are caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte moulds, yeasts and yeast-like fungi. Such fungal infections are widespread all over the world and are predominant in tropical as well as subtropical regions. Environmental factors, such as warm, humid and pitiable hygienic conditions, are conducive for their growth and proliferation. Although it does not cause mortality, it is known to be associated with excessive morbidity which may be psychological or physical. This affects the quality of life of the infected individuals which leads to a negative impact on their occupational, emotional and social status. Such infections are increasing on a global scale and, therefore, are of serious concern worldwide. This review article covers the global and Indian scenario of superficial mycoses taking into account the historical background, aetiological agents, prevalence, cultural and environmental factors, risk factors, pathogenesis and hygienic practices for the prevention of superficial mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Skarma Nonzom
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Dukik K, de Hoog GS, Stielow JB, Freeke J, van den Ende BG, Vicente VA, Menken SBJ, Ahmed SA. Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Nannizzia (Arthrodermataceae). Mycopathologia 2020; 185:9-35. [PMID: 30976955 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic studies of the family Arthrodermataceae have revealed seven monophyletic dermatophyte clades representing the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Nannizzia, Lophophyton, Paraphyton, Microsporum, and Arthroderma. Members of the genus Nannizzia are geo- or zoophiles that occasionally infect humans. With the newly proposed taxonomy, the genus Nannizzia comprises thirteen species, i.e., Nannizzia aenigmatica, N. corniculata, N. duboisii, N. fulva, N. graeserae, N. gypsea, N. nana, N. incurvata, N. perplicata, N. persicolor, N. praecox, and two novel species. Nannizzia polymorpha sp. nov. was isolated from a skin lesion of a patient from French Guiana. For the strain originally described as Microsporum racemosum by Borelli in 1965, we proposed Nannizzia lorica nom. nov. The species are fully characterized with five sequenced loci (ITS, LSU, TUB2, RP 60S L1 and TEF3), combined with morphology of the asexual form and physiological features. A key to the species based on phenotypic and physiological characters is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dukik
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboudumc/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - J Benjamin Stielow
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Landsmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Freeke
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Landsmeer, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vania A Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Steph B J Menken
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Ahmed
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi, Hilversum, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Bonifaz A, Córdoba-García B, Simancas-Llanos T, Hernández MA, Martínez-Herrera E, Tirado-Sánchez A. Dermatophytosis caused by Nannizzia nana in two siblings. Rev Iberoam Micol 2019; 36:30-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Nweze EI, Eke IE. Dermatophytes and dermatophytosis in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. Med Mycol 2018; 56:13-28. [PMID: 28419352 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is currently a disease of global importance and a public health burden. It is caused by dermatophytes, which attack and grow on dead animal keratin. Dermatophytes belong to three genera, namely, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. The predominant clinical forms and causative agents vary from one region of the world to another. Poor socioeconomic status, high population densities, and poor sanitary conditions are some of the factors responsible for the high prevalence of dermatophytosis in many developing countries, which include countries in southern and eastern Africa, the focus of this review. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no review article on published findings on dermatophytosis in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. This information will be of interest to the medical and research community since the world has become a global village. This review covers published research findings in eastern and southern regions of Africa until this date. The countries covered in the current review include Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. T. violaceum is the most common human etiological agent in all the countries under review with prevalence ranging from 56.7% to 95%, except for Madagascar (M. langeronii, reclassified as M. audouinii), Uganda (M. gypseum) and Malawi (M. audouinii). Tinea capitis was the most clinical type, followed by tinea corporis. Etiological agents of animal dermatophytoses were variable in the countries where they were reported. Major risk factors for dermatophytoses are age, climatic, and socioeconomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Nweze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - I E Eke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Hayette MP, Sacheli R. Unusual Species of Dermatophytes: Rarely Identified or New? Mycopathologia 2016; 182:203-213. [PMID: 27640161 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are causing superficial mycosis in animals and humans. Depending on the geophilic, zoophilic or anthropophilic origin of the fungus but also on the immunological status of the patient, symptomatology can widely differ. Nevertheless, each species is currently associated with typical clinical manifestations, even if atypical localizations and/or clinical pictures are sometimes also reported. Diagnostic tools applied to species identification have been changing since the last two decades with the more frequent use of molecular methods currently considered nowadays as reference methods for species identification. It becomes obvious that the algorithm used for the distinction of closely related species needs to combine phenotypic and genomic methods. All these different points are discussed, and the most recent novel species causing or involved in human dermatophytosis are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, National Reference Centre for Mycosis, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine du Sart Tilman B23, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Rosalie Sacheli
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, National Reference Centre for Mycosis, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine du Sart Tilman B23, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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Dermatophytoses in Animals. Mycopathologia 2008; 166:385-405. [PMID: 18478363 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lamilla Yerga A, Rodríguez-Nevado I, Fernández-Recio J, Chaves Álvarez A, de Argila Fernández-Durán D, Garduño Echevarri E. Infección cutánea por Microsporum nanum. Semergen 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1138-3593(07)73868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ranganathan S, Menon T, Balajee SA. Isolation of Microsporum nanum from a patient with tinea corporis in Madras, India. Mycoses 1997; 40:229-30. [PMID: 9476494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microsporum nanum was isolated from a case of tinea corporis in a 16-year-old boy. This is the first recorded case of human ringworm infection caused by M. nanum in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ranganathan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr A. L. M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Tarami, India
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Abstract
Between 1.5% and 2.5% of the population in Karonga District, northern Malawi (Africa), were diagnosed as having tinea faciei, corporis, inguinalis or cruris in the course of a total population survey carried out between 1987 and 1989. With regard to the relative frequency distribution of dermatophytes, the main findings were the rarity of Trichophyton rubrum (around 1%) and the predominance of Microsporum audouinii (57%) in this part of Africa. In the genital area Epidermophyton floccosum was the most common isolate (56%).
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