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Chandana MS, Nair SS, Chaturvedi VK, Abhishek, Pal S, Charan MSS, Balaji S, Saini S, Vasavi K, Deepa P. Recent progress and major gaps in the vaccine development for African swine fever. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:997-1010. [PMID: 38311710 PMCID: PMC10920543 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The swine industry across the globe is recently facing a devastating situation imparted by a highly contagious and deadly viral disease, African swine fever. The disease is caused by a DNA virus, the African swine fever virus (ASFV) of the genus Asfivirus. ASFV affects both wild boars and domestic pigs resulting in an acute form of hemorrhagic fever. Since the first report in 1921, the disease remains endemic in some of the African countries. However, the recent occurrence of ASF outbreaks in Asia led to a fresh and formidable challenge to the global swine production industry. Culling of the infected animals along with the implementation of strict sanitary measures remains the only options to control this devastating disease. Efforts to develop an effective and safe vaccine against ASF began as early as in the mid-1960s. Different approaches have been employed for the development of effective ASF vaccines including inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and live attenuated vaccines (LAVs). Inactivated vaccines are a non-feasible strategy against ASF due to their inability to generate a complete cellular immune response. However genetically engineered vaccines, such as subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, and virus vector vaccines, represent tailored approaches with minimal adverse effects and enhanced safety profiles. As per the available data, gene deleted LAVs appear to be the most potential vaccine candidates. Currently, a gene deleted LAV (ASFV-G-∆I177L), developed in Vietnam, stands as the sole commercially available vaccine against ASF. The major barrier to the goal of developing an effective vaccine is the critical gaps in the knowledge of ASFV biology and the immune response induced by ASFV infection. The precise contribution of various hosts, vectors, and environmental factors in the virus transmission must also be investigated in depth to unravel the disease epidemiology. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress in vaccine development against ASF and the major gaps associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chandana
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India.
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India.
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Santanu Pal
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | | | - Shilpa Balaji
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Muktheswhar 263138, Utharakand, India
| | - Shubham Saini
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Koppu Vasavi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Poloju Deepa
- Division of CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Anbazhagan S, Himani KM, Karthikeyan R, Prakasan L, Dinesh M, Nair SS, Lalsiamthara J, Abhishek, Ramachandra SG, Chaturvedi VK, Chaudhuri P, Thomas P. Comparative genomics of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis unravels the gene sharing, virulence factors and SNP diversity among the standard, vaccine and field strains. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:101-111. [PMID: 37202587 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis are the primary etiological agents of brucellosis in large and small ruminants, respectively. There are limited comparative genomic studies involving Brucella strains that explore the relatedness among both species. In this study, we involved strains (n=44) representing standard, vaccine and Indian field origin for pangenome, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and phylogenetic analysis. Both species shared a common gene pool representing 2884 genes out of a total 3244 genes. SNP-based phylogenetic analysis indicated higher SNP diversity among B. melitensis (3824) strains in comparison to B. abortus (540) strains, and a clear demarcation was identified between standard/vaccine and field strains. The analysis for virulence genes revealed that virB3, virB7, ricA, virB5, ipx5, wbkC, wbkB, and acpXL genes were highly conserved in most of the Brucella strains. Interestingly, virB10 gene was found to have high variability among the B. abortus strains. The cgMLST analysis revealed distinct sequence types for the standard/vaccine and field strains. B. abortus strains from north-eastern India fall within similar sequence type differing from other strains. In conclusion, the analysis revealed a highly shared core genome among two Brucella species. SNP analysis revealed B. melitensis strains exhibit high diversity as compared to B. abortus strains. Strains with absence or high polymorphism of virulence genes can be exploited for the development of novel vaccine candidates effective against both B. abortus and B. melitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anbazhagan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
- ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - K M Himani
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - R Karthikeyan
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Lakshmi Prakasan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - M Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, SOM, OHSU, Portland, OR, US, 97239, USA
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - S G Ramachandra
- ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
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Bagra JK, Nair SS, Athira V, Suman Kumar M, Kumar M, Thomas P, Kumar B, Chaturvedi VK, Dandapat P, Abhishek. In vitro virulotyping, antifungal susceptibility testing and DNA fingerprinting of Microsporum canis strains of canine and feline origin. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 104:102100. [PMID: 38043450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Microsporum canis is considered the common dermatophyte agent associated with ringworm in felines and canines. In the present study, we sampled n = 548 felines and canines for the probable isolation of M. canis. The rate of isolation from the cats and dogs was 70.27 % (52/74) and 1.68 % (8/474), respectively and Persian cats were found to be highly susceptible to M. canis infection. The strains were evaluated for their production of phospholipase, lipase, catalase, and hemolysis and their ability to grow at 35 ℃. All the strains were identified as low producers of catalase and n = 17 strains exhibited high thermotolerance ability. Terbinafine was found to be the most effective antifungal drug and fluconazole was the least effective, in vitro. AFLP analysis revealed three genotypes of M. canis with 15 sub-clusters showing ≥ 90 % similarity and 7 sub-clusters exhibiting 100 % similarity. However, the phenotypic characters cannot be attributed based on the AFLP profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Bagra
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Athira
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Suman Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Inbaraj S, Agrawal RK, Thomas P, Chaudhuri P, Chaturvedi VK. Isolation and characterization of vB_SenS_Ib_psk2 bacteriophage against drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:771-779. [PMID: 37074624 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky is one of the food-borne zoonotic pathogens which is isolated in high frequency from poultry meat in the recent decades and is known for its multidrug resistance. The current study was aimed to isolate and characterize a bacteriophage against S. enterica serovar Kentucky isolate, 5925, which showed resistance to at least seven antibiotics and to study its efficiency to decontaminate S. Kentucky from chicken skin. The bacteriophage against S. enterica serovar Kentucky was isolated and was named vB_SenS_Ib_psk2 representing the place, source, and host. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage possesses isometric head and contractile tail, indicative of Siphoviridae family. Molecular detection of major capsid protein E gene yielded 511 bp, and NCBI blast analysis revealed that the phage belonged to the genus chivirus. The optimum temperature and pH for phage survival and multiplication were found to be - 20 to 42 °C and 6-10, respectively. One-step growth curve experiment of vB_SenS_Ib_psk2 revealed a latent period of 20 min and burst size of 253 phages/bacterial cell. The host susceptibility studies revealed that 83% of MDR isolates of S. enterica were susceptible to vB_SenS_Ib_psk2. Artificial spiking studies on chicken skin revealed that high multiplicity of infection (MOI) of phages of 106 pfu/mL is required for significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) of bacterial concentration (0.14 ± 0.04) after 24-h incubation at 8 °C compared to group 1 (2.55 ± 0.89 cfu/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Inbaraj
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
- ICAR-NRC Meat, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500092, India.
| | - Ravi Kant Agrawal
- Food Microbiology Lab, Livestock Products Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Nair SS, Abhishek, Saini S, M S C, Sharun K, V A, Thomas P, Kumar B, Chaturvedi VK. Dermatophytosis caused by Nannizzia nana (Microsporum nanum): a comprehensive review on a novel pathogen. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:509-521. [PMID: 36437438 PMCID: PMC9943922 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinophilic fungi are mostly soil-inhabiting organisms with occasional infections in humans and animals. Even though most dermatophytes are host-adapted, cross-species infections are common by zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. N. nana is considered an etiological agent of ringworm in pigs but has also been isolated from other animals, including humans. However, it also possesses many characteristics of geophilic dermatophytes including the ability to grow in soil. N. nana produces characteristic pear-shaped macroconidia and usually exhibits an ectothrix pattern of hair infection. It has been isolated from dermatitis lesions as well as from soil. N. nana infections in pigs are not of much concern as far as economy or health is concerned. But it has been associated with onychomycosis and gonathritis in humans, which are significant in human medicine. The shift in the predominance of dermatophytes in humans and the ability to evolve into a potential tinea pathogen necessitates more understanding of the physiology and genetics of N. nana. In this review, we have attempted a detailed analysis of the studies about N. nana, emphasizing growth and cultural characters, physiology, isolation, infection in humans and animals, molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
| | - Shubham Saini
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Chandana M S
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Athira V
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Kumar M, Thomas P, V A, Nair SS, Bagra JK, Chaturvedi VK, Kumar B, Kumar A, Rudramurthy SM, Abhishek. Molecular epidemiology of Trichophyton infections among canines from Northern India. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101352. [PMID: 36459816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that cause skin infections in both humans and animals. Recently, the incidence rates of fungal infections associated with Trichophyton spp. have been considered endemic in many locations. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Trichophyton spp. from canines and felines. In the present study, screened 442 canine (n = 386) and feline (n = 56) samples for dermatophytes. Among all the samples, ten isolates were identified as Trichophyton spp. based on micro-morphological features. For comparative analysis, we included three human strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. In vitro susceptibility of antifungal drugs indicated the highest sensitivity except for fluconazole. The canine and human strains were genetically characterized by sequencing three genes: the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA, translation elongation factor 1- gene, and beta-tubulin. Based on sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis, the ten canine strains belonged to four different species/ genotypes such as T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII (T. indotineae) (n = 5), T. interdigitale (n = 2), T. simii (n = 2) and T. quinckeanum (n = 1). The three human strains used for comparative analysis were identified as T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII (n = 2) and T. benhamiae (n = 1). The study hence indicates that the T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII, considered as an endemic and emerging human pathogenic clone in India, is also the prevalent in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Athira V
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Bagra
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
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Khawaskar D, Anbazhagan S, Balusamy D, Inbaraj S, Verma A, Vinodh Kumar OR, Nagaleekar VK, Sinha DK, Chaudhuri P, Singh BR, Chaturvedi VK, Thomas P. A comparative genomics approach for identifying genetic factors in Escherichia coli isolates associated with bovine diseases. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3490-3501. [PMID: 36648155 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Escherichia coli are ubiquitously present bacterial pathogens that cause septicaemia, diarrhoea and other clinical illness in farm animals. Many pathogen factors can be associated with disease conditions. Currently, studies inferring E. coli genetic factors associated with infection in bovines are limited. Hence, the present study envisaged to determine the pathogen genetic factors associated with bovine disease conditions. METHOD AND RESULTS The comparative genomic analysis involved genome sequence data of 135 diseased and 145 healthy bovine origin E. coli strains. Phylogroups A and C, as well as pathotypes ExPEC and EPEC, were found to have a strong connection with bovine disease strains. STEC strains, including EHEC, seem to play a less important role in bovine disease. Sequence types (STs) predominant among strains from diarrhoeal origin were ST 301 (CC 165) and ST 342. Correlation of core genome phylogeny with accessory gene based clustering, phylogroups and pathotypes indicated lineage specific virulence factors mostly associated with disease conditions. CONCLUSIONS Comparative genomic analysis was applied to infer genetic factors significant in bovine disease origin E. coli strains. Isolates from bovine disease origin were enriched for the phylogroups A and C, and for the pathotypes ExPEC and EPEC. However, there was minimal evidence of STEC involvement. The study also indicated predominant genetic lineages and virulence genes (pap, sfa and afa) associated with disease origin strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY;: The study revealed significant pathotypes, phylgroups, serotypes and sequence types associated with bovine disease conditions. These identified genetic factors can be applied for disease diagnosis, implementing vaccine and therapeutic measures. In addition, E. coli isolates from the bovine species revealed a complex pattern of disease epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Khawaskar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Subbaiyan Anbazhagan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh.,ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad
| | - Dhayanath Balusamy
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Sophia Inbaraj
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | | | - Viswas Konasagara Nagaleekar
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Dharmendra K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Bhoj R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243122, Uttar Pradesh
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Sumithra TG, Chaturvedi VK, Gupta PK, Bincy J, Siju SJ, Sunita SC, Reshma KJ, Patel CL, Rai AK. A novel bicistronic DNA vaccine with enhanced protective immune response against Bacillus anthracis through DNA prime-protein boost vaccination approach. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105104. [PMID: 34298126 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthrax, by Bacillus anthracis, remains a dreadful fatal hazard worldwide. The currently used anthrax vaccines are plagued by numerous issues that limit their widespread use. As an immunization approach targeting both extracellular antigens and toxins of B. anthracis may achieve better sterile immunity, the present investigation designed a bicistronic secretory anti-anthrax DNA vaccine targeting immune response against toxin and cells. The efficacy of the vaccine was compared with monocistronic DNA vaccines and the currently used anthrax vaccine. For this, mice were immunized with the developed vaccine containing pag (encoding protective antigen to block toxin) and eag genes (encoding EA1 to target cells) of B. anthracis through DNA-prime/Protein-boost (D/P) and DNA prime/DNA-boost (D/D) approaches. There was a >2 and > 5 fold increase in specific antibody level by D/D and D/P approaches respectively, on 42nd days post-immunization (dpi). Serum cytokine profiling showed that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses were elicited, with more Th2 responses in D/P strategy. More importantly, challenge with 100 times LD50 of B. anthracis at 42nd dpi exhibited maximum cumulative survival (83.33 %) by bicistronic D/P approach. Remarkably, immunization with EA1 delayed mortality onset in infection. The study forms the first report on complement-dependent bactericidal activity of antiEA1 antibodies. In short, co-immunization of PA and EA1 through the developed bicistronic DNA vaccine would be an effective immunization approach in anthrax vaccination. Further, D/P strategy could enhance vaccine-induced immunity against B. anthracis. Altogether, the study generates certain critical insights having direct applications in next-generation vaccine development against anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sumithra
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India.
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India.
| | - P K Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - J Bincy
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - S J Siju
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - S C Sunita
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - K J Reshma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - C L Patel
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - A K Rai
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
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Upadhyay L, Chaturvedi VK, Gupta PK, Sunita SC, Sumithra TG, Prusty BR, Yadav AK. Development of a visible loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Bacillus anthracis. Biologicals 2020; 69:59-65. [PMID: 33309531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Distressing effects on animal and human health with lethal progression, being used as bioweapon and shared features with non-pathogenic bacteria demands sensitive, specific, safe, cost effective and rapid detection methods for anthrax causing organisms. Conventional microbiology based diagnostics for anthrax are time consuming and need sophisticated equipment, while molecular diagnostics require less time and labor. The Loop mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) is rapid, sensitive and specific assay and requires no specialized equipment. In the present study, we developed a LAMP assay for rapid as well as specific detection of Bacillus anthracis. The optimized assay produced positive results with the Sterne strain and one field isolate of B. anthracis and, negative results with other bacteria of the same and different genera within 2 h. Sensitivity was 500 fg of total DNA of B. anthracis, which was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. The present study also demonstrated that the simple method of total DNA extraction by repeated boiling and freezing will not adversely affect the LAMP results. In conclusion, the optimized LAMP assay is a promising tool for the specific, sensitive, less time-consuming diagnosis for anthrax causing bacteria and also, for detecting the virulence of suspected B. anthracis cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Upadhyay
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P K Gupta
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S C Sunita
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T G Sumithra
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 682 018, India.
| | - B R Prusty
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Yadav
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, 781131, Assam, India.
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Das A, Kumar B, Chakravarti S, Prakash C, Singh RP, Gupta V, Singh KP, Agrawal RK, Chaturvedi VK, Abhishek, Shrinet G. Rapid visual isothermal nucleic acid-based detection assay of Brucella species by polymerase spiral reaction. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:646-654. [PMID: 30152897 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of Brucella sp. METHODS AND RESULTS Polymerase spiral reaction assay was developed using specifically designed primers targeting the conserved multicopy IS711 gene of Brucella sp. The assay could be performed within 60 min at an isothermal temperature of 64°C. The lower limit of detection of PSR was 11·8 fg and conventional PCR was 1·18 pg of Brucella abortus genomic DNA. Thus, PSR was found to be 100-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR and was comparable to real-time PCR. The specificity of PSR was tested with other non-Brucella bacteria and also with some bacterial and viral pathogens causing abortions. The assay was found to be specific as it did not detect any putative pathogens other than Brucella sp. Fifty-six clinical samples suspected for brucellosis (aborted fetal stomach content) were screened with PSR to validate the applicability of the test to detect Brucella DNA. The same samples were also screened with conventional PCR and real-time PCR. Of 56 samples, 25 samples were found to be positive with both PSR as well as real-time PCR, whereas only 20 samples were found positive with conventional PCR. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that the PSR assay is a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific method for the detection of Brucella sp. that may improve diagnostic potential in clinical laboratories or can be used at diagnostic laboratories with minimal infrastructure. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The PSR assay, because of its simplicity and low cost, can be preferred to other molecular methods in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - B Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - S Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - C Prakash
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - V Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - K P Singh
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - R K Agrawal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - G Shrinet
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
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Prusty BR, Chaudhuri P, Chaturvedi VK, Saini M, Mishra BP, Gupta PK. Visual Detection of Brucella spp. in Spiked Bovine Semen Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:142-7. [PMID: 27570305 PMCID: PMC4984438 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathogens including Brucella spp. are shed in semen of infected bulls and can be transmitted to cows through contaminated semen during artificial insemination. The present study reports omp2a and bcsp31 gene based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detection of Brucella genomic DNA in semen from infected bulls. The positive results could be interpreted visually by change in colour of reaction mixture containing hydroxyl naphthol blue (HNB) dye from violet to sky blue. LAMP assays based on omp2a and bcsp31 could detect as little as 10 and 100 fg of B. abortus S19 genomic DNA, respectively. Sensitivity of omp2a and bcsp31 LAMP assays for direct detection of organisms in bovine semen was 2.28 × 10(1) CFU and 2.28 × 10(2) CFU of B. abortus S19 in spiked bovine semen, respectively. The omp2a LAMP assay was found equally sensitive to TaqMan probe based real-time PCR and 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR in identifying Brucella in spiked semen. The diagnostic applicability of the omp2a LAMP assay was evaluated with seventy-nine bovine semen samples and results were re-evaluated through TaqMan probe based real-time PCR and conventional PCR. Taken together, the omp2a LAMP assay is easy to perform, rapid and sensitive in diagnosis of Brucella spp. in bovine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R. Prusty
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 India
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - V. K. Chaturvedi
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Mohini Saini
- Center for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - B. P. Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 India
| | - Praveen K. Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 India
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Singh NK, Meshram CD, Sonwane AA, Dahiya SS, Pawar SS, Chaturvedi VK, Saini M, Singh RP, Gupta PK. Protection of mice against lethal rabies virus challenge using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) delivered through lentiviral vector. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:91-101. [PMID: 23877894 PMCID: PMC7090658 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral potential of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting rabies virus (RV) polymerase (L) and nucleoprotein (N) genes delivered through lentiviral vector was investigated. For in vitro evaluation, siRNAs expressing BHK-21 cell lines (BHK-L and BHK-N) were developed using transduction with Lenti-L and Lenti-N lentiviruses encoding siRNAs against RV-L and N genes, respectively. When these cell lines were challenged in vitro with RV Pasteur virus-11 (PV-11) strain, there was reduction in number of RV-specific foci and target gene transcripts indicating inhibitory effect on RV multiplication. For in vivo evaluation, mice were treated intracerebrally with lentiviruses and challenged with 20 LD50 of RV challenge virus standard-11 (CVS-11) strain by intramuscular route in masseter muscle. Five out of eight mice treated with Lenti-N survived indicating 62.5 % protection. The control and Lenti-L-treated mice died within 7–10 days indicating lethal nature of challenge virus and no protection. These results demonstrated that siRNA targeting RV-N could not only inhibit RV multiplication, but also conferred protection in mice against lethal RV challenge. These findings have implication on therapeutic use of siRNA targeting RV-N against RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj K Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
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Sumithra TG, Chaturvedi VK, Gupta PK, Siju SJ, Susan C, Bincy J, Laxmi U, Sunita SC, Rai AK. Development of a simple method for the rapid identification of organisms causing anthrax by coagglutination test. Biologicals 2014; 42:316-21. [PMID: 25151655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A protective antigen (PA) based coagglutination test was optimized in the present study for the specific and sensitive identification of bacteria causing anthrax in a cost effective and less risky manner. The test showed 100% specificity and sensitivity up to 9 × 10(3) formalinized vegetative cells or 11 ng of PA. The optimized test also detected anthrax toxin directly from the serum as well as blood of anthrax infected animals indicating the potential application for direct diagnosis of anthrax under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sumithra
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Principal Scientist & Head, Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - P K Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - S J Siju
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - C Susan
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - J Bincy
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - U Laxmi
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - S C Sunita
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - A K Rai
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P. 243122, India.
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Meshram CD, Singh NK, Sonwane AA, Pawar SS, Mishra BP, Chaturvedi VK, Saini M, Singh RP, Gupta PK. Evaluation of single and dual siRNAs targeting rabies virus glycoprotein and nucleoprotein genes for inhibition of virus multiplication in vitro. Arch Virol 2013; 158:2323-32. [PMID: 23754741 PMCID: PMC7086810 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting rabies virus (RV) glycoprotein (G) and nucleoprotein (N) genes were evaluated as antiviral agents against rabies virus in vitro in BHK-21 cells. To select effective siRNAs targeting RV-G, a plasmid-based transient co-transfection approach was used. In this, siRNAs were expressed as short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and their ability to inhibit RV-G gene expression was evaluated in cells transfected with a plasmid expressing RV-G. The nine different siRNAs designed to target RV-G exhibited varying degrees of knockdown of RV-G gene expression. One siRNA (si-G7) with considerable effect in knockdown of RV-G expression also demonstrated significant inhibition of RV multiplication in BHK-21 cells after in vitro challenge with the RV Pasteur virus-11 (PV-11) strain. A decrease in the number of fluorescent foci in siRNA-treated cells and a reduction (86.8 %) in the release of RV into infected cell culture supernatant indicated the anti-rabies potential of siRNA. Similarly, treatment with one siRNA targeting RV-N resulted in a decrease in the number of fluorescent foci and a reduction (85.9 %) in the release of RV. As a dual gene silencing approach where siRNAs targeting RV-G and RV-N genes were expressed from single construct, the anti-rabies-virus effect was observed as an 87.4 % reduction in the release of RV. These results demonstrate that siRNAs targeting RV-G and N, both in single and dual form, have potential as antiviral agent against rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan D. Meshram
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - Niraj K. Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - Arvind A. Sonwane
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - Sachin S. Pawar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - B. P. Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - V. K. Chaturvedi
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - Mohini Saini
- Centre for Wildlife, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - R. P. Singh
- Division of Biological Products, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - Praveen K. Gupta
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
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16
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Ramya R, Verma PC, Chaturvedi VK, Gupta PK, Pandey KD, Madhanmohan M, Kannaki TR, Sridevi R, Anukumar B. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres: a potent oral delivery system to elicit systemic immune response against inactivated rabies virus. Vaccine 2009; 27:2138-43. [PMID: 19356617 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is an endemic, fatal zoonotic disease in the developing countries. Oral vaccination strategies are suitable for rabies control in developing countries. Studies were performed to investigate the suitability of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres as an oral delivery system for beta-propiolactone inactivated concentrated rabies virus (CRV). Immune responses induced by encapsulated (PLG+CRV) and un-encapsulated inactivated rabies virus after oral and intraperitoneal route administrations were compared. The anti-rabies virus IgG antibody titer, virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers obtained by mouse neutralization test (MNT) and IgG2a and IgG1 titers of mice group immunized orally with PLG+CRV showed significantly (p<0.001) higher response than the group immunized orally with un-encapsulated CRV. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between groups inoculated by intraperitoneal route. The stimulation index (SI) obtained by lymphoproliferation assay of PLG+CRV oral group also showed significantly (p<0.001) higher response than the group immunized orally with un-encapsulated CRV, suggesting that oral immunization activates Th1-mediated cellular immunity. Immunized mice of all experimental groups were challenged intracerebrally with a lethal dose of virulent rabies virus Challenge Virus Standard (CVS). The survival rates of mice immunized orally with PLG+CRV and CRV alone were 75% and 50%, respectively, whereas intraperitoneally immunized groups showed 100% protection. The overall results of humoral, cellular immune response and survival rates of mice immunized orally with PLG+CRV were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those of mice immunized orally with CRV alone. These data suggest that the PLG encapsulated inactivated rabies virus can be used for oral immunization against rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramya
- Biological Products Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India.
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Shinde PL, Dass RS, Garg AK, Chaturvedi VK. Immune Response and Plasma Alpha Tocopherol and Selenium Status of Male Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves Supplemented with Vitamin E and Selenium. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Patial S, Chaturvedi VK, Rai A, Saini M, Chandra R, Saini Y, Gupta PK. Virus neutralizing antibody response in mice and dogs with a bicistronic DNA vaccine encoding rabies virus glycoprotein and canine parvovirus VP2. Vaccine 2007; 25:4020-8. [PMID: 17391817 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 02/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bicistronic DNA vaccine against rabies and parvovirus infection of dogs was developed by subcloning rabies glycoprotein and canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 genes into a bicistronic vector. After characterizing the expression of both the proteins in vitro, the bicistronic DNA vaccine was injected in mice and induced immune response was compared with monocistronic DNA vaccines. There was no significant difference in ELISA and virus neutralizing (VN) antibody responses against rabies and CPV in mice immunized with either bicistronic or monocistronic DNA vaccine. Further, there was significantly similar protection in mice immunized with either bicistronic or monocistronic rabies DNA vaccine on rabies virus challenge. Similarly, dogs immunized with monocistronic and bicistronic DNA vaccines developed comparable VN antibodies against rabies and CPV. This study indicated that bicistronic DNA vaccine can be used in dogs to induce virus neutralizing immune responses against both rabies and CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Patial
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
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Rani SS, Chaturvedi VK, Gupta PK, Joseph S, Nair BC, Pandey KD. Cloning and characterisation of the ahpA gene of Pasteurella multocida serogroup b:2 (strain P52): short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2006; 54:449-53. [PMID: 17278717 DOI: 10.1556/avet.54.2006.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida B:2 is responsible for haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and buffaloes, causing severe economic losses in the developing countries. In the present study, the ahpA gene of P. multocida B:2 (P52) was cloned, sequenced and compared with the previously reported ahpA gene sequence in P. multocida A:1, which is responsible for its haemolytic phenotype. E. coli DH5a cells were further transformed with recombinant plasmid carrying the ahpA gene from P. multocida B:2 (P52) but SDS-PAGE analysis failed to show the expression of haemolysin protein. Slight haemolysis was albeit observed in horse blood agar plates streaked with recombinant E. coli carrying the ahpA gene. Our study indicates that there is 99.6% similarity and 0.4% divergence between ahpA gene of P. multocida B:2 (P52) and P. multocida A: 1, while membrane topology analysis has predicted that ahpA is an inner membrane protein with two strong hydrophobic regions at the N and C terminals. The presence of significant homology in ahpA sequence in A: 1 and B:2 perhaps suggests a common mechanism of pathogenesis in different species of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sudha Rani
- N. P. R. E., Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 UP, India
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Gupta PK, Sharma S, Walunj SS, Chaturvedi VK, Raut AA, Patial S, Rai A, Pandey KD, Saini M. Immunogenic and antigenic properties of recombinant soluble glycoprotein of rabies virus. Vet Microbiol 2005; 108:207-14. [PMID: 15916870 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Revised: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rabies virus glycoprotein is a type I transmembrane protein exposed on the surface on the mature virus particle that induces virus neutralizing antibodies. In the present study, 60 amino acid C-terminal hydrophobic anchor (transmembrane) and cytoplasmic domains of glycoprotein were deleted from full-length glycoprotein and fused with polyhistidine tag. The N-terminal viral signal peptide was also replaced with CD33 signal peptide for efficient secretion in mammalian cells. Following transfection of Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells with plasmid encoding this soluble form of glycoprotein, polyclonal populations of stably transfected resistant cells were obtained after G418 selection. The protein was expressed as a glycosylated protein and secreted outside the cells utilizing N-terminal CD33 signal peptide. The secreted soluble glycoprotein was purified from cell culture supernatant by Ni--agarose affinity chromatography utilizing C-terminal polyhistidine tag. Like full-length glycoprotein, the expressed recombinant soluble glycoprotein was found to be immunogenic when injected in rabbits. In this study, we have assessed the potential of recombinant soluble glycoprotein as diagnostic antigen in ELISA and found that this recombinant protein can be used as diagnostic antigen in ELISA for detecting anti-glycoprotein antibodies in immunized host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Gupta
- National Biotechnology Centre, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 UP, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Chaturvedi
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura (UP), India
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Singh NB, Srivastava A, Gupta HP, Kumar A, Chaturvedi VK. Relative cross reactivity of habanin, lepromin and tuberculin in guinea pigs sensitized with homologous and heterologous mycobacteria. Indian J Lepr 1988; 60:407-12. [PMID: 3143770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An atypical strain Mycobacterium habana has been studied for its antigenic cross reactivity with delayed type of hypersensitivity responses in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs sensitized with M. habana, M. leprae and M. tuberculosis when challenged with habanin, lepromin and tuberculin in criss-cross fashion have demonstrated strong cross reactivity with each other. Possibilities of developing M. habana as a vaccine against tuberculosis and/or leprosy has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Chaturvedi VK, Kurup CK. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport and energy transduction by lutein in vitro. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1986; 23:156-61. [PMID: 3793130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chaturvedi VK, Kurup CK. Effect of lutein on the transport of Ca2+ across phospholipid bilayer and mitochondrial membrane. Biochem Int 1986; 12:373-7. [PMID: 3964291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lutein (3,3'-dihydroxy alpha-carotene), a xanthophyll present in plant chloroplasts, increases the permeability of phospholipid vesicles to Ca2+, even though the pigment does not bind the metal ion. Energy-dependent uptake of Ca2+ by mitochondria is inhibited by lutein, which permits a rapid efflux of the ion from Ca2+-loaded mitochondria. These results are consistent with the view that the deleterious action of lutein on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation results from its destabilizing action on membrane structure.
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Agarwal GR, Chaturvedi VK, Udawat JP. Sclerosing osteogenic sarcomatosis. Indian J Cancer 1972; 9:79-82. [PMID: 4505256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chaturvedi VK, Agarwal GR, Bharadwaj TP. Mesothelioma of the pleura (a case report). Indian J Cancer 1970; 7:333-6. [PMID: 5518065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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